" ! COMMITTEE PRINT 

112TH CONGRESS

1st Session 

NO. 2C 

TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE 

ARMED FORCES 

(As Amended Through January 7, 2011) 

VOLUME III 

Subtitle B, Army (§§ 3001–5000) 

Subtitle C, Navy & Marine Corps (§§ 5001–8000) 

Subtitle D, Air Force (§§ 8001–10000) 

Subtitle E, Reserve Components (§§ 10001–end) 

PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE

COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES 

OF THE

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 2011 

Printed for the use of the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives 
TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE—ARMED FORCES 

(As Amended Through January 7, 2011) 

Vol. III—Subtitles B–E (§§ 3001–end) 
To use this index, bend the

publication over and locate the

desired section by following the

black markers.

SUBTITLE B—ARMY 

Part I—Organization 

Part II—Personnel 

Part III—Training 

Part IV—Service, Supply, and Procurement 

SUBTITLE C—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 

Part I—Organization 

Part II—Personnel 

Part III—Education & Training 

Part IV—General Administration 

SUBTITLE D—AIR FORCE 

Part I—Organization 

Part II—Personnel 

Part III—Training 

Part IV—Service, Supply, and Procurement 

SUBTITLE E—RESERVE COMPONENTS 

Part I—Organization and Administration 

Part II—Personnel Generally 

Part III—ROPMA Officer Personnel Policies 

Part IV—Training & Ed. Assistance 

Part V—Service, Supply, and Procurement 

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" ! COMMITTEE PRINT 

112TH CONGRESS

1st Session 

NO. 2C 

2011

TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE 

ARMED FORCES 

(As Amended Through January 7, 2011) 

VOLUME III 

Subtitle B, Army (§§ 3001–5000) 

Subtitle C, Navy & Marine Corps (§§ 5001–8000) 

Subtitle D, Air Force (§§ 8001–10000) 

Subtitle E, Reserve Components (§§ 10001–end) 

PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE

COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES 

OF THE

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 2011 

Printed for the use of the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives 

http: //armedservices.house.gov 
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES 

ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS

HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California, Chairman 

ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland 

MAC THORNBERRY, Texas 

WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina 

W. TODD AKIN, Missouri 

J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia 

JEFF MILLER, Florida 

JOE WILSON, South Carolina 

FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey 

MICHAEL TURNER, Ohio 

JOHN KLINE, Minnesota 

MIKE ROGERS, Alabama 

TRENT FRANKS, Arizona 

BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania 

K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas 

DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado 

ROB WITTMAN, Virginia 

DUNCAN HUNTER, California 

JOHN C. FLEMING, M.D., Louisiana 

MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado 

TOM ROONEY, Florida 

TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania 

SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia 

CHRIS GIBSON, New York 

VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri 

JOE HECK, Nevada 

BOBBY SCHILLING, Illinois 

JON RUNYAN, New Jersey 

AUSTIN SCOTT, Georgia 

TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas 

STEVEN PALAZZO, Mississippi 

ALLEN B. WEST, Florida 

MARTHA ROBY, Alabama 

MO BROOKS, Alabama 

TODD YOUNG, Indiana 

ADAM SMITH, Washington 

SILVESTRE REYES, Texas 

LORETTA SANCHEZ, California 

MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina 

ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania 

ROBERT ANDREWS, New Jersey 

SUSAN A. DAVIS, California 

JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island 

RICK LARSEN, Washington 

JIM COOPER, Tennessee 

MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam 

JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut 

DAVE LOEBSACK, Iowa 

GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona 

NIKI TSONGAS, Massachusetts 

CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine 

LARRY KISSELL, North Carolina 

MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico 

BILL OWENS, New York 

JOHN R. GARAMENDI, California 

MARK S. CRITZ, Pennsylvania 

TIM RYAN, Ohio 

C.A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland 

HANK JOHNSON, Georgia 

BETTY SUTTON, Ohio 

COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii 

Vacant 

ROBERT L. SIMMONS II, Staff Director 

(ii) 
(iii) 

C O N T E N T S 

Page 

Table of chapters of title 10 [this volume] ................................ vii 

Table of sections of title 10 [this volume] ................................. xiii 

Dispositions of title 10 sections made by ROPMA reorganization ............................................................................................ xlvii 

Source of sections of subtitle E resulting from ROPMA 

reorganization .......................................................................... lv 

Title 10, United States Code ................................................. 1 

Subtitle A—General Military Law ................................... 5 

[NOTE: Parts I and II appear in Volume I of this 

publication] 

Part I—Organization and General Military Powers ......... 9 

Part II—Personnel ............................................................... 215 

[NOTE: Parts III and IV appear in Volume II of this 

publication] 

Part III—Training and Education ...................................... 957 

Part IV—Service, Supply, and Procurement ..................... 1069 

Subtitle B—Army .................................................................. 1689 

Part I—Organization ........................................................... 1691 

Part II—Personnel ............................................................... 1717 

Part III—Training ................................................................ 1757 

Part IV—Service, Supply, and Procurement ..................... 1791 

Subtitle C—Navy and Marine Corps ............................... 1835 

Part I—Organization ........................................................... 1837 

Part II—Personnel ............................................................... 1873 

Part III—Education and Training ...................................... 1933 

Part IV—General Administration ...................................... 1979 

Subtitle D—Air Force .......................................................... 2067 

Part I—Organization ........................................................... 2069 

Part II—Personnel ............................................................... 2089 

Part III—Training ................................................................ 2125 

Part IV—Service, Supply, and Procurement ..................... 2169 

Subtitle E—Reserve Components .................................... 2207 

Part I—Organization and Administration ......................... 2209 

Part II—Personnel Generally ............................................. 2253 

Part III—Promotion and Retention of Officers on the 

Reserve Active-Status List .............................................. 2335 

Part IV—Training for Reserve Components and Educational Assistance Programs .......................................... 2389 

Part V—Service, Supply, and Procurement ....................... 2427 
Page

iv 

Laws providing that certain provisions of title 10 are applicable to the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health 

Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration ......................................................................... 2441 
(v) 

For changes after the closing date of this publication (January 

7, 2011) to provisions of law contained in this publication, see the 

United States Code Classification Tables published by the Office of 

the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives at 

http://uscode.house.gov/classification/tables.shtml. 

vii 

1This table of chapters and the following table of sections are not part of title 10 and are 

included for the convenience of the reader. 

TABLE OF CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 1

TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE 

ARMED FORCES 

[Subtitles of title 10] 

Subtitle Sec. 

A. GENERAL MILITARY LAW ..................................................................... 101 

B. ARMY .......................................................................................................... 3001 

C. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS .................................................................. 5001 

D. AIR FORCE ................................................................................................ 8001 

E. RESERVE COMPONENTS ....................................................................... 10001 

[Chapters of title 10] 

SUBTITLE A—GENERAL MILITARY LAW 

[NOTE: Subtitle A is set out in Volumes I and II of this 

publication] 

SUBTITLE B—ARMY 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

301. Definitions ....................................................................... 3001 

303. Department of the Army ................................................ 3010 

305. The Army Staff ................................................................ 3031 

307. The Army ......................................................................... 3061 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

331. Strength ........................................................................... 3201 

333. Enlistments ..................................................................... 3251 

335. Appointments in the Regular Army .............................. 3281 

[337. Repealed.] 

339. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 3441 

341. Active Duty ...................................................................... 3491 

343. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 3531 
CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] viii 

345. Rank and Command ....................................................... 3571 

[347. Repealed.] 

349. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 3631 

[351. Repealed.] 

353. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 3681 

355. Hospitalization ................................................................ 3721 

357. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 3741 

[359. Repealed.] 

[360. Repealed.] 

[361. Repealed.] 

[363. Repealed.] 

[365. Repealed.] 

367. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 3911 

369. Retired Grade .................................................................. 3961 

371. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 3991 

373. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 4021 

375. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 4061 

PART III—TRAINING 

401. Training Generally .......................................................... 4301 

403. United States Military Academy ................................... 4331 

[405. Repealed.] 

407. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 4411 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

[431. Repealed.] 

433. Procurement .................................................................... 4531 

434. Armaments Industrial Base ........................................... 4551 

435. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 4561 

437. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 4591 

439. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 4621 

441. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 4651 

443. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 4681 

445. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons; Captured 

Flags ............................................................................. 4711 

447. Transportation ................................................................ 4741 

449. Real Property .................................................................. 4771 

451. Military Claims ............................................................... 4801 

453. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 4831 

SUBTITLE C—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

501. Definitions ....................................................................... 5001 

503. Department of the Navy ................................................. 5011 

505. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations ........................ 5031 

506. Headquarters, Marine Corps ......................................... 5041 

507. Composition of the Department of the Navy ................ 5061 

[509. Repealed.] 

[511. Repealed.] 
ix CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

513. Bureaus; Office of the Judge Advocate General ........... 5131 

[515. Repealed.] 

[516. Repealed.] 

[517. Repealed.] 

[519. Repealed.] 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

[531. Repealed.] 

533. Distribution in Grade ..................................................... 5441 

535. Grade and Rank of Officers ........................................... 5501 

537. Enlistments ..................................................................... 5531 

539. Original Appointments ................................................... 5571 

[541. Repealed.] 

[543. Repealed.] 

544. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 5721 

[545. Repealed.] 

[547. Repealed.] 

[549. Repealed.] 

551. Officers in Command ...................................................... 5941 

553. Special Assignments and Details .................................. 5981 

555. Administration ................................................................ 6011 

557. Rations ............................................................................. 6081 

559. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 6111 

561. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 6141 

563. Hospitalization and Medical Care ................................. 6201 

565. Bands ............................................................................... 6221 

567. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 6241 

569. Discharge of Enlisted Members ..................................... 6291 

571. Voluntary Retirement ..................................................... 6321 

573. Involuntary Retirement, Separation, and Furlough .... 6371 

575. Recall to Active Duty ...................................................... 6481 

577. Death Benefits; Care of the Dead .................................. 6521 

PART III—EDUCATION AND TRAINING 

601. Officer Procurement Programs ...................................... 6901 

602. Training Generally .......................................................... 6931 

603. United States Naval Academy ....................................... 6951 

605. United States Naval Postgraduate School .................... 7041 

607. Retirement of Civilian Members of the Teaching 

Staffs of the United States Naval Academy and 

United States Naval Postgraduate School ................ 7081 

609. Professional Military Education Schools ....................... 7101 

PART IV—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 

631. Secretary of the Navy: Miscellaneous Powers and 

Duties ........................................................................... 7201 

633. Naval Vessels .................................................................. 7291 

[635. Repealed.] 

637. Salvage Facilities ............................................................ 7361 

639. United States Naval Observatory .................................. 7391 

641. Naval Petroleum Reserves ............................................. 7420 

643. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 7471 

645. Procurement of Supplies and Services .......................... 7521 

647. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 7541 
CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] x 

649. Quarters, Utilities, and Services ................................... 7571 

651. Ships’ Stores and Commissary Stores ........................... 7601 

653. Claims .............................................................................. 7621 

655. Prize ................................................................................. 7651 

657. Stay of Judicial Proceedings .......................................... 7721 

659. Naval Militia ................................................................... 7851 

661. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 7861 

663. Names and Insignia ........................................................ 7881 

665. National Oceanographic Partnership Program ............ 7901 

667. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 7911 

SUBTITLE D—AIR FORCE 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

801. Definitions. [No present sections] 

803. Department of the Air Force .......................................... 8010 

805. The Air Staff .................................................................... 8031 

807. The Air Force .................................................................. 8061 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

831. Strength ........................................................................... 8201 

833. Enlistments ..................................................................... 8251 

835. Appointments in the Regular Air Force ........................ 8281 

[837. Repealed.] 

839. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 8441 

841. Active Duty ...................................................................... 8491 

843. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 8531 

845. Rank and Command ....................................................... 8571 

[847. Repealed.] 

849. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 8631 

[851. Repealed.] 

853. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 8681 

855. Hospitalization ................................................................ 8721 

857. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 8741 

[859. Repealed.] 

[860. Repealed.] 

861. Separation for Various Reasons ..................................... 8811 

[863. Repealed.] 

[865. Repealed.] 

867. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 8911 

869. Retired Grade .................................................................. 8961 

871. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 8991 

873. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 9021 

875. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 9061 

PART III—TRAINING 

901. Training Generally .......................................................... 9301 

903. United States Air Force Academy ................................. 9331 

905. Aviation Leadership Program ........................................ 9381 
xi CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

907. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 9411 

909. Civil Air Patrol ................................................................ 9441 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

931. Civil Reserve Air Fleet ................................................... 9511 

933. Procurement .................................................................... 9531 

935. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 9561 

937. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 9591 

939. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 9621 

941. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 9651 

943. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 9681 

945. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons ................... 9711 

947. Transportation ................................................................ 9741 

949. Real Property .................................................................. 9771 

951. Military Claims ............................................................... 9801 

953. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 9831 

SUBTITLE E—RESERVE COMPONENTS 

PART I—ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 

Chap. Sec. 

1001. Definitions ....................................................................... 10001 

1003. Reserve Components Generally ..................................... 10101 

1005. Elements of Reserve Components ................................. 10141 

1006. Reserve Component Commands .................................... 10171 

1007. Administration of Reserve Components ........................ 10201 

1009. Reserve Forces Policy Boards and Committees ............ 10301 

1011. National Guard Bureau .................................................. 10501 

1013. Budget Information and Annual Reports to Congress .. 10541 

PART II—PERSONNEL GENERALLY 

1201. Authorized Strengths and Distribution in Grade ........ 12001 

1203. Enlisted Members ........................................................... 12101 

1205. Appointment of Reserve Officers ................................... 12201 

1207. Warrant Officers ............................................................. 12241 

1209. Active Duty ...................................................................... 12301 

1211. National Guard Members in Federal Service ............... 12401 

1213. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 12501 

1214. Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance ............ 12521 

1215. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 12551 

1217. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 12601 

1219. Standards and Procedures for Retention and Promotion ........................................................................... 12641 

1221. Separation ....................................................................... 12681 

1223. Retired Pay for Non-Regular Service ............................ 12731 

1225. Retired Grade .................................................................. 12771 

PART III—PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF OFFICERS ON 

THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST 

1401. Applicability and Reserve Active-Status Lists ............. 14001 

1403. Selection Boards .............................................................. 14101 

1405. Promotions ....................................................................... 14301 
CHAPTERS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xii 

1407. Failure of Selection for Promotion and Involuntary 

Separation .................................................................... 14501 

1409. Continuation of Officers on the Reserve Active-Status 

List and Selective Early Removal .............................. 14701 

1411. Additional Provisions Relating to Involuntary Separation ................................................................................ 14901 

PART IV—TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND 

EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

1601. Training Generally. [No present sections] 

1606. Educational Assistance for Members of the Selected 

Reserve ......................................................................... 16131 

1607. Educational Assistance for Reserve Component Members Supporting Contingency Operations and Certain Other Operations ................................................. 16161 

1608. Health Professions Stipend Program ............................ 16201 

1609. Education Loan Repayment Programs .......................... 16301 

1611. Other Educational Assistance Programs ...................... 16401 

PART V—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

1801. Issue of Serviceable Material to Reserve Components. 

[No present sections] 

1803. Facilities for Reserve Components ................................ 18231 

1805. Miscellaneous Provisions ................................................ 18501 
xiii 

TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 

SUBTITLE A—GENERAL MILITARY LAW 

[NOTE: Subtitle A is set out in Volumes I and II of this 

publication] 

SUBTITLE B—ARMY 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

CHAPTER 301—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

3001. Definitions. 

CHAPTER 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

Sec. 

3011. Organization. 

3012. Department of the Army: seal. 

3013. Secretary of the Army. 

3014. Office of the Secretary of the Army. 

3015. Under Secretary of the Army. 

3016. Assistant Secretaries of the Army. 

3017. Secretary of the Army: successors to duties. 

3018. Administrative Assistant. 

3019. General Counsel. 

3020. Inspector General. 

3021. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

3022. Financial management. 

3023. Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

3024. Director of Small Business Programs. 

CHAPTER 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

Sec. 

3031. The Army Staff: function; composition. 

3032. The Army Staff: general duties. 

3033. Chief of Staff. 

3034. Vice Chief of Staff. 

3035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

3036. Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties. 

3037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General’s Corps: appointment; duties. 

3038. Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

3039. Deputy and assistant chiefs of branches. 

[3040. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 307—THE ARMY 

Sec. 

3061. Regulations. 

3062. Policy; composition; organized peace establishment. 

3063. Basic branches. 

3064. Special branches. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xiv 

3065. Assignment and detail: officers assigned or detailed to basic and special 

branches. 

[3066. Repealed.] 

3067. Army Medical Department. 

3068. Medical Service Corps: organization; Chief and assistant chiefs. 

3069. Army Nurse Corps: composition; Chief and assistant chief; appointment; 

grade. 

3070. Army Medical Specialist Corps: organization; Chief and assistant chiefs. 

[3071. Repealed.] 

3072. Judge Advocate General’s Corps. 

3073. Chaplains. 

3074. Commands: territorial organization; engineer tactical units. 

3075. Regular Army: composition. 

[3076 to 3080. Repealed.] 

3081. Dental Corps: Chief, functions. 

[3082. Renumbered.] 

3083. Public Affairs Specialty. 

3084. Chief of Veterinary Corps: grade. 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

CHAPTER 331—STRENGTH 

Sec. 

3201. Officers on active duty: minimum strength based on requirements. 

[3202 to 3207, 3209. Repealed.] 

3210. Regular Army: strength in grade; general officers. 

[3211 to 3225, 3230. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 333—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

3251. Definition. 

3252. Bonus to encourage Army personnel to refer persons for enlistment in the 

Army. 

[3253 to 3256. Repealed.] 

3258. Regular Army: reenlistment after service as an officer. 

[3259 to 3261. Repealed.] 

3262. Army: percentage of high-school graduates. 

[3263 to 3264. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 335—APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY 

Sec. 

3281. Commissioned officer grades. 

3282. General officers: title of office. 

3283. Commissioned officers: appointment without specification of branch; transfer between branches. 

[3284 to 3309. Repealed.] 

3310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications. 

[3311 to 3314. Repealed.] 

[CHAPTER 337—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 339—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[3441 to 3445. Repealed.] 

3446. Retention on active duty. 

[3447 to 3452. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 341—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

3491. Non-regular officers: status. 

[3492 to 3502. Repealed.] 

3503. Retired commissioned officers: status. 

[3504. Repealed.] 
xv TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 343—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND 

DUTIES 

Sec. 

[3531, 3532. Repealed.] 

3533. Corps of Engineers: assignment or transfer of officers to duties involving 

civil functions. 

3534. Corps of Engineers: detail of officers to assist Mayor of District of Columbia. 

[3535. Repealed.] 

3536. Leader of Army Band: appointment. 

[3538 to 3542. Repealed.] 

3543. Aides: detail; number authorized. 

[3544 to 3546. Repealed.] 

3547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers. 

3548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations. 

CHAPTER 345—RANK AND COMMAND 

Sec. 

[3571. Repealed.] 

3572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments. 

[3573, 3574. Repealed.] 

3575. Rank: warrant officers. 

[3576, 3578. Repealed.] 

3579. Command: commissioned officers of Army Medical Department. 

[3580. Repealed.] 

3581. Command: chaplains. 

[3582. Repealed.] 

3583. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

[CHAPTER 347—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 349—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[3631 to 3638. Repealed.] 

3639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants. 

[CHAPTER 351—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 353—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

3681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 

[3682 to 3683. Repealed.] 

3684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as an officer to be counted as enlisted service. 

[3685 to 3690. Repealed.] 

3691. Flying officer rating: qualifications. 

[3692, 3693. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 355—HOSPITALIZATION 

Sec. 

[3721, 3722. Repealed.] 

3723. When Secretary may require. 

CHAPTER 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

3741. Medal of honor: award. 

3742. Distinguished-service cross: award. 

3743. Distinguished-service medal: award. 

3744. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: 

limitations on award. 

3745. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: 

delegation of power to award. 

3746. Silver star: award. 

3747. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; 

silver star: replacement. 

3748. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; 

silver star: availability of appropriations. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xvi 

3749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations. 

3750. Soldier’s Medal: award; limitations. 

3751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of appropriations. 

3752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation. 

3753. Civil War battle streamers. 

3754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

3755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

3756. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

[CHAPTER 359—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 360—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 361—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 363—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 365—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 367—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

Sec. 

3911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers. 

[3912, 3913. Repealed.] 

3914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members. 

[3915, 3916. Repealed.] 

3917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members. 

3918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers. 

[3919. Repealed.] 

3920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and the Director of Admissions of the United States Military Academy. 

3921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority. 

[3922, 3923. Repealed.] 

3924. Forty years or more: Army officers. 

3925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members. 

3926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve 

commissioned officers. 

[3927, 3928. Repealed.] 

3929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable. 

CHAPTER 369—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

3961. General rule. 

3962. Higher grade for service in special positions. 

3963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 

3964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

3965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers and enlisted members. 

3966. Retired lists. 

CHAPTER 371—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 

Sec. 

3991. Computation of retired pay. 

3992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement on retired list. 

CHAPTER 373—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

4021. Army War College and United States Army Command and General Staff 

College: civilian faculty members. 

[4022, 4023. Repealed.] 

4024. Expert accountant for Inspector General. 

4025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay of laborers and mechanics. 

4027. Civilian special agents of the Criminal Investigation Command: authority 

to execute warrants and make arrests. 
xvii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 375—MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND 

OTHER DUTIES 

Sec. 

4061. Fatality reviews. 

PART III—TRAINING 

CHAPTER 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

4301. Members of Army: detail as students, observers, and investigators at educational institutions, industrial plants, and hospitals. 

4302. Enlisted members of Army: schools. 

4303. Army Ranger training: instructor staffing; safety. 

4306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors. 

[4307, 4308. Repealed.] 

4309. Rifle ranges: availability for use by members and civilians. 

[4310 to 4313. Repealed.] 

4314. Degree granting authority for United States Army Command and General 

Staff College. 

4315. The Judge Advocate General’s School: master of laws in military law. 

4316. Reporting requirements. 

4317. Military history fellowships. 

4318. Drill sergeant trainees: human relations training. 

4319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male and female recruits. 

4320. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

4321. Degree granting authority for United States Army War College. 

CHAPTER 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

Sec. 

4331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty. 

4332. Departments and professors: titles. 

4333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail. 

4333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position. 

4334. Command and supervision. 

4335. Dean of Academic Board. 

4336. Permanent professors; director of admissions. 

4337. Chaplain. 

4338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation. 

[4339. Repealed.] 

4340. Quartermaster. 

4341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence. 

4341a. Cadets: appointment by the President. 

4342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution. 

4343. Cadets: appointment; to bring Corps to full strength. 

4344. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

4345. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

4345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 

4346. Cadets: requirements for admission. 

4347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States. 

4348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer. 

4349. Cadets: organization of Corps; service; instruction. 

4350. Cadets: clothing and equipment. 

4351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of failure on successor. 

4352. Cadets: hazing. 

4353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation. 

4354. Buildings and grounds: memorial hall; buildings for religious worship. 

4355. Board of Visitors. 

4356. Use of certain gifts. 

4357. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

4358. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

4359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

4360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

4361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xviii 

[CHAPTER 405—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 407—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

Sec. 

4411. Establishment: purpose. 

4412. Operation. 

4413. Transportation and subsistence during travel. 

4414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales. 

[4415. Repealed.] 

4416. Academy of Health Sciences: admission of civilians in physician assistant 

training program. 

4417. United States Army War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research 

for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

[CHAPTER 431—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 433—PROCUREMENT 

Sec. 

[4531. Repealed.] 

4532. Factories and arsenals: manufacture at; abolition of. 

[4533 to 4535. Repealed.] 

4536. Equipment: post bakeries, schools, kitchens, and mess halls. 

[4537 to 4539. Repealed.] 

4540. Architectural and engineering services. 

4541. Army arsenals: treatment of unutilized or underutilized plant-capacity 

costs. 

4542. Technical data packages for large-caliber cannon: prohibition on transfers 

to foreign countries; exception. 

4543. Army industrial facilities: sales of manufactured articles or services outside Department of Defense. 

4544. Army industrial facilities: cooperative activities with non-Army entities. 

CHAPTER 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 

Sec. 

4551. Definitions. 

4552. Policy. 

4553. Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Initiative. 

4554. Property management contracts and leases. 

4555. ARMS Initiative loan guarantee program. 

CHAPTER 435—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

4561. Rations. 

4562. Clothing. 

4563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent contagion. 

4564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on 

shore duty with Army. 

4565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition. 

CHAPTER 437—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

4591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations. 

4592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due connecting commercial 

facilities. 

4593. Quarters: heat and light. 

4594. Furnishing of heraldic services. 

4595. Army Military History Institute: fee for providing historical information to 

the public. 

CHAPTER 439—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

Sec. 

4621. Quartermaster supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or 

military departments and employees; prices. 

4622. Rations: commissioned officers in field. 
xix TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

[4623. Repealed.] 

4624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Army; American National Red 

Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

4625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian employees of Army; 

American National Red Cross; educational institutions; homes for veterans’ orphans. 

4626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or air attache ́. 

4627. Supplies: educational institutions. 

4628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying schools. 

4629. Proceeds: disposition. 

CHAPTER 441—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL OTHER THAN TO 

ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

4651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of R.O.T.C. 

4652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of cadets. 

4653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia high schools. 

4654. Quartermaster supplies: military instruction camps. 

4655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of the United States. 

4656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools. 

4657. Sale of ammunition for avalanche-control purposes. 

CHAPTER 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS MATERIAL 

Sec. 

4681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments. 

4682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council of Boy Scouts of 

America. 

4683. Excess M–1 rifles: loan or donation for funeral and other ceremonial purposes. 

4684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations. 

4685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions and State soldiers and 

sailors’ orphans’ homes. 

4686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers and sailors. 

4687. Sale of excess, obsolete, or unserviceable ammunition and ammunition 

components. 

4688. Armor-piercing ammunition and components: condition on disposal. 

4689. Transfer of material and equipment to the Architect of the Capitol. 

4690. Recyclable munitions materials: sale; use of proceeds. 

CHAPTER 445—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS OF DECEASED PERSONS; 

CAPTURED FLAGS 

Sec. 

[4711. Repealed.] 

4712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial. 

[4713. Repealed.] 

4714. Collection of captured flags, standards, and colors. 

CHAPTER 447—TRANSPORTATION 

Sec. 

[4741 to 4748. Repealed or Renumbered.] 

4749. Property: for United States surveys. 

CHAPTER 449—REAL PROPERTY 

Sec. 

4771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, training, supply base, or 

aviation field. 

4772. Heritage Center for the National Museum of the United States Army: development and operation. 

[4774 to 4775. Repealed.] 

4776. Emergency construction: fortifications. 

4777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving 

livestock. 

4778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of buildings; Young Men’s 

Christian Association. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xx 

4779. Use of public property. 

4780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia. 

CHAPTER 451—MILITARY CLAIMS 

Sec. 

4801. Definition. 

4802. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

4803. Admiralty claims by United States. 

4804. Salvage claims by United States. 

[4805. Repealed.] 

4806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive. 

CHAPTER 453—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

4831. Custody of departmental records and property. 

[4832 to 4836. Repealed.] 

4837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 

4838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of company commander. 

4839. Settlement of accounts: oaths. 

4840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts. 

4841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors. 

4842. Settlement of accounts of line officers. 

SUBTITLE C—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

CHAPTER 501—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

5001. Definitions. 

CHAPTER 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

Sec. 

5011. Organization. 

5012. Department of the Navy: seal. 

5013. Secretary of the Navy. 

5013a. Secretary of the Navy: powers with respect to Coast Guard. 

5014. Office of the Secretary of the Navy. 

5015. Under Secretary of the Navy. 

5016. Assistant Secretaries of the Navy. 

5017. Secretary of the Navy: successors to duties. 

5018. Administrative Assistant. 

5019. General Counsel. 

5020. Naval Inspector General: detail; duties. 

[5021. Repealed.] 

5022. Office of Naval Research: duties. 

5023. Office of Naval Research: appropriations; time limit. 

5024. Naval Research Advisory Committee. 

5025. Financial management. 

5026. Consultation with Commandant of the Marine Corps on major decisions 

directly concerning Marine Corps aviation. 

5027. Chief of Legislative Affairs. 

5028. Director of Small Business Programs. 

CHAPTER 505—OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 

Sec. 

5031. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: function; composition. 

5032. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: general duties. 

5033. Chief of Naval Operations. 

[5034. Repealed.] 

5035. Vice Chief of Naval Operations. 

5036. Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

5037. Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

5038. Director for Expeditionary Warfare. 
xxi TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 506—HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS 

Sec. 

5041. Headquarters, Marine Corps: function; composition. 

5042. Headquarters, Marine Corps: general duties. 

5043. Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5044. Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5045. Deputy Commandants. 

5046. Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5047. Legislative Assistant to the Commandant. 

CHAPTER 507—COMPOSITION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

Sec. 

5061. Department of the Navy: composition. 

5062. United States Navy: composition; functions. 

5063. United States Marine Corps: composition; functions. 

[CHAPTER 509—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 511—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 513—BUREAUS; OFFICE OF THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

Sec. 

5131. Bureaus: names; location. 

5132. Bureaus: distribution of business; orders; records; expenses. 

5133. Bureau Chiefs: rank; pay and allowances; retirement. 

[5134. Repealed.] 

5135. Bureau Chiefs: succession to duties. 

[5136. Repealed.] 

5137. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Chief; Deputy Chief. 

5138. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Dental Corps; Chief; functions. 

5139. Appointment of chiropractors in the Medical Service Corps. 

[5140. Repealed.] 

5141. Bureau of Naval Personnel: Chief of Naval Personnel; Deputy Chief of 

Naval Personnel. 

5142. Chaplain Corps and Chief of Chaplains. 

5142a. Deputy Chief of Chaplains. 

5143. Office of Navy Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

5144. Office of Marine Forces Reserve: appointment of Commander. 

[5145 to 5147. Repealed.] 

5148. Judge Advocate General’s Corps: Office of the Judge Advocate General; 

Judge Advocate General; appointment, term, emoluments, duties. 

5149. Office of the Judge Advocate General: Deputy Judge Advocate General; Assistant Judge Advocates General. 

5150. Staff Corps of the Navy. 

[5151 to 5153. Renumbered.] 

[5154. Repealed.] 

[5155. Renumbered.] 

[CHAPTER 515—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 516—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 517—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 519—REPEALED] 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

[CHAPTER 531—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 533—DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE 

Sec. 

5441. Prescribed number; vacancies. 

[5442 to 5449. Repealed.] 

5450. Regular Navy: retired flag officers on active duty. 

5451. Suspension: preceding sections. 

[5452 to 5458. Repealed.] 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxii 

CHAPTER 535—GRADE AND RANK OF OFFICERS 

Sec. 

5501. Navy: grades above chief warrant officer, W–5. 

5502. Marine Corps: grades above chief warrant officer, W–5. 

5503. Navy and Marine Corps: warrant officer grades. 

[5504 to 5507. Repealed.] 

5508. Rank of line and staff corps officers of the Navy and officers of the Marine 

Corps. 

CHAPTER 537—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

[5531 to 5539. Repealed.] 

5540. Expiration: rights of member. 

CHAPTER 539—ORIGINAL APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[5571 to 5581. Repealed.] 

5582. Regular Navy: transfers, line and staff corps. 

[5583, 5584. Repealed.] 

5585. Regular Marine Corps: order of filling vacancies in grade of second lieutenant. 

[5586. Repealed.] 

5587. Regular Navy: officers designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, and special duty. 

5587a. Regular Marine Corps: judge advocates. 

[5588. Repealed.] 

5589. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps: officers designated for limited 

duty. 

[5590 to 5595. Repealed.] 

5596. Navy and Marine Corps: temporary appointments of officers designated for 

limited duty. 

[5597 to 5601. Repealed.] 

[CHAPTER 541—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 543—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 544—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

5721. Temporary promotions of certain Navy lieutenants. 

[CHAPTER 545—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 547—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 549—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 551—OFFICERS IN COMMAND 

Sec. 

[5941. Repealed.] 

5942. Aviation commands: eligibility. 

5943. Naval shipyards. 

5944. Marine Corps officers: limitation on power to command. 

5945. Staff corps officers: limitation on power to command. 

5946. Precedence accorded commanding officers. 

5947. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

5948. Consular powers: senior officer present afloat. 

5949. Policy as to leave and liberty. 

[5950. Repealed.] 

5951. Continuation of authority after loss of vessel or aircraft. 

5952. Marine Corps organizations on vessels: authority of officers. 

[5953 to 5955. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 553—SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS AND DETAILS 

Sec. 

[5981. Repealed.] 

[5982. Repealed.] 
xxiii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

5983. State Department: assignment of enlisted members as custodians of buildings in foreign countries. 

[5984. Repealed.] 

5985. Nautical Schools: detail of naval officers as superintendents or instructors. 

5986. Technical institutions: detail of naval officers to promote knowledge of 

naval engineering and naval architecture. 

[5987. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 555—ADMINISTRATION 

Sec. 

6011. Navy Regulations. 

6012. Additional regulations for Marine Corps. 

6013. Enlisted grades and ratings: authority to establish. 

6014. Enlisted members: authority for transfer between Marine Corps and Hospital Corps of the Navy. 

[6015 to 6018. Repealed.] 

6019. Citizenship of officers of vessels. 

[6020. Repealed.] 

6021. Aviation duties: number of personnel assigned. 

6022. Aviation training facilities. 

[6023. Repealed.] 

6024. Aviation designations: naval flight officer. 

[6025, 6026. Repealed.] 

6027. Medical Department: composition. 

[6028. Repealed.] 

6029. Dental services: responsibilities of senior dental officer. 

[6030. Repealed.] 

6031. Chaplains: divine services. 

6032. Indebtedness to Marine Corps Exchanges: payment from appropriated 

funds in certain cases. 

[6033, 6034. Repealed.] 

6035. Female members: congressional review period for assignment to duty on 

submarines or for reconfiguration of submarines. 

6036. Fatality reviews. 

CHAPTER 557—RATIONS 

Sec. 

6081. Navy ration: persons entitled to. 

6082. Rations. 

6083. Fixing cost on certain vessels and stations. 

6084. Enlisted members assigned to mess: basic allowance for subsistence paid 

to mess. 

6085. Flight rations. 

6086. Subsistence in hospital messes: hospital ration. 

6087. Sale of meals by general messes. 

CHAPTER 559—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[6111, 6112. Repealed.] 

6113. Loans: Supply Corps officers. 

[6114 to 6116. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 561—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

6141. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 

[6142 to 6150. Repealed.] 

6151. Higher retired grade and pay for members who serve satisfactorily under 

temporary appointments. 

6152. Emergency shore duty: advance of funds. 

6153. Shore patrol duty: payment of expenses. 

6154. Mileage books: commutation tickets. 

6155. Uniforms, accouterments, and equipment: sale at cost. 

6156. Uniform: sale to former members of the naval service. 

[6157 to 6159. Repealed.] 

6160. Pension to persons serving ten years. 

6161. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxiv 

CHAPTER 563—HOSPITALIZATION AND MEDICAL CARE 

Sec. 

6201. Members of the naval service in other United States hospitals. 

6202. Insane members of the naval service. 

6203. Emergency medical treatment: reimbursement for expense. 

CHAPTER 565—BANDS 

Sec. 

6221. United States Navy Band; officer in charge. 

6222. United States Marine Band; United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps: 

composition; appointment and promotion of members. 

[6224. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

6241. Medal of honor. 

6242. Navy cross. 

6243. Distinguished-service medal. 

6244. Silver star medal. 

6245. Distinguished flying cross. 

6246. Navy and Marine Corps Medal. 

6247. Additional awards. 

6248. Limitations of time. 

6249. Limitation of honorable service. 

6250. Posthumous awards. 

6251. Delegation of power to award. 

6252. Regulations. 

6253. Replacement. 

6254. Availability of appropriations. 

6255. Commemorative or special medals: facsimiles and ribbons. 

6256. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

6257. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

6258. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

CHAPTER 569—DISCHARGE OF ENLISTED MEMBERS 

Sec. 

[6291. Repealed.] 

6292. Minors enlisted upon false statement of age. 

[6293 to 6298. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

Sec. 

6321. Officers: 40 years. 

6322. Officers: 30 years. 

6323. Officers: 20 years. 

6324. Officers: creditable service. 

6325. Officers: retired grade and pay. 

6326. Enlisted members: 30 years. 

6327. Officers and enlisted members of the Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve: 30 years; 20 years; retired pay. 

6328. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement. 

6329. Officers not to be retired for misconduct. 

6330. Enlisted members: transfer to Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; retainer pay. 

6331. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: transfer 

to the retired list; retired pay. 

6332. Conclusiveness of transfers. 

6333. Computation of retired and retainer pay. 

6334. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

6335. Restoration to former grade: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

6336. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 
xxv TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 573—INVOLUNTARY RETIREMENT, SEPARATION, AND 

FURLOUGH 

Sec. 

6371. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority. 

[6372 to 6382. Repealed.] 

6383. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps; officers designated for limited 

duty: retirement for length of service or failures of selection for promotion; discharge for failures of selection for promotion; reversion to 

prior status; retired grade; retired pay. 

[6384 to 6388. Repealed.] 

6389. Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve; officers: elimination from active 

status; computation of total commissioned service. 

[6390 to 6403. Repealed.] 

6404. Treatment of fractions of years of service in computing retired pay and 

separation pay. 

[6405 to 6407. Repealed.] 

6408. Navy and Marine Corps; warrant officers, W–1: limitation on dismissal. 

[6409, 6410. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 575—RECALL TO ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

[6481, 6482. Repealed.] 

6483. Retired members: grade. 

6484. Promotion of retired members to higher enlisted grades: retention of grade 

upon release from active duty. 

6485. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: authority 

to recall. 

6486. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: release 

from active duty. 

[6487, 6488. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 577—DEATH BENEFITS; CARE OF THE DEAD 

Sec. 

[6521. Repealed.] 

6522. Disposition of effects. 

PART III—EDUCATION AND TRAINING 

CHAPTER 601—OFFICER PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

[6901 to 6910. Repealed.] 

6911. Aviation cadets: grade; procurement; transfer. 

6912. Aviation cadets: benefits. 

6913. Aviation cadets: appointment as reserve officers. 

[6914. Repealed.] 

6915. Reserve student aviation pilots; reserve aviation pilots: appointments in 

commissioned grade. 

CHAPTER 602—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

6931. Recruit basic training; separate housing for male and female recruits. 

6932. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

CHAPTER 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

Sec. 

6951. Location. 

6951a. Superintendent. 

6952. Civilian teachers: number; compensation. 

6953. Midshipmen: appointment. 

6954. Midshipmen: number. 

6955. Midshipmen: allotment upon redistricting of Congressional Districts. 

6956. Midshipmen: nomination and selection to fill vacancies. 

6957. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

6957a. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

6957b. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxvi 

6958. Midshipmen: qualifications for admission. 

6959. Midshipmen: agreement for length of service. 

6960. Midshipmen: clothing and equipment; uniform allowance. 

6961. Midshipmen: dismissal for best interests of the service. 

6962. Midshipmen: discharge for unsatisfactory conduct or inaptitude. 

6963. Midshipmen: discharge for deficiency. 

6964. Hazing: definition; prohibition. 

6965. Failure to report violation: dismissal. 

6966. Course of study. 

6967. Degree on graduation. 

6968. Board of Visitors. 

6969. Band: composition. 

6970. Permanent professors: promotion. 

6970a. Permanent professors: retirement for years of service; authority for deferral. 

6971. Midshipmen’s store, trade shops, dairy, and laundry: nonappropriated fund 

instrumentality and accounts. 

6972. Chapel: crypt and window spaces. 

6973. Gifts, bequests, and loans of property: acceptance for benefit and use of 

Naval Academy. 

6974. United States Naval Academy Museum Fund: references to Fund. 

6975. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

6976. Operation of Naval Academy dairy farm. 

6977. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

6978. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

6979. Midshipmen: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

6980. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 

CHAPTER 605—UNITED STATES NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

Sec. 

7041. Function. 

7042. President; assistants. 

7043. Provost and Academic Dean. 

7044. Civilian teachers: number; compensation. 

7045. Officers of the other armed forces; enlisted members: admission. 

7046. Officers of foreign countries: admission. 

7047. Students at institutions of higher education: admission. 

7048. Degree granting authority for United States Naval Postgraduate School. 

7049. Defense industry civilians: admission to defense product development program. 

7050. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance, authorized grantees. 

CHAPTER 607—RETIREMENT OF CIVILIAN MEMBERS OF THE TEACHING 

STAFFS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY AND UNITED STATES 

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

Sec. 

7081. Civilian member: definition; exceptions. 

7082. Deferred annuity policy required. 

7083. Annuity premium to be paid by monthly installments; government reimbursement. 

7084. Age of retirement. 

7085. Computation of life annuity. 

7086. Physical disability retirement. 

7087. Election of annuity for self and beneficiary. 

7088. Regulations. 

CHAPTER 609—PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS 

Sec. 

7101. Degree granting authority for Naval War College. 

7102. Degree granting authority for Marine Corps University. 

7103. Naval War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, 

literary, and educational purposes. 
xxvii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

7104. Marine Corps University: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

PART IV—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 

CHAPTER 631—SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: MISCELLANEOUS POWERS AND 

DUTIES 

Sec. 

[7201 to 7203. Repealed.] 

7204. Schools near naval activities: financial aid. 

7205. Promotion of health and prevention of accidents. 

[7206. Repealed.] 

7207. Administration of liberated and occupied areas. 

[7208 to 7210. Repealed.] 

7211. Attendance at meetings of technical, professional, or scientific organizations. 

7212. Employment of outside architects and engineers. 

[7213. Repealed.] 

7214. Apprehension of deserters and prisoners; operation of shore patrols. 

[7215. Repealed.] 

7216. Collection, preservation, and display of captured flags. 

[7217, 7218. Repealed.] 

7219. Leases of waterfront property from States or municipalities. 

7220. Gifts for welfare of enlisted members. 

7221. Acceptance and care of gifts to vessels. 

7222. Naval Historical Center Fund: references to Fund. 

7223. Acquisition of land for radio stations and for other purposes. 

7224. Transportation on naval vessels during wartime. 

7225. Navy Reserve flag. 

7226. Navy Reserve yacht pennant. 

7227. Foreign naval vessels and aircraft: supplies and services. 

7228. Merchant vessels: supplies. 

7229. Purchase of fuel. 

[7230. Repealed.] 

7231. Accounting for expenditures for obtaining information. 

7233. Auxiliary vessels: extended lease authority. 

7234. Submarine safety programs: participation of NATO naval personnel. 

CHAPTER 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

Sec. 

7291. Classification. 

7292. Naming. 

7293. Number in service in time of peace. 

7294. Suspension of construction in case of treaty. 

7295. Vessels: under-age. 

7296. Combatant surface vessels: notice before reduction in number; preservation of surge capability. 

7297. Changing category or type: limitations. 

[7298. Repealed.] 

7299. Contracts: applicability of chapter 65 of title 41. 

7299a. Construction of combatant and escort vessels and assignment of vessel 

projects. 

7300. Contracts for nuclear ships: sales of naval shipyard articles and services 

to private shipyards. 

[7301, 7302. Repealed.] 

7303. Model basin; investigation of hull designs. 

7304. Examination of vessels; striking of vessels from Naval Vessel Register. 

7305. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: sale. 

7305a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: contracts for dismantling on 

net-cost basis. 

7306. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register; captured vessels: transfer by 

gift or otherwise. 

7306a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: use for experimental purposes. 

7306b. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: transfer by gift or otherwise 

for use as artificial reefs. 

7307. Disposals to foreign nations. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxviii 

7308. Chief of Naval Operations: certification required for disposal of combatant 

vessels. 

7309. Construction of vessels in foreign shipyards: prohibition. 

7310. Overhaul, repair, etc. of vessels in foreign shipyards: restrictions. 

7311. Repair or maintenance of naval vessels: handling of hazardous waste. 

7312. Service craft stricken from Naval Vessel Register; obsolete boats: use of 

proceeds from exchange or sale. 

7313. Ship overhaul work: availability of appropriations for unusual cost overruns and for changes in scope of work. 

7314. Overhaul of naval vessels: competition between public and private shipyards. 

7315. Preservation of Navy shipbuilding capability. 

7316. Support for transfers of decommissioned vessels and shipboard equipment. 

7317. Status of Government rights in the designs of vessels, boats, and craft, and 

components thereof. 

[CHAPTER 635—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 637—SALVAGE FACILITIES 

Sec. 

7361. Authority to provide for necessary salvage facilities. 

7362. Acquisition and transfer of vessels and equipment. 

7363. Settlement of claims. 

7364. Disposition of receipts. 

CHAPTER 639—UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY 

Sec. 

[7391 to 7394. Repealed.] 

7395. Naval Observatory: administration. 

7396. Naval Observatory: exchange of information with foreign offices. 

CHAPTER 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

Sec. 

7420. Definitions. 

7421. Jurisdiction and control. 

7422. Administration. 

7423. Periodic re-examination of production requirements. 

7424. Protection of oil reserves; contracts for conservation. 

7425. Acquisition by condemnation and purchase. 

[7426. Repealed.] 

7427. Cooperative or unit plans in the naval petroleum reserves. 

7428. Agreements and leases: provision for change. 

7429. Re-lease of certain lands: lessee’s preferential right. 

7430. Disposition of products. 

7431. Requirements as to consultation and approval. 

7432. Authorizations of appropriations. 

7433. Disposition of royalties. 

[7434. Repealed.] 

7435. Foreign interest. 

7436. Regulations. 

7437. Violations by lessee. 

7438. Rifle, Colorado, plant; possession, use, and transfer of. 

7439. Certain oil shale reserves: transfer of jurisdiction and petroleum exploration, development, and production. 

CHAPTER 643—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

[7471. Repealed.] 

7472. Physical examination: employees engaged in hazardous occupations. 

7473. Employment of aliens. 

[7474, 7475. Repealed.] 

7476. Administration of oaths by clerks and employees. 

7477. Transportation of dependents and household effects of civilian personnel 

stationed outside the United States: payment in lieu of transportation. 

7478. Naval War College and Marine Corps University: civilian faculty members. 

7479. Civil service mariners of Military Sealift Command: release of drug test 

results to Coast Guard. 
xxix TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

7480. Special agents of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service: authority to 

execute warrants and make arrests. 

CHAPTER 645—PROCUREMENT OF SUPPLIES AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

[7521. Repealed.] 

7522. Contracts for research. 

7523. Tolls and fares: payment or reimbursement. 

7524. Marine mammals: use for national defense purposes. 

CHAPTER 647—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS MATERIAL 

Sec. 

7541. Obsolete and other material: gift or sale to Boy Scouts of America, Naval 

Sea Cadet Corps and Young Marines of the Marine Corps League. 

7541a. Uniform clothing: sale to Naval Sea Cadet Corps. 

7541b. Authority to make grants for purposes of Naval Sea Cadet Corps. 

7542. Excess clothing: sale for distribution to needy. 

7543. Useless ordnance material: disposition of proceeds on sale. 

7544. Devices and trophies: transfer to other agencies. 

7545. Obsolete material and articles of historical interest: loan or gift. 

7546. Loan or gift of articles to ships’ sponsors and donors. 

7547. Equipment for instruction in seamanship: loan to military schools. 

CHAPTER 649—QUARTERS, UTILITIES, AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

7571. Quarters or other accommodations: to whom furnished. 

7572. Quarters: accommodations in place of for members on sea duty. 

7573. Quarters: temporary; transient members. 

[7574, 7575. Repealed.] 

7576. Quarters: extension telephones. 

7577. Quarters: Nurse Corps officers; assignment in hospitals. 

[7578. Repealed.] 

7579. Officers’ messes and quarters: limitations on employment of enlisted members. 

7580. Heat and light for Young Men’s Christian Association buildings. 

7581. Marine Corps post laundries: disposition of receipts. 

7582. Naval and Marine Corps Historical Centers: fee for providing historical information to the public. 

CHAPTER 651—SHIPS’ STORES AND COMMISSARY STORES 

Sec. 

7601. Sales: members of the naval service and Coast Guard; widows and widowers; civilian employees and other persons. 

7602. Sales: members of Army and Air Force; prices. 

7603. Sales: veterans under treatment. 

7604. Ships’ stores: sale of goods and services. 

7605. Acceptance of Government checks outside the United States. 

7606. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or military departments and employees; prices. 

CHAPTER 653—CLAIMS 

Sec. 

7621. Definitions. 

7622. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

7623. Admiralty claims by the United States. 

[7624, 7625. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 655—PRIZE 

Sec. 

7651. Scope of chapter. 

7652. Jurisdiction. 

7653. Court in which proceedings brought. 

7654. Effect of failure to start proceedings. 

7655. Appointment of prize commissioners and special prize commissioners. 

7656. Duties of United States attorney. 

7657. Duties of commanding officer of capturing vessel. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxx 

7658. Duties of prize master. 

7659. Libel and proceedings by United States attorney. 

7660. Duties of prize commissioners. 

7661. Interrogation of witnesses by prize commissioners. 

7662. Duties of marshal. 

7663. Prize property appropriated for the use of the United States. 

7664. Delivery of property on stipulation. 

7665. Sale of prize. 

7666. Mode of making sale. 

7667. Transfer of prize property to another district for sale. 

7668. Disposition of prize money. 

7669. Security for costs. 

7670. Costs and expenses a charge on prize property. 

7671. Payment of costs and expenses from prize fund. 

7672. Recaptures: award of salvage, costs, and expenses. 

7673. Allowance of expenses to marshals. 

7674. Payment of witness fees. 

7675. Commissions of auctioneers. 

7676. Compensation of prize commissioners and special prize commissioners. 

7677. Accounts of clerks of district courts. 

7678. Interfering with delivery, custody, or sale of prize property. 

7679. Powers of district court over prize property notwithstanding appeal. 

7680. Appeals and amendments in prize causes. 

7681. Reciprocal privileges to cobelligerent. 

CHAPTER 657—STAY OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 

Sec. 

7721. Scope of chapter. 

7722. Stay of suit. 

7723. Stay of proceedings for preserving evidence after stay of suit. 

7724. Stay of proceedings for taking evidence before suit is filed. 

7725. Stay extended or shortened. 

7726. Reconsideration of stay. 

7727. Duration of stay. 

7728. Restricted certificate. 

7729. Investigation before issue of certificate. 

7730. Evidence admissible when witness is not available. 

CHAPTER 659—NAVAL MILITIA 

Sec. 

7851. Composition. 

7852. Appointment and enlistment in reserve components. 

7853. Release from Militia duty upon order to active duty in reserve components. 

7854. Availability of material for Naval Militia. 

CHAPTER 661—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

7861. Custody of departmental records and property. 

7862. Accounts of paymasters of lost or captured naval vessels. 

7863. Disposal of public stores by order of commanding officer. 

CHAPTER 663—NAMES AND INSIGNIA 

Sec. 

7881. Unauthorized use of Marine Corps insignia. 

CHAPTER 665—NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM 

Sec. 

7901. National Oceanographic Partnership Program. 

7902. National Ocean Research Leadership Council. 

7903. Ocean Research Advisory Panel. 

CHAPTER 667—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL OTHER THAN TO 

ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

7911. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of R.O.T.C. 
xxxi TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

7912. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of midshipmen. 

7913. Supplies: military instruction camps. 

SUBTITLE D—AIR FORCE 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

CHAPTER 801—DEFINITIONS 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

Sec. 

8011. Organization. 

8012. Department of the Air Force: seal. 

8013. Secretary of the Air Force. 

8014. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. 

8015. Under Secretary of the Air Force. 

8016. Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force. 

8017. Secretary of the Air Force: successors to duties. 

8018. Administrative Assistant. 

8019. General Counsel. 

8020. Inspector General. 

8021. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

8022. Financial management. 

8023. Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

8024. Director of Small Business Programs. 

CHAPTER 805—THE AIR STAFF 

Sec. 

8031. The Air Staff: function; composition. 

8032. The Air Staff: general duties. 

8033. Chief of Staff. 

8034. Vice Chief of Staff. 

8035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

8036. Surgeon General: appointment; grade. 

8037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General: appointment; 

duties. 

8038. Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

CHAPTER 807—THE AIR FORCE 

Sec. 

8061. Regulations. 

8062. Policy; composition; aircraft authorization. 

[8066. Repealed.] 

8067. Designation: officers to perform certain professional functions. 

8069. Air Force nurses: composition; Chief and assistant chief; appointment; 

grade. 

[8071. Repealed.] 

[8072. Renumbered.] 

8074. Commands: territorial organization. 

8075. Regular Air Force: composition. 

[8076 to 8080. Repealed.] 

8081. Assistant Surgeon General for Dental Services. 

8084. Officer career field for space. 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

CHAPTER 831—STRENGTH 

Sec. 

[8201 to 8209. Repealed.] 

8210. Regular Air Force: strength in grade; general officers. 

[8211 to 8230. Repealed.] 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxxii 

CHAPTER 833—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

8251. Definition. 

8252. Regular Air Force: gender-free basis for acceptance of original enlistments. 

[8253 to 8256. Repealed.] 

8257. Regular Air Force: aviation cadets; qualifications, grade, limitations. 

8258. Regular Air Force: reenlistment after service as an officer. 

[8259 to 8263. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 835—APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE 

Sec. 

8281. Commissioned officer grades. 

[8284 to 8309. Repealed.] 

8310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications. 

[8312 to 8314. Repealed.] 

[CHAPTER 837—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 839—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[8441 to 8445. Repealed.] 

8446. Retention on active duty. 

[8447 to 8452. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 841—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

8491. Non-regular officers: status. 

[8492 to 8502. Repealed.] 

8503. Retired commissioned officers: status. 

[8504. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 843—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND 

DUTIES 

Sec. 

[8531 to 8542. Repealed.] 

8543. Aides: detail; number authorized. 

[8544 to 8546. Repealed.] 

8547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers. 

8548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations. 

[8549. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 845—RANK AND COMMAND 

Sec. 

[8571. Repealed.] 

8572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments. 

[8573, 8574. Repealed.] 

8575. Rank: warrant officers. 

[8576 to 8578. Repealed.] 

8579. Command: commissioned officers in certain designated categories. 

[8580. Repealed.] 

8581. Command: chaplains. 

[8582. Repealed.] 

8583. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

[CHAPTER 847—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 849—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[8631 to 8638. Repealed.] 

8639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants. 

[CHAPTER 851—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 853—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

8681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 
xxxiii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

[8682, 8683. Repealed.] 

8684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as an officer to be counted as enlisted service. 

[8685 to 8690. Repealed.] 

8691. Flying officer rating: qualifications. 

[8692, 8693. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 855—HOSPITALIZATION 

Sec. 

[8721, 8722. Repealed.] 

8723. When Secretary may require. 

CHAPTER 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

8741. Medal of honor: award. 

8742. Air Force cross: award. 

8743. Distinguished-service medal: award. 

8744. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: limitations 

on award. 

8745. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: delegation of 

power to award. 

8746. Silver star: award. 

8747. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguishedservice medal; silver star: replacement. 

8748. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguishedservice medal; silver star: availability of appropriations. 

8749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations. 

8750. Airman’s Medal: award; limitations. 

8751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of appropriations. 

8752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation. 

8754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

8755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

8756. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

[CHAPTER 859—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 860—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 861—SEPARATION FOR VARIOUS REASONS 

Sec. 

[8811 to 8816. Repealed.] 

8817. Aviation cadets: discharge. 

[8818 to 8820. Repealed.] 

[CHAPTER 863—REPEALED] 

[CHAPTER 865—REPEALED] 

CHAPTER 867—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

Sec. 

8911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers. 

[8912, 8913. Repealed.] 

8914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members. 

[8915, 8916. Repealed.] 

8917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members. 

8918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers. 

[8919. Repealed.] 

8920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and the Director of Admissions of the United States Air Force Academy. 

8921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force 

Academy; waiver authority. 

[8922, 8923. Repealed.] 

8924. Forty years or more: Air Force officers. 

8925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members. 

8926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve 

commissioned officers. 

[8927, 8928. Repealed.] 

8929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxxiv 

CHAPTER 869—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

8961. General rule. 

8962. Higher grade for service in special positions. 

8963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 

8964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

8965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers and enlisted members. 

8966. Retired lists. 

CHAPTER 871—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 

Sec. 

8991. Computation of retired pay. 

8992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement on retired list. 

CHAPTER 873—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

9021. Air University: civilian faculty members. 

[9022, 9023. Repealed.] 

9025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay of laborers and mechanics. 

9027. Civilian special agents of the Office of Special Investigations: authority to 

execute warrants and make arrests. 

CHAPTER 875—MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND 

OTHER DUTIES 

Sec. 

9061. Fatality reviews. 

PART III—TRAINING 

CHAPTER 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

9301. Members of Air Force: detail as students, observers, and investigators at 

educational institutions, industrial plants, and hospitals. 

9302. Enlisted members of Air Force: schools. 

9303. Aviation cadets and aviation students: schools. 

9304. Aviation students: detail of enlisted members of Air Force. 

9305. Civilian flying school instructors: instruction at Air Force training commands. 

9306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors. 

9314. Degree granting authority for United States Air Force Institute of Technology. 

9314a. United States Air Force Institute of Technology: admission of defense industry civilians. 

9315. Community College of the Air Force: associate degrees. 

[9316. Repealed.] 

9317. Degree granting authority for Air University. 

9319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male and female recruits. 

9320. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

CHAPTER 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

Sec. 

9331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty. 

9332. Departments and professors: titles. 

9333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail. 

9333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position. 

9334. Command and supervision. 

9335. Dean of the Faculty. 

9336. Permanent professors; director of admissions. 

9337. Chaplain. 

9338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation. 

9341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence. 

9341a. Cadets: appointment by the President. 
xxxv TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

9342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution. 

9343. Cadets: appointment; to bring to full strength. 

9344. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

9345. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

9345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 

9346. Cadets: requirements for admission. 

9347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States. 

9348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer. 

9349. Cadets: organization; service; instruction. 

9350. Cadets: clothing and equipment. 

9351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of failure on successor. 

9352. Cadets: hazing. 

9353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation. 

9354. Buildings and grounds: buildings for religious worship. 

9355. Board of Visitors. 

9356. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

9357. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

9359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

9360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

9361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 

9362. Support of athletic programs. 

CHAPTER 905—AVIATION LEADERSHIP PROGRAM 

Sec. 

9381. Establishment of program. 

9382. Supplies and clothing. 

9383. Allowances. 

CHAPTER 907—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

Sec. 

9411. Establishment: purpose. 

9412. Operation. 

9413. Transportation and subsistence during travel. 

9414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales. 

9415. Inter-American Air Forces Academy. 

9417. Air War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

CHAPTER 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 

Sec. 

9441. Status as federally chartered corporation; purposes. 

9442. Status as volunteer civilian auxiliary of the Air Force. 

9443. Activities performed as federally chartered nonprofit corporation. 

9444. Activities performed as auxiliary of the Air Force. 

9445. Funds appropriated for the Civil Air Patrol. 

9446. Miscellaneous personnel authorities. 

9447. Board of Governors. 

9448. Regulations. 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

CHAPTER 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 

Sec. 

9511. Definitions. 

9512. Contracts for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features. 

9513. Use of military installations by Civil Reserve Air Fleet contractors. 

9514. Indemnification of Department of Transportation for losses covered by 

defense-related aviation insurance. 

9515. Charter air transportation services: minimum annual purchase amount for 

carriers participating in Civil Reserve Air Fleet. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxxvi 

CHAPTER 933—PROCUREMENT 

Sec. 

[9531. Repealed.] 

9532. Factories, arsenals, and depots: manufacture at. 

[9534, 9535. Repealed.] 

9536. Equipment: bakeries, schools, kitchens, and mess halls. 

[9537, 9538. Repealed.] 

9540. Architectural and engineering services. 

[9541. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 935—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

9561. Rations. 

9562. Clothing. 

9563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent contagion. 

9564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on 

shore duty with Air Force. 

9565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition. 

CHAPTER 937—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

9591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations. 

9592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due connecting commercial 

facilities. 

9593. Quarters: heat and light. 

9594. Air Force Military History Institute: fee for providing historical information to the public. 

CHAPTER 939—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

Sec. 

9621. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or military departments and employees; prices. 

9622. Rations: commissioned officers in field. 

[9623. Repealed.] 

9624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Air Force; American National 

Red Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

9625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian employees of Air 

Force; American National Red Cross; educational institutions; homes 

for veterans’ orphans. 

9626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or other state aircraft. 

9627. Supplies: educational institutions. 

9628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying schools. 

9629. Proceeds: disposition. 

CHAPTER 941—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL OTHER THAN TO 

ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

9651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of A.F.R.O.T.C. 

9652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of cadets. 

9653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia high schools. 

9654. Supplies: military instruction camps. 

9655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of United States. 

9656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools. 

CHAPTER 943—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS MATERIAL 

Sec. 

9681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments. 

9682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council of Boy Scouts of 

America. 

9684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations. 

9685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions and State soldiers’ and 

sailors’ orphans’ homes. 

9686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers and sailors. 
xxxvii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 945—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS OF DECEASED PERSONS 

Sec. 

[9711. Repealed.] 

9712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial. 

[9713. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 947—TRANSPORTATION 

Sec. 

[9741 to 9748. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 949—REAL PROPERTY 

Sec. 

9771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, training, supply base, or 

aviation field. 

[9772. Repealed.] 

9773. Acquisition and construction: air bases and depots. 

[9774, 9775. Repealed.] 

9776. Emergency construction: fortifications. 

9777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving 

livestock. 

9778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of buildings; Young Men’s 

Christian Association. 

9779. Use of public property. 

9780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia. 

9781. Disposition of real property at missile sites. 

9782. Maintenance and repair of real property. 

9783. Johnston Atoll: reimbursement for support provided to civil air carriers. 

CHAPTER 951—MILITARY CLAIMS 

Sec. 

9801. Definition. 

9802. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

9803. Admiralty claims by United States. 

9804. Salvage claims by United States. 

[9805. Repealed.] 

9806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive. 

CHAPTER 953—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

9831. Custody of departmental records and property. 

[9832, 9833, 9835, 9836. Repealed.] 

9837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 

9838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of squadron commander. 

9839. Settlement of accounts: oaths. 

9840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts. 

9841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors. 

9842. Settlement of accounts of line officers. 

SUBTITLE E—RESERVE COMPONENTS 

PART I—ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 

CHAPTER 1001—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

10001. Definition of State. 

CHAPTER 1003—RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY 

Sec. 

10101. Reserve components named. 

10102. Purpose of reserve components. 

10103. Basic policy for order into Federal service. 

10104. Army Reserve: composition. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xxxviii 

10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition. 

10106. Army National Guard: when a component of the Army. 

10107. Army National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal 

service. 

10108. Navy Reserve: administration. 

10109. Marine Corps Reserve: administration. 

10110. Air Force Reserve: composition. 

10111. Air National Guard of the United States: composition. 

10112. Air National Guard: when a component of the Air Force. 

10113. Air National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal 

service. 

10114. Coast Guard Reserve. 

CHAPTER 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

10141. Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve; Retired Reserve: placement and status 

of members; training categories. 

10142. Ready Reserve. 

10143. Ready Reserve: Selected Reserve. 

10144. Ready Reserve: Individual Ready Reserve. 

10145. Ready Reserve: placement in. 

10146. Ready Reserve: transfer from. 

10147. Ready Reserve: training requirements. 

10148. Ready Reserve: failure to satisfactorily perform prescribed training. 

10149. Ready Reserve: continuous screening. 

10150. Ready Reserve: transfer back from Standby Reserve. 

10151. Standby Reserve: composition. 

10152. Standby Reserve: inactive status list. 

10153. Standby Reserve: status of members. 

10154. Retired Reserve. 

CHAPTER 1006—RESERVE COMPONENT COMMANDS 

Sec. 

10171. United States Army Reserve Command. 

10172. Navy Reserve Force. 

10173. Marine Forces Reserve. 

10174. Air Force Reserve Command. 

CHAPTER 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

10201. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. 

10202. Regulations. 

10203. Reserve affairs: designation of general or flag officer of each armed force. 

10204. Personnel records. 

10205. Members of Ready Reserve: requirement of notification of change of status. 

10206. Members: physical examinations. 

10207. Mobilization forces: maintenance. 

10208. Annual mobilization exercise. 

10209. Regular and reserve components: discrimination prohibited. 

10210. Dissemination of information. 

10211. Policies and regulations: participation of Reserve officers in preparation 

and administration. 

10212. Gratuitous services of officers: authority to accept. 

10213. Reserve components: dual membership prohibited. 

10214. Adjutants general and assistant adjutants general: reference to other officers of National Guard. 

10215. Officers of Army National Guard of the United States and Air National 

Guard of the United States: authority with respect to Federal status. 

10216. Military technicians (dual status). 

10217. Non-dual status technicians. 

10218. Army and Air Force Reserve technicians: conditions for retention; mandatory retirement under civil service laws. 

CHAPTER 1009—RESERVE FORCES POLICY BOARDS AND COMMITTEES 

Sec. 

10301. Reserve Forces Policy Board. 
xxxix TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

10302. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

10303. Navy Reserve Policy Board. 

10304. Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board. 

10305. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

CHAPTER 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 

Sec. 

10501. National Guard Bureau. 

10502. Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; adviser on National 

Guard matters; grade; succession. 

10503. Functions of National Guard Bureau: charter. 

10504. Chief of National Guard Bureau: annual report. 

10505. Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau. 

10506. Other senior National Guard Bureau officers. 

10507. National Guard Bureau: assignment of officers of regular or reserve components. 

10508. National Guard Bureau: general provisions. 

CHAPTER 1013—BUDGET INFORMATION AND ANNUAL REPORTS TO 

CONGRESS 

Sec. 

10541. National Guard and reserve component equipment: annual report to 

Congress. 

10542. Army National Guard combat readiness: annual report. 

10543. National Guard and reserve component equipment procurement and military construction funding: inclusion in future-years defense program. 

PART II—PERSONNEL GENERALLY 

CHAPTER 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS AND DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE 

Sec. 

12001. Authorized strengths: reserve components. 

12002. Authorized strengths: Army and Air Force reserve components, exclusive 

of members on active duty. 

12003. Authorized strengths: commissioned officers in an active status. 

12004. Strength in grade: reserve general and flag officers in an active status. 

12005. Strength in grade: commissioned officers in grades below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) in an active status. 

12006. Strength limitations: authority to waive in time of war or national emergency. 

12007. Reserve officers of the Army: distribution. 

12008. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: warrant officers. 

12009. Army and Air Force reserve components: temporary increases. 

12010. Computations for Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve: rule when 

fraction occurs in final result. 

12011. Authorized strengths: reserve officers on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National 

Guard. 

12012. Authorized strengths: senior enlisted members on active duty or on fulltime National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard. 

CHAPTER 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 

Sec. 

12101. Definition. 

12102. Reserve components: qualifications. 

12103. Reserve components: terms. 

12104. Reserve components: transfers. 

12105. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: transfer from Guard components. 

12106. Army and Air Force Reserve: transfer to upon withdrawal as member of 

National Guard. 

12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United 

States: enlistment in. 

12108. Enlisted members: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xl 

CHAPTER 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

Sec. 

12201. Reserve officers: qualifications for appointment. 

12202. Commissioned officer grades. 

12203. Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; term. 

12204. Commissioned officers: original appointment; limitation. 

12205. Commissioned officers: appointment; educational requirement. 

12206. Commissioned officers: appointment of former commissioned officers. 

12207. Commissioned officers: service credit upon original appointment. 

12208. Officers: appointment upon transfer. 

12209. Officer candidates: enlisted Reserves. 

12210. Attending Physician to the Congress: reserve grade. 

12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States. 

12212. Officers: Air National Guard of the United States. 

12213. Officers; Army Reserve: transfer from Army National Guard of the 

United States. 

12214. Officers; Air Force Reserve: transfer from Air National Guard of the 

United States. 

12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant 

adjutants general. 

CHAPTER 1207—WARRANT OFFICERS 

Sec. 

12241. Warrant officers: grades; appointment, how made; term. 

12242. Warrant officers: promotion. 

12243. Warrant officers: suspension of laws for promotion or mandatory retirement or separation during war or emergency. 

12244. Warrant officers: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age. 

CHAPTER 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

12301. Reserve components generally. 

12302. Ready Reserve. 

12303. Ready Reserve: members not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily 

in, units. 

12304. Selected Reserve and certain Individual Ready Reserve members; order 

to active duty other than during war or national emergency. 

12305. Authority of President to suspend certain laws relating to promotion, retirement, and separation. 

12306. Standby Reserve. 

12307. Retired Reserve. 

12308. Retention after becoming qualified for retired pay. 

12309. Reserve officers: use of in expansion of armed forces. 

12310. Reserves: for organizing, administering, etc., reserve components. 

12311. Active duty agreements. 

12312. Active duty agreements: release from duty. 

12313. Reserves: release from active duty. 

12314. Reserves: kinds of duty. 

12315. Reserves: duty with or without pay. 

12316. Payment of certain Reserves while on duty. 

12317. Reserves: theological students; limitations. 

12318. Reserves on active duty: duties; funding. 

12319. Ready Reserve: muster duty. 

12320. Reserve officers: grade in which ordered to active duty. 

12321. Reserve Officer Training Corps units: limitation on number of Reserves 

assigned. 

12322. Active duty for health care. 

CHAPTER 1211—NATIONAL GUARD MEMBERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE 

Sec. 

12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status. 

12402. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: commissioned officers; duty in National Guard Bureau. 

12403. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: members; status in 

which ordered into Federal service. 
xli TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

12404. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: mobilization; maintenance of organization. 

12405. National Guard in Federal service: status. 

12406. National Guard in Federal service: call. 

12407. National Guard in Federal service: period of service; apportionment. 

12408. National Guard in Federal service: physical examination. 

CHAPTER 1213—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND 

DUTIES 

Sec. 

12501. Reserve components: detail of members of regular and reserve components to assist. 

12502. Chief and assistant chief of staff of National Guard divisions and wings 

in Federal service: detail. 

12503. Ready Reserve: funeral honors duty. 

[12505. Repealed.] 

CHAPTER 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 

Sec. 

12521. Definitions. 

12522. Establishment of insurance program. 

12523. Risk insured. 

12524. Enrollment and election of benefits. 

12525. Benefit amounts. 

12526. Premiums. 

12527. Payment of premiums. 

12528. Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund. 

12529. Board of Actuaries. 

12530. Payment of benefits. 

12531. Purchase of insurance. 

12532. Termination for nonpayment of premiums; forfeiture. 

12533. Termination of program. 

CHAPTER 1215—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[12551. Repealed.] 

12552. Funeral honors functions at funerals for veterans. 

CHAPTER 1217—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

12601. Compensation: Reserve on active duty accepting from any person. 

12602. Members of Army National Guard of United States and Air National 

Guard of United States: credit for service as members of National 

Guard. 

12603. Attendance at inactive-duty training assemblies: commercial travel at 

Federal supply schedule rates. 

12604. Billeting in Department of Defense facilities: Reserves attending inactiveduty training. 

12605. Presentation of United States flag: members transferred from an active 

status or discharged after completion of eligibility for retired pay. 

CHAPTER 1219—STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR RETENTION AND 

PROMOTION 

Sec. 

12641. Standards and procedures: Secretary to prescribe. 

12642. Standards and qualifications: result of failure to comply with. 

12643. Boards for appointment, promotion, and certain other purposes: composition. 

12644. Members physically not qualified for active duty: discharge or transfer to 

retired status. 

12645. Commissioned officers: retention until completion of required service. 

12646. Commissioned officers: retention of after completing 18 or more, but less 

than 20, years of service. 

12647. Commissioned officers: retention in active status while assigned to Selective Service System or serving as United States property and fiscal officers. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xlii 

CHAPTER 1221—SEPARATION 

Sec. 

12681. Reserves: discharge authority. 

12682. Reserves: discharge upon becoming ordained minister of religion. 

12683. Reserve officers: limitation on involuntary separation. 

12684. Reserves: separation for absence without authority or sentence to imprisonment. 

12685. Reserves separated for cause: character of discharge. 

12686. Reserves on active duty within two years of retirement eligibility: limitation on release from active duty. 

12687. Reserves under confinement by sentence of court-martial: separation 

after six months confinement. 

CHAPTER 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

Sec. 

12731. Age and service requirements. 

12731a. Temporary special retirement qualification authority. 

12731b. Special rule for members with physical disabilities not incurred in line 

of duty. 

12732. Entitlement to retired pay: computation of years of service. 

12733. Computation of retired pay: computation of years of service. 

12734. Time not creditable toward years of service. 

12735. Inactive status list. 

12736. Service credited for retired pay benefits not excluded for other benefits. 

12737. Limitation on active duty. 

12738. Limitations on revocation of retired pay. 

12739. Computation of retired pay. 

12740. Eligibility: denial upon certain punitive discharges or dismissals. 

12741. Retirement for service in an active status performed in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve after eligibility for regular retirement. 

