# Patent

## Title
Processes for manufacture of dough-based food products with a non-soluble granulated salt substitute

## Abstract

The present method is directed in one embodiment to a non-soluble, substantially white granular salt substitute for dough-based products. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product comprises a filling sealed within a pocket while in other embodiments, the dough-based product is not filled. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product is heated by baking, deep-frying or microwaving. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute of the present invention may be used in place of other large-particulate salts such as kosher salt for use on dough-based products. Certain non-dough-based products such as salted caramel ice cream, confections, as well as products utilizing a reduced-salt blend are also improved using the present invention. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute comprises white tapioca.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. provisional patent application 61/564,644, filed Nov. 29, 2011, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure generally relates to the substitution of a non-soluble granulated product for sea salt or pretzel salt or other large-particulate salts such as kosher salt for use on dough-based products or non-dough-based products such as salted caramel ice cream, confections, as well as products utilizing a reduced-salt blend. In the case of dough-based products, the invention uses granulated white tapioca on deep fried or baked dough-based products as a substitute for sea salt or pretzel salt.
BACKGROUND
Dough-based products, either baked or deep fried, are popular snacks. One exemplary product comprises pretzels, in both soft, i.e., hot and fresh, and packaged, shelf-stable forms. Pretzels are often consumed with a dip and several known pretzel products comprise a dip as a filling within the pretzel body. These known products are deficient in a number of ways:
1. The traditional pretzel shape, i.e., a knot, is difficult to share as it requires ripping, cutting and/or tearing by consumers.
2. Traditional reheating methods for end consumers, including restaurant operators for known pretzels is not optimal. Microwave cooking is fast, but the product quality is compromised. Baking requires more cooking time than microwaving. Applicant is unaware of any known pretzel products comprising a filling that have been developed for deep-frying, the reasons for which are discussed further below.
3. Loss of filling during the reheating process.
4. Inconsistent salt flavoring. Addition of large particulate pretzel salt, or sea salt on various other dough-based products, results in an inconsistency of salt flavor; some bites will be salt free and bland while others will be too heavily salted.
5. Labor intensive product preparation. Some soft pretzel products, and other dough-based products, require manual application of pretzel, or sea, salt; this manual step is undesirable in a restaurant setting as well as other end user. The necessity for manually applying large particulate salt on these products is driven by the solubility of salt. As a consequence, during the adherence of the product to raw, moist dough and freezing and/or the heating process, i.e., baking, the large particulate salt may dissolve, thereby resulting in a loss of the essential characteristics of a salted pretzel, or other similar dough-based product. Adhering large particulate salt to cooked dough followed by freezing of the cooked dough product may also cause the salt to dissolve.
These essential characteristics of, e.g., pretzel salt or sea salt when applied to dough-based products, which are provided by the present invention, comprise:
1. A consistency of saltiness in each portion or bite. This characteristic is often lost in known products that rely on large particulate salt such as pretzel, sea or kosher salt when the larger particulate salt is not evenly dispersed across the product.
2. The particulate size and shaping of pretzel salt, i.e., visible irregularly shaped substantially white particles.
3. The slight crunchiness of pretzel salt or sea salt when applied to dough-based products post-heating. Deep frying of, e.g., a granulated particulate white tapioca pearl results in a softening of the granulated white tapioca to obtain a crunchiness that mimics the pretzel salt crunch, for example. In other non-pretzel applications the crunchiness of the granulated tapioca may be modified and optimized through thermal processing such as baking to obtain the desired crunchiness.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present method is directed in one embodiment to a non-soluble, substantially white granular salt substitute for dough-based products. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product comprises a filling sealed within a pocket while in other embodiments, the dough-based product is not filled. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product is heated by baking, deep-frying or microwaving. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute of the present invention may be used in place of other large-particulate salts such as kosher salt for use on dough-based products. Certain non-dough-based products such as salted caramel ice cream, confections, as well as products utilizing a reduced-salt blend are also improved using the present invention. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute comprises white tapioca.
The figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify these and other embodiments of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart for one embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
The present disclosure is generally directed to, in one embodiment, a dough-based product comprising non-soluble, substantially white, granular salt substitute thereon. The salt substitute will be applied prior to freezing and subsequent heating of the raw dough-based product and, therefore, the salt substitute must be non-soluble in order to withstand the process of adhering the salt substitute to the raw dough and subsequent freezing of the raw dough-based product as well as deep frying and/or baking or microwaving. Baking and/or microwaving will participate in the dissolution of the large particulate salts when latent moisture is present. The present invention avoids these problems.
In certain embodiments, the dough-based product will comprise shapes comprising: a square, a half round or half circle, a triangle, a rectangle, a cylinder, a pretzel knot, as well as any other shaping as the skilled artisan will recognize. In some of these embodiments, the dough-based product will comprise a pocket with filling, e.g., a pretzel product with a pocket, that is sealed inside the dough-based product. These filled dough-based products will be shaped from a sheet of dough having a thickness, the filling is then deposited onto the shaped product, thereby forming the pocket when the dough is folded over the filling, encapsulating or enclosing the filling therein. The seal is then created which consists of compressing the edges of the dough-based product together. One of the basic complaints with known products is the loss of filling during a heating process, e.g., baking or microwaving. This is as a result of an ineffectively sealed edge and/or the dough sheet being too thin. An alternative is to form the dough shape, then inject the dough shape with a filling which is a known embodiment that is also susceptible to filling loss.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the dough sheeting will be in the range of about 2,000 μm to about 3,000 μm. In other embodiments, the dough sheeting may comprise a thickness of about 2,000 μm to about 3,500 μm. In other embodiments, the dough sheeting may comprise a thickness of about 2,000 μm to about 4,000 μm. In still other embodiments, the dough sheeting may comprise a thickness of about 3,000 μm to about 4,000 μm. In additional embodiments, the dough sheeting may comprise a thickness of about 700 μm to about 1,300 μm or, in other embodiments, about 500 μm to about 4,000 μm.
The seal around at least a portion of the dough-based product comprises a sealed edge having a width, wherein the edges of the folded dough are compressed. In some embodiments, this seal may be 1⁄4 inches wide while in other embodiments the seal may be 3⁄8 inches wide, while in still other embodiments, the width of the sealed edge may be 1⁄2 inches wide. In certain embodiment, the sealed edge may be at least 1⁄4 inches wide.
The combination of the dough sheeting thickness and the sealed edge width create a dough-based product from which the filling, encapsulated within a pocket, cannot escape during the heating process.
One or more of the dough sheeting, shaping and folding may be done manually or using one or more machines as is known in the art.
Turning to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated as process 100.
Initially, the process begins by forming a dough comprising a flour and sodium bicarbonate and/or yeast as a leavening agent 10.
Next, the formed dough is further formed into a laminated sheet with a thickness in the range of preferably 700 μm to 1,300 μm in step 20.
Next, the laminated dough sheet is formed into shapes 30. In certain embodiments, the shapes may comprise a pocket with filling deposited thereon and therein. In these embodiments, the dough sheet may be folded over, with the filling having been enclosed within the dough sheet and pocket. Then, the edges where the folded dough come together are sealed, with a sealing width of at least 1⁄4 inches. One preferred width for the sealed edge is 1⁄2 inch, though other widths will readily present themselves to the skilled artisan.
The formed shapes are then covered, e.g., by spraying or brushing and the like, with a gum solution 40. The gum solution may comprise gum arabic, xanthan gum and/or guar gum or the equivalent.
Next, a non-soluble, substantially white, and substantially flavorless salt substitute is granulated to form irregularly shaped particles 50. A preferred substance for the salt substitute is white tapioca which, if obtained in the pearl form may be fractured to obtain the desired particle shaping and sizing. A preferred particle size simulates that of, e.g., pretzel salt or sea salt and will be in the range of approximately 200 μm to approximately 1600 μm. A more preferred size of the irregularly shaped granulated substantially white tapioca particles is within the range of approximately 800 μm to approximately 1,200 μm.
Then, the granulated, non-soluble, substantially white and substantially flavorless salt substitute is adhered to the exterior of the dough shapes using the gum solution as an adherent 60;