CHAPTER 1225—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

12771. Reserve officers: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve. 

12772. Reserve commissioned officers who have served as Attending Physician 

to the Congress: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve. 

12773. Limitation on accrual of increased pay or benefits. 

12774. Retired lists. 

PART III—PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF OFFICERS ON 

THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST 

CHAPTER 1401—APPLICABILITY AND RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LISTS 

Sec. 

14001. Applicability of this part. 

14002. Reserve active-status lists: requirement for each armed force. 

14003. Reserve active-status lists: position of officers on the list. 

14004. Reserve active-status lists: eligibility for Reserve promotion. 

14005. Competitive categories. 

14006. Determination of years in grade. 

CHAPTER 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

Sec. 

14101. Convening of selection boards. 

14102. Selection boards: appointment and composition. 

14103. Oath of members. 

14104. Nondisclosure of board proceedings. 

14105. Notice of convening of promotion board. 

14106. Communication with board by officers under consideration. 

14107. Information furnished by the Secretary concerned to promotion boards. 

14108. Recommendations by promotion boards. 

14109. Reports of promotion boards: in general. 

14110. Reports of promotion boards: review by Secretary. 

14111. Reports of selection boards: transmittal to President. 

14112. Dissemination of names of officers selected. 
xliii TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 1405—PROMOTIONS 

Sec. 

14301. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: general rules. 

14302. Promotion zones. 

14303. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: minimum years of service in 

grade. 

14304. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: maximum years of service in 

grade. 

14305. Establishment of promotion zones: mandatory consideration for promotion. 

14306. Establishment of promotion zones: Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve running mate system. 

14307. Number of officers to be recommended for promotion. 

14308. Promotions: how made. 

14309. Acceptance of promotion; oath of office. 

14310. Removal of officers from a list of officers recommended for promotion. 

14311. Delay of promotion: involuntary. 

14312. Delay of promotion: voluntary. 

14313. Authority to vacate promotions to grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half). 

14314. Army and Air Force commissioned officers: generals ceasing to occupy positions commensurate with grade; State adjutants general. 

14315. Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force officers. 

14316. Army National Guard and Air National Guard: appointment to and Federal recognition in a higher reserve grade after selection for promotion. 

14317. Officers in transition to and from the active-status list or active-duty list. 

CHAPTER 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION AND 

INVOLUNTARY SEPARATION 

Sec. 

14501. Failure of selection for promotion. 

14502. Special selection boards: correction of errors. 

14503. Discharge of officers with less than six years of commissioned service or 

found not qualified for promotion to first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade). 

14504. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve first lieutenants of the 

Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants (junior 

grade) of the Navy. 

14505. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve captains of the Army, 

Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants of the Navy. 

14506. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve majors of the Army, 

Air Force, and Marine Corps reserve and lieutenant commanders of the 

Navy. 

14507. Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve 

lieutenant colonels and colonels of the Army, Air Force, and Marine 

Corps and reserve commanders and captains of the Navy. 

14508. Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve 

general and flag officers. 

14509. Separation at age 62: reserve officers in grades below brigadier general 

or rear admiral (lower half). 

14510. Separation at age 62: brigadier generals and rear admirals (lower half). 

14511. Separation at age 64: officers in grade of major general or rear admiral 

and above. 

14512. Separation at age 66: officers holding certain offices. 

14513. Failure of selection for promotion: transfer, retirement, or discharge. 

14514. Discharge or retirement for years of service or after selection for early removal. 

14515. Discharge or retirement for age. 

14516. Separation to be considered involuntary. 

14517. Entitlement of officers discharged under this chapter to separation pay. 

14518. Continuation of officers to complete disciplinary action. 

14519. Deferment of retirement or separation for medical reasons. 
TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] xliv 

CHAPTER 1409—CONTINUATION OF OFFICERS ON THE RESERVE ACTIVESTATUS LIST AND SELECTIVE EARLY REMOVAL 

Sec. 

14701. Selection of officers for continuation on the reserve active-status list. 

14702. Retention on reserve active-status list of certain officers in the grade of 

major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, or brigadier general. 

14703. Authority to retain chaplains and officers in medical specialties until 

specified age. 

14704. Selective early removal from the reserve active-status list. 

14705. Selective early retirement: reserve general and flag officers of the Navy 

and Marine Corps. 

14706. Computation of total years of service. 

CHAPTER 1411—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INVOLUNTARY 

SEPARATION 

Sec. 

14901. Separation of chaplains for loss of professional qualifications. 

14902. Separation for substandard performance and for certain other reasons. 

14903. Boards of inquiry. 

14904. Rights and procedures. 

14905. Officer considered for removal: retirement or discharge. 

14906. Officers eligible to serve on boards. 

14907. Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the 

United States: discharge and withdrawal of Federal recognition of officers absent without leave. 

PART IV—TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND 

EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

CHAPTER 1601—TRAINING GENERALLY 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 1606—EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE 

SELECTED RESERVE 

Sec. 

16131. Educational assistance program: establishment; amount. 

16131a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance. 

16132. Eligibility for educational assistance. 

16132a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members. 

16133. Time limitation for use of entitlement. 

16134. Termination of assistance. 

16135. Failure to participate satisfactorily; penalties. 

16136. Administration of program. 

16137. Biennial report to Congress. 

CHAPTER 1607—EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR RESERVE COMPONENT 

MEMBERS SUPPORTING CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS AND CERTAIN 

OTHER OPERATIONS 

Sec. 

16161. Purpose. 

16162a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance. 

16162. Educational assistance program. 

16163. Eligibility for educational assistance. 

16163a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members. 

16164. Time limitation for use of entitlement. 

16165. Termination of assistance. 

16166. Administration of program. 

CHAPTER 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM 

Sec. 

16201. Financial assistance: health-care professionals in reserve components. 

16202. Reserve service: required active duty for training. 

16203. Penalties and limitations. 

16204. Regulations. 
xlv TABLE OF SECTIONS OF TITLE 10 [this volume] 

CHAPTER 1609—EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

16301. Education loan repayment program: members of Selected Reserve. 

16302. Education loan repayment program: health professions officers serving in 

Selected Reserve with wartime critical medical skill shortages. 

16303. Loan repayment program: chaplains serving in the Selected Reserve. 

CHAPTER 1611—OTHER EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

16401. Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class: college tuition assistance program. 

PART V—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

CHAPTER 1801—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO RESERVE 

COMPONENTS 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

18231. Purpose. 

18232. Definitions. 

18233. Acquisition. 

18233a. Notice and wait requirements for certain projects. 

18233b. Authority to carry out small projects with operation and maintenance 

funds. 

18234. Location and use. 

18235. Administration; other use permitted by Secretary. 

18236. Contributions to States; other use permitted by States. 

18237. Supervision of construction: compliance with State law. 

18238. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of United 

States: limitation on relocation of units. 

18239. Waiver of certain restrictions. 

18240. Acquisition of facilities by exchange. 

CHAPTER 1805—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Sec. 

18501. Reserve components: personnel and logistic support by military departments. 

18502. Reserve components: supplies, services, and facilities. 

18505. Reserves traveling for inactive-duty training: space-required travel on 

military aircraft. 

[18506. Repealed.] 

xlvii 

The Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) 

(title XVI of Public Law 103–337, enacted October 5, 1994) 

consolidated in a new subtitle E at the end of title 10, 

United States Code, the provisions of title 10 relating to Reserve Components. 

The following two tables show (1) by previous title 10 section number, the disposition into subtitle E of those sections 

of title 10 that were consolidated into the new subtitle, and 

(2) by subtitle E section number, the source of each section 

of the new subtitle from the previous sections of title 10. 

Dispositions of Title 10 Sections Made by ROPMA 

Reorganization 

Table #1 shows the disposition made by ROPMA of previous sections of title 10, United States Code, that were (A) repealed, (B) repealed and reenacted in subtitle E without substantive revision, or 

(C) transferred to subtitle E. 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

[Subtitle A sections] 

CH. 2: 

115b ....................... 10541 .......................... TR 

CH. 7: 

175 ......................... 10301 .......................... RR 

CH. 11: 

261(a) ..................... 10101 .......................... RR 

261(b) ..................... 10213 .......................... RR 

262 ......................... 10102 .......................... RR 

263 ......................... 10103 .......................... RR 

264(a) ..................... 10203 .......................... RR 

264(b) ..................... 18501 .......................... RR 

265 ......................... 10211 .......................... RR 

266 ......................... 12643 .......................... TR 

267 ......................... 10141(a), (b) ............... RR 

268(a) ..................... 10142 .......................... RR 

268(b), (c) ............... 10143 .......................... RR 

269(a)–(d) ............... 10145 .......................... RR 

269(e)–(g) ............... 10146 .......................... RR 

270(a) ..................... 10147 .......................... RR 

270(b), (c) ............... 10148 .......................... RR 
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES xlviii 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

271 ......................... 10149 .......................... RR 

272 ......................... 10150 .......................... RR 

273(a) ..................... 10151 .......................... RR 

273(b) ..................... 10152 .......................... RR 

273(c) ..................... 10153 .......................... RR 

274 ......................... 10154 .......................... RR 

275 ......................... 10204 .......................... RR 

276 ......................... 10207 .......................... RR 

277 ......................... 10209 .......................... RR 

278 ......................... 10210 .......................... RR 

279 ......................... 10212 .......................... RR 

280 ......................... 10202 .......................... RR 

281 ......................... 10214 .......................... RR 

CH. 31: 

510 ......................... 12102 .......................... TR 

511 ......................... 12103 .......................... TR 

512 ......................... 12104 .......................... TR 

517(b), (c) [part] .... 12012 .......................... RR 

CH. 32: 

524 ......................... 12011 .......................... TR 

CH. 34: 

591 ......................... 12201 .......................... TR 

592 ......................... 12202 .......................... TR 

593 ......................... 12203 .......................... TR 

594 ......................... 12204 .......................... TR 

595 ......................... 12208 .......................... TR 

596 ......................... 12205 .......................... TR 

597 ......................... 12241 .......................... TR 

598 ......................... 12242 .......................... TR 

599 ......................... 12243 .......................... TR 

600 ......................... 12209 .......................... TR 

600a ....................... 12210 .......................... TR 

CH. 36: 

644 ......................... 123 .............................. RR 

CH. 37: 

652 ......................... 10205 .......................... RR 

CH. 39: 

672 ......................... 12301 .......................... TR 

673 ......................... 12302 .......................... TR 

673a ....................... 12303 .......................... TR 

673b ....................... 12304 .......................... TR 

673c ........................ 12305 .......................... TR 

674 ......................... 12306 .......................... TR 

675 ......................... 12307 .......................... TR 

676 ......................... 12308 .......................... TR 

677 ......................... 12309 .......................... TR 

678 ......................... 12310 .......................... TR 

679 ......................... 12311 .......................... TR 
xlix ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

680 ......................... 12312 .......................... TR 

681 ......................... 12313 .......................... TR 

682 ......................... 12314 .......................... TR 

683 ......................... 12315 .......................... TR 

684 ......................... 12316 .......................... TR 

685 ......................... 12317 .......................... TR 

686 ......................... 12318 .......................... TR 

687 ......................... 12319 .......................... TR 

689 ......................... 12320 .......................... TR 

690 ......................... 12321 .......................... TR 

CH. 41: 

715 ......................... 12501 .......................... RR 

CH. 51: 

1001 ....................... 12641 .......................... TR 

1002 ....................... 12642 .......................... TR 

1003 ....................... [none] ......................... R

1004(a), (b) ............ 10206 .......................... RR 

1004(c) ................... 12644 .......................... TR 

1005 ....................... 12645 .......................... TR 

1006 ....................... 12646 .......................... TR 

1007 ....................... 12647 .......................... TR 

CH. 53: 

1033 ....................... 12601 .......................... RR 

CH. 59: 

1162(a) ................... 12681 .......................... RR 

1162(b) ................... 12682 .......................... RR 

1163(a) ................... 12683 .......................... RR 

1163(b) ................... 12684 .......................... RR 

1163(c) ................... 12685 .......................... RR 

1163(d) ................... 12686 .......................... RR 

CH. 67: 

1331 ....................... 12731 .......................... TR 

1331a ..................... 12731a ........................ TR 

1332 ....................... 12732 .......................... TR 

1333 ....................... 12733 .......................... TR 

1334 ....................... 12734 .......................... TR 

1335 ....................... 12735 .......................... TR 

1336 ....................... 12736 .......................... TR 

1337 ....................... 12737 .......................... TR 

1338 ....................... 12738 .......................... TR 

CH. 69: 

1374(a), (c) ............. [none] ......................... R

1374(b), (f) ............. 12771 .......................... RR 

1374(e) ................... 12772 .......................... RR 

1374(d) ................... 12773 .......................... RR 

1376(a) ................... 12774(a) ..................... RR 

CH. 71: 

1401 ....................... 12739 .......................... [amended] 
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES l 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

CH. 101: 

2001 ....................... 10141(c) ...................... RR 

CH. 105: 

2128(a)–(e) ............. 16201 .......................... TR 

2129 ....................... 16202 .......................... TR 

2130(a), (b) ............ 16203 .......................... TR 

2130(c) ................... 16204 .......................... RR 

CH. 106: 

2131 ....................... 16131 .......................... TR 

2132 ....................... 16132 .......................... TR 

2133 ....................... 16133 .......................... TR 

2134 ....................... 16134 .......................... TR 

2135 ....................... 16135 .......................... TR 

2136 ....................... 16136 .......................... TR 

2137 ....................... 16137 .......................... TR 

CH. 109: 

2171 ....................... 16301 .......................... [amended] 

2172 ....................... 16302 .......................... TR 

CH. 133: 

2231 ....................... 18231 .......................... TR 

2232 ....................... 18232 .......................... TR 

2233 ....................... 18233 .......................... TR 

2233a ..................... 18233a ........................ TR 

2234 ....................... 18234 .......................... TR 

2235 ....................... 18235 .......................... TR 

2236 ....................... 18236 .......................... TR 

2237 ....................... 18237 .......................... TR 

2238 ....................... 18238 .......................... TR 

2239 ....................... 18239 .......................... TR 

CH. 152: 

2540 ....................... 18502 .......................... RR 

[Subtitle B sections] 

CH. 303: 

3021 ....................... 10302 .......................... TR 

CH. 307: 

3076 ....................... 10104 .......................... RR 

3077 ....................... 10105 .......................... RR 

3078 ....................... 10106 .......................... RR 

3079 ....................... 10107 .......................... RR 

3080 ....................... 10215 .......................... RR 

3082 ....................... 10542 .......................... TR 

CH. 331: 

3212 ....................... 12009 .......................... RR 

3217 ....................... 12003 .......................... RR 

3218 ....................... 12004 .......................... RR 

3219 ....................... 12005 .......................... RR 

3220 ....................... 12007 .......................... RR 
li ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

3221 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

3222 ....................... 12002 .......................... RR 

3223 ....................... 12008 .......................... RR 

3224 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

3225 ....................... 12002 .......................... RR 

CH. 333: 

3259 ....................... 12105 .......................... RR 

3260 ....................... 12106 .......................... RR 

3261 ....................... 12107 .......................... RR 

CH. 337: 

3351 ....................... 12211 .......................... TR 

3352 ....................... 12213 .......................... TR 

3353 ....................... 12207 .......................... R

3354–70 ................. CH. 1401–1411 .......... R

3371 ....................... [none] ......................... RR 

3375 ....................... 14314(a) ..................... RR 

3378 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3380 ....................... 14311(e) ...................... RR 

3382 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3383 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3384 ....................... 14315 .......................... RR 

3385 ....................... 14308(f) ...................... RR 

3386 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3388 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3389 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3390 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3392 ....................... 12215 .......................... RR 

3393 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3394 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3395 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3396 ....................... [none] ......................... R

CH. 341: 

3495 ....................... 12401 .......................... RR 

3496 ....................... 12402 .......................... RR 

3497 ....................... 12403 .......................... RR 

3498 ....................... 12404 .......................... RR 

3499 ....................... 12405 .......................... RR 

3500 ....................... 12406 .......................... RR 

3501 ....................... 12407 .......................... RR 

3502 ....................... 12408 .......................... RR 

CH. 343: 

3541 ....................... 10507 .......................... RR 

3542 ....................... 12502 .......................... RR 

CH. 353: 

3686 ....................... 12602 .......................... RR 

CH. 361: 

3819(a) ................... [none] ......................... R

3819(b) ................... 14403(a)(2) ................. RR 
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES lii 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

3820(a), (b) ............ 14907 .......................... RR 

3820(c) ................... [none] ......................... R

CH. 363: 

3843(a) ................... 14510 .......................... RR 

3843(b) ................... [none] ......................... R

3844 ....................... 14511 .......................... RR 

3845 ....................... 14512 .......................... RR 

3846 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3848 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3850 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3851 ....................... 14508(a) ..................... RR 

3852 ....................... 14508(b) ..................... RR 

3853 ....................... 14706 .......................... RR 

3854 ....................... [none] ......................... R

3855 ....................... 14703 .......................... RR 

[Subtitle C sections] 

CH. 519: 

5251(a), (b) ............ 10108 .......................... RR 

5251(c) ................... 10303 .......................... RR 

5252(a), (b) ............ 10109 .......................... RR 

5252(c) ................... 10304 .......................... RR 

CH. 531: 

5413 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

5414 ....................... 12003 .......................... RR 

CH. 533: 

5454 ....................... 12010 .......................... [nc] 

5456 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

5457(a) ................... 12004 .......................... RR 

5457(b)–(d) ............. 12005 .......................... RR 

5458(a) ................... 12004 .......................... RR 

5458(b)–(d) ............. 12005 .......................... RR 

CH. 535: 

5506 ....................... [none] ......................... R

CH. 541: 

5665 ....................... 14306 .......................... R

CH. 549: 

5891–5912 ............. CH. 1401–1411 .......... R

CH. 555: 

6017 ....................... 12774(b) ..................... RR 

6034 ....................... [none] ......................... R

CH. 573: 

6389(a)–(c) ............. [amended].

6389(d) ................... 14706 .......................... RR 

6389(e) ................... [none] ......................... R

6389(f)(1), (2) ......... 14508 .......................... RR 

6389(f)(3) ............... 14705 .......................... RR 

6389(g) ................... [none] ......................... R
liii ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

6391(a) ................... [none] ......................... R

6391(b) ................... 14512(b) ..................... RR 

6391(c) ................... [none] ......................... R

6392 ....................... 14703 .......................... RR 

6397 ....................... [none] ......................... R

6403 ....................... [none] ......................... R

6410 ....................... 14705 .......................... RR 

[Subtitle D sections] 

CH. 803: 

8021 ....................... 10305 .......................... TR 

CH. 807: 

8076 ....................... 10110 .......................... RR 

8077 ....................... 10111 .......................... RR 

8078 ....................... 10112 .......................... RR 

8079 ....................... 10113 .......................... RR 

8080 ....................... 10215 .......................... RR 

CH. 831: 

8212 ....................... 12009 .......................... RR 

8217 ....................... 12003 .......................... RR 

8218 ....................... 12004 .......................... RR 

8219 ....................... 12005 .......................... RR 

8221 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

8222 ....................... 12002 .......................... RR 

8223 ....................... 12008 .......................... RR 

8224 ....................... 12001 .......................... RR 

8225 ....................... 12002 .......................... RR 

CH. 833: 

8259 ....................... 12105 .......................... RR 

8260 ....................... 12106 .......................... RR 

8261 ....................... 12107 .......................... RR 

CH. 837: 

8351 ....................... 12212 .......................... TR 

8352 ....................... 12214 .......................... TR 

8353 ....................... 12207 .......................... R

8354–72 ................. [Ch. 1401–1407] ........ R

8373 ....................... 14301(e), 14315 ......... RR 

8374 ....................... 14308(f) ...................... RR 

8375 ....................... 14314(a) ..................... RR 

8376 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8377 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8378 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8379 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8380 ....................... 14311(e) ...................... RR 

8381 ....................... 14314(b) ..................... RR 

8392 ....................... 12215 .......................... RR 

8393 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8394 ....................... [none] ......................... R
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES liv 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #1—Continued 

(DISPOSITIONS) 

PREVIOUS 

SECTION

SUBTITLE E 

SECTION

Transfer (TR), 

Repeal (R), or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

8395 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8396 ....................... [none] ......................... R

CH. 841: 

8495 ....................... 12401 .......................... RR 

8496 ....................... 12402 .......................... RR 

8497 ....................... 12403 .......................... RR 

8498 ....................... 12404 .......................... RR 

8499 ....................... 12405 .......................... RR 

8500 ....................... 12406 .......................... RR 

8501 ....................... 12407 .......................... RR 

8502 ....................... 12408 .......................... RR 

CH. 843: 

8541 ....................... 10507 .......................... RR 

8542 ....................... 12502 .......................... RR 

CH. 853: 

8686 ....................... 12602 .......................... RR 

CH. 861: 

8819 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8820 ....................... 14907 .......................... RR 

CH. 863: 

8843 ....................... 14510 .......................... RR 

8844 ....................... 14511 .......................... RR 

8845 ....................... 14512 .......................... RR 

8846 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8848 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8850 ....................... [none] ......................... R

8851 ....................... 14508(a) ..................... RR 

8852 ....................... 14508(b) ..................... RR 

8853 ....................... 14706 .......................... RR 

8855 ....................... 14703 .......................... RR 
lv ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

Source of Sections of Subtitle E Resulting From ROPMA 

Reorganization 

Table #2 shows the source of each section of subtitle E of title 

10, United States Code (added by ROPMA), that (A) was transferred to that subtitle from a previous provision of title 10, or (B) 

is a restatement (without substantive revision) in that subtitle of 

a previously existing provision of title 10. 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

PART I—ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 

CH. 1001: 

10001 ............ [none] 

CH. 1003: 

10101 ............ 261(a) ........................... RR 

10102 ............ 262 ............................... RR 

10103 ............ 263 ............................... RR 

10104 ............ 3076 ............................. RR 

10105 ............ 3077 ............................. RR 

10106 ............ 3078 ............................. RR 

10107 ............ 3079 ............................. RR 

10108 ............ 5251(a), (b) .................. RR 

10109 ............ 5252(a), (b) .................. RR 

10110 ............ 8076 ............................. RR 

10111 ............ 8077 ............................. RR 

10112 ............ 8078 ............................. RR 

10113 ............ 8079 ............................. RR 

10114 ............ [none] 

CH. 1005: 

10141(a), (b) 267 ............................... RR 

10141(c) ........ 2001 ............................. RR 

10142 ............ 268(a) ........................... RR 

10143 ............ 268(b), (c) ..................... RR 

10144 ............ [none] 

10145 ............ 269(a)–(d) ..................... RR 

10146 ............ 269(e)–(g) ..................... RR 

10147 ............ 270(a) ........................... RR 

10148 ............ 270(b), (c) ..................... RR 

10149 ............ 271 ............................... RR 

10150 ............ 272 ............................... RR 

10151 ............ 273(a) ........................... RR 

10152 ............ 273(b) ........................... RR 

10153 ............ 273(c) ........................... RR 

10154 ............ 274 ............................... RR 

CH. 1007: 

10201 ............ [none] 

10202 ............ 280 ............................... RR 
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES lvi 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

10203 ............ 264(a) ........................... RR 

10204 ............ 275 ............................... RR 

10205 ............ 652 ............................... RR 

10206 ............ 1004(a), (b) .................. RR 

10207 ............ 276 ............................... RR 

10208 ............ 552(e) of P.L. 98–525 .. RR 

10209 ............ 277 ............................... RR 

10210 ............ 278 ............................... RR 

10211 ............ 265 ............................... RR 

10212 ............ 279 ............................... RR 

10213 ............ 261(b) ........................... RR 

10214 ............ 281 ............................... RR 

10215 ............ 3080, 8080 ................... RR 

CH. 1009: 

10301 ............ 175 ............................... RR 

10302 ............ 3021 ............................. TR 

10303 ............ 5251(c) ......................... RR 

10304 ............ 5252(c) ......................... RR 

10305 ............ 8021 ............................. TR 

CH. 1011: 

10501 ............ 3040(a) ......................... RR 

10502 ............ 3040(b),(c) .................... RR 

10503 ............ [new] ............................

10504 ............ [new] ............................

10505 ............ [new] ............................

10506 ............ [new] ............................

10507 ............ 3541, 8541 ................... RR 

10508 ............ [new], ...........................

CH. 1013: 

10541 ............ 115b ............................. TR 

10542 ............ 3082 ............................. TR 

PART II—PERSONNEL GENERALLY 

CH. 1201: 

12001 ............ 3221, 3224, 5413, 

5456, 8221, 8224.

RR 

12002 ............ 3222, 3225, 8222, 8225 RR 

12003 ............ 3217, 5414, 8217 ......... RR 

12004 ............ 3218, 5457(a), 5458(a), 

8218.

RR 

12005 ............ 3219, 5457(b)–(d), 

5458(b)–(d), 8219.

RR 

12006 ............ [none] 

12007 ............ 3220 ............................. RR 

12008 ............ 3223, 8223 ................... RR 

12009 ............ 3212, 8212 ................... RR 

12010 ............ 5454 .............................

12011 ............ 524 ............................... TR 

12012 ............ 517(b), (c) [part] .......... RR 
lvii ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

CH. 1203: 

12101 ............ 501 

12102 ............ 510 ............................... TR 

12103 ............ 511 ............................... TR 

12104 ............ 512 ............................... TR 

12105 ............ 3259, 8259 ................... RR 

12106 ............ 3260, 8260 ................... RR 

12107 ............ 3261, 8261 ................... RR 

CH. 1205: 

12201 ............ 591 ............................... TR 

12202 ............ 592 ............................... TR 

12203 ............ 593 ............................... TR 

12204 ............ 594 ............................... TR 

12205 ............ 596 ............................... TR 

12206 ............ [none] ...........................

12207 ............ 3353, 5600, 8353 ......... RR 

12208 ............ 595 ............................... TR 

12209 ............ 600 ............................... TR 

12210 ............ 600a ............................. TR 

12211 ............ 3351 ............................. TR 

12212 ............ 8351 ............................. TR 

12213 ............ 3352 ............................. TR 

12214 ............ 8352 ............................. TR 

12215 ............ 3392, 8392 ................... RR 

CH. 1207: 

12241 ............ 597 ............................... TR 

11242 ............ 598 ............................... TR 

11243 ............ 599 ............................... TR 

CH. 1209: 

12301 ............ 672 ............................... TR 

12302 ............ 673 ............................... TR 

12303 ............ 673a ............................. TR 

12304 ............ 673b ............................. TR 

12305 ............ 673c .............................. TR 

12306 ............ 674 ............................... TR 

12307 ............ 675 ............................... TR 

12308 ............ 676 ............................... TR 

12309 ............ 677 ............................... TR 

12310 ............ 678 ............................... TR 

12311 ............ 679 ............................... TR 

12312 ............ 680 ............................... TR 

12313 ............ 681 ............................... TR 

12314 ............ 682 ............................... TR 

12315 ............ 683 ............................... TR 

12316 ............ 684 ............................... TR 

12317 ............ 685 ............................... TR 

12318 ............ 686 ............................... TR 

12319 ............ 687 ............................... TR 
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES lviii 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

12320 ............ 689 ............................... TR 

12321 ............ 690 ............................... TR 

CH. 1211: 

12401 ............ 3495, 8495 ................... RR 

12402 ............ 3496, 8496 ................... RR 

12403 ............ 3497, 8497 ................... RR 

12404 ............ 3498, 8498 ................... RR 

12405 ............ 3499, 8499 ................... RR 

12406 ............ 3500, 8500 ................... RR 

12407 ............ 3501, 8501 ................... RR 

12408 ............ 3502, 8502 ................... RR 

CH. 1213: 

12501 ............ 715 ............................... RR 

12502 ............ 3542, 8542 ................... RR 

CH. 1215: 

[No present sections].

CH. 1217: 

12601 ............ 1033 ............................. RR 

12602 ............ 3686, 8686 ................... RR 

CH. 1219: 

12641 ............ 1001 ............................. TR 

12642 ............ 1002 ............................. TR 

12643 ............ 266 ............................... TR 

12644 ............ 1004(c) ......................... TR 

12645 ............ 1005 ............................. TR 

12646 ............ 1006 ............................. TR 

12467 ............ 1007 ............................. TR 

CH. 1221: 

12681 ............ 1162(a) ......................... RR 

12682 ............ 1162(b) ......................... RR 

12683 ............ 1163(a) ......................... RR 

12684 ............ 1163(b) ......................... RR 

12685 ............ 1163(c) ......................... RR 

12686 ............ 1163(d) ......................... RR 

CH. 1223: 

12731 ............ 1331 ............................. TR 

12731a .......... 1331a ........................... TR 

12732 ............ 1332 ............................. TR 

12733 ............ 1333 ............................. TR 

12734 ............ 1334 ............................. TR 

12735 ............ 1335 ............................. TR 

12736 ............ 1336 ............................. TR 

12737 ............ 1337 ............................. TR 

12738 ............ 1338 ............................. TR 

12739 ............ 1401 ............................. Amended 

CH. 1225: 

12771 ............ 1374(b), (f) ................... RR 

12772 ............ 1374(e) ......................... RR 
lix ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

12773 ............ 1374(d) ......................... RR 

12774 ............ 1376(a), 6017 ............... RR 

PART III—PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF OFFICERS ON THE 

RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST 

[The provisions of part III (chapters 1401–1411) set out the revised 

officer personnel policies of ROPMA] 

CH. 1401: 

14001 ............

14002 ............

14003 ............

14004 ............

14005 ............

14006 ............

CH. 1403: 

14101 ............

14102 ............

14103 ............

14104 ............

14105 ............

14106 ............

14107 ............

14108 ............

14109 ............

14110 ............

14111 ............

14112 ............

CH. 1405: 

14301 ............

14302 ............

14303 ............

14304 ............

14305 ............

14306 ............

14307 ............

14308 ............

14309 ............

14310 ............

14311 ............

14312 ............

14313 ............

14314 ............

14315 ............

14316 ............

14317 ............

CH. 1407: 

14501 ............

14502 ............

14503 ............
ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES lx 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

14504 ............

14505 ............

14506 ............

14507 ............

14508 ............

14509 ............

14510 ............

14511 ............

14512 ............

14513 ............

14514 ............

14515 ............

14516 ............

14517 ............

CH. 1409: 

14701 ............

14702 ............

14703 ............

14704 ............

14705 ............

14706 ............

CH. 1411: 

14901 ............

14902 ............

14903 ............

14904 ............

14905 ............

14906 ............

14907 ............

PART IV—TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND 

EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

CH. 1601: 

[No present sections].

CH. 1606: 

16131 ............ 2131 ............................. TR 

16132 ............ 2132 ............................. TR 

16133 ............ 2133 ............................. TR 

16134 ............ 2134 ............................. TR 

16135 ............ 2135 ............................. TR 

16136 ............ 2136 ............................. TR 

16137 ............ 2137 ............................. TR 

CH. 1608: 

16201 ............ 2128(a)–(e) ................... TR 

16202 ............ 2129 ............................. TR 

16203 ............ 2130(a), (b) .................. TR 

16204 ............ 2130(c) ......................... RR 
lxi ROPMA CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES 

ROPMA Cross-Reference Table #2—Continued 

(SOURCES) 

SUBTITLE E

SECTION 

SOURCE

SECTION 

Transfer (TR) or 

Repeal & Reenact (RR) 

CH. 1609: 

16301 ............ 2171 ............................. Amended 

16302 ............ 2172 ............................. TR 

PART V—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

CH. 1801: 

[No present sections].

CH. 1803: 

18231 ............ 2231 ............................. TR 

18232 ............ 2232 ............................. TR 

18233 ............ 2233 ............................. TR 

18233a .......... 2233a ........................... TR 

18234 ............ 2234 ............................. TR 

18235 ............ 2235 ............................. TR 

18236 ............ 2236 ............................. TR 

18237 ............ 2237 ............................. TR 

18238 ............ 2238 ............................. TR 

18239 ............ 2239 ............................. TR 

CH. 1805: 

18501 ............ 264(b) ........................... RR 

18502 ............ 2540 ............................. RR 

1689 

Subtitle B—Army 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

301. Definitions ....................................................................... 3001 

303. Department of the Army ................................................ 3011 

305. The Army Staff ................................................................ 3031 

307. The Army ......................................................................... 3061 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

331. Strength ........................................................................... 3201 

333. Enlistments ..................................................................... 3251 

335. Appointments in the Regular Army .............................. 3281 

[337. Repealed.] 

339. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 3441 

341. Active Duty ...................................................................... 3491 

343. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 3531 

345. Rank and Command ....................................................... 3571 

[347. Repealed.] 

349. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 3631 

[351. Repealed.] 

353. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 3681 

355. Hospitalization ................................................................ 3721 

357. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 3741 

[359. Repealed.] 

[360. Repealed.] 

[361. Repealed.] 

[363. Repealed.] 

[365. Repealed.] 

367. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 3911 

369. Retired Grade .................................................................. 3961 

371. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 3991 

373. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 4021 

375. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 4061 

PART III—TRAINING 

401. Training Generally .......................................................... 4301 

403. United States Military Academy ................................... 4331 

[405. Repealed.] 

407. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 4411 
1690 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

[431. Repealed.] 

433. Procurement .................................................................... 4531 

434. Armaments Industrial Base ........................................... 4551 

435. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 4561 

437. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 4591 

439. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 4621 

441. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 4651 

443. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 4681 

445. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons; Captured 

Flags ............................................................................. 4711 

447. Transportation ................................................................ 4741 

449. Real Property .................................................................. 4771 

451. Military Claims ............................................................... 4801 

453. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 4831 
1691 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

301. Definitions ....................................................................... 3001 

303. Department of the Army ................................................ 3011 

305. The Army Staff ................................................................ 3031 

307. The Army ......................................................................... 3061 

1693 

CHAPTER 301—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

3001. Definitions. 

§ 3001. Definitions 

In this title, the term ‘‘Army’’ means the Army or Armies referred to in the Constitution of the United States, less that part established by law as the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 157; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(k)(8), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 

284.) 
1694 

CHAPTER 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

Sec. 

3011. Organization. 

3012. Department of the Army: seal. 

3013. Secretary of the Army. 

3014. Office of the Secretary of the Army. 

3015. Under Secretary of the Army. 

3016. Assistant Secretaries of the Army. 

3017. Secretary of the Army: successors to duties. 

3018. Administrative Assistant. 

3019. General Counsel. 

3020. Inspector General. 

3021. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

3022. Financial management. 

3023. Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

3024. Director of Small Business Programs. 

[§ 3010. Renumbered 3011] 

§ 3011. Organization 

The Department of the Army is separately organized under the 

Secretary of the Army. It operates under the authority, direction, 

and control of the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 87–651, title II, Sec. 210(a), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 524, Sec. 3010; renumbered 

Sec. 3011, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1034.) 

§ 3012. Department of the Army: seal 

The Secretary of the Army shall have a seal for the Department of the Army. The design of the seal must be approved by the 

President. Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 157, Sec. 3011; renumbered Sec. 3012, Pub. L. 99–433, title 

V, Sec. 501(a)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1034.) 

§ 3013. Secretary of the Army 

(a)(1) There is a Secretary of the Army, appointed from civilian 

life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate. The Secretary is the head of the Department of the Army. 

(2) A person may not be appointed as Secretary of the Army 

within five years after relief from active duty as a commissioned 

officer of a regular component of an armed force. 

(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense and subject to the provisions of chapter 6 of this 

title, the Secretary of the Army is responsible for, and has the authority necessary to conduct, all affairs of the Department of the 

Army, including the following functions: 

(1) Recruiting. 

(2) Organizing. 

(3) Supplying. 

(4) Equipping (including research and development). 

(5) Training. 

(6) Servicing. 
1695 § 3013 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

(7) Mobilizing. 

(8) Demobilizing. 

(9) Administering (including the morale and welfare of personnel). 

(10) Maintaining. 

(11) The construction, outfitting, and repair of military 

equipment. 

(12) The construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings, structures, and utilities and the acquisition of real property and interests in real property necessary to carry out the 

responsibilities specified in this section. 

(c) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army is also responsible to 

the Secretary of Defense for— 

(1) the functioning and efficiency of the Department of the 

Army; 

(2) the formulation of policies and programs by the Department of the Army that are fully consistent with national security objectives and policies established by the President or the 

Secretary of Defense; 

(3) the effective and timely implementation of policy, program, and budget decisions and instructions of the President 

or the Secretary of Defense relating to the functions of the Department of the Army; 

(4) carrying out the functions of the Department of the 

Army so as to fulfill the current and future operational requirements of the unified and specified combatant commands; 

(5) effective cooperation and coordination between the Department of the Army and the other military departments and 

agencies of the Department of Defense to provide for more effective, efficient, and economical administration and to eliminate duplication; 

(6) the presentation and justification of the positions of the 

Department of the Army on the plans, programs, and policies 

of the Department of Defense; and 

(7) the effective supervision and control of the intelligence 

activities of the Department of the Army. 

(d) The Secretary of the Army is also responsible for such other 

activities as may be prescribed by law or by the President or Secretary of Defense. 

(e) After first informing the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 

of the Army may make such recommendations to Congress relating 

to the Department of Defense as he considers appropriate. 

(f) The Secretary of the Army may assign such of his functions, 

powers, and duties as he considers appropriate to the Under Secretary of the Army and to the Assistant Secretaries of the Army. 

Officers of the Army shall, as directed by the Secretary, report on 

any matter to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, or any Assistant 

Secretary. 

(g) The Secretary of the Army may— 

(1) assign, detail, and prescribe the duties of members of 

the Army and civilian personnel of the Department of the 

Army; 
§ 3014 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 1696 

(2) change the title of any officer or activity of the Department of the Army not prescribed by law; and 

(3) prescribe regulations to carry out his functions, powers, 

and duties under this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1035; amended Pub. L. 

99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 534, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3873; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title 

IX, Sec. 901, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1558.) 

§ 3014. Office of the Secretary of the Army 

(a) There is in the Department of the Army an Office of the 

Secretary of the Army. The function of the Office is to assist the 

Secretary of the Army in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Office of the Secretary of the Army is composed of the 

following: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Army. 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Army. 

(3) The Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the 

Army. 

(4) The General Counsel of the Department of the Army. 

(5) The Inspector General of the Army. 

(6) The Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

(7) The Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

(8) Such other offices and officials as may be established 

by law or as the Secretary of the Army may establish or designate. 

(c)(1) The Office of the Secretary of the Army shall have sole 

responsibility within the Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff 

for the following functions: 

(A) Acquisition. 

(B) Auditing. 

(C) Comptroller (including financial management). 

(D) Information management. 

(E) Inspector General. 

(F) Legislative affairs. 

(G) Public affairs. 

(2) The Secretary of the Army shall establish or designate a 

single office or other entity within the Office of the Secretary of the 

Army to conduct each function specified in paragraph (1). No office 

or other entity may be established or designated within the Army 

Staff to conduct any of the functions specified in paragraph (1). 

(3) The Secretary shall prescribe the relationship of each office 

or other entity established or designated under paragraph (2) to 

the Chief of Staff and to the Army Staff and shall ensure that each 

such office or entity provides the Chief of Staff such staff support 

as the Chief of Staff considers necessary to perform his duties and 

responsibilities. 

(4) The vesting in the Office of the Secretary of the Army of 

the responsibility for the conduct of a function specified in paragraph (1) does not preclude other elements of the executive part of 

the Department of the Army (including the Army Staff) from providing advice or assistance to the Chief of Staff or otherwise participating in that function within the executive part of the Department under the direction of the office assigned responsibility for 

that function in the Office of the Secretary of the Army. 
1697 § 3015 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

(5) The head of the office or other entity established or designated by the Secretary to conduct the auditing function shall 

have at least five years of professional experience in accounting or 

auditing. The position shall be considered to be a career reserved 

position as defined in section 3132(a)(8) of title 5. 

(d)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Office of the Secretary of 

the Army shall have sole responsibility within the Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff for the function of research and development. 

(2) The Secretary of the Army may assign to the Army Staff 

responsibility for those aspects of the function of research and development that relate to military requirements and test and evaluation. 

(3) The Secretary shall establish or designate a single office or 

other entity within the Office of the Secretary of the Army to conduct the function specified in paragraph (1). 

(4) The Secretary shall prescribe the relationship of the office 

or other entity established or designated under paragraph (3) to 

the Chief of Staff of the Army and to the Army Staff and shall ensure that each such office or entity provides the Chief of Staff such 

staff support as the Chief of Staff considers necessary to perform 

his duties and responsibilities. 

(e) The Secretary of the Army shall ensure that the Office of 

the Secretary of the Army and the Army Staff do not duplicate specific functions for which the Secretary has assigned responsibility 

to the other. 

(f)(1) The total number of members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of the Army assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army 

and on the Army Staff may not exceed 3,105. 

(2) Not more than 1,865 officers of the Army on the active-duty 

list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office 

of the Secretary of the Army and on the Army Staff. 

(3) The total number of general officers assigned or detailed to 

permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army and on 

the Army Staff may not exceed 67. 

(4) The limitations in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) do not apply 

in time of war or during a national emergency declared by the 

President or Congress. The limitation in paragraph (2) does not 

apply whenever the President determines that it is in the national 

interest to increase the number of officers assigned or detailed to 

permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army or on 

the Army Staff. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1036; amended Pub. L. 

100–180, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1314(b)(7), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1175; Pub. L. 100–456, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 325(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

652(a)(4), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(a)(27), Dec. 

28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(c)(2), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2532.) 

§ 3015. Under Secretary of the Army 

(a) There is an Under Secretary of the Army, appointed from 

civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent 

of the Senate. 
§ 3016 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 1698 

(b) The Under Secretary shall perform such duties and exercise 

such powers as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1037.) 

§ 3016. Assistant Secretaries of the Army 

(a) There are five Assistant Secretaries of the Army. They shall 

be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the 

advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b)(1) The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such duties and 

exercise such powers as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe. 

(2) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. He shall 

have as his principal duty the overall supervision of manpower and 

reserve component affairs of the Department of the Army. 

(3) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works. He shall have as his principal 

duty the overall supervision of the functions of the Department of 

the Army relating to programs for conservation and development of 

the national water resources, including flood control, navigation, 

shore protection, and related purposes. 

(4) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management. The Assistant Secretary shall have as his principal responsibility the exercise of the 

comptroller functions of the Department of the Army, including financial management functions. The Assistant Secretary shall be 

responsible for all financial management activities and operations 

of the Department of the Army and shall advise the Secretary of 

the Army on financial management. 

(5)(A) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant 

Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. 

The principal duty of the Assistant Secretary shall be the overall 

supervision of acquisition, technology, and logistics matters of the 

Department of the Army. 

(B) The Assistant Secretary shall have a Principal Military 

Deputy, who shall be a lieutenant general of the Army on active 

duty. The Principal Military Deputy shall be appointed from among 

officers who have significant experience in the areas of acquisition 

and program management. The position of Principal Military Deputy shall be designated as a critical acquisition position under section 1733 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1038; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1992; Pub. L. 110–181, div. 

A, title IX, Sec. 908(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 278.) 

§ 3017. Secretary of the Army: successors to duties 

If the Secretary of the Army dies, resigns, is removed from office, is absent, or is disabled, the person who is highest on the following list, and who is not absent or disabled, shall perform the duties of the Secretary until the President, under section 3347 of title 

5, directs another person to perform those duties or until the absence or disability ceases: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Army. 
1699 § 3020 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Army, in the order prescribed by the Secretary of the Army and approved by the Secretary of Defense. 

(3) The General Counsel of the Department of the Army. 

(4) The Chief of Staff. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 159; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 23, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1118; 

Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(7), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(6), 

Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 902(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2823.) 

§ 3018. Administrative Assistant 

(a) There is an Administrative Assistant in the Department of 

the Army. The Administrative Assistant shall be appointed by the 

Secretary of the Army and shall perform duties that the Secretary 

considers appropriate. 

(b) During a vacancy in the office of Secretary, the Administrative Assistant has charge and custody of all records, books, and papers of the Department of the Army. 

(c) The Secretary may authorize the Administrative Assistant 

to sign, during the temporary absence of the Secretary, any paper 

requiring his signature. In such a case, the Administrative Assistant’s signature has the same effect as the Secretary’s signature. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 159, Sec. 3016; renumbered Sec. 3018, Pub. L. 99–433, title 

V, Sec. 501(a)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1034.) 

§ 3019. General Counsel 

(a) There is a General Counsel of the Department of the Army, 

appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b) The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the 

Secretary of the Army may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(7), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1038; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 703(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1996.) 

§ 3020. Inspector General 

(a) There is an Inspector General of the Army who shall be detailed to such position by the Secretary of the Army from the general officers of the Army. An officer may not be detailed to such position for a tour of duty of more than four years, except that the 

Secretary may extend such a tour of duty if he makes a special 

finding that the extension is necessary in the public interest. 

(b) When directed by the Secretary or the Chief of Staff, the 

Inspector General shall— 

(1) inquire into and report upon the discipline, efficiency, 

and economy of the Army; and 

(2) perform any other duties prescribed by the Secretary or 

the Chief of Staff. 

(c) The Inspector General shall periodically propose programs 

of inspections to the Secretary of the Army and shall recommend 

additional inspections and investigations as may appear appropriate. 

(d) The Inspector General shall cooperate fully with the Inspector General of the Department of Defense in connection with the 

performance of any duty or function by the Inspector General of the 
§ 3021 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 1700 

Department of Defense under the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 

U.S.C. App. 3) regarding the Department of the Army. 

(e) The Inspector General shall have such deputies and assistants as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe. Each such deputy 

and assistant shall be an officer detailed by the Secretary to that 

position from the officers of the Army for a tour of duty of not more 

than four years, under a procedure prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(7), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1038.) 

§ 3021. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee 

There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Army an Army 

Reserve Forces Policy Committee. The functions, membership, and 

organization of that committee are set forth in section 10302 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(4)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2982.) 

§ 3022. Financial management 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall provide that the Assistant 

Secretary of the Army for Financial Management shall direct and 

manage financial management activities and operations of the Department of the Army, including ensuring that financial management systems of the Department of the Army comply with subsection (b). The authority of the Assistant Secretary for such direction and management shall include the authority to— 

(1) supervise and direct the preparation of budget estimates of the Department of the Army and otherwise carry out, 

with respect to the Department of the Army, the functions 

specified for the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) in 

section 135(c) of this title; 

(2) approve and supervise any project to design or enhance 

a financial management system for the Department of the 

Army; and 

(3) approve the establishment and supervise the operation 

of any asset management system of the Department of the 

Army, including— 

(A) systems for cash management, credit management, 

and debt collection; and 

(B) systems for the accounting for the quantity, location, and cost of property and inventory. 

(b)(1) Financial management systems of the Department of the 

Army (including accounting systems, internal control systems, and 

financial reporting systems) shall be established and maintained in 

conformance with— 

(A) the accounting and financial reporting principles, 

standards, and requirements established by the Comptroller 

General under section 3511 of title 31; and 

(B) the internal control standards established by the 

Comptroller General under section 3512 of title 31. 

(2) Such systems shall provide for— 

(A) complete, reliable, consistent, and timely information 

which is prepared on a uniform basis and which is responsive 

to the financial information needs of department management; 

(B) the development and reporting of cost information; 
1701 § 3024 CH. 303—DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

(C) the integration of accounting and budgeting information; and 

(D) the systematic measurement of performance. 

(c) The Assistant Secretary shall maintain a five-year plan describing the activities the Department of the Army proposes to conduct over the next five fiscal years to improve financial management. Such plan shall be revised annually. 

(d) The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management shall transmit to the Secretary of the Army a report each 

year on the activities of the Assistant Secretary during the preceding year. Each such report shall include a description and analysis of the status of Department of the Army financial management. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(a)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1993; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(a)(15), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2856; Pub. L. 104– 

106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512.) 

§ 3023. Chief of Legislative Liaison 

(a) There is a Chief of Legislative Liaison in the Department 

of the Army. An officer assigned to that position shall be an officer 

in the grade of major general. 

(b) The Chief of Legislative Liaison shall perform legislative affairs functions as specified for the Office of the Secretary of the 

Army by section 3014(c)(1)(F) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(c)(1)(A), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2531.) 

§ 3024. Director of Small Business Programs 

(a) DIRECTOR.—There is a Director of Small Business Programs 

in the Department of the Army. The Director is appointed by the 

Secretary of the Army. 

(b) OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS.—The Office of 

Small Business Programs of the Department of the Army is the office that is established within the Department of the Army under 

section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)). The Director of Small Business Programs is the head of such office. 

(c) DUTIES AND POWERS.—(1) The Director of Small Business 

Programs shall, subject to paragraph (2), perform such duties regarding small business programs of the Department of the Army, 

and shall exercise such powers regarding those programs, as the 

Secretary of the Army may prescribe. 

(2) Section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)), 

except for the designations of the Director and the Office, applies 

to the Director of Small Business Programs. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(c)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3400.) 
1702 

CHAPTER 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

Sec. 

3031. The Army Staff: function; composition. 

3032. The Army Staff: general duties. 

3033. Chief of Staff. 

3034. Vice Chief of Staff. 

3035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

3036. Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties. 

3037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General’s Corps: appointment; duties. 

3038. Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

3039. Deputy and assistant chiefs of branches. 

[3040. Repealed.] 

§ 3031. The Army Staff: function; composition 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Army an Army Staff. The function of the Army Staff is to assist 

the Secretary of the Army in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Army Staff is composed of the following: 

(1) The Chief of Staff. 

(2) The Vice Chief of Staff. 

(3) The Deputy Chiefs of Staff. 

(4) The Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

(5) The Chief of Engineers. 

(6) The Surgeon General of the Army. 

(7) The Judge Advocate General of the Army. 

(8) The Chief of Chaplains of the Army. 

(9) The Chief of Army Reserve. 

(10) Other members of the Army assigned or detailed to 

the Army Staff. 

(11) Civilian employees of the Department of the Army assigned or detailed to the Army Staff. 

(c) Except as otherwise specifically prescribed by law, the Army 

Staff shall be organized in such manner, and its members shall 

perform such duties and have such titles, as the Secretary may 

prescribe. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 150; Pub. L. 93–547, Dec. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1742; Pub. L. 

93–608, Sec. 1(6), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1968; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 515, Oct. 19, 1984, 

98 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(a), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1039.) 

§ 3032. The Army Staff: general duties 

(a) The Army Staff shall furnish professional assistance to the 

Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Assistant Secretaries of 

the Army and to the Chief of Staff of the Army. 

(b) Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary 

of the Army, the Army Staff shall— 

(1) subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 3014 of this 

title, prepare for such employment of the Army, and for such 

recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including those 

aspects of research and development assigned by the Secretary 
1703 § 3033 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

of the Army), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Army, as will assist in the 

execution of any power, duty, or function of the Secretary or 

the Chief of Staff; 

(2) investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Army 

and its preparation to support military operations by combatant commands; 

(3) prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and 

instructions; 

(4) as directed by the Secretary or the Chief of Staff, coordinate the action of organizations of the Army; and 

(5) perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by 

law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 161; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 4(g), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 517; 

Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1040.) 

§ 3033. Chief of Staff 

(a)(1) There is a Chief of Staff of the Army, appointed for a period of four years by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from the general officers of the Army. He serves 

at the pleasure of the President. In time of war or during a national emergency declared by Congress, he may be reappointed for 

a term of not more than four years. 

(2) The President may appoint an officer as Chief of Staff only 

if— 

(A) the officer has had significant experience in joint duty 

assignments; and 

(B) such experience includes at least one full tour of duty 

in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(f) of this 

title) as a general officer. 

(3) The President may waive paragraph (2) in the case of an 

officer if the President determines such action is necessary in the 

national interest. 

(b) The Chief of Staff, while so serving, has the grade of general without vacating his permanent grade. 

(c) Except as otherwise prescribed by law and subject to section 

3013(f) of this title, the Chief of Staff performs his duties under the 

authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Army and 

is directly responsible to the Secretary. 

(d) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Army, the Chief of Staff shall— 

(1) preside over the Army Staff; 

(2) transmit the plans and recommendations of the Army 

Staff to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to 

such plans and recommendations; 

(3) after approval of the plans or recommendations of the 

Army Staff by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary 

in carrying them into effect; 

(4) exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members 

and organizations of the Army as the Secretary determines; 
§ 3034 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 1704 

(5) perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of 

this title and other provisions of law; and 

(6) perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the 

Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Army. 

(e)(1) The Chief of Staff shall also perform the duties prescribed for him as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under section 151 of this title. 

(2) To the extent that such action does not impair the independence of the Chief of Staff in the performance of his duties as 

a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff shall inform the Secretary regarding military advice rendered by members 

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters affecting the Department of 

the Army. 

(3) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Chief of Staff shall keep the Secretary of the 

Army fully informed of significant military operations affecting the 

duties and responsibilities of the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 162, Sec. 3034; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 4(a), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 

Stat. 516; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 114, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 90–22, title IV, 

Sec. 401, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 53; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(2), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 

2909; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 10(b)(4), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 137; renumbered Sec. 3033 and 

amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(c), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 100–456, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 519(a)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1972.) 

§ 3034. Vice Chief of Staff 

(a) There is a Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, appointed by the 

President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from 

the general officers of the Army. 

(b) The Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, while so serving, has 

the grade of general without vacating his permanent grade. 

(c) The Vice Chief of Staff has such authority and duties with 

respect to the Department of the Army as the Chief of Staff, with 

the approval of the Secretary of the Army, may delegate to or prescribe for him. Orders issued by the Vice Chief of Staff in performing such duties have the same effect as those issued by the 

Chief of Staff. 

(d) When there is a vacancy in the office of Chief of Staff or 

during the absence or disability of the Chief of Staff— 

(1) the Vice Chief of Staff shall perform the duties of the 

Chief of Staff until a successor is appointed or the absence or 

disability ceases; or 

(2) if there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice Chief of 

Staff or the Vice Chief of Staff is absent or disabled, unless the 

President directs otherwise, the most senior officer of the Army 

in the Army Staff who is not absent or disabled and who is not 

restricted in performance of duty shall perform the duties of 

the Chief of Staff until a successor to the Chief of Staff or the 

Vice Chief of Staff is appointed or until the absence or disability of the Chief of Staff or Vice Chief of Staff ceases, whichever occurs first. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 162, Sec. 3035; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 6(a), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 

Stat. 519; renumbered Sec. 3034 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(d), Oct. 1, 1986, 

100 Stat. 1041.) 
1705 § 3036 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

§ 3035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff 

(a) The Deputy Chiefs of Staff and the Assistant Chiefs of Staff 

shall be general officers detailed to those positions. 

(b) The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe the number of 

Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff, for a total of 

not more than eight positions. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(e), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1042; amended Pub. L. 110– 

181, div. A, title IX, Sec. 902(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 272.) 

§ 3036. Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties 

(a) There are in the Army the following officers: 

(1) Chief of Engineers. 

(2) Surgeon General. 

(3) Judge Advocate General. 

(4) Chief of Chaplains. 

(b) Each officer named in subsection (a), except the Judge Advocate General, shall be appointed by the President, by and with 

the advice and consent of the Senate, from officers above the grade 

of major who— 

(1) have shown by extensive duty in the branch concerned, 

or by similar duty, that they are qualified for the appointment; 

and 

(2) have been recommended by a board under subsection 

(e). 

Each officer covered by the preceding sentence, except the Surgeon 

General, shall be appointed in the regular grade of major general. 

The Surgeon General may be appointed from officers in any corps 

of the Army Medical Department and, while so serving, has the 

grade of lieutenant general. The Judge Advocate General shall be 

appointed as prescribed in section 3037 of this title. 

(c) An officer appointed under subsection (b) normally holds office for four years. However, the President may terminate or extend 

the appointment at any time. 

(d)(1) Each officer named in subsection (a) shall perform duties 

prescribed by the Secretary of the Army and by law. 

(2) Under the supervision of the Secretary, the Chief of Engineers may accept orders to provide services to another department, 

agency, or instrumentality of the United States or to a State or political subdivision of a State. The Chief of Engineers may provide 

any part of those services by contract. Services may be provided to 

a State, or to a political subdivision of a State, only if— 

(A) the work to be undertaken on behalf of non-Federal interests involves Federal assistance and the head of the department or agency providing Federal assistance for the work does 

not object to the provision of services by the Chief of Engineers; and 

(B) the services are provided on a reimbursable basis. 

(3) In this subsection, the term ‘‘State’’ includes the several 

States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealths of Puerto 

Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, territories and possessions 

of the United States, and Indian tribes. 

(e) For each office to be filled under subsection (b), the Secretary shall select a board of five general officers, including the incumbent, if any, of the office, and at least two officers, if available, 
§ 3037 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 1706 

in a grade above major general who have had extensive service in 

the branch concerned. The Secretary shall give the board a list of 

the officers to be considered and shall specify the number of officers, not less than three, to be recommended. The list shall 

include— 

(1) the name of each officer of the Regular Army who is appointed in, or assigned to, that branch, and whose regular 

grade is colonel; 

(2) the name of each officer whose regular grade is above 

colonel, who has shown by extensive duty in that branch, or by 

similar duty, that he is qualified for the appointment; 

(3) to the extent that the Secretary determines advisable, 

the name of each officer of the Regular Army who is appointed 

in, or assigned to, that branch, and whose regular grade is 

lieutenant colonel, in the order in which their names appear on 

the applicable promotion lists; and 

(4) to the extent that the Secretary considers advisable, 

the name of each regular or reserve officer on active duty in 

a grade above lieutenant colonel who has shown by extensive 

duty in that branch, or by similar duty, that he is qualified for 

the appointment. 

From these officers, the board shall recommend by name the number prescribed by the Secretary, and the President may appoint 

any officer so recommended. If the President declines to appoint 

any of the recommended officers, or if the officer nominated cannot 

be appointed because of advice by the Senate, the Secretary shall 

convene a board to recommend additional officers. An officer who 

is recommended but not appointed shall be considered not to have 

been recommended. This does not affect his eligibility for selection 

and recommendation for the grade of brigadier general or major 

general under section 3306 or 3307 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 163; Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 1, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1050; 

Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 24, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(38), Oct. 12, 1982, 

96 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, Sec. 922, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4194; Pub. L. 100– 

26, Sec. 7(a)(10), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 102–580, title II, Sec. 211, Oct. 31, 1992, 

106 Stat. 4831; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 506(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 296; Pub. 

L. 104–201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1074(a)(18), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2660.) 

§ 3037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate 

General, and general officers of Judge Advocate 

General’s Corps: appointment; duties 

(a) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, shall appoint the Judge Advocate General, the Deputy 

Judge Advocate General, and general officers of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps, from officers of the Judge Advocate General’s 

Corps, who are recommended by the Secretary of the Army. The 

term of office of the Judge Advocate General and the Deputy Judge 

Advocate General is four years. The Judge Advocate General, while 

so serving, has the grade of lieutenant general. An officer appointed as Deputy Judge Advocate General who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the regular grade of major general. 

(b) The Judge Advocate General shall be appointed from those 

officers who at the time of appointment are members of the bar of 

a Federal court or the highest court of a State, and who have had 
1707 § 3038 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

at least eight years of experience in legal duties as commissioned 

officers. 

(c) The Judge Advocate General, in addition to other duties 

prescribed by law— 

(1) is the legal adviser of the Secretary of the Army and 

of all officers and agencies of the Department of the Army; 

(2) shall direct the members of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps in the performance of their duties; and 

(3) shall receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings 

of courts of inquiry and military commissions. 

(d) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the Secretary of the Army, in selecting an officer for recommendation to the President under subsection (a) for appointment as the 

Judge Advocate General or Deputy Judge Advocate General, shall 

ensure that the officer selected is recommended by a board of officers that, insofar as practicable, is subject to the procedures applicable to selection boards convened under chapter 36 of this title. 

(e) No officer or employee of the Department of Defense may 

interfere with— 

(1) the ability of the Judge Advocate General to give independent legal advice to the Secretary of the Army or the Chief 

of Staff of the Army; or 

(2) the ability of judge advocates of the Army assigned or 

attached to, or performing duty with, military units to give 

independent legal advice to commanders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 164; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(18), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1565; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2750; Pub. L. 108– 

375, div. A, title V, Sec. 574(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1921; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 508(a), title X, Sec. 1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3229, 3440; Pub. L. 110–181, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 543(a)(1)–(3)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 114.) 

§ 3038. Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Army an Office of the Army Reserve which is headed by a chief 

who is the adviser to the Chief of Staff on Army Reserve matters. 

(b) APPOINTMENT.—(1) The President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Chief of Army Reserve 

from general officers of the Army Reserve who have had at least 

10 years of commissioned service in the Army Reserve. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to 

the President for appointment as Chief of Army Reserve unless the 

officer— 

(A) is recommended by the Secretary of the Army; and 

(B) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience. 

(3) An officer on active duty for service as the Chief of Army 

Reserve shall be counted for purposes of the grade limitations 

under sections 525 and 526 of this title. 

(4) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may 

waive subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Chief of Army Reserve if the Secretary 

of the Army requests the waiver and, in the judgment of the Secretary of Defense— 
§ 3039 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 1708 

(A) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and 

(B) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service. 

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. 

(c) TERM; REAPPOINTMENT; GRADE.—(1) The Chief of Army Reserve is appointed for a period of four years, but may be removed 

for cause at any time. An officer serving as Chief of Army Reserve 

may be reappointed for one additional four-year period. 

(2) The Chief of Army Reserve, while so serving, holds the 

grade of lieutenant general. 

(d) BUDGET.—The Chief of Army Reserve is the official within 

the executive part of the Department of the Army who, subject to 

the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Army 

and the Chief of Staff, is responsible for justification and execution 

of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction 

budgets for the Army Reserve. As such, the Chief of Army Reserve 

is the director and functional manager of appropriations made for 

the Army Reserve in those areas. 

(e) FULL TIME SUPPORT PROGRAM.—The Chief of Army Reserve 

manages, with respect to the Army Reserve, the personnel program 

of the Department of Defense known as the Full Time Support Program. 

(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Chief of Army Reserve shall submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the Army, 

an annual report on the state of the Army Reserve and the ability 

of the Army Reserve to meet its missions. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the Chief of Staff of the Army and may 

be submitted in classified and unclassified versions. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit the annual report 

of the Chief of Army Reserve under paragraph (1) to Congress, together with such comments on the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be transmitted at the same 

time each year that the annual report of the Secretary under section 113 of this title is submitted to Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 90–168, Sec. 2(16), Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 523, Sec. 3019; renumbered Sec. 3038 

and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(4), 502(g)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1034, 

1042; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1672(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3015; Pub. L. 

104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1212(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2691; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 554(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 

507(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–102; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(a), 

Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 536(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 

Stat. 1901.) 

§ 3039. Deputy and assistant chiefs of branches 

(a) Each officer named in section 3036 of this title shall have, 

in addition to the assistants prescribed by subsections (b) and (c) 

and by section 3037 of this title, such deputies and assistants as 

the Secretary of the Army may prescribe. Each such deputy and assistant shall be an officer detailed by the Secretary to that position 

from the officers of the Army for a tour of duty of not more than 

four years, under a procedure prescribed by the Secretary similar 

to that prescribed in section 3036 of this title. 

(b) There is an Assistant Surgeon General appointed from the 

officers of the Dental Corps, as prescribed in section 3036 of this 

title. The Assistant Surgeon General is Chief of the Dental Corps 

and is responsible for making recommendations to the Surgeon 

General and through the Surgeon General to the Chief of Staff on 
1709 [§ 3040 CH. 305—THE ARMY STAFF 

all matters concerning dentistry and the dental health of the Army. 

An appointee who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed 

in the regular grade of major general. 

(c) There are two assistants to the Chief of Engineers appointed as prescribed in section 3036 of this title. An appointee 

who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the regular 

grade of brigadier general. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 165, Sec. 3040; Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 805(a), Oct. 

20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1621; renumbered Sec. 3039 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 

502(f)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1042.) 

[§ 3040. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 

904(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2827] 
1710 

CHAPTER 307—THE ARMY 

Sec. 

3061. Regulations. 

3062. Policy; composition; organized peace establishment. 

3063. Basic branches. 

3064. Special branches. 

3065. Assignment and detail: officers assigned or detailed to basic and special 

branches. 

[3066. Repealed.] 

3067. Army Medical Department. 

3068. Medical Service Corps: organization; Chief and assistant chiefs. 

3069. Army Nurse Corps: composition; Chief and assistant chief; appointment; 

grade. 

3070. Army Medical Specialist Corps: organization; Chief and assistant chiefs. 

[3071. Repealed.] 

3072. Judge Advocate General’s Corps. 

3073. Chaplains. 

3074. Commands: territorial organization; engineer tactical units. 

3075. Regular Army: composition. 

[3076 to 3080. Repealed.] 

3081. Dental Corps: Chief, functions. 

[3082. Renumbered.] 

3083. Public Affairs Specialty. 

3084. Chief of Veterinary Corps: grade. 

§ 3061. Regulations 

The President may prescribe regulations for the government of 

the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 165.) 

§ 3062. Policy; composition; organized peace establishment 

(a) It is the intent of Congress to provide an Army that is capable, in conjunction with the other armed forces, of— 

(1) preserving the peace and security, and providing for 

the defense, of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States; 

(2) supporting the national policies; 

(3) implementing the national objectives; and 

(4) overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts 

that imperil the peace and security of the United States. 

(b) In general, the Army, within the Department of the Army, 

includes land combat and service forces and such aviation and 

water transport as may be organic therein. It shall be organized, 

trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat 

incident to operations on land. It is responsible for the preparation 

of land forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except 

as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of 

the Army to meet the needs of war. 

(c) The Army consists of— 
1711 § 3064 CH. 307—THE ARMY 

(1) the Regular Army, the Army National Guard of the 

United States, the Army National Guard while in the service 

of the United States and the Army Reserve; and 

(2) all persons appointed or enlisted in, or conscripted into, 

the Army without component. 

(d) The organized peace establishment of the Army consists of 

all— 

(1) military organizations of the Army with their installations and supporting and auxiliary elements, including combat, 

training, administrative, and logistic elements; and 

(2) members of the Army, including those not assigned to 

units; 

necessary to form the basis for a complete and immediate mobilization for the national defense in the event of a national emergency. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 166; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(6), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 3063. Basic branches 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may assign members of the 

Army to its basic branches. The basic branches are— 

(1) Infantry; 

(2) Armor; 

(3) Artillery; 

(4) Corps of Engineers; 

(5) Signal Corps; 

(6) Adjutant General’s Corps; 

(7) Quartermaster Corps; 

(8) Finance Corps; 

(9) Ordnance Corps; 

(10) Chemical Corps; 

(11) Transportation Corps; 

(12) Military Police Corps; and 

(13) such other basic branches as the Secretary considers 

necessary. 

(b) The Secretary may discontinue or consolidate basic 

branches of the Army for the duration of any war, or of any national emergency declared by Congress. 

(c) The Secretary may not assign to a basic branch any commissioned officer appointed in a special branch. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 166.) 

§ 3064. Special branches 

(a) The special branches of the Army consist of commissioned 

officers of the Regular Army appointed therein, other members of 

the Army assigned thereto by the Secretary of the Army, and the 

sections prescribed in this chapter. The special branches are— 

(1) each corps of the Army Medical Department; 

(2) the Judge Advocate General’s Corps; 

(3) the Chaplains; and 

(4) such other special branches as may be established by 

the Secretary of the Army under subsection (b). 

(b) The Secretary of the Army may establish special branches 

for the Army and may assign commissioned officers (other than officers of the Regular Army) and members to such branches. 
§ 3065 CH. 307—THE ARMY 1712 

(c) Commissioned officers of the Regular Army may be appointed in a special branch, but the Secretary may not assign any 

officer of the Regular Army to a special branch. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 167; Pub. L. 90–329, June 4, 1968, 82 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 

96–513, title II, Sec. 231, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 5(a), July 10, 1981, 

95 Stat. 128.) 

§ 3065. Assignment and detail: officers assigned or detailed 

to basic and special branches 

(a) Commissioned officers of the Army may be detailed as general staff officers and as inspectors general. 

(b) Members of the Army may be detailed to duty in particular 

fields specified by the Secretary, including intelligence, counter-intelligence, and military government. 

(c) Members of the Army appointed in or assigned to one 

branch may be detailed for duty with any other branch. 

(d) Members of the Army while not on active duty may be assigned to any basic or special branch, or to such other branches or 

groups, and to such organizations, as the Secretary considers appropriate. 

(e) No officer of the Army may be assigned to perform technical, scientific, or other professional duties unless he is qualified 

to perform those duties and meets professional qualifications at 

least as strict as those in effect on June 28, 1950. If the duties to 

which an officer is assigned involve professional work that is the 

same as or is similar to that usually performed in civil life by a 

member of a learned profession, such as engineering, law, medicine, or theology, the officer must have the qualifications, by education, training, or experience, equal to or similar to those usually 

required of members of that profession, unless the exigencies of the 

situation prevent. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 167.) 

[§ 3066. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 201, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

§ 3067. Army Medical Department 

There is an Army Medical Department in the Army. The Army 

Medical Department consists of— 

(1) the Surgeon General; 

(2) the Assistant Surgeons General; 

(3) the Medical Corps; 

(4) the Dental Corps; 

(5) the Veterinary Corps; 

(6) the Medical Service Corps; 

(7) the Army Nurse Corps; and 

(8) the Army Medical Specialist Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 168; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(60), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1462; 

Pub. L. 90–329, June 4, 1968, 82 Stat. 170.) 

§ 3068. Medical Service Corps: organization; Chief and assistant chiefs 

There is a Medical Service Corps in the Army. The Medical 

Service Corps consists of— 
1713 § 3070 CH. 307—THE ARMY 

(1) the Chief of the Medical Service Corps, who shall be 

appointed by the Secretary of the Army from among the officers of the Medical Service Corps whose regular grade is above 

captain; 

(2) the assistant chiefs of the Medical Service Corps, who 

shall be designated by the Surgeon General from officers in 

that Corps and who shall be his consultants on activities relating to their sections; 

(3) commissioned officers of the Regular Army appointed 

therein; 

(4) other members of the Army assigned thereto by the 

Secretary of the Army; and 

(5) the following sections— 

(A) the Administrative Health Services Section; 

(B) the Medical Allied Sciences Section; 

(C) the Preventive Medicine Sciences Section; 

(D) the Clinical Health Sciences Section; and 

(E) other sections considered necessary by the Secretary of the Army. 

(Added Pub. L. 89–603, Sec. 1(1), Sept. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 846; amended Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 

1(37), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 594, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 

Stat. 4234.) 

§ 3069. Army Nurse Corps: composition; Chief and assistant 

chief; appointment; grade 

(a) The Army Nurse Corps consists of the Chief and assistant 

chief of that corps and other officers in grades prescribed by the 

Secretary of the Army. 

(b) The Secretary of the Army shall appoint the Chief from the 

officers of the Regular Army in that corps whose regular grade is 

above lieutenant colonel and who are recommended by the Surgeon 

General. An appointee who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the regular grade of major general. The Chief serves 

during the pleasure of the Secretary, but not for more than four 

years, and may not be reappointed to the same position. 

(c) The Surgeon General shall appoint the assistant chief from 

the officers of the Regular Army in that corps whose regular grade 

is above lieutenant colonel. The assistant chief serves during the 

pleasure of the Surgeon General, but not for more than four years 

and may not be reappointed to the same position. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 168; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, Sec. 101(1), 71 

Stat. 375; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 6(b)(1), 76 Stat. 494; Sept. 30, 1966, Pub. L. 89– 

609, Sec. 1(1), 80 Stat. 852; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(8)(A), 81 Stat. 374; Sept. 23, 

1996, Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(a), 110 Stat. 2511; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 504(a)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2531.) 

§ 3070. Army Medical Specialist Corps: organization; Chief 

and assistant chiefs 

(a) The Army Medical Specialist Corps consists of the Chief 

and assistant chiefs of that corps, other officers in grades prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, and the following sections: 

(1) The Dietitian Section. 

(2) The Physical Therapist Section. 

(3) The Occupational Therapist Section. 

(4) The Physician Assistant Section. 
[§ 3071 CH. 307—THE ARMY 1714 

(5) The Chiropractic Section. 

(b) The Secretary of the Army shall appoint the Chief from the 

officers of the Regular Army in that corps whose regular grade is 

above captain and who are recommended by the Surgeon General. 

The Chief serves during the pleasure of the Secretary, but not for 

more than four years, and may not be reappointed. 

(c) The Surgeon General shall appoint up to five assistant 

chiefs from officers of the Regular Army in that corps whose regular grade is above captain. Each assistant chief is the chief of a 

section of that corps. An assistant chief serves during the pleasure 

of the Surgeon General, but not for more than four years, and may 

not be reappointed to the same position. 

(d) Chiropractors who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army may be appointed as commissioned officers in the Chiropractic Section of the Army Medical Specialist Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 169; Pub. L. 85–155, title I, Sec. 101(2), Aug. 21, 1957, 71 

Stat. 375; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 6(b)(2), (3), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 89–609, Sec. 1(2), 

(3), Sept. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(8)(B), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 374; Pub. 

L. 102–190, div. A, title V, Sec. 551(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1370; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 505(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2404.) 

[§ 3071. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 820(b), Oct. 

20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627] 

§ 3072. Judge Advocate General’s Corps 

There is a Judge Advocate General’s Corps in the Army. The 

Judge Advocate General’s Corps consists of— 

(1) the Judge Advocate General; 

(2) the Assistant Judge Advocate General; 

(3) three officers in the grade of brigadier general; 

(4) commissioned officers of the Regular Army appointed 

therein; and 

(5) other members of the Army assigned thereto by the 

Secretary of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 169.) 

§ 3073. Chaplains 

There are chaplains in the Army. The Chaplains include— 

(1) the Chief of Chaplains; 

(2) commissioned officers of the Regular Army appointed 

as chaplains; and 

(3) other officers of the Army appointed as chaplains in the 

Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 170.) 

§ 3074. Commands: territorial organization; engineer tactical units 

(a) Except as otherwise prescribed by law or by the Secretary 

of Defense, the Army shall be divided into such commands, forces, 

and organizations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army. 

(b) For Army purposes, the United States, the Commonwealths 

and possessions, and other places in which the Army is stationed 

or is operating may be divided into such areas as may be directed 
1715 § 3081 CH. 307—THE ARMY 

by the Secretary. Officers of the Army may be assigned to command Army activities, installations, and personnel in those areas. 

In the discharge of the Army’s functions or other functions authorized by law, officers so assigned have the duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) Such part of the Corps of Engineers as the President directs 

shall be formed into tactical units organized as he prescribes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 170; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 503, Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 

1042; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(6), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 3075. Regular Army: composition 

(a) The Regular Army is the component of the Army that consists of persons whose continuous service on active duty in both 

peace and war is contemplated by law, and of retired members of 

the Regular Army. 

(b) The Regular Army includes— 

(1) the officers and enlisted members of the Regular Army; 

(2) the professors, director of admissions, and cadets of the 

United States Military Academy; and 

(3) the retired officers and enlisted members of the Regular Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 170; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; 

Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 2, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(39), Oct. 12, 1982, 

96 Stat. 1297.) 

[§§ 3076 to 3080. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1661(a)(3)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980] 

§ 3081. Dental Corps: Chief, functions 

(a) The Chief of the Dental Corps shall be an officer of that 

corps appointed as prescribed in section 3039 of this title. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Army may 

prescribe, all dental functions of the Army shall be under the direction of the Chief of the Dental Corps. All matters relating to dentistry shall be referred to the Chief of the Dental Corps. 

(c) The Chief of the Dental Corps shall— 

(1) establish professional standards and policies for dental 

practice; 

(2) initiate and recommend action pertaining to organization requirements and utilization of the Dental Corps and dental auxiliary strength, appointments, advancement, training 

assignments, and transfer of dental personnel; and 

(3) serve as the adviser to the Office of the Surgeon General on all matters relating directly to dentistry. 

(d) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Army may 

prescribe, dental and dental auxiliary personnel throughout the 

Army shall be organized into units commanded by a designated 

Dental Corps Officer. Such officer will be directly responsible to the 

commander of installations, organizations, and activities for all professional and technical matters and such administrative matters as 

may be prescribed by regulation. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 805(b)(1), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1621; amended Pub. 

L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 502(f)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1042.) 
[§ 3082 CH. 307—THE ARMY 1716 

[§ 3082. Renumbered 10542] 

§ 3083. Public Affairs Specialty 

There is a career field in the Army known as the Public Affairs 

Specialty. Members of the Army with the Public Affairs Specialty 

are— 

(1) the Chief of Public Affairs; 

(2) commissioned officers of the Army in the grade of major 

or above who are selected and specifically educated, trained, 

and experienced to perform as professional public affairs officers for the remainder of their careers; and 

(3) other members of the Army assigned to public affairs 

positions by the Secretary of the Army. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 596(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1765.) 

§ 3084. Chief of Veterinary Corps: grade 

The Chief of the Veterinary Corps of the Army shall be appointed from among officers of the Veterinary Corps. The Chief of 

the Veterinary Corps serves in the grade of brigadier general. An 

officer appointed to that position who holds a lower grade shall be 

appointed in the grade of brigadier general. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2531; amended 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 109–163, 

div. A, title X, Sec. 1056(c)(11), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 
1717 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

Chap. Sec. 

331. Strength ........................................................................... 3201 

333. Enlistments ..................................................................... 3251 

335. Appointments in the Regular Army .............................. 3281 

[337. Repealed.] 

339. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 3441 

341. Active Duty ...................................................................... 3491 

343. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 3531 

345. Rank and Command ....................................................... 3571 

[347. Repealed.] 

349. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 3631 

[351. Repealed.] 

353. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 3681 

355. Hospitalization ................................................................ 3721 

357. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 3741 

[359. Repealed.] 

[360. Repealed.] 

[361. Repealed.] 

[363. Repealed.] 

[365. Repealed.] 

367. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 3911 

369. Retired Grade .................................................................. 3961 

371. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 3991 

373. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 4021 

375. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 4061 

1719 

CHAPTER 331—STRENGTH 

Sec. 

3201. Officers on active duty: minimum strength based on requirements. 

[3202 to 3207, 3209. Repealed.] 

3210. Regular Army: strength in grade; general officers. 

[3211 to 3225, 3230. Repealed.] 

§ 3201. Officers on active duty: minimum strength based on 

requirements 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall ensure that (beginning 

with fiscal year 1999) the strength at the end of each fiscal year 

of officers on active duty is sufficient to enable the Army to meet 

at least that percentage of the programmed manpower structure for 

officers for the active component of the Army that is provided for 

in the most recent Defense Planning Guidance issued by the Secretary of Defense. 

(b) The number of officers on active duty shall be counted for 

purposes of this section in the same manner as applies under section 115(a)(1) of this title. 

(c) In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘programmed manpower structure’’ means 

the aggregation of billets describing the full manpower requirements for units and organizations in the programmed force 

structure. 

(2) The term ‘‘programmed force structure’’ means the set 

of units and organizations that exist in the current year and 

that is planned to exist in each future year under the then-current Future-Years Defense Program. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 295.) 

[§ 3202. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, Sec. 

403(b)(1)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1545] 

[§§ 3203 to 3207. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§ 3209. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

§ 3210. Regular Army: strength in grade; general officers 

(a) Subject to section 526 of this title, the authorized strength 

of the Regular Army in general officers on the active-duty list is 

75/10,000 of the authorized strength of the Regular Army in commissioned officers on the active-duty list. 

(b) The authorized strength of each of the following branches— 

(1) each corps of the Army Medical Department; and 

(2) the Chaplains; 

in general officers on the active-duty list of the Regular Army is 

5/1,000 of the authorized strength of the branch concerned in com-
[§ 3211 CH. 331—STRENGTH 1720 

missioned officers on the active-duty list of the Regular Army. Not 

more than one-half of the authorized strength in general officers in 

such a branch may be in a regular grade above brigadier general. 

(c) When the application of the percentages and ratios specified 

in this section results in a fraction, a fraction of one-half or more 

is counted as one, and a fraction of less than one-half is disregarded. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 174; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(66), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1463; 

Pub. L. 89–603, Sec. 1(2), Sept. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 846; Pub. L. 90–329, June 4, 1968, 82 Stat. 

170; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(5), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2909; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 5(b), 

July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(a)(20)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 

105 Stat. 1473.) 

[§ 3211. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§ 3212. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§§ 3213, 3214. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§ 3215. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 820(c)(3), 

Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627] 

[§ 3216. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§§ 3217 to 3225. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§ 3230. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 232, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
1721 

CHAPTER 333—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

3251. Definition. 

3252. Bonus to encourage Army personnel to refer persons for enlistment in the 

Army. 

[3253 to 3256. Repealed.] 

3258. Regular Army: reenlistment after service as an officer. 

[3259 to 3261. Repealed.] 

3262. Army: percentage of high-school graduates. 

[3263 to 3264. Repealed.] 

§ 3251. Definition 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘enlistment’’ means original enlistment or reenlistment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 177; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(19)(A), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161.) 

§ 3252. Bonus to encourage Army personnel to refer persons 

for enlistment in the Army 

(a) AUTHORITY TO PAY BONUS.— 

(1) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Army may pay a 

bonus under this section to an individual referred to in paragraph (2) who refers to an Army recruiter a person who has 

not previously served in an armed force and who, after such referral, enlists in the regular component of the Army or in the 

Army National Guard or Army Reserve. 

(2) INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE FOR BONUS.—Subject to subsection (c), the following individuals are eligible for a referral 

bonus under this section: 

(A) A member in the regular component of the Army. 

(B) A member of the Army National Guard. 

(C) A member of the Army Reserve. 

(D) A member of the Army in a retired status, including a member under 60 years of age who, but for age, 

would be eligible for retired pay. 

(E) A civilian employee of the Department of the 

Army. 

(b) REFERRAL.—For purposes of this section, a referral for 

which a bonus may be paid under subsection (a) occurs— 

(1) when the individual concerned contacts an Army recruiter on behalf of a person interested in enlisting in the 

Army; or 

(2) when a person interested in enlisting in the Army contacts the Army recruiter and informs the recruiter of the role 

of the individual concerned in initially recruiting the person. 

(c) CERTAIN REFERRALS INELIGIBLE.— 

(1) REFERRAL OF IMMEDIATE FAMILY.—A member of the 

Army or civilian employee of the Department of the Army may 
[§ 3253 CH. 333—ENLISTMENTS 1722 

not be paid a bonus under subsection (a) for the referral of an 

immediate family member. 

(2) MEMBERS IN RECRUITING ROLES.—A member of the 

Army or civilian employee of the Department of the Army serving in a recruiting or retention assignment, or assigned to 

other duties regarding which eligibility for a bonus under subsection (a) could (as determined by the Secretary) be perceived 

as creating a conflict of interest, may not be paid a bonus 

under subsection (a). 

(3) JUNIOR RESERVE OFFICERS’ TRAINING CORPS INSTRUCTORS.—A member of the Army detailed under subsection (c)(1) 

of section 2031 of this title to serve as an administrator or instructor in the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program or a retired member of the Army employed as an administrator or instructor in the program under subsection (d) of 

such section may not be paid a bonus under subsection (a). 

(d) AMOUNT OF BONUS.—The amount of the bonus payable for 

a referral under subsection (a) may not exceed $2,000. The amount 

shall be payable as provided in subsection (e). 

(e) PAYMENT.—A bonus payable for a referral of a person under 

subsection (a) shall be paid as follows: 

(1) Not more than $1,000 shall be paid upon the commencement of basic training by the person. 

(2) Not more than $1,000 shall be paid upon the completion of basic training and individual advanced training by the 

person. 

(f) RELATION TO PROHIBITION ON BOUNTIES.—The referral 

bonus authorized by this section is not a bounty for purposes of section 514(a) of this title. 

(g) COORDINATION WITH RECEIPT OF RETIRED PAY.—A bonus 

paid under this section to a member of the Army in a retired status 

is in addition to any compensation to which the member is entitled 

under this title, title 37 or 38, or any other provision of law. 

(h) DURATION OF AUTHORITY.—A bonus may not be paid under 

subsection (a) with respect to any referral that occurs after December 31, 2011. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 671(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 181; amended 

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VI, Sec. 615(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4485; Pub. L. 111–84, 

div. A, title VI, Sec. 616(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2354; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

616(2), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4238.) 

[§ 3253. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

542(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3253] 

[§§ 3254 to 3256. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a)(2)(B), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756] 

§ 3258. Regular Army: reenlistment after service as an officer 

(a) Any former enlisted member of the Regular Army who has 

served on active duty as an officer of the Army, or who was discharged as an enlisted member to accept an appointment as an officer of the Army, is entitled to be reenlisted in the Regular Army 

in the enlisted grade that he held before his service as an officer, 

without loss of seniority or credit for service, regardless of the ex-
1723 [§ 3264 CH. 333—ENLISTMENTS 

istence of a vacancy in his grade or of a physical disability incurred 

or having its inception in line of duty, if (1) his service as an officer 

is terminated by an honorable discharge or he is relieved from active duty for a purpose other than to await appellate review of a 

sentence that includes dismissal or dishonorable discharge, and (2) 

he applies for reenlistment within six months (or such other period 

as the Secretary of the Army prescribes for exceptional circumstances) after termination of that service. 

(b) A person is not entitled to be reenlisted under this section 

if— 

(1) the person was discharged or released from active duty 

as an officer on the basis of a determination of— 

(A) misconduct; 

(B) moral or professional dereliction; 

(C) duty performance below prescribed standards for 

the grade held; or 

(D) retention being inconsistent with the interests of 

national security; or 

(2) the person’s former enlisted status and grade was 

based solely on the participation by that person in a 

precommissioning program that resulted in the commission 

held by that person during the active duty from which the person was released or discharged. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 179; Pub. L. 85–603, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 8, 1958, 72 Stat. 526; 

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 520(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 110–181, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 506(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 96.) 

[§§ 3259 to 3261. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990] 

§ 3262. Army: percentage of high-school graduates 

Notwithstanding section 520(b) of this title, of the males with 

no prior military service who are enlisted or inducted into the 

Army during any fiscal year, the number who are not high-school 

graduates may not exceed, as of the end of the fiscal year, 35 percent of all such persons. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3859; amended 

Pub. L. 100–370, Sec. 1(a)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 840.) 

[§ 3263. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 

1968, 81 Stat. 756] 

[§ 3264. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(c), 

Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2544] 
1724 

CHAPTER 335—APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY 

Sec. 

3281. Commissioned officer grades. 

3282. General officers: title of office. 

3283. Commissioned officers: appointment without specification of branch; transfer between branches. 

[3284 to 3309. Repealed.] 

3310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications. 

[3311 to 3314. Repealed.] 

§ 3281. Commissioned officer grades 

The commissioned grades in the Regular Army are: 

(1) Major general. 

(2) Brigadier general. 

(3) Colonel. 

(4) Lieutenant colonel. 

(5) Major. 

(6) Captain. 

(7) First lieutenant. 

(8) Second lieutenant. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181.) 

§ 3282. General officers: title of office 

An officer holding an appointment as a general officer in the 

Regular Army may be called a general officer in the Regular Army. 

In addition, a general officer of the Regular Army in the Medical 

Corps, Dental Corps, Veterinary Corps, Judge Advocate General’s 

Corps, or the Chaplains, may be called a general officer of that 

branch. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181.) 

§ 3283. Commissioned officers: appointment without specification of branch; transfer between branches 

(a) Appointments in commissioned grades in the Regular Army 

shall be made without specification of branch except in each of the 

special branches and as professors or director of admissions of the 

United States Military Academy. 

(b) Commissioned officers appointed in the Regular Army without specification of branch shall be assigned, and may be transferred and reassigned, by the Secretary of the Army to branches 

other than the special branches, according to their professional 

qualifications and the needs of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(4), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; 

Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 820(d)(1), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627; Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 2, 

Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069.) 
1725 [§ 3312 CH. 335—APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY 

[§§ 3284 to 3300. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

[§§ 3302, 3303. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

[§ 3304. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(10)(C), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat 375] 

[§§ 3305 to 3309. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

§ 3310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications 

Original appointments as warrant officers in the Regular Army 

shall be made from persons who have served on active duty at least 

one year in the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 192.) 

[§ 3311. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 820(d)(4), 

Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627] 

[§§ 3312 to 3314. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 
1726 

[CHAPTER 337—REPEALED] 

[§ 3351. Renumbered 12211] 

[§ 3352. Renumbered 12213] 

[§§ 3353, 3354. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 3355. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(5), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1071] 

[§§ 3357 to 3390. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 3391. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(11)(F), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 376] 

[§§ 3392 to 3396. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
1727 

CHAPTER 339—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[3441 to 3445. Repealed.] 

3446. Retention on active duty. 

[3447 to 3452. Repealed.] 

[§§ 3441, 3442. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§ 3443. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(6), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1570] 

[§§ 3444, 3445. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

§ 3446. Retention on active duty 

The President may retain on active duty a disabled officer 

until— 

(1) the physical condition of the officer is such that the officer will not be further benefited by retention in a military hospital or a medical facility of the Department of Veterans Affairs; or 

(2) the officer is processed for physical disability benefits 

provided by law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 196; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(81)(C), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1480; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(10), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1603; Pub. 

L. 102–25, title VII, Sec. 701(j)(6), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 116.) 

[§§ 3447 to 3449. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

208, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§ 3450. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 758] 

[§§ 3451, 3452. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 
1728 

CHAPTER 341—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

3491. Non-regular officers: status. 

[3492 to 3502. Repealed.] 

3503. Retired commissioned officers: status. 

[3504. Repealed.] 

§ 3491. Non-regular officers: status 

A commissioned officer of the Army, other than of the Regular 

Army, who is on active duty in any commissioned grade has the 

rights and privileges, and is entitled to the benefits, provided by 

law for a commissioned officer of the Army Reserve— 

(1) whose reserve grade is that in which the officer not of 

the Regular Army is serving; 

(2) who has the same length of service as the officer not 

of the Regular Army; and 

(3) who is on active duty in his reserve grade. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 198.) 

[§§ 3492, 3493. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 1(a)(2), (b), Jan. 

2, 1968, 81 Stat. 753] 

[§ 3494. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 209(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§§ 3495 to 3502. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(f)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2994] 

§ 3503. Retired commissioned officers: status 

A retired commissioned officer of the Army who is on active 

duty is considered, for all purposes except promotion, to be an officer of the branch or organization to which he is assigned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 200.) 

[§ 3504. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 210, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 
1729 

CHAPTER 343—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, 

ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND DUTIES 

Sec. 

[3531, 3532. Repealed.] 

3533. Corps of Engineers: assignment or transfer of officers to duties involving 

civil functions. 

3534. Corps of Engineers: detail of officers to assist Mayor of District of Columbia. 

[3535. Repealed.] 

3536. Leader of Army Band: appointment. 

[3538 to 3542. Repealed.] 

3543. Aides: detail; number authorized. 

[3544 to 3546. Repealed.] 

3547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers. 

3548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations. 

[§§ 3531, 3532. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 233(a), 

234, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2887] 

§ 3533. Corps of Engineers: assignment or transfer of officers to duties involving civil functions 

Officers of the Corps of Engineers may be assigned or transferred to and from duties involving the civil functions of the Corps 

of Engineers only with the approval of the Secretary of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 201; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 26, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119.) 

§ 3534. Corps of Engineers: detail of officers to assist Mayor 

of District of Columbia 

The President may detail not more than three officers assigned 

to the Corps of Engineers to assist the Mayor of the District of Columbia in discharging his duties. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 201; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 2(5), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(5)(A), (B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929.) 

[§ 3535. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 235, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2887] 

§ 3536. Leader of Army Band: appointment 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may appoint the leader of the 

Army band from the warrant officers of the Regular Army. The 

leader serves during the pleasure of the Secretary and may be returned to his former status in the discretion of the Secretary. 

[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(5), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 

Stat. 501.] 

(c) Upon retirement, the leader of the Army band has the 

grade of warrant officer, with the retired pay to which he would 

have been entitled had he not been appointed leader. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 201; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(5), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501.) 
[§ 3538 CH. 343—SPECIAL APPTMTS / ASSIGNMNTS / DETAILS & DUTIES 1730 

[§§ 3538, 3539. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 759, 760] 

[§ 3540. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(7), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1071] 

[§§ 3541, 3542. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1661(c)(2), 1662(g)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

2982, 2996] 

§ 3543. Aides: detail; number authorized 

(a) Each major general of the Army is entitled to three aides 

selected by him from commissioned officers of the Army in any 

grade below major. 

(b) Each brigadier general of the Army is entitled to two aides 

selected by him from commissioned officers of the Army in any 

grade below captain. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 202.) 

[§§ 3544, 3545. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(6), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 759, 760] 

[§ 3546. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(7), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1570] 

§ 3547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers 

(a) Each chaplain shall, when practicable, hold appropriate religious services at least once on each Sunday for the command to 

which he is assigned, and shall perform appropriate religious burial services for members of the Army who die while in that command. 

(b) Each commanding officer shall furnish facilities, including 

necessary transportation, to any chaplain assigned to his command, 

to assist the chaplain in performing his duties. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 203.) 

§ 3548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations 

Under regulations prescribed by the President, a warrant officer may be assigned to perform duties that necessarily include 

those normally performed by a commissioned officer. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 203.) 
1731 

CHAPTER 345—RANK AND COMMAND 

Sec. 

[3571. Repealed.] 

3572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments. 

[3573, 3574. Repealed.] 

3575. Rank: warrant officers. 

[3576, 3578. Repealed.] 

3579. Command: commissioned officers of Army Medical Department. 

[3580. Repealed.] 

3581. Command: chaplains. 

[3582. Repealed.] 

3583. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

[§ 3571. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 3572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments 

The President may, in accordance with the needs of the Army, 

adjust dates of rank of commissioned officers of the Army serving 

in temporary grades. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 204.) 

[§§ 3573, 3574. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 3575. Rank: warrant officers 

Warrant officers rank next below second lieutenants and rank 

among themselves within each warrant officer grade under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 205.) 

[§ 3576. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

[§ 3578. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

§ 3579. Command: commissioned officers of Army Medical 

Department 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), a commissioned officer 

of the Army Medical Department is not entitled to exercise command because of his rank, except within the Army Medical Department. 

(b) An officer of the Medical Service Corps may exercise command of troops that are not part of the Army Medical Department 

whenever authorized by the Secretary of the Army. The Secretary 

of the Army may delegate such authority to appropriate commanders as the interest of the Army may require. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 206; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(60), (87), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1462, 1482; Pub. L. 87–142, Aug. 17, 1961, 75 Stat. 364; Pub. L. 90–329, June 4, 1968, 82 Stat. 
[§ 3580 CH. 345—RANK AND COMMAND 1732 

170; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 212(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, 

Sec. 1405(46), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625.) 

[§ 3580. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 820(f), Oct. 

20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627] 

§ 3581. Command: chaplains 

A chaplain has rank without command. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 206.) 

[§ 3582. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 3583. Requirement of exemplary conduct 

All commanding officers and others in authority in the Army 

are required— 

(1) to show in themselves a good example of virtue, honor, 

patriotism, and subordination; 

(2) to be vigilant in inspecting the conduct of all persons 

who are placed under their command; 

(3) to guard against and suppress all dissolute and immoral practices, and to correct, according to the laws and regulations of the Army, all persons who are guilty of them; and 

(4) to take all necessary and proper measures, under the 

laws, regulations, and customs of the Army, to promote and 

safeguard the morale, the physical well-being, and the general 

welfare of the officers and enlisted persons under their command or charge. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 507(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1726.) 
1733 

[CHAPTER 347—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3611, 3612. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 8(2), Jan. 2, 

1968, 81 Stat. 764] 

CHAPTER 349—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND 

PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[3631 to 3638. Repealed.] 

3639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants. 

[§ 3631. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

[§§ 3632, 3633. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(6), (7), Sept. 

7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501] 

[§ 3634. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 

590(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 138] 

[§ 3635. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(7), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 762] 

[§ 3636. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(8), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

[§ 3637. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

[§ 3638. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(8), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1570] 

§ 3639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants 

No officer of the Army may use an enlisted member of the 

Army as a servant. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 208.) 
1734 

[CHAPTER 351—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3661 to 3663. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–377, Sec. 6(1), July 5, 

1968, 82 Stat. 288] 

CHAPTER 353—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

3681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 

[3682 to 3683. Repealed.] 

3684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as an officer to be counted as enlisted service. 

[3685 to 3690. Repealed.] 

3691. Flying officer rating: qualifications. 

[3692, 3693. Repealed.] 

§ 3681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement 

(a) PRESENTATION OF FLAG.—Upon the release of a member of 

the Army from active duty for retirement, the Secretary of the 

Army shall present a United States flag to the member. 

(b) MULTIPLE PRESENTATIONS NOT AUTHORIZED.—A member is 

not eligible for a presentation of a flag under subsection (a) if the 

member has previously been presented a flag under this section or 

any other provision of law providing for the presentation of a 

United States flag incident to release from active service for retirement. 

(c) NO COST TO RECIPIENT.—The presentation of a flag under 

this section shall be at no cost to the recipient. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, Sec. 644(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2048; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 666.) 

[§ 3682. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

[§ 3683. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 

1301(b)(1)(A), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 735] 

§ 3684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as 

an officer to be counted as enlisted service 

An enlisted member of the Regular Army is entitled to count 

active service as an officer in the Army as enlisted service for all 

purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 211.) 

[§ 3685. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(a)(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 763] 
1735 [§ 3693 CH. 353—MISC. RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

[§ 3686. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(g)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996] 

[§ 3687. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

604(f)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3877] 

[§ 3688. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(10), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1570] 

[§ 3689. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(9), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

[§ 3690. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

§ 3691. Flying officer rating: qualifications 

Only officers of the Army in the following categories may be 

rated as flying officers: 

(1) Officers who have aeronautical ratings as pilots of service types of aircraft or as aircraft observers. 

(2) Flight surgeons. 

(3) Officers undergoing flight training. 

(4) Officers who are members of combat crews, other than 

pilots of service types of aircraft, aircraft observers, and observers. 

(5) In time of war, officers who have aeronautical ratings 

as observers. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 213.) 

[§ 3692. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–168, Sec. 1(1), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 

Stat. 489] 

[§ 3693. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(a)(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 763] 
1736 

CHAPTER 355—HOSPITALIZATION 

Sec. 

[3721, 3722. Repealed.] 

3723. When Secretary may require. 

[§§ 3721, 3722. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

604(f)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3877] 

§ 3723. When Secretary may require 

The Secretary of the Army may order the hospitalization, medical and surgical treatment, and domiciliary care, for as long as 

necessary, of any member of the Army on active duty, and may 

incur obligations with respect thereto, whether or not the member 

incurred an injury, illness, or disease in line of duty, except in the 

case of a member treated in a private hospital, or by a civilian physician, while on leave of absence for more than 24 hours. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 215; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 604(f)(1)(D), Nov. 

14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3878; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(16), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 

Stat. 1161.) 
1737 

CHAPTER 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

3741. Medal of honor: award. 

3742. Distinguished-service cross: award. 

3743. Distinguished-service medal: award. 

3744. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: 

limitations on award. 

3745. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: 

delegation of power to award. 

3746. Silver star: award. 

3747. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; 

silver star: replacement. 

3748. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; 

silver star: availability of appropriations. 

3749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations. 

3750. Soldier’s Medal: award; limitations. 

3751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of appropriations. 

3752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation. 

3753. Civil War battle streamers. 

3754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

3755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

3756. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

§ 3741. Medal of honor: award 

The President may award, and present in the name of Congress, a medal of honor of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who while a member of the Army, distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the 

risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 215; July 25, 1963, Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 1(1), 77 Stat. 93.) 

§ 3742. Distinguished-service cross: award 

The President may award a distinguished-service cross of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, 

while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself 

by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a medal of 

honor— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 
§ 3743 CH. 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 1738 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 215; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 1(2), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 93.) 

§ 3743. Distinguished-service medal: award 

The President may award a distinguished-service medal of appropriate design and a ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in place thereof, to a person who, while serving in 

any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself by exceptionally 

meritorious service to the United States in a duty of great responsibility. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 216.) 

§ 3744. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: limitations on award 

(a) No more than one medal of honor, distinguished-service 

cross, or distinguished-service medal may be awarded to a person. 

However, for each succeeding act that would otherwise justify the 

award of such a medal or cross, the President may award a suitable bar or other device to be worn as he directs. 

(b) Except as provided in subsection (d), no medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguished-service medal, or device in 

place thereof, may be awarded to a person unless— 

(1) the award is made within three years after the date of 

the act justifying the award; 

(2) a statement setting forth the distinguished service and 

recommending official recognition of it was made within two 

years after the distinguished service; and 

(3) it appears from records of the Department of the Army 

that the person is entitled to the award. 

(c) No medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguished-service medal, or device in place thereof, may be awarded 

or presented to a person whose service after he distinguished himself has not been honorable. 

(d) If the Secretary of the Army determines that— 

(1) a statement setting forth the distinguished service and 

recommending official recognition of it was made and supported by sufficient evidence within two years after the distinguished service; and 

(2) no award was made, because the statement was lost or 

through inadvertence the recommendation was not acted on; 

a medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguished-service 

medal, or device in place thereof, as the case may be, may be 

awarded to the person concerned within two years after the date 

of that determination. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 216; Pub. L. 86–582, Sec. 1(1), July 5, 1960, 74 Stat. 320.) 

§ 3745. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal: delegation of power to 

award 

The President may delegate his authority to award the medal 

of honor, distinguished-service cross, and distinguished-service 

medal, to a commanding general of a separate army or higher unit 

in the field. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 216.) 
1739 § 3750 CH. 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

§ 3746. Silver star: award 

The President may award a silver star of appropriate design, 

with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while serving in 

any capacity with the Army, is cited for gallantry in action that 

does not warrant a medal of honor or distinguished-service cross— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 216; July 25, 1963, Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 1(3), 77 Stat. 93.) 

§ 3747. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; silver star: replacement 

Any medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguishedservice medal, or silver star, or any bar, ribbon, rosette, or other 

device issued for wear with or in place of any of them, that is stolen, lost, or destroyed, or becomes unfit for use, without fault or neglect of the person to whom it was awarded, shall be replaced without charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 216; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(a)(2), Dec. 

28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1116.) 

§ 3748. Medal of honor; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; silver star: availability of 

appropriations 

The Secretary of the Army may spend, from any appropriation 

for contingent expenses of the Department of the Army, amounts 

necessary to provide medals and devices under sections 3741, 3742, 

3743, 3744, 3746, 3747, and 3752 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 217.) 

§ 3749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations 

(a) The President may award a distinguished flying cross of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon to any person who, 

while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself 

by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an 

aerial flight. 

(b) Not more than one distinguished flying cross may be 

awarded to a person. However, for each succeeding act that would 

otherwise justify the award of such a cross, the President may 

award a suitable bar or other device to be worn as he directs. 

(c) No distinguished flying cross, or device in place thereof, 

may be awarded or presented to a person whose service after he 

distinguished himself has not been honorable. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 217.) 

§ 3750. Soldier’s Medal: award; limitations 

(a)(1) The President may award a decoration called the ‘‘Soldier’s Medal’’, of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon, to 

any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, dis-
§ 3751 CH. 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 1740 

tinguishes himself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an 

enemy. 

(2) The authority in paragraph (1) includes authority to award 

the medal to a member of the Ready Reserve who was not in a 

duty status defined in section 101(d) of this title when the member 

distinguished himself by heroism. 

(b) Not more than one Soldier’s Medal may be awarded to a 

person. However, for each succeeding act that would otherwise justify the award of such a medal, the President may award a suitable 

bar or other device to be worn as he directs. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 217; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 574(a), Nov. 18, 

1997, 111 Stat. 1758.) 

§ 3751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of 

appropriations 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall procure, and issue without 

charge to any person entitled thereto, any service medal authorized 

for members of the Army after May 12, 1928, and any ribbon, 

clasp, star, or similar device prescribed as a part of that medal. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, any 

medal or other device issued under subsection (a) that is lost, destroyed, or becomes unfit for use, without fault or neglect of the 

owner, may be replaced at cost. However, if the owner is a member 

of the Army or the Air Force, the medal or device may be replaced 

without charge. 

(c) The Secretary may spend, from any appropriation for the 

support of the Army, amounts necessary to provide medals and devices under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 217.) 

§ 3752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation 

(a) If a person dies before the award of a medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguished-service medal, distinguished 

flying cross, or device in place thereof, to which he is entitled, the 

award may be made and the medal or device presented to his representative, as designated by the President. 

(b) If a person dies before an authorized service medal or device prescribed as a part thereof is presented to him under section 

3751 of this title, it shall be presented to his family. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 217; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(23), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1565.) 

§ 3753. Civil War battle streamers 

If, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, 

it is determined that a regiment or other unit of the Army is entitled to that honor, the regiment or unit may carry any appropriate 

Civil War battle streamer with its colors or standards. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 218.) 

§ 3754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal 

A person awarded a medal of honor shall, upon written application of that person, be issued, without charge, one duplicate 

medal of honor with ribbons and appurtenances. Such duplicate 

medal of honor shall be marked, in such manner as the Secretary 
1741 § 3756 CH. 357—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

of the Army may determine, as a duplicate or for display purposes 

only. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(a)(1)(A), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1115.) 

§ 3755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag 

The President shall provide for the presentation of the Medal 

of Honor Flag designated under section 903 of title 36 to each person to whom a medal of honor is awarded under section 3741 of 

this title. Presentation of the flag shall be made at the same time 

as the presentation of the medal under section 3741 or 3752(a) of 

this title. In the case of a posthumous presentation of the medal, 

the flag shall be presented to the person to whom the medal is presented. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, Sec. 8143(c)(1)(A), Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1570; amended 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1062(a)(16), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2650; Pub. L. 109– 

364, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2217.) 

§ 3756. Korea Defense Service Medal 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall issue a campaign medal, 

to be known as the Korea Defense Service Medal, to each person 

who while a member of the Army served in the Republic of Korea 

or the waters adjacent thereto during the KDSM eligibility period 

and met the service requirements for the award of that medal prescribed under subsection (c). 

(b) In this section, the term ‘‘KDSM eligibility period’’ means 

the period beginning on July 28, 1954, and ending on such date 

after the date of the enactment of this section as may be determined by the Secretary of Defense to be appropriate for terminating eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. 

(c) The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe service requirements for eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. Those requirements shall not be more stringent than the service requirements for award of the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for instances in which the award of that medal is authorized. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(b)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2549, Sec. 3755; 

renumbered Sec. 3756, Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(28), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 

2063.) 
1742 

[CHAPTER 359—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3781 to 3787. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 213, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

[CHAPTER 360—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3791 to 3797. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 213, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

[CHAPTER 361—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3811 to 3813. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 757, 758] 

[§ 3814. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 214, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

[§ 3814a. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§§ 3815, 3816. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 757, 758] 

[§ 3818. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 236, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2887] 

[§ 3819. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
1743 

[CHAPTER 363—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3841, 3842. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–559, Sec. 1(22), June 30, 

1960, 74 Stat. 271] 

[§ 3843. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 3847. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(12)(A), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 376] 

[§ 3848. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 3849. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–559, Sec. 1(27), June 30, 1960, 

74 Stat. 272] 

[§ 3850. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[CHAPTER 365—REPEALED] 

[§§ 3881, 3882. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), 

Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 3883 to 3886. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 216, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

[§ 3887. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 3888, 3889. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 216, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
1744 

CHAPTER 367—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

Sec. 

3911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers. 

[3912, 3913. Repealed.] 

3914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members. 

[3915, 3916. Repealed.] 

3917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members. 

3918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers. 

[3919. Repealed.] 

3920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and the Director of Admissions of the United States Military Academy. 

3921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority. 

[3922, 3923. Repealed.] 

3924. Forty years or more: Army officers. 

3925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members. 

3926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve 

commissioned officers. 

[3927, 3928. Repealed.] 

3929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable. 

§ 3911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may, upon the officer’s request, 

retire a regular or reserve commissioned officer of the Army who 

has at least 20 years of service computed under section 3926 of this 

title, at least 10 years of which have been active service as a commissioned officer. 

(b)(1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of 

the Army, during the period specified in paragraph (2), to reduce 

the requirement under subsection (a) for at least 10 years of active 

service as a commissioned officer to a period (determined by the 

Secretary of the Army) of not less than eight years. 

(2) The period specified in this paragraph is the period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 and ending on September 30, 2013. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 224; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(a), Nov. 5, 

1990, 104 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1667; 

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(e), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 106–398, 

Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 571(e)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–134; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3225; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, 

Sec. 1071(a)(27), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 506(a), Jan. 

7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4210.) 

[§ 3912. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§ 3913. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
1745 § 3921 CH. 367—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

§ 3914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members 

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army, an enlisted member of the Army who has at least 20, but 

less than 30, years of service computed under section 3925 of this 

title may, upon his request, be retired. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 225; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(25), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1565; Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 9(a)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1128; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 515(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2753.) 

[§ 3915. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(13), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 

Stat. 376] 

[§ 3916. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 3917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members 

A regular enlisted member of the Army who has at least 30 

years of service computed under section 3925 of this title shall be 

retired upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 226.) 

§ 3918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers 

A regular commissioned officer of the Army who has at least 

30 years of service computed under section 3926 of this title may 

be retired upon his request, in the discretion of the President. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 226.) 

[§ 3919. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 3920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and 

the Director of Admissions of the United States 

Military Academy 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may retire an officer specified 

in subsection (b) who has more than 30 years of service as a commissioned officer. 

(b) Subsection (a) applies in the case of the following officers: 

(1) Any permanent professor of the United States Military 

Academy. 

(2) The Director of Admissions of the United States Military Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 226; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 509(a)(1), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 297.) 

§ 3921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United 

States Military Academy; waiver authority 

(a) MANDATORY RETIREMENT.—Upon the termination of the detail of an officer to the position of Superintendent of the United 

States Military Academy, the Secretary of the Army shall retire the 

officer under any provision of this chapter under which that officer 

is eligible to retire. 

(b) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of Defense may waive 

the requirement in subsection (a) for good cause. In each case in 

which such a waiver is granted for an officer, the Secretary shall 

submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the 
[§ 3922 CH. 367—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 1746 

House of Representatives a written notification of the waiver, with 

a statement of the reasons supporting the decision that the officer 

not retire, and a written notification of the intent of the President 

to nominate the officer for reassignment. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 602; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(a)(1), (c)(1)(A), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1902, 1903.) 

[§§ 3922, 3923. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 3924. Forty years or more: Army officers 

(a) Except as provided in section 1186 of this title, a commissioned officer of the Army who has at least 40 years of service computed under section 3926 of this title shall be retired upon his request. 

(b) Any warrant officer of the Army who has at least 40 years 

of service computed under section 3926(a) of this title shall be retired upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 227; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2910.) 

§ 3925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members 

(a) For the purpose of determining whether an enlisted member of the Army may be retired under section 3914 or 3917 of this 

title, his years of service are computed by adding all active service 

in the armed forces and service computed under section 3683 of 

this title. 

(b) Time required to be made up under section 972(a) of this 

title may not be counted in determining years of service under subsection (a). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 228; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(97), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1488; 

Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 9(a)(2), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1128; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 202(c), 

July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2788; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(d)(2)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 322.) 

§ 3926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve commissioned officers 

(a) For the purpose of determining whether an officer of the 

Army may be retired under section 3911, 3918, or 3924 of this title, 

his years of service are computed by adding— 

(1) all active service performed as a member of the Army 

or the Air Force; 

(2) all service in the Navy or Marine Corps that may be 

included in determining the eligibility of an officer of the Navy 

or Marine Corps for retirement; 

(3) all service computed under section 3683 of this title; 

and 

(4) if an officer of the Regular Army, all active service performed as an officer of the Philippine Constabulary. 

(b) For the purpose of determining whether a commissioned officer of the Regular Army in the Medical Corps may be retired 

under section 3911, 3918, or 3924 of this title, his years of service 

are computed by adding to his service under subsection (a) all service performed as a contract surgeon, acting assistant surgeon, or 
1747 § 3929 CH. 367—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

contract physician, under a contract to serve full time and to take 

and change station as ordered. 

(c) For the purpose of determining whether a commissioned officer of the Regular Army in the Dental Corps may be retired 

under section 3911, 3918, or 3924 of this title, his years of service 

are computed by adding to his service under subsection (a) all service as a contract dental surgeon or acting dental surgeon. 

(d) For the purpose of determining whether a commissioned officer of the Army Nurse Corps or the Army Medical Specialist 

Corps may be retired under section 3911 of this title, all service 

computed under section 3683 of this title shall be treated as if it 

were service as a commissioned officer. 

(e) Section 972(b) of this title excludes from computation of an 

officer’s years of service for purposes of this section any time identified with respect to that officer under that section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 228; Pub. L. 86–197, Sec. 1(5), Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 426; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(d)(2)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 322.) 

[§ 3927. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

[§ 3928. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

§ 3929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable 

A member of the Army retired under this chapter is entitled 

to retired pay computed under chapter 371 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 230.) 
1748 

CHAPTER 369—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

3961. General rule. 

3962. Higher grade for service in special positions. 

3963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 

3964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

3965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers and enlisted members. 

3966. Retired lists. 

§ 3961. General rule 

(a) The retired grade of a regular commissioned officer of the 

Army who retires other than for physical disability, and the retired 

grade of a reserve commissioned officer of the Army who retires 

other than for physical disability, is determined under section 1370 

of this title. 

(b) Unless entitled to a higher retired grade under some other 

provision of law, a Regular or Reserve of the Army not covered by 

subsection (a) who retires other than for physical disability retires 

in the regular or reserve grade that he holds on the date of his retirement. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 230; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2910; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1672(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3015; 

Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 506(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

102.) 

§ 3962. Higher grade for service in special positions 

Upon retirement, any permanent professor of the United 

States Military Academy whose grade is below brigadier general, 

and whose service as such a professor has been long and distinguished, may, in the discretion of the President, be retired in the 

grade of brigadier general. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 230; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(99), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; 

Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 13(a)(1)–(3), Sept. 8, 

1980, 94 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(19), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2910; Pub. 

L. 97–22, Sec. 10(a)(2)(B), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 136; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 

502(c), (d)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 293.) 

§ 3963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted 

members reduced in grade not as a result of the 

member’s misconduct 

(a) A Reserve enlisted member of the Army described in subsection (b) who is retired under section 3914 of this title shall be 

retired in the highest enlisted grade in which the member served 

on active duty satisfactorily (or, in the case of a member of the National Guard, in which the member served on full-time National 

Guard duty satisfactorily), as determined by the Secretary of the 

Army. 

(b) This section applies to a Reserve enlisted member who— 
1749 § 3966 CH. 369—RETIRED GRADE 

(1) at the time of retirement is serving on active duty (or, 

in the case of a member of the National Guard, on full-time 

National Guard duty) in a grade lower than the highest enlisted grade held by the member while on active duty (or fulltime National Guard duty); and 

(2) was previously administratively reduced in grade not 

as a result of the member’s own misconduct, as determined by 

the Secretary of the Army. 

(c) This section applies with respect to Reserve enlisted members who are retired under section 3914 of this title after September 30, 1996. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2518.) 

§ 3964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members 

(a) Each retired member of the Army covered by subsection (b) 

who is retired with less than 30 years of active service is entitled, 

when his active service plus his service on the retired list totals 30 

years, to be advanced on the retired list to the highest grade in 

which he served on active duty satisfactorily (or, in the case of a 

member of the National Guard, in which he served on full-time 

duty satisfactorily), as determined by the Secretary of the Army. 

(b) This section applies to— 

(1) warrant officers of the Army; 

(2) enlisted members of the Regular Army; and 

(3) reserve enlisted members of the Army who, at the time 

of retirement, are serving on active duty (or, in the case of 

members of the National Guard, on full-time National Guard 

duty). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 231; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(100), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; 

Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 533(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 512(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1089.) 

§ 3965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers 

and enlisted members 

Each retired warrant officer or enlisted member of the Army 

who has been advanced on the retired list to a higher commissioned grade under section 3964 of this title, and who applies to 

the Secretary of the Army within three months after his advancement, shall, if the Secretary approves, be restored on the retired 

list to his former warrant officer or enlisted status, as the case may 

be. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 231; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(d)(1), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(i)(1)(A), Sept. 29, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2058.) 

§ 3966. Retired lists 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall maintain a retired list containing the name of each retired commissioned officer of the Regular Army. 

(b) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of— 

(1) each person entitled to retired pay under any law providing retired pay for commissioned officers of the Army, other 

than of the Regular Army; and 
§ 3966 CH. 369—RETIRED GRADE 1750 

(2) each retired warrant officer or enlisted member of the 

Army who is advanced to a commissioned grade. 

(c) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of each retired warrant officer of the Army. 

(d) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of each retired enlisted member of the Regular Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 231; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(101), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; 

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(d)(1), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090.) 
1751 

CHAPTER 371—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 

Sec. 

3991. Computation of retired pay. 

3992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement on retired list. 

§ 3991. Computation of retired pay 

(a) COMPUTATION.— (1) FORMULA.—The monthly retired pay of a member entitled to such pay under this subtitle is computed by multiplying— 

(A) the member’s retired pay base (as computed under 

section 1406(c) or 1407 of this title), by 

(B) the retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 

1409 of this title for the number of years credited to the 

member under section 1405 of this title. 

(2) ADDITIONAL 10 PERCENT FOR CERTAIN ENLISTED MEMBERS CREDITED WITH EXTRAORDINARY HEROISM.—If a member 

who is retired under section 3914 of this title has been credited 

by the Secretary of the Army with extraordinary heroism in 

the line of duty, the member’s retired pay shall be increased 

by 10 percent of the amount determined under paragraph (1) 

(but to not more than 75 percent of the retired pay base upon 

which the computation of such retired pay is based). The Secretary’s determination as to extraordinary heroism is conclusive for all purposes. 

(b) GENERAL RULES.— 

(1) USE OF MOST FAVORABLE FORMULA.—If a person would 

otherwise be entitled to retired pay computed under more than 

one formula in subsection (a) or the table in section 1401 of 

this title, he is entitled to be paid under the applicable formula 

that is most favorable to him. 

(2) ROUNDING TO NEXT LOWER DOLLAR.—The amount computed under subsection (a), if not a multiple of $1, shall be 

rounded to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR RETIRED RESERVE ENLISTED MEMBERS

COVERED BY SECTION 3963.—In the case of a Reserve enlisted 

member retired under section 3914 of this title whose retired grade 

is determined under section 3963 of this title and who first became 

a member of a uniformed service before September 8, 1980, the retired pay base of the member (notwithstanding section 1406(a)(1) 

of this title) is the amount of the monthly basic pay of the member’s retired grade (determined based upon the rates of basic pay 

applicable on the date of the member’s retirement), and that 

amount shall be used for the purposes of subsection (a)(1)(A) rather 

than the amount computed under section 1406(c) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 232; Pub. L. 85–155, title I, Sec. 101(23), Aug. 21, 1957, 

71 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 6(1), (8), 11(a)(5), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 129, 131; Pub. L. 

85–861, Sec. 1(101A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(2), Oct. 2, 1963, 
§ 3992 CH. 371—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 1752 

77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–207, Sec. 3(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, 

Sec. 813(c), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(21), (22), 512(10), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2910, 2929; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(7), 923(a)(1), (2)(F), Sept. 24, 

1983, 97 Stat. 641, 642; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 202(a), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 694; Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2788; Pub. L. 104–201, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 532(d)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2520.) 

§ 3992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement 

on retired list 

(a) ENTITLEMENT TO RECOMPUTATION.—An enlisted member or 

warrant officer of the Army who is advanced on the retired list 

under section 3964 of this title is entitled to recompute his retired 

pay in accordance with this section. 

(b) FORMULA.—The monthly retired pay of a member entitled 

to recompute that pay under this section is computed by multiplying— 

(1) the member’s retired pay base (as computed under section 1406(c) or 1407 of this title), by 

(2) the retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 1409 of 

this title for the number of years credited to the member under 

section 1405 of this title. 

(c) ROUNDING TO NEXT LOWER DOLLAR.—The amount computed under subsection (b), if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded 

to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 233; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(c), Sept. 8, 1980, 

94 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(10), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 97– 

295, Sec. 1(40), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(8), 923(a)(1), 

(2)(G), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 641–643; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 202(b), July 1, 1986, 100 

Stat. 695; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2788.) 
1753 

CHAPTER 373—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

4021. Army War College and United States Army Command and General Staff 

College: civilian faculty members. 

[4022, 4023. Repealed.] 

4024. Expert accountant for Inspector General. 

4025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay of laborers and mechanics. 

4027. Civilian special agents of the Criminal Investigation Command: authority 

to execute warrants and make arrests. 

§ 4021. Army War College and United States Army Command 

and General Staff College: civilian faculty members 

(a) AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary of the Army 

may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Army War College or the United States Army Command and General Staff College as the Secretary considers necessary. 

(b) COMPENSATION OF FACULTY MEMBERS.—The compensation 

of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by 

the Secretary. 

(c) APPLICATION TO CERTAIN FACULTY MEMBERS.—(1) Except as 

provided in paragraph (2), this section shall apply with respect to 

persons who are selected by the Secretary for employment as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Army War College or the 

United States Army Command and General Staff College after the 

end of the 90-day period beginning on November 29, 1989. 

(2) This section shall not apply with respect to professors, instructors, and lecturers employed at the Army War College or the 

United States Army Command and General Staff College if the duration of the principal course of instruction offered at the college 

involved is less than 10 months. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1124(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1558; amended 

Pub. L. 107–107, title X, Sec. 1048(c)(12), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1226.) 

[§ 4022. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 932(b)(1), Sept. 

24, 1983, 97 Stat. 650] 

[§ 4023. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 116(1), Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 513] 

§ 4024. Expert accountant for Inspector General 

The Secretary of the Army shall appoint an expert accountant 

to perform duties under the Inspector General. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 234.) 
§ 4025 CH. 373—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 1754 

§ 4025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay 

of laborers and mechanics 

During a national emergency declared by the President, the 

regular working hours of laborers and mechanics of the Department of the Army producing military supplies or munitions are 8 

hours a day or 40 hours a week. However, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army these hours may be exceeded. 

Each laborer or mechanic who works more than 40 hours in a 

workweek shall be paid at a rate not less than one and one-half 

times the regular hourly rate for each hour in excess of 40. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 234.) 

§ 4027. Civilian special agents of the Criminal Investigation 

Command: authority to execute warrants and 

make arrests 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Army may authorize any 

Department of the Army civilian employee described in subsection 

(b) to have the same authority to execute and serve warrants and 

other processes issued under the authority of the United States 

and to make arrests without a warrant as may be authorized under 

section 1585a of this title for special agents of the Defense Criminal Investigative Service. 

(b) AGENTS TO HAVE AUTHORITY.—Subsection (a) applies to 

any employee of the Department of the Army who is a special 

agent of the Army Criminal Investigation Command (or a successor 

to that command) whose duties include conducting, supervising, or 

coordinating investigations of criminal activity in programs and operations of the Department of the Army. 

(c) GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY.—The authority 

provided under subsection (a) shall be exercised in accordance with 

guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the Army and approved 

by the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General and any 

other applicable guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army, the Secretary of Defense, or the Attorney General. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [(div. A), title V, Sec. 554(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–126.) 
1755 

CHAPTER 375—MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATION 

REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER DUTIES 

Sec. 

4061. Fatality reviews. 

§ 4061. Fatality reviews 

(a) REVIEW OF FATALITIES.—The Secretary of the Army shall 

conduct a multidisciplinary, impartial review (referred to as a ‘‘fatality review’’) in the case of each fatality known or suspected to 

have resulted from domestic violence or child abuse against any of 

the following: 

(1) A member of the Army on active duty. 

(2) A current or former dependent of a member of the 

Army on active duty. 

(3) A current or former intimate partner who has a child 

in common or has shared a common domicile with a member 

of the Army on active duty. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report of a fatality review 

under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, include the following: 

(1) An executive summary. 

(2) Data setting forth victim demographics, injuries, autopsy findings, homicide or suicide methods, weapons, police 

information, assailant demographics, and household and family 

information. 

(3) Legal disposition. 

(4) System intervention and failures, if any, within the Department of Defense. 

(5) A discussion of significant findings. 

(6) Recommendations for systemic changes, if any, within 

the Department of the Army and the Department of Defense. 

(c) OSD GUIDANCE.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

guidance, which shall be uniform for the military departments, for 

the conduct of reviews by the Secretary under subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 576(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1486.) 

1757 

PART III—TRAINING 

Chap. Sec. 

401. Training Generally .......................................................... 4301 

403. United States Military Academy ................................... 4331 

[405. Repealed.] 

407. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 4411 

1759 

CHAPTER 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

4301. Members of Army: detail as students, observers, and investigators at educational institutions, industrial plants, and hospitals. 

4302. Enlisted members of Army: schools. 

4303. Army Ranger training: instructor staffing; safety. 

4306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors. 

[4307, 4308. Repealed.] 

4309. Rifle ranges: availability for use by members and civilians. 

[4310 to 4313. Repealed.] 

4314. Degree granting authority for United States Army Command and General 

Staff College. 

4315. The Judge Advocate General’s School: master of laws in military law. 

4316. Reporting requirements. 

4317. Military history fellowships. 

4318. Drill sergeant trainees: human relations training. 

4319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male and female recruits. 

4320. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

4321. Degree granting authority for United States Army War College. 

§ 4301. Members of Army: detail as students, observers, and 

investigators at educational institutions, industrial 

plants, and hospitals 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may detail members of the Army 

as students at such technical, professional, and other civilian educational institutions, or as students, observers, or investigators at 

such industrial plants, hospitals, and other places, as are best suited to enable them to acquire knowledge or experience in the specialties in which it is considered necessary that they perfect themselves. 

(b) An officer, other than one of the Regular Army on the active-duty list, who is detailed under subsection (a) shall be ordered 

to additional active duty immediately upon termination of the detail, for a period at least as long as the detail. However, if the detail is for 90 days or less, the officer may be ordered to that additional duty only with his consent and in the discretion of the Secretary. 

(c) No Reserve of the Army may be detailed as a student, observer, or investigator, or ordered to active duty under this section, 

without his consent and, if a member of the Army National Guard 

of the United States, without the approval of the governor or other 

appropriate authority of the State, the Commonwealth of Puerto 

Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, or the Virgin Islands of 

whose Army National Guard he is a member. 

(d) The Secretary may require, as a condition of a detail under 

subsection (a), that an enlisted member accept a discharge and be 

reenlisted in his component for at least three years. 

(e) The total length of details of an enlisted member of the 

Army under subsection (a) during one enlistment may not exceed 

50 percent of that enlistment. 
§ 4302 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 1760 

(f) At no time may more than 8 percent of the authorized 

strength in commissioned officers, 8 percent of the authorized 

strength in warrant officers, or 2 percent of the authorized strength 

in enlisted members, of the Regular Army, or more than 8 percent 

of the actual strength in commissioned officers, 8 percent of the actual strength in warrant officers, or 2 percent of the actual 

strength in enlisted members, of the total of reserve components of 

the Army, be detailed as students under subsection (a). For the 

purposes of this subsection, the actual strength of each category of 

Reserves includes both members on active duty and those not on 

active duty. 

(g) Expenses incident to the detail of members under this section shall be paid from any funds appropriated for the Department 

of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 234; Pub. L. 93–169, Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 

96–513, title V, Sec. 502(23), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2910; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, 

Sec. 1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(9), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 4302. Enlisted members of Army: schools 

(a) So far as consistent with the requirements of military training and service, and under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army with the approval of the President, enlisted 

members of the Army shall be permitted to study and receive instruction to increase their military efficiency and to enable them to 

return to civilian life better equipped for industrial, commercial, 

and business occupations. Part of this instruction may be vocational education in agriculture or the mechanic arts. Civilian teachers may be employed to aid Army officers in this instruction. 

(b) Schools for the instruction of enlisted members of the Army 

in the common branches of education, including United States history shall be maintained at all posts at which members of the 

Army are stationed. The Secretary may detail members of the 

Army to carry out this subsection. The commander of each post 

where schools are maintained under this subsection shall provide 

a suitable room or building for school and religious purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 235.) 

§ 4303. Army Ranger training: instructor staffing; safety 

(a) LEVELS OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Army shall ensure that at all times the number of officers, and the 

number of enlisted members, permanently assigned to the Ranger 

Training Brigade (or other organizational element of the Army primarily responsible for Ranger student training) are not less than 

90 percent of the required manning spaces for officers, and for enlisted members, respectively, for that brigade. 

(2) In this subsection, the term ‘‘required manning spaces’’ 

means the number of personnel spaces for officers, and the number 

of personnel spaces for enlisted members, that are designated in 

Army authorization documents as the number required to accomplish the missions of a particular unit or organization. 

(b) TRAINING SAFETY CELLS.—(1) The Secretary of the Army 

shall establish and maintain an organizational entity known as a 

‘‘safety cell’’ as part of the organizational elements of the Army responsible for conducting each of the three major phases of the 
1761 § 4309 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Ranger Course. The safety cell in each different geographic area of 

Ranger Course training shall be comprised of personnel who have 

sufficient continuity and experience in that geographic area of such 

training to be knowledgeable of the local conditions year-round, including conditions of terrain, weather, water, and climate and other 

conditions and the potential effect on those conditions on Ranger 

student training and safety. 

(2) Members of each safety cell shall be assigned in sufficient 

numbers to serve as advisers to the officers in charge of the major 

phase of Ranger training and shall assist those officers in making 

informed daily ‘‘go’’ and ‘‘no-go’’ decisions regarding training in 

light of all relevant conditions, including conditions of terrain, 

weather, water, and climate and other conditions. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 562(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 323.) 

§ 4306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors 

The officer in charge of an Army service school may grant a 

leave of absence for the period of the suspension of the ordinary 

academic studies, without reduction of pay or allowances, to any officer on duty exclusively as an instructor at the school. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 235.) 

[§§ 4307, 4308. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1624(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 522] 

§ 4309. Rifle ranges: availability for use by members and civilians 

(a) RANGES AVAILABLE.—All rifle ranges constructed in whole 

or in part with funds provided by the United States may be used 

by members of the armed forces and by persons capable of bearing 

arms. 

(b) MILITARY RANGES.—(1) In the case of a rifle range referred 

to in subsection (a) that is located on a military installation, the 

Secretary concerned may establish reasonable fees for the use by 

civilians of that rifle range to cover the material and supply costs 

incurred by the armed forces to make that rifle range available to 

civilians. 

(2) Fees collected pursuant to paragraph (1) in connection with 

the use of a rifle range shall be credited to the appropriation available for the operation and maintenance of that rifle range and shall 

be available for the operation and maintenance of that rifle range. 

(3) Use of a rifle range referred to in paragraph (1) by civilians 

may not interfere with the use of the range by members of the 

armed forces. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—Regulations to carry out this section with 

respect to a rifle range shall be prescribed, subject to the approval 

of the Secretary concerned, by the authorities controlling the rifle 

range. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 236; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(b)(3)(A), Nov. 8, 

1985, 99 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title III, Sec. 328(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1533; 

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title III, Sec. 380(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2390.) 
[§ 4310 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 1762 

[§ 4310. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1624(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 522] 

[§§ 4312, 4313. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–225, Sec. 6(b), Aug. 12, 

1998, 112 Stat. 1499] 

§ 4314. Degree granting authority for United States Army 

Command and General Staff College 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Army, the Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College may, upon the recommendation of 

the faculty and dean of the college, confer appropriate degrees upon 

graduates who meet the degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the United States Army Command and General Staff 

College is accredited by the appropriate civilian academic accrediting agency or organization to award the degree, as determined by the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the 

United States Army Command and General Staff College to award 

any new or existing degree. 

(Added Pub. L. 93–365, title VII, Sec. 708(a)(1), Aug. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 407; amended Pub. L. 

96–513, title V, Sec. 512(11), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, 

Sec. 1322(a)(13), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1671; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 543(c)(1), 

Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4458.) 
1763 § 4318 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 

§ 4315. The Judge Advocate General’s School: master of laws 

in military law 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, the 

Commandant of the Judge Advocate General’s School of the Army 

may, upon recommendation by the faculty of such school, confer the 

degree of master of laws (LL.M.) in military law upon graduates of 

the school who have fulfilled the requirements for that degree. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1086.) 

§ 4316. Reporting requirements 

The Secretary of the Army shall biennially submit to the Congress a report that specifies the overall expenditures for programs 

and activities under this chapter and any progress made with respect to achieving financial self-sufficiency of the programs and activities. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title III, Sec. 380(d)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2391; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1624(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 522.) 

§ 4317. Military history fellowships 

(a) FELLOWSHIPS.—The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe 

regulations under which the Secretary may award fellowships in 

military history of the Army to the persons described in subsection 

(b). 

(b) ELIGIBLE PERSONS.—The persons eligible for awards of fellowships under this section are citizens and nationals of the United 

States who— 

(1) are graduate students in United States military history; 

(2) have completed all requirements for a doctoral degree 

other than preparation of a dissertation; and 

(3) agree to prepare a dissertation in a subject area of military history determined by the Secretary. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—The regulations prescribed under this section shall include— 

(1) the criteria for award of fellowships; 

(2) the procedures for selecting recipients; 

(3) the basis for determining the amount of a fellowship; 

and 

(4) the total amount that may be awarded as fellowships 

during an academic year. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, Sec. 1076(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2511, Sec. 4316; 

renumbered Sec. 4317, Pub. L. 103–35, title II, Sec. 201(b)(2)(A), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 98.) 

§ 4318. Drill sergeant trainees: human relations training 

(a) HUMAN RELATIONS TRAINING REQUIRED.—The Secretary of 

the Army shall include as part of the training program for drill sergeants a course in human relations. The course shall be a minimum of two days in duration. 

(b) RESOURCES.—In developing a human relations course under 

this section, the Secretary shall use the capabilities and expertise 

of the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI). 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1750.) 
§ 4319 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 1764 

§ 4319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male 

and female recruits 

(a) PHYSICALLY SEPARATE HOUSING.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Army shall provide for housing male recruits and female recruits 

separately and securely from each other during basic training. 

(2) To meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the sleeping 

areas and latrine areas provided for male recruits shall be physically separated from the sleeping areas and latrine areas provided 

for female recruits by permanent walls, and the areas for male recruits and the areas for female recruits shall have separate entrances. 

(3) The Secretary shall ensure that, when a recruit is in an 

area referred to in paragraph (2), the area is supervised by one or 

more persons who are authorized and trained to supervise the 

area. 

(b) ALTERNATIVE SEPARATE HOUSING.—If male recruits and female recruits cannot be housed as provided under subsection (a) by 

October 1, 2001, at a particular installation, the Secretary of the 

Army shall require (on and after that date) that male recruits in 

basic training at such installation be housed in barracks or other 

troop housing facilities that are only for males and that female recruits in basic training at such installation be housed in barracks 

or other troop housing facilities that are only for females. 

(c) CONSTRUCTION PLANNING.—In planning for the construction 

of housing to be used for housing recruits during basic training, the 

Secretary of the Army shall ensure that the housing is to be constructed in a manner that facilitates the housing of male recruits 

and female recruits separately and securely from each other. 

(d) BASIC TRAINING DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘basic 

training’’ means the initial entry training program of the Army 

that constitutes the basic training of new recruits. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2009.) 

§ 4320. Recruit basic training: privacy 

The Secretary of the Army shall require that access by drill 

sergeants and other training personnel to a living area in which recruits are housed during basic training shall be limited after the 

end of the training day, other than in the case of an emergency or 

other exigent circumstance, to drill sergeants and other training 

personnel who are of the same sex as the recruits housed in that 

living area or to superiors in the chain of command of those recruits who, if not of the same sex as the recruits housed in that 

living area, are accompanied by a member (other than a recruit) 

who is of the same sex as the recruits housed in that living area. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2012.) 

§ 4321. Degree granting authority for United States Army 

War College 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Army, the Commandant of the United States Army War College may, upon the recommendation of the faculty and dean of the 

college, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates who meet the 

degree requirements. 
1765 § 4321 CH. 401—TRAINING GENERALLY 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the United States Army War College is accredited by 

the appropriate civilian academic accrediting agency or organization to award the degree, as determined by the Secretary of 

Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the 

United States Army War College to award any new or existing 

degree. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 542(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 607; amended Pub. 

L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 543(d)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4459.) 
1766 

CHAPTER 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

Sec. 

4331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty. 

4332. Departments and professors: titles. 

4333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail. 

4333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position. 

4334. Command and supervision. 

4335. Dean of Academic Board. 

4336. Permanent professors; director of admissions. 

4337. Chaplain. 

4338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation. 

[4339. Repealed.] 

4340. Quartermaster. 

4341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence. 

4341a. Cadets: appointment by the President. 

4342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution. 

4343. Cadets: appointment; to bring Corps to full strength. 

4344. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

4345. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

4345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 

4346. Cadets: requirements for admission. 

4347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States. 

4348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer. 

4349. Cadets: organization of Corps; service; instruction. 

4350. Cadets: clothing and equipment. 

4351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of failure on successor. 

4352. Cadets: hazing. 

4353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation. 

4354. Buildings and grounds: memorial hall; buildings for religious worship. 

4355. Board of Visitors. 

4356. Use of certain gifts. 

4357. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

4358. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

4359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

4360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

4361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 

§ 4331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty 

(a) There is in the Department of the Army a United States 

Military Academy, at West Point, New York (hereinafter in this 

chapter referred to as the ‘‘Academy’’), for the instruction and preparation for military service of selected persons called ‘‘cadets’’. The 

organization of the Academy shall be prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Army. 

(b) There shall be at the Academy the following: 

(1) A Superintendent. 

(2) A Dean of the Academic Board, who is a permanent 

professor. 

(3) A Commandant of Cadets. 

(4) Twenty-eight permanent professors. 
1767 § 4333a CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(5) A chaplain. 

(6) A director of admissions. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 238; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(8), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; 

Pub. L. 85–723, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 711; Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 1, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(12), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 523(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(a)(3), 

Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1658; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 507, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 

Stat. 96.) 

§ 4332. Departments and professors: titles 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may prescribe the titles of each 

of the departments of instruction and the professors of the Academy. However, the change of the title of a department or officer 

does not affect the status, rank, or eligibility for promotion or retirement of, or otherwise prejudice, a professor at the Academy. 

(b) Upon becoming the senior professor in a department, a permanent professor thereby becomes the head of that department. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 238.) 

§ 4333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail 

(a) The Superintendent and the Commandant of Cadets of the 

Academy shall be detailed to those positions by the President from 

any branch of the Army. Other officers on duty at the Academy, except the permanent professors, may be detailed from any branch of 

the Army. 

(b) The permanent professors of the Academy shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate. 

(c) The director of admissions of the Academy shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, and shall perform such duties as the Superintendent of the 

Academy may prescribe with the approval of the Secretary of the 

Army. 

(d) Any officer of the Regular Army in a grade above captain 

may be detailed to perform the duties of director of admissions 

without being appointed as director of admissions. Such a detail 

does not affect his position on the active-duty list. 

(e) No graduate of the Academy may be appointed or detailed 

to serve at the Academy as a professor or instructor, or as an assistant to a professor or instructor, within two years after his graduation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 238; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(9), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; 

Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 2, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(24), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2910.) 

§ 4333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position 

(a) RETIREMENT.—As a condition for detail to the position of 

Superintendent of the Academy, an officer shall acknowledge that 

upon termination of that detail the officer shall be retired pursuant 

to section 3921(a) of this title, unless such retirement is waived 

under section 3921(b) of this title. 

(b) MINIMUM TOUR OF DUTY.—An officer who is detailed to the 

position of Superintendent of the Academy shall be so detailed for 

a period of not less than three years. In any case in which an officer serving as Superintendent is reassigned or retires before having 

completed three years service as Superintendent, or otherwise 
§ 4334 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1768 

leaves that position (other than due to death) without having completed three years service in that position, the Secretary of the 

Army shall submit to Congress notice that such officer left the position of Superintendent without having completed three years service in that position, together with a statement of the reasons why 

that officer did not complete three years service in that position. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(1)(B), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 603; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1902.) 

§ 4334. Command and supervision 

(a) The supervision and charge of the Academy is in the Department of the Army, under officers of the Army detailed to that 

duty by the Secretary of the Army. 

(b) The immediate government of the Academy is under the 

Superintendent, who is also the commanding officer of the Academy and of the military post at West Point. 

(c) The Commandant of Cadets is the immediate commander of 

the Corps of Cadets, and is in charge of the instruction of the Corps 

in tactics. 

(d) The permanent professors and the director of admissions 

exercise command only in the academic department of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 239; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(10), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 523; 

Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 2, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069.) 

§ 4335. Dean of Academic Board 

(a) The Dean of the Academic Board shall be appointed as an 

additional permanent professor from the permanent professors who 

have served as heads of departments of instruction at the Academy. 

(b) The Dean of the Academic Board shall perform such duties 

as the Superintendent of the Academy may prescribe with the approval of the Secretary of the Army. 

(c) While serving as Dean of the Academic Board, an officer of 

the Army who holds a grade lower than brigadier general shall 

hold the grade of brigadier general, if appointed to that grade by 

the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

The retirement age of an officer so appointed is that of a permanent professor of the Academy. An officer so appointed is counted 

for purposes of the limitation in section 526(a) of this title on general officers of the Army on active duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 239; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(46)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1567; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3866; Pub. L. 102– 

484, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 533(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 604.) 

§ 4336. Permanent professors; director of admissions 

(a) A permanent professor of the Academy, other than the 

Dean of the Academic Board, who is the head of a department of 

instruction, or who has served as such a professor for more than 

six years, has the grade of colonel. However, a permanent professor 

appointed from the Regular Army has the grade of colonel after the 

date when he completes six years of service as a professor, or after 

the date on which he would have been promoted had he been selected for promotion from among officers in the promotion zone, 
1769 § 4340 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

whichever is earlier. All other permanent professors have the grade 

of lieutenant colonel. 

(b) A person appointed as director of admissions of the Academy has the regular grade of lieutenant colonel, and, after he has 

served six years as director of admissions, has the regular grade 

of colonel. However, a person appointed from the Regular Army has 

the regular grade of colonel after the date when he completes six 

years of service as director of admissions, or after the date on 

which he would have been promoted had he been selected for promotion from among officers in the promotion zone, whichever is 

earlier. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 239; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(11), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 523; 

Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(46)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1567; Pub. L. 95–551, Sec. 2, 4(a), Oct. 

30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 218(a), title V, Sec. 502(25), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2886, 2911; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 533(d)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528.) 

§ 4337. Chaplain 

There shall be a chaplain at the Academy, who must be a clergyman, appointed by the President for a term of four years. The 

chaplain is entitled to a monthly housing allowance in the same 

amount as the basic allowance for housing allowed to a lieutenant 

colonel, and to fuel and light for quarters in kind. The chaplain 

may be reappointed. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 239; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 117, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

513; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 540(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1109.) 

§ 4338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may employ as many civilians 

as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Academy as the Secretary considers necessary. 

(b) The compensation of persons employed under this section 

is as prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) The Secretary of the Army may, notwithstanding the provisions of subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5 or section 6101 of such 

title, prescribe for persons employed under this section the following: 

(1) The work schedule, including hours of work and tours 

of duty, set forth with such specificity and other characteristics 

as the Secretary determines appropriate. 

(2) Any premium pay or compensatory time off for hours 

of work or tours of duty in excess of the regularly scheduled 

hours or tours of duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1658; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1107(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 778.) 

[§ 4339. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–716, Sec. 1, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 

Stat. 1114] 

§ 4340. Quartermaster 

The Secretary of the Army shall detail a commissioned officer 

of the Army as quartermaster for the Corps of Cadets. The quartermaster shall— 

(1) buy and issue all supplies for the cadets; 

(2) buy and issue all provisions for the mess; and 

(3) supervise the mess. 
§ 4341 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1770 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 240.) 

§ 4341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence 

The Superintendent of the Academy may grant a leave of absence for the period of the suspension of the ordinary academic 

studies, without deduction of pay or allowances, to a professor, assistant professor, instructor, or other officer of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 240.) 

§ 4341a. Cadets: appointment by the President 

Cadets at the Academy shall be appointed by the President 

alone. An appointment is conditional until the cadet is admitted. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 203(a)(2)(A), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1006.) 

§ 4342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution 

(a) The authorized strength of the Corps of Cadets of the Academy (determined for any year as of the day before the last day of 

the academic year) is 4,400 or such lower number as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army under subsection (j). Subject 

to that limitation, cadets are selected as follows: 

(1) 65 cadets selected in order of merit as established by 

competitive examinations from the children of members of the 

armed forces who were killed in action or died of, or have a 

service-connected disability rated at not less than 100 per centum resulting from, wounds or injuries received or diseases 

contracted in, or preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, 

active service, children of members who are in a ‘‘missing status’’ as defined in section 551(2) of title 37, and children of civilian employees who are in ‘‘missing status’’ as defined in section 5561(5) of title 5. The determination of the Department of 

Veterans Affairs as to service connection of the cause of death 

or disability, and the percentage at which the disability is 

rated, is binding upon the Secretary of the Army. 

(2) Five cadets nominated at large by the Vice President 

or, if there is no Vice President, by the President pro tempore 

of the Senate. 

(3) Ten cadets from each State, five of whom are nominated by each Senator from that State. 

(4) Five cadets from each congressional district, nominated 

by the Representative from the district. 

(5) Five cadets from the District of Columbia, nominated 

by the Delegate to the House of Representatives from the District of Columbia. 

(6) Three cadets from the Virgin Islands, nominated by the 

Delegate in Congress from the Virgin Islands. 

(7) Six cadets from Puerto Rico, five of whom are nominated by the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico and one 

who is a native of Puerto Rico nominated by the Governor of 

Puerto Rico. 

(8) Three cadets from Guam, nominated by the Delegate in 

Congress from Guam. 

(9) Two cadets from American Samoa, nominated by the 

Delegate in Congress from American Samoa. 
1771 § 4342 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(10) Two cadets from the Commonwealth of the Northern 

Mariana Islands, nominated by the Delegate in Congress from 

the commonwealth. 

Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, including 

the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is available to him under 

this section. Nominees may be submitted without ranking or with 

a principal candidate and 9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified nominees not selected for appointment under this subsection 

shall be considered qualified alternates for the purposes of selection 

under other provisions of this chapter. 