The dough-based product may then be frozen 70 and packaged 80 for future heating which may comprise deep frying the frozen dough-based product while retaining the granulated, non-soluble, substantially white and substantially flavorless salt substitute adhered to the dough-based product after deep frying 90. An alternative heating method may comprise baking and/or microwaving.
In certain embodiments, small particulate, i.e., crystallized, salt may be added to the dough prior to the heating process and mixed therethrough to ensure a consistency of salt flavoring which may be lacking in currently known dough-based products relying on large particulate salt such as sea or pretzel salt. In some cases, this crystallized small particulate salt may be mixed with the gum solution that is applied to the exterior of the shaped dough product.
As discussed above, this process comprises addition of a visible non-soluble salt substitute for, e.g., sea or pretzel salt or kosher salt, that is applied before the freezing of the raw dough-based product and its subsequent heating process. Known processes require addition of, e.g., sea or pretzel salt after the freezing and heating processes because of the solubility of salt resulting in its dissolution during freezing and/or heating, thereby losing many of the required characteristics described above, not the least of which is its visibility.
The above embodiments and processes thereof may be applied to a wide variety of dough-based products including but certainly not limited to: pretzels, bagels, crackers and the like. Any dough-based product that may benefit from a visible large particle substantially white and non-salt flavored salt substitute such as, e.g., white pearl tapioca granules, is within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, non-dough-based products such as salted caramel ice cream, confections, as well as products utilizing a reduced-salt blend may benefit from use and incorporation of the salt-substitute of the present invention.
While the methods have been described in reference to some exemplary embodiments, these embodiments are not limiting and are not necessarily exclusive of each other, and it is contemplated that particular features of various embodiments may be omitted or combined for use with features of other embodiments while remaining within the scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A process for making a dough-based product with a visible, non-soluble and substantially flavorless product having a granulated particle size, substantially white color and crunchiness that mimics granulated sea salt, pretzel salt and/or granulated kosher salt adhered thereon, comprising:
forming a dough comprising a flour and sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent;
forming the dough into a laminated sheet with a thickness in the range of 700 μm to 1,300 μm;
forming the laminated dough sheet into shapes;
covering the dough shapes with a gum solution;
granulating a non-soluble, substantially white, and substantially flavorless product to form visible irregularly shaped particles of a size and shape that mimics sea salt, pretzel salt and/or granulated kosher salt;
adhering the granulated, non-soluble, substantially white and substantially flavorless product to the dough shapes using the gum solution as an adherent;
freezing the dough-based product;
packaging the frozen dough-based product; and
deep frying the frozen dough-based product while retaining the granulated, non-soluble, substantially white and substantially flavorless product visibly adhered to the dough-based product after deep frying while producing a crunchiness in the product adhered to the dough-based product that mimics granulated sea salt, pretzel salt and/or granulated kosher salt, wherein the visible, granulated, non-soluble substantially white and substantially flavorless product comprises granulated white pearl tapioca particles.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the size of the irregularly shaped granulated substantially white tapioca particles is within the range of approximately 200 μm to approximately 1,600 μm.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein the size of the irregularly shaped granulated substantially white tapioca particles is within the range of approximately 800 μm to approximately 1,200 μm.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the gum solution is selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, xanthan gum, and guar gum.

5. The process of claim 1, further comprising depositing a filling onto the dough shapes.

6. The process of claim 5, further comprising: folding the dough shape to encapsulate the deposited filling; and sealing the folded dough shape edges to retain the encapsulated filling within the dough shape, wherein the edges comprise a width of at least 1⁄4 inches.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the dough-based product is selected from the group consisting of pretzels, crackers, and bagels.

8. The process of claim 6, wherein the dough-based product is selected from the group consisting of pretzels, crackers, and bagels.

9. The process of claim 1, further comprising mixing crystallized salt into at least one of the group consisting of: the dough before heating to ensure uniform salt taste consistency, and the gum solution before application to the dough shapes to ensure uniform salt taste consistency.