(b) In addition, there may be appointed each year at the Academy cadets as follows: 

(1) one hundred selected by the President from the children of members of an armed force who— 

(A) are on active duty (other than for training) and 

who have served continuously on active duty for at least 

eight years; 

(B) are, or who died while they were, retired with pay 

or granted retired or retainer pay; 

(C) are serving as members of reserve components and 

are credited with at least eight years of service computed 

under section 12733 of this title; or 

(D) would be, or who died while they would have been, 

entitled to retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title except for not having attained 60 years of age; 

however, a person who is eligible for selection under clause (1) 

of subsection (a) may not be selected under this clause. 

(2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Army from enlisted members of the Regular Army. 

(3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Army from enlisted members of reserve components of the Army. 

(4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the Army, under regulations prescribed by him, from the honor graduates of 

schools designated as honor schools by the Department of the 

Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 

Air Force, and from members of the Reserve Officers’ Training 

Corps. 

(5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the Army in order of 

merit (prescribed pursuant to section 4343 of this title) from 

qualified alternates nominated by persons named in clauses (3) 

and (4) of subsection (a). 

(c) The President may also appoint as cadets at the Academy 

children of persons who have been awarded the Medal of Honor for 

acts performed while in the armed forces. 

(d) The Superintendent may nominate for appointment each 

year 50 persons from the country at large. Persons nominated 

under this paragraph may not displace any appointment authorized under clauses (2) through (9) of subsection (a) and may not 

cause the total strength of the Corps of Cadets to exceed the authorized number. 

(e) If the annual quota of cadets under subsection (b)(1), (2), (3) 

is not filled, the Secretary may fill the vacancies by nominating for 

appointment other candidates from any of these sources who were 
§ 4342 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1772 

found best qualified on examination for admission and not otherwise nominated. 

(f) Each candidate for admission nominated under clauses (3) 

through (9) of subsection (a) must be domiciled in the State, or in 

the congressional district, from which he is nominated, or in the 

District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the 

Virgin Islands, if nominated from one of those places. 

(g) The Secretary of the Army may limit the number of cadets 

authorized to be appointed under this section to the number that 

can be adequately accommodated at the Academy, as determined 

by the Secretary after consulting with Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the 

House of Representatives, subject to the following: 

(1) Cadets chargeable to each nominating authority named 

in subsection (a)(3) or (4) may not be limited to less than four. 

(2) If the Secretary limits the number of appointments 

under subsection (a)(3) or (4), appointments under subsection 

(b)(1)–(4) are limited as follows: 

(A) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(1); 

(B) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(2); 

(C) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(3); and 

(D) 13 appointments under subsection (b)(4). 

(3) If the Secretary limits the number of appointments 

under subsection (b)(5), appointments under subsection (b)(2)– 

(4) are limited as follows: 

(A) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(2); 

(B) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(3); and 

(C) 13 appointments under subsection (b)(4). 

(4) The limitations provided for in this subsection do not 

affect the operation of subsection (e). 

(h) The Superintendent shall furnish to any Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, the name of the 

Congressman or other nominating authority responsible for the 

nomination of any named or identified person for appointment to 

the Academy. 

(i) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) establishing 

the aggregate authorized strength of the Corps of Cadets, the Secretary of the Army may for any year permit a variance in that limitation by not more than one percent. In applying that limitation, 

and any such variance, the last day of an academic year shall be 

considered to be graduation day. 

(j)(1) Beginning with the 2003–2004 academic year, the Secretary of the Army may prescribe annual increases in the cadet 

strength limit in effect under subsection (a). For any academic 

year, any such increase shall be by no more than 100 cadets or 

such lesser number as applies under paragraph (3) for that year. 

Such annual increases may be prescribed until the cadet strength 

limit is 4,400. 

(2) Any increase in the cadet strength limit under paragraph 

(1) with respect to an academic year shall be prescribed not later 

than the date on which the budget of the President is submitted 

to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 for the fiscal year beginning in the same year as the year in which that academic year begins. Whenever the Secretary prescribes such an increase, the Sec-
1773 § 4344 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

retary shall submit to Congress a notice in writing of the increase. 

The notice shall state the amount of the increase in the cadet 

strength limit and the new cadet strength limit, as so increased, 

and the amount of the increase in Senior Army Reserve Officers’ 

Training Corps enrollment under each of sections 2104 and 2107 

of this title. 

(3) The amount of an increase under paragraph (1) in the cadet 

strength limit for an academic year may not exceed the increase (if 

any) for the preceding academic year in the total number of cadets 

enrolled in the Army Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program under chapter 103 of this title who have entered into an 

agreement under section 2104 or 2107 of this title. 

(4) In this subsection, the term ‘‘cadet strength limit’’ means 

the authorized maximum strength of the Corps of Cadets of the 

Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 240; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(26), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1565; Pub. L. 87–663, Sec. 1(1), (2), Sept. 14, 1962, 76 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 1(1), Mar. 

3, 1964, 78 Stat. 148; Pub. L. 89–650, Sec. 1(1)–(4), Oct. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 90– 

374, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 2(8), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. 

L. 91–405, title II, Sec. 204(c), Sept. 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 92–365, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 7, 

1972, 86 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 1(1)–(4), Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 94–106, 

title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(1), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(13), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 96–600, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3493; Pub. L. 97– 

60, title II, Sec. 203(a)(1), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1006; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1005(a)(1), 

(b)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 660; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 

1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 

1563; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 531, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 103– 

337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1672(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3015; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 532(a), title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 314, 502; Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(62), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 

531(b)(1), title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 602, 774; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. 

A], title V, Sec. 531(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–109; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 532(a), (f), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2545, 2547; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 

524(a), title X, Sec. 1031(a)(53), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1464, 1603; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1071(a)(28), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 

525, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 110–229, title VII, Sec. 718(a), May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 

869; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 540(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4454; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2288.) 

§ 4343. Cadets: appointment; to bring Corps to full strength 

If it is determined that, upon the admission of a new class to 

the Academy, the number of cadets at the Academy will be below 

the authorized number, the Secretary of the Army may fill the vacancies by nominating additional cadets from qualified candidates 

designated as alternates and from other qualified candidates who 

competed for nomination and are recommended and found qualified 

by the Academic Board. At least three-fourths of those nominated 

under this section shall be selected from qualified alternates nominated by the persons named in clauses (2) through (8) of section 

4342(a) of this title, and the remainder from qualified candidates 

holding competitive nominations under any other provision of law. 

An appointment under this section is an additional appointment 

and is not in place of an appointment otherwise authorized by law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 242; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 1(2), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 150; 

Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 1(5), Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, Sec. 701(f)(5), 

Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115.) 

§ 4344. Selection of persons from foreign countries 

(a)(1) The Secretary of the Army may permit not more than 60 

persons at any one time from foreign countries to receive instruction at the Academy. Such persons shall be in addition to the au-
§ 4345 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1774 

thorized strength of the Corps of the Cadets of the Academy under 

section 4342 of this title. 

(2) The Secretary of the Army, upon approval by the Secretary 

of Defense, shall determine the countries from which persons may 

be selected for appointment under this section and the number of 

persons that may be selected from each country. The Secretary of 

the Army may establish entrance qualifications and methods of 

competition for selection among individual applicants under this 

section and shall select those persons who will be permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section. 

(3) In selecting persons to receive instruction under this section 

from among applicants from the countries approved under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Army shall give a priority to persons 

who have a national service obligation to their countries upon graduation from the Academy. 

(b)(1) A person receiving instruction under this section is entitled to the pay, allowances, and emoluments of a cadet appointed 

from the United States, and from the same appropriations. 

(2) Each foreign country from which a cadet is permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section shall reimburse 

the United States for the cost of providing such instruction, including the cost of pay, allowances, and emoluments provided under 

paragraph (1). The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe the rates 

for reimbursement under this paragraph, except that the reimbursement rates may not be less than the cost to the United States 

of providing such instruction, including pay, allowances, and 

emoluments, to a cadet appointed from the United States. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense may waive, in whole or in part, 

the requirement for reimbursement of the cost of instruction for a 

cadet under paragraph (2). In the case of a partial waiver, the Secretary shall establish the amount waived. 

(c)(1) Except as the Secretary of the Army determines, a person 

receiving instruction under this section is subject to the same regulations governing admission, attendance, discipline, resignation, 

discharge, dismissal, and graduation as a cadet at the Academy appointed from the United States. The Secretary may prescribe regulations with respect to access to classified information by a person 

receiving instruction under this section that differ from the regulations that apply to a cadet at the Academy appointed from the 

United States. 

(2) A person receiving instruction under this section is not entitled to an appointment in an armed force of the United States by 

reason of graduation from the Academy. 

(d) A person receiving instruction under this section is not subject to section 4346(d) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 242; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1004(a)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 

97 Stat. 657; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1743; Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 534(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. 

A], title V, Sec. 532(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–110; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 533(a)(1), (2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1105.) 

§ 4345. Exchange program with foreign military academies 

(a) EXCHANGE PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the 

Army may permit a student enrolled at a military academy of a 

foreign country to receive instruction at the Academy in exchange 
1775 § 4345a CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

for a cadet receiving instruction at that foreign military academy 

pursuant to an exchange agreement entered into between the Secretary and appropriate officials of the foreign country. Students receiving instruction at the Academy under the exchange program 

shall be in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Academy 

under section 4344 of this title. 

(b) LIMITATIONS ON NUMBER AND DURATION OF EXCHANGES.— 

An exchange agreement under this section between the Secretary 

and a foreign country shall provide for the exchange of students on 

a one-for-one basis each fiscal year. Not more than 100 cadets and 

a comparable number of students from all foreign military academies participating in the exchange program may be exchanged 

during any fiscal year. The duration of an exchange may not exceed 

the equivalent of one academic semester at the Academy. 

(c) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—(1) A student from a military academy of a foreign country is not entitled to the pay, allowances, and 

emoluments of a cadet by reason of attendance at the Academy 

under the exchange program, and the Department of Defense may 

not incur any cost of international travel required for transportation of such a student to and from the sponsoring foreign country. 

(2) The Secretary may provide a student from a foreign country 

under the exchange program, during the period of the exchange, 

with subsistence, transportation within the continental United 

States, clothing, health care, and other services to the same extent 

that the foreign country provides comparable support and services 

to the exchanged cadet in that foreign country. 

(3) The Academy shall bear all costs of the exchange program 

from funds appropriated for the Academy and such additional 

funds as may be available to the Academy from a source other than 

appropriated funds to support cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with the 

exchange program. 

(4) Expenditures in support of the exchange program from funds appropriated for the Academy may not exceed $1,000,000 

during any fiscal year. 

(d) APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS.—Subsections (c) and (d) of 

section 4344 of this title shall apply with respect to a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country while attending 

the Academy under the exchange program. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to 

implement this section. Such regulations may include qualification 

criteria and methods of selection for students of foreign military 

academies to participate in the exchange program. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 542(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1740; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 535(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 531(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2198.) 

§ 4345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities 

(a) ATTENDANCE AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the Army may 

authorize the Academy to permit students, officers, and other representatives of a foreign country to attend the Academy for periods 

of not more than two weeks if the Secretary determines that the 

attendance of such persons contributes significantly to the develop-
§ 4346 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1776 

ment of foreign language, cross cultural interactions and understanding, and cultural immersion of cadets. 

(b) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—The Secretary may pay the travel, 

subsistence, and similar personal expenses of persons incurred to 

attend the Academy under subsection (a). 

(c) EFFECT OF ATTENDANCE.—Persons attending the Academy 

under subsection (a) are not considered to be students enrolled at 

the Academy and are in addition to persons receiving instruction 

at the Academy under section 4344 or 4345 of this title. 

(d) SOURCE OF FUNDS; LIMITATION.—(1) The Academy shall 

bear the costs of the attendance of persons under subsection (a) 

from funds appropriated for the Academy and from such additional 

funds as may be available to the Academy from a source, other 

than appropriated funds, to support cultural immersion, regional 

awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection 

with their attendance. 

(2) Expenditures from appropriated funds in support of activities under this section may not exceed $40,000 during any fiscal 

year. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 541(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4454.) 

§ 4346. Cadets: requirements for admission 

(a) To be eligible for admission to the Academy a candidate 

must be at least 17 years of age and must not have passed his 

twenty-third birthday on July 1 of the year in which he enters the 

Academy. 

(b) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must show, 

by an examination held under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, that he is qualified in the subjects prescribed 

by the Secretary. 

(c) A candidate designated as a principal or an alternate for 

appointment as a cadet shall appear for physical examination at a 

time and place designated by the Secretary. 

(d) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must take 

and subscribe to the following oath— 

‘‘I, llllllll, do solemnly swear that I will support the 

Constitution of the United States, and bear true allegiance to the 

National Government; that I will maintain and defend the sovereignty of the United States, paramount to any and all allegiance, 

sovereignty, or fealty I may owe to any State or country whatsoever; and that I will at all times obey the legal orders of my superior officers, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice.’’ 

If a candidate for admission refuses to take this oath, his appointment is terminated. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 242; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(b), Sept. 23, 

1996, 110 Stat. 2527.) 

§ 4347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States 

If as a result of redistricting a State the domicile of a cadet, 

or a nominee, nominated by a Representative falls within a congressional district other than that from which he was nominated, 

he is charged to the district in which his domicile so falls. For this 

purpose, the number of cadets otherwise authorized for that district is increased to include him. However, the number as so in-
1777 § 4348 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

creased is reduced by one if he fails to become a cadet or when he 

is finally separated from the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 243.) 

§ 4348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer 

(a) Each cadet shall sign an agreement with respect to the cadet’s length of service in the armed forces. The agreement shall 

provide that the cadet agrees to the following: 

(1) That the cadet will complete the course of instruction 

at the Academy. 

(2) That upon graduation from the Academy the cadet— 

(A) will accept an appointment, if tendered, as a commissioned officer of the Regular Army or the Regular Air 

Force; and 

(B) will serve on active duty for at least five years immediately after such appointment. 

(3) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) is 

not tendered or if the cadet is permitted to resign as a regular 

officer before completion of the commissioned service obligation 

of the cadet, the cadet— 

(A) will accept an appointment as a commissioned officer as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve or the Air 

Force Reserve; and 

(B) will remain in that reserve component until completion of the commissioned service obligation of the cadet. 

(4) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) or 

(3) is tendered and the cadet participates in a program under 

section 2121 of this title, the cadet will fulfill any unserved obligation incurred under this section on active duty, regardless 

of the type of appointment held, upon completion of, and in addition to, any service obligation incurred under section 2123 of 

this title for participation in such program. 

(b)(1) The Secretary of the Army may transfer to the Army Reserve, and may order to active duty for such period of time as the 

Secretary prescribes (but not to exceed four years), a cadet who 

breaches an agreement under subsection (a). The period of time for 

which a cadet is ordered to active duty under this paragraph may 

be determined without regard to section 651(a) of this title. 

(2) A cadet who is transferred to the Army Reserve under 

paragraph (1) shall be transferred in an appropriate enlisted grade 

or rating, as determined by the Secretary. 

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a cadet shall be considered to have breached an agreement under subsection (a) if the 

cadet is separated from the Academy under circumstances which 

the Secretary determines constitute a breach by the cadet of the cadet’s agreement to complete the course of instruction at the Academy and accept an appointment as a commissioned officer upon 

graduation from the Academy. 

(c) The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe regulations to 

carry out this section. Those regulations shall include— 

(1) standards for determining what constitutes, for the 

purpose of subsection (b), a breach of an agreement under subsection (a); 
§ 4349 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1778 

(2) procedures for determining whether such a breach has 

occurred; and 

(3) standards for determining the period of time for which 

a person may be ordered to serve on active duty under subsection (b). 

(d) In this section, the term ‘‘commissioned service obligation’’, 

with respect to an officer who is a graduate of the Academy, means 

the period beginning on the date of the officer’s appointment as a 

commissioned officer and ending on the sixth anniversary of such 

appointment or, at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, any 

later date up to the eighth anniversary of such appointment. 

(e)(1) This section does not apply to a cadet who is not a citizen 

or national of the United States. 

(2) In the case of a cadet who is a minor and who has parents 

or a guardian, the cadet may sign the agreement required by subsection (a) only with the consent of a parent or guardian. 

(f) A cadet or former cadet who does not fulfill the terms of the 

agreement as specified under subsection (a), or the alternative obligation imposed under subsection (b), shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 243; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 5(a), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 153; 

Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(9), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 

541(a), 542(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 512(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(b), title XVI, Sec. 1622(e)(5), Nov. 29, 

1989, 103 Stat. 1439, 1605; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 

314; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 687(c)(9), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3335; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(29), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 554(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4221.) 

§ 4349. Cadets: organization of Corps; service; instruction 

(a) The Corps of Cadets shall be divided into companies, as directed by the Superintendent, for the purpose of military instruction. Each company shall be commanded by a commissioned officer 

of the Army. 

(b) A cadet shall perform duties at such places and of such type 

as the President may direct. 

(c) The course of instruction at the Academy is four years. 

(d) The Secretary of the Army shall so arrange the course of 

studies at the Academy that cadets are not required to pursue their 

studies on Sunday. 

(e) The Corps of Cadets shall be trained in the duties of members of the Army, shall be encamped at least three months in each 

year, and shall be trained in all duties incident to a camp. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 243.) 

§ 4350. Cadets: clothing and equipment 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may prescribe the amount to be 

credited to a cadet, upon original admission to the Academy, for the 

cost of his initial issue of clothing and equipment. That amount 

shall be deducted from his pay. If a cadet is discharged before graduation while owing the United States for pay advanced for the purchase of required clothing and equipment, he shall turn in so much 

of his clothing and equipment of a distinctive military nature as is 

necessary to repay the amount advanced. If the value of the clothing and equipment turned in does not cover the amount owed, the 

indebtedness shall be canceled. 
1779 § 4353 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, 

uniforms and equipment shall be furnished to a cadet at the Academy upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 244.) 

§ 4351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of 

failure on successor 

(a) A cadet who is reported as deficient in conduct or studies 

and recommended to be discharged from the Academy may not, unless recommended by the Academic Board, be returned or reappointed to the Academy. 

(b) Any cadet who fails to pass a required examination because 

he is deficient in any one subject of instruction is entitled to a reexamination of equal scope and difficulty in that subject, if he applies 

in writing to the Academic Board within 10 days after he is officially notified of his failure. The reexamination shall be held within 

60 days after the date of his application. If the cadet passes the reexamination and is otherwise qualified, he shall be readmitted to 

the Academy. If he fails, he may not have another examination. 

(c) The failure of a member of a graduating class to complete 

the course with his class does not delay the admission of his successor. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 244.) 

§ 4352. Cadets: hazing 

(a) Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Army, the 

Superintendent of the Academy shall issue regulations— 

(1) defining hazing; 

(2) designed to prevent that practice; and 

(3) prescribing dismissal, suspension, or other adequate 

punishment for violations. 

(b) If a cadet who is charged with violating a regulation issued 

under subsection (a), the penalty for which is or may be dismissal 

from the Academy, requests in writing a trial by a general courtmartial, he may not be dismissed for that offense except under sentence of such a court. 

(c) A cadet dismissed from the Academy for hazing may not be 

reappointed to the Corps of Cadets, and is ineligible for appointment as a commissioned officer in a regular component of the 

Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, until two years after the 

graduation of his class. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 244.) 

§ 4353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation 

(a) Under such conditions as the Secretary of the Army may 

prescribe, the Superintendent of the Academy may confer the degree of bachelor of science upon graduates of the Academy. 

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a cadet who 

completes the prescribed course of instruction may, upon graduation, be appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Army under 

section 531 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(103), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 502(26), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2911.) 
§ 4354 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1780 

§ 4354. Buildings and grounds: memorial hall; buildings for 

religious worship 

(a) The memorial hall at the Academy is a repository for statues, busts, mural tablets, portraits of distinguished and deceased 

officers and graduates of the Academy, paintings of battle scenes, 

trophies of war, and other objects that may tend to elevate the 

military profession. No object may be placed in this hall without 

the approval of two-thirds of the members of the Academic Board 

of the Academy by a recorded vote taken by ayes and nays. 

(b) The Secretary of the Army may authorize any denomination, sect, or religious body to erect a building for religious worship 

on the West Point Military Reservation, if its erection will not 

interfere with the use of the reservation for military purposes and 

will be without expense to the United States. Such a building shall 

be removed, or its location changed, without compensation for it 

and without other expense to the United States, by the denomination, sect, or religious body that erected it, whenever in the opinion 

of the Secretary public or military necessity so requires. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245.) 

§ 4355. Board of Visitors 

(a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is constituted annually 

of— 

(1) the chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the Senate, or his designee; 

(2) three other members of the Senate designated by the 

Vice President or the President pro tempore of the Senate, two 

of whom are members of the Committee on Appropriations of 

the Senate; 

(3) the chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the House of Representatives, or his designee; 

(4) four other members of the House of Representatives 

designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 

two of whom are members of the Committee on Appropriations 

of the House of Representatives; and 

(5) six persons designated by the President. 

(b) The persons designated by the President serve for three 

years each except that any member whose term of office has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is appointed. The 

President shall designate two persons each year to succeed the 

members whose terms expire that year. 

(c) If a member of the Board dies or resigns, a successor shall 

be designated for the unexpired portion of the term by the official 

who designated the member. 

(d) The Board shall visit the Academy annually. With the approval of the Secretary of the Army, the Board or its members may 

make other visits to the Academy in connection with the duties of 

the Board or to consult with the Superintendent of the Academy. 

(e) The Board shall inquire into the morale and discipline, the 

curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal affairs, academic 

methods, and other matters relating to the Academy that the 

Board decides to consider. 
1781 § 4357 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board shall submit a written report to the President of its action, and of its views 

and recommendations pertaining to the Academy. Any report of a 

visit, other than the annual visit, shall, if approved by a majority 

of the members of the Board, be submitted to the President within 

60 days after the approval. 

(g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call in advisers for consultation. 

(h) While performing his duties, each member of the Board and 

each adviser shall be reimbursed under Government travel regulations for his travel expenses. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245; Pub. L. 96–579, Sec. 13(a), Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3369; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(e)(2), title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(12), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.) 

§ 4356. Use of certain gifts 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, the 

Superintendent of the Academy may (without regard to section 

2601 of this title) accept, hold, administer, invest, and spend any 

gift, devise, or bequest of personal property of a value of $20,000 

or less made to the United States on the condition that such gift, 

devise, or bequest be used for the benefit of the Academy or any 

entity thereof. The Secretary may pay or authorize the payment of 

all reasonable and necessary expenses in connection with the conveyance or transfer of a gift, devise, or bequest under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(41)(A), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 4357. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major 

projects 

(a) ACCEPTANCE AUTHORITY.—Subject to subsection (c), the 

Secretary of the Army may accept from a donor or donors a qualified guarantee for the completion of a major project for the benefit 

of the Academy. 

(b) OBLIGATION AUTHORITY.—The amount of a qualified guarantee accepted under this section shall be considered as contract 

authority to provide obligation authority for purposes of Federal 

fiscal and contractual requirements. Funds available for a project 

for which such a guarantee has been accepted may be obligated 

and expended for the project without regard to whether the total 

amount of the funds and other resources available for the project 

(not taking into account the amount of the guarantee) is sufficient 

to pay for completion of the project. 

(c) NOTICE OF PROPOSED ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary of the 

Army may not accept a qualified guarantee under this section for 

the completion of a major project until after the expiration of 30 

days following the date upon which a report of the facts concerning 

the proposed guarantee is submitted to Congress or, if earlier, the 

expiration of 14 days following the date on which a copy of the report is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 

of this title. 

(d) PROHIBITION ON COMMINGLING OF FUNDS.—The Secretary 

of the Army may not enter into any contract or other transaction 

involving the use of a qualified guarantee and appropriated funds 

in the same contract or transaction. 
§ 4357 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1782 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) MAJOR PROJECT.—The term ‘‘major project’’ means a 

project for the purchase or other procurement of real or personal property, or for the construction, renovation, or repair of 

real or personal property, the total cost of which is, or is estimated to be, at least $1,000,000. 

(2) QUALIFIED GUARANTEE.—The term ‘‘qualified guarantee’’, with respect to a major project, means a guarantee 

that— 

(A) is made by one or more persons in connection with 

a donation, specifically for the project, of a total amount in 

cash or securities that, as determined by the Secretary of 

the Army, is sufficient to defray a substantial portion of 

the total cost of the project; 

(B) is made to facilitate or expedite the completion of 

the project in reasonable anticipation that other donors 

will contribute sufficient funds or other resources in 

amounts sufficient to pay for completion of the project; 

(C) is set forth as a written agreement that provides 

for the donor to furnish in cash or securities, in addition 

to the donor’s other gift or gifts for the project, any additional amount that may become necessary for paying the 

cost of completing the project by reason of a failure to obtain from other donors or sources funds or other resources 

in amounts sufficient to pay the cost of completing the 

project; and 

(D) is accompanied by— 

(i) an irrevocable and unconditional standby letter 

of credit for the benefit of the Academy that is in the 

amount of the guarantee and is issued by a major 

United States commercial bank; or 

(ii) a qualified account control agreement. 

(3) QUALIFIED ACCOUNT CONTROL AGREEMENT.—The term 

‘‘qualified account control agreement’’, with respect to a guarantee of a donor, means an agreement among the donor, the 

Secretary of the Army, and a major United States investment 

management firm that— 

(A) ensures the availability of sufficient funds or other 

financial resources to pay the amount guaranteed during 

the period of the guarantee; 

(B) provides for the perfection of a security interest in 

the assets of the account for the United States for the benefit of the Academy with the highest priority available for 

liens and security interests under applicable law; 

(C) requires the donor to maintain in an account with 

the investment management firm assets having a total 

value that is not less than 130 percent of the amount guaranteed; and 

(D) requires the investment management firm, at any 

time that the value of the account is less than the value 

required to be maintained under subparagraph (C), to liquidate any noncash assets in the account and reinvest the 

proceeds in Treasury bills issued under section 3104 of 

title 31. 
1783 § 4358 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(4) MAJOR UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL BANK.—The term 

‘‘major United States commercial bank’’ means a commercial 

bank that— 

(A) is an insured bank (as defined in section 3 of the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)); 

(B) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(C) has net assets in a total amount considered by the 

Secretary of the Army to qualify the bank as a major bank. 

(5) MAJOR UNITED STATES INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

FIRM.—The term ‘‘major United States investment management firm’’ means any broker, dealer, investment adviser, or 

provider of investment supervisory services (as defined in section 3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c) 

or section 202 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 

U.S.C. 80b–2)) or a major United States commercial bank 

that— 

(A) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(B) holds for the account of others investment assets 

in a total amount considered by the Secretary of the Army 

to qualify the firm as a major investment management 

firm. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2871(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 871; amended Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title X, Sec. 1087(a)(17)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–291; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(54), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603.) 

§ 4358. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, 

and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized 

grantees 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Army may authorize the Superintendent of the Academy to accept 

qualifying research grants under this section. Any such grant may 

only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out 

by a professor or instructor of the Academy for a scientific, literary, 

or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The Superintendent shall use the funds 

in the account in accordance with applicable regulations and the 

terms and conditions of the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Academy may be used to pay expenses incurred by the Academy 

in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, award of a qualifying research grant. 
§ 4359 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1784 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Army shall prescribe 

regulations for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1063(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2130.) 

§ 4359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds 

(a) AUTHORITY.—In the case of an Academy mixed-funded athletic or recreational extracurricular program, the Secretary of the 

Army may designate funds appropriated to the Department of the 

Army and available for that program to be treated as nonappropriated funds and expended for that program in accordance 

with laws applicable to the expenditure of nonappropriated funds. 

Appropriated funds so designated shall be considered to be nonappropriated funds for all purposes and shall remain available 

until expended. 

(b) COVERED PROGRAMS.—In this section, the term ‘‘Academy 

mixed-funded athletic or recreational extracurricular program’’ 

means an athletic or recreational extracurricular program of the 

Academy to which each of the following applies: 

(1) The program is not considered a morale, welfare, or 

recreation program. 

(2) The program is supported through appropriated funds. 

(3) The program is supported by a nonappropriated fund 

instrumentality. 

(4) The program is not a private organization and is not 

operated by a private organization. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 544(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1906.) 

§ 4360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation 

(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection (b), no 

charge or fee for tuition, room, or board for attendance at the Academy may be imposed unless the charge or fee is specifically authorized by a law enacted after October 5, 1994. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition specified in subsection (a) 

does not apply with respect to any item or service provided to cadets for which a charge or fee is imposed as of October 5, 1994. The 

Secretary of Defense shall notify Congress of any change made by 

the Academy in the amount of a charge or fee authorized under 

this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 545(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1908.) 

§ 4361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence 

(a) REQUIRED POLICY.—Under guidance prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army shall direct the Superintendent of the Academy to prescribe a policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence applicable to the cadets and other personnel of the Academy. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE SPECIFIED IN POLICY.—The policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence prescribed under this section 

shall include specification of the following: 
1785 § 4361 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 

(1) Programs to promote awareness of the incidence of 

rape, acquaintance rape, and other sexual offenses of a criminal nature that involve cadets or other Academy personnel. 

(2) Procedures that a cadet should follow in the case of an 

occurrence of sexual harassment or sexual violence, including— 

(A) if the cadet chooses to report an occurrence of sexual harassment or sexual violence, a specification of the 

person or persons to whom the alleged offense should be 

reported and the options for confidential reporting; 

(B) a specification of any other person whom the victim should contact; and 

(C) procedures on the preservation of evidence potentially necessary for proof of criminal sexual assault. 

(3) Procedures for disciplinary action in cases of alleged 

criminal sexual assault involving a cadet or other Academy 

personnel. 

(4) Any other sanction authorized to be imposed in a substantiated case of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving a cadet or other Academy personnel in rape, acquaintance 

rape, or any other criminal sexual offense, whether forcible or 

nonforcible. 

(5) Required training on the policy for all cadets and other 

Academy personnel, including the specific training required for 

personnel who process allegations of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(c) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, 

through the Secretary of the Army, shall direct the Superintendent 

to conduct at the Academy during each Academy program year an 

assessment, to be administered by the Department of Defense, to 

determine the effectiveness of the policies, training, and procedures 

of the Academy with respect to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(2) For the assessment at the Academy under paragraph (1) 

with respect to an Academy program year that begins in an oddnumbered calendar year, the Secretary of the Army shall conduct 

a survey, to be administered by the Department of Defense, of 

Academy personnel— 

(A) to measure— 

(i) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have been reported to officials of the 

Academy; and 

(ii) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have not been reported to officials of 

the Academy; and 

(B) to assess the perceptions of Academy personnel of— 

(i) the policies, training, and procedures on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; 

(ii) the enforcement of such policies; 

(iii) the incidence of sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; and 
§ 4361 CH. 403—UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY 1786 

(iv) any other issues relating to sexual harassment 

and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Secretary of the Army shall direct the Superintendent of the Academy to submit to the Secretary 

a report on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving cadets 

or other personnel at the Academy for each Academy program year. 

(2) Each report under paragraph (1) shall include, for the 

Academy program year covered by the report, the following: 

(A) The number of sexual assaults, rapes, and other sexual 

offenses involving cadets or other Academy personnel that 

have been reported to Academy officials during the program 

year and, of those reported cases, the number that have been 

substantiated. 

(B) The policies, procedures, and processes implemented by 

the Secretary of the Army and the leadership of the Academy 

in response to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving 

cadets or other Academy personnel during the program year. 

(C) A plan for the actions that are to be taken in the following Academy program year regarding prevention of and response to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving cadets or other Academy personnel. 

(3) Each report under paragraph (1) for an Academy program 

year that begins in an odd-numbered calendar year shall include 

the results of the survey conducted in that program year under 

subsection (c)(2). 

(4)(A) The Secretary of the Army shall transmit to the Secretary of Defense, and to the Board of Visitors of the Academy, 

each report received by the Secretary under this subsection, together with the Secretary’s comments on the report. 

(B) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit each such report, 

together with the Secretary’s comments on the report, to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2200.) 
1787 

[CHAPTER 405—REPEALED] 

[§§ 4381 to 4387. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 

301(10), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072] 

CHAPTER 407—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

Sec. 

4411. Establishment: purpose. 

4412. Operation. 

4413. Transportation and subsistence during travel. 

4414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales. 

[4415. Repealed.] 

4416. Academy of Health Sciences: admission of civilians in physician assistant 

training program. 

4417. United States Army War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research 

for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

§ 4411. Establishment: purpose 

The Secretary of the Army may maintain schools and camps 

for the military instruction and training of persons selected, upon 

their application, from warrant officers and enlisted members of 

the Army and civilians, to qualify them for appointment as reserve 

officers, or enlistment as reserve noncommissioned officers, for 

service in the Army Reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 249.) 

§ 4412. Operation 

In maintaining schools and camps established under section 

4411 of this title, the Secretary of the Army may— 

(1) prescribe the periods during which they will be operated; 

(2) prescribe regulations for their administration; 

(3) prescribe the courses to be taught; 

(4) detail members of the Regular Army to designated duties relating to the camps; 

(5) use necessary supplies and transportation; 

(6) furnish uniforms, subsistence, and medical attendance 

and supplies to persons attending the camps; and 

(7) authorize necessary expenditures from proper Army 

funds for— 

(A) water; 

(B) fuel; 

(C) light; 

(D) temporary structures, except barracks and officers’ 

quarters; 

(E) screening; 

(F) damages resulting from field exercises; 
§ 4413 CH. 407—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 1788 

(G) expenses incident to theoretical winter instruction 

of trainees; and 

(H) other expenses incident to maintaining the camps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 249.) 

§ 4413. Transportation and subsistence during travel 

(a) There may be furnished to a person attending a school or 

camp established under section 4411 of this title, for travel to and 

from that school or camp— 

(1) transportation and subsistence; 

(2) transportation in kind and a subsistence allowance of 

one cent a mile; or 

(3) a travel allowance of five cents a mile. 

(b) The travel allowance for the return trip may be paid in advance. 

(c) For the purposes of this section, distance is computed by the 

shortest usually traveled route, within such territorial limits as the 

Secretary of the Army may prescribe, from the authorized starting 

point to the school or camp and return. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 250.) 

§ 4414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales 

The Secretary of the Army may sell to a person attending a 

school or camp established under section 4411 of this title quartermaster and ordnance property necessary for his proper equipment. 

Sales under this section shall be for cash. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 250.) 

[§ 4415. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IX, 

Sec. 911(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–228] 

§ 4416. Academy of Health Sciences: admission of civilians 

in physician assistant training program 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army may, pursuant to 

an agreement entered into with an accredited institution of higher 

education— 

(1) permit students of the institution to attend the didactic 

portion of the physician assistant training program conducted 

by the Army Medical Department at the Academy of Health 

Sciences at Fort Sam Houston, Texas; and 

(2) accept from the institution academic services to support 

the physician assistant training program at the Academy. 

(b) AGREEMENT FOR EXCHANGE OF SERVICES.—An agreement 

entered into with an institution of higher education under this section shall require the institution, in exchange for services provided 

under paragraph (1) of subsection (a), to provide academic services 

described in paragraph (2) of such subsection that the Secretary 

and authorized representatives of the institution consider appropriate. 

(c) SELECTION OF STUDENTS.—In consultation with the authorized representatives of the institution of higher education concerned, the Secretary shall prescribe the qualifications and methods of selection for students of the institution to receive instruction 

at the Academy under this section. The qualifications shall be com-
1789 § 4417 CH. 407—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

parable to those generally required for admission to the physician 

assistant training program at the Academy. 

(d) RULES OF ATTENDANCE.—Except as the Secretary determines necessary, a student who receives instruction at the Academy under this section shall be subject to the same regulations 

governing attendance, discipline, discharge, and dismissal as apply 

to other persons attending the Academy. 

(e) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary shall ensure the following: 

(1) That the Army Medical Department, in carrying out an 

agreement under this section, does not incur costs in excess of 

the costs that the department would incur to obtain, by means 

other than the agreement, academic services that are comparable to those provided by the institution pursuant to the 

agreement. 

(2) That attendance of civilian students at the Academy 

under this section does not cause a decrease in the number of 

members of the armed forces enrolled in the physician assistant training program at the Academy. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VII, Sec. 741(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1816; amended 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1041(a)(19), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2645.) 

§ 4417. United States Army War College: acceptance of 

grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, 

and educational purposes 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Army may authorize the Commandant of the United States Army 

War College to accept qualifying research grants. Any such grant 

may only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried 

out by a professor or instructor of the College for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The Commandant shall use the funds in 

the account in accordance with applicable provisions of the regulations and the terms and condition of the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Army War College may be used to pay expenses incurred by the 

College in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, the award of qualifying research grants. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations 

for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3240.) 

1791 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND 

PROCUREMENT 

Chap. Sec. 

[431. Repealed.] 

433. Procurement .................................................................... 4531 

434. Armaments Industrial Base ........................................... 4551 

435. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 4561 

437. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 4591 

439. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 4621 

441. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 4651 

443. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 4681 

445. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons; Captured 

Flags ............................................................................. 4711 

447. Transportation ................................................................ 4741 

449. Real Property .................................................................. 4771 

451. Military Claims ............................................................... 4801 

453. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 4831 

1793 

[CHAPTER 431—REPEALED] 

[§§ 4501 to 4508. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 822(a)(2), (b)(3), (c)(2), 823(1), 827(c), 828(c)(6), 

Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1705–1707, 1713, 1714] 

CHAPTER 433—PROCUREMENT 

Sec. 

[4531. Repealed.] 

4532. Factories and arsenals: manufacture at; abolition of. 

[4533 to 4535. Repealed.] 

4536. Equipment: post bakeries, schools, kitchens, and mess halls. 

[4537 to 4539. Repealed.] 

4540. Architectural and engineering services. 

4541. Army arsenals: treatment of unutilized or underutilized plant-capacity 

costs. 

4542. Technical data packages for large-caliber cannon: prohibition on transfers 

to foreign countries; exception. 

4543. Army industrial facilities: sales of manufactured articles or services outside Department of Defense. 

4544. Army industrial facilities: cooperative activities with non-Army entities. 

[§ 4531. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

823(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 4532. Factories and arsenals: manufacture at; abolition of 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall have supplies needed for 

the Department of the Army made in factories or arsenals owned 

by the United States, so far as those factories or arsenals can make 

those supplies on an economical basis. 

(b) The Secretary may abolish any United States arsenal that 

he considers unnecessary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 254.) 

[§§ 4533 to 4535. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 823(3)–(5), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 4536. Equipment: post bakeries, schools, kitchens, and 

mess halls 

Money necessary for the following items for the use of enlisted 

members of the Army may be spent from appropriations for regular 

supplies: 

(1) Equipment for post bakeries. 

(2) Furniture, textbooks, paper, and equipment for post 

schools. 

(3) Tableware and mess furniture for kitchens and mess 

halls. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 254.) 
[§ 4537 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 1794 

[§§ 4537, 4538. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 823(6), (7), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

[§ 4539. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–482, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 

Stat. 1082] 

§ 4540. Architectural and engineering services 

(a) Whenever he considers that it is advantageous to the national defense and that existing facilities of the Department of the 

Army are inadequate, the Secretary of the Army may, by contract 

or otherwise, employ the architectural or engineering services of 

any person outside that Department for producing and delivering 

designs, plans, drawings, and specifications needed for any public 

works or utilities project of the Department. 

(b) The fee for any service under this section may not be more 

than 6 percent of the estimated cost, as determined by the Secretary, of the project to which it applies. 

(c) Sections 305, 3324, and 7204, chapter 51, and subchapters 

III, IV, and VI of chapter 53 of title 5 do not apply to employment 

under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 255; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 28, 80 Stat. 1119; 

Oct. 13, 1978, Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, Sec. 703(c)(3), title VIII, Sec. 801(a)(3)(I), 92 Stat. 1217, 

1222; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(16), 94 Stat. 2930.) 

§ 4541. Army arsenals: treatment of unutilized or underutilized plant-capacity costs 

(a) ESTIMATE OF COSTS.—The Secretary of the Army shall include in the budget justification documents submitted to Congress 

in support of the President’s budget for a fiscal year submitted 

under section 1105 of title 31 an estimate of the funds to be required in that fiscal year to cover unutilized and underutilized 

plant-capacity costs at Army arsenals. 

(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds appropriated to the Secretary of the 

Army for a fiscal year to cover unutilized and underutilized plantcapacity costs at Army arsenals shall be used in such fiscal year 

only for such costs. 

(c) TREATMENT OF COSTS.—(1) The Secretary of the Army shall 

not include unutilized and underutilized plant-capacity costs when 

evaluating the bid of an Army arsenal for purposes of the arsenal’s 

contracting to provide a good or service to a Government agency. 

(2) When an Army arsenal is serving as a subcontractor to a 

private-sector entity with respect to a good or service to be provided to a Government agency, the cost charged by the arsenal 

shall not include unutilized and underutilized plant-capacity costs 

that are funded by a direct appropriation. 

(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘Army arsenal’’ means a Government-owned, 

Government-operated defense plant of the Department of the 

Army that manufactures weapons, weapon components, or 

both. 

(2) The term ‘‘unutilized and underutilized plant-capacity 

costs’’ means the costs associated with operating and maintaining the facilities and equipment of an Army arsenal that the 

Secretary of the Army determines are required to be kept for 
1795 § 4542 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 

mobilization needs, in those months in which the facilities and 

equipment are not used or are used only 20 percent or less of 

available work days. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title III, Sec. 342(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–64.) 

§ 4542. Technical data packages for large-caliber cannon: 

prohibition on transfers to foreign countries; exception 

(a) GENERAL RULE.—Funds appropriated to the Department of 

Defense may not be used— 

(1) to transfer to a foreign country a technical data package for a defense item being manufactured or developed in an 

arsenal; or 

(2) to assist a foreign country in producing such a defense 

item. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—The Secretary of the Army may use funds appropriated to the Department of Defense to transfer a technical 

data package, or to provide assistance, described in subsection (a) 

if— 

(1) the transfer or provision of assistance is to a friendly 

foreign country (as determined by the Secretary of Defense in 

consultation with the Secretary of State); 

(2) the Secretary of the Army determines that such action— 

(A) would have a clear benefit to the preservation of 

the production base for the production of cannon at the arsenal concerned; and 

(B) would not transfer technology (including production techniques) considered unique to the arsenal concerned, except as provided in subsection (e); and 

(3) the Secretary of Defense enters into an agreement with 

the country concerned described in subsection (c) or (d). 

(c) COPRODUCTION AGREEMENTS.—An agreement under this 

subsection shall be in the form of a Government-to-Government 

Memorandum of Understanding and shall include provisions that— 

(1) prescribe the content of the technical data package or 

assistance to be transferred to the foreign country participating 

in the agreement; 

(2) require that production by the participating foreign 

country of the defense item to which the technical data package or assistance relates be shared with the arsenal concerned; 

(3) subject to such exceptions as may be approved under 

subsection (f), prohibit transfer by the participating foreign 

country to a third party or country of— 

(A) any defense article, technical data package, technology, or assistance provided by the United States under 

the agreement; and 

(B) any defense article produced by the participating 

foreign country under the agreement; and 

(4) require the Secretary of Defense to monitor compliance 

with the agreement and the participating foreign country to report periodically to the Secretary of Defense concerning the 

agreement. 
§ 4543 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 1796 

(d) COOPERATIVE PROJECT AGREEMENTS.—An agreement under 

this subsection is a cooperative project agreement under section 27 

of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) which includes 

provisions that— 

(1) for development phases describe the technical data to 

be transferred and for the production phase prescribe the content of the technical data package or assistance to be transferred to the foreign country participating in the agreement; 

(2) require that at least the United States production of 

the defense item to which the technical data package or assistance relates be carried out by the arsenal concerned; and 

(3) require the Secretary of Defense to monitor compliance 

with the agreement. 

(e) LICENSING FEES AND ROYALTIES.—The limitation in subsection (b)(2)(B) shall not apply if the technology (or production 

technique) transferred is subject to nonexclusive license and payment of any negotiated licensing fee or royalty that reflects the cost 

of development, implementation, and prove-out of the technology or 

production technique. Any negotiated license fee or royalty shall be 

placed in the operating fund of the arsenal concerned for the purpose of capital investment and technology development at that arsenal. 

(f) TRANSFERS TO THIRD PARTIES.—A transfer described in subsection (c)(3) may be made if— 

(1) the defense article, technical data package, or technology to be transferred is a product of a cooperative research 

and development program or a cooperative project in which the 

United States and the participating foreign country were partners; or 

(2) the President— 

(A) complies with all requirements of section 3(d) of 

the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2753(d)) with respect to such transfer; and 

(B) certifies to Congress, before the transfer, that the 

transfer would provide a clear benefit to the production 

base of the United States for large-caliber cannon. 

(g) NOTICE AND REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—(1) The Secretary of 

the Army shall submit to Congress a notice of each agreement entered into under this section. 

(2) The Secretary shall submit to Congress a semi-annual report on the operation of this section and of agreements entered into 

under this section. 

(h) ARSENAL DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘arsenal’’ 

means a Government-owned, Government-operated defense plant 

that manufactures large-caliber cannon. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–500, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9036(b)(1)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 

1783–107, and Pub. L. 99–591, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9036(b)(1)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 

3341–82, 3341–107; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1203(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 

3968; amended Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 806, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1489; Pub. 

L. 102–190, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(a)(24), 1086, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1473, 1483.) 

§ 4543. Army industrial facilities: sales of manufactured articles or services outside Department of Defense 

(a) AUTHORITY TO SELL OUTSIDE DOD.—Regulations under section 2208(h) of this title shall authorize a working-capital funded 
1797 § 4543 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 

Army industrial facility (including a Department of the Army arsenal) that manufactures large caliber cannons, gun mounts, recoil 

mechanisms, ammunition, munitions, or components thereof to sell 

manufactured articles or services to a person outside the Department of Defense if— 

(1) in the case of an article, the article is sold to a United 

States manufacturer, assembler, developer, or other concern— 

(A) for use in developing new products; 

(B) for incorporation into items to be sold to, or to be 

used in a contract with, an agency of the United States; 

(C) for incorporation into items to be sold to, or to be 

used in a contract with, or to be used for purposes of soliciting a contract with, a friendly foreign government; or 

(D) for use in commercial products; 

(2) in the case of an article, the purchaser is determined 

by the Department of Defense to be qualified to carry out the 

proposed work involving the article to be purchased; 

(3) the sale is to be made on a basis that does not interfere 

with performance of work by the facility for the Department of 

Defense or for a contractor of the Department of Defense; 

(4) in the case of services, the services are related to an 

article authorized to be sold under this section and are to be 

performed in the United States for the purchaser; 

(5) the Secretary of the Army determines that the articles 

or services are not available from a commercial source located 

in the United States; 

(6) the purchaser of an article or service agrees to hold 

harmless and indemnify the United States, except in a case of 

willful misconduct or gross negligence, from any claim for damages or injury to any person or property arising out of the article or service; 

(7) the article to be sold can be manufactured, or the service to be sold can be substantially performed, by the industrial 

facility with only incidental subcontracting; 

(8) it is in the public interest to manufacture such article 

or perform such service; and 

(9) the sale will not interfere with performance of the military mission of the industrial facility. 

(b) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—The regulations shall also— 

(1) require that the authority to sell articles or services 

under the regulations be exercised at the level of the commander of the major subordinate command of the Army with 

responsibility over the facility concerned; 

(2) authorize a purchaser of articles or services to use advance incremental funding to pay for the articles or services; 

and 

(3) in the case of a sale of commercial articles or commercial services in accordance with subsection (a) by a facility that 

manufactures large caliber cannons, gun mounts, or recoil 

mechanisms, or components thereof, authorize such facility— 

(A) to charge the buyer, at a minimum, the variable 

costs that are associated with the commercial articles or 

commercial services sold; 
§ 4544 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 1798 

(B) to enter into a firm, fixed-price contract or, if 

agreed by the buyer, a cost reimbursement contract for the 

sale; and 

(C) to develop and maintain (from sources other than 

appropriated funds) working capital to be available for 

paying design costs, planning costs, procurement costs, 

and other costs associated with the commercial articles or 

commercial services sold. 

(c) RELATIONSHIP TO ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT.—Nothing in 

this section shall be construed to affect the application of the export controls provided for in section 38 of the Arms Export Control 

Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) to items which incorporate or are produced 

through the use of an article sold under this section. 

(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘commercial article’’ means an article that is 

usable for a nondefense purpose. 

(2) The term ‘‘commercial service’’ means a service that is 

usable for a nondefense purpose. 

(3) The term ‘‘advance incremental funding’’, with respect 

to a sale of articles or services, means a series of partial payments for the articles or services that includes— 

(A) one or more partial payments before the commencement of work or the incurring of costs in connection 

with the production of the articles or the performance of 

the services, as the case may be; and 

(B) subsequent progress payments that result in full 

payment being completed as the required work is being 

completed. 

(4) The term ‘‘variable costs’’, with respect to sales of articles or services, means the costs that are expected to fluctuate 

directly with the volume of sales and— 

(A) in the case of articles, the volume of production 

necessary to satisfy the sales orders; or 

(B) in the case of services, the extent of the services 

sold. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title I, Sec. 158(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1581; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title I, Sec. 141, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2688.) 

§ 4544. Army industrial facilities: cooperative activities with 

non-Army entities 

(a) COOPERATIVE ARRANGEMENTS AUTHORIZED.—A workingcapital funded Army industrial facility may enter into a contract or 

other cooperative arrangement with a non-Army entity to carry out 

with the non-Army entity a military or commercial project described in subsection (b), subject to the conditions prescribed in 

subsection (c). This authority may be used to enter into not more 

than eight contracts or cooperative agreements in addition to the 

contracts and cooperative agreements in place as of the date of the 

enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181). 

(b) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—A cooperative arrangement entered into by an Army industrial facility under subsection (a) may 

provide for any of the following activities: 
1799 § 4544 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 

(1) The sale of articles manufactured by the facility or 

services performed by the facility to persons outside the Department of the Army. 

(2) The performance of work by a non-Army entity at the 

facility. 

(3) The performance of work by the facility for a non-Army 

entity. 

(4) The sharing of work by the facility and a non-Army entity. 

(5) The leasing, or use under a facilities use contract or 

otherwise, of the facility (including excess capacity) or equipment (including excess equipment) of the facility by a nonArmy entity. 

(6) The preparation and submission of joint offers by the 

facility and a non-Army entity for competitive procurements 

entered into with Federal agency. 

(c) CONDITIONS.—An activity authorized by subsection (b) may 

be carried out at an Army industrial facility under a cooperative 

arrangement entered into under subsection (a) only under the following conditions: 

(1) In the case of an article to be manufactured or services 

to be performed by the facility, the articles can be substantially 

manufactured, or the services can be substantially performed, 

by the facility without subcontracting for more than incidental 

performance. 

(2) The activity does not interfere with performance of— 

(A) work by the facility for the Department of Defense; 

or 

(B) a military mission of the facility. 

(3) The activity meets one of the following objectives: 

(A) Maximized utilization of the capacity of the facility. 

(B) Reduction or elimination of the cost of ownership 

of the facility. 

(C) Reduction in the cost of manufacturing or maintaining Department of Defense products at the facility. 

(D) Preservation of skills or equipment related to a 

core competency of the facility. 

(4) The non-Army entity agrees to hold harmless and indemnify the United States from any liability or claim for damages or injury to any person or property arising out of the activity, including any damages or injury arising out of a decision 

by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of Defense to 

suspend or terminate an activity, or any portion thereof, during a war or national emergency or to require the facility to 

perform other work or provide other services on a priority 

basis, except— 

(A) in any case of willful misconduct or gross negligence; and 

(B) in the case of a claim by a purchaser of articles or 

services under this section that damages or injury arose 

from the failure of the United States to comply with quality, schedule, or cost performance requirements in the contract to carry out the activity. 
§ 4544 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 1800 

(d) ARRANGEMENT METHODS AND AUTHORITIES.—To establish a 

cooperative arrangement under subsection (a) with a non-Army entity, the approval authority described in subsection (f) for an Army 

industrial facility may— 

(1) enter into a firm, fixed-price contract (or, if agreed to 

by the non-Army entity, a cost reimbursement contract) for a 

sale of articles or services or use of equipment or facilities; 

(2) enter into a multiyear contract for a period not to exceed five years, unless a longer period is specifically authorized 

by law; 

(3) charge the non-Army entity the amounts necessary to 

recover the full costs of the articles or services provided, including capital improvement costs, and equipment depreciation 

costs associated with providing the articles, services, equipment, or facilities; 

(4) authorize the non-Army entity to use incremental funding to pay for the articles, services, or use of equipment or facilities; and 

(5) accept payment-in-kind. 

(e) PROCEEDS CREDITED TO WORKING CAPITAL FUND.—The proceeds received from the sale of an article or service pursuant to a 

contract or other cooperative arrangement under this section shall 

be credited to the working capital fund that incurs the cost of manufacturing the article or performing the service. 

(f) APPROVAL AUTHORITY.—The authority of an Army industrial 

facility to enter into a cooperative arrangement under subsection 

(a) shall be exercised at the level of the commander of the major 

subordinate command of the Army that has responsibility for the 

facility. The commander may approve such an arrangement on a 

case-by-case basis or a class basis. 

(g) COMMERCIAL SALES.—Except in the case of work performed 

for the Department of Defense, for a contract of the Department of 

Defense, for foreign military sales, or for authorized foreign direct 

commercial sales (defense articles or defense services sold to a foreign government or international organization under export controls), a sale of articles or services may be made under this section 

only if the approval authority described in subsection (f) determines that the articles or services are not available from a commercial source located in the United States in the required quantity or quality, or within the time required. 

(h) EXCLUSION FROM DEPOT-LEVEL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

PERCENTAGE LIMITATION.—Amounts expended for the performance 

of a depot-level maintenance and repair workload by non-Federal 

Government personnel at an Army industrial facility shall not be 

counted for purposes of applying the percentage limitation in section 2466(a) of this title if the personnel are provided by a nonArmy entity pursuant to a cooperative arrangement entered into 

under subsection (a). 

(i) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—Nothing in this section 

shall be construed to affect the application of— 

(1) foreign military sales and the export controls provided 

for in sections 30 and 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

U.S.C. 2770 and 2778) to activities of a cooperative arrangement entered into under subsection (a); and 
1801 § 4544 CH. 433—PROCUREMENT 

(2) section 2667 of this title to leases of non-excess property in the administration of such an arrangement. 

(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘Army industrial facility’’ includes an ammunition plant, an arsenal, a depot, and a manufacturing plant. 

(2) The term ‘‘non-Army entity’’ includes the following: 

(A) A Federal agency (other than the Department of 

the Army). 

(B) An entity in industry or commercial sales. 

(C) A State or political subdivision of a State. 

(D) An institution of higher education or vocational 

training institution. 

(3) The term ‘‘incremental funding’’ means a series of partial payments that— 

(A) are made as the work on manufacture or articles 

is being performed or services are being performed or 

equipment or facilities are used, as the case may be; and 

(B) result in full payment being completed as the required work is being completed. 

(4) The term ‘‘full costs’’, with respect to articles or services 

provided under a cooperative arrangement entered into under 

subsection (a), means the variable costs and the fixed costs 

that are directly related to the production of the articles or the 

provision of the services. 

(5) The term ‘‘variable costs’’ means the costs that are expected to fluctuate directly with the volume of sales or services 

provided or the use of equipment or facilities. 

(k) EXPIRATION OF AUTHORITY.—The authority to enter into a 

cooperative arrangement under subsection (a) expires September 

30, 2014. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title III, Sec. 353(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1859; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title III, Sec. 321, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3191; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(29), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 

328(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title III, Sec. 324(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 

123 Stat. 2253.) 
1802 

CHAPTER 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 

Sec. 

4551. Definitions. 

4552. Policy. 

4553. Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Initiative. 

4554. Property management contracts and leases. 

4555. ARMS Initiative loan guarantee program. 

§ 4551. Definitions 

In this chapter: 

(1) The term ‘‘ARMS Initiative’’ means the Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Initiative authorized by 

this chapter. 

(2) The term ‘‘eligible facility’’ means a Governmentowned, contractor-operated ammunition manufacturing facility, 

or a Government-owned, contractor-operated depot for the storage, maintenance, renovation, or demilitarization of ammunition, of the Department of the Army that is in an active, inactive, layaway, or caretaker status. 

(3) The term ‘‘property manager’’ includes any person or 

entity managing an eligible facility made available under the 

ARMS Initiative through a property management contract. 

(4) The term ‘‘property management contract’’ includes facility use contracts, site management contracts, leases, and 

other agreements entered into under the authority of this 

chapter. 

(5) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of the Army. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title III, Sec. 344(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–67; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title III, Sec. 323(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3193.) 

§ 4552. Policy 

It is the policy of the United States— 

(1) to encourage, to the maximum extent practicable, commercial firms to use Government-owned, contractor-operated 

ammunition manufacturing, storage, maintenance, renovation, 

and demilitarization facilities of the Department of the Army; 

(2) to use such facilities for supporting programs, projects, 

policies, and initiatives that promote competition in the private 

sector of the United States economy and that advance United 

States interests in the global marketplace; 

(3) to increase the manufacture of products inside the 

United States; 

(4) to support policies and programs that provide manufacturers with incentives to assist the United States in making 

more efficient and economical use of eligible facilities for commercial purposes; 

(5) to provide, as appropriate, small businesses (including 

socially and economically disadvantaged small business con-
1803 § 4553 CH. 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 

cerns and new small businesses) with incentives that encourage those businesses to undertake manufacturing and other industrial processing activities that contribute to the prosperity 

of the United States; 

(6) to encourage the creation of jobs through increased investment in the private sector of the United States economy; 

(7) to foster a more efficient, cost-effective, and adaptable 

armaments industry in the United States; 

(8) to achieve, with respect to armaments manufacturing, 

storage, maintenance, renovation, and demilitarization capacity, an optimum level of readiness of the national technology 

and industrial base within the United States that is consistent 

with the projected threats to the national security of the 

United States and the projected emergency requirements of the 

armed forces; and 

(9) to encourage facility use contracting where feasible. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title III, Sec. 344(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–67; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title III, Sec. 323(c), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3194.) 

§ 4553. Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support 

Initiative 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR INITIATIVE.—The Secretary may carry out 

a program to be known as the ‘‘Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Initiative’’. 

(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the ARMS Initiative are as follows: 

(1) To encourage commercial firms, to the maximum extent 

practicable, to use eligible facilities for commercial purposes. 

(2) To increase the opportunities for small businesses (including socially and economically disadvantaged small business 

concerns and new small businesses) to use eligible facilities for 

those purposes. 

(3) To maintain in the United States a work force having 

the skills necessary to meet industrial emergency planned requirements for national security purposes. 

(4) To demonstrate innovative business practices, to support Department of Defense acquisition reform, and to serve as 

both a model and a laboratory for future defense conversion 

initiatives of the Department of Defense. 

(5) To the maximum extent practicable, to allow the operation of eligible facilities to be rapidly responsive to the forces 

of free market competition. 

(6) To reduce or eliminate the cost of Government ownership of eligible facilities, including the costs of operations and 

maintenance, the costs of environmental remediation, and 

other costs. 

(7) To reduce the cost of products of the Department of Defense produced at eligible facilities. 

(8) To leverage private investment at eligible facilities 

through long-term facility use contracts, property management 

contracts, leases, or other agreements that support and advance the policies and purposes of this chapter, for the following activities: 

(A) Recapitalization of plant and equipment. 
§ 4554 CH. 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 1804 

(B) Environmental remediation. 

(C) Promotion of commercial business ventures. 

(D) Other activities approved by the Secretary. 

(9) To foster cooperation between the Department of the 

Army, property managers, commercial interests, and State and 

local agencies in the implementation of sustainable development strategies and investment in eligible facilities made 

available for purposes of the ARMS Initiative. 

(10) To reduce or eliminate the cost of asset disposal that 

would be incurred if property at an eligible facility was declared excess to the needs of the Department of the Army. 

(c) AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES.—The Secretary may make any 

eligible facility available for the purposes of the ARMS Initiative. 

(d) CONSIDERATION FOR LEASES.—Section 1302 of title 40 shall 

not apply to uses of property or facilities in accordance with the 

ARMS Initiative. 

(e) PROGRAM SUPPORT.—(1) Funds appropriated for purposes of 

the ARMS Initiative may be used for administrative support and 

management. 

(2) A full annual accounting of such expenses for each fiscal 

year shall be provided to the Committee on Armed Services and the 

Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on 

Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

of Representatives not later than March 30 of the following fiscal 

year. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title III, Sec. 344(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–68; amended Pub. L. 108–178, Sec. 4(b)(5), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title III, Sec. 323(d), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3194.) 

§ 4554. Property management contracts and leases 

(a) IN GENERAL.—In the case of each eligible facility that is 

made available for the ARMS Initiative, the Secretary— 

(1) shall make full use of facility use contracts, leases, and 

other such commercial contractual instruments as may be appropriate; 

(2) shall evaluate, on the basis of efficiency, cost, emergency mobilization requirements, and the goals and purposes 

of the ARMS Initiative, the procurement of services from the 

property manager, including maintenance, operation, modification, infrastructure, environmental restoration and remediation, and disposal of ammunition manufacturing assets, and 

other services; and 

(3) may, in carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2)— 

(A) enter into contracts, and provide for subcontracts, 

for terms up to 25 years, as the Secretary considers appropriate and consistent with the needs of the Department of 

the Army and the goals and purposes of the ARMS Initiative; and 

(B) use procedures that are authorized to be used 

under section 2304(c)(5) of this title when the contractor or 

subcontractor is a source specified in law. 

(b) CONSIDERATION FOR USE.—(1) To the extent provided in a 

contract entered into under this section for the use of property at 

an eligible facility that is accountable under the contract, the Sec-
1805 § 4555 CH. 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 

retary may accept consideration for such use that is, in whole or 

in part, in a form other than— 

(A) rental payments; or 

(B) revenue generated at the facility. 

(2) Forms of consideration acceptable under paragraph (1) for 

a use of an eligible facility or any property at an eligible facility 

include the following: 

(A) The improvement, maintenance, protection, repair, and 

restoration of the facility, the property, or any property within 

the boundaries of the installation where the facility is located. 

(B) Reductions in overhead costs. 

(C) Reductions in product cost. 

(D) The demilitarization and storage of conventional ammunition. 

(3) The authority under paragraph (1) may be exercised without regard to section 3302(b) of title 31 and any other provision of 

law. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title III, Sec. 344(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–69; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title III, Sec. 323(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3194.) 

§ 4555. ARMS Initiative loan guarantee program 

(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary may carry out a loan guarantee program to encourage commercial firms to use eligible facilities under this chapter. Under 

any such program, the Secretary may guarantee the repayment of 

any loan made to a commercial firm to fund, in whole or in part, 

the establishment of a commercial activity to use an eligible facility 

under this chapter. 

(b) ADVANCED BUDGET AUTHORITY.—Loan guarantees under 

this section may not be committed except to the extent that appropriations of budget authority to cover their costs are made in advance, as required by section 504 of the Federal Credit Reform Act 

of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c). 

(c) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.—(1) The Secretary may enter 

into an agreement with any of the officials named in paragraph (2) 

under which that official may, for the purposes of this section— 

(A) process applications for loan guarantees; 

(B) guarantee repayment of loans; and 

(C) provide any other services to the Secretary to administer the loan guarantee program. 

(2) The officials referred to in paragraph (1) are as follows: 

(A) The Administrator of the Small Business Administration. 

(B) The head of any appropriate agency in the Department 

of Agriculture, including— 

(i) the Administrator of the Farmers Home Administration; and 

(ii) the Administrator of the Rural Development Administration. 

(3) Each official authorized to do so under an agreement entered into under paragraph (1) may guarantee loans under this section to commercial firms of any size, notwithstanding any limitations on the size of applicants imposed on other loan guarantee 

programs that the official administers. 
§ 4555 CH. 434—ARMAMENTS INDUSTRIAL BASE 1806 

(4) To the extent practicable, each official processing loan guarantee applications under this section pursuant to an agreement entered into under paragraph (1) shall use the same processing procedures as the official uses for processing loan guarantee applications 

under other loan guarantee programs that the official administers. 

(d) LOAN LIMITS.—The maximum amount of loan principal 

guaranteed during a fiscal year under this section may not exceed— 

(1) $20,000,000, with respect to any single borrower; and 

(2) $320,000,000 with respect to all borrowers. 

(e) TRANSFER OF FUNDS.—The Secretary may transfer to an official providing services under subsection (c), and that official may 

accept, such funds as may be necessary to administer the loan 

guarantee program under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title III, Sec. 344(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–70.) 
1807 

CHAPTER 435—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO 

ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

4561. Rations. 

4562. Clothing. 

4563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent contagion. 

4564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on 

shore duty with Army. 

4565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition. 

§ 4561. Rations 

(a) The President may prescribe the components, and the 

quantities thereof, of the Army ration. He may direct the issue of 

equivalent articles in place of the prescribed components whenever, 

in his opinion, economy and the health and comfort of the members 

of the Army so require. 

(b) Under the direction of the Secretary of the Army, the 

branch, office, or officer designated by him shall issue the components of the Army ration. 

(c) An enlisted member of the Army on active duty is entitled 

to one ration daily. The emergency ration, when issued, is in addition to the regular ration. 

(d) Fresh or preserved fruits, milk, butter, and eggs necessary 

for the proper diet of the sick in hospitals shall be provided under 

regulations prescribed by the Surgeon General and approved by the 

Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 255.) 

§ 4562. Clothing 

The President may prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing 

to be issued annually to members of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 256.) 

§ 4563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent 

contagion 

Upon the recommendation of the Surgeon General, the Secretary of the Army may order a gratuitous issue of clothing to any 

enlisted member of the Army who has had a contagious disease, 

and to any hospital attendant who attended him while he had that 

disease, to replace clothing destroyed by order of an officer of the 

Medical Corps to prevent contagion. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 256.) 

§ 4564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on shore duty with Army 

While any detachment of the Navy or Marine Corps is on shore 

duty in cooperation with troops of the Army, the officer of the Army 

designated by the Secretary of the Army shall, upon the requisition 
§ 4565 CH. 435—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 1808 

of the officer of the Navy or Marine Corps in command of the detachment, issue rations and camp equipment, and furnish transportation, to that detachment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 256.) 

§ 4565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may dispose of colors, standards, 

and guidons of demobilized organizations of the Army, as follows: 

(1) Those brought into Federal service by the Army National Guard of a State may be returned to that State upon the 

request of its governor. 

(2) Those that cannot be returned under clause (1) may, 

upon the request of its governor, be sent to the State that, as 

determined by the Secretary, furnished the majority of members of the organization when it was formed. 

Those that cannot be returned or sent under clause (1) or (2) of this 

subsection shall be delivered to the Secretary for such national use 

as the Secretary may direct. 

(b) Title to colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations of the Army remains in the United States. 

(c) No color, standard, or guidon may be disposed of under this 

section unless provision satisfactory to the Secretary has been 

made for its preservation and care. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 256; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 29, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119.) 
1809 

CHAPTER 437—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

4591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations. 

4592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due connecting commercial 

facilities. 

4593. Quarters: heat and light. 

4594. Furnishing of heraldic services. 

4595. Army Military History Institute: fee for providing historical information to 

the public. 

§ 4591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations 

During actual or threatened hostilities, proceeds from operating a public utility in connection with operations of the Corps of 

Engineers in the field overseas are available for that utility until 

the close of the fiscal year following that in which they are received. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 257.) 

§ 4592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due 

connecting commercial facilities 

In the operation of telegraph lines, cables, or radio stations, 

members of the Signal Corps may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army, collect forwarding charges due connecting commercial telegraph or radio companies for sending radiograms or 

telegrams over their lines. Under such regulations as the Secretary 

may prescribe, they may present a voucher to a disbursing official 

for payment of the forwarding charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 257; Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(1)(A), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 

1052; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, Sec. 105(e), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3830.) 

§ 4593. Quarters: heat and light 

The heat and light necessary for the authorized quarters of 

members of the Army shall be furnished at the expense of the 

United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 257.) 

§ 4594. Furnishing of heraldic services 

(a) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army, an authority designated by him may, upon the request of, 

and subject to approval by, the Secretary of another military department, design flags, insignia, badges, medals, seals, decorations, 

guidons, streamers, finial pieces for flagstaffs, buttons, buckles, 

awards, trophies, marks, emblems, rosettes, scrolls, braids, ribbons, 

knots, tabs, cords, and similar items for the requesting department. 

(b) Upon request the Secretary of the Army may advise other 

departments and agencies of the United States on matters of heraldry. 
§ 4595 CH. 437—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 1810 

(c) The Secretary of the Army may prescribe regulations providing for reimbursement for services furnished under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–263, Sec. 1(1), Sept. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 589.) 

§ 4595. Army Military History Institute: fee for providing 

historical information to the public 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of the Army may charge a person a fee for providing the person with information from the United States Army Military History 

Institute that is requested by that person. 

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—A fee may not be charged under this section— 

(1) to a person for information that the person requests to 

carry out a duty as a member of the armed forces or an officer 

or employee of the United States; or 

(2) for a release of information under section 552 of title 

5. 

(c) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—A fee charged for providing information under this section may not exceed the cost of providing the 

information. 

(d) RETENTION OF FEES.—Amounts received under subsection 

(a) for providing information in any fiscal year shall be credited to 

the appropriation or appropriations charged the costs of providing 

information to the public from the United States Army Military 

History Institute during that fiscal year. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘United States Army Military History Institute’’ means the archive for historical records and materials of 

the Army that the Secretary of the Army designates as the primary archive for such records and materials. 

(2) The terms ‘‘officer of the United States’’ and ‘‘employee 

of the United States’’ have the meanings given the terms ‘‘officer’’ and ‘‘employee’’, respectively, in sections 2104 and 2105, 

respectively, of title 5. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1085(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–287.) 
1811 

CHAPTER 439—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

Sec. 

4621. Quartermaster supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or 

military departments and employees; prices. 

4622. Rations: commissioned officers in field. 

[4623. Repealed.] 

4624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Army; American National Red 

Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

4625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian employees of Army; 

American National Red Cross; educational institutions; homes for veterans’ orphans. 

4626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or air attache ́. 

4627. Supplies: educational institutions. 

4628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying schools. 

4629. Proceeds: disposition. 

§ 4621. Quartermaster supplies: members of armed forces; 

veterans; executive or military departments and 

employees; prices 

(a) The Secretary of the Army shall procure and sell, for cash 

or credit— 

(1) articles specified by the Secretary of the Army or a person designated by him, to members of the Army; and 

(2) items of individual clothing and equipment, to officers 

of the Army, under such restrictions as the Secretary may proscribe. 

An account of sales on credit shall be kept and the amount due reported to any branch, office, or officer designated by the Secretary. 

Except for articles and items acquired through the use of working 

capital funds under section 2208 of this title, sales of articles shall 

be at cost, and sales of individual clothing and equipment shall be 

at average current prices, including overhead, as determined by the 

Secretary. 

(b) The Secretary shall sell subsistence supplies to members of 

other armed forces at the prices at which like property is sold to 

members of the Army. 

(c) The Secretary may sell serviceable quartermaster property, 

other than subsistence supplies, to an officer of another armed 

force for his use in the service, in the same manner as these articles are sold to an officer of the Army. 

(d) A person who has been discharged honorably or under honorable conditions from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps 

and who is receiving care and medical treatment from the Public 

Health Service or the Department of Veterans Affairs may buy subsistence supplies and other supplies, except articles of uniform, at 

the prices at which like property is sold to a member of the Army. 

(e) Under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, exterior articles of uniform may be sold to a person who has been discharged from the Army honorably or under honorable conditions, at 
§ 4622 CH. 439—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 1812 

the prices at which like articles are sold to members of the Army. 

This subsection does not modify section 772 or 773 of this title. 

(f) Whenever, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary, subsistence supplies are furnished to any branch of the 

Army or sold to employees of any executive department other than 

the Department of Defense, payment shall be made in cash or by 

commercial credit. 

(g) The Secretary may, by regulation, provide for the procurement and sale of stores designated by him to such civilian officers 

and employees of the United States, and such other persons, as he 

considers proper— 

(1) at military installations outside the United States; and 

(2) at military installations inside the United States where 

he determines that it is impracticable for those civilian officers, 

employees, and persons to obtain those stores from private 

agencies without impairing the efficient operation of military 

activities. 

However, sales to officers and employees inside the United States 

may be made only to those residing within military installations. 

(h) Appropriations for subsistence of the Army may be applied 

to the purchase of subsistence supplies for sale to members of the 

Army on active duty for the use of themselves and their families. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 257; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 118, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

513; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 100–180, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 313(c), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title III, Sec. 375(b)(1), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 283.) 

§ 4622. Rations: commissioned officers in field 

Commissioned officers of the Army serving in the field may 

buy rations for their own use, on credit, from any officer designated 

by the Secretary of the Army. Amounts due for these purchases 

shall be reported monthly to the officer of the Army designated by 

the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 258.) 

[§ 4623. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–482, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 

Stat. 1082] 

§ 4624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Army; 

American National Red Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home 

(a) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army, a civilian employee of the Department of the Army who is 

stationed at an Army post may buy necessary medical supplies 

from the Army when they are prescribed by an officer of the Medical Corps on active duty. 

(b) With the approval of the Secretary, the Army Medical Department may sell medical supplies to the American National Red 

Cross for cash. 

(c) Any branch, office, or officer designated by the Secretary 

may sell medical and hospital supplies to the Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 259; Pub. L. 90–329, June 4, 1968, 82 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 

96–513, title V, Sec. 512(18)(A), (B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title 

XV, Sec. 1533(a)(5)(A), (B), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1734.) 
1813 § 4629 CH. 439—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

§ 4625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian 

employees of Army; American National Red Cross; 

educational institutions; homes for veterans’ orphans 

(a) Any branch, office, or officer designated by the Secretary of 

the Army may sell articles of ordnance property to officers of other 

armed forces for their use in the service, in the same manner as 

those articles are sold to officers of the Army. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, 

ordnance stores may be sold to civilian employees of the Army and 

to the American National Red Cross. 

(c) Articles of ordnance property may be sold to educational institutions and to State soldiers’ and sailors’ orphans’ homes for 

maintaining the ordnance and ordnance stores issued to those institutions and homes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 259.) 

§ 4626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or air 

attache ́

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Army may provide for the sale of fuel, oil, and other supplies 

for use in aircraft operated by a foreign military or air attache ́ accredited to the United States, and for the furnishing of mechanical 

service and other assistance to such aircraft. Shelter may be furnished to such aircraft, but only without charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 259.) 

§ 4627. Supplies: educational institutions 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe, supplies and military publications procured for the Army 

may be sold to any educational institution to which an officer of the 

Army is detailed as professor of military science and tactics, for the 

use of its military students. Sales under this section shall be for 

cash. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 259.) 

§ 4628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying 

schools 

The Secretary of the Army may sell, to civilian flying schools 

at which personnel of the Department of the Army or the Department of the Air Force are receiving flight training under contracts 

requiring these schools to maintain and repair airplanes of the 

Army furnished to them for flight training, the spare parts and accessories needed for those repairs. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 259.) 

§ 4629. Proceeds: disposition 

The proceeds of sales of the following shall be paid into the 

Treasury to the credit of the appropriation out of which they were 

purchased, and are available for the purposes of that appropriation: 

(1) Exterior articles of uniform sold under section 4621 of 

this title. 
§ 4629 CH. 439—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 1814 

(2) Supplies and military publications sold to educational 

institutions under section 4627 of this title. 

(3) Fuel, oil, other supplies, and services for aircraft of a 

foreign military or air attache sold under section 4626 of this 

title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 260.) 
1815 

CHAPTER 441—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

OTHER THAN TO ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

4651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of R.O.T.C. 

4652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of cadets. 

4653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia high schools. 

4654. Quartermaster supplies: military instruction camps. 

4655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of the United States. 

4656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools. 

4657. Sale of ammunition for avalanche-control purposes. 

§ 4651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining units of R.O.T.C. 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Army may issue arms, tentage, and equipment that he considers necessary for proper military training, to any educational institution at which no unit of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps 

is maintained, but which has a course in military training prescribed by the Secretary and which has at least 100 physically fit 

students over 14 years of age. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 260; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(b(3)(C), Nov. 8, 

1985, 99 Stat. 736.) 

§ 4652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having corps of cadets 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may lend, without expense to 

the United States, magazine rifles and appendages that are not of 

the existing service models in use at the time and that are not necessary for a proper reserve supply, to any educational institution 

having a uniformed corps of cadets of sufficient number for target 

practice. He may also issue 40 rounds of ball cartridges for each 

cadet for each range at which target practice is held, but not more 

than 120 rounds each year for each cadet participating in target 

practice. 

(b) The institutions to which property is lent under subsection 

(a) shall use it for target practice, take proper care of it and return 

it when required. 

(c) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this 

section, containing such other requirements as he considers necessary to safeguard the interests of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 260.) 

§ 4653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia 

high schools 

The Secretary of the Army, under regulations to be prescribed 

by him, may issue to the high schools of the District of Columbia 

ordnance and ordnance stores required for military instruction and 
§ 4654 CH. 441—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 1816 

practice. The Secretary shall require a bond in double the value of 

the property issued under this section, for the care and safekeeping 

of that property and, except for property properly expended, for its 

return when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 261.) 

§ 4654. Quartermaster supplies: military instruction camps 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Army may issue, to any educational institution at which an 

Army officer is detailed as professor of military science and tactics, 

such quartermaster supplies as are necessary to establish and 

maintain a camp for the military instruction of its students. The 

Secretary shall require a bond in the value of the property issued 

under this section, for the care and safekeeping of that property 

and, except for property properly expended, for its return when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 261.) 

§ 4655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of 

the United States 

(a) Whenever required for the protection of public money and 

property, the Secretary of the Army may lend arms and their 

accouterments, and issue ammunition, to a department or independent agency of the United States, upon request of its head. 

Property lent or issued under this subsection may be delivered to 

an officer of the department or agency designated by the head 

thereof, and that officer shall account for the property to the Secretary of the Army. Property lent or issued under this subsection 

and not properly expended shall be returned when it is no longer 

needed. 

(b) The department or agency to which property is lent or 

issued under subsection (a) shall transfer funds to the credit of the 

Department of the Army to cover the costs of— 

(1) ammunition issued; 

(2) replacing arms and accouterments that have been lost 

or destroyed, or cannot be repaired; 

(3) repairing arms and accouterments returned to the Department of the Army; and 

(4) making and receiving shipments by the Department of 

the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 261.) 

§ 4656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools 

The Secretary of the Army, under regulations to be prescribed 

by him, may lend aircraft, aircraft parts, and aeronautical equipment and accessories that are required for instruction, training, 

and maintenance, to accredited civilian aviation schools at which 

personnel of the Department of the Army or the Department of the 

Air Force are pursuing a course of instruction and training under 

detail by competent orders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 261; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(42), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1298.) 
1817 § 4657 CH. 441—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

§ 4657. Sale of ammunition for avalanche-control purposes 

Subject to the needs of the Army, the Secretary of the Army 

may sell ammunition for military weapons which are used for avalanche-control purposes to any State (or entity of a State) or to any 

other non-Federal entity that has been authorized by a State to use 

those weapons in that State for avalanche-control purposes. Sales 

of ammunition under this section shall be on a reimbursable basis 

and shall be subject to the condition that the ammunition be used 

only for avalanche-control purposes. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, Sec. 1538(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2636.) 
1818 

CHAPTER 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS 

MATERIAL 

Sec. 

4681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments. 

4682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council of Boy Scouts of 

America. 

4683. Excess M–1 rifles: loan or donation for funeral and other ceremonial purposes. 

4684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations. 

4685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions and State soldiers and 

sailors’ orphans’ homes. 

4686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers and sailors. 

4687. Sale of excess, obsolete, or unserviceable ammunition and ammunition 

components. 

4688. Armor-piercing ammunition and components: condition on disposal. 

4689. Transfer of material and equipment to the Architect of the Capitol. 

4690. Recyclable munitions materials: sale; use of proceeds. 

§ 4681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Army may sell surplus war material and supplies, except food, of the Department of the Army, for which there is no 

adequate domestic market, to any State or to any foreign government with which the United States was at peace on June 5, 1920. 

Sales under this section shall be made upon terms that the Secretary considers expedient. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 262; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(19), 

94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(24), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 4682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council 

of Boy Scouts of America 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Army, under such conditions as he may prescribe, 

may sell obsolete or excess material to the National Council of the 

Boy Scouts of America. Sales under this section shall be at fair 

value to the Department of the Army, including packing, handling, 

and transportation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 262; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(19), 

94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(25), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 4683. Excess M–1 rifles: loan or donation for funeral and 

other ceremonial purposes 

(a) AUTHORITY TO LEND OR DONATE.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Army, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, may conditionally lend or donate excess M–1 rifles (not more than 15), slings, 

and cartridge belts to any eligible organization for use by that organization for funeral ceremonies of a member or former member 

of the armed forces, and for other ceremonial purposes. 
1819 § 4685 CH. 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 

(2) If the rifles to be loaned or donated under paragraph (1) are 

to be used by the eligible organization for funeral ceremonies of a 

member or former member of the armed forces, the Secretary may 

issue and deliver the rifles, together with the necessary 

accoutrements and blank ammunition, without charge. 

(b) RELIEF FROM LIABILITY.—The Secretary may relieve an eligible organization to which materials are lent or donated under 

subsection (a), and the surety on its bond, from liability for loss or 

destruction of the material lent or donated, if there is conclusive 

evidence that the loss or destruction did not result from negligence. 

(c) CONDITIONS ON LOAN OR DONATION.—In lending or donating rifles under subsection (a), the Secretary shall impose such conditions on the use of the rifles as may be necessary to ensure security, safety, and accountability. The Secretary may impose such 

other conditions as the Secretary considers appropriate. 

(d) ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATION DEFINED.—In this section, the 

term ‘‘eligible organization’’ means— 

(1) a unit or other organization of honor guards recognized 

by the Secretary of the Army as honor guards for a national 

cemetery; 

(2) a law enforcement agency; or 

(3) a local unit of any organization that, as determined by 

the Secretary of the Army, is a nationally recognized veterans’ 

organization. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 262; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title III, Sec. 381(a)–(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 

Stat. 582.) 

§ 4684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, any 

branch, office, or officer designated by the Secretary of the Army 

may sell, without advertisement and at prices that he considers 

reasonable— 

(1) surplus obsolete small arms and ammunition and 

equipment for them, to any patriotic organization for military 

purposes; and 

(2) surplus obsolete brass or bronze cannons, carriages, 

and cannon balls, for public parks, public buildings, and soldiers’ monuments. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 262; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(19), 

94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(26), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 4685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions 

and State soldiers and sailors’ orphans’ homes 

(a) Upon the recommendation of the governor of the State concerned or Guam or the Virgin Islands, the Secretary of the Army, 

under regulations to be prescribed by him and without cost to the 

United States for transportation, may lend obsolete ordnance and 

ordnance stores to State, Guam, and the Virgin Islands educational 

institutions and to State soldiers and sailors’ orphans’ homes, for 

drill and instruction. However, no loan may be made under this 

subsection to an institution to which ordnance or ordnance stores 

may be issued under any law that was in effect on June 30, 1906, 

and is still in effect. 
§ 4686 CH. 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 1820 

(b) The Secretary shall require a bond from each institution or 

home to which property is lent under subsection (a), in double the 

value of the property lent, for the care and safekeeping of that 

property and, except for property properly expended, for its return 

when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 263; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(10), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 4686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers 

and sailors 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Army may give not more than two obsolete bronze or 

iron cannons suitable for firing salutes to any home for soldiers or 

sailors established and maintained under State authority. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 263; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(19), 

94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(27), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 4687. Sale of excess, obsolete, or unserviceable ammunition and ammunition components 

(a) AUTHORITY TO SELL OUTSIDE DOD.—The Secretary of the 

Army may sell to an eligible purchaser described in subsection (c) 

ammunition or ammunition components that are excess, obsolete, 

or unserviceable and have not been demilitarized if— 

(1) the purchaser enters into an agreement, in advance, 

with the Secretary— 

(A) to demilitarize the ammunition or components; 

and 

(B) to reclaim, recycle, or reuse the component parts 

or materials; or 

(2) the Secretary, or an official of the Department of the 

Army designated by the Secretary, approves the use of the ammunition or components proposed by the purchaser as being 

consistent with the public interest. 

(b) METHOD OF SALE.—The Secretary shall use competitive 

procedures to sell ammunition and ammunition components under 

this section, except that the Secretary may use procedures other 

than competitive procedures in any case in which the Secretary determines that there is only one potential buyer of the items being 

offered for sale. 

(c) ELIGIBLE PURCHASERS.—To be eligible to purchase excess, 

obsolete, or unserviceable ammunition or ammunition components 

under this section, the purchaser shall be a licensed manufacturer 

(as defined in section 921(a)(10) of title 18) that, as determined by 

the Secretary, has a capability to modify, reclaim, transport, and 

either store or sell the ammunition or ammunition components 

sought to be purchased. 

(d) HOLD HARMLESS AGREEMENT.—The Secretary shall require 

a purchaser of ammunition or ammunition components under this 

section to agree to hold harmless and indemnify the United States 

from any claim for damages for death, injury, or other loss resulting from a use of the ammunition or ammunition components, except in a case of willful misconduct or gross negligence of a representative of the United States. 
1821 § 4688 CH. 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 

(e) VERIFICATION OF DEMILITARIZATION.—The Secretary shall 

establish procedures for ensuring that a purchaser of ammunition 

or ammunition components under this section demilitarizes the 

ammunition or ammunition components in accordance with any 

agreement to do so under subsection (a)(1). The procedures shall 

include onsite verification of demilitarization activities. 

(f) CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary may accept ammunition, 

ammunition components, or ammunition demilitarization services 

as consideration for ammunition or ammunition components sold 

under this section. The fair market value of any such consideration 

shall be equal to or exceed the fair market value or, if higher, the 

sale price of the ammunition or ammunition components sold. 

(g) RELATIONSHIP TO ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT.—Nothing in 

this section shall be construed to affect the applicability of section 

38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) to sales of ammunition or ammunition components on the United States Munitions List. 

(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘excess, obsolete, or unserviceable’’, with respect to ammunition or ammunition components, means that 

the ammunition or ammunition components are no longer necessary for war reserves or for support of training of the Army 

or production of ammunition or ammunition components. 

(2) The term ‘‘demilitarize’’, with respect to ammunition or 

ammunition components— 

(A) means to destroy the military offensive or defensive advantages inherent in the ammunition or ammunition components; and 

(B) includes any mutilation, scrapping, melting, burning, or alteration that prevents the use of the ammunition 

or ammunition components for the military purposes for 

which the ammunition or ammunition components was designed or for a lethal purpose. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1065(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1893; amended 

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(30), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399.) 

§ 4688. Armor-piercing ammunition and components: condition on disposal 

(a) LIMITATION ON RESALE OR OTHER TRANSFER.—Except as 

provided in subsection (b), whenever the Secretary of the Army carries out a disposal (by sale or otherwise) of armor-piercing ammunition, or a component of armor-piercing ammunition, the Secretary shall require as a condition of the disposal that the recipient 

agree in writing not to sell or otherwise transfer any of the ammunition (reconditioned or otherwise), or any armor-piercing component of that ammunition, to any purchaser in the United States 

other than a law enforcement or other governmental agency. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—Subsection (a) does not apply to a transfer of 

a component of armor-piercing ammunition solely for the purpose 

of metal reclamation by means of a destructive process such as 

melting, crushing, or shredding. 

(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR NON-ARMOR-PIERCING COMPONENTS.—A 

component of the armor-piercing ammunition that is not itself 

armor-piercing and is not subjected to metal reclamation as de-
§ 4689 CH. 443—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 1822 

scribed in subsection (b) may not be used as a component in the 

production of new or remanufactured armor-piercing ammunition 

other than for sale to a law enforcement or other governmental 

agency or for a government-to-government sale or commercial export to a foreign government under the Arms Export Control Act 

(22 U.S.C. 2751). 

(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘armor-piercing ammunition’’ means a center-fire cartridge the military designation of 

which includes the term ‘‘armor penetrator’’ or ‘‘armor-piercing’’, including a center-fire cartridge designated as armor-piercing incendiary (API) or armor-piercing incendiary-tracer (API–T). 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title III, Sec. 382(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–85.) 

§ 4689. Transfer of material and equipment to the Architect 

of the Capitol 

The Secretary of the Army is authorized to transfer, without 

payment, to the Architect of the Capitol, such material and equipment, not required by the Department of the Army, as the Architect may request for use at the Capitol power plant, the Capitol, 

and the Senate and House Office Buildings. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 2(1), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1294; amended Pub. L. 108–375, 

div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(29), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2063.) 

§ 4690. Recyclable munitions materials: sale; use of proceeds 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR PROGRAM.—Notwithstanding section 2577 

of this title, the Secretary of the Army may carry out a program 

to sell recyclable munitions materials resulting from the demilitarization of conventional military munitions without regard to 

chapter 5 of title 40 and use any proceeds in accordance with subsection (c). 

(b) METHOD OF SALE.—The Secretary shall use competitive 

procedures to sell recyclable munitions materials under this section 

in a manner consistent with Federal procurement laws and regulations. 

(c) PROCEEDS.—(1) Proceeds from the sale of recyclable munitions materials under this section shall be credited to an account 

that is specified as being for Army ammunition demilitarization 

from funds made available for the procurement of ammunition, to 

be available only for reclamation, recycling, and reuse of conventional military munitions (including research and development and 

equipment purchased for such purpose). 

(2) Amounts credited under this subsection shall be available 

for obligation for the fiscal year during which the funds are so credited and for three subsequent fiscal years. 

(d) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to 

carry out the program established under this section. Such regulations shall be consistent and in compliance with the Solid Waste 

Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) and the regulations implementing that Act. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title III, Sec. 353(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2161.) 
1823 

CHAPTER 445—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS OF DECEASED 

PERSONS; CAPTURED FLAGS 

Sec. 

[4711. Repealed.] 

4712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial. 

[4713. Repealed.] 

4714. Collection of captured flags, standards, and colors. 

[§ 4711. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VII, Sec. 

721(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 694] 

§ 4712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial 

(a) Upon the death of— 

(1) a person subject to military law at a place or command 

under the jurisdiction of the Army; or 

(2) a resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home who 

dies in an Army hospital outside the District of Columbia when 

sent from the Home to that hospital for treatment; 

the commanding officer of the place or command shall permit the 

legal representative or the surviving spouse of the deceased, if 

present, to take possession of the effects of the deceased that are 

then in camp or quarters. 

(b) If there is no legal representative or surviving spouse 

present, the commanding officer shall direct a summary court-martial to collect the effects of the deceased that are then in camp or 

quarters. 

(c) The summary court-martial may collect debts due the decedent’s estate by local debtors, pay undisputed local creditors of the 

deceased to the extent permitted by money of the deceased in the 

court’s possession, and shall take receipts for those payments, to be 

filed with the court’s final report to the Department of the Army. 

(d) As soon as practicable after the collection of the effects and 

money of the deceased, the summary court-martial shall send them 

at the expense of the United States to the living person highest on 

the following list who can be found by the court: 

(1) The surviving spouse or legal representative. 

(2) A child of the deceased. 

(3) A parent of the deceased. 

(4) A brother or sister of the deceased. 

(5) The next-of-kin of the deceased. 

(6) A beneficiary named in the will of the deceased. 

(e) If the summary court-martial cannot dispose of the effects 

under subsection (d) because there are no persons in those categories or because the court finds that the addresses of the persons 

are not known or readily ascertainable, the court may convert the 

effects of the deceased, except sabers, insignia, decorations, medals, 

watches, trinkets, manuscripts, and other articles valuable chiefly 
[§ 4713 CH. 445—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS; CAPTURED FLAGS 1824 

as keepsakes, into cash, by public or private sale, but not until 30 

days after the date of death of the deceased. 

(f) As soon as practicable after the effects have been converted 

into cash under subsection (e), the summary court-martial shall deposit all cash in the court’s possession and belonging to the estate 

with the officer designated in regulations, and shall send a receipt 

therefor, together with any will or other papers of value, an inventory of the effects, and articles not permitted to be sold, to the executive part of the Department of the Army. The Secretary of the 

Army shall deliver to the Armed Forces Retirement Home all items 

received by the executive part of the Department of the Army 

under this subsection. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 264; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 30, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(20), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, 

Sec. 1301(b)(4)(A), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1533(a)(6), 

Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, Sec. 202(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 

3842.) 

[§ 4713. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1533(a)(7)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1734] 

§ 4714. Collection of captured flags, standards, and colors 

The Secretary of the Army shall have sent to him all flags, 

standards, and colors taken by the Army from enemies of the 

United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 266.) 
1825 

CHAPTER 447—TRANSPORTATION 

Sec. 

[4741 to 4748. Repealed or Renumbered.] 

4749. Property: for United States surveys. 

[§ 4741. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1072(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2058] 

[§ 4742. Renumbered 2644] 

[§ 4743. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1072(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2058] 

[§ 4744. Secs. 4744 to 4747. Renumbered Secs. 2648 to 2651] 

[§ 4748. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 119(1), Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 513] 

§ 4749. Property: for United States surveys 

Under regulations governing the transportation of Army supplies, any branch, office, or officer designated by the Secretary of 

the Army shall receive, transport, and be responsible for property 

turned over by the officers or agents of any United States survey, 

for the National Museum or for a department of the United States 

or field office thereof. The amount paid by the Army for transportation under this section shall be refunded to the Army by the National Museum or the department to which the property is consigned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 268.) 
1826 

CHAPTER 449—REAL PROPERTY 

Sec. 

4771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, training, supply base, or 

aviation field. 

4772. Heritage Center for the National Museum of the United States Army: development and operation. 

[4774 to 4775. Repealed.] 

4776. Emergency construction: fortifications. 

4777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving 

livestock. 

4778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of buildings; Young Men’s 

Christian Association. 

4779. Use of public property. 

4780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia. 

§ 4771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, 

training, supply base, or aviation field 

The Secretary of the Army may accept for the United States 

a gift of— 

(1) land that he considers suitable and desirable for a permanent mobilization, training, or supply station; and 

(2) land that he considers suitable and desirable for an 

aviation field, if the gift is from a citizen of the United States 

and its terms authorize the use of the property by the United 

States for any purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 268.) 

§ 4772. Heritage Center for the National Museum of the 

United States Army: development and operation 

(a) AGREEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CENTER.—The Secretary 

of the Army may enter into an agreement with the Army Historical 

Foundation, a nonprofit organization, for the design, construction, 

and operation of a facility or group of facilities at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, for the National Museum of the United States Army. The facility or group of facilities constructed pursuant to the agreement 

shall be known as the Heritage Center for the National Museum 

of the United States Army (in this section referred to as the 

‘‘Center’’). 

(b) PURPOSE OF CENTER.—The Center shall be used for the 

identification, curation, storage, and public viewing of artifacts and 

artwork of significance to the United States Army, as agreed to by 

the Secretary of the Army. The Center may also be used to support 

such education, training, research, and associated purposes as the 

Secretary considers appropriate. 

(c) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.—(1) The design of the Center 

shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Army. 

(2) For each phase of the development of the Center, the Secretary may— 
1827 [§ 4774 CH. 449—REAL PROPERTY 

(A) accept funds from the Army Historical Foundation for 

the design and construction of such phase of the Center; or 

(B) permit the Army Historical Foundation to contract for 

the design and construction of such phase of the Center. 

(d) ACCEPTANCE BY SECRETARY.—Upon the satisfactory completion, as determined by the Secretary of the Army, of any phase of 

the Center, and upon the satisfaction of any financial obligations 

incident to such phase of the Center by the Army Historical Foundation, the Secretary shall accept such phase of the Center from 

the Army Historical Foundation, and all right, title, and interest in 

and to such phase of the Center shall vest in the United States. 

Upon becoming the property of the United States, the Secretary 

shall assume administrative jurisdiction over the Center. 

(e) USE OF CERTAIN GIFTS.—(1) Under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of the Army, the Commander of the United States 

Army Center of Military History may, without regard to section 

2601 of this title, accept, hold, administer, invest, and spend any 

gift, devise, or bequest of personal property of a value of $250,000 

or less made to the United States if such gift, devise, or bequest 

is for the benefit of the National Museum of the United States 

Army or the Center. 

(2) The Secretary may pay or authorize the payment of any 

reasonable and necessary expense in connection with the conveyance or transfer of a gift, devise, or bequest under this subsection. 

(f) LEASE OF FACILITY.—(1) Under such terms and conditions 

as the Secretary of the Army considers appropriate, the Secretary 

may lease portions of the Center to the Army Historical Foundation 

to be used by the Foundation, consistent with the purpose of the 

Center, for— 

(A) generating revenue for activities of the Center through 

rental use by the public, commercial and nonprofit entities, 

State and local governments, and other Federal agencies; and 

(B) such administrative purposes as may be necessary for 

the support of the Center. 

(2) The annual amount of consideration paid to the Secretary 

by the Army Historical Foundation for a lease under paragraph (1) 

may not exceed an amount equal to the actual cost, as determined 

by the Secretary, of the annual operations and maintenance of the 

Center. 

(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary 

shall use amounts paid under paragraph (2) to cover the costs of 

operation of the Center. 

(g) ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—The Secretary of the 

Army may require such additional terms and conditions in connection with the agreement authorized by subsection (a) as the Secretary considers appropriate to protect the interests of the United 

States. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2822(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2130.) 

[§ 4774. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 7(1), July 12, 1982, 96 

Stat. 173] 
[§ 4775 CH. 449—REAL PROPERTY 1828 

[§ 4775. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–145, title V, Sec. 509(a), Oct. 27, 

1971, 85 Stat. 408] 

§ 4776. Emergency construction: fortifications 

If in an emergency the President considers it urgent, a temporary fort or fortification may be built on private land if the owner 

consents in writing. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 270; Pub. L. 91–393, Sec. 5, Sept. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 835.) 

§ 4777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving livestock 

Whenever the Secretary of the Army considers that it can be 

done without injury to the reservation or inconvenience to the military forces stationed there, he may permit— 

(1) the landing of ferries at a military reservation; 

(2) the erection of bridges on a military reservation; and 

(3) the driving of livestock across a military reservation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 270; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 512(23), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2930.) 

§ 4778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of 

buildings; Young Men’s Christian Association 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Army may issue a revocable license to the International Committee of Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America to 

erect and maintain on military reservations, inside the United 

States and the Commonwealths and possessions, buildings needed 

by that organization for the promotion of the social, physical, intellectual, and moral welfare of the members of the Army on those 

reservations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 270; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(5), (6), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440, 3441; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 1075(h)(4)(A)(i), Jan. 

7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4377.) 

§ 4779. Use of public property 

(a) When the economy of the Army so requires, the Secretary 

of the Army shall establish military headquarters in places where 

suitable buildings are owned by the United States. 

(b) No money appropriated for the support of the Army may be 

spent for post gardens or Army exchanges. However, this does not 

prevent Army exchanges from using public buildings or public 

transportation that, in the opinion of the office or officer designated 

by the Secretary, are not needed for other purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 270; Pub. L. 99–661, div. B, title VII, Sec. 2721, Nov. 14, 

1986, 100 Stat. 4042.) 

§ 4780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia 

(a) In time of war or when war is imminent, the Secretary of 

the Army may acquire by lease any building, or part of a building, 

in the District of Columbia that may be needed for military purposes. 

(b) At any time, the Secretary may, for the purposes of the Department of the Army, requisition the use and take possession of 

any building or space in any building, and its appurtenances, in 

the District of Columbia, other than— 
1829 § 4780 CH. 449—REAL PROPERTY 

(1) a dwelling house occupied as such; 

(2) a building occupied by any other agency of the United 

States; or 

(3) space in such a dwelling house or building. 

The Secretary shall determine, and pay out of funds appropriated 

for the payment of rent by the Department of the Army, just compensation for that use. If the amount of the compensation is not 

satisfactory to the person entitled to it, the Secretary shall pay 75 

percent of it to that person, and the claimant is entitled to recover 

by action against the United States an additional amount that, 

when added to the amount paid by the Secretary, is determined by 

the court to be just compensation for that use. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(105)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1489.) 
1830 

CHAPTER 451—MILITARY CLAIMS 

Sec. 

4801. Definition. 

4802. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

4803. Admiralty claims by United States. 

4804. Salvage claims by United States. 

[4805. Repealed.] 

4806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive. 

§ 4801. Definition 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘settle’’ means consider, ascertain, 

adjust, determine, and dispose of a claim, whether by full or partial 

allowance or by disallowance. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 270; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(19)(B), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161.) 

§ 4802. Admiralty claims against the United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may settle or compromise an admiralty claim against the United States for— 

(1) damage caused by a vessel of, or in the service of, the 

Department of the Army or by other property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army; 

(2) compensation for towage and salvage service, including 

contract salvage, rendered to a vessel of, or in the service of, 

the Department of the Army or to other property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army; or 

(3) damage caused by a maritime tort committed by any 

agent or employee of the Department of the Army or by property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army. 

(b) If a claim under subsection (a) is settled or compromised for $500,000 or less, the Secretary of the Army may pay it. If it is settled or compromised for more than $500,000, he shall certify it to 

Congress. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be paid is not more than $100,000, the Secretary of the Army may delegate his authority 

under subsection (a) to any person in the Department of the Army 

designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 271; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 92– 

417, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 29, 1972, 86 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608.) 

§ 4803. Admiralty claims by United States 

(a) Under the direction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army may settle, or compromise, and receive payment 

of a claim by the United States for damage to property under the 

jurisdiction of the Department of the Army or property for which 

the Department has assumed an obligation to respond for damage, 

if— 

(1) the claim is— 
1831 § 4806 CH. 451—MILITARY CLAIMS 

(A) of a kind that is within the admiralty jurisdiction 

of a district court of the United States; or 

(B) for damage caused by a vessel or floating object; 

and 

(2) the amount to be received by the United States is not 

more than $500,000. 

(b) In exchange for payment of an amount found to be due the 

United States under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Army may 

execute a release of the claim on behalf of the United States. 

Amounts received under this section shall be covered into the 

Treasury. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be received by the United 

States is not more than $100,000, the Secretary of the Army may 

delegate his authority under subsections (a) and (b) to any person 

in the Department of the Army designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 271; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 101– 

189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608.) 

§ 4804. Salvage claims by United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may settle, or compromise, and 

receive payment of a claim by the United States for salvage services performed by the Department of the Army. Amounts received 

under this section shall be covered into the Treasury. 

(b) In any case where the amount to be received by the United 

States is not more than $10,000, the Secretary of the Army may 

delegate his authority under subsection (a) to any person designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 271; Pub. L. 92–417, Sec. 1(3), Aug. 29, 1972, 86 Stat. 654.) 

[§ 4805. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–533, Sec. 1(8)(A), June 29, 1960, 

74 Stat. 247] 

§ 4806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive 

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon acceptance 

of payment the settlement or compromise of a claim under section 

4802 or 4803 of this title is final and conclusive. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 272.) 
1832 

CHAPTER 453—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

4831. Custody of departmental records and property. 

[4832 to 4836. Repealed.] 

4837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 

4838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of company commander. 

4839. Settlement of accounts: oaths. 

4840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts. 

4841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors. 

4842. Settlement of accounts of line officers. 

§ 4831. Custody of departmental records and property 

The Secretary of the Army has custody and charge of all books, 

records, papers, furniture, fixtures, and other property under the 

lawful control of the executive part of the Department of the Army. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 272.) 

[§ 4832. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 

375(c)(1)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 83] 

[§ 4833. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–480, Sec. 1(2), June 8, 1962, 76 

Stat. 94] 

[§ 4834. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–310, title II, Sec. 204(a), June 6, 

1972, 86 Stat. 202] 

[§ 4835. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1006(c)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2633] 

[§ 4836. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 

375(c)(1)(B), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 83] 

§ 4837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of 

indebtedness of members 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army may have remitted or cancelled any part of the indebtedness of a person to the 

United States or any instrumentality of the United States incurred 

while the person was serving on active duty as a member of the 

Army, but only if the Secretary considers such action to be in the 

best interest of the United States. 

(b) RETROACTIVE APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN DEBTS.—The authority in subsection (a) may be exercised with respect to any debt 

covered by that subsection that is incurred on or after October 7, 

2001. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—This section shall be administered under 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 273; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(27), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1566; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(10), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

512(24)(A), (B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 683(a)(1), 
1833 § 4842 CH. 453—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3322; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VI, Sec. 673(a)(1), (2), (e)(1), Oct. 

17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2271, 2272; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Sec. 1063(c)(7)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 

122 Stat. 323.) 

§ 4838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of company commander 

In the settlement of the accounts of the commanding officer of 

a company for clothing and other military supplies, his affidavit 

may be received to show— 

(1) that vouchers or company books were lost; 

(2) anything tending to prove that any apparent deficiency 

of those articles was caused by unavoidable accident, or by loss 

in actual service without his fault; or 

(3) that all or part of the clothing and supplies was properly used. 

The affidavit may be used as evidence of the facts set forth, with 

or without other evidence, as determined by the Secretary of the 

Army to be just and proper under the circumstances. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 274.) 

§ 4839. Settlement of accounts: oaths 

The Secretary of the Army may detail any employee of the Department of the Army to administer oaths required by law in the 

settlement of an officer’s accounts for clothing and other military 

supplies. An oath administered under this section shall be without 

expense to the person to whom it is administered. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 274.) 

§ 4840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts 

Before final payment upon discharge may be made to an officer 

of the Army who has been accountable or responsible for public 

property, he must obtain a certificate of nonindebtedness to the 

United States from each officer to whom he was accountable or responsible for property. He must also make an affidavit, certified by 

his commanding officer to be correct, that he is not accountable or 

responsible for property to any other officer. An officer who has not 

been responsible for public property must make an affidavit of that 

fact, certified by his commanding officer. Compliance with this section warrants the final payment of the officer concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 274.) 

§ 4841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors 

When authorized by the Secretary of the Army, a disbursing 

official of Army subsistence funds may keep a limited amount of 

those funds in the personal possession and at the risk of the disbursing official to pay small amounts to public creditors. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(10)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1056.) 

§ 4842. Settlement of accounts of line officers 

The Comptroller General shall settle the account of a line officer of the Army for pay due the officer even if the officer cannot 

account for property entrusted to the officer or cannot make a 

monthly report or return, when the Comptroller General is satis- 
§ 4842 CH. 453—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 1834 

fied that the inability to account for property or make a report or 

return was the result of the officer having been a prisoner, or of 

an accident or casualty of war. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(10)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1057.) 
1835 

Subtitle C—Navy and Marine Corps 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

501. Definitions ....................................................................... 5001 

503. Department of the Navy ................................................. 5011 

505. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations ........................ 5031 

506. Headquarters, Marine Corps ......................................... 5041 

507. Composition of the Department of the Navy ................ 5061 

[509. Repealed.] 

[511. Repealed.] 

513. Bureaus; Office of the Judge Advocate General ........... 5131 

[515. Repealed.] 

[516. Repealed.] 

[517. Repealed.] 

[519. Repealed.] 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

[531. Repealed.] 

533. Distribution in Grade ..................................................... 5441 

535. Grade and Rank of Officers ........................................... 5501 

537. Enlistments ..................................................................... 5531 

539. Original Appointments ................................................... 5571 

[541. Repealed.] 

[543. Repealed.] 

544. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 5721 

[545. Repealed.] 

[547. Repealed.] 

[549. Repealed.] 

551. Officers in Command ...................................................... 5941 

553. Special Assignments and Details .................................. 5981 

555. Administration ................................................................ 6011 

557. Rations ............................................................................. 6081 

559. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 6111 

561. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 6141 

563. Hospitalization and Medical Care ................................. 6201 

565. Bands ............................................................................... 6221 

567. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 6241 

569. Discharge of Enlisted Members ..................................... 6291 

571. Voluntary Retirement ..................................................... 6321 

573. Involuntary Retirement, Separation, and Furlough .... 6371 

575. Recall to Active Duty ...................................................... 6481 

577. Death Benefits; Care of the Dead .................................. 6521 

PART III—EDUCATION AND TRAINING 

601. Officer Procurement Programs ...................................... 6901 
1836 

602. Training Generally .......................................................... 6931 

603. United States Naval Academy ....................................... 6951 

605. United States Naval Postgraduate School .................... 7041 

607. Retirement of Civilian Members of the Teaching 

Staffs of the United States Naval Academy and 

United States Naval Postgraduate School ................ 7081 

609. Professional Military Education Schools ....................... 7101 

PART IV—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 

631. Secretary of the Navy: Miscellaneous Powers and 

Duties ........................................................................... 7201 

633. Naval Vessels .................................................................. 7291 

[635. Repealed.] 

637. Salvage Facilities ............................................................ 7361 

639. United States Naval Observatory .................................. 7395 

641. Naval Petroleum Reserves ............................................. 7420 

643. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 7471 

645. Procurement of Supplies and Services .......................... 7521 

647. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 7541 

649. Quarters, Utilities, and Services ................................... 7571 

651. Ships’ Stores and Commissary Stores ........................... 7601 

653. Claims .............................................................................. 7621 

655. Prize ................................................................................. 7651 

657. Stay of Judicial Proceedings .......................................... 7721 

659. Naval Militia ................................................................... 7851 

661. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 7861 

663. Names and Insignia ........................................................ 7881 

665. National Oceanographic Partnership Program ............ 7901 

667. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 7911 
1837 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

501. Definitions ....................................................................... 5001 

503. Department of the Navy ................................................. 5011 

505. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations ........................ 5031 

506. Headquarters, Marine Corps ......................................... 5041 

507. Composition of the Department of the Navy ................ 5061 

[509. Repealed.] 

[511. Repealed.] 

513. Bureaus; Office of the Judge Advocate General ........... 5131 

[515. Repealed.] 

[516. Repealed.] 

[517. Repealed.] 

[519. Repealed.] 

1839 

CHAPTER 501—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

5001. Definitions. 

§ 5001. Definitions 

(a) In this subtitle: 

(1) The term ‘‘Navy’’ means the United States Navy. It includes the Regular Navy, the Fleet Reserve, and the Navy Reserve. 

(2) The term ‘‘Marine Corps’’ means the United States Marine Corps. It includes the Regular Marine Corps, the Fleet 

Marine Corps Reserve, and the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(3) The term ‘‘member of the naval service’’ means a person appointed or enlisted in, or inducted or conscripted into, 

the Navy or the Marine Corps. 

(4) The term ‘‘enlisted member’’ means a member of the 

naval service serving in an enlisted grade or rating. It excludes, unless otherwise specified, a member who holds a permanent enlisted grade and a temporary appointment in a commissioned or warrant officer grade. 

(5) The term ‘‘officer’’ means a member of the naval service 

serving in a commissioned or warrant officer grade. It includes, 

unless otherwise specified, a member who holds a permanent 

enlisted grade and a temporary appointment in a commissioned or warrant officer grade. 

(6) The term ‘‘commissioned officer’’ means a member of 

the naval service serving in a grade above warrant officer, W– 

1. It includes, unless otherwise specified, a member who holds 

a permanent enlisted grade or the permanent grade of warrant 

officer, W–1, and a temporary appointment in a grade above 

warrant officer, W–1. 

(7) The term ‘‘warrant officer’’ means a member of the 

naval service serving in a warrant officer grade. It includes, 

unless otherwise specified, a member who holds a permanent 

enlisted grade and a temporary appointment in a warrant officer grade. 

(8) The term ‘‘officer restricted in the performance of duty’’ 

means an officer of the Navy designated for engineering duty, 

aeronautical engineering duty, special duty, or limited duty, or 

an officer of the Marine Corps designated for limited duty. 

(b) For the purposes of this subtitle, a member of the naval 

service who holds a temporary appointment in a grade higher than 

his permanent grade is considered, unless otherwise specified, to be 

serving in the higher grade. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 276; Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(1), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 264; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 371, title V, Sec. 513(2), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903, 2931; Pub. 

L. 100–26, Sec. 7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(E), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
1840 

CHAPTER 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

Sec. 

5011. Organization. 

5012. Department of the Navy: seal. 

5013. Secretary of the Navy. 

5013a. Secretary of the Navy: powers with respect to Coast Guard. 

5014. Office of the Secretary of the Navy. 

5015. Under Secretary of the Navy. 

5016. Assistant Secretaries of the Navy. 

5017. Secretary of the Navy: successors to duties. 

5018. Administrative Assistant. 

5019. General Counsel. 

5020. Naval Inspector General: detail; duties. 

[5021. Repealed.] 

5022. Office of Naval Research: duties. 

5023. Office of Naval Research: appropriations; time limit. 

5024. Naval Research Advisory Committee. 

5025. Financial management. 

5026. Consultation with Commandant of the Marine Corps on major decisions 

directly concerning Marine Corps aviation. 

5027. Chief of Legislative Affairs. 

5028. Director of Small Business Programs. 

§ 5011. Organization 

The Department of the Navy is separately organized under the 

Secretary of the Navy. It operates under the authority, direction, 

and control of the Secretary of Defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 277; Pub. L. 87–651, title II, Sec. 212, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

524; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(b)(2), (c)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043.) 

§ 5012. Department of the Navy: seal 

The Secretary of the Navy shall have a seal for the Department of the Navy. The design of the seal must be approved by the 

President. Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043.) 

§ 5013. Secretary of the Navy 

(a)(1) There is a Secretary of the Navy, appointed from civilian 

life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate. The Secretary is the head of the Department of the Navy. 

(2) A person may not be appointed as Secretary of the Navy 

within five years after relief from active duty as a commissioned 

officer of a regular component of an armed force. 

(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense and subject to the provisions of chapter 6 of this 

title, the Secretary of the Navy is responsible for, and has the authority necessary to conduct, all affairs of the Department of the 

Navy, including the following functions: 

(1) Recruiting. 

(2) Organizing. 

(3) Supplying. 
1841 § 5013 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

(4) Equipping (including research and development). 

(5) Training. 

(6) Servicing. 

(7) Mobilizing. 

(8) Demobilizing. 

(9) Administering (including the morale and welfare of personnel). 

(10) Maintaining. 

(11) The construction, outfitting, and repair of military 

equipment. 

(12) The construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings, structures, and utilities and the acquisition of real property and interests in real property necessary to carry out the 

responsibilities specified in this section. 

(c) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy is also responsible to 

the Secretary of Defense for— 

(1) the functioning and efficiency of the Department of the 

Navy; 

(2) the formulation of policies and programs by the Department of the Navy that are fully consistent with national security objectives and policies established by the President or the 

Secretary of Defense; 

(3) the effective and timely implementation of policy, program, and budget decisions and instructions of the President 

or the Secretary of Defense relating to the functions of the Department of the Navy; 

(4) carrying out the functions of the Department of the 

Navy so as to fulfill the current and future operational requirements of the unified and specified combatant commands; 

(5) effective cooperation and coordination between the Department of the Navy and the other military departments and 

agencies of the Department of Defense to provide for more effective, efficient, and economical administration and to eliminate duplication; 

(6) the presentation and justification of the positions of the 

Department of the Navy on the plans, programs, and policies 

of the Department of Defense; and 

(7) the effective supervision and control of the intelligence 

activities of the Department of the Navy. 

(d) The Secretary of the Navy is also responsible for such other 

activities as may be prescribed by law or by the President or Secretary of Defense. 

(e) After first informing the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 

of the Navy may make such recommendations to Congress relating 

to the Department of Defense as he considers appropriate. 

(f) The Secretary of the Navy may assign such of his functions, 

powers, and duties as he considers appropriate to the Under Secretary of the Navy and to the Assistant Secretaries of the Navy. 

Officers of the Navy and the Marine Corps shall, as directed by the 

Secretary, report on any matter to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary. 

(g) The Secretary of the Navy may— 
§ 5013a CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 1842 

(1) assign, detail, and prescribe the duties of members of 

the Navy and Marine Corps and civilian personnel of the Department of the Navy; 

(2) change the title of any officer or activity of the Department of the Navy not prescribed by law; and 

(3) prescribe regulations to carry out his functions, powers, 

and duties under this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043; amended Pub. L. 

99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 534, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3873; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title 

IX, Sec. 901, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1558.) 

§ 5013a. Secretary of the Navy: powers with respect to Coast 

Guard 

(a) Whenever the Coast Guard operates as a service in the 

Navy under section 3 of title 14, the Secretary of the Navy has the 

same powers and duties with respect to the Coast Guard as the 

Secretary of Homeland Security has when the Coast Guard is not 

so operating. 

(b) While operating as a service in the Navy, the Coast Guard 

is subject to the orders of the Secretary of the Navy, who may order 

changes in Coast Guard operations to make them uniform, to the 

extent he considers advisable, with Navy operations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 279, Sec. 5032; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

513(3), 94 Stat. 2931; renumbered Sec. 5013a, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 

511(c)(3), 100 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2314.) 

§ 5014. Office of the Secretary of the Navy 

(a) There is in the Department of the Navy an Office of the 

Secretary of the Navy. The function of the Office is to assist the 

Secretary of the Navy in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Office of the Secretary of the Navy is composed of the 

following: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Navy. 

(3) The General Counsel of the Department of the Navy. 

(4) The Judge Advocate General of the Navy. 

(5) The Naval Inspector General. 

(6) The Chief of Legislative Affairs. 

(7) The Chief of Naval Research. 

(8) Such other offices and officials as may be established 

by law or as the Secretary of the Navy may establish or designate. 

(c)(1) The Office of the Secretary of the Navy shall have sole 

responsibility within the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the 

Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Headquarters, Marine Corps, for the following functions: 

(A) Acquisition. 

(B) Auditing. 

(C) Comptroller (including financial management). 

(D) Information management. 

(E) Inspector General. 

(F) Legislative affairs. 

(G) Public affairs. 
1843 § 5014 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

(2) The Secretary of the Navy shall establish or designate a 

single office or other entity within the Office of the Secretary of the 

Navy to conduct each function specified in paragraph (1). No office 

or other entity may be established or designated within the Office 

of the Chief of Naval Operations or the Headquarters, Marine 

Corps, to conduct any of the functions specified in paragraph (1). 

(3) The Secretary shall— 

(A) prescribe the relationship of each office or other entity 

established or designated under paragraph (2)— 

(i) to the Chief of Naval Operations and the Office of 

the Chief of Naval Operations; and 

(ii) to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the 

Headquarters, Marine Corps; and 

(B) ensure that each such office or entity provides the 

Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine 

Corps such staff support as each considers necessary to perform his duties and responsibilities. 

(4) The vesting in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy of the 

responsibility for the conduct of a function specified in paragraph 

(1) does not preclude other elements of the executive part of the 

Department of the Navy (including the Office of the Chief of Naval 

Operations and the Headquarters, Marine Corps) from providing 

advice or assistance to the Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine Corps or otherwise participating in that 

function within the executive part of the Department under the direction of the office assigned responsibility for that function in the 

Office of the Secretary of the Navy. 

(5)(A) The head of the office or other entity established or designated by the Secretary to conduct the auditing function shall 

have at least five years of professional experience in accounting or 

auditing. The position shall be considered to be a career reserved 

position as defined in section 3132(a)(8) of title 5. 

(B) The position of regional director within such office or entity, and any other position within such office or entity the primary 

responsibilities of which are to carry out supervisory functions, 

may not be held by a member of the armed forces on active duty. 

(d)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Office of the Secretary of 

the Navy shall have sole responsibility within the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and 

the Headquarters, Marine Corps, for the function of research and 

development. 

(2) The Secretary of the Navy may assign to the Office of the 

Chief of Naval Operations and the Headquarters, Marine Corps, responsibility for those aspects of the function of research and development relating to military requirements and test and evaluation. 

(3) The Secretary shall establish or designate a single office or 

other entity within the Office of the Secretary of the Navy to conduct the function specified in paragraph (1). 

(4) The Secretary shall— 

(A) prescribe the relationship of the office or other entity 

established or designated under paragraph (3)— 

(i) to the Chief of Naval Operations and the Office of 

the Chief of Naval Operations; and 
§ 5015 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 1844 

(ii) to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the 

Headquarters, Marine Corps; and 

(B) ensure that each such office or entity provides the 

Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine 

Corps such staff support as each considers necessary to perform his duties and responsibilities. 

(e) The Secretary of the Navy shall ensure that the Office of 

the Secretary of the Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Headquarters, Marine Corps, do not duplicate specific functions for which the Secretary has assigned responsibility 

to another of such offices. 

(f)(1) The total number of members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of the Navy assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, 

the Office of Chief of Naval Operations, and the Headquarters, Marine Corps, may not exceed 2,866. 

(2) Not more than 1,720 officers of the Navy and Marine Corps 

on the active-duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent 

duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the Office of the 

Chief of Naval Operations, and the Headquarters, Marine Corps. 

(3) The total number of general and flag officers assigned or 

detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the 

Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Headquarters, Marine Corps, may not exceed 74. 

(4) The limitations in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) do not apply 

in time of war or during a national emergency declared by the 

President or Congress. The limitation in paragraph (2) does not 

apply whenever the President determines that it is in the national 

interest to increase the number of officers assigned or detailed to 

permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, or the Headquarters, Marine 

Corps. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1045; amended Pub. L. 

100–180, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1314(b)(7), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1175; Pub. L. 100–456, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 325(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

652(a)(4), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(a)(28), Dec. 

28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(d)(2), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2532.) 

§ 5015. Under Secretary of the Navy 

(a) There is an Under Secretary of the Navy, appointed from 

civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent 

of the Senate. 

(b) The Under Secretary shall perform such duties and exercise 

such powers as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047.) 

§ 5016. Assistant Secretaries of the Navy 

(a) There are four Assistant Secretaries of the Navy. They 

shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with 

the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b)(1) The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such duties and 

exercise such powers as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. 

(2) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. He shall 
1845 § 5019 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

have as his principal duty the overall supervision of manpower and 

reserve component affairs of the Department of the Navy. 

(3) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Financial Management. The Assistant Secretary shall have as his principal responsibility the exercise of the 

comptroller functions of the Department of the Navy, including financial management functions. The Assistant Secretary shall be 

responsible for all financial management activities and operations 

of the Department of the Navy and shall advise the Secretary of 

the Navy on financial management. 

(4)(A) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant 

Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, and Acquisition. 

The principal duty of the Assistant Secretary shall be the overall 

supervision of research, development, and acquisition matters of 

the Department of the Navy. 

(B) The Assistant Secretary shall have a Principal Military 

Deputy, who shall be a vice admiral of the Navy or a lieutenant 

general of the Marine Corps on active duty. The Principal Military 

Deputy shall be appointed from among officers who have significant experience in the areas of acquisition and program management. The position of Principal Military Deputy shall be designated 

as a critical acquisition position under section 1733 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(b)((1)), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1994; Pub. L. 110–181, div. 

A, title IX, Sec. 908(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 278.) 

§ 5017. Secretary of the Navy: successors to duties 

If the Secretary of the Navy dies, resigns, is removed from office, is absent, or is disabled, the person who is highest on the following list, and who is not absent or disabled, shall perform the duties of the Secretary until the President, under section 3347 of title 

5, directs another person to perform those duties or until the absence or disability ceases: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, in the order prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy and approved by the Secretary of Defense. 

(3) The General Counsel of the Department of the Navy. 

(4) The Chief of Naval Operations. 

(5) The Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047; amended Pub. L. 

103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 902(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2823.) 

§ 5018. Administrative Assistant 

The Secretary of the Navy may appoint an Administrative Assistant in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. The Administrative Assistant shall perform such duties as the Secretary may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047.) 

§ 5019. General Counsel 

(a) There is a General Counsel of the Department of the Navy, 

appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
§ 5020 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 1846 

(b) The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the 

Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(c)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 703(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1996.) 

§ 5020. Naval Inspector General: detail; duties 

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy the Office of the Naval Inspector General. The Naval Inspector General 

shall be detailed from officers on the active-duty list in the line of 

the Navy serving in grades above captain. 

(b) The Naval Inspector General, when directed, shall inquire 

into and report upon any matter that affects the discipline or military efficiency of the Department of the Navy. He shall make such 

inspections, investigations, and reports as the Secretary of the 

Navy or the Chief of Naval Operations directs. 

(c) The Naval Inspector General shall cooperate fully with the 

Inspector General of the Department of Defense in connection with 

the performance of any duty or function by the Inspector General 

of the Department of Defense under the Inspector General Act of 

1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 3) regarding the Department of the Navy. 

(d) The Naval Inspector General shall periodically propose programs of inspections to the Secretary of the Navy and shall recommend additional inspections and investigations as may appear 

appropriate. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 283, Sec. 5088; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(7), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2911; renumbered Sec. 5020 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 

511(c)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1047.) 

[§ 5021. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IX, Sec. 

910(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1625] 

§ 5022. Office of Naval Research: duties 

(a)(1) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy an Office of Naval Research. 

(2) Unless appointed to higher grade under another provision 

of law, an officer, while serving in the Office of Naval Research as 

Chief of Naval Research, has the rank of rear admiral. 

(b) The Office of Naval Research shall perform such duties as 

the Secretary of the Navy prescribes relating to— 

(1) the encouragement, promotion, planning, initiation, 

and coordination of naval research; 

(2) the conduct of naval research in augmentation of and 

in conjunction with the research and development conducted 

by the bureaus and other agencies and offices of the Department of the Navy; 

(3) the supervision, administration, and control of activities within or for the Department relating to patents, inventions, trademarks, copyrights, and royalty payments, and matters connected therewith; and 

(4) the execution of, and management responsibility for, 

programs for which funds are provided in the basic and applied 

research and advanced technology categories of the Department of the Navy research, development, test, and evaluation 

budget in such a manner that will foster the transition of 
1847 § 5025 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

science and technology to higher levels of research, development, test and evaluation. 

(c) Sufficient information relative to estimates of appropriations for research by the several bureaus and offices shall be furnished to the Office of Naval Research to assist it in coordinating 

naval research and carrying out its other duties. 

(d) The Office of Naval Research shall perform its duties under 

the authority of the Secretary, and its orders are considered as 

coming from the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 291, Sec. 5151; renumbered Sec. 5022, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. 

L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(d), 100 Stat. 1048; amended Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, 

title IX, Sec. 910(b)(1), 104 Stat. 1625; Sept. 23, 1996, Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 

501(a), 110 Stat. 2510; Oct. 30, 2000, Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title IX, Sec. 904(b)], 114 

Stat. 1654, 1654A–225; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(f), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2533.) 

§ 5023. Office of Naval Research: appropriations; time limit 

(a) Sums appropriated for the Office of Naval Research may be 

used to pay the cost of performing its duties under section 5022 of 

this title including the cost of— 

(1) administration; 

(2) conduct of research and development work in Government facilities; and 

(3) conduct of research and development work under contracts with individuals, corporations, and educational or scientific institutions. 

(b) Sums appropriated for the purposes of this section, if obligated during the fiscal year for which appropriated, remain available for expenditure for four years after the end of that fiscal year. 

Any balance not spent after that four-year period shall be carried 

to the surplus fund and covered into the Treasury. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 291, Sec. 5152; renumbered Sec. 5023 and amended Pub. 

L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(d), 514(c)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1048, 1055.) 

§ 5024. Naval Research Advisory Committee 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may appoint a Naval Research 

Advisory Committee consisting of not more than 15 civilians preeminent in the fields of science, research, and development work. 

One member of the Committee must be from the field of medicine. 

Each member serves for such term as the Secretary specifies. 

(b) The Committee shall meet at such times as the Secretary 

specifies to consult with and advise the Chief of Naval Operations 

and the Chief of Naval Research. 

(c) No law imposing restrictions, requirements, or penalties in 

relation to the employment of persons, the performance of services, 

the payment or receipt of compensation in connection with any 

claim, proceeding, or matter involving the United States applies to 

members of the Committee solely by reason of their membership on 

the Committee. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 291, Sec. 5153; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 205, Oct. 14, 

1981, 95 Stat. 1007; renumbered Sec. 5024 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(d), 

514(d)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1048, 1055.) 

§ 5025. Financial management 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy shall provide that the Assistant 

Secretary of the Navy for Financial Management shall direct and 
§ 5025 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 1848 

manage financial management activities and operations of the Department of the Navy, including ensuring that financial management systems of the Department of the Navy comply with subsection (b). The authority of the Assistant Secretary for such direction and management shall include the authority to— 

(1) supervise and direct the preparation of budget estimates of the Department of the Navy and otherwise carry out, 

with respect to the Department of the Navy, the functions 

specified for the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) in 

section 135(c) of this title; 

(2) approve and supervise any project to design or enhance 

a financial management system for the Department of the 

Navy; and 

(3) approve the establishment and supervise the operation 

of any asset management system of the Department of the 

Navy, including— 

(A) systems for cash management, credit management, 

and debt collection; and 

(B) systems for the accounting for the quantity, location, and cost of property and inventory. 

(b)(1) Financial management systems of the Department of the 

Navy (including accounting systems, internal control systems, and 

financial reporting systems) shall be established and maintained in 

conformance with— 

(A) the accounting and financial reporting principles, 

standards, and requirements established by the Comptroller 

General under section 3511 of title 31; and 

(B) the internal control standards established by the 

Comptroller General under section 3512 of title 31. 

(2) Such systems shall provide for— 

(A) complete, reliable, consistent, and timely information 

which is prepared on a uniform basis and which is responsive 

to the financial information needs of department management; 

(B) the development and reporting of cost information; 

(C) the integration of accounting and budgeting information; and 

(D) the systematic measurement of performance. 

(c) The Assistant Secretary shall maintain a five-year plan describing the activities the Department of the Navy proposes to conduct over the next five fiscal years to improve financial management. Such plan shall be revised annually. 

(d) The Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Financial Management shall transmit to the Secretary of the Navy a report each 

year on the activities of the Assistant Secretary during the preceding year. Each such report shall include a description and analysis of the status of Department of the Navy financial management. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(b)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1994; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(a)(15), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2856; Pub. L. 104– 

106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512.) 
1849 § 5028 CH. 503—DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

§ 5026. Consultation with Commandant of the Marine Corps 

on major decisions directly concerning Marine 

Corps aviation 

The Secretary of the Navy shall ensure that the views of the 

Commandant of the Marine Corps are given appropriate consideration before a major decision is made by an element of the Department of the Navy outside the Marine Corps on a matter that directly concerns Marine Corps aviation. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IX, Sec. 935(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2109.) 

§ 5027. Chief of Legislative Affairs 

(a) There is a Chief of Legislative Affairs in the Department 

of the Navy. An officer assigned to that position shall be an officer 

in the grade of rear admiral. 

(b) The Chief of Legislative Affairs shall perform legislative affairs functions as specified for the Office of the Secretary of the 

Navy by section 5014(c)(1)(F) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(d)(1)(A), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2532.) 

§ 5028. Director of Small Business Programs 

(a) DIRECTOR.—There is a Director of Small Business Programs 

in the Department of the Navy. The Director is appointed by the 

Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS.—The Office of 

Small Business Programs of the Department of the Navy is the office that is established within the Department of the Navy under 

section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)). The Director of Small Business Programs is the head of such office. 

(c) DUTIES AND POWERS.—(1) The Director of Small Business 

Programs shall, subject to paragraph (2), perform such duties regarding small business programs of the Department of the Navy, 

and shall exercise such powers regarding those programs, as the 

Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. 

(2) Section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)), 

except for the designations of the Director and the Office, applies 

to the Director of Small Business Programs. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(d)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3401.) 
1850 

CHAPTER 505—OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL 

OPERATIONS 

Sec. 

5031. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: function; composition. 

5032. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: general duties. 

5033. Chief of Naval Operations. 

[5034. Repealed.] 

5035. Vice Chief of Naval Operations. 

5036. Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

5037. Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

5038. Director for Expeditionary Warfare. 

§ 5031. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: function; 

composition 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Navy an Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The function of 

the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations is to assist the Secretary of the Navy in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations is composed of 

the following: 

(1) The Chief of Naval Operations. 

(2) The Vice Chief of Naval Operations. 

(3) The Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

(4) The Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations. 

(5) The Surgeon General of the Navy. 

(6) The Chief of Naval Personnel. 

(7) The Chief of Chaplains of the Navy. 

(8) Other members of the Navy and Marine Corps assigned 

or detailed to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(9) Civilian employees in the Department of the Navy assigned or detailed to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(c) Except as otherwise specifically prescribed by law, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations shall be organized in such 

manner, and its members shall perform such duties and have such 

titles, as the Secretary may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1048.) 

§ 5032. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: general 

duties 

(a) The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations shall furnish 

professional assistance to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, and 

the Assistant Secretaries of the Navy and to the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(b) Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary 

of the Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations shall— 

(1) subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 5014 of this 

title, prepare for such employment of the Navy, and for such 
1851 § 5033 CH. 505—CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 

recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including those 

aspects of research and development assigned by the Secretary 

of the Navy), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Navy, as will assist in the 

execution of any power, duty, or function of the Secretary or 

the Chief of Naval Operations; 

(2) investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Navy 

and its preparation to support military operations by combatant commands; 

(3) prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and 

instructions; 

(4) as directed by the Secretary or the Chief of Naval Operations, coordinate the action of organizations of the Navy; 

and 

(5) perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by 

law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1049.) 

§ 5033. Chief of Naval Operations 

(a)(1) There is a Chief of Naval Operations, appointed by the 

President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The 

Chief of Naval Operations shall be appointed for a term of four 

years, from the flag officers of the Navy. He serves at the pleasure 

of the President. In time of war or during a national emergency declared by Congress, he may be reappointed for a term of not more 

than four years. 

(2) The President may appoint an officer as the Chief of Naval 

Operations only if— 

(A) the officer has had significant experience in joint duty 

assignments; and 

(B) such experience includes at least one full tour of duty 

in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(f) of this 

title) as a flag officer. 

(3) The President may waive paragraph (2) in the case of an 

officer if the President determines such action is necessary in the 

national interest. 

(b) The Chief of Naval Operations, while so serving, has the 

grade of admiral without vacating his permanent grade. In the performance of his duties within the Department of the Navy, the 

Chief of Naval Operations takes precedence above all other officers 

of the naval service. 

(c) Except as otherwise prescribed by law and subject to section 

5013(f) of this title, the Chief of Naval Operations performs his duties under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of 

the Navy and is directly responsible to the Secretary. 

(d) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Navy, the Chief of Naval Operations shall— 

(1) preside over the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; 

(2) transmit the plans and recommendations of the Office 

of the Chief of Naval Operations to the Secretary and advise 

the Secretary with regard to such plans and recommendations; 
[§ 5034 CH. 505—CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 1852 

(3) after approval of the plans or recommendations of the 

Office of the Chief of Naval Operations by the Secretary, act 

as the agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect; 

(4) exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members 

and organizations of the Navy and the Marine Corps as the 

Secretary determines; 

(5) perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of 

this title and other provisions of law; and 

(6) perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the 

Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Navy. 

(e)(1) The Chief of Naval Operations shall also perform the duties prescribed for him as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

under section 151 of this title. 

(2) To the extent that such action does not impair the independence of the Chief of Naval Operations in the performance of 

his duties as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of 

Naval Operations shall inform the Secretary regarding military advice rendered by members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters 

affecting the Department of the Navy. 

(3) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Chief of Naval Operations shall keep the 

Secretary of the Navy fully informed of significant military operations affecting the duties and responsibilities of the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1049; amended Pub. L. 100– 

456, div. A, title V, Sec. 519(a)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1972; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 501(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1456.) 

[§ 5034. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(c), 

Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 293] 

§ 5035. Vice Chief of Naval Operations 

(a) There is a Vice Chief of Naval Operations, appointed by the 

President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from 

officers on the active-duty list in the line of the Navy serving in 

grades above captain and eligible to command at sea. 

(b) The Vice Chief of Naval Operations, while so serving, has 

the grade of admiral without vacating his permanent grade. 

(c) The Vice Chief of Naval Operations has such authority and 

duties with respect to the Department of the Navy as the Chief of 

Naval Operations, with the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, 

may delegate to or prescribe for him. Orders issued by the Vice 

Chief of Naval Operations in performing such duties have the same 

effect as those issued by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(d) When there is a vacancy in the office of Chief of Naval Operations or during the absence or disability of the Chief of Naval 

Operations— 

(1) the Vice Chief of Naval Operations shall perform the 

duties of the Chief of Naval Operations until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases; or 

(2) if there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice Chief of 

Naval Operations or the Vice Chief of Naval Operations is absent or disabled, unless the President directs otherwise, the 
1853 § 5038 CH. 505—CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 

most senior officer of the Navy in the Office of the Chief of 

Naval Operations who is not absent or disabled and who is not 

restricted in performance of duty shall perform the duties of 

the Chief of Naval Operations until a successor to the Chief of 

Naval Operations or the Vice Chief of Naval Operations is appointed or until the absence or disability of the Chief of Naval 

Operations or Vice Chief of Naval Operations ceases, whichever occurs first. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1050.) 

§ 5036. Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations 

(a) There are Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations in the Office 

of the Chief of Naval Operations, detailed by the Secretary of the 

Navy from officers on the active-duty list of the Navy serving in 

grades above captain. The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe the 

number of Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations under this section 

and Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations under section 5037 of 

this title, for a total of not more than eight positions. 

(b) The Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations are charged, under 

the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations, with the execution 

of the functions of their respective divisions. Orders issued by the 

Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations in performing the duties assigned them are considered as coming from the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1051; amended Pub. L. 108– 

375, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1875; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title 

IX, Sec. 902(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 273.) 

§ 5037. Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations 

(a) There are Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, detailed by the Secretary of 

the Navy from officers on the active-duty list of the Navy and officers on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps. The Secretary of 

the Navy shall prescribe the number of Assistant Chiefs of Naval 

Operations in accordance with section 5036(a) of this title. 

(b) The Assistant Chiefs of Naval Operations shall perform 

such duties as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1051; amended Pub. L. 108– 

375, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1875; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title 

IX, Sec. 902(b)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 273.) 

§ 5038. Director for Expeditionary Warfare 

(a) One of the Directors within the office of the Deputy Chief 

of Naval Operations with responsibility for warfare requirements 

and programs shall be the Director for Expeditionary Warfare who 

shall be detailed from officers on the active-duty list of the Marine 

Corps. 

(b) An officer assigned to the position of Director for Expeditionary Warfare, while so serving, has the grade of major general. 

(c) The principal duty of the Director for Expeditionary Warfare shall be to supervise the performance of all staff responsibilities of the Chief of Naval Operations regarding expeditionary warfare, including responsibilities regarding amphibious lift, mine warfare, naval fire support, and other missions essential to supporting 

expeditionary warfare. 
§ 5038 CH. 505—CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 1854 

(d) The Chief of Naval Operations shall transfer duties, responsibilities, and staff from other personnel within the Office of the 

Chief of Naval Operations as necessary to fully support the Director for Expeditionary Warfare. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IX, Sec. 935(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2478; amended 

Pub. L. 103–35, title II, Sec. 201(c)(10), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 98; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, 

title IX, Sec. 944, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 107–107, title IX, Sec. 932, Dec. 28, 

2001, 115 Stat. 1200.) 
1855 

CHAPTER 506—HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS 

Sec. 

5041. Headquarters, Marine Corps: function; composition. 

5042. Headquarters, Marine Corps: general duties. 

5043. Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5044. Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5045. Deputy Commandants. 

5046. Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

5047. Legislative Assistant to the Commandant. 

§ 5041. Headquarters, Marine Corps: function; composition 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Navy a Headquarters, Marine Corps. The function of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, is to assist the Secretary of the Navy in 

carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Headquarters, Marine Corps, is composed of the following: 

(1) The Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

(2) The Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

(3) The Deputy Commandants. 

(4) Other members of the Navy and Marine Corps assigned 

or detailed to the Headquarters, Marine Corps. 

(5) Civilian employees in the Department of the Navy assigned or detailed to the Headquarters, Marine Corps. 

(c) Except as otherwise specifically prescribed by law, the 

Headquarters, Marine Corps, shall be organized in such manner, 

and its members shall perform such duties and have such titles, as 

the Secretary may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1052; amended Pub. L. 106– 

398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IX, Sec. 902(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–224.) 

§ 5042. Headquarters, Marine Corps: general duties 

(a) The Headquarters, Marine Corps, shall furnish professional 

assistance to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Assistant 

Secretaries of the Navy and to the Commandant of the Marine 

Corps. 

(b) Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary 

of the Navy, the Headquarters, Marine Corps, shall— 

(1) subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 5014 of this 

title, prepare for such employment of the Marine Corps, and 

for such recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including 

research and development), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Marine 

Corps, as will assist in the execution of any power, duty, or 

function of the Secretary or the Commandant; 

(2) investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Marine 

Corps and its preparation to support military operations by 

combatant commanders; 
§ 5043 CH. 506—HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS 1856 

(3) prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and 

instructions; 

(4) as directed by the Secretary or the Commandant, coordinate the action of organizations of the Marine Corps; and 

(5) perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by 

law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1052.) 

§ 5043. Commandant of the Marine Corps 

(a)(1) There is a Commandant of the Marine Corps, appointed 

by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

The Commandant shall be appointed for a term of four years from 

the general officers of the Marine Corps. He serves at the pleasure 

of the President. In time of war or during a national emergency declared by Congress, he may be reappointed for a term of not more 

than four years. 

(2) The President may appoint an officer as Commandant of 

the Marine Corps only if— 

(A) the officer has had significant experience in joint duty 

assignments; and 

(B) such experience includes at least one full tour of duty 

in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(f) of this 

title) as a general officer. 

(3) The President may waive paragraph (2) in the case of an 

officer if the President determines such action is necessary in the 

national interest. 

(b) The Commandant of the Marine Corps, while so serving, 

has the grade of general without vacating his permanent grade. 

[(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(c), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 293] 

(d) Except as otherwise prescribed by law and subject to section 5013(f) of this title, the Commandant performs his duties 

under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the 

Navy and is directly responsible to the Secretary. 

(e) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Navy, the Commandant shall— 

(1) preside over the Headquarters, Marine Corps; 

(2) transmit the plans and recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to such plans and recommendations; 

(3) after approval of the plans or recommendations of the 

Headquarters, Marine Corps, by the Secretary, act as the 

agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect; 

(4) exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members 

and organizations of the Marine Corps and the Navy as the 

Secretary determines; 

(5) perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of 

this title and other provisions of law; and 

(6) perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the 

Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Navy. 
1857 § 5045 CH. 506—HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS 

(f)(1) The Commandant shall also perform the duties prescribed for him as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under section 151 of this title. 

(2) To the extent that such action does not impair the independence of the Commandant in the performance of his duties as 

a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Commandant shall inform the Secretary regarding military advice rendered by members 

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters affecting the Department of 

the Navy. 

(3) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Commandant shall keep the Secretary of the 

Navy fully informed of significant military operations affecting the 

duties and responsibilities of the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1052; amended Pub. L. 100– 

456, div. A, title V, Sec. 519(a)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1972; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 505(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1358; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(c), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 293; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 

1456.) 

§ 5044. Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps 

(a) There is an Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, 

appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of 

the Senate, from officers on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps 

not restricted in the performance of duty. 

(b) The Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, while so 

serving, has the grade of general without vacating his permanent 

grade. 

(c) The Assistant Commandant has such authority and duties 

with respect to the Marine Corps as the Commandant, with the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, may delegate to or prescribe 

for him. Orders issued by the Assistant Commandant in performing 

such duties have the same effect as those issued by the Commandant. 

(d) When there is a vacancy in the office of Commandant of the 

Marine Corps, or during the absence or disability of the Commandant— 

(1) the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps shall 

perform the duties of the Commandant until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases; or 

(2) if there is a vacancy in the office of the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps or the Assistant Commandant is 

absent or disabled, unless the President directs otherwise, the 

most senior officer of the Marine Corps in the Headquarters, 

Marine Corps, who is not absent or disabled and who is not restricted in performance of duty shall perform the duties of the 

Commandant until a successor to the Commandant or the Assistant Commandant is appointed or until the absence or disability of the Commandant or Assistant Commandant ceases, 

whichever occurs first. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1054.) 

§ 5045. Deputy Commandants 

There are in the Headquarters, Marine Corps, not more than 

six Deputy Commandants, detailed by the Secretary of the Navy 

from officers on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps. 
§ 5046 CH. 506—HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS 1858 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1054; amended Pub. L. 106– 

398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title IX, Sec. 902(b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–224; Pub. L. 

107–314, div. A, title IX, Sec. 934, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2626.) 

§ 5046. Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps 

(a) An officer of the Marine Corps who is a judge advocate and 

a member of the bar of a Federal court or the highest court of a 

State or territory and who has had at least eight years of experience in legal duties as a commissioned officer may be detailed as 

Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps. The 

Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, 

while so serving, has the grade of major general. 

(b) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the Secretary of the Navy, in selecting an officer for recommendation to the President for appointment as the Staff Judge Advocate 

to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, shall ensure that the officer selected is recommended by a board of officers that, insofar as 

practicable, is subject to the procedures applicable to selection 

boards convened under chapter 36 of this title. 

(c) No officer or employee of the Department of Defense may 

interfere with— 

(1) the ability of the Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps to give independent legal advice 

to the Commandant of the Marine Corps; or 

(2) the ability of judge advocates of the Marine Corps assigned or attached to, or performing duty with, military units 

to give independent legal advice to commanders. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 509(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3868; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2751; Pub. L. 108–375, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 547(b)(2), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, 

Sec. 504(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4434.) 

§ 5047. Legislative Assistant to the Commandant 

There is in the Marine Corps a Legislative Assistant to the 

Commandant. An officer assigned to that position shall be in a 

grade above colonel. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(d)(3)(A), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2532.) 
1859 

CHAPTER 507—COMPOSITION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 

THE NAVY 

Sec. 

5061. Department of the Navy: composition. 

5062. United States Navy: composition; functions. 

5063. United States Marine Corps: composition; functions. 

§ 5061. Department of the Navy: composition 

The Department of the Navy is composed of the following: 

(1) The Office of the Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(3) The Headquarters, Marine Corps. 

(4) The entire operating forces, including naval aviation, of 

the Navy and of the Marine Corps, and the reserve components 

of those operating forces. 

(5) All field activities, headquarters, forces, bases, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision 

of the Secretary of the Navy. 

(6) The Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in 

the Navy. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(b)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043.) 

§ 5062. United States Navy: composition; functions 

(a) The Navy, within the Department of the Navy, includes, in 

general, naval combat and service forces and such aviation as may 

be organic therein. The Navy shall be organized, trained, and 

equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to 

operations at sea. It is responsible for the preparation of naval 

forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the 

Navy to meet the needs of war. 

(b) The naval combat forces of the Navy shall include not less 

than 11 operational aircraft carriers. For purposes of this subsection, an operational aircraft carrier includes an aircraft carrier 

that is temporarily unavailable for worldwide deployment due to 

routine or scheduled maintenance or repair. 

(c) All naval aviation shall be integrated with the naval service 

as part thereof within the Department of the Navy. Naval aviation 

consists of combat and service and training forces, and includes 

land-based naval aviation, air transport essential for naval operations, all air weapons and air techniques involved in the operations and activities of the Navy, and the entire remainder of the 

aeronautical organization of the Navy, together with the personnel 

necessary therefor. 

(d) The Navy shall develop aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, and equipment of naval combat and service 
§ 5063 CH. 507—COMPOSITION / DEPT. OF THE NAVY 1860 

elements. Matters of joint concern as to these functions shall be coordinated between the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 277, Sec. 5012; renumbered Sec. 5062 and amended Pub. 

L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 511(b)(3), (4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title 

I, Sec. 126(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3159; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1011(a), Oct. 

17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2374.) 

§ 5063. United States Marine Corps: composition; functions 

(a) The Marine Corps, within the Department of the Navy, 

shall be so organized as to include not less than three combat divisions and three air wings, and such other land combat, aviation, 

and other services as may be organic therein. The Marine Corps 

shall be organized, trained, and equipped to provide fleet marine 

forces of combined arms, together with supporting air components, 

for service with the fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced 

naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be 

essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. In addition, the 

Marine Corps shall provide detachments and organizations for 

service on armed vessels of the Navy, shall provide security detachments for the protection of naval property at naval stations and 

bases, and shall perform such other duties as the President may 

direct. However, these additional duties may not detract from or 

interfere with the operations for which the Marine Corps is primarily organized. 

(b) The Marine Corps shall develop, in coordination with the 

Army and the Air Force, those phases of amphibious operations 

that pertain to the tactics, technique, and equipment used by landing forces. 

(c) The Marine Corps is responsible, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of peacetime components of the Marine Corps to meet the needs of war. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 278, Sec. 5013; renumbered Sec. 5063, Pub. L. 99–433, title 

V, Sec. 511(b)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1043.) 
1861 

[CHAPTER 509—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5081 to 5087. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 512(a), 

Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1048] 

[§ 5088. Renumbered 5020] 

[CHAPTER 511—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5111, 5112. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 34(a), Nov. 2, 

1966, 80 Stat. 1119] 
1862 

CHAPTER 513—BUREAUS; OFFICE OF THE JUDGE 

ADVOCATE GENERAL 

Sec. 

5131. Bureaus: names; location. 

5132. Bureaus: distribution of business; orders; records; expenses. 

5133. Bureau Chiefs: rank; pay and allowances; retirement. 

[5134. Repealed.] 

5135. Bureau Chiefs: succession to duties. 

[5136. Repealed.] 

5137. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Chief; Deputy Chief. 

5138. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Dental Corps; Chief; functions. 

5139. Appointment of chiropractors in the Medical Service Corps. 

[5140. Repealed.] 

5141. Bureau of Naval Personnel: Chief of Naval Personnel; Deputy Chief of 

Naval Personnel. 

5142. Chaplain Corps and Chief of Chaplains. 

5142a. Deputy Chief of Chaplains. 

5143. Office of Navy Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

5144. Office of Marine Forces Reserve: appointment of Commander. 

[5145 to 5147. Repealed.] 

5148. Judge Advocate General’s Corps: Office of the Judge Advocate General; 

Judge Advocate General; appointment, term, emoluments, duties. 

5149. Office of the Judge Advocate General: Deputy Judge Advocate General; Assistant Judge Advocates General. 

5150. Staff Corps of the Navy. 

[5151 to 5153. Renumbered.] 

[5154. Repealed.] 

[5155. Renumbered.] 

§ 5131. Bureaus: names; location 

There are in the executive part of the Department of the Navy 

the following bureaus: 

(1) Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 

(2) Bureau of Naval Personnel. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 285; Pub. L. 86–174, Sec. 1(1), 2(1), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 

395; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 35(1), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120.) 

§ 5132. Bureaus: distribution of business; orders; records; 

expenses 

(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, the business of the executive part of the Department of the Navy shall be distributed 

among the bureaus as the Secretary of the Navy considers expedient and proper. 

(b) Each bureau shall perform its duties under the authority 

of the Secretary, and its orders are considered as coming from the 

Secretary. 

(c) Under the Secretary, each bureau has custody and charge 

of its records and accounts. 

(d) Each bureau shall furnish to the Secretary estimates for its 

specific, general, and contingent expenses. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 285.) 
1863 § 5137 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

§ 5133. Bureau Chiefs: rank; pay and allowances; retirement 

(a) Unless appointed to a higher grade under another provision 

of law, an officer of the Navy, while serving as a chief of bureau, 

has the rank of rear admiral. 

(b) Except for an officer who is serving or has served in the 

grade of vice admiral under section 5137(a) of this title, an officer 

who is retired while serving as a chief of bureau, or who, after 

serving at least two and one-half years as chief of bureau, is retired 

after completion of that service while serving in a lower rank or 

grade, may, in the discretion of the President, be retired with the 

grade of rear admiral, and with retired pay based on that grade. 

An officer who is serving or has served in the grade of vice admiral 

under section 5137(a) of this title may, upon retirement, be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, to the highest grade held by him while on the active list 

or active-duty list and with retired pay based on that grade. 

(c) Except in time of war, any officer of a staff corps who has 

served as a chief of bureau for a full term is exempt from sea duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 285; Pub. L. 86–174, Sec. 2(2), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 396; 

Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(15), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 3, Oct. 22, 1965, 

79 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 35(2)–(4), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 96–513, title 

V, Sec. 503(9), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2911; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b)(3), (5), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2751.) 

[§ 5134. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(16), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

§ 5135. Bureau Chiefs: succession to duties 

(a) When there is a vacancy in the office of chief of a bureau, 

or during the absence or disability of the chief of a bureau, the deputy chief of that bureau, unless otherwise directed by the President, shall perform the duties of the chief until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases. 

(b) When subsection (a) cannot be complied with because of the 

absence or disability of the deputy chief of the bureau, the heads 

of the major divisions of the bureau, in the order directed by the 

Secretary of the Navy, shall perform the duties of the chief, unless 

otherwise directed by the President. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 286.) 

[§ 5136. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–174, Sec. 2(3), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 

Stat. 396] 

§ 5137. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Chief; Deputy 

Chief 

(a) The Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery shall be 

appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of 

the Senate, for a term of four years, from officers on the active-duty 

list of the Navy in any corps of the Navy Medical Department. He 

has the title of Surgeon General. The Surgeon General, while so 

serving has the grade of vice admiral. 

(b) An officer on the active-duty list of the Navy who is qualified to be the Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery may 

be detailed as Deputy Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 
§ 5138 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 1864 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 286; Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 4, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1050; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(10), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2912; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 506(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 296.) 

§ 5138. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Dental Corps; 

Chief; functions 

(a) An officer of the Dental Corps not below the grade of rear 

admiral (lower half) shall be detailed as Chief of the Dental Corps. 

(b) The Chief of the Dental Corps is entitled to the same privileges of retirement as provided for chiefs of bureaus in section 5133 

of this title. 

(c) The dental functions of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 

shall be defined and prescribed by Bureau directives, and if necessary by regulations of the Secretary of the Navy, so that all such 

functions are under the direction of the Dental Corps. All matters 

relating to dentistry shall be referred to the Chief of the Dental 

Corps. 

(d) The Chief of the Dental Corps shall— 

(1) establish professional standards and policies for dental 

practice; 

(2) initiate and recommend action pertaining to complements, strength, appointments, advancement, training assignment, and transfer of dental personnel; and 

(3) serve as the advisor for the Bureau on all matters relating directly to dentistry. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 286; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(17), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

501; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 342, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2901; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, 

Sec. 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 514(b)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 593(a)–(d)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2234, 

2235.) 

§ 5139. Appointment of chiropractors in the Medical Service 

Corps 

Chiropractors who are qualified under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of the Navy may be appointed as commissioned 

officers in the Medical Service Corps of the Navy. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2404.) 

[§ 5140. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 352(a), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2902] 

§ 5141. Bureau of Naval Personnel: Chief of Naval Personnel; Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel 

(a) The Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel shall be known 

as the Chief of Naval Personnel. The Chief of Naval Personnel 

shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 

consent of the Senate, for a term of four years, from officers on the 

active-duty list in the line of the Navy not below the grade of commander. 

(b) The Deputy Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel shall 

be known as the Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel. An officer on 

the active-duty list in the line of the Navy not below the grade of 

commander may be detailed as Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 287; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(11), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2912.) 
1865 § 5143 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

§ 5142. Chaplain Corps and Chief of Chaplains 

(a) The Chaplain Corps is a staff corps of the Navy and shall 

be organized in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Navy the office of the Chief of Chaplains of the Navy. The Chief 

of Chaplains shall be appointed by the President, by and with the 

advice and consent of the Senate, from officers of the Chaplain 

Corps in the grade of commander or above who are serving on active duty and who have served on active duty in the Chaplain 

Corps for at least eight years. 

(c) An officer appointed as the Chief of Chaplains shall be appointed for a term of four years. However, the President may terminate or extend the appointment at any time. 

(d)(1) The Chief of Chaplains shall perform such duties as may 

be prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy and by law. 

(2) The Chief of Chaplains shall, with respect to all duties pertaining to the procurement, distribution, and support of personnel 

of the Chaplain Corps, report to and be supported by the Chief of 

Naval Personnel. 

(e) The Chief of Chaplains of the Navy is entitled to the same 

rank and privileges of retirement as provided for chiefs of bureaus 

in section 5133 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 11(a), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1130; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 504(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1725.) 

§ 5142a. Deputy Chief of Chaplains 

The Secretary of the Navy may detail as the Deputy Chief of 

Chaplains an officer of the Chaplain Corps in the grade of commander or above who is on active duty and who has served on active duty in the Chaplain Corps for at least eight years. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 11(a), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1130; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 504(c)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1725.) 

§ 5143. Office of Navy Reserve: appointment of Chief 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE: CHIEF OF NAVY RESERVE.— 

There is in the executive part of the Department of the Navy, on 

the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, an Office of the Navy 

Reserve, which is headed by a Chief of Navy Reserve. The Chief 

of Navy Reserve— 

(1) is the principal adviser on Navy Reserve matters to the 

Chief of Naval Operations; and 

(2) is the commander of the Navy Reserve Force. 

(b) APPOINTMENT.—(1) The President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Chief of Navy Reserve 

from flag officers of the Navy (as defined in section 5001(1)) who 

have had at least 10 years of commissioned service. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to 

the President for appointment as Chief of Navy Reserve unless the 

officer— 

(A) is recommended by the Secretary of the Navy; and 

(B) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 
§ 5144 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 1866 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience. 

(3) An officer on active duty for service as the Chief of Navy 

Reserve shall be counted for purposes of the grade limitations 

under sections 525 and 526 of this title. 

(4) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may 

waive subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Chief of Navy Reserve if the Secretary 

of the Navy requests the waiver and, in the judgment of the Secretary of Defense— 

(A) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and 

(B) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service. 

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. 

(c) TERM; REAPPOINTMENT; GRADE.—(1) The Chief of Navy Reserve is appointed for a term determined by the Chief of Naval Operations, normally four years, but may be removed for cause at any 

time. An officer serving as Chief of Navy Reserve may be reappointed for one additional term of up to four years. 

(2) The Chief of Navy Reserve, while so serving, holds the 

grade of vice admiral. 

(d) BUDGET.—The Chief of Navy Reserve is the official within 

the executive part of the Department of the Navy who, subject to 

the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Navy 

and the Chief of Naval Operations, is responsible for preparation, 

justification, and execution of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction budgets for the Navy Reserve. As such, the 

Chief of Navy Reserve is the director and functional manager of appropriations made for the Navy Reserve in those areas. 

(e) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Chief of Navy Reserve shall submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the Navy, 

an annual report on the state of the Navy Reserve and the ability 

of the Navy Reserve to meet its missions. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the Chief of Naval Operations and may 

be submitted in classified and unclassified versions. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit the annual report 

of the Chief of Navy Reserve under paragraph (1) to Congress, together with such comments on the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be transmitted at the same 

time each year that the annual report of the Secretary under section 113 of this title is submitted to Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1212(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2691; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 554(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 106–398, 

Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 507(b), title X, Sec. 1087(a)(18)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–103, 1654A–291; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2529; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 536(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(F), (2), (3)(A), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 5144. Office of Marine Forces Reserve: appointment of 

Commander 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE; COMMANDER, MARINE FORCES

RESERVE.—There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Navy an Office of the Marine Forces Reserve, which is headed by 

the Commander, Marine Forces Reserve. The Commander, Marine 

Forces Reserve, is the principal adviser to the Commandant on Marine Forces Reserve matters. 
1867 § 5144 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

(b) APPOINTMENT.—(1) The President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Commander, Marine 

Forces Reserve, from general officers of the Marine Corps (as defined in section 5001(2)) who have had at least 10 years of commissioned service. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to 

the President for appointment as Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, unless the officer— 

(A) is recommended by the Secretary of the Navy; and 

(B) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience. 

(3) An officer on active duty for service as the Commander, 

Marine Forces Reserve, shall be counted for purposes of the grade 

limitations under sections 525 and 526 of this title. 

(4) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may 

waive subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, if 

the Secretary of the Navy requests the waiver and, in the judgment 

of the Secretary of Defense— 

(A) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and 

(B) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service. 

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. 

(c) TERM; REAPPOINTMENT; GRADE.—(1) The Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, is appointed for a term determined by the 

Commandant of the Marine Corps, normally four years, but may be 

removed for cause at any time. An officer serving as Commander, 

Marine Forces Reserve, may be reappointed for one additional term 

of up to four years. 

(2) The Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, while so serving, 

has the grade of lieutenant general. 

(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, shall submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the Navy, an annual report on the state of the Marine 

Corps Reserve and the ability of the Marine Corps Reserve to meet 

its missions. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the 

Commandant of the Marine Corps and may be submitted in classified and unclassified versions. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit the annual report 

of the Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, under paragraph (1) to 

Congress, together with such comments on the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be transmitted at the 

same time each year that the annual report of the Secretary under 

section 113 of this title is submitted to Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, 1212(c)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 106– 

65, div. A, title V, Sec. 554(d), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title 

V, Sec. 507(c), title X, Sec. 1087(a)(19)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–103, 1654A–291; 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–375, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 536(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1901.) 
[§ 5145 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 1868 

[§§ 5145 to 5147. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 35(5), Nov. 2, 

1966, 80 Stat. 1120] 

§ 5148. Judge Advocate General’s Corps: Office of the Judge 

Advocate General; Judge Advocate General; appointment, term, emoluments, duties 

(a) The Judge Advocate General’s Corps is a Staff Corps of the 

Navy, and shall be organized in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) There is in the executive part of the Department of the 

Navy the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. The 

Judge Advocate General shall be appointed by the President, by 

and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of four 

years. He shall be appointed from judge advocates of the Navy or 

the Marine Corps who are members of the bar of a Federal court 

or the highest court of a State and who have had at least eight 

years of experience in legal duties as commissioned officers. The 

Judge Advocate General, while so serving, has the grade of vice admiral or lieutenant general, as appropriate. 

(c) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the Secretary of the Navy, in selecting an officer for recommendation to the President for appointment as the Judge Advocate General, shall ensure that the officer selected is recommended by a 

board of officers that, insofar as practicable, is subject to the procedures applicable to selection boards convened under chapter 36 of 

this title. 

(d) The Judge Advocate General of the Navy, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy, shall— 

(1) perform duties relating to legal matters arising in the 

Department of the Navy as may be assigned to him; 

(2) perform the functions and duties and exercise the powers prescribed for the Judge Advocate General in chapter 47 of 

this title; 

(3) receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings of 

boards for the examination of officers of the naval service for 

promotion and retirement; and 

(4) perform such other duties as may be assigned to him. 

(e) No officer or employee of the Department of Defense may 

interfere with— 

(1) the ability of the Judge Advocate General to give independent legal advice to the Secretary of the Navy or the Chief 

of Naval Operations; or 

(2) the ability of judge advocates of the Navy assigned or 

attached to, or performing duty with, military units to give 

independent legal advice to commanders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 289; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(20), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

501; Pub. L. 90–179, Sec. 2(1), Dec. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 546; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 343, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2901; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2750; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 574(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1922; Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(b), title X, Sec. 1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3229, 

3440; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 115.) 
1869 § 5149 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

§ 5149. Office of the Judge Advocate General: Deputy Judge 

Advocate General; Assistant Judge Advocates General 

(a)(1) There is a Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy 

who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among judge advocates of the Navy and 

Marine Corps who have the qualifications prescribed for the Judge 

Advocate General. If an officer appointed as the Deputy Judge Advocate General holds a lower regular grade, the officer shall be appointed in the regular grade of rear admiral or major general, as 

appropriate. 

(2) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the Secretary of the Navy, in selecting an officer for recommendation to the President for appointment as the Deputy Judge Advocate General, shall ensure that the officer selected is recommended 

by a board of officers that, insofar as practicable, is subject to the 

procedures applicable to selection boards convened under chapter 

36 of this title. 

(b) An officer of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps who has 

the qualifications prescribed for the Judge Advocate General in section 5148(b) of this title may be detailed as Assistant Judge Advocate General of the Navy. While so serving, a judge advocate who 

holds a grade lower than rear admiral (lower half) shall hold the 

grade of rear admiral (lower half), if he is appointed to that grade 

by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

An officer who is retired while serving as Assistant Judge Advocate 

General of the Navy under this subsection or who, after serving at 

least twelve months as Assistant Judge Advocate General of the 

Navy, is retired after completion of that service while serving in a 

lower rank or grade, may, in the discretion of the President, be retired with the rank and grade of rear admiral (lower half). If he 

is retired as a rear admiral (lower half), he is entitled to the retired 

pay of that grade, unless entitled to higher pay under another provision of law. 

(c) A judge advocate of the Marine Corps who has the qualifications prescribed for the Judge Advocate General in section 5148(b) 

of this title may be detailed as Assistant Judge Advocate General 

of the Navy. While so serving, a judge advocate who holds a grade 

lower than brigadier general shall hold the grade of brigadier general, if he is appointed to that grade by the President, by and with 

the advice and consent of the Senate. An officer who is retired 

while serving as Assistant Judge Advocate General of the Navy 

under this subsection or who, after serving at least twelve months 

as Assistant Judge Advocate General of the Navy, is retired after 

completion of that service while serving in a lower rank or grade, 

may, in the discretion of the President, be retired with the rank 

and grade of brigadier general. If he is retired as a brigadier general, he is entitled to the retired pay of that grade, unless entitled 

to higher pay under another provision of law. 

(d) When there is a vacancy in the Office of the Judge Advocate General, or during the absence or disability of the Judge Advocate General, the Deputy Judge Advocate General shall perform 
§ 5150 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 1870 

the duties of the Judge Advocate General until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases. 

(e) When subsection (d) cannot be complied with because of the 

absence or disability of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, the 

Assistant Judge Advocates General, in the order directed by the 

Secretary of the Navy, shall perform the duties of the Judge Advocate General. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 290; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(28), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1566; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(21), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 36, Nov. 

2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 90–179, Sec. 2(2), Dec. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 546; Pub. L. 90–623, 

Sec. 2(9), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(13), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2912; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, Sec. 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 99–145, 

title V, Sec. 514(b)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(b), 

Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3867; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2751.) 

§ 5150. Staff corps of the Navy 

(a) The staff corps of the Navy are— 

(1) the Medical Corps; 

(2) the Dental Corps; 

(3) the Judge Advocate General’s Corps; 

(4) the Chaplain Corps; and 

(5) such other staff corps as may be established by the Secretary of the Navy under subsection (b). 

(b)(1) The Secretary of the Navy may establish staff corps of 

the Navy in addition to the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the 

Judge Advocate General’s Corps, and the Chaplain Corps. The Secretary may designate commissioned officers in, and may assign 

members to, any such staff corps. 

(2) Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of the Navy may 

provide for the appointment of the chief of any staff corps established under this subsection. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy, whenever the needs of the service require, may convene a selection board under section 611(a) of 

this title to select an officer in the Nurse Corps or in the Medical 

Service Corps (if such corps has been established under subsection 

(a)) for promotion to the grade of rear admiral, in the case of an 

officer in the Nurse Corps, or rear admiral (lower half), in the case 

of an officer in the Medical Service Corps. An officer promoted pursuant to such a selection shall be appointed by the Secretary to the 

position of Director of the Nurse Corps or Director of the Medical 

Service Corps, respectively, for a term of four years, to serve at the 

pleasure of the Secretary. For the purpose of computing the total 

number of flag officers in the staff corps of the Navy under section 

526 of this title, an officer so appointed shall be considered an additional number in grade. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 351, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2902, Sec. 5155; amended Pub. 

L. 97–22, Sec. 6(a), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 129; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, Sec. 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 

1981, 95 Stat. 1105; renumbered Sec. 5150, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 514(a)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 

100 Stat. 1054; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1343(a)(23), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3994; 

Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 3(7), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1061(a)(22)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1473; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(a)(2), Dec. 

2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2531.) 
1871 [§ 5155 CH. 513—BUREAUS; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

[§ 5151. Renumbered 5022] 

[§ 5152. Renumbered 5023] 

[§ 5153. Renumbered 5024] 

[§ 5154. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 35(5), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 

Stat. 1120] 

[§ 5155. Renumbered 5150] 
1872 

[CHAPTER 515—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5201 to 5204. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 513(a), 

Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1051] 

[§ 5205. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(3), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 

Stat. 264] 

[§ 5206. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 344(b), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2901] 

[CHAPTER 516—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5221, 5222. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–82, title VI, Sec. 611(a), 

Aug. 1, 1977, 91 Stat. 378] 

[CHAPTER 517—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5231 to 5234. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 331, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2896] 

[CHAPTER 519—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5251, 5252. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1661(a)(3)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980] 
1873 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

Chapter Sec. 

[531. Repealed.] 

533. Distribution in Grade ..................................................... 5441 

535. Grade and Rank of Officers ........................................... 5501 

537. Enlistments ..................................................................... 5531 

539. Original Appointments ................................................... 5571 

[541. Repealed.] 

[543. Repealed.] 

544. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 5721 

[545. Repealed.] 

[547. Repealed.] 

[549. Repealed.] 

551. Officers in Command ...................................................... 5941 

553. Special Assignments and Details .................................. 5981 

555. Administration ................................................................ 6011 

557. Rations ............................................................................. 6081 

559. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 6111 

561. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 6141 

563. Hospitalization and Medical Care ................................. 6201 

565. Bands ............................................................................... 6221 

567. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 6241 

569. Discharge of Enlisted Members ..................................... 6291 

571. Voluntary Retirement ..................................................... 6321 

573. Involuntary Retirement, Separation, and Furlough .... 6371 

575. Recall to Active Duty ...................................................... 6481 

577. Death Benefits; Care of the Dead .................................. 6521 

1875 

[CHAPTER 531—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5401 to 5409. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 

311(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2889] 

[§§ 5410, 5411. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(16), Nov. 8, 

1967, 81 Stat. 376] 

[§ 5412. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 311(a), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2889] 

[§§ 5413, 5414. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§§ 5415 to 5417. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 

311(a), 312, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2889] 

CHAPTER 533—DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE 

Sec. 

5441. Prescribed number; vacancies. 

[5442 to 5449. Repealed.] 

5450. Regular Navy: retired flag officers on active duty. 

5451. Suspension: preceding sections. 

[5452 to 5458. Repealed.] 

§ 5441. Prescribed number; vacancies 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘prescribed number’’ or ‘‘number . . . 

prescribed’’ as applied to a grade, means the number of officers of 

a described corps, designation, or other category that shall be 

maintained in the grade concerned. Except as otherwise specifically 

provided, the actual number of officers in a grade may not exceed 

the prescribed number. Vacancies occur whenever, and to the extent that, the actual number falls below the prescribed number. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 299; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 313(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2889; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(e)(8), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1605.) 

[§§ 5442 to 5444. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, 

Sec. 403(b)(2)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1545] 

[§ 5445. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 313(d)(1), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

[§ 5446. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, Sec. 

403(b)(2)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1545] 

[§§ 5447 to 5449. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 

313(d)(2)–(4), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 
§ 5450 CH. 533—DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE 1876 

§ 5450. Regular Navy: retired flag officers on active duty 

Except in time of war or national emergency, not more than 

ten retired flag officers of the Regular Navy may be on active duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 312; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(21), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2912.) 

§ 5451. Suspension: preceding sections 

The President, during a war or national emergency, may suspend any provision of the preceding sections of this chapter. Such 

a suspension may not continue beyond September 30 of the fiscal 

year following that in which the war or national emergency ends. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 312; Pub. L. 94–273, Sec. 2(3), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 375; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(22), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2913; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1061(a)(21), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1473.) 

[§ 5452. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(b), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

[§ 5453. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(17)(F), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 377] 

[§ 5454. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§ 5455. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 10(b)(6)(A), July 10, 

1981, 95 Stat. 137] 

[§§ 5456 to 5458. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 
1877 

CHAPTER 535—GRADE AND RANK OF OFFICERS 

Sec. 

5501. Navy: grades above chief warrant officer, W–5. 

5502. Marine Corps: grades above chief warrant officer, W–5. 

5503. Navy and Marine Corps: warrant officer grades. 

[5504 to 5507. Repealed.] 

5508. Rank of line and staff corps officers of the Navy and officers of the Marine 

Corps. 

§ 5501. Navy: grades above chief warrant officer, W–5 

The commissioned grades in the Navy above the grade of chief 

warrant officer, W–5, are the following: 

(1) Admiral. 

(2) Vice admiral. 

(3) Rear admiral. 

(4) Rear admiral (lower half). 

(5) Captain. 

(6) Commander. 

(7) Lieutenant commander. 

(8) Lieutenant. 

(9) Lieutenant (junior grade). 

(10) Ensign. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 314; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 301, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2887; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, Sec. 405(a), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 99–145, 

title V, Sec. 514(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 

1131(8)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1506.) 

§ 5502. Marine Corps: grades above chief warrant officer, 

W–5 

The commissioned grades in the Marine Corps above the grade 

of chief warrant officer, W–5, are: 

(1) General. 

(2) Lieutenant general. 

(3) Major general. 

(4) Brigadier general. 

(5) Colonel. 

(6) Lieutenant colonel. 

(7) Major. 

(8) Captain. 

(9) First lieutenant. 

(10) Second lieutenant. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 314; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1131(8)(A), Dec. 

5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1506.) 

§ 5503. Navy and Marine Corps: warrant officer grades 

The warrant officer grades in the Navy and the Marine Corps 

are: 

(1) Chief warrant officer, W–5. 

(2) Chief warrant officer, W–4. 
[§ 5504 CH. 535—GRADE AND RANK OF OFFICERS 1878 

(3) Chief warrant officer, W–3. 

(4) Chief warrant officer, W–2. 

(5) Warrant officer, W–1. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 314; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1131(9), Dec. 5, 

1991, 105 Stat. 1506.) 

[§§ 5504, 5505. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 314, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

[§ 5506. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1673(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3016] 

[§ 5507. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(26), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

§ 5508. Rank of line and staff corps officers of the Navy and 

officers of the Marine Corps 

Except for an officer entitled to a rank higher than his grade, 

line and staff corps officers of the Navy serving in the same grade 

and officers of the Marine Corps serving in the corresponding grade 

rank among themselves according to their respective dates of rank 

in grade whether or not they are on an active-duty list. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 317; Pub. L. 90–179, Sec. 4, Dec. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 547; Pub. 

L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(27), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2913.) 
1879 

CHAPTER 537—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

[5531 to 5539. Repealed.] 

5540. Expiration: rights of member. 

[§§ 5531 to 5535. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a)(3), (b), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756] 

[§ 5536. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(13), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§§ 5537 to 5539. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a)(3), Jan. 

2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756] 

§ 5540. Expiration: rights of member 

(a) The senior officer present afloat in foreign waters shall 

send to the United States by Government or other transportation 

as soon as possible each enlisted member of the naval service who 

is serving on a naval vessel, whose term of enlistment has expired, 

and who desires to return to the United States. However, when the 

senior officer present afloat considers it essential to the public interest, he may retain such a member on active duty until the vessel 

returns to the United States. 

(b) Each member retained under this section— 

(1) shall be discharged not later than 30 days after his arrival in the United States; and 

(2) except in time of war is entitled to an increase in basic 

pay of 25 percent. 

(c) The substance of this section shall be included in the enlistment contract of each person enlisting in the naval service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 320.) 
1880 

CHAPTER 539—ORIGINAL APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[5571 to 5581. Repealed.] 

5582. Regular Navy: transfers, line and staff corps. 

[5583, 5584. Repealed.] 

5585. Regular Marine Corps: order of filling vacancies in grade of second lieutenant. 

[5586. Repealed.] 

5587. Regular Navy: officers designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, and special duty. 

5587a. Regular Marine Corps: judge advocates. 

[5588. Repealed.] 

5589. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps: officers designated for limited 

duty. 

[5590 to 5595. Repealed.] 

5596. Navy and Marine Corps: temporary appointments of officers designated for 

limited duty. 

[5597 to 5601. Repealed.] 

[§§ 5571, 5572. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 321, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

[§ 5573. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 322, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

[§§ 5573a to 5580. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 321, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

[§ 5581. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(c), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

§ 5582. Regular Navy: transfers, line and staff corps 

(a) A regular officer of the Navy in a staff corps in a grade not 

above lieutenant commander may be appointed in the line of the 

Navy to the same grade. 

(b) A regular officer in the line of the Navy in a grade not 

above lieutenant commander may be appointed to the same grade 

in a staff corps under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of 

Defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 324; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(d), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2903.) 

[§§ 5583, 5584. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 321, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

§ 5585. Regular Marine Corps: order of filling vacancies in 

grade of second lieutenant 

Vacancies on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps in the 

grade of second lieutenant shall be filled, so far as practicable, 

first, from members of the graduating class of the Naval Academy; 

second, from meritorious noncommissioned officers of the Regular 

Marine Corps; and third, from other persons. 
1881 § 5589 CH. 539—ORIGINAL APPOINTMENTS 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 324; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(29), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2913.) 

[§ 5586. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 321, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2892] 

§ 5587. Regular Navy: officers designated for engineering 

duty, aeronautical engineering duty, and special 

duty 

(a) Persons may be originally appointed in the line of the Navy 

as regular officers designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, or special duty. 

(b) With the approval of the Secretary, a regular officer in the 

line of the Navy may, upon his application, be designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, or special duty. 

(c) The types of engineering duty for which officers may be designated include ship engineering and ordnance engineering. The 

types of aeronautical engineering duty for which officers may be 

designated include aeronautical engineering and aviation maintenance. The types of special duty for which officers may be designated include communications, law, naval intelligence, photography, public affairs, psychology, geophysics, cryptography, and hydrography. 

(d) Officers designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, or special duty shall perform sea or shore duty appropriate to their special qualifications but may not succeed to command except on shore and then only as authorized by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 325; Pub. L. 90–179, Sec. 5(2), Dec. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 547; 

Pub. L. 90–386, Sec. 1(5), July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 293; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 324, Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2893.) 

§ 5587a. Regular Marine Corps: judge advocates 

With the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, any regular officer on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps who is qualified 

under section 827(b) of this title may, upon his application, be designated as a judge advocate. 

(Added Pub. L. 90–179, Sec. 5(3), Dec. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 548; amended Pub. L. 96–513, title V, 

Sec. 503(30), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2913.) 

[§ 5588. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(8), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 

Stat. 265] 

§ 5589. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps: officers 

designated for limited duty 

(a) Original appointments as regular officers of the Navy in a 

grade below lieutenant commander in the line and in staff corps established by the Secretary of the Navy under section 5150(b) of this 

title and designated by the Secretary for the purposes of this section may be made from— 

(1) warrant officers; 

(2) chief petty officers; and 

(3) first-class petty officers; 

in the Regular Navy, for the performance of duty in the technical 

fields indicated by their warrants or ratings. 
[§ 5590 CH. 539—ORIGINAL APPOINTMENTS 1882 

(b) Original appointments as regular officers of the Marine 

Corps in a grade below major may be made from— 

(1) warrant officers; 

(2) master sergeants; and 

(3) technical sergeants; 

in the Regular Marine Corps, for the performance of duty in the 

technical fields in which they are proficient. 

(c)(1) An officer described in paragraph (2) may be given an 

original appointment as a regular officer of the Navy or the Marine 

Corps, as the case may be, in the grade, and with the date of rank 

in that grade, in which the officer is serving on the day before such 

original appointment. 

(2) This subsection applies to an officer of the Navy and Marine Corps who— 

(A) is on the active-duty list; 

(B) holds a permanent enlisted or warrant officer grade; 

(C) is designated for limited duty under subsection (a) of 

section 5596 of this title; and 

(D) is serving in the grade of lieutenant commander or 

commander, or in the grade of major or lieutenant colonel, 

under a temporary appointment under subsection (d) of section 

5596 of this title. 

(d) To be eligible for an appointment under this section a member must have the qualifications specified in section 532(a) of this 

title and have completed at least 10 years of active naval service, 

excluding active duty for training in a reserve component. 

(e) Each officer appointed under this section is known as an officer designated for limited duty. He may not suffer any reduction 

in the pay and allowances to which he was entitled at the time of 

his appointment because of his former permanent status. 

(f) Any officer designated for limited duty, upon his application 

and upon determination by the Secretary of the Navy that he is 

qualified, may— 

(1) if he is in the line of the Navy, be designated for engineering duty, aeronautical engineering duty, or special duty, or 

be assigned to unrestricted performance of duty; 

(2) if he is in a staff corps of the Navy, be assigned to unrestricted performance of duty in that corps; or 

(3) if he is in the Marine Corps, be assigned to unrestricted performance of duty. 

When an officer is so designated or assigned, his status as an officer designated for limited duty terminates. 

(g) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the appointment, designation, and assignment of officers under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 326; Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(10), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 265; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 325, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2893; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 

514(c)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 502, Oct. 5, 1994, 

108 Stat. 2748.) 

[§ 5590. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(e), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

[§§ 5591 to 5595. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 323, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2893] 
1883 [§ 5601 CH. 539—ORIGINAL APPOINTMENTS 

§ 5596. Navy and Marine Corps: temporary appointments of 

officers designated for limited duty 

(a) Under such regulations as he may prescribe, the Secretary 

of the Navy may make temporary appointments of officers designated for limited duty in the Regular Navy in grades not above 

lieutenant and in the Regular Marine Corps in grades not above 

captain from sources authorized under section 5589 of this title. 

Such appointments shall be made by warrant if in the grade of 

warrant officer, W–1, and by commission if in a higher grade. 

(b) Temporary appointments under this section do not change 

the permanent, probationary, or acting status of members so appointed, prejudice them in regard to promotion or appointment, or 

abridge their rights or benefits. A person receiving a temporary appointment under this section may not suffer any reduction in the 

pay and allowances to which he was entitled because of his permanent status at the time of his temporary appointment, or any reduction in the pay and allowances to which he was entitled under 

a prior temporary appointment in a lower grade. 

(c) The following members of the naval service are ineligible for 

temporary appointments under this section: 

(1) Retired members. 

(2) Members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps 

Reserve ordered to active duty for training. 

(3) Members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps 

Reserve ordered to active duty in connection with organizing, 

administering, recruiting, instructing, training, or drilling the 

Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(4) Members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps 

Reserve ordered to temporary active duty to prosecute special 

work. 

(d) Officers designated for limited duty under subsection (a) 

may be temporarily appointed by the Secretary of the Navy in a 

higher grade not above commander in the Regular Navy or lieutenant colonel in the Regular Marine Corps under such regulations as 

the Secretary may prescribe. Regulations prescribed under this section shall to the greatest extent practicable conform to the procedures prescribed in chapter 36 of this title for selection for promotion and promotion to higher permanent grades. 

(e) The Secretary of the Navy may terminate any appointment 

made under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 328; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 326, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2894; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1113(c), (d)(2)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1502; 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(G), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

[§§ 5597 to 5599. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 327, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2894] 

[§ 5600. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1501(c)(26), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 499] 

[§ 5601. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–609, Sec. 1(10), Sept. 30, 1966, 

80 Stat. 853] 
1884 

[CHAPTER 541—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5651 to 5664. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 332, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[§ 5665. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 5666. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 332, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[CHAPTER 543—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5701 to 5711. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

CHAPTER 544—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

5721. Temporary promotions of certain Navy lieutenants. 

§ 5721. Temporary promotions of certain Navy lieutenants 

(a) PROMOTION AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN OFFICERS WITH CRITICAL SKILLS.—An officer in the line of the Navy in the grade of 

lieutenant who— 

(1) has a skill in which the Navy has a critical shortage 

of personnel (as determined by the Secretary of the Navy); and 

(2) is serving in a position (as determined by the Secretary 

of the Navy) which (A) is designated to be held by a lieutenant 

commander, and (B) requires that an officer serving in such position have the skill possessed by such officer, 

may be temporarily promoted to the grade of lieutenant commander under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Navy. Appointments under this section shall be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b) STATUS OF OFFICERS APPOINTED.—(1) An appointment 

under this section does not change the position on the active-duty 

list or the permanent, probationary, or acting status of the officer 

so appointed, prejudice the officer in regard to other promotions or 

appointments, or abridge the rights or benefits of the officer. 

(2) For the purposes of section 523 of this title, an officer holding an appointment under this section is considered as serving in 

the grade of lieutenant commander. 

(c) BOARD RECOMMENDATION REQUIRED.—A temporary promotion under this section may be made only upon the recommenda-
1885 § 5721 CH. 544—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

tion of a board of officers convened by the Secretary of the Navy 

for the purpose of recommending officers for such promotions. 

(d) ACCEPTANCE AND EFFECTIVE DATE OF APPOINTMENT.—Each 

appointment under this section, unless expressly declined, is, without formal acceptance, regarded as accepted on the date such appointment is made, and a member so appointed is entitled to the 

pay and allowances of the grade of lieutenant commander from the 

date the appointment is made. 

(e) TERMINATION OF APPOINTMENT.—Unless sooner terminated, 

an appointment under this section terminates— 

(1) on the date the officer who received the appointment is 

promoted to the permanent grade of lieutenant commander; or 

(2) on the date the officer is detached from a position described in subsection (a)(2), unless the officer is on a promotion 

list to the permanent grade of lieutenant commander, in which 

case the appointment terminates on the date the officer is promoted to that grade. 

(f) LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE POSITIONS.—An appointment under this section may only be made for service in a position designated by the Secretary of the Navy for purposes of this 

section. The number of positions so designated may not exceed 325. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 334, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897; amended Pub. L. 98– 

94, title IV, Sec. 403, Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 514, Oct. 19, 

1984, 98 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 503, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3864; 

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1085; Pub. L. 101–189, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 512(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1439; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 507, 

Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2405; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 

Stat. 1647; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a), (b), (d), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 296, 

297; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 503, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2511; Pub. L. 107–314, 

div. A, title X, Sec. 1041(a)(20), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2645.) 
1886 

[CHAPTER 545—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5751 to 5758. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[§ 5759. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(17), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 

Stat. 266] 

[§§ 5760 to 5773. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[§ 5774. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(19)(T), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 379] 

[§ 5775. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(293), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

[§§ 5776 to 5793. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[CHAPTER 547—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5861, 5862. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[§ 5863. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(14), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§§ 5864, 5865. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[§ 5866. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(15), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§ 5867. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 333, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2897] 

[CHAPTER 549—REPEALED] 

[§§ 5891 to 5906. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 5907. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(33), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

[§§ 5908 to 5912. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
1887 

CHAPTER 551—OFFICERS IN COMMAND 

Sec. 

[5941. Repealed.] 

5942. Aviation commands: eligibility. 

5943. Naval shipyards. 

5944. Marine Corps officers: limitation on power to command. 

5945. Staff corps officers: limitation on power to command. 

5946. Precedence accorded commanding officers. 

5947. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

5948. Consular powers: senior officer present afloat. 

5949. Policy as to leave and liberty. 

[5950. Repealed.] 

5951. Continuation of authority after loss of vessel or aircraft. 

5952. Marine Corps organizations on vessels: authority of officers. 

[5953 to 5955. Repealed.] 

[§ 5941. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 761] 

§ 5942. Aviation commands: eligibility 

(a) To be eligible to command an aircraft carrier or an aircraft 

tender, an officer must be an officer in the line of the Navy who 

is designated as a naval aviator or naval flight officer and who is 

otherwise qualified. 

(b) To be eligible to command a naval aviation school, a naval 

air station, or a naval aviation unit organized for flight tactical 

purposes, an officer must be an officer in the line of the Navy designated as a naval aviator or naval flight officer. 

(c) To be eligible to command a Marine Corps aviation school, 

a Marine Corps air station, or a Marine Corps aviation unit organized for flight tactical purposes, an officer must be an officer of 

the Marine Corps designated as a naval aviator or naval flight officer. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 371; Pub. L. 91–198, Sec. 1(1), Feb. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 15.) 

§ 5943. Naval shipyards 

Commanders of naval shipyards may be selected by the President from officers of the Navy not below the grade of commander. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 371.) 

§ 5944. Marine Corps officers: limitation on power to command 

Officers of the Marine Corps may not command vessels or 

naval shipyards. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 371.) 

§ 5945. Staff corps officers: limitation on power to command 

An officer in a staff corps may command only such activities 

as are appropriate to his corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 371; Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(21), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 380.) 
§ 5946 CH. 551—OFFICERS IN COMMAND 1888 

§ 5946. Precedence accorded commanding officers 

The commanding officer of a vessel or of a naval station takes 

precedence over all officers under his command. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 

§ 5947. Requirement of exemplary conduct 

All commanding officers and others in authority in the naval 

service are required to show in themselves a good example of virtue, honor, patriotism, and subordination; to be vigilant in inspecting the conduct of all persons who are placed under their command; to guard against and suppress all dissolute and immoral 

practices, and to correct, according to the laws and regulations of 

the Navy, all persons who are guilty of them; and to take all necessary and proper measures, under the laws, regulations, and customs of the naval service, to promote and safeguard the morale, the 

physical well-being, and the general welfare of the officers and enlisted persons under their command or charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 

§ 5948. Consular powers: senior officer present afloat 

In any foreign port where there is no resident consul of the 

United States, or on the high seas, the senior officer present afloat 

has the powers of a consul in relation to mariners of the United 

States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 

§ 5949. Policy as to leave and liberty 

The commanding officer of a vessel shall favor the faithful and 

obedient in granting leave and liberty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 

[§ 5950. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 761] 

§ 5951. Continuation of authority after loss of vessel or aircraft 

If the crew of any naval vessel or naval aircraft are separated 

from their vessel or aircraft because of its wreck, loss, or destruction, all the command and authority given to the officers of the vessel or aircraft remain in full force until the crew are discharged or 

reassigned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 

§ 5952. Marine Corps organizations on vessels: authority of 

officers 

When an organization of the Marine Corps is embarked in any 

vessel, not as part of the authorized complement of the vessel, the 

authority of the officers of that organization is the same as though 

the organization were serving at a naval station. However, this section does not impair the paramount authority of the commanding 

officer of a vessel over the vessel and all persons embarked in it. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 372.) 
1889 [§ 5955 CH. 551—OFFICERS IN COMMAND 

[§§ 5953, 5954. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 761] 

[§ 5955. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 361(a), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2902] 
1890 

CHAPTER 553—SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS AND DETAILS 

Sec. 

[5981. Repealed.] 

[5982. Repealed.] 

5983. State Department: assignment of enlisted members as custodians of buildings in foreign countries. 

[5984. Repealed.] 

5985. Nautical Schools: detail of naval officers as superintendents or instructors. 

5986. Technical institutions: detail of naval officers to promote knowledge of 

naval engineering and naval architecture. 

[5987. Repealed.] 

[§ 5981. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–482, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 

Stat. 1082] 

[§ 5982. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 361(b), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2902] 

§ 5983. State Department: assignment of enlisted members 

as custodians of buildings in foreign countries 

Upon the request of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the 

Navy may assign enlisted members of the naval service to serve as 

custodians under the supervision of the principal officer at any embassy, legation, or consulate. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 374.) 

[§ 5984. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 760] 

§ 5985. Nautical Schools: detail of naval officers as superintendents or instructors 

The President may detail officers of the Navy as superintendents or instructors of institutions receiving benefits under chapter 

515 of title 46 when in his opinion it can be done without detriment to the naval service. Officers so detailed shall be recalled 

from an institution if it is discontinued or if the good of the naval 

service requires. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 374; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1303(a)(21), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 109–304, Sec. 17(a)(5), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1706.) 

§ 5986. Technical institutions: detail of naval officers to promote knowledge of naval engineering and naval architecture 

(a) To promote a knowledge of naval engineering and naval architecture, the President, upon the application of any established 

scientific school or college in the United States, the Commonwealths or possessions, may detail a qualified officer of the Navy 

as a professor in that school or college. The number of officers detailed under this section may not exceed 25 at any one time. 
1891 [§ 5987 CH. 553—SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS AND DETAILS 

(b) The President may prescribe regulations for detailing such 

officers and may recall them when the public interest requires. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 374; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(5), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

[§ 5987. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 759] 
1892 

CHAPTER 555—ADMINISTRATION 

Sec. 

6011. Navy Regulations. 

6012. Additional regulations for Marine Corps. 

6013. Enlisted grades and ratings: authority to establish. 

6014. Enlisted members: authority for transfer between Marine Corps and Hospital Corps of the Navy. 

[6015 to 6018. Repealed.] 

6019. Citizenship of officers of vessels. 

[6020. Repealed.] 

6021. Aviation duties: number of personnel assigned. 

6022. Aviation training facilities. 

[6023. Repealed.] 

6024. Aviation designations: naval flight officer. 

[6025, 6026. Repealed.] 

6027. Medical Department: composition. 

[6028. Repealed.] 

6029. Dental services: responsibilities of senior dental officer. 

[6030. Repealed.] 

6031. Chaplains: divine services. 

6032. Indebtedness to Marine Corps Exchanges: payment from appropriated 

funds in certain cases. 

[6033, 6034. Repealed.] 

6035. Female members: congressional review period for assignment to duty on 

submarines or for reconfiguration of submarines. 

6036. Fatality reviews. 

§ 6011. Navy Regulations 

United States Navy Regulations shall be issued by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 375; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 204(a)(2), Oct. 14, 1981, 

95 Stat. 1007.) 

§ 6012. Additional regulations for Marine Corps 

The President may prescribe military regulations for the discipline of the Marine Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 375.) 

§ 6013. Enlisted grades and ratings: authority to establish 

The Secretary of the Navy may establish such enlisted grades 

and ratings as are necessary for the proper administration of the 

Navy and the Marine Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 375.) 

§ 6014. Enlisted members: authority for transfer between 

Marine Corps and Hospital Corps of the Navy 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, enlisted members of the Marine Corps are eligible for transfer to the 

Hospital Corps of the Navy, and enlisted members of the Hospital 

Corps are eligible for transfer to the Marine Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 375.) 
1893 § 6027 CH. 555—ADMINISTRATION 

[§ 6015. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(a), 

Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1659] 

[§ 6016. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(16), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§ 6017. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(k)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006] 

[§ 6018. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 372, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

§ 6019. Citizenship of officers of vessels 

The officers of vessels of the United States shall in all cases 

by citizens of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 376.) 

[§ 6020. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(23), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 

Stat. 266] 

§ 6021. Aviation duties: number of personnel assigned 

The number of officers and enlisted members of the Navy and 

the Marine Corps detailed to duty involving flying and to other duties in connection with aircraft shall be in accordance with the requirements of naval aviation as determined by the Secretary of the 

Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 376.) 

§ 6022. Aviation training facilities 

The President may maintain facilities to provide flight training 

for 16,000 members of the naval service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 376.) 

[§ 6023. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–168, Sec. 2(1), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 

Stat. 489] 

§ 6024. Aviation designations: naval flight officer 

Any officer of the naval service may be designated a naval 

flight officer if he has successfully completed the course prescribed 

for naval flight officers. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 377; Feb. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–198, Sec. 1(2), 84 Stat. 15.) 

[§ 6025. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–168, Sec. 2(2), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 

Stat. 489] 

[§ 6026. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–310, title II, Sec. 204(a), June 6, 

1972, 86 Stat. 202] 

§ 6027. Medical Department: composition 

The Medical Corps and Dental Corps, and such other staff 

corps as the Secretary of the Navy may establish under section 

5150(b) of this title and designate to be in the Medical Department 

of the Navy, are in the Medical Department of the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 377; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 353, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2902; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 514(c)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055.) 
[§ 6028 CH. 555—ADMINISTRATION 1894 

[§ 6028. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 352(b), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2902] 

§ 6029. Dental services: responsibilities of senior dental officer 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe regulations for 

dental services on ships and at shore stations. Such services shall 

be under the senior dental officer, who is responsible to the commanding officer of the ship or station for all professional, technical, 

and administrative matters concerning dental services. 

(b) This section does not impose any administrative requirements that would interfere with the proper functioning of battle organizations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 377.) 

[§ 6030. Repealed Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(22), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 

Stat. 380] 

§ 6031. Chaplains: divine services 

(a) An officer in the Chaplain Corps may conduct public worship according to the manner and forms of the church of which he 

is a member. 

(b) The commanders of vessels and naval activities to which 

chaplains are attached shall cause divine service to be performed 

on Sunday, whenever the weather and other circumstances allow 

it to be done; and it is earnestly recommended to all officers, seamen, and others in the naval service diligently to attend at every 

performance of the worship of Almighty God. 

(c) All persons in the Navy and in the Marine Corps are enjoined to behave themselves in a reverent and becoming manner 

during divine service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 378; Pub. L. 86–140, Aug. 7, 1959, 73 Stat. 288.) 

§ 6032. Indebtedness to Marine Corps Exchanges: payment 

from appropriated funds in certain cases 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, appropriations for the pay of the Marine Corps are available to pay 

any indebtedness to Marine Corps Exchanges of members of the 

Marine Corps who are discharged, who desert, or who are sentenced to prison. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 378.) 

[§ 6033. Repealed Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(a)(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 763] 

[§ 6034. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(j)(8), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3005] 

§ 6035. Female members: congressional review period for assignment to duty on submarines or for reconfiguration of submarines 

(a) No change in the Department of the Navy policy limiting 

service on submarines to males, as in effect on May 10, 2000, may 

take effect until— 
1895 § 6036 CH. 555—ADMINISTRATION 

(1) the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress written 

notice of the proposed change; and 

(2) a period of 30 days of continuous session of Congress 

(excluding any day on which either House of Congress is not 

in session) expires following the date on which the notice is received. 

(b) No funds available to the Department of the Navy may be 

expended to reconfigure any existing submarine, or to design any 

new submarine, to accommodate female crew members until— 

(1) the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress written 

notice of the proposed reconfiguration or design; and 

(2) a period of 30 days of continuous session of Congress 

(excluding any day on which either House of Congress is not 

in session) expires following the date on which the notice is received. 

(c) For purposes of this section, the continuity of a session of 

Congress is broken only by an adjournment of the Congress sine 

die. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 573(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–136.) 

§ 6036. Fatality reviews 

(a) REVIEW OF FATALITIES.—The Secretary of the Navy shall 

conduct a multidisciplinary, impartial review (referred to as a ‘‘fatality review’’) in the case of each fatality known or suspected to 

have resulted from domestic violence or child abuse against any of 

the following. 

(1) A member of the naval service on active duty. 

(2) A current or former dependent of a member of the 

naval service on active duty. 

(3) A current or former intimate partner who has a child 

in common or has shared a common domicile with a member 

of the naval service on active duty. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report of a fatality review 

under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, include the following: 

(1) An executive summary. 

(2) Data setting forth victim demographics, injuries, autopsy findings, homicide or suicide methods, weapons, police 

information, assailant demographics, and household and family 

information. 

(3) Legal disposition. 

(4) System intervention and failures, if any, within the Department of Defense. 

(5) A discussion of significant findings. 

(6) Recommendations for systemic changes, if any, within 

the Department of the Navy and the Department of Defense. 

(c) OSD GUIDANCE.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

guidance, which shall be uniform for the military departments, for 

the conduct of reviews by the Secretary under subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 576(b)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1487.) 
1896 

CHAPTER 557—RATIONS 

Sec. 

6081. Navy ration: persons entitled to. 

6082. Rations. 

6083. Fixing cost on certain vessels and stations. 

6084. Enlisted members assigned to mess: basic allowance for subsistence paid 

to mess. 

6085. Flight rations. 

6086. Subsistence in hospital messes: hospital ration. 

6087. Sale of meals by general messes. 

§ 6081. Navy ration: persons entitled to 

(a) Each enlisted member of the naval service is entitled to a 

Navy ration for each day that he is on active duty, including each 

day that he is on leave. 

(b) Each midshipman is entitled to a Navy ration for each day 

that he is on active duty, including each day that he is on leave. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy may prescribe regulations stating 

the conditions under which the ration shall be allowed under subsection (b). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 379; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 5(c), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 494; 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, Sec. 602(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1772.) 

§ 6082. Rations 

(a) The President may prescribe the components and quantities 

of the Navy ration. The President may direct the issuance of equivalent articles in place of the prescribed components of the ration 

if the President determines that economy and the health and comfort of the members of the naval service require such action. 

(b) An enlisted member of the naval service on active duty is 

entitled to one ration daily. If an emergency ration is issued, it is 

in addition to the regular ration. 

(c) Fresh or preserved fruits, milk, butter, and eggs necessary 

for the proper diet of the sick and injured in hospitals shall be provided under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(d) The Secretary of the Navy may increase the quantity of 

daily rations for members of the naval service on a vessel or at a 

station that has an authorized complement of less than 150 members if the President determines that the vessel or station is operating under conditions that warrant an increase in rations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 379; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(a), Nov. 5, 

1990, 104 Stat. 1570.) 

§ 6083. Fixing cost on certain vessels and stations 

If the Secretary of the Navy considers that it is undesirable to 

administer the mess on any ship or at any station under the quantity allowance prescribed in section 6082 of this title, he may fix 

the cost of each ration for that mess. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 380.) 
1897 § 6087 CH. 557—RATIONS 

§ 6084. Enlisted members assigned to mess: basic allowance 

for subsistence paid to mess 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, the basic allowance for subsistence of enlisted members of 

the naval service assigned to duty with and subsisting in an officers’ or other mess, afloat or ashore, may be paid to the mess to 

which they are assigned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 380.) 

§ 6085. Flight rations 

An aircraft flight ration chargeable to the proper Navy or Marine Corps appropriation may be furnished to members of the naval 

service and to civilian employees of the Department of the Navy 

while engaged in flight operations. The flight ration is supplementary to any ration or subsistence allowance to which the members or employees are otherwise entitled. However, the flight ration 

may not be furnished without charge to any person in a travel status or to any person to whom a per diem allowance is granted in 

place of subsistence. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 380.) 

§ 6086. Subsistence in hospital messes: hospital ration 

(a) Enlisted members of the naval service on duty in hospitals 

and enlisted members of the naval service, including retired members and members of the Fleet Reserve and the Fleet Marine Corps 

Reserve, when sick in hospitals, may be subsisted in hospital 

messes. When subsistence is furnished under this subsection, the 

appropriation chargeable with the maintenance of the hospital 

mess shall be credited at the rate prescribed by the Secretary of 

the Navy as the value of the hospital ration. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary prescribes, officers 

in the Nurse Corps may be subsisted in hospital messes. Each officer so subsisted shall pay for her subsistence at the rate fixed by 

the regulations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 380.) 

§ 6087. Sale of meals by general messes 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, meals may be sold by general messes afloat and ashore. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 381.) 
1898 

CHAPTER 559—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND 

PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[6111, 6112. Repealed.] 

6113. Loans: Supply Corps officers. 

[6114 to 6116. Repealed.] 

[§ 6111. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(35), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

[§ 6112. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(36), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 

§ 6113. Loans: Supply Corps officers 

Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer in the Supply 

Corps on active duty may not advance or lend any sum of money, 

public or private, or any article or commodity and may not extend 

credit to any officer of the naval service on active duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 381.) 

[§ 6114. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(7), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 762] 

[§ 6115. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(17), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§ 6116. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 
1899 

CHAPTER 561—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

6141. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 

[6142 to 6150. Repealed.] 

6151. Higher retired grade and pay for members who serve satisfactorily under 

temporary appointments. 

6152. Emergency shore duty: advance of funds. 

6153. Shore patrol duty: payment of expenses. 

6154. Mileage books: commutation tickets. 

6155. Uniforms, accouterments, and equipment: sale at cost. 

6156. Uniform: sale to former members of the naval service. 

[6157 to 6159. Repealed.] 

6160. Pension to persons serving ten years. 

6161. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 

§ 6141. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement 

(a) PRESENTATION OF FLAG.—Upon the release of a member of 

the Navy or Marine Corps from active duty for retirement or transfer to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, the 

Secretary of the Navy shall present a United States flag to the 

member. 

(b) MULTIPLE PRESENTATIONS NOT AUTHORIZED.—A member is 

not eligible for a presentation of a flag under subsection (a) if the 

member has previously been presented a flag under this section or 

any other provision of law providing for the presentation of a 

United States flag incident to release from active service for retirement. 

(c) NO COST TO RECIPIENT.—The presentation of a flag under 

this section shall be at no cost to the recipient. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, Sec. 644(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2048; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 666.) 

[§§ 6142 to 6147. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(38–43), 

Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501] 

[§ 6148. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

604(f)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3877] 

[§ 6149. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(3), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 

Stat. 214] 

[§ 6150. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–155, Sec. 9(a)(1), Aug. 11, 1959, 

73 Stat. 337] 

§ 6151. Higher retired grade and pay for members who serve 

satisfactorily under temporary appointments 

(a) Unless otherwise entitled to a higher retired grade and subject to sections 689 and 1370 of this title, each member, other than 

a retired member, of the Navy or the Marine Corps shall, when retired, be advanced on the retired list to the highest officer grade 
§ 6152 CH. 561—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 1900 

in which he served satisfactorily under a temporary appointment 

as determined by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) Each member (other than a former member of the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve) who is advanced on the 

retired list under this section is (unless otherwise entitled to higher 

retired pay) entitled to retired pay determined in accordance with 

the following table. References in the table are to sections of this 

title. 

Column 1 Column 2 

Take Multiply by 

Retired pay base computed under section 

1406(d) or 1407. 

Retired pay multiplier prescribed under 

section 1409 for the years of service 

that may be credited to him under section 1405. 

(c) Each former member of the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve who is advanced on the retired list under this 

section is entitled to retired pay determined in accordance with the 

following table. References in the table are to sections of this title. 

Column 1 Column 2 

Take Multiply by 

Retired pay base computed under section 

1406(d) or 1407. 

Retired pay multiplier prescribed under 

section 1409 for the number of years 

of service creditable for his retainer 

pay at the time of retirement. 

(d) A member who is advanced on the retired list under this 

section from the grade of warrant officer, W–1, or from an enlisted 

grade to a commissioned grade, and who applies to the Secretary 

within three months after his advancement, shall, if the Secretary 

approves, be restored on the retired list to his former warrant officer or enlisted grade, as the case may be. A member who is restored to his former grade under this subsection is thereafter considered for all purposes as a warrant officer, W–1, or an enlisted 

member, as the case may be. 

(e) Retired pay computed under subsection (b) or (c), if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 385; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 11(a)(6)(A), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 

131; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(138), (139)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1507, 1508; Pub. L. 88–132, 

Sec. 5(h)(4), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(d)(13), Sept. 8, 1980, 

94 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 96–512, title V, Sec. 503(45), 513(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2914, 2932; 

Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(9), 923(c)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 641, 643; Pub. L. 99– 

348, title II, Sec. 203(c), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(d), 

Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2517.) 

§ 6152. Emergency shore duty: advance of funds 

Under such regulations as the President approves, the Secretary of the Navy may, to meet necessary expenses, advance funds 

to members of the naval service detailed on emergency shore duty. 

The funds advanced may not exceed the reasonable estimate of expenses to be incurred for which reimbursement is authorized. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 386.) 
1901 § 6160 CH. 561—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

§ 6153. Shore patrol duty: payment of expenses 

An officer, midshipman, or cadet of the naval service who is assigned to shore patrol duty away from his vessel or other duty station may be paid his actual services. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 386.) 

§ 6154. Mileage books: commutation tickets 

The Secretary of the Navy may buy such mileage books, commutation tickets, and other similar transportation tickets as he 

considers necessary, and he may furnish them to persons ordered 

to perform travel on official business. Payment for those tickets before the travel is performed is not an advance of public money 

within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of 

title 31. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 386; Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 3(b)(8), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 

1063; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(56)(A), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2626.) 

§ 6155. Uniforms, accouterments, and equipment: sale at 

cost 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, uniforms, accouterments, and equipment shall be sold by 

the United States at cost to officers and midshipmen of the naval 

service and, when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the 

Navy, to officers of the Coast Guard. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 386.) 

§ 6156. Uniform: sale to former members of the naval service 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, exterior articles of uniform may be sold to a person who 

has been discharged from the naval service honorably or under 

honorable conditions. This section does not modify section 772 or 

773 of this title. 

(b) Money received from sales under this section shall be covered into the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation out of 

which the articles were purchased. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 386.) 

[§ 6157. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 123(b), Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 514] 

[§ 6158. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

[§ 6159. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–482, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 

Stat. 1082] 

§ 6160. Pension to persons serving ten years 

(a) Every disabled person who has served in the Navy or Marine Corps as an enlisted member or petty officer, or both, for ten 

or more years, and has not been discharged for misconduct, may 

apply to the Secretary of the Navy for aid. 

(b) Upon receipt of an application under subsection (a), the 

Secretary of the Navy may convene a board of not less than three 

naval officers (one of whom shall be a surgeon) to examine into the 
§ 6161 CH. 561—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 1902 

condition of the applicant, and to recommend a suitable amount for 

his relief, and for a specified time. If the Secretary of the Navy approves the recommendation, he shall so certify to the Secretary of 

Veterans Affairs, who shall pay a pension in such amount monthly 

to the applicant. 

(c) No naval pension under this section shall be paid at a rate 

in excess of the rate payable to a veteran of World War I for permanent and total non-service-connected disability, unless the applicant’s disability is service-connected, in which case the naval pension payable to him shall not exceed the rate of disability compensation payable for total disability to a veteran of any war, or 

of peacetime service, as the case may be. In the case of any initial 

award of naval pension granted before July 14, 1943, where the 

person granted the naval pension is also entitled to pension or compensation under laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans 

Affairs, such naval pension shall not exceed one-fourth of such pension or compensation. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–56, title XXII, Sec. 2201(31)(C), June 17, 1957, 71 Stat. 161; amended Pub. 

L. 85–857, Sec. 13(v)(4), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1268; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(c)(1), 

Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(2), Nov. 29, 1989, 

103 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1484(j)(4), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1719.) 

§ 6161. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of 

indebtedness of members 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Navy may have remitted or cancelled any part of the indebtedness of a person to the 

United States or any instrumentality of the United States incurred 

while the person was serving on active duty as a member of the 

naval service, but only if the Secretary considers such action to be 

in the best interest of the United States. 

(b) RETROACTIVE APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN DEBTS.—The authority in subsection (a) may be exercised with respect to any debt 

covered by that subsection that is incurred on or after October 7, 

2001. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—This section shall be administered under 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 86–511, Sec. 1(a), June 11, 1960, 74 Stat. 207; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. 

A, title VI, Sec. 683(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3322; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

673(b)(1), (2), (e)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2271, 2272; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1063(c)(7)(B), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 323.) 
1903 

CHAPTER 563—HOSPITALIZATION AND MEDICAL CARE 

Sec. 

6201. Members of the naval service in other United States hospitals. 

6202. Insane members of the naval service. 

6203. Emergency medical treatment: reimbursement for expense. 

§ 6201. Members of the naval service in other United States 

hospitals 

(a) When appropriate naval hospital facilities are unavailable, 

the Secretary of the Navy may provide for the care and treatment 

of members of the naval service, entitled to treatment in naval hospitals, in other United States hospitals, if the agencies controlling 

the other hospitals consent. Expenses incident to such care and 

treatment are chargeable to the same appropriation as would be 

chargeable for care and treatment in a naval hospital. 

(b) The deduction authorized by section 4812 of the Revised 

Statutes (24 U.S.C. 16) shall be made from accounts of members 

hospitalized under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 387; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(19), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1571; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(14), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932.) 

§ 6202. Insane members of the naval service 

A member of the naval service who becomes insane may be 

placed in the hospital for the insane that, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Navy, is most convenient and will provide the most 

beneficial treatment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 387.) 

§ 6203. Emergency medical treatment: reimbursement for 

expense 

The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe regulations for reimbursing members of the naval service for expenses of emergency or 

necessary medical service, including hospitalization and medicines, 

when the member was in a duty status at the time he received the 

service and the service was not available from a Federal source. 

For the purpose of this section, a member on leave or liberty is in 

a duty status. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 387.) 
1904 

CHAPTER 565—BANDS 

Sec. 

6221. United States Navy Band; officer in charge. 

6222. United States Marine Band; United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps: 

composition; appointment and promotion of members. 

[6224. Repealed.] 

§ 6221. United States Navy Band; officer in charge 

(a) There is a Navy band known as the United States Navy 

Band. 

(b)(1) An officer of the Navy designated for limited duty under 

section 5589 or 5596 of this title who is serving in a grade above 

lieutenant may be detailed by the Secretary of the Navy as Officer 

in Charge of the United States Navy Band. 

(2) While serving as Officer in Charge of the United States 

Navy Band, an officer shall hold the grade of captain if appointed 

to that grade by the President, by and with the advice and consent 

of the Senate. Such an appointment may be made notwithstanding 

section 5596(d) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 388; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(44), 76 Stat. 

501; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(16), 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 107–107, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 510(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1091.) 

§ 6222. United States Marine Band; United States Marine 

Drum and Bugle Corps: composition; appointment 

and promotion of members 

(a) UNITED STATES MARINE BAND.—The band of the Marine 

Corps shall be composed of one director, two assistant directors, 

and other personnel in such numbers and grades as the Secretary 

of the Navy determines to be necessary. 

(b) UNITED STATES MARINE DRUM AND BUGLE CORPS.—The 

drum and bugle corps of the Marine Corps shall be composed of one 

commanding officer and other personnel in such numbers and 

grades as the Secretary of the Navy determines to be necessary. 

(c) APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Navy shall prescribe regulations for the appointment and promotion of members of the Marine Band and members of the Marine 

Drum and Bugle Corps. 

(2) The President may from time to time appoint members of 

the Marine Band and members of the Marine Drum and Bugle 

Corps to grades not above the grade of captain. The authority of 

the President to make appointments under this paragraph may be 

delegated only to the Secretary of Defense. 

(3) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, may from time to time appoint any member of the Marine 

Band or of the Marine Drum and Bugle Corps to a grade above the 

grade of captain. 
1905 [§ 6224 CH. 565—BANDS 

(d) RETIREMENT.—Unless otherwise entitled to higher retired 

grade and retired pay, a member of the Marine Band or Marine 

Drum and Bugle Corps who holds, or has held, an appointment 

under this section is entitled, when retired, to be retired in, and 

with retired pay based on, the highest grade held under this section in which the Secretary of the Navy determines that such member served satisfactorily. 

(e) REVOCATION OF APPOINTMENT.—The Secretary of the Navy 

may revoke any appointment of a member of the Marine Band or 

Marine Drum and Bugle Corps. When a member’s appointment to 

a commissioned grade terminates under this subsection, such member is entitled, at the option of such member— 

(1) to be discharged from the Marine Corps; or 

(2) to revert to the grade and status such member held at 

the time of appointment under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 388; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(140), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1508; 

Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(45), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 91–197, Feb. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 

15; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 599(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2238.) 

[§ 6223. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 

590(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 138] 

[§ 6224. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(46), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 501] 
1906 

CHAPTER 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

6241. Medal of honor. 

6242. Navy cross. 

6243. Distinguished-service medal. 

6244. Silver star medal. 

6245. Distinguished flying cross. 

6246. Navy and Marine Corps Medal. 

6247. Additional awards. 

6248. Limitations of time. 

6249. Limitation of honorable service. 

6250. Posthumous awards. 

6251. Delegation of power to award. 

6252. Regulations. 

6253. Replacement. 

6254. Availability of appropriations. 

6255. Commemorative or special medals: facsimiles and ribbons. 

6256. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

6257. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

6258. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

§ 6241. Medal of honor 

The President may award, and present in the name of Congress, a medal of honor of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while a member of the naval service, 

distinguishes himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at 

the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 389; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 2(1), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 93; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512.) 

§ 6242. Navy cross 

The President may award a Navy cross of appropriate design, 

with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while serving in 

any capacity with the Navy or Marine Corps, distinguishes himself 

by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a medal of 

honor— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 389; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 2(2), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 94.) 
1907 § 6246 CH. 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

§ 6243. Distinguished-service medal 

The President may award a distinguished-service medal of appropriate design and a ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in place thereof, to any person who, while serving 

in any capacity with the Navy or the Marine Corps, distinguishes 

himself by exceptionally meritorious service to the United States in 

a duty of great responsibility. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 389.) 

§ 6244. Silver star medal 

The President may award a silver star medal of appropriate 

design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while 

serving in any capacity with the Navy or Marine Corps, is cited for 

gallantry in action that does not warrant a medal of honor or Navy 

cross— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 389; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 2(3), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 94.) 

§ 6245. Distinguished flying cross 

The President may award a distinguished flying cross of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon to any person who, while 

serving in any capacity with the Navy or the Marine Corps, distinguishes himself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while 

participating in an aerial flight. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390.) 

§ 6246. Navy and Marine Corps Medal 

(a) The President may award a medal called the ‘‘Navy and 

Marine Corps Medal’’ of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in place 

thereof— 

(1) to any person who, while serving in any capacity with 

the Navy or the Marine Corps, distinguishes himself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy; or 

(2) to any person to whom the Secretary of the Navy, before August 7, 1942, awarded a letter of commendation for heroism, and who applies for that medal, regardless of the date of 

the act of heroism. 

(b) The authority in subsection (a) includes authority to award 

the medal to a member of the Ready Reserve who was not in a 

duty status defined in section 101(d) of this title when the member 

distinguished himself by heroism. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 574(b), Nov. 18, 

1997, 111 Stat. 1758.) 
§ 6247 CH. 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 1908 

§ 6247. Additional awards 

Not more than one medal of honor, Navy cross, distinguishedservice medal, silver star medal, distinguished flying cross, or Navy 

and Marine Corps Medal may be awarded to a person. However, 

for each succeeding act or service that would otherwise justify the 

award of such a medal or cross, the President may award a suitable bar, emblem, or insignia to be worn with the decoration and 

corresponding rosette or other device. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390.) 

§ 6248. Limitations of time 

(a) Except as provided in section 6246 of this title or subsection 

(b), no medal of honor, Navy cross, distinguished-service medal, silver star medal, Navy and Marine Corps Medal, or bar, emblem, or 

insignia in place thereof may be awarded to a person unless— 

(1) the award is made within five years after the date of 

the act or service justifying the award; and 

(2) a statement setting forth the act or distinguished service and recommending official recognition of it was made by his 

superior through official channels within three years from the 

date of that act or service. 

(b) If the Secretary of the Navy determines that— 

(1) a statement setting forth the act or distinguished service and recommending official recognition of it was made by 

the person’s superior through official channels within three 

years from the date of that act or service and was supported 

by sufficient evidence within that time; and 

(2) no award was made, because the statement was lost or 

through inadvertence the recommendation was not acted on; 

a medal of honor, Navy cross, distinguished-service medal, silver 

star medal, Navy and Marine Corps Medal, or bar, emblem, or insignia in place thereof, as the case may be, may be awarded to the 

person within two years after the date of that determination. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390; Pub. L. 86–582, Sec. 1(2), July 5, 1960, 74 Stat. 320.) 

§ 6249. Limitation of honorable service 

No medal, cross, or bar, or associated emblem or insignia may 

be awarded or presented to any person or to his representative if 

his service after he distinguished himself has not been honorable. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390.) 

§ 6250. Posthumous awards 

If a person who distinguishes himself dies before an award to 

which he is entitled is made, the award may be made and the 

medal, cross, or bar, or associated emblem or insignia may be presented, within five years from the date of the act or service justifying the award, to his representative as designated by the President. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 390.) 

§ 6251. Delegation of power to award 

The President may delegate, under such conditions as he prescribes, to flag and general officers who are commanders-in-chief or 
1909 § 6257 CH. 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

commanding on important independent duty, his authority to 

award the Navy cross, the distinguished-service medal, the silver 

star medal, or the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391.) 

§ 6252. Regulations 

The President may prescribe regulations for the administration 

of the preceding sections of this chapter. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391.) 

§ 6253. Replacement 

The Secretary of the Navy may replace without charge any 

medal of honor, Navy cross, distinguished-service medal, silver star 

medal, or Navy and Marine Corps Medal, or any associated bar, 

emblem, or insignia awarded under this chapter that is stolen, lost, 

or destroyed or becomes unfit for use without fault or neglect on 

the part of the person to whom it was awarded. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(b)(2), Dec. 

28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1116.) 

§ 6254. Availability of appropriations 

The Secretary of the Navy may spend from appropriations for 

the pay of the Navy or the Marine Corps, as appropriate, amounts 

necessary to provide and replace medals of honor, Navy crosses, 

distinguished-service medals, silver star medals, and Navy and Marine Corps Medals, and associated bars, emblems, and insignia. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391.) 

§ 6255. Commemorative or special medals: facsimiles and 

ribbons 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, 

members of the naval service may wear, in place of commemorative 

or special medals awarded to them, miniature facsimiles of such 

medals and ribbons symbolic of the awards. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391.) 

§ 6256. Medal of honor: duplicate medal 

A person awarded a medal of honor shall, upon written application of that person, be issued, without charge, one duplicate 

medal of honor with ribbons and appurtenances. Such duplicate 

medal of honor shall be marked, in such manner as the Secretary 

of the Navy may determine, as a duplicate or for display purposes 

only. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(b)(1)(A), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1116.) 

§ 6257. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag 

The President shall provide for the presentation of the Medal 

of Honor Flag designated under section 903 of title 36 to each person to whom a medal of honor is awarded under section 6241 of 

this title. Presentation of the flag shall be made at the same time 

as the presentation of the medal under section 6241 or 6250 of this 

title. In the case of a posthumous presentation of the medal, the 
§ 6258 CH. 567—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 1910 

flag shall be presented to the person to whom the medal is presented. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, Sec. 8143(c)(2)(A), Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1570; amended 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1062(a)(16), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2650; Pub. L. 109– 

364, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2217.) 

§ 6258. Korea Defense Service Medal 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy shall issue a campaign medal, 

to be known as the Korea Defense Service Medal, to each person 

who while a member of the Navy or Marine Corps served in the 

Republic of Korea or the waters adjacent thereto during the KDSM 

eligibility period and met the service requirements for the award 

of that medal prescribed under subsection (c). 

(b) In this section, the term ‘‘KDSM eligibility period’’ means 

the period beginning on July 28, 1954, and ending on such date 

after the date of the enactment of this section as may be determined by the Secretary of Defense to be appropriate for terminating eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe service requirements for eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. Those requirements shall not be more stringent than the service requirements for award of the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for instances in which the award of that medal is authorized. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(c)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2549, Sec. 6257; 

renumbered Sec. 6258, Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(30), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 

2063.) 
1911 

CHAPTER 569—DISCHARGE OF ENLISTED MEMBERS 

Sec. 

[6291. Repealed.] 

6292. Minors enlisted upon false statement of age. 

[6293 to 6298. Repealed.] 

[§ 6291. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 758] 

§ 6292. Minors enlisted upon false statement of age 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy, under regulations prescribed by 

him, may discharge or release from the naval service, with pay and 

allowances and form of discharge certificate appropriate for his 

service after enlistment, any enlisted member who, as the result of 

a false statement of age on his application for enlistment, was enlisted while under the minimum statutory or administrative age 

limit. A member so discharged or released is entitled to transportation in kind and subsistence from the place of discharge to his 

home. 

(b) Appropriations available for pay and allowances, subsistence, and transportation of enlisted members of the naval service 

are available for payments under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 391.) 

[§ 6293. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 757] 

[§ 6294. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(g), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

[§§ 6295 to 6298. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), (b)(1), 

8(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 757, 758, 764] 
1912 

CHAPTER 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

Sec. 

6321. Officers: 40 years. 

6322. Officers: 30 years. 

6323. Officers: 20 years. 

6324. Officers: creditable service. 

6325. Officers: retired grade and pay. 

6326. Enlisted members: 30 years. 

6327. Officers and enlisted members of the Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve: 30 years; 20 years; retired pay. 

6328. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement. 

6329. Officers not to be retired for misconduct. 

6330. Enlisted members: transfer to Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; retainer pay. 

6331. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: transfer 

to the retired list; retired pay. 

6332. Conclusiveness of transfers. 

6333. Computation of retired and retainer pay. 

6334. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

6335. Restoration to former grade: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

6336. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 

§ 6321. Officers: 40 years 

(a) Each officer of the Regular Navy or the Regular Marine 

Corps holding a permanent appointment in the grade of warrant 

officer, W–1, or above who applies for retirement after completing 

40 or more years of active service shall be retired by the Secretary 

of the Navy. 

(b) For the purpose of this section, an officer’s years of active 

service are computed by adding all his active service in the armed 

forces. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 393.) 

§ 6322. Officers: 30 years 

(a) An officer of the Regular Navy or the Regular Marine Corps 

holding a permanent appointment in the grade of warrant officer, 

W–1, or above who applies for retirement after completing 30 or 

more years of active service may, in the discretion of the Secretary 

of the Navy, be retired. 

(b) For the purpose of this section, an officer’s years of active 

service are computed by adding all his active service in the armed 

forces. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 394; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(d)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 

94 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–513, Sec. 513(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 99–348, title 

II, Sec. 203(b)(1), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696.) 

§ 6323. Officers: 20 years 

(a)(1) An officer of the Navy or the Marine Corps who applies 

for retirement after completing more than 20 years of active service, of which at least 10 years was service as a commissioned offi-
1913 § 6324 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

cer, may, in the discretion of the President, be retired on the first 

day of any month designated by the President. 

(2)(A) The Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of 

the Navy, during the period specified in subparagraph (B), to reduce the requirement under paragraph (1) for at least 10 years of 

active service as a commissioned officer to a period (determined by 

the Secretary) of not less than eight years. 

(B) The period specified in this subparagraph is the period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Ike Skelton National 

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 and ending on September 30, 2013. 

(b) For the purposes of this section— 

(1) an officer’s years of active service are computed by adding all his active service in the armed forces; and 

(2) his years of service as a commissioned officer are computed by adding all his active service in the armed forces 

under permanent or temporary appointments in grades above 

warrant officer, W–1. 

(c) The retired grade of an officer retired under this section is 

the grade determined under section 1370 of this title. 

(d) A warrant officer who retires under this section may elect 

to be placed on the retired list in the highest grade and with the 

highest retired pay to which he is entitled under any provision of 

this title. If the pay of that highest grade is less than the pay of 

any warrant grade satisfactorily held by him on active duty, his retired pay shall be based on the higher pay. 

(e) Unless otherwise entitled to higher pay, an officer retired 

under this section is entitled to retired pay computed under section 

6333 of this title. 

(f) Officers of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve 

who were transferred to the Retired Reserve from an honorary retired list under section 213(b) of the Armed Forces Reserve Act of 

1952 (66 Stat. 485), or are transferred to the Retired Reserve under 

section 6327 of this title, may be retired under this section, notwithstanding their retired status, if they are otherwise eligible. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 394; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(142), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1509; 

Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(4), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(d)(2), 

Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(47)(A), 513(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2914, 2932; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 203(b)(2), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696; Pub. 

L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 561(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1667; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(e), 

Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 571(e)], Oct. 30, 2000, 

114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–134; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Secs. 502(b), 515(b)(1)(H), Jan. 6, 

2006, 119 Stat. 3225, 3233; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(33), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 

Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 506(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4210.) 

§ 6324. Officers: creditable service 

For the purpose of this chapter, service as a nurse in the 

armed forces before April 16, 1947, is considered as commissioned 

service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 394; Pub. L. 86–197, Sec. 1(6), Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 426; 

Pub. L. 89–609, Sec. 1(15), Sept. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(23)(A), Nov. 8, 

1967, 81 Stat. 380.) 
§ 6325 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 1914 

§ 6325. Officers: retired grade and pay 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) or section 1370 of this 

title, each officer who is retired under section 6321 or 6322 of this 

title— 

(1) unless otherwise entitled to a higher grade, shall be retired in the grade in which he was serving at the time of retirement; and 

(2) unless otherwise entitled to higher pay, is entitled to 

retired pay computed under section 6333 of this title. 

(b) Each officer who is retired while serving in the grade of admiral, vice admiral, general, or lieutenant general by virtue of an 

appointment under section 601 of this title or who is retired while 

serving in a grade to which he was appointed or promoted under 

section 603 of this title or promoted under section 602 (as in effect 

before February 1, 1992) or section 5721 of this title— 

(1) unless otherwise entitled to a higher grade, shall be retired in the grade he would hold if he had not received such 

an appointment; and 

(2) unless otherwise entitled to higher pay, is entitled to 

retired pay computed under section 6333 of this title. 

(c) A warrant officer who retires under section 6321, 6322, or 

6323 of this title may elect to be placed on the retired list in the 

highest grade and with the highest retired pay to which he is entitled under any provision of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 394; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 11(a)(6)(B), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 

131; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(143), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(4), Oct. 

2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 95–377, Sec. 7, Sept. 19, 1978, 92 Stat. 721; Pub. L. 96–342, title 

VIII, Sec. 813(d)(3), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(47)(B), 

513(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2914, 2932; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 10(b)(8), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 

137; Pub. L. 99–348, title I, Sec. 104(c)(2), title II, Sec. 203(b)(3), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 691, 

696; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, Sec. 1052(39), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2501.) 

§ 6326. Enlisted members: 30 years 

(a) Each enlisted member of the Regular Navy or the Regular 

Marine Corps who applies for retirement after completing 30 or 

more years of active service in the armed forces shall be retired by 

the President. 

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a), ‘‘enlisted member’’ includes a member of the Regular Navy or the Regular Marine Corps 

who holds a permanent enlisted grade and a temporary appointment in a commissioned or warrant officer grade. 

(c) Each person retired under this section— 

(1) unless otherwise entitled to a higher grade, shall be retired in the grade in which serving at the time of retirement; 

and 

(2) unless otherwise entitled to higher pay, is entitled to 

retired pay computed under section 6333 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 395; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 6(9), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 129; 

Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(20), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1571; Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(4), Oct. 

2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–207, Sec. 3(3), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 96–342, 

title VIII, Sec. 813(d)(4), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(17), (19), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 203(b)(4), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696.) 
1915 § 6328 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

§ 6327. Officers and enlisted members of the Navy Reserve 

and Marine Corps Reserve: 30 years; 20 years; retired pay 

(a) A member of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve may be transferred to the Retired Reserve upon his request 

if he has completed— 

(1) at least 30 years of active service in the armed forces, 

other than active duty for training; or 

(2) at least 20 years of active service in the armed forces 

other than active duty for training, the last 10 of which he 

served in the 11-year period immediately preceding his transfer to the Retired Reserve. 

(b) Each member who is transferred to the Retired Reserve 

under subsection (a) is entitled, when not on active duty, to retired 

pay at the rate of 50 percent of the basic pay of the grade in which 

retired. 

(c) This section applies only to persons who were members of 

the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve on January 1, 1953. 

(d) This section terminates on January 1, 1973. However, its 

termination will not affect any accrued rights to retired pay. 

(e) A member who is eligible for retirement under this section, 

and who is also eligible for retirement under another provision or 

for transfer to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve 

under section 6330 of this title, is entitled to elect which of these 

benefits he is to receive. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 395; Pub. L. 85–583, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 480; 

Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(5), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(I), (3)(B), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 6328. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement 

(a) ENLISTED MEMBERS.—Time required to be made up under 

section 972(a) of this title after February 10, 1996, may not be 

counted in computing years of service under this chapter. 

(b) OFFICERS.—Section 972(b) of this title excludes from computation of an officer’s years of service for purposes of this chapter 

any time identified with respect to that officer under that section. 

(c) TIME SPENT IN SEAMAN TO ADMIRAL PROGRAM.—The 

months of active service in pursuit of a baccalaureate-level degree 

under the Seaman to Admiral (STA–21) program of the Navy of officer candidates selected for the program on or after the date of the 

enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

Year 2010 shall be excluded in computing the years of service of 

an officer who was appointed to the grade of ensign in the Navy 

upon completion of the program to determine the eligibility of the 

officer for retirement, unless the officer becomes subject to involuntary separation or retirement due to physical disability. Such active 

service shall be counted in computing the years of active service of 

the officer for all other purposes. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(d)(3)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 322; amended 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(c)(13), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title V, Sec. 505, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2277.) 
§ 6329 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 1916 

§ 6329. Officers not to be retired for misconduct 

No officer of the Navy or the Marine Corps may be retired because of misconduct for which trial by court-martial would be appropriate. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 396.) 

§ 6330. Enlisted members: transfer to Fleet Reserve and 

Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; retainer pay 

(a) The Fleet Reserve and the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve are 

composed of members of the naval service transferred thereto 

under this section. 

(b) An enlisted member of the Regular Navy or the Navy Reserve who has completed 20 or more years of active service in the 

armed forces may, at his request, be transferred to the Fleet Reserve. An enlisted member of the Regular Marine Corps or the Marine Corps Reserve who has completed 20 or more years of active 

service in the armed forces may, at his request, be transferred to 

the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve. 

(c)(1) Each member who is transferred to the Fleet Reserve or 

the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve under this section is entitled, when 

not on active duty, to retainer pay computed under section 6333 of 

this title. 

(2) A member may recompute his retainer pay under section 

1402 or 1402a of this title, as appropriate, to reflect active duty 

after transfer. 

(3) If the member has been credited by the Secretary of the 

Navy with extraordinary heroism in the line of duty, which determination by the Secretary is final and conclusive for all purposes, 

his retainer pay shall be increased by 10 percent. 

(d)(1) For the purposes of subsection (c), each full month of 

service that is in addition to the number of full years of service 

creditable to a member is counted as one-twelfth of a year and any 

remaining fractional part of a month is disregarded. 

(2) In determining a member’s eligibility for transfer to the 

Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve under subsection 

(b)— 

(A) a completed minority enlistment of the member is 

counted as four years of active service, if creditable to the 

member for such purpose before December 31, 1977; and 

(B) an enlistment of the member terminated within three 

months before the end of the term of enlistment is counted as 

active service for the full term, if creditable to the member for 

such purpose before December 31, 1977. 

(3)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), in determining a member’s 

years of active service for the computation of retainer pay under 

subsection (c)— 

(i) a completed minority enlistment of the member is 

counted as four years of active service; and 

(ii) an enlistment of the member terminated within three 

months before the end of the term of enlistment is counted as 

active service for the full term. 

(B) In the case of a member who is transferred to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve under this section after 
1917 § 6332 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

December 30, 1977, service attributable under subparagraph (A) to 

time which, after December 31, 1977, is not actually served by the 

member may not be counted. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 396; Pub. L. 85–583, Sec. 1(2), (3), Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 

480; Pub. L. 90–207, Sec. 3(4), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 

813(d)(5), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(17), (19), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 923(c)(3), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 99– 

348, title II, Sec. 203(b)(6), title III, Sec. 305(a)(1), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696, 704; Pub. L. 

101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(a)(5), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 109–163, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(J), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 6331. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine 

Corps Reserve: transfer to the retired list; retired 

pay 

(a) When he has completed 30 years of service, or when he is 

found not physically qualified in an examination under section 

6485 of this title, a member of the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve shall be transferred— 

(1) to the retired list of the Regular Navy or the Regular 

Marine Corps, as appropriate, if he was a member of the Regular Navy or the Regular Marine Corps at the time of his 

transfer to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; or 

(2) to the appropriate Retired Reserve, if he was a member 

of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve at the time 

of his transfer to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps 

Reserve. 

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a), a member’s years of service are computed by adding— 

(1) the years of service credited to him upon his transfer 

to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; 

(2) his years of active and inactive service in the armed 

forces before his transfer to the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve not credited to him upon that transfer; and 

(3) his years of service, active and inactive, in the Fleet 

Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve. 

(c) Unless otherwise entitled to higher pay, each member 

transferred to the retired list or the Retired Reserve under this section is entitled to retired pay at the same rate as the retainer pay 

to which he was entitled at the time of his transfer to the retired 

list or the Retired Reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 397; Pub. L. 85–583, Sec. 1(4–6), Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 480; 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(K), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 6332. Conclusiveness of transfers 

When a member of the naval service is transferred by the Secretary of the Navy— 

(1) to the Fleet Reserve; 

(2) to the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve; 

(3) from the Fleet Reserve to the retired list of the Regular 

Navy or the Retired Reserve; or 

(4) from the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve to the retired list 

of the Regular Marine Corps or the Retired Reserve; 

the transfer is conclusive for all purposes. Each member so transferred is entitled, when not on active duty, to retainer pay or retired pay from the date of transfer in accordance with his grade 
§ 6333 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 1918 

and number of years of creditable service as determined by the Secretary. The Secretary may correct any error or omission in his determination as to a member’s grade and years of creditable service. 

When such a correction is made, the member is entitled, when not 

on active duty, to retainer pay or retired pay in accordance with 

his grade and number of years of creditable service, as corrected, 

from the date of transfer. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 397; Pub. L. 85–583, Sec. 1(7), Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 480; 

Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(33), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1566.) 

§ 6333. Computation of retired and retainer pay 

(a) The monthly retired pay or retainer pay of a member entitled to such pay under this chapter or under section 6970 or 6383 

of this title is computed in accordance with the following table. 

Column 1 Column 2 

Formula For sections Take Multiply by 

A 6325(a) 

6326

Retired pay base computed 

under section 1406(d) or 

1407.

Retired pay multiplier prescribed under section 

1409 for the years of 

service that may be credited to the member under 

section 1405. 

B 6323

6325(b) 

6970

6383

Retired pay base computed 

under section 1406(d) or 

1407.

Retired pay multiplier prescribed under section 

1409 for the years of 

service that may be credited to him under section 

1405. 

C 6330 Retainer pay base computed under section 

1406(d) or 1407.

Retainer pay multiplier 

prescribed under section 

1409 for the years of 

service that may be credited to him under section 

1405. 

(b)(1) Retired pay or retainer pay computed under this section, 

if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded to the next lower multiple 

of $1. 

(2) References in the table in subsection (a) are to sections of 

this title. 

(c) In the case of a Reserve enlisted member whose grade upon 

transfer to the Fleet Reserve or Fleet Marine Corps Reserve is determined under section 6336 of this title and who first became a 

member of a uniformed service before September 8, 1980, the retainer pay base of the member (notwithstanding section 1406(a)(1) 

of this title) is the amount of the monthly basic pay of the grade 

in which the member is so transferred (determined based upon the 

rates of basic pay applicable on the date of the member’s transfer), 

and that amount shall be used for the purposes of the table in subsection (a) rather than the amount computed under section 1406(d) 

of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(10)(A), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 641; amended Pub. 

L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 203(a), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, 

Sec. 635(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2789; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503(b)(3), Feb. 
1919 § 6335 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(d)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 

2520; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 509(d)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3231; Pub. L. 110– 

181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 646(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 160.) 

§ 6334. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members 

(a) Each member of the naval service covered by subsection (b) 

who, after December 4, 1987, is retired with less than 30 years of 

active service or is transferred to the Fleet Reserve or Fleet Marine 

Corps Reserve is entitled, when his active service plus his service 

on the retired list or his service in the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet 

Marine Corps Reserve totals 30 years, to be advanced on the retired list to the highest grade in which he served on active duty 

satisfactorily, as determined by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) This section applies to— 

(1) warrant officers of the naval service; 

(2) enlisted members of the Regular Navy and Regular 

Marine Corps; and 

(3) reserve enlisted members of the Navy and Marine 

Corps who, at the time of retirement or transfer to the Fleet 

Reserve or Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, are serving on active 

duty. 

(c) An enlisted member of the naval service who is advanced 

on the retired list under this section is entitled to recompute his 

retired or retainer pay under formula A of the following table, and 

a warrant officer of the naval service so advanced is entitled to recompute his retired pay under formula B of that table. The amount 

recomputed, if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded to the next 

lower multiple of $1. 

Column 1 Column 2 

Formula Take Multiply by 

A Retired pay base as computed 

under section 1406(d) or 1407 of 

this title.

The retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 1409 of this 

title for the number of years 

creditable for his retainer or retired pay at the time of retirement.1

B Retired pay base as computed 

under section 1406(d) of this 

title.

The retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 1409 of this 

title for the number of years 

credited to him under section 

1405 of this title. 

1 In determining the retired pay multiplier, credit each full month of service that 

is in addition to the number of full years of service creditable to the member as 1⁄12

of a year and disregard any remaining fractional part of a month. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1089; amended Pub. 

L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(g), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1605.) 

§ 6335. Restoration to former grade: warrant officers and 

enlisted members 

Each retired warrant officer or enlisted member of the naval 

service who has been advanced on the retired list to a higher commissioned grade under section 6334 of this title, and who applies 

to the Secretary of the Navy within three months after his ad-
§ 6336 CH. 571—VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT 1920 

vancement, shall, if the Secretary approves, be restored on the retired list to his former warrant officer or enlisted status, as the 

case may be. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090.) 

§ 6336. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted 

members reduced in grade not as a result of the 

member’s misconduct 

(a) A member of the Navy Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve 

described in subsection (b) who is transferred to the Fleet Reserve 

or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve under section 6330 of this title 

shall be transferred in the highest enlisted grade in which the 

member served on active duty satisfactorily, as determined by the 

Secretary of the Navy. 

(b) This section applies to a Reserve enlisted member who— 

(1) at the time of transfer to the Fleet Reserve or Fleet 

Marine Corps Reserve is serving on active duty in a grade 

lower than the highest enlisted grade held by the member 

while on active duty; and 

(2) was previously administratively reduced in grade not 

as a result of the member’s own misconduct, as determined by 

the Secretary of the Navy. 

(c) This section applies with respect to enlisted members of the 

Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve who are transferred to 

the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve after September 30, 1996. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2519; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(L), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
1921 

CHAPTER 573—INVOLUNTARY RETIREMENT, 

SEPARATION, AND FURLOUGH 

Sec. 

6371. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority. 

[6372 to 6382. Repealed.] 

6383. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps; officers designated for limited 

duty: retirement for length of service or failures of selection for promotion; discharge for failures of selection for promotion; reversion to 

prior status; retired grade; retired pay. 

[6384 to 6388. Repealed.] 

6389. Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve; officers: elimination from active 

status; computation of total commissioned service. 

[6390 to 6403. Repealed.] 

6404. Treatment of fractions of years of service in computing retired pay and 

separation pay. 

[6405 to 6407. Repealed.] 

6408. Navy and Marine Corps; warrant officers, W–1: limitation on dismissal. 

[6409, 6410. Repealed.] 

§ 6371. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United 

States Naval Academy; waiver authority 

(a) MANDATORY RETIREMENT.—Upon the termination of the detail of an officer to the position of Superintendent of the United 

States Naval Academy, the Secretary of the Navy shall retire the 

officer under any provision of chapter 571 of this title under which 

the officer is eligible to retire. 

(b) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of Defense may waive 

the requirement in subsection (a) for good cause. In each case in 

which such a waiver is granted for an officer, the Secretary shall 

submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the 

House of Representatives a written notification of the waiver, with 

a statement of the reasons supporting the decision that the officer 

not retire, and a written notification of the intent of the President 

to nominate the officer for reassignment. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(2)(A), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 603; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(a)(2), (c)(2)(A), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1902, 1904.) 

[§§ 6372 to 6374. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

[§ 6375. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–123, Sec. 5(26), Aug. 3, 1961, 75 

Stat. 266] 

[§§ 6376 to 6382. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 
§ 6383 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 1922 

§ 6383. Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps; officers 

designated for limited duty: retirement for length 

of service or failures of selection for promotion; 

discharge for failures of selection for promotion; 

reversion to prior status; retired grade; retired pay 

(a) MANDATORY RETIREMENT.—(1) Except as provided in subsection (k), each regular officer of the Navy who is an officer designated for limited duty and who is serving in a grade below the 

grade of commander and each regular officer of the Marine Corps 

who is an officer designated for limited duty shall be retired on the 

last day of the month following the month in which he completes 

30 years of active naval service, exclusive of active duty for training in a reserve component. 

(2) Except as provided in subsection (k), each regular officer of 

the Navy designated for limited duty who is serving in the grade 

of commander, has failed of selection for promotion to the grade of 

captain for the second time, and is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the grade of captain shall— 

(A) if eligible for retirement as a commissioned officer 

under any provision of law, be retired under that provision of 

law on the date requested by the officer and approved by the 

Secretary of the Navy, except that the date of retirement may 

not be later than the first day of the seventh month beginning 

after the month in which the President approves the report of 

the selection board in which the officer is considered as having 

failed for promotion to the grade of captain for a second time; 

or 

(B) if not eligible for retirement as a commissioned officer, 

be retired on the date requested by the officer and approved by 

the Secretary of the Navy after the officer becomes eligible for 

retirement as a commissioned officer, except that the date of 

retirement may not be later than the first day of the seventh 

calendar month beginning after the month in which the officer 

becomes eligible for retirement as a commissioned officer. 

(3) Except as provided in subsection (k), if not retired earlier, 

a regular officer of the Navy designated for limited duty who is 

serving in the grade of commander and is not on a list of officers 

recommended for promotion to the grade of captain shall be retired 

on the last day of the month following the month in which the officer completes 35 years of active naval service, exclusive of active 

duty for training in a reserve component. 

(4) Except as provided in subsection (k), each regular officer of 

the Navy designated for limited duty who is serving in the grade 

of captain shall, if not retired sooner, be retired on the last day of 

the month following the month in which the officer completes 38 

years of active naval service, exclusive of active duty for training 

in a reserve component. 

(b) LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS AND MAJORS WHO TWICE FAIL

OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION.—Except as provided in subsections 

(f) and (k), each regular officer on the active-duty list of the Navy 

serving in the grade of lieutenant commander who is an officer designated for limited duty, and each regular officer on the active-duty 

list of the Marine Corps serving in the grade of major who is an 
1923 § 6383 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 

officer designated for limited duty, who is considered as having 

failed of selection for promotion to the grade of commander or lieutenant colonel, respectively, for the second time and whose name 

is not on a promotion list shall be retired, if eligible to retire, or 

be discharged on the date requested by the officer and approved by 

the Secretary of the Navy, but not later than the first day of the 

seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the 

President approves the report of the selection board in which the 

officer is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to 

the grade of commander or lieutenant colonel for the second time. 

(c) RETIRED GRADE AND RETIRED PAY.—Each officer retired 

under subsection (a) or (b)— 

(1) unless otherwise entitled to a higher grade, shall be retired in the grade determined under section 1370 of this title; 

and 

(2) is entitled to retired pay computed under section 6333 

of this title. 

(d) NAVY LIEUTENANTS AND MARINE CORPS CAPTAINS WHO

TWICE FAIL OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION.—Except as provided in 

subsections (f) and (k), each regular officer on the active-duty list 

of the Navy serving in the grade of lieutenant who is an officer designated for limited duty, and each regular officer on the active duty 

list of the Marine Corps serving in the grade of captain who is an 

officer designated for limited duty, who is considered as having 

failed of selection for promotion to the grade of lieutenant commander or major for the second time and whose name is not on a 

list of officers recommended for promotion shall be honorably discharged on the date requested by the officer and approved by the 

Secretary of the Navy, but not later than the first day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the President approves the report of the selection board in which the officer 

is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to the 

grade of lieutenant commander or major for the second time. 

(e) OFFICERS IN PAY GRADES O–2 AND O–1 WHO TWICE FAIL

OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION OR ARE FOUND NOT QUALIFIED FOR

PROMOTION.—(1) Each regular officer on the active-duty list of the 

Navy serving in the grade of lieutenant (junior grade) who is an 

officer designated for limited duty, and each regular officer on the 

active-duty list of the Marine Corps serving in the grade of first 

lieutenant who is an officer designated for limited duty, who is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to the grade of 

lieutenant (in the case of an officer of the Navy) or captain (in the 

case of an officer of the Marine Corps) for the second time shall be 

honorably discharged on the date requested by the officer and approved by the Secretary of the Navy, but not later than the first 

day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in 

which the President approves the report of the selection board in 

which the officer is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to the grade of lieutenant or captain, respectively, for the 

second time. 

(2) Each regular officer on the active-duty list of the Navy serving in the grade of ensign who is an officer designated for limited 

duty, and each regular officer on the active-duty list of the Marine 

Corps serving in the grade of second lieutenant who is an officer 
§ 6383 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 1924 

designated for limited duty, who is found not qualified for promotion to the grade of lieutenant (junior grade) (in the case of an 

officer of the Navy) or first lieutenant (in the case of an officer of 

the Marine Corps) shall be honorably discharged on the date requested by the officer and approved by the Secretary of the Navy, 

but not later than the first day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the officer was found not qualified for promotion. 

(f) 18-YEAR RETIREMENT SANCTUARY.—If an officer subject to 

discharge under subsection (b), (d), or (e) is (as of the date on 

which the officer is to be discharged) not eligible for retirement 

under any provision of law but is within two years of qualifying for 

retirement under section 6323 of this title, the officer shall be retained on active duty as an officer designated for limited duty until 

becoming qualified for retirement under that section and shall then 

be retired under that section, unless the officer is sooner retired or 

discharged under another provision of law or the officer reverts to 

a warrant officer grade pursuant to subsection (h). 

(g) REENLISTMENT FOR LDOS APPOINTED FROM ENLISTED

GRADES.—(1) An officer subject to discharge under subsection (b), 

(d), or (e) who is described in paragraph (2) may, upon the officer’s 

request and in the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, be enlisted in a grade prescribed by the Secretary upon the officer’s discharge pursuant to such subsection. 

(2) An officer described in this paragraph is an officer who— 

(A) is not eligible for retirement under any provision of 

law; 

(B) is not covered by subsection (f); and 

(C) was in an enlisted grade when first appointed as an officer designated for limited duty. 

(h) REVERSION TO WARRANT OFFICER GRADE FOR LDOS AP- POINTED FROM WARRANT OFFICER GRADES.—An officer subject to 

discharge under subsection (b), (d), or (e) (including an officer otherwise subject to retention under subsection (f)) who is not eligible 

for retirement under any provision of law and who had the permanent status of a warrant officer when first appointed as an officer 

designated for limited duty may, at the officer’s option, revert to 

the warrant officer grade and status that the officer would hold if 

the officer had not been appointed as an officer designated for limited duty. 

(i) DETERMINATION OF GRADE AND STATUS OF OFFICERS REVERTING TO PRIOR STATUS.—In any computation to determine the 

grade and status to which an officer may revert under this section, 

all active service as an officer designated for limited duty or as a 

temporary or reserve officer is included. 

(j) SEPARATION PAY FOR OFFICERS DISCHARGED.—An officer 

discharged under this section is entitled, if eligible therefor, to separation pay under section 1174(a)(1) of this title. 

(k) SELECTIVE RETENTION BOARDS FOR LDOS.—Under such 

regulations as he may prescribe, whenever the needs of the service 

require, the Secretary of the Navy may defer the retirement under 

subsection (a) or (b) or the discharge under subsection (b) or (d) of 

any officer designated for limited duty upon recommendation of a 

board of officers convened under section 611(b) of this title and 
1925 § 6389 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 

with the consent of the officer concerned. An officer whose retirement is deferred under this subsection and who is not subsequently 

promoted may not be continued on active duty beyond 20 years active commissioned service, if in the grade of lieutenant or captain, 

beyond 24 years active commissioned service, if in the grade of lieutenant commander or major, or beyond 28 years active commissioned service, if in the grade of lieutenant colonel, or beyond age 

62, whichever is earlier. 

(l) APPLICABILITY OF SECTION ONLY TO PERMANENT LDOS.— 

This section does not apply to officers designated for limited duty 

under section 5596 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 405; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 11(a)(6)(D), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 

131; Pub. L. 86–616, Sec. 5(2), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 390; Pub. L. 87–509, Sec. 4(b), June 28, 

1962, 76 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(4), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 96–342, title 

VIII, Sec. 813(d)(7), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1106; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 336, title V, Sec. 

513(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898, 2932; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(11), Sept. 24, 

1983, 97 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 529(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2526; Pub. L. 

99–348, title II, Sec. 203(b)(7), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 696; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 

501(f)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1551; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(c), (d), Oct. 

23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2403, 2404; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(e), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 

Stat. 1667; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 503, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2749; Pub. L. 105– 

261, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(c), (d), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2004.) 

[§§ 6384 to 6388. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

§ 6389. Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve; officers: 

elimination from active status; computation of 

total commissioned service 

(a) Subject to section 12645 of this title, an officer in an active 

status in the Navy Reserve in the permanent grade of lieutenant 

or lieutenant (junior grade), and an officer in an active status in 

the Marine Corps Reserve in the permanent grade of captain or 

first lieutenant, who is considered as having twice failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade while on the activeduty list may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, be 

eliminated from an active status or released from active duty and 

placed on the reserve active-status list. 

(b) An officer who is to be eliminated from an active status 

under subsection (a) shall, if qualified, be given an opportunity to 

request transfer to the appropriate Retired Reserve and, if he requests it, shall be so transferred. If he is not so transferred, he 

shall, in the discretion of the Secretary, be transferred to the appropriate inactive status list or be discharged from the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(c)(1) An officer in an active status in the Navy Reserve in the 

permanent grade of lieutenant commander or commander, and an 

officer in an active status in the Marine Corps Reserve in the permanent grade of major or lieutenant colonel, who is considered as 

having twice failed of selection for promotion to the next higher 

grade while on the active-duty list shall, if qualified, be given an 

opportunity to request transfer to the appropriate Retired Reserve. 

If he is not so transferred, he shall be discharged from the Navy 

Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve if he has completed a period 

of total commissioned service equal to that specified below for the 

permanent grade in which he is serving: 
§ 6389 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 1926 

Grade Total commissioned service Navy Marine Corps 

Commander .................................. Lieutenant colonel ........................ 28 years. 

Lieutenant commander ............... Major ............................................. 20 years. 

(2) Notwithstanding the first sentence of paragraph (1), the 

Secretary may defer the retirement or discharge of such number of 

officers serving in the grade of lieutenant commander as are necessary to maintain the authorized officer strength of the Ready Reserve, but the duration of such deferment for any individual officer 

may not be in excess of five years. 

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary may defer 

the retirement or discharge under this subsection of an officer serving in the permanent grade of lieutenant commander or commander in the Navy Reserve or in the permanent grade of major 

or lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps Reserve for a period of 

time which does not exceed the amount of service in an active status which was credited to the officer at the time of his original appointment or thereafter under any provision of law, if the officer 

can complete at least 20 years of service as computed under section 

12732 of this title during the period of such deferment. 

(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary may defer 

the retirement or discharge under this subsection of such number 

of officers serving in the permanent grade of commander in the 

Medical Corps, Chaplain Corps, or Dental Corps in the Navy Reserve as are necessary to provide for mobilization requirements. 

(d) For the purposes of subsection (c), the total commissioned 

service of an officer who has served continuously in the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve following appointment therein 

in the permanent grade of ensign or second lieutenant, as the case 

may be, shall be computed from June 30 of the fiscal year in which 

he accepted the appointment. Each other officer is considered to 

have for this purpose as much total commissioned service as the 

years of active commissioned service of any regular officer on the 

active-duty list of the Navy not restricted in the performance of 

duty, or any regular officer on the active-duty list of the Marine 

Corps not restricted in the performance of duty, as appropriate, 

who has served continuously since original appointment as an ensign on the active-duty list of the Navy or as a second lieutenant 

on the active-duty list of the Marine Corps, has not lost numbers 

or precedence, and is, or has been after September 6, 1947, junior 

to that other officer. However, the total commissioned service that 

the other officer is considered to have may not be less than the actual number of years he has served as a commissioned officer in 

a grade above chief warrant officer, W–5. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(144)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1509; amended Pub. L. 86–559, 

Sec. 1(46), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 337(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2900; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, Sec. 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 98–525, 

title V, Sec. 528(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2526; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 514(b)(1), Nov. 

8, 1985, 99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1131(8)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 

1506; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1628, 1673(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2962, 3016; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(c)(25), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(M), (3)(C), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 
1927 § 6408 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 

[§ 6390. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

[§ 6391. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 6393. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 373(h), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

[§§ 6394 to 6396. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

[§ 6397. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 6398. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

[§ 6399. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(24)(G), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 382] 

[§§ 6400 to 6402. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

[§ 6403. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

§ 6404. Treatment of fractions of years of service in computing retired pay and separation pay 

In determining the total number of years of service to be used 

as a multiplier in computing retired pay and separation pay on discharge under this chapter, each full month of service that is in addition to the number of full years of service creditable to a member 

is counted as one-twelfth of a year and any remaining fractional 

part of a month is disregarded. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 415; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(50), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2915; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 923(c)(4), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 643.) 

[§ 6405. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(12), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 760] 

[§ 6406. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–482, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 

Stat. 1082] 

[§ 6407. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 335, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2898] 

§ 6408. Navy and Marine Corps; warrant officers, W–1: limitation on dismissal 

(a) No officer who holds the grade of warrant officer, W–1, may 

be dismissed from the Navy or the Marine Corps except in time of 

war, by order of the President. 

(b) The President may drop from the rolls of the Navy or the 

Marine Corps any officer who holds the grade of warrant officer, 

W–1, who— 

(1) has been absent without authority for at least three 

months; or 
[§ 6409 CH. 573—INVOL. RETIREMENT / SEPARATION / FURLOUGH 1928 

(2) is sentenced to confinement in a Federal or State penitentiary or correctional institution after having been found 

guilty of an offense by a court other than a court-martial or 

other military court, and whose sentence has become final. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 416.) 

[§ 6409. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 758] 

[§ 6410. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
1929 

CHAPTER 575—RECALL TO ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

[6481, 6482. Repealed.] 

6483. Retired members: grade. 

6484. Promotion of retired members to higher enlisted grades: retention of grade 

upon release from active duty. 

6485. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: authority 

to recall. 

6486. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve: release 

from active duty. 

[6487, 6488. Repealed.] 

[§ 6481. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 362(a), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 

[§ 6482. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 533(f)(1), Oct. 

19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528] 

§ 6483. Retired members: grade 

An officer who has been advanced on the retired list or in the 

Retired Reserve under former section 6150 of this title to a grade 

above captain in the Navy or above colonel in the Marine Corps, 

when recalled to active duty, may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, be recalled either in the grade he holds on the 

retired list or in the Retired Reserve or in the grade from which 

he was advanced. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 417; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 6(5), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 129; 

Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(m), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 2(10), Oct. 22, 1968, 

82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 363, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903.) 

§ 6484. Promotion of retired members to higher enlisted 

grades: retention of grade upon release from active 

duty 

When on active duty, retired enlisted members of the Navy or 

the Marine Corps are eligible for promotion to higher enlisted 

grades or ratings. When released from active duty, they shall, unless entitled to a higher grade under another provision of law, retain the grades or ratings they hold at the time of their release. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 417.) 

§ 6485. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine 

Corps Reserve: authority to recall 

(a) A member of the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps 

Reserve may be ordered by competent authority to active duty 

without his consent— 

(1) in time of war or national emergency declared by Congress, for the duration of the war or national emergency and 

for six months thereafter; 

(2) in time of national emergency declared by the President; or 
§ 6486 CH. 575—RECALL TO ACTIVE DUTY 1930 

(3) when otherwise authorized by law. 

(b) In time of peace any member of the Fleet Reserve or the 

Fleet Marine Corps Reserve may be required to perform not more 

than two months’ active duty for training in each four-year period. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 417; Pub. L. 95–79, title VIII, Sec. 805, July 30, 1977, 91 

Stat. 333.) 

§ 6486. Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine 

Corps Reserve: release from active duty 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of the 

Navy may, at any time, release any member of the Fleet Reserve 

or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve from active duty. 

(b) In time of war or national emergency declared by Congress 

or by the President after January 1, 1953, a member of the Fleet 

Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, without his consent, 

may be released from active duty other than from active duty for 

training only if— 

(1) a board of officers convened at his request by an authority designated by the Secretary recommends the release 

and the recommendation is approved; 

(2) the member does not request that a board be convened; 

or 

(3) his release is otherwise authorized by law. 

This subsection does not apply during a period of demobilization or 

reduction in strength of the Navy or the Marine Corps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 417.) 

[§§ 6487, 6488. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 362(b), 

(c), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903] 
1931 

CHAPTER 577—DEATH BENEFITS; CARE OF THE DEAD 

Sec. 

[6521. Repealed.] 

6522. Disposition of effects. 

[§ 6521. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(21), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 6522. Disposition of effects 

(a) If money or other personal property of a deceased member 

of the naval service is in the custody of the Department of the 

Navy, the Secretary of the Navy shall keep it in safe custody and 

make a diligent effort to determine and locate the heirs or next of 

kin of the deceased member. Property remaining unclaimed two 

years after the death of the member shall be sold, and the proceeds, together with any of his money held in custody, shall be covered into the Treasury. 

(b) Within five years after the date the money and proceeds are 

covered into the Treasury, any claim that is presented therefor 

supported by competent proof shall be certified to Congress for consideration. 

(c) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 419.) 

1933 

PART III—EDUCATION AND TRAINING 

Chap. Sec. 

601. Officer Procurement Programs ...................................... 6901 

602. Training Generally .......................................................... 6931 

603. United States Naval Academy ....................................... 6951 

605. United States Naval Postgraduate School .................... 7041 

607. Retirement of Civilian Members of the Teaching 

Staffs of the United States Naval Academy and 

United States Naval Postgraduate School ................ 7081 

609. Professional Military Education Schools ....................... 7101 

1935 

CHAPTER 601—OFFICER PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

[6901 to 6910. Repealed.] 

6911. Aviation cadets: grade; procurement; transfer. 

6912. Aviation cadets: benefits. 

6913. Aviation cadets: appointment as reserve officers. 

[6914. Repealed.] 

6915. Reserve student aviation pilots; reserve aviation pilots: appointments in 

commissioned grade. 

[§§ 6901 to 6906. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 

301(17), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072] 

[§ 6907. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–100, Sec. 1(1), July 21, 1961, 75 

Stat. 218] 

[§ 6908. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(17), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072] 

[§ 6909. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 329, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2896] 

[§ 6910. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(17), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072] 

§ 6911. Aviation cadets: grade; procurement; transfer 

(a) The grade of aviation cadet is a special enlisted grade in 

the naval service. Under such regulations as the Secretary of the 

Navy prescribes, citizens in civil life may be enlisted as, and enlisted members of the naval service with their consent may be designated as, aviation cadets. 

(b) Except in time of war or emergency declared by Congress, 

20 percent of the aviation cadets procured in each fiscal year shall 

be procured from qualified enlisted members of the Regular Navy 

and the Regular Marine Corps. 

(c) No person may be enlisted or designated as an aviation 

cadet unless— 

(1) he agrees in writing that, upon his successful completion of the course of training as an aviation cadet, he will accept a commission as an ensign in the Navy Reserve or a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve, and will serve on 

active duty as such for at least three years, unless sooner released; and 

(2) if under 21 years of age, he has the consent of his parent or guardian to his agreement. 

(d) Under such regulations as the Secretary prescribes, an 

aviation cadet may be transferred to another enlisted grade or rating in the naval service, released from active duty, or discharged. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 426; Pub. L. 85–578, July 31, 1958, 72 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 

96–513, title III, Sec. 373(f), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2903; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(N), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
§ 6912 CH. 601—OFFICER PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS 1936 

§ 6912. Aviation cadets: benefits 

Except as provided in section 402(a) and (b) of title 37, aviation 

cadets or their beneficiaries are entitled to the same allowances, 

pensions, gratuities, and other benefits as are provided for enlisted 

members in pay grade E–4. While on active duty, an aviation cadet 

is entitled to uniforms, clothing, and equipment at the expense of 

the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 426; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(147)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1513; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 6(f)(6), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 494.) 

§ 6913. Aviation cadets: appointment as reserve officers 

(a) An aviation cadet who fulfills the requirements of section 

2003 of this title may be appointed an ensign in the Navy Reserve 

or a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve and designated 

a naval aviator. 

(b) Aviation cadets who complete their training at approximately the same time are considered for all purposes to have begun 

their commissioned service on the same date, and the decision of 

the Secretary of the Navy in this regard is conclusive. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 427; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(20), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(O), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

[§ 6914. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title III, Sec. 374, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2904] 

§ 6915. Reserve student aviation pilots; reserve aviation pilots: appointments in commissioned grade 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, enlisted members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine 

Corps Reserve may be designated as student aviation pilots. 

(b) A member who is not a qualified civilian aviator may not 

be designated as a student aviation pilot unless he agrees in writing, with the consent of his parent or guardian if he is a minor, 

to serve on active duty for a period of two years after successfully 

completing flight training, unless sooner released. Such a student 

aviation pilot may be released from active duty or discharged at 

any time by any administrative authority prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) If he is a qualified civilian aviator, a student aviation pilot 

may be given a brief refresher course in flight training. 

(d) While he is in flight training, a student aviation pilot shall 

have uniforms and equipment issued to him at Government expense. 

(e) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a student 

aviation pilot of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve 

may be designated an aviation pilot upon successfully completing 

flight training. 

(f) In time of peace, an aviation pilot who is obligated under 

subsection (b) to serve on active duty for a period of two years may 

serve, with his consent, for an additional period of not more than 

two years. 

(g) An aviation pilot of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps 

Reserve may be released from active duty or discharged at any 

time by any administrative authority prescribed by the Secretary. 
1937 § 6915 CH. 601—OFFICER PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS 

(h) An aviation pilot of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps 

Reserve may, if qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be appointed an ensign in the Navy Reserve or a second 

lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve, as appropriate. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 427; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(51), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

501; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(21), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 109–163, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(P), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
1938 

CHAPTER 602—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

6931. Recruit basic training; separate housing for male and female recruits. 

6932. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

§ 6931. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male 

and female recruits 

(a) PHYSICALLY SEPARATE HOUSING.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Navy shall provide for housing male recruits and female recruits 

separately and securely from each other during basic training. 

(2) To meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the sleeping 

areas and latrine areas provided for male recruits shall be physically separated from the sleeping areas and latrine areas provided 

for female recruits by permanent walls, and the areas for male recruits and the areas for female recruits shall have separate entrances. 

(3) The Secretary shall ensure that, when a recruit is in an 

area referred to in paragraph (2), the area is supervised by one or 

more persons who are authorized and trained to supervise the 

area. 

(b) ALTERNATIVE SEPARATE HOUSING.—If male recruits and female recruits cannot be housed as provided under subsection (a) by 

October 1, 2001, at a particular installation, the Secretary of the 

Navy shall require (on and after that date) that male recruits in 

basic training at such installation be housed in barracks or other 

troop housing facilities that are only for males and that female recruits in basic training at such installation be housed in barracks 

or other troop housing facilities that are only for females. 

(c) CONSTRUCTION PLANNING.—In planning for the construction 

of housing to be used for housing recruits during basic training, the 

Secretary of the Navy shall ensure that the housing is to be constructed in a manner that facilitates the housing of male recruits 

and female recruits separately and securely from each other. 

(d) BASIC TRAINING DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘basic 

training’’ means the initial entry training programs of the Navy 

and Marine Corps that constitute the basic training of new recruits. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2010.) 

§ 6932. Recruit basic training: privacy 

The Secretary of the Navy shall require that access by recruit 

division commanders and other training personnel to a living area 

in which Navy recruits are housed during basic training shall be 

limited after the end of the training day, other than in the case of 

an emergency or other exigent circumstance, to recruit division 

commanders and other training personnel who are of the same sex 

as the recruits housed in that living area or to superiors in the 
1939 § 6932 CH. 602—TRAINING GENERALLY 

chain of command of those recruits who, if not of the same sex as 

the recruits housed in that living area, are accompanied by a member (other than a recruit) who is of the same sex as the recruits 

housed in that living area. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2012.) 
1940 

CHAPTER 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

Sec. 

6951. Location. 

6951a. Superintendent. 

6952. Civilian teachers: number; compensation. 

6953. Midshipmen: appointment. 

6954. Midshipmen: number. 

6955. Midshipmen: allotment upon redistricting of Congressional Districts. 

6956. Midshipmen: nomination and selection to fill vacancies. 

6957. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

6957a. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

6957b. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 

6958. Midshipmen: qualifications for admission. 

6959. Midshipmen: agreement for length of service. 

6960. Midshipmen: clothing and equipment; uniform allowance. 

6961. Midshipmen: dismissal for best interests of the service. 

6962. Midshipmen: discharge for unsatisfactory conduct or inaptitude. 

6963. Midshipmen: discharge for deficiency. 

6964. Hazing: definition; prohibition. 

6965. Failure to report violation: dismissal. 

6966. Course of study. 

6967. Degree on graduation. 

6968. Board of Visitors. 

6969. Band: composition. 

6970. Permanent professors: promotion. 

6970a. Permanent professors: retirement for years of service; authority for deferral. 

6971. Midshipmen’s store, trade shops, dairy, and laundry: nonappropriated fund 

instrumentality and accounts. 

6972. Chapel: crypt and window spaces. 

6973. Gifts, bequests, and loans of property: acceptance for benefit and use of 

Naval Academy. 

6974. United States Naval Academy Museum Fund: references to Fund. 

6975. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

6976. Operation of Naval Academy dairy farm. 

6977. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

6978. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

6979. Midshipmen: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

6980. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 

§ 6951. Location 

The United States Naval Academy shall be located at Annapolis, Maryland. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 428.) 

§ 6951a. Superintendent 

(a) There is a Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy. The immediate governance of the Naval Academy is under the 

Superintendent. 

(b) The Superintendent shall be detailed to that position by the 

President. As a condition for detail to that position, an officer shall 

acknowledge that upon termination of that detail the officer shall 
1941 § 6954 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

be retired pursuant to section 6371(a) of this title, unless such retirement is waived under section 6371(b) of this title. 

(c) An officer who is detailed to the position of Superintendent 

shall be so detailed for a period of not less than three years. In any 

case in which an officer serving as Superintendent is reassigned or 

retires before having completed three years service as Superintendent, or otherwise leaves that position (other than due to 

death) without having completed three years service in that position, the Secretary of the Navy shall submit to Congress notice that 

such officer left the position of Superintendent without having completed three years service in that position, together with a statement of the reasons why that officer did not complete three years 

service in that position. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(2)(B), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 603; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(b)(2), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1903.) 

§ 6952. Civilian teachers: number; compensation 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may employ as many civilians 

as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Naval Academy as 

he considers necessary. 

(b) The compensation of persons employed under this section 

is as prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy may, notwithstanding the provisions of subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5 or section 6101 of such 

title, prescribe for persons employed under this section the following: 

(1) The work schedule, including hours of work and tours 

of duty, set forth with such specificity and other characteristics 

as the Secretary determines appropriate. 

(2) Any premium pay or compensatory time off for hours 

of work or tours of duty in excess of the regularly scheduled 

hours or tours of duty. 

(d) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 428; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1107(b), Oct. 5, 

1999, 113 Stat. 778.) 

§ 6953. Midshipmen: appointment 

Midshipmen at the Naval Academy shall be appointed by the 

President alone. An appointment is conditional until the midshipman is admitted. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 429; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 203(b)(1), Oct. 14, 1981, 

95 Stat. 1006.) 

§ 6954. Midshipmen: number 

(a) The authorized strength of the Brigade of Midshipmen (determined for any year as of the day before the last day of the academic year) is 4,400 or such lower number as may be prescribed 

by the Secretary of the Navy under subsection (h). Subject to that 

limitation, midshipmen are selected as follows: 

(1) 65 selected in order of merit as established by competitive examination from the children of members of the armed 
§ 6954 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1942 

forces who were killed in action or died of, or have a serviceconnected disability rated at not less than 100 per centum resulting from, wounds or injuries received or diseases contracted 

in, or preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, active service, children of members who are in a ‘‘missing status’’ as defined in section 551(2) of title 37, and children of civilian employees who are in ‘‘missing status’’ as defined in section 

5561(5) of title 5. The determination of the Department of Veterans Affairs as to service connection of the cause of death or 

disability, and the percentage at which the disability is rated, 

is binding upon the Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) Five nominated at large by the Vice President or, if 

there is no Vice President, by the President pro tempore of the 

Senate. 

(3) Ten from each State, five of whom are nominated by 

each Senator from that State. 

(4) Five nominated by each Representative in Congress. 

(5) Five from the District of Columbia, nominated by the 

Delegate to the House of Representatives from the District of 

Columbia. 

(6) Three from the Virgin Islands, nominated by the Delegate in Congress from the Virgin Islands. 

(7) Six from Puerto Rico, five of whom are nominated by 

the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico and one who is 

a native of Puerto Rico nominated by the Governor of Puerto 

Rico. 

(8) Three from Guam, nominated by the Delegate in Congress from Guam. 

(9) Two from American Samoa, nominated by the Delegate 

in Congress from American Samoa. 

(10) Two from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, nominated by the Delegate in Congress from the 

commonwealth. 

Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, including 

the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is available under this section. Nominees may be submitted without ranking or with a principal candidate and 9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified 

nominees not selected for appointment under this subsection shall 

be considered qualified alternates for the purposes of selection 

under other provisions of this chapter. 

(b) In addition there may be appointed each year at the Academy midshipmen as follows: 

(1) one hundred selected by the President from the children of members of an armed force who— 

(A) are on active duty (other than for training) and 

who have served continuously on active duty for at least 

eight years; 

(B) are, or who died while they were, retired with pay 

or granted retired or retainer pay; 

(C) are serving as members of reserve components and 

are credited with at least eight years of service computed 

under section 12733 of this title; or 
1943 § 6954 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

(D) would be, or who died while they would have been, 

entitled to retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title except for not having attained 60 years of age; 

however, a person who is eligible for selection under clause (1) 

of subsection (a) may not be selected under this clause. 

(2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Navy from enlisted members of the Regular Navy and the Regular Marine 

Corps. 

(3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Navy from enlisted members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the Navy, under regulations prescribed by him, from the honor graduates of 

schools designated as honor schools by the Department of the 

Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 

Air Force, and from members of the Naval Reserve Officer’s 

Training corps. 

(5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the Navy in order of 

merit (prescribed pursuant to section 6956 of this title) from 

qualified alternates nominated by persons named in clauses (3) 

and (4) of subsection (a). 

(c) The President may also appoint as midshipmen at the 

Academy children of persons who have been awarded the medal of 

honor for acts performed while in the armed forces. 

(d) The Superintendent of the Naval Academy may nominate 

for appointment each year 50 persons from the country at large. 

Persons nominated under this paragraph may not displace any appointment authorized under clauses (2) through (9) of subsection 

(a) and may not cause the total strength of midshipmen at the 

Naval Academy to exceed the authorized number. 

(e) The Secretary of the Navy may limit the number of midshipmen appointed under subsection (b)(5). When he does so, if the 

total number of midshipmen, upon admission of a new class at the 

Academy, will be more than 3,737, no appointments may be made 

under subsection (b)(2) or (3) of this section or section 6956 of this 

title. 

(f) The Superintendent of the Naval Academy shall furnish to 

any Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, the name of the Congressman or other nominating authority 

responsible for the nomination of any named or identified person 

for appointment to the Academy. 

(g) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) establishing 

the aggregate authorized strength of the Brigade of Midshipmen, 

the Secretary of the Navy may for any year permit a variance in 

that limitation by not more than one percent. In applying that limitation, and any such variance, the last day of an academic year 

shall be considered to be graduation day. 

(h)(1) Beginning with the 2003–2004 academic year, the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe annual increases in the midshipmen strength limit in effect under subsection (a). For any academic year, any such increase shall be by no more than 100 midshipmen or such lesser number as applies under paragraph (3) for 

that year. Such annual increases may be prescribed until the midshipmen strength limit is 4,400. 
§ 6955 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1944 

(2) Any increase in the midshipmen strength limit under paragraph (1) with respect to an academic year shall be prescribed not 

later than the date on which the budget of the President is submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 for the fiscal year 

beginning in the same year as the year in which that academic 

year begins. Whenever the Secretary prescribes such an increase, 

the Secretary shall submit to Congress a notice in writing of the 

increase. The notice shall state the amount of the increase in the 

midshipmen strength limit and the new midshipmen strength 

limit, as so increased, and the amount of the increase in Senior 

Navy Reserve Officers’ Training Corps enrollment under each of 

sections 2104 and 2107 of this title. 

(3) The amount of an increase under paragraph (1) in the midshipmen strength limit for an academic year may not exceed the 

increase (if any) for the preceding academic year in the total number of midshipmen enrolled in the Navy Senior Reserve Officers’ 

Training Corps program under chapter 103 of this title who have 

entered into an agreement under section 2104 or 2107 of this title. 

(4) In this subsection, the term ‘‘midshipmen strength limit’’ 

means the authorized maximum strength of the Brigade of Midshipmen. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 429; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 124, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

514; Pub. L. 87–663, Sec. 1(3), Sept. 14, 1962, 76 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 2, Mar. 3, 1964, 

78 Stat. 150; Pub. L. 89–650, Sec. 1(1)–(3), Oct. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 90–374, July 

5, 1968, 82 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 2(8), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 91–405, 

title II, Sec. 204(c), Sept. 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 92–365, Sec. 1(2), Aug. 7, 1972, 86 

Stat. 505; Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 2(1)–(3), Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, 

Sec. 803(b)(1), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 96–600, Sec. 2(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3493; 

Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 203(b)(2), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1006; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(44), 

Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1298; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1005(a)(2), (b)(2), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 

Stat. 660; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. 

L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(b)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1563; Pub. L. 103–160, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 531, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1673(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3016; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 

110 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(62), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903; 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 602; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 

1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 531(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–109; Pub. L. 107–107, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1048(g)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1228; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 

532(b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2545; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 524(b), title X, Sec. 

1031(a)(55), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1464, 1603; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(Q), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 110–229, title VII, Sec. 718(b), May 8, 2008, 

122 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 540(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4454; Pub. 

L. 111–84, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2288.) 

§ 6955. Midshipmen: allotment upon redistricting of Congressional Districts 

If as a result of redistricting a State the domicile of a midshipman, or a nominee, nominated by a Representative falls within 

a congressional district other than that from which he was nominated, he is charged to the district in which his domicile so falls. 

For this purpose, the number of midshipmen otherwise authorized 

for that district is increased to include him. However, the number 

as so increased is reduced by one if he fails to become a midshipman or when he is finally separated from the Naval Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 430.) 

§ 6956. Midshipmen: nomination and selection to fill vacancies 

(a) If the annual quota of midshipmen from— 
1945 § 6957 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

(1) enlisted members of the Regular Navy and the Regular 

Marine Corps; 

(2) enlisted members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine 

Corps Reserve; or 

(3) at large by the President; 

is not filled, the Secretary may fill the vacancies by nominating for 

appointment other candidates from any of these sources who were 

found best qualified on examination for admission and not otherwise nominated. 

(b) If it is determined that, upon the admission of a new class 

to the Academy, the number of midshipmen at the Academy will 

be below the authorized number, the Secretary may fill the vacancies by nominating additional midshipmen from qualified candidates designated as alternates and from other qualified candidates who competed for nomination and are recommended and 

found qualified by the Academic Board. At least three-fourths of 

those nominated under this subsection shall be from qualified alternates under clauses (2) through (8) of section 6954(a) of this 

title, and the remainder shall be from qualified candidates who 

competed for appointment under any other provision of law. An appointment of a nominee under this subsection is an additional appointment and is not in place of an appointment otherwise authorized by law. 

(c) The failure of a member of a graduating class to complete 

the course with his class does not delay the appointment of his successor. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 430; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 3, Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 151; Pub. 

L. 90–374, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 2(4), Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; 

Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(2), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 

206, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1007; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(b)(2), title XIII, Sec. 

1322(a)(14), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1563, 1671; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(R), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 6957. Selection of persons from foreign countries 

(a)(1) The Secretary of the Navy may permit not more than 60 

persons at any one time from foreign countries to receive instruction at the Academy. Such persons shall be in addition to the authorized strength of the midshipmen under section 6954 of this 

title. 

(2) The Secretary of the Navy, upon approval by the Secretary 

of Defense, shall determine the countries from which persons may 

be selected for appointment under this section and the number of 

persons that may be selected from each country. The Secretary of 

the Navy may establish entrance qualifications and methods of 

competition for selection among individual applicants under this 

section and shall select those persons who will be permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section. 

(3) In selecting persons to receive instruction under this section 

from among applicants from the countries approved under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Navy shall give a priority to persons 

who have a national service obligation to their countries upon graduation from the Academy. 

(b)(1) A person receiving instruction under this section is entitled to the pay, allowances, and emoluments of a midshipman appointed from the United States, and from the same appropriations. 
§ 6957a CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1946 

(2) Each foreign country from which a midshipman is permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section 

shall reimburse the United States for the cost of providing such instruction, including the cost of pay, allowances, and emoluments 

provided under paragraph (1). The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe the rates for reimbursement under this paragraph, except 

that the reimbursement rates may not be less than the cost to the 

United States of providing such instruction, including pay, allowances, and emoluments, to a midshipman appointed from the 

United States. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense may waive, in whole or in part, 

the requirement for reimbursement of the cost of instruction for a 

midshipman under paragraph (2). In the case of a partial waiver, 

the Secretary shall establish the amount waived. 

(c)(1) Except as the Secretary of the Navy determines, a person 

receiving instruction under this section is subject to the same regulations governing admission, attendance, discipline, resignation, 

discharge, dismissal, and graduation as a midshipman at the Academy appointed from the United States. The Secretary may prescribe regulations with respect to access to classified information 

by a person receiving instruction under this section that differ from 

the regulations that apply to a midshipman at the Academy appointed from the United States. 

(2) A person receiving instruction under this section is not entitled to an appointment in an armed force of the United States by 

reason of graduation from the Academy. 

(d) A person receiving instruction under this section is not subject to section 6958(d) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 431; Sept. 24, 1983, Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1004(b)(1), 

97 Stat. 658; Nov. 18, 1997, Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Secs. 541(b), 543(b), 111 Stat. 1740, 

1743; Oct. 5, 1999, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 534(b), 113 Stat. 605; Oct. 30, 2000, 

Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 532(b)], 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–110; Dec. 28, 2001, 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(b)(1), (2), 115 Stat. 1106.) 

§ 6957a. Exchange program with foreign military academies 

(a) EXCHANGE PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may permit a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country to receive instruction at the Naval Academy in exchange for a midshipman receiving instruction at that foreign military academy pursuant to an exchange agreement entered into between the Secretary and appropriate officials of the foreign country. Students receiving instruction at the Academy under the exchange program shall be in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Academy under section 6957 of this title. 

(b) LIMITATIONS ON NUMBER AND DURATION OF EXCHANGES.— 

An exchange agreement under this section between the Secretary 

and a foreign country shall provide for the exchange of students on 

a one-for-one basis each fiscal year. Not more than 100 midshipmen and a comparable number of students from all foreign 

military academies participating in the exchange program may be 

exchanged during any fiscal year. The duration of an exchange may 

not exceed the equivalent of one academic semester at the Naval 

Academy. 

(c) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—(1) A student from a military academy of a foreign country is not entitled to the pay, allowances, and 
1947 § 6957b CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

emoluments of a midshipman by reason of attendance at the Naval 

Academy under the exchange program, and the Department of Defense may not incur any cost of international travel required for 

transportation of such a student to and from the sponsoring foreign 

country. 

(2) The Secretary may provide a student from a foreign country 

under the exchange program, during the period of the exchange, 

with subsistence, transportation within the continental United 

States, clothing, health care, and other services to the same extent 

that the foreign country provides comparable support and services 

to the exchanged midshipman in that foreign country. 

(3) The Naval Academy shall bear all costs of the exchange 

program from funds appropriated for the Academy and such additional funds as may be available to the Academy from a source 

other than appropriated funds to support cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with the exchange program. 

(4) Expenditures in support of the exchange program from 

funds appropriated for the Naval Academy may not exceed 

$1,000,000 during any fiscal year. 

(d) APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS.—Subsections (c) and (d) of 

section 6957 of this title shall apply with respect to a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country while attending 

the Naval Academy under the exchange program. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to 

implement this section. Such regulations may include qualification 

criteria and methods of selection for students of foreign military 

academies to participate in the exchange program. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 542(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1741; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 535(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 531(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2199.) 

§ 6957b. Foreign and cultural exchange activities 

(a) ATTENDANCE AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the Navy may 

authorize the Naval Academy to permit students, officers, and 

other representatives of a foreign country to attend the Naval 

Academy for periods of not more than two weeks if the Secretary 

determines that the attendance of such persons contributes significantly to the development of foreign language, cross cultural interactions and understanding, and cultural immersion of midshipmen. 

(b) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—The Secretary may pay the travel, 

subsistence, and similar personal expenses of persons incurred to 

attend the Naval Academy under subsection (a). 

(c) EFFECT OF ATTENDANCE.—Persons attending the Naval 

Academy under subsection (a) are not considered to be students enrolled at the Naval Academy and are in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Naval Academy under section 6957 or 6957a 

of this title. 

(d) SOURCE OF FUNDS; LIMITATION.—(1) The Naval Academy 

shall bear the costs of the attendance of persons under subsection 

(a) from funds appropriated for the Naval Academy and from such 

additional funds as may be available to the Naval Academy from 

a source, other than appropriated funds, to support cultural immer-
§ 6958 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1948 

sion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in 

connection with their attendance. 

(2) Expenditures from appropriated funds in support of activities under this section may not exceed $40,000 during any fiscal 

year. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 541(b)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4455.) 

§ 6958. Midshipmen: qualifications for admission 

(a) Each candidate for admission to the Naval Academy— 

(1) must be at least 17 years of age and must not have 

passed his twenty-third birthday on July 1 of the calendar year 

in which he enters the Academy; and 

(2) shall be examined according to such regulations as the 

Secretary of the Navy prescribes, and if rejected at one examination may not be examined again for admission to the same 

class unless recommended by the Academic Board. 

(b) Each candidate for admission nominated under clauses (3) 

through (9) of section 6954(a) of this title must be domiciled in the 

State, or in the congressional district, from which he is nominated, 

or in the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, 

Guam, or the Virgin Islands, if nominated from one of those places. 

(c) Each candidate nominated under clause (2) or (3) of section 

6954(b) of this title— 

(1) must be a citizen of the United States; 

(2) must have passed the required physical examination; 

and 

(3) shall be appointed in the order of merit from candidates who have, in competition with each other, passed the 

required mental examination. 

(d) To be admitted to the Naval Academy, an appointee must 

take and subscribe to an oath prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Navy. If a candidate for admission refuses to take and subscribe to 

the prescribed oath, the candidate’s appointment is terminated. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 431; Pub. L. 87–663, Sec. 1(4), Sept. 14, 1962, 76 Stat. 547; 

Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 2(5), Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 

532(b)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1563; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, Sec. 512, Dec. 5, 1991, 

105 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2527; Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1740.) 

§ 6959. Midshipmen: agreement for length of service 

(a) Each midshipman shall sign an agreement with respect to 

the midshipman’s length of service in the armed forces. The agreement shall provide that the midshipman agrees to the following: 

(1) That the midshipman will complete the course of instruction at the Naval Academy. 

(2) That upon graduation from the Naval Academy the 

midshipman— 

(A) will accept an appointment, if tendered, as a commissioned officer of the Regular Navy, the Regular Marine 

Corps, or the Regular Air Force; and 

(B) will serve on active duty for at least five years immediately after such appointment. 

(3) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) is 

not tendered or if the midshipman is permitted to resign as a 
1949 § 6959 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

regular officer before completion of the commissioned service 

obligation of the midshipman, the midshipman— 

(A) will accept an appointment as a commissioned officer in the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve or 

as a Reserve in the Air Force for service in the Air Force 

Reserve; and 

(B) will remain in that reserve component until completion of the commissioned service obligation of the midshipman. 

(4) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) or 

(3) is tendered and the midshipman participates in a program 

under section 2121 of this title, the midshipman will fulfill any 

unserved obligation incurred under this section on active duty, 

regardless of the type of appointment held, upon completion of, 

and in addition to, any service obligation incurred under section 2123 of this title for participation in such program. 

(b)(1) The Secretary of the Navy may transfer to the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve, and may order to active duty 

for such period of time as the Secretary prescribes (but not to exceed four years), a midshipman who breaches an agreement under 

subsection (a). The period of time for which a midshipman is ordered to active duty under this paragraph may be determined without regard to section 651(a) of this title. 

(2) A midshipman who is transferred to the Navy Reserve or 

Marine Corps Reserve under paragraph (1) shall be transferred in 

an appropriate enlisted grade or rating, as determined by the Secretary. 

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a midshipman shall be 

considered to have breached an agreement under subsection (a) if 

the midshipman is separated from the Naval Academy under circumstances which the Secretary determines constitute a breach by 

the midshipman of the midshipman’s agreement to complete the 

course of instruction at the Naval Academy and accept an appointment as a commissioned officer upon graduation from the Naval 

Academy. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe regulations to 

carry out this section. Those regulations shall include— 

(1) standards for determining what constitutes, for the 

purpose of subsection (b), a breach of an agreement under subsection (a); 

(2) procedures for determining whether such a breach has 

occurred; and 

(3) standards for determining the period of time for which 

a person may be ordered to serve on active duty under subsection (b). 

(d) In this section, ‘‘commissioned service obligation’’, with respect to an officer who is a graduate of the Academy, means the 

period beginning on the date of the officer’s appointment as a commissioned officer and ending on the sixth anniversary of such appointment or, at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, any 

later date up to the eighth anniversary of such appointment. 

(e)(1) This section does not apply to a midshipman who is not 

a citizen or national of the United States. 
§ 6960 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1950 

(2) In the case of a midshipman who is a minor and who has 

parents or a guardian, the midshipman may sign the agreement required by subsection (a) only with the consent of a parent or guardian. 

(f) A midshipman or former midshipman who does not fulfill 

the terms of the agreement as specified under subsection (a), or the 

alternative obligation imposed under subsection (b), shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 432; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 5(a), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 153; 

Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(19), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 

541(b), 542(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 512(b), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(c), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1439; Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(S), title VI, Sec. 687(c)(10), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3335; Pub. L. 

111–84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(29), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 111–383, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 554(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4221.) 

§ 6960. Midshipmen: clothing and equipment; uniform allowance 

The Secretary of the Navy may prescribe the amount to be 

credited to a midshipman, upon original admission to the Naval 

Academy, for the cost of his initial issue of clothing and equipment. 

That amount shall be deducted from his pay. If a midshipman is 

discharged before graduation while owing the United States for pay 

advanced for the purchase of required clothing and equipment, he 

shall turn in as much of his clothing and equipment of a distinctively military nature as is necessary to repay the amount advanced. If the value of the clothing and equipment turned in does 

not cover the amount owed, the indebtedness shall be canceled. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 432.) 

§ 6961. Midshipmen: dismissal for best interests of the service 

(a) Whenever the Superintendent of the Naval Academy believes that the continued presence of any midshipman at the Academy is contrary to the best interest of the service, he shall report 

in writing to the Secretary of the Navy a full statement of the facts 

upon which his belief is based. If the Secretary determines from 

the report that the Superintendent’s belief is well founded, the Secretary shall serve a copy of the report on the midshipman. Within 

such time as the Secretary considers reasonable, the midshipman 

shall show cause in writing why he should not be dismissed from 

the Academy. The Secretary, after consideration of any cause so 

shown, and with the written approval of the President, may dismiss the midshipman from the Academy and from the naval service. 

(b) The truth of any issue of fact raised under subsection (a), 

except as to the record of demerits, shall be determined by a court 

of inquiry convened by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 432.) 

§ 6962. Midshipmen: discharge for unsatisfactory conduct or 

inaptitude 

(a) The Superintendent of the Naval Academy shall submit to 

the Secretary of the Navy in writing a full report of the facts— 
1951 § 6965 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

(1) whenever the Superintendent determines that the conduct of a midshipman is unsatisfactory; or 

(2) whenever the Academic Board unanimously determines 

that midshipman possesses insufficient aptitude to become a 

commissioned officer in the naval service. 

(b) A midshipman upon whom a report is made under subsection (a) shall be given an opportunity to examine the report and 

submit a written statement thereon. If the Secretary believes, on 

the basis of the report and statement, that the determination of the 

Superintendent or of the Academic Board is reasonable and well 

founded, he may discharge the midshipman from the Naval Academy and from the naval service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 432.) 

§ 6963. Midshipmen: discharge for deficiency 

Midshipmen found deficient at any examination shall, unless 

the Academic Board recommends otherwise, be discharged from the 

Naval Academy and from the naval service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 433.) 

§ 6964. Hazing: definition; prohibition 

(a) In this chapter, the term ‘‘hazing’’ means any unauthorized 

assumption of authority by a midshipman whereby another midshipman suffers or is exposed to any cruelty, indignity, humiliation, 

hardship, or oppression, or the deprivation or abridgement of any 

right. 

(b) The Superintendent of the Naval Academy shall prescribe 

regulations, to be approved by the Secretary of the Navy, to prevent hazing. 

(c) Hazing is an offense that may be dealt with as an offense 

against good order and discipline or as a violation of the regulations of the Naval Academy. However, no midshipman may be dismissed for a single act of hazing except by sentence of a court-martial. 

(d) The finding and sentence of a court-martial of a midshipman for hazing shall be reviewed in the manner prescribed for 

general court-martial cases. 

(e) A midshipman who is sentenced to imprisonment for hazing 

may not be confined with persons who have been convicted of 

crimes or misdemeanors. 

(f) A midshipman who is dismissed from the Academy for hazing may not be reappointed as a midshipman or be appointed as 

a commissioned officer in the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps until two years after the graduation of the class of which he 

was a member. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 433; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(c)(2), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(e)(8), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1605.) 

§ 6965. Failure to report violation: dismissal 

(a) Each officer stationed at the Naval Academy, each midshipman officer, each midshipman petty officer, and each civilian 

member of the teaching staff of the Academy shall report promptly 

to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy any fact that tends 
§ 6966 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1952 

to show the commission of hazing or any violation of an Academy 

regulation by a midshipman. 

(b) An officer of the naval service who fails to make a report 

required by subsection (a) shall be tried by court-martial and if 

convicted shall be dismissed from the naval service. 

(c) A civilian member of the teaching staff of the Academy who 

fails to make a report required by subsection (a) shall, with the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, be dismissed by the Superintendent. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 433.) 

§ 6966. Course of study 

(a) The course at the Naval Academy is four years. 

(b) The Secretary of the Navy shall arrange the course so that 

classes will not be held on Sunday. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 434.) 

§ 6967. Degree on graduation 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, the 

Superintendent of the Naval Academy may confer the degree of 

bachelor of science upon graduates of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 434.) 

§ 6968. Board of Visitors 

(a) A Board of Visitors to the Naval Academy is constituted annually of— 

(1) the chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the Senate, or his designee; 

(2) three other members of the Senate designated by the 

Vice President or the President pro tempore of the Senate, two 

of whom are members of the Committee on Appropriations of 

the Senate; 

(3) the chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the House of Representatives, or his designee; 

(4) four other members of the House of Representatives 

designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 

two of whom are members of the Committee on Appropriations 

of the House of Representatives; and 

(5) six persons designated by the President. 

(b) The persons designated by the President serve for three 

years each except that any member whose term of office has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is appointed. The 

President shall designate two persons each year to succeed the 

members whose terms expire that year. 

(c) If a member of the Board dies or resigns, a successor shall 

be designated for the unexpired portion of the term by the official 

who designated the member. 

(d) The Board shall visit the Academy annually. With the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, the Board or its members may 

make other visits to the Academy in connection with the duties of 

the Board or to consult with the Superintendent of the Academy. 

(e) The Board shall inquire into the state of morale and discipline, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal af-
1953 § 6970a CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

fairs, academic methods, and other matters relating to the Academy that the Board decides to consider. 

(f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board shall submit a written report to the President of its action and of its views 

and recommendations pertaining to the Academy. Any report of a 

visit, other than the annual visit, shall, if approved by a majority 

of the members of the Board, be submitted to the President within 

60 days after the approval. 

(g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call in advisers for consultation. 

(h) While performing his duties, each member of the Board and 

each adviser shall be reimbursed under Government travel regulations for his travel expenses. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 434; Pub. L. 96–579, Sec. 13(b), Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3369; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(e)(2), title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(12), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.) 

§ 6969. Band: composition 

(a) The Naval Academy Band shall be composed of one leader, 

one second leader, and such enlisted members of the Navy as may 

be assigned. 

(b) In determining years of service for the purpose of retirement, and in determining eligibility for reenlistment bonus, the 

members who are assigned as leader and second leader shall be 

treated as if they had not been so assigned. 

(c) The enlisted members assigned to the Naval Academy Band 

shall be distributed in grade substantially the same as in the 

United States Navy Band. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 435; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(52), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

501.) 

§ 6970. Permanent professors: promotion 

(a) PROMOTION.—An officer serving as a permanent professor 

may be recommended for promotion to the grade of captain or colonel, as the case may be, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. The regulations shall include a competitive selection board process to identify those permanent professors best 

qualified for promotion. An officer so recommended shall be promoted by appointment to the higher grade by the President, by and 

with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE OF PROMOTION.—If made, the promotion of 

an officer under subsection (a) shall be effective not earlier than 

three years after the selection of the officer as a permanent professor as described in that subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a)(1)(B), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 97.) 

§ 6970a. Permanent professors: retirement for years of service; authority for deferral 

(a) RETIREMENT FOR YEARS OF SERVICE.—(1) Except as provided in subsection (b), an officer of the Navy or Marine Corps 

serving as a permanent professor at the Naval Academy in the 

grade of commander or lieutenant colonel who is not on a list of 

officers recommended for promotion to the grade of captain or colonel, as the case may be, shall, if not earlier retired, be retired on 
§ 6971 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1954 

the first day of the month after the month in which the officer completes 28 years of active commissioned service. 

(2) Except as provided in subsection (b), an officer of the Navy 

or Marine Corps serving as a permanent professor at the Naval 

Academy in the grade of captain or colonel who is not on a list of 

officers recommended for promotion to the grade of rear admiral 

(lower half) or brigadier general, as the case may be, shall, if not 

earlier retired, be retired on the first day of the month after the 

month in which the officer completes 30 years of active commissioned service. 

(b) CONTINUATION ON ACTIVE DUTY.—(1) An officer subject to 

retirement under subsection (a) may have his retirement deferred 

and be continued on active duty by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) Subject to section 1252 of this title, the Secretary of the 

Navy shall determine the period of any continuation on active duty 

under this section. 

(c) ELIGIBILITY FOR PROMOTION.—A permanent professor at the 

Naval Academy in the grade of commander or lieutenant colonel 

who is continued on active duty as a permanent professor under 

subsection (b) remains eligible for consideration for promotion to 

the grade of captain or colonel, as the case may be. 

(d) RETIRED GRADE AND RETIRED PAY.—Each officer retired 

under this section— 

(1) unless otherwise entitled to a higher grade, shall be retired in the grade determined under section 1370 of this title; 

and 

(2) is entitled to retired pay computed under section 6333 

of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 509(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3229, Sec. 6970; 

renumbered Sec. 6970a, Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a)(1)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 

Stat. 97.) 

§ 6971. Midshipmen’s store, trade shops, dairy, and laundry: 

nonappropriated fund instrumentality and accounts 

(a) OPERATION AS NONAPPROPRIATED FUND INSTRUMENTALITY.—The Superintendent of the Naval Academy shall operate 

the Naval Academy activities referred to in subsection (b) as a nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the 

Navy. 

(b) COVERED ACTIVITIES.—The nonappropriated fund instrumentality required under subsection (a) shall consist of the following Naval Academy activities: 

(1) The midshipmen’s store. 

(2) The barber shop. 

(3) The cobbler shop. 

(4) The tailor shop. 

(5) The dairy (if any). 

(6) The laundry. 

(c) NONAPPROPRIATED FUND ACCOUNTS.—The Superintendent 

of the Naval Academy shall administer a separate nonappropriated 

fund account for each of the Naval Academy activities included in 

the nonappropriated fund instrumentality required under subsection (a). 
1955 § 6973 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

(d) CREDITING OF REVENUE.—The Superintendent shall credit 

all revenue received from a Naval Academy activity referred to in 

subsection (b) to the account administered with respect to that activity under subsection (c), and amounts so credited shall be available for operating expenses of that activity. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—This section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 435; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 38, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120; 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, Sec. 376, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2736; Pub. L. 104–201, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 370(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2498; Pub. L. 105–85, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 

2871(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2015.) 

§ 6972. Chapel: crypt and window spaces 

The crypt and window spaces of the Naval Academy Chapel 

may be used only for memorials to officers of the Navy who have 

successfully commanded a fleet or squadron in battle or who have 

received the thanks of Congress for conspicuously distinguished 

services in time of war. No memorial to an officer may be accepted 

for, or installed in, the crypt or window spaces until at least five 

years after the death of that officer. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 435.) 

§ 6973. Gifts, bequests, and loans of property: acceptance for 

benefit and use of Naval Academy 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may accept, hold, administer, 

and spend any gift or bequest of personal property, and may accept, hold, and administer any loan of personal property other than 

money, that is made on the condition that it be used for the benefit 

of, or for use in connection with, the Naval Academy or the Naval 

Academy Museum, its collection, or its services. Gifts and bequests 

of money and the proceeds from the sales of property received as 

gifts shall be deposited in the Treasury in the fund called ‘‘United 

States Naval Academy Gift and Museum Fund’’. The Secretary 

may disburse funds deposited under this subsection for the benefit 

or use of the Naval Academy (including the Naval Academy Museum) subject to the terms of the gift or bequest. 

(b) The Secretary shall prescribe written guidelines to be used 

for determinations of whether the acceptance of money, any personal property, or any loan of personal property under subsection 

(a) would reflect unfavorably on the ability of the Department of 

the Navy or any officer or employee of the Department of the Navy 

to carry out responsibilities or duties in a fair and objective manner, or would compromise either the integrity or the appearance of 

the integrity of any program of the Department of the Navy or any 

officer or employee of the Department of the Navy who is involved 

in any such program. 

(c) For the purpose of Federal income, estate, and gift taxes, 

property that is accepted under this section is considered as a gift 

or bequest to or for the use of the United States. 

(d) Upon the request of the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury may invest, reinvest, or retain investments 

of money or securities comprising any part of the United States 

Naval Academy Gift and Museum Fund in securities of the United 

States or in securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by 

the United States. The interest and benefits accruing from those 
§ 6974 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1956 

securities shall be deposited to the credit of the United States 

Naval Academy Gift and Museum Fund and may be disbursed as 

provided in this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 436; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IX, Sec. 942(c)], 

Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–241.) 

§ 6974. United States Naval Academy Museum Fund: references to Fund 

Any reference in a law, regulation, document, paper, or other 

record of the United States to the United States Naval Academy 

Museum Fund formerly maintained under this section shall be 

deemed to refer to the United States Naval Academy Gift and Museum Fund maintained under section 6973 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 436; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IX, Sec. 942(d)(1)], 

Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–242.) 

§ 6975. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major 

projects 

(a) ACCEPTANCE AUTHORITY.—Subject to subsection (c), the 

Secretary of the Navy may accept from a donor or donors a qualified guarantee for the completion of a major project for the benefit 

of the Naval Academy. 

(b) OBLIGATION AUTHORITY.—The amount of a qualified guarantee accepted under this section shall be considered as contract 

authority to provide obligation authority for purposes of Federal 

fiscal and contractual requirements. Funds available for a project 

for which such a guarantee has been accepted may be obligated 

and expended for the project without regard to whether the total 

amount of the funds and other resources available for the project 

(not taking into account the amount of the guarantee) is sufficient 

to pay for completion of the project. 

(c) NOTICE OF PROPOSED ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may not accept a qualified guarantee under this section for 

the completion of a major project until after the expiration of 30 

days following the date upon which a report of the facts concerning 

the proposed guarantee is submitted to Congress or, if earlier, the 

expiration of 14 days following the date on which a copy of the report is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 

of this title. 

(d) PROHIBITION ON COMMINGLING OF FUNDS.—The Secretary 

of the Navy may not enter into any contract or other transaction 

involving the use of a qualified guarantee and appropriated funds 

in the same contract or transaction. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) MAJOR PROJECT.—The term ‘‘major project’’ means a 

project for the purchase or other procurement of real or personal property, or for the construction, renovation, or repair of 

real or personal property, the total cost of which is, or is estimated to be, at least $1,000,000. 

(2) QUALIFIED GUARANTEE.—The term ‘‘qualified guarantee’’, with respect to a major project, means a guarantee 

that— 

(A) is made by one or more persons in connection with 

a donation, specifically for the project, of a total amount in 
1957 § 6975 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

cash or securities that, as determined by the Secretary of 

the Navy, is sufficient to defray a substantial portion of 

the total cost of the project; 

(B) is made to facilitate or expedite the completion of 

the project in reasonable anticipation that other donors 

will contribute sufficient funds or other resources in 

amounts sufficient to pay for completion of the project; 

(C) is set forth as a written agreement that provides 

for the donor to furnish in cash or securities, in addition 

to the donor’s other gift or gifts for the project, any additional amount that may become necessary for paying the 

cost of completing the project by reason of a failure to obtain from other donors or sources funds or other resources 

in amounts sufficient to pay the cost of completing the 

project; and 

(D) is accompanied by— 

(i) an irrevocable and unconditional standby letter 

of credit for the benefit of the Naval Academy that is 

in the amount of the guarantee and is issued by a 

major United States commercial bank; or 

(ii) a qualified account control agreement. 

(3) QUALIFIED ACCOUNT CONTROL AGREEMENT.—The term 

‘‘qualified account control agreement’’, with respect to a guarantee of a donor, means an agreement among the donor, the 

Secretary of the Navy, and a major United States investment 

management firm that— 

(A) ensures the availability of sufficient funds or other 

financial resources to pay the amount guaranteed during 

the period of the guarantee; 

(B) provides for the perfection of a security interest in 

the assets of the account for the United States for the benefit of the Naval Academy with the highest priority available for liens and security interests under applicable law; 

(C) requires the donor to maintain in an account with 

the investment management firm assets having a total 

value that is not less than 130 percent of the amount guaranteed; and 

(D) requires the investment management firm, at any 

time that the value of the account is less than the value 

required to be maintained under subparagraph (C), to liquidate any noncash assets in the account and reinvest the 

proceeds in Treasury bills issued under section 3104 of 

title 31. 

(4) MAJOR UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL BANK.—The term 

‘‘major United States commercial bank’’ means a commercial 

bank that— 

(A) is an insured bank (as defined in section 3 of 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)); 

(B) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(C) has net assets in a total amount considered by 

the Secretary of the Navy to qualify the bank as a 

major bank. 

(5) MAJOR UNITED STATES INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

FIRM.—The term ‘‘major United States investment manage-
§ 6976 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1958 

ment firm’’ means any broker, dealer, investment adviser, or 

provider of investment supervisory services (as defined in section 3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c) 

or section 202 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 

U.S.C. 80b–2)) or a major United States commercial bank 

that— 

(A) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(B) holds for the account of others investment assets in a total amount considered by the Secretary of 

the Navy to qualify the firm as a major investment 

management firm. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2871(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 873; amended Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title X, Sec. 1087(a)(17)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–291; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(56), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603.) 

§ 6976. Operation of Naval Academy dairy farm 

(a) DISCRETION REGARDING CONTINUED OPERATION.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Navy may terminate or 

reduce the dairy or other operations conducted at the Naval Academy dairy farm located in Gambrills, Maryland. 

(2) Notwithstanding the termination or reduction of operations 

at the Naval Academy dairy farm under paragraph (1), the real 

property containing the dairy farm (consisting of approximately 

875 acres)— 

(A) may not be declared to be excess real property to the 

needs of the Navy or transferred or otherwise disposed of by 

the Navy or any Federal agency; and 

(B) shall be maintained in its rural and agricultural nature. 

(b) LEASE AUTHORITY.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), to the extent that the termination or reduction of operations at the Naval 

Academy dairy farm permit, the Secretary of the Navy may lease 

the real property containing the dairy farm, and any improvements 

and personal property thereon, to such persons and under such 

terms as the Secretary considers appropriate. In leasing any of the 

property, the Secretary may give a preference to persons who will 

continue dairy operations on the property. 

(2) Any lease of property at the Naval Academy dairy farm 

shall be subject to a condition that the lessee maintain the rural 

and agricultural nature of the leased property. 

(c) LEASE PROCEEDS.—All money received from a lease entered 

into under subsection (b) shall be retained by the Superintendent 

of the Naval Academy and shall be available to cover expenses related to the property described in subsection (a), including reimbursing nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the Naval Academy. 

(d) EFFECT OF OTHER LAWS.—Nothing in section 6971 of this 

title shall be construed to require the Secretary of the Navy or the 

Superintendent of the Naval Academy to operate a dairy farm for 

the Naval Academy in Gambrills, Maryland, or any other location. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2871(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2014; 

amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2814, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 851.) 
1959 § 6978 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

§ 6977. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, 

and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized 

grantees 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may authorize the Superintendent of the Academy to accept 

qualifying research grants under this section. Any such grant may 

only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out 

by a professor or instructor of the Academy for a scientific, literary, 

or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The Superintendent shall use the funds 

in the account in accordance with applicable regulations and the 

terms and conditions of the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Academy may be used to pay expenses incurred by the Academy 

in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, award of a qualifying research grant. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe 

regulations for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1063(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2130.) 

§ 6978. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds 

(a) AUTHORITY.—In the case of a Naval Academy mixed-funded 

athletic or recreational extracurricular program, the Secretary of 

the Navy may designate funds appropriated to the Department of 

the Navy and available for that program to be treated as nonappropriated funds and expended for that program in accordance 

with laws applicable to the expenditure of nonappropriated funds. 

Appropriated funds so designated shall be considered to be nonappropriated funds for all purposes and shall remain available 

until expended. 

(b) COVERED PROGRAMS.—In this section, the term ‘‘Naval 

Academy mixed-funded athletic or recreational extracurricular program’’ means an athletic or recreational extracurricular program of 

the Naval Academy to which each of the following applies: 

(1) The program is not considered a morale, welfare, or 

recreation program. 

(2) The program is supported through appropriated funds. 
§ 6979 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1960 

(3) The program is supported by a nonappropriated fund 

instrumentality. 

(4) The program is not a private organization and is not 

operated by a private organization. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 544(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1906.) 

§ 6979. Midshipmen: charges and fees for attendance; limitation 

(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection (b), no 

charge or fee for tuition, room, or board for attendance at the 

Naval Academy may be imposed unless the charge or fee is specifically authorized by a law enacted after October 5, 1994. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition specified in subsection (a) 

does not apply with respect to any item or service provided to midshipmen for which a charge or fee is imposed as of October 5, 1994. 

The Secretary of Defense shall notify Congress of any change made 

by the Naval Academy in the amount of a charge or fee authorized 

under this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 545(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1908.) 

§ 6980. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence 

(a) REQUIRED POLICY.—Under guidance prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy shall direct the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to prescribe a policy on sexual 

harassment and sexual violence applicable to the midshipmen and 

other personnel of the Naval Academy. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE SPECIFIED IN POLICY.—The policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence prescribed under this section 

shall include specification of the following: 

(1) Programs to promote awareness of the incidence of 

rape, acquaintance rape, and other sexual offenses of a criminal nature that involve midshipmen or other Academy personnel. 

(2) Procedures that a midshipman should follow in the 

case of an occurrence of sexual harassment or sexual violence, 

including— 

(A) if the midshipman chooses to report an occurrence 

of sexual harassment or sexual violence, a specification of 

the person or persons to whom the alleged offense should 

be reported and the options for confidential reporting; 

(B) a specification of any other person whom the victim should contact; and 

(C) procedures on the preservation of evidence potentially necessary for proof of criminal sexual assault. 

(3) Procedures for disciplinary action in cases of alleged 

criminal sexual assault involving a midshipman or other Academy personnel. 

(4) Any other sanction authorized to be imposed in a substantiated case of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving a midshipman or other Academy personnel in rape, acquaintance rape, or any other criminal sexual offense, whether 

forcible or nonforcible. 

(5) Required training on the policy for all midshipmen and 

other Academy personnel, including the specific training re-
1961 § 6980 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 

quired for personnel who process allegations of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(c) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, 

through the Secretary of the Navy, shall direct the Superintendent 

to conduct at the Academy during each Academy program year an 

assessment, to be administered by the Department of Defense, to 

determine the effectiveness of the policies, training, and procedures 

of the Academy with respect to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(2) For the assessment at the Academy under paragraph (1) 

with respect to an Academy program year that begins in an oddnumbered calendar year, the Secretary of the Navy shall conduct 

a survey, to be administered by the Department of Defense, of 

Academy personnel— 

(A) to measure— 

(i) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have been reported to officials of the 

Academy; and 

(ii) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have not been reported to officials of 

the Academy; and 

(B) to assess the perceptions of Academy personnel of— 

(i) the policies, training, and procedures on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; 

(ii) the enforcement of such policies; 

(iii) the incidence of sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; and 

(iv) any other issues relating to sexual harassment 

and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Secretary of the Navy shall direct the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to submit to the 

Secretary a report on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving midshipmen or other personnel at the Academy for each 

Academy program year. 

(2) Each report under paragraph (1) shall include, for the 

Academy program year covered by the report, the following: 

(A) The number of sexual assaults, rapes, and other sexual 

offenses involving midshipmen or other Academy personnel 

that have been reported to Naval Academy officials during the 

program year and, of those reported cases, the number that 

have been substantiated. 

(B) The policies, procedures, and processes implemented by 

the Secretary of the Navy and the leadership of the Naval 

Academy in response to sexual harassment and sexual violence 

involving midshipmen or other Academy personnel during the 

program year. 

(C) A plan for the actions that are to be taken in the following Academy program year regarding prevention of and response to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving 

midshipmen or other Academy personnel. 

(3) Each report under paragraph (1) for an Academy program 

year that begins in an odd-numbered calendar year shall include 
§ 6980 CH. 603—UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 1962 

the results of the survey conducted in that program year under 

subsection (c)(2). 

(4)(A) The Secretary of the Navy shall transmit to the Secretary of Defense, and to the Board of Visitors of the Naval Academy, each report received by the Secretary under this subsection, 

together with the Secretary’s comments on the report. 

(B) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit each such report, 

together with the Secretary’s comments on the report, to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2201.) 
1963 

CHAPTER 605—UNITED STATES NAVAL POSTGRADUATE 

SCHOOL 

Sec. 

7041. Function. 

7042. President; assistants. 

7043. Provost and Academic Dean. 

7044. Civilian teachers: number; compensation. 

7045. Officers of the other armed forces; enlisted members: admission. 

7046. Officers of foreign countries: admission. 

7047. Students at institutions of higher education: admission. 

7048. Degree granting authority for United States Naval Postgraduate School. 

7049. Defense industry civilians: admission to defense product development program. 

7050. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance, authorized grantees. 

§ 7041. Function 

There is a United States Naval Postgraduate School, the primary function of which is to provide advanced instruction and professional and technical education and research opportunities for 

commissioned officers of the naval service in— 

(1) their practical and theoretical duties; 

(2) the science, physics, and systems engineering of current 

and future naval warfare doctrine, operations, and systems; 

and 

(3) the integration of naval operations and systems into 

joint, combined, and multinational operations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 437; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(a), Jan. 6, 

2006, 119 Stat. 3244.) 

§ 7042. President; assistants 

(a)(1) The President of the Naval Postgraduate School shall be 

one of the following: 

(A) An active-duty officer of the Navy or Marine Corps in 

a grade not below the grade of captain or colonel, respectively, 

who is assigned or detailed to such position. 

(B) A civilian individual, including an individual who was 

retired from the Navy or Marine Corps in a grade not below 

captain, or colonel, respectively, who has the qualifications appropriate to the position of President and is selected by the 

Secretary of the Navy as the best qualified from among candidates for the position in accordance with— 

(i) the criteria specified in paragraph (4); 

(ii) a process determined by the Secretary; and 

(iii) other factors the Secretary considers essential. 

(2) Before making an assignment, detail, or selection of an individual for the position of President of the Naval Postgraduate 

School, the Secretary shall— 

(A) consult with the Board of Advisors for the Naval Postgraduate School; 
§ 7043 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 1964 

(B) consider any recommendation of the leadership and 

faculty of the Naval Postgraduate School regarding the assignment or selection to that position; and 

(C) consider the recommendations of the Chief of Naval 

Operations and the Commandant of the Marine Corps. 

(3) An individual selected for the position of President of the 

Naval Postgraduate School under paragraph (1)(B) shall serve in 

that position for a term of not more than five years and may be 

continued in that position for an additional term of up to five years. 

(4) The qualifications appropriate for selection of an individual 

for detail or assignment to the position of President of the Naval 

Postgraduate School include the following: 

(A) An academic degree that is either— 

(i) a doctorate degree in a field of study relevant to the 

mission and function of the Naval Postgraduate School; or 

(ii) a master’s degree in a field of study relevant to the 

mission and function of the Naval Postgraduate School, 

but only if— 

(I) the individual is an active-duty or retired officer of the Navy or Marine Corps in a grade not below 

the grade of captain or colonel, respectively; and 

(II) at the time of the selection of that individual 

as President, the individual permanently appointed to 

the position of Provost and Academic Dean has a doctorate degree in such a field of study. 

(B) A comprehensive understanding of the Department of 

the Navy, the Department of Defense, and joint and combined 

operations. 

(C) Leadership experience at the senior level in a large 

and diverse organization. 

(D) Demonstrated ability to foster and encourage a program of research in order to sustain academic excellence. 

(E) Other qualifications, as determined by the Secretary of 

the Navy. 

(b) The Secretary shall detail officers of the Navy and the Marine Corps of appropriate grades and qualifications to assist the 

President in— 

(1) the advanced instruction and professional and technical 

education of students and the provision of research opportunities for students; and 

(2) the administration of the Postgraduate School. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 437; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 503(53), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2915; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(a)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915; 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Secs. 523(b), 524, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3244, 3245; Pub. L. 

109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 508, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2180; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1075(b)(49), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4371.) 

§ 7043. Provost and Academic Dean 

(a) There is at the Naval Postgraduate School the civilian position of Provost and Academic Dean. The Provost and Academic 

Dean shall be appointed, to serve for periods of not more than five 

years, by the Secretary of the Navy. Before making an appointment 

to the position of Provost and Academic Dean, the Secretary shall 

consult with the Board of Advisors for the Naval Postgraduate 

School and shall consider any recommendation of the leadership 
1965 § 7045 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

and faculty of the Naval Postgraduate School regarding an appointment to that position. 

(b) The Provost and Academic Dean is entitled to such compensation for his services as the Secretary prescribes, but not more 

than the rate of compensation authorized for level IV of the Executive Schedule. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 437; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(148), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1513; 

Pub. L. 89–536, Aug. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(22), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 551(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1748; Pub. 

L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(b)(3), (4), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915, 1916.) 

§ 7044. Civilian teachers: number; compensation 

The Secretary of the Navy may employ as many civilians as he 

considers necessary to serve at the Naval Postgraduate School 

under the direction of the President of the school as senior professors, professors, associate professors, assistant professors, and instructors. The Secretary shall prescribe the compensation of those 

persons. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 437; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(a)(4)(A), Oct. 

28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915.) 

§ 7045. Officers of the other armed forces; enlisted members: 

admission 

(a)(1) The Secretary of the Navy may permit officers of the 

Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard to receive instruction at the 

Naval Postgraduate School. The numbers and grades of such officers shall be as agreed upon by the Secretary of the Navy with the 

Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Air Force, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, respectively. 

(2)(A) The Secretary may permit an enlisted member of the 

armed forces to receive instruction at the Naval Postgraduate 

School through attendance at an executive level seminar. 

(B) The Secretary may permit an eligible enlisted member of 

the armed forces to receive instruction at the Postgraduate School 

in connection with pursuit of a program of education in information 

assurance as a participant in the Information Security Scholarship 

program under chapter 112 of this title. To be eligible for instruction under this subparagraph, the enlisted member must have been 

awarded a baccalaureate degree by an institution of higher education. 

(C) The Secretary may permit an eligible enlisted member of 

the armed forces to receive instruction from the Postgraduate 

School in certificate programs and courses required for the performance of the member’s duties. 

(D)(i) The Secretary may permit an eligible enlisted member of 

the armed forces to receive graduate-level instruction at the Naval 

Postgraduate School in a program leading to a master’s degree in 

a technical, analytical, or engineering curriculum. 

(ii) To be eligible to be provided instruction under this subparagraph, the enlisted member must have been awarded a baccalaureate degree by an institution of higher education. 

(iii) Instruction under this subparagraph may be provided only 

on a space-available basis. 
§ 7046 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 1966 

(iv) An enlisted member who successfully completes a course of 

instruction under this subparagraph may be awarded a master’s 

degree under section 7048 of this title. 

(v) Instruction under this subparagraph shall be provided pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary. Such regulations 

may include criteria for eligibility of enlisted members for instruction under this subparagraph and specification of obligations for 

further service in the armed forces relating to receipt of such instruction. 

(E) In addition to instruction authorized under subparagraphs 

(A), (B), (C), and (D), the Secretary may, on a space-available basis, 

permit an enlisted member of the armed forces who is assigned 

permanently to the staff of the Postgraduate School or to a nearby 

command to receive instruction at the Postgraduate School. 

(b)(1) Except as provided under paragraph (3), the Department 

of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, and the Department 

of Homeland Security shall bear the cost of the instruction received 

by the members detailed for that instruction by the Secretary of 

the Army, the Secretary of the Air Force, and the Secretary of 

Homeland Security, respectively. 

(2) In the case of an enlisted member permitted under subsection (a)(2)(E) to receive instruction at the Postgraduate School 

on a space-available basis, the Secretary of the Navy shall charge 

that member only for such costs and fees as the Secretary considers 

appropriate. 

(3) The requirements for payment of costs and fees under paragraph (1) shall be subject to such exceptions as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe for members of the armed forces who receive 

instruction at the Postgraduate School in connection with pursuit 

of a degree or certification as participants in the Information Security Scholarship program under chapter 112 of this title. 

(c) While receiving instruction at the Postgraduate School, 

members of the Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard are subject to 

such regulations, as determined appropriate by the Secretary of the 

Navy, as apply to students who are members of the naval service. 

(d) The Secretary may not award a baccalaureate, masters, or 

doctorate degree to an enlisted member based upon instruction received at the Postgraduate School under subsection (a)(2)(C). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 437; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(23), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 551(a), (b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1747; 

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1069(a)(6), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2136; Pub. L. 107– 

296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(5), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 532, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 526(a), (b), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3245, 3246; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(a)–(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 

120 Stat. 2213.) 

§ 7046. Officers of foreign countries: admission 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy, upon authorization of the President, may permit commissioned officers of the military services of 

foreign countries to receive instruction at the Naval Postgraduate 

School. 

(b) Officers receiving instruction under this section are subject 

to the same regulations governing attendance, discipline, discharge, 

and standards of study as apply to students who are officers of the 

United States naval service. 
1967 § 7048 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

(c) No officer of a foreign country is entitled to an appointment 

in the Navy or the Marine Corps by reason of his completion of the 

prescribed course of study at the Postgraduate School. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 438.) 

§ 7047. Students at institutions of higher education: admission 

(a) ADMISSION PURSUANT TO RECIPROCAL AGREEMENT.—The 

Secretary of the Navy may enter into an agreement with an accredited institution of higher education to permit a student described 

in subsection (b) enrolled at that institution to receive instruction 

at the Naval Postgraduate School on a tuition-free basis. In exchange for the admission of the student, the institution of higher 

education shall be required to permit an officer of the armed forces 

to attend on a tuition-free basis courses offered by that institution 

corresponding in length to the instruction provided to the student 

at the Naval Postgraduate School. 

(b) ELIGIBLE STUDENTS.—A student enrolled at an institution 

of higher education that is party to an agreement under subsection 

(a) may be admitted to the Naval Postgraduate School pursuant to 

that agreement if— 

(1) the student is a citizen of the United States or lawfully 

admitted for permanent residence in the United States; and 

(2) the Secretary of the Navy determines that the student 

has a demonstrated ability in a field of study designated by the 

Secretary as related to naval warfare and national security. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2510.) 

§ 7048. Degree granting authority for United States Naval 

Postgraduate School 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Navy, the President of the Naval Postgraduate School may, 

upon the recommendation of the faculty of the Naval Postgraduate 

School, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates who meet the 

degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the Naval Postgraduate School is accredited by the appropriate civilian academic accrediting agency or organization 

to award the degree, as determined by the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 
§ 7049 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 1968 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the 

Naval Postgraduate School to award any new or existing degree. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 438, Sec. 7047; renumbered Sec. 7048, Pub. L. 102–484, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2510; amended Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 557(a)(4)(B), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 

543(e)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4460.) 

§ 7049. Defense industry civilians: admission to defense 

product development program 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR ADMISSION.—The Secretary of the Navy 

may permit eligible defense industry employees to receive instruction at the Naval Postgraduate School in accordance with this section. Any such defense industry employee may only be enrolled in, 

and may only be provided instruction in, a program leading to a 

masters’s degree in a curriculum related to defense product development and systems engineering. No more than 125 such defense 

industry employees may be enrolled at any one time. Upon successful completion of the course of instruction in which enrolled, any 

such defense industry employee may be awarded an appropriate 

degree under section 7048 of this title. 

(b) ELIGIBLE DEFENSE INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES.—For purposes of 

this section, an eligible defense industry employee is an individual 

employed by a private firm that is engaged in providing to the Department of Defense significant and substantial defense-related 

systems, products, or services. A defense industry employee admitted for instruction at the school remains eligible for such instruction only so long at that person remains employed by the same 

firm. 

(c) ANNUAL DETERMINATION BY THE SECRETARY OF THE

NAVY.—Defense industry employees may receive instruction at the 

school during any academic year only if, before the start of that 

academic year, the Secretary of the Navy determines that providing instruction to defense industry employees under this section 

during that year— 

(1) will further the military mission of the school; 

(2) will enhance the ability of the Department of Defense 

and defense-oriented private sector contractors engaged in the 

design and development of defense systems to reduce the product and project lead times required to bring such systems to 

initial operational capability; and 

(3) will be done on a space-available basis and not require 

an increase in the size of the faculty of the school, an increase 
1969 § 7050 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

in the course offerings of the school, or an increase in the laboratory facilities or other infrastructure of the school. 

(d) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary of the Navy shall 

ensure that— 

(1) the curriculum for the defense product development 

program in which defense industry employees may be enrolled 

under this section is not readily available through other 

schools and concentrates on defense product development functions that are conducted by military organizations and defense 

contractors working in close cooperation; and 

(2) the course offerings at the school continue to be determined solely by the needs of the Department of Defense. 

(e) TUITION.—The President of the school shall charge tuition 

for students enrolled under this section at a rate not less than the 

rate charged for employees of the United States outside the Department of the Navy. 

(f) STANDARDS OF CONDUCT.—While receiving instruction at 

the school, students enrolled under this section, to the extent practicable, are subject to the same regulations governing academic 

performance, attendance, norms of behavior, and enrollment as 

apply to Government civilian employees receiving instruction at the 

school. 

(g) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts received by the school for instruction of students enrolled under this section shall be retained 

by the school to defray the costs of such instruction. The source, 

and the disposition, of such funds shall be specifically identified in 

records of the school. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 535(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–112; amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(57), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 

1603; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(a)(4)(B), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915; Pub. L. 

109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 525, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3245; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title 

V, Sec. 542, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4456.) 

§ 7050. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, 

and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized 

grantees 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may authorize the President of the Naval Postgraduate 

School to accept qualifying research grants. Any such grant may 

only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out 

by a professor or instructor of the School for a scientific, literary, 

or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The President of the Naval Postgraduate 

School shall use the funds in the account in accordance with appli-
§ 7050 CH. 605—U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 1970 

cable provisions of the regulations and the terms and condition of 

the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Naval Postgraduate School may be used to pay expenses incurred 

by the School in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, the award 

of qualifying research grants. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations 

for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(c)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3241.) 
1971 

CHAPTER 607—RETIREMENT OF CIVILIAN MEMBERS OF 

THE TEACHING STAFFS OF THE UNITED STATES 

NAVAL ACADEMY AND UNITED STATES NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 

Sec. 

7081. Civilian member: definition; exceptions. 

7082. Deferred annuity policy required. 

7083. Annuity premium to be paid by monthly installments; government reimbursement. 

7084. Age of retirement. 

7085. Computation of life annuity. 

7086. Physical disability retirement. 

7087. Election of annuity for self and beneficiary. 

7088. Regulations. 

§ 7081. Civilian member: definition; exceptions 

(a) In this chapter, the term ‘‘civilian member’’ means a civilian member of the teaching staff of the United States Naval Academy or the United States Naval Postgraduate School. It includes 

the Provost and Academic Dean of the Postgraduate School, senior 

professors, professors, associate professors, assistant professors, 

chief instructors, assistant chief instructors, and instructors. 

(b) This chapter does not apply to any civilian member who 

was employed at the Naval Academy or the Postgraduate School on 

January 16, 1936, and who did not elect to participate in the benefits provided by the Act of January 16, 1936, ch. 3 (49 Stat. 1092). 

(c) This chapter does not apply to any person who was a civilian member after September 30, 1956. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 438; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(149), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1513; 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(e)(8), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 108– 

375, div. A, title V, Sec. 557(b)(4), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1916.) 

§ 7082. Deferred annuity policy required 

Each civilian member, as a part of his contract of employment, 

shall carry, during his employment, a deferred annuity policy, having no cash surrender or loan provision, in a joint-stock life insurance corporation that is incorporated under the laws of a State and 

has a charter restriction that its business must be conducted without profit to its stockholders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 439.) 

§ 7083. Annuity premium to be paid by monthly installments; government reimbursement 

Each civilian member shall make a monthly allotment in an 

amount equal to 10 percent of his monthly basic salary toward the 

purchase of his deferred annuity policy. For each month the allotment is in force, the pay account of the civilian member shall be 

credited monthly from appropriations made for this purpose with 
§ 7084 CH. 607—RETIREMENT OF CIVILIAN TEACHING STAFFS 1972 

an additional amount equal to 5 percent of his monthly basic salary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 439; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 39, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120.) 

§ 7084. Age of retirement 

A civilian member may be retired at any time after his sixtyfifth birthday, and shall be retired by June 30 following that birthday. However, in any special case the Secretary of the Navy may 

defer the retirement of a member until a date not later than the 

member’s seventieth birthday. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 439.) 

§ 7085. Computation of life annuity 

Each civilian member who retires under section 7084 of this 

title is entitled to a life annuity computed by multiplying his average annual compensation during any five consecutive years of allowable service, at his option, by his number of years of service, not 

exceeding 35, and dividing the product by 70. The retirement annuity payable to a retired civilian member under a policy required by 

section 7082 of this title is counted as part of the retirement annuity provided in this section. Any difference between the amount received by the retired civilian member under his annuity policy and 

the total annual amount to which he is entitled under this section 

shall be paid to him by the Secretary of the Navy from appropriations made for this purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 439.) 

§ 7086. Physical disability retirement 

(a) Each civilian member who has served not less than five 

years, and who, before reaching the age of 65, becomes totally disabled for useful and efficient service in his position, by reason of 

disease or injury not due to his own vicious habits, intemperance, 

or willful misconduct shall, upon his application or upon the request of the Secretary of the Navy, be retired with a life annuity 

computed under section 7085 of this title. 

(b) The amount that the Secretary shall pay annually under 

this section is the difference between the total amount to which the 

retired member is entitled under subsection (a) and the immediate 

life annuity to which he is entitled at the time of his disability retirement under the annuity policy required by section 7082 of this 

title. 

(c) Each civilian member retired under this section, unless the 

disability for which he was retired is permanent in character, shall 

be examined by a board of medical officers designated by the Superintendent of the Naval Academy or of the Postgraduate School, 

as appropriate, one year after his retirement and annually thereafter, until he becomes 65 years of age. 

(d) Payments by the Secretary under this section shall be terminated if the retired civilian member is found to be sufficiently recovered for useful and efficient service in his former position and 

is offered reemployment in that position by the Superintendent. 

(e) If a civilian member retired under this section is later reemployed by the United States, the payments by the Secretary 

shall be terminated. 
1973 § 7088 CH. 607—RETIREMENT OF CIVILIAN TEACHING STAFFS 

(f) Each civilian member retired under this section who is reemployed as a civilian member of the teaching staff of the Naval 

Academy or the Naval Postgraduate School shall, upon his later retirement, be paid annually by the Secretary the difference between 

the total annual amount computed under section 7085 of this title 

and the immediate life annuity which the total premiums paid on 

his annuity contracts would buy. 

(g) No person may receive payments from the Secretary of the 

Navy under this chapter and, for the same period of time, compensation under chapter 81 of title 5. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 439; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 40, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120.) 

§ 7087. Election of annuity for self and beneficiary 

(a) At the time of his retirement, a civilian member retiring 

under this chapter may elect to receive instead of the amount payable annually by the Secretary of the Navy under section 7085 or 

7086 of this title a reduced annuity for his life and an annuity payable after his death to his beneficiary in either— 

(1) an amount equal to his reduced annuity; or 

(2) an amount equal to 50 percent of his reduced annuity. 

The annuities payable to principal and beneficiary, under either 

election, shall be in amounts that have, on the date of the retirement of the civilian member, a combined actuarial value equal to 

the actuarial value of the annuity payable by the Secretary under 

section 7085 or 7086 of this title, as determined under actuarial tables prepared by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. 

(b) If the civilian member elects to take a reduced annuity 

under this section, he shall, at the time of his retirement, designate 

the beneficiary in writing and file the designation with the Secretary. 

(c) The annuity payable under this section to the beneficiary of 

a deceased civilian member shall be terminated upon the death of 

the beneficiary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 440; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(45), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1298.) 

§ 7088. Regulations 

The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe regulations for the 

administration of this chapter. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 441.) 
1974 

CHAPTER 609—PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION 

SCHOOLS 

Sec. 

7101. Degree granting authority for Naval War College. 

7102. Degree granting authority for Marine Corps University. 

7103. Naval War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, 

literary, and educational purposes. 

7104. Marine Corps University: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

§ 7101. Degree granting authority for Naval War College 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Navy, the President of the Naval War College may, upon the 

recommendation of the faculty of the Naval War College components, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates who meet the degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the Naval War College is accredited by the appropriate 

civilian academic accrediting agency or organization to award 

the degree, as determined by the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the 

Naval War College to award any new or existing degree. 
1975 § 7102 CH. 609—PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS 

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IX, Sec. 912(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1626; amended 

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 543(f)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4461.) 

§ 7102. Degree granting authority for Marine Corps University 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Navy, the President of the Marine Corps University may, 

upon the recommendation of the directors and faculty of the Marine Corps University, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates 

who meet the degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the Marine Corps University is accredited by the appropriate civilian academic accrediting agency or organization to 

award the degree, as determined by the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the Marine Corps University to award any new or existing degree. 

(d) BOARD OF ADVISORS.—The Secretary of the Navy shall establish a board of advisors for the Marine Corps University. The 

Secretary shall ensure that the board is established so as to meet 

all requirements of the appropriate regional accrediting association. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 911(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2828; amended 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)–(b)(3)(A), (c)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1104, 1105; 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 108–375, 

div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(31), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2063; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title 

V, Sec. 543(g)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4462.) 
§ 7103 CH. 609—PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS 1976 

§ 7103. Naval War College: acceptance of grants for faculty 

research for scientific, literary, and educational 

purposes 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may authorize the President of the Naval War College to accept qualifying research grants. Any such grant may only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out by a professor or instructor of the College for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The President of the Naval War College 

shall use the funds in the account in accordance with applicable 

provisions of the regulations and the terms and condition of the 

grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Naval War College may be used to pay expenses incurred by the 

College in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, the award of qualifying research grants. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations 

for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(d)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3242.) 

§ 7104. Marine Corps University: acceptance of grants for 

faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may authorize the President of the Marine Corps University 

to accept qualifying research grants. Any such grant may only be 

accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out by a professor or instructor of one of the institutions comprising the University for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 
1977 § 7104 CH. 609—PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS 

grants under this section. The President of the Marine Corps University shall use the funds in the account in accordance with applicable provisions of the regulations and the terms and condition of 

the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Marine Corps University may be used to pay expenses incurred by 

the University in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, the award 

of qualifying research grants. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations 

for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(d)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3242.) 

1979 

PART IV—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 

Chap. Sec. 

631. Secretary of the Navy: Miscellaneous Powers and 

Duties ........................................................................... 7201 

633. Naval Vessels .................................................................. 7291 

[635. Repealed.] 

637. Salvage Facilities ............................................................ 7361 

639. United States Naval Observatory .................................. 7395 

641. Naval Petroleum Reserves ............................................. 7420 

643. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 7471 

645. Procurement of Supplies and Services .......................... 7521 

647. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 7541 

649. Quarters, Utilities, and Services ................................... 7571 

651. Ships’ Stores and Commissary Stores ........................... 7601 

653. Claims .............................................................................. 7621 

655. Prize ................................................................................. 7651 

657. Stay of Judicial Proceedings .......................................... 7721 

659. Naval Militia ................................................................... 7851 

661. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 7861 

663. Names and Insignia ........................................................ 7881 

665. National Oceanographic Partnership Program ............ 7901 

667. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 7911 

1981 

CHAPTER 631—SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

MISCELLANEOUS POWERS AND DUTIES 

Sec. 

[7201 to 7203. Repealed.] 

7204. Schools near naval activities: financial aid. 

7205. Promotion of health and prevention of accidents. 

[7206. Repealed.] 

7207. Administration of liberated and occupied areas. 

[7208 to 7210. Repealed.] 

7211. Attendance at meetings of technical, professional, or scientific organizations. 

7212. Employment of outside architects and engineers. 

[7213. Repealed.] 

7214. Apprehension of deserters and prisoners; operation of shore patrols. 

[7215. Repealed.] 

7216. Collection, preservation, and display of captured flags. 

[7217, 7218. Repealed.] 

7219. Leases of waterfront property from States or municipalities. 

7220. Gifts for welfare of enlisted members. 

7221. Acceptance and care of gifts to vessels. 

7222. Naval Historical Center Fund: references to Fund. 

7223. Acquisition of land for radio stations and for other purposes. 

7224. Transportation on naval vessels during wartime. 

7225. Navy Reserve flag. 

7226. Navy Reserve yacht pennant. 

7227. Foreign naval vessels and aircraft: supplies and services. 

7228. Merchant vessels: supplies. 

7229. Purchase of fuel. 

[7230. Repealed.] 

7231. Accounting for expenditures for obtaining information. 

7233. Auxiliary vessels: extended lease authority. 

7234. Submarine safety programs: participation of NATO naval personnel. 

[§ 7201. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

[§ 7202. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, Sec. 804(b), Oct. 

7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538] 

[§ 7203. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3025(a), Oct. 

13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3334] 

§ 7204. Schools near naval activities: financial aid 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may contribute, out of funds specifically appropriated for the purpose, to the support of schools in 

any locality where a naval activity is located if he finds that the 

schools available in the locality are inadequate for the welfare of 

the dependents of— 

(1) members of the naval service; 

(2) civilian officers and employees of the Department of the 

Navy; 

(3) members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a 

service in the Navy; and 
§ 7205 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 1982 

(4) members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy; 

who are stationed at the activity. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 442; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(24), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, 

Sec. 1401(j)(3)(A), (B), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2620; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1303(a)(23), 

Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 739.) 

§ 7205. Promotion of health and prevention of accidents 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may make such expenditures as 

he considers appropriate to prevent accidents and to promote the 

safety and occupational health of— 

(1) members of the naval service on active duty; 

(2) civilian officers and employees of the Department of the 

Navy; 

(3) members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a 

service in the Navy; and 

(4) members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy. 

The expenditures may include payments for clothing, equipment, 

and other materials necessary for the purposes of this section. Any 

appropriation available for the activities in which the personnel are 

engaged shall be available for these purposes. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 443; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(24), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932.) 

[§ 7206. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(22), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 7207. Administration of liberated and occupied areas 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may, out of any appropriation 

made for the purpose, provide for the administration of liberated 

and occupied areas by the Department of the Navy. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 443.) 

[§ 7208. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 

1401(d)(3)(A), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2616] 

[§ 7209. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–370, Sec. 1(e)(3)(A), July 19, 

1988, 102 Stat. 845] 

[§ 7210. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 
1983 § 7214 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 

§ 7211. Attendance at meetings of technical, professional, or 

scientific organizations 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may authorize— 

(1) members of the naval service on active duty; 

(2) civilian officers and employees of the Department of the 

Navy; 

(3) members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a 

service in the Navy; and 

(4) members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy; 

to attend meetings of technical, professional, scientific, and similar 

organizations, if the Secretary believes that their attendance will 

benefit the Department. The personnel may be reimbursed for their 

expenses at the rates prescribed by law. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 444; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(24), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932.) 

§ 7212. Employment of outside architects and engineers 

(a) Whenever the Secretary of the Navy believes that the existing facilities of the Department of the Navy are inadequate and he 

considers it advantageous to national defense, he may employ, by 

contract or otherwise, without advertising and without reference to 

sections 305, 3324, and 7204, chapter 51, and subchapters III, IV, 

and VI of chapter 53 of title 5, architectural or engineering corporations, or firms, or individual architects or engineers, to produce designs, plans, drawings, and specifications for the accomplishment of 

any naval public works or utilities project or for the construction 

of any vessel or aircraft, or part thereof. 

(b) The fee for any service under this section may not exceed 

6 percent of the estimated cost, as determined by the Secretary, of 

the project to which the fee applies. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 444; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 28, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119; 

Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, Sec. 703(c)(3), title VIII, Sec. 801(a)(3)(I), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217, 

1222; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(25), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2932.) 

[§ 7213. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(3), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 7214. Apprehension of deserters and prisoners; operation 

of shore patrols 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may make such expenditures out 

of available appropriations as he considers necessary to— 

(1) apprehend and deliver deserters, stragglers, and prisoners; and 

(2) operate shore patrols. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 445.) 
[§ 7215 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 1984 

[§ 7215. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–377, Sec. 6(2), July 5, 1968, 82 

Stat. 288] 

§ 7216. Collection, preservation, and display of captured 

flags 

The Secretary of the Navy shall collect all flags, standards, and 

colors taken by the Navy or the Marine Corps from enemies of the 

United States. These flags, standards, and colors shall be delivered 

to the President. Under his direction they shall be preserved and 

displayed in any public place he considers proper. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 445.) 

[§ 7217. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 

1322(a)(15), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1672] 

[§ 7218. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–529, Sec. 1(3), Aug. 11, 1966, 80 

Stat. 339; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(46), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 

Stat. 1298] 

§ 7219. Leases of waterfront property from States or municipalities 

In leasing waterfront property from a State or municipality, 

the Secretary of the Navy may provide in the lease, where it is required by state law or municipal charter, that, as part or all of the 

consideration, any improvements placed upon the property by the 

United States become the property of the lessor when the lease, including any renewal, ends. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 446.) 

§ 7220. Gifts for welfare of enlisted members 

The Secretary of the Navy may accept gifts for use in providing 

recreation, amusement, and contentment for enlisted members of 

the naval service. The fund ‘‘Ships’ Stores Profits, Navy’’ shall be 

credited with these gifts. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 446.) 

§ 7221. Acceptance and care of gifts to vessels 

The Secretary of the Navy may accept and care for such gifts 

of silver, colors, books, or other articles of equipment or furniture 

as, in accordance with custom, are made to vessels of the Navy. 

Necessary expenses incident to the care of gifts that are accepted 

shall be paid from the appropriation for the maintenance and operation of vessels. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 446.) 

§ 7222. Naval Historical Center Fund: references to Fund 

Any reference in a law, regulation, document, paper, or other 

record of the United States to the Naval Historical Center Fund 

formerly maintained under this section shall be deemed to refer to 

the Department of the Navy General Gift Fund maintained under 

section 2601 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 446; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(b)(1), (2)(A), 

Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2657; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IX, Sec. 942(d)(2)], Oct. 

30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–242.) 
1985 § 7227 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 

§ 7223. Acquisition of land for radio stations and for other 

purposes 

Land of the United States that is under the control of any department or agency of the United States may be mutually selected 

as a site for a naval radio station by the Secretary of the Navy and 

the head of the department or agency having control of the land. 

By direction of the President, land so selected may be transferred 

to and placed under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy 

for use as a naval radio station or for any other naval purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 447.) 

§ 7224. Transportation on naval vessels during wartime 

In time of war or during a national emergency declared by the 

President, such persons as the Secretary of the Navy authorizes by 

regulation may be transported and subsisted on naval vessels at 

Government expense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 447.) 

§ 7225. Navy Reserve flag 

The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe a suitable flag to be 

known as the Navy Reserve flag. This flag may be flown by a seagoing merchant vessel if— 

(1) the vessel is documented under the laws of the United 

States; 

(2) the vessel has been designated by the Secretary, under 

such regulations as he prescribes, as suitable for service as a 

naval auxiliary in time of war; and 

(3) the master or commanding officer and at least half of 

the other licensed officers of the vessel are members of the 

Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 447; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(T), (3)(D), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 7226. Navy Reserve yacht pennant 

The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe a suitable pennant 

to be known as the Navy Reserve yacht pennant. This pennant 

may be flown by a yacht or similar vessel if— 

(1) the vessel is documented under the laws of the United 

States; 

(2) the vessel has been designated by the Secretary, under 

such regulations as he prescribes, as suitable for service as a 

naval auxiliary in time of war; and 

(3) the captain or owner of the vessel is a member of the 

Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 447; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(U), (3)(E), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 7227. Foreign naval vessels and aircraft: supplies and services 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy, under such regulations as he 

prescribes, may authorize any United States naval vessel or activity to furnish any of the following supplies or services, when in the 

best interests of the United States, on a reimbursable basis without 

an advance of funds if similar supplies and services are furnished 
§ 7228 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 1986 

on a like basis to naval vessels and military aircraft of the United 

States by the foreign country concerned: 

(1) Routine port services in territorial waters of the United 

States or in waters under United States control, including pilotage, tugs, garbage removal, line-handling, and utilities, to 

naval vessels of foreign countries. 

(2) Routine airport services, including landing and takeoff 

assistance, use of runways, parking and servicing, to military 

aircraft of foreign countries. 

(3) Miscellaneous supplies, including fuel, provisions, spare 

parts, and general stores, but not including ammunition, to 

naval vessels and military aircraft of foreign countries. 

(4) Overhauls, repairs, and alterations together with necessary equipment and its installation required in connection 

therewith, to naval vessels and military aircraft of foreign 

countries. 

(b)(1) Routine port and airport services may be furnished 

under this section at no cost to the foreign country concerned 

where such services are provided by United States naval personnel 

and equipment without direct cost to the Navy. 

(2) When furnishing routine port services under this section to 

naval vessels of a foreign country, the Secretary may furnish such 

services without reimbursement if such services are provided under 

an agreement that provides for the reciprocal furnishing by such 

country of routine port services to naval vessels of the United 

States without reimbursement. When furnishing routine airport 

services under this section to military aircraft of a foreign country, 

the Secretary may furnish such services without reimbursement if 

such services are provided under an agreement that provides for 

the reciprocal furnishing by such country of routine airport services 

to military aircraft of the United States without reimbursement. 

(3) If routine port or airport services are furnished under this 

section by a working-capital fund activity of the Navy established 

under section 2208 of this title and such activity is not reimbursed 

directly for the costs incurred by the activity in furnishing those 

services by reason of paragraph (2), the working-capital fund activity shall be reimbursed for such costs out of operating funds currently available to the Navy. 

(c) Payments for supplies and services furnished under this 

section may be credited to current appropriations so as to be available for the same purpose as the appropriation initially charged. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 447; Pub. L. 86–55, Sec. 1, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 89; Pub. 

L. 98–94, title XII, Sec. 1219(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 

1405(49), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048, Dec. 5, 1991, 

105 Stat. 1468.) 

§ 7228. Merchant vessels: supplies 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy, under such regulations as he 

prescribes, may sell to a merchant ship such fuel and other supplies as may be required to meet its necessities if the ship is unable— 

(1) to procure the supplies from other sources at its 

present location; and 

(2) to proceed to the nearest port where they may be obtained without endangering the safety of the ship, the health 
1987 § 7233 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 

1So in original. No section 7232 has been enacted. 

and comfort of its personnel, or the safe condition of the property carried on it. 

(b) Sales under this section shall be at such prices as the Secretary considers reasonable. Payment shall be made on a cash 

basis or on such other basis as will reasonably assure prompt payment. Amounts received from such a sale shall, unless otherwise 

directed by another provision of law, be credited to the current appropriation concerned and are available for the same purposes as 

that appropriation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 448.) 

§ 7229. Purchase of fuel 

In buying fuel, the Secretary of the Navy may, in any manner 

he considers proper, buy the kind of fuel that is best adapted to the 

purpose for which it is to be used. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 448.) 

[§ 7230. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(4), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 7231. Accounting for expenditures for obtaining information 

When the Secretary of the Navy decides that an expenditure 

by the Department of the Navy from an appropriation for obtaining 

information from anywhere in the world may be made public, the 

expenditure shall be accounted for specifically. When the Secretary 

decides that an expenditure should not be made public, the Secretary shall make a certificate on the amount of the expenditure. 

The certificate is a sufficient voucher for the amount stated to have 

been spent. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(11)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1057.) 

§ 7233.1 Auxiliary vessels: extended lease authority 

(a) AUTHORIZED CONTRACTS.—Subject to subsection (b), the 

Secretary of the Navy may enter into contracts with private United 

States shipyards for the construction of new surface vessels to be 

acquired on a long-term lease basis by the United States from the 

shipyard or other private person for any of the following: 

(1) The combat logistics force of the Navy. 

(2) The strategic sealift force of the Navy. 

(3) Other auxiliary support vessels for the Department of 

Defense. 

(b) CONTRACTS REQUIRED TO BE AUTHORIZED BY LAW.—A contract may be entered into under subsection (a) with respect to a 

specific vessel only if the Secretary is specifically authorized by law 

to enter into such a contract with respect to that vessel. As part 

of a request to Congress for enactment of any such authorization 

by law, the Secretary of the Navy shall provide to Congress the 

Secretary’s findings under subsection (g). 

(c) TERM OF CONTRACT.—In this section, the term ‘‘long-term 

lease’’ means a lease, bareboat charter, or conditional sale agree-
§ 7233 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 1988 

ment with respect to a vessel the term of which (including any option period) is for a period of 20 years or more. 

(d) OPTION TO BUY.—A contract entered into under subsection 

(a) may include options for the United States to purchase one or 

more of the vessels covered by the contract at any time during, or 

at the end of, the contract period (including any option period) 

upon payment of an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the 

unamortized portion of the cost of the vessel plus amounts incurred 

in connection with the termination of the financing arrangements 

associated with the vessel, or (2) the fair market value of the vessel. 

(e) DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION.—The Secretary shall require in 

any contract entered into under this section that each vessel to 

which the contract applies— 

(1) shall have been constructed in a shipyard within the 

United States; and 

(2) upon delivery, shall be documented under the laws of 

the United States. 

(f) VESSEL OPERATION.—(1) The Secretary may operate a vessel 

held by the Secretary under a long-term lease under this section 

through a contract with a United States corporation with experience in the operation of vessels for the United States. Any such 

contract shall be for a term as determined by the Secretary. 

(2) The Secretary may provide a crew for any such vessel using 

civil service mariners only after an evaluation taking into account— 

(A) the fully burdened cost of a civil service crew over the 

expected useful life of the vessel; 

(B) the effect on the private sector manpower pool; and 

(C) the operational requirements of the Department of the 

Navy. 

(g) CONTINGENT WAIVER OF OTHER PROVISIONS OF LAW.—(1) 

The Secretary may waive the applicability of subsections (e)(2) and 

(f) of section 2401 of this title to a contract authorized by law as 

provided in subsection (b) if the Secretary makes the following findings with respect to that contract: 

(A) The need for the vessels or services to be provided 

under the contract is expected to remain substantially unchanged during the contemplated contract or option period. 

(B) There is a reasonable expectation that throughout the 

contemplated contract or option period the Secretary of the 

Navy (or, if the contract is for services to be provided to, and 

funded by, another military department, the Secretary of that 

military department) will request funding for the contract at 

the level required to avoid contract cancellation. 

(C) The timeliness of consideration of the contract by Congress is such that such a waiver is in the interest of the United 

States. 

(2) The Secretary shall submit a notice of any waiver under 

paragraph (1) to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate 

and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 
1989 § 7234 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 

(h) SOURCE OF FUNDS FOR TERMINATION LIABILITY.—If a contract entered into under this section is terminated, the costs of 

such termination may be paid from— 

(1) amounts originally made available for performance of 

the contract; 

(2) amounts currently available for operation and maintenance of the type of vessels or services concerned and not otherwise obligated; or 

(3) funds appropriated for those costs. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1014(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 741.) 

§ 7234. Submarine safety programs: participation of NATO 

naval personnel 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF ASSIGNMENT OF FOREIGN NAVAL PERSONNEL.—In order to facilitate the development, standardization, 

and interoperability of submarine vessel safety and rescue systems 

and procedures, the Secretary of the Navy may conduct a program 

under which members of the naval service of any of the member 

nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization may be assigned 

to United States commands to work on such systems and procedures. 

(b) RECIPROCITY NOT REQUIRED.—The authority under subsection (a) is not an exchange program. Reciprocal assignments of 

members of the Navy to the naval service of a foreign country is 

not a condition for the exercise of such authority. 

(c) COSTS FOR FOREIGN PERSONNEL.—(1) The United States 

may not pay the following costs for a member of a foreign naval 

service sent to the United States under the program authorized by 

this section: 

(A) Salary. 

(B) Per diem. 

(C) Cost of living. 

(D) Travel costs. 

(E) Cost of language or other training. 

(F) Other costs. 

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to the following costs, which 

may be paid by the United States: 

(A) The cost of temporary duty directed by the Secretary 

of the Navy or an officer of the Navy authorized to do so. 

(B) The cost of training programs conducted to familiarize, 

orient, or certify members of foreign naval services regarding 

unique aspects of their assignments. 

(C) Costs incident to the use of the facilities of the Navy 

in the performance of assigned duties. 

(d) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AUTHORITY.—The provisions of 

this section shall apply in the exercise of any authority of the Secretary of the Navy to enter into an agreement with the government 

of a foreign country, subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of 

State, to provide for the assignment of members of the naval service of the foreign country to a Navy submarine safety program. The 

Secretary of the Navy may prescribe regulations for the application 

of this section in the exercise of such authority. 
§ 7234 CH. 631—SEC. NAVY: MISC. POWERS & DUTIES 1990 

(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy 

may not accept the assignment of a member of the naval service 

of a foreign country under this section after September 30, 2008. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1223(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2089) 
1991 

CHAPTER 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

Sec. 

7291. Classification. 

7292. Naming. 

7293. Number in service in time of peace. 

7294. Suspension of construction in case of treaty. 

7295. Vessels: under-age. 

7296. Combatant surface vessels: notice before reduction in number; preservation of surge capability. 

7297. Changing category or type: limitations. 

[7298. Repealed.] 

7299. Contracts: applicability of chapter 65 of title 41. 

7299a. Construction of combatant and escort vessels and assignment of vessel 

projects. 

7300. Contracts for nuclear ships: sales of naval shipyard articles and services 

to private shipyards. 

[7301, 7302. Repealed.] 

7303. Model basin; investigation of hull designs. 

7304. Examination of vessels; striking of vessels from Naval Vessel Register. 

7305. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: sale. 

7305a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: contracts for dismantling on 

net-cost basis. 

7306. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register; captured vessels: transfer by 

gift or otherwise. 

7306a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: use for experimental purposes. 

7306b. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: transfer by gift or otherwise 

for use as artificial reefs. 

7307. Disposals to foreign nations. 

7308. Chief of Naval Operations: certification required for disposal of combatant 

vessels. 

7309. Construction of vessels in foreign shipyards: prohibition. 

7310. Overhaul, repair, etc. of vessels in foreign shipyards: restrictions. 

7311. Repair or maintenance of naval vessels: handling of hazardous waste. 

7312. Service craft stricken from Naval Vessel Register; obsolete boats: use of 

proceeds from exchange or sale. 

7313. Ship overhaul work: availability of appropriations for unusual cost overruns and for changes in scope of work. 

7314. Overhaul of naval vessels: competition between public and private shipyards. 

7315. Preservation of Navy shipbuilding capability. 

7316. Support for transfers of decommissioned vessels and shipboard equipment. 

7317. Status of Government rights in the designs of vessels, boats, and craft, and 

components thereof. 

§ 7291. Classification 

The President may establish, and from time to time modify, as 

the needs of the service require, a classification of naval vessels. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 448.) 

§ 7292. Naming 

(a) Not more than one vessel of the Navy may have the same 

name. 
§ 7293 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 1992 

(b) Each battleship shall be named for a State. However, if the 

names of all the States are in use, a battleship may be named for 

a city, place, or person. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy may change the name of any vessel bought for the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 448.) 

§ 7293. Number in service in time of peace 

In time of peace, the President may keep in service such vessels of the Navy as are required and keep the rest in reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 449.) 

§ 7294. Suspension of construction in case of treaty 

In case of a treaty for the limitation of naval armament to 

which the United States is a signatory, the President may suspend 

so much of the authorized naval construction as is necessary to 

bring the naval vessels of the United States within the limitations 

agreed upon. Such a suspension does not apply to vessels under 

construction at the time the suspension is made. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 449.) 

§ 7295. Vessels: under-age 

Vessels of the following types are considered under-age for the 

period after completion indicated below: 

(1) Battleships—26 years. 

(2) Aircraft carriers—20 years. 

(3) Cruisers—20 years. 

(4) Submarines—13 years. 

(5) Other combatant surface vessels—16 years. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 449.) 

§ 7296. Combatant surface vessels: notice before reduction 

in number; preservation of surge capability 

(a) NOTICE-AND-WAIT BEFORE REDUCTIONS.—(1) A reduction 

described in paragraph (2) in the number of combatant surface vessels may only be carried out after— 

(A) the Secretary of the Navy submits to the Committee on 

Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 

Services of the House of Representatives a written notification 

of the proposed reduction; and 

(B) a period of 90 days has expired after the date on which 

such notification is received. 

(2) A reduction described in this paragraph in the number of 

combatant surface vessels is a reduction— 

(A) from 116, or a number greater than 116, to a number 

less than 116; or 

(B) from a number less than 116 to a lesser number. 

(b) CONTENT OF NOTIFICATION.—Any notification under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall include the following: 

(1) The schedule for the proposed reduction. 

(2) The number of vessels that are to comprise the force 

of combatant surface vessels after the reduction. 
1993 § 7299a CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

(3) A risk assessment for a force of combatant surface vessels of the number specified under paragraph (2) that is based 

on the same assumptions as were applied in the QDR 2001 

combatant surface force risk assessment. 

(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘combatant surface vessels’’ means cruisers, 

destroyers, and frigates that are in active service in the Navy 

or in active reserve service in the Navy. 

(2) The term ‘‘QDR 2001 combatant surface force risk assessment’’ means the risk assessment associated with a force 

of combatant surface vessels numbering 116 that is set forth 

in the report on the quadrennial defense review submitted to 

Congress on September 30, 2001, under section 118 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1021(b)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2638; amended 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1011, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1589.) 

§ 7297. Changing category or type: limitations 

Unless they have been specifically made available for the purpose, funds appropriated for the repair or alteration of naval vessels may not be used to make repairs or alterations of any vessel 

that would change its category or type. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 449.) 

[§ 7298. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(6), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 7299. Contracts: applicability of chapter 65 of title 41 

Each contract for the construction, alteration, furnishing, or 

equipping of a naval vessel is subject to chapter 65 of title 41 unless the President determines that this requirement is not in the 

interest of national defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 815(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 396; amended 

Pub. L. 111–350, Sec. 5(b)(52), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3846.) 

§ 7299a. Construction of combatant and escort vessels and 

assignment of vessel projects 

(a) The assignment of naval vessel conversion, alteration, and 

repair projects shall be based on economic and military considerations and may not be restricted by a requirement that certain 

parts of naval shipwork be assigned to a particular type of shipyard or geographical area or by a similar requirement. 

(b) In evaluating bids or proposals for a contract for the overhaul, repair, or maintenance of a naval vessel, the Secretary of the 

Navy shall, in determining the cost or price of work to be performed in an area outside the area of the homeport of the vessel, 

consider foreseeable costs of moving the vessel and its crew from 

the homeport to the outside area and from the outside area back 

to the homeport at the completion of the contract. 

(c)(1) Before issuing a solicitation for a contract for short-term 

work for the overhaul, repair, or maintenance of a naval vessel, the 

Secretary of the Navy shall determine if there is adequate competition available among firms able to perform the work at the homeport of the vessel. If the Secretary determines that there is adequate competition among such firms, the Secretary— 
§ 7300 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 1994 

(A) shall issue such a solicitation only to firms able to perform the work at the homeport of the vessel; and 

(B) may not award such contract to a firm other than a 

firm that will perform the work at the homeport of the vessel. 

(2) Paragraph (1) applies notwithstanding subsection (a) or any 

other provision of law. 

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of voyage repairs. 

(4) In this subsection, the term ‘‘short-term work’’ means work 

that will be for a period of six months or less. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(48)(A), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1298; amended Pub. L. 99–661, 

div. A, title XII, Sec. 1201(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3967; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XI, 

Sec. 1101, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1422, Nov. 5, 

1990, 104 Stat. 1682; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, Sec. 1016, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2485.) 

§ 7300. Contracts for nuclear ships: sales of naval shipyard 

articles and services to private shipyards 

The conditions set forth in section 2208(j)(1)(B) of this title and 

subsections (a)(1) and (c)(1)(A) of section 2563 of this title shall not 

apply to a sale by a naval shipyard of articles or services to a private shipyard that is made at the request of the private shipyard 

in order to facilitate the private shipyard’s fulfillment of a Department of Defense contract with respect to a nuclear ship. This section does not authorize a naval shipyard to construct a nuclear ship 

for the private shipyard, to perform a majority of the work called 

for in a contract with a private entity, or to provide articles or services not requested by the private shipyard. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1016(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 744; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1033(c)(3)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–261.) 

[§ 7301. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

824(a)(7), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

[§ 7302. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3024(a), Oct. 

13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3334] 

§ 7303. Model Basin; investigation of hull designs 

(a) An office or agency in the Department of the Navy designated by the Secretary of the Navy shall conduct at the David W. 

Taylor Model Basin, Carderock, Maryland, investigations to determine the most suitable shapes and forms for United States vessels 

and aircraft and investigations of other problems of their design. 

(b) The Secretary of the Navy may authorize experiments to be 

made at the Model Basin for private persons. The costs of experiments made for private persons shall be paid by those persons 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. The results of private experiments are confidential and may not be divulged without 

the consent of the persons for whom they are made. However, the 

data obtained from such experiments may be used by the Secretary 

for governmental purposes, subject to the patent laws of the United 

States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 451; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 41, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1120.) 

§ 7304. Examination of vessels; striking of vessels from 

Naval Vessel Register 

(a) BOARDS OF OFFICERS TO EXAMINE NAVAL VESSELS.—The 

Secretary of the Navy shall designate boards of naval officers to ex-
1995 § 7305 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

amine naval vessels, including unfinished vessels, for the purpose 

of making a recommendation to the Secretary as to which vessels, 

if any, should be stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. Each 

vessel shall be examined at least once every three years if practicable. 

(b) ACTIONS BY BOARD.—A board designated under subsection 

(a) shall submit to the Secretary in writing its recommendations as 

to which vessels, if any, among those it examined should be stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. 

(c) ACTION BY SECRETARY.—If the Secretary concurs with a recommendation by a board that a vessel should be stricken from the 

Naval Vessel Register, the Secretary shall strike the name of that 

vessel from the Naval Vessel Register. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1708.) 

§ 7305. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: sale 

(a) APPRAISAL OF VESSELS STRICKEN FROM NAVAL VESSEL REGISTER.—The Secretary of the Navy shall appraise each vessel 

stricken from the Naval Vessel Register under section 7304 of this 

title. 

(b) AUTHORITY TO SELL VESSEL.—If the Secretary considers 

that the sale of the vessel is in the national interest, the Secretary 

may sell the vessel. Any such sale shall be in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary for the purposes of this section. 

(c) PROCEDURES FOR SALE.—(1) A vessel stricken from the 

Naval Vessel Register and not subject to disposal under any other 

law may be sold under this section. 

(2) In such a case, the Secretary may— 

(A) sell the vessel to the highest acceptable bidder, regardless of the appraised value of the vessel, after publicly 

advertising the sale of the vessel for a period of not less 

than 30 days; or 

(B) subject to paragraph (3), sell the vessel by competitive negotiation to the acceptable offeror who submits the 

offer that is most advantageous to the United States (taking into account price and such other factors as the Secretary determines appropriate). 

(3) Before entering into negotiations to sell a vessel under 

paragraph (2)(B), the Secretary shall publish notice of the intention to do so in the Commerce Business Daily sufficiently 

in advance of initiating the negotiations that all interested parties are given a reasonable opportunity to prepare and submit 

proposals. The Secretary shall afford an opportunity to participate in the negotiations to all acceptable offerors submitting 

proposals that the Secretary considers as having the potential 

to be the most advantageous to the United States (taking into 

account price and such other factors as the Secretary determines appropriate). 

(d) APPLICABILITY.—This section does not apply to a vessel the 

disposal of which is authorized by subtitle I of title 40 and division 

C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of 

subtitle I of title 41, if it is to be disposed of under those provisions. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1708; amended 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1021, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1875; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 
§ 7305a CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 1996 

3(b)(28), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1045(a)(7), Nov. 

24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1612; Pub. L. 111–350, Sec. 5(b)(53), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3847.) 

§ 7305a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: contracts for dismantling on net-cost basis 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR NET-COST BASIS CONTRACTS.—When the 

Secretary of the Navy awards a contract for the dismantling of a 

vessel stricken from the Naval Vessel Register, the Secretary may 

award the contract on a net-cost basis. 

(b) RETENTION BY CONTRACTOR OF PROCEEDS OF SALE OF

SCRAP AND REUSABLE ITEMS.—When the Secretary awards a contract on a net-cost basis under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 

provide in the contract that the contractor may retain the proceeds 

from the sale of scrap and reusable items removed from the vessel 

dismantled under the contract. 

(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘net-cost basis’’, with respect to a contract for 

the dismantling of a vessel, means that the amount to be paid 

to the contractor under the contract for dismantling and for removal and disposal of hazardous waste material is discounted 

by the offeror’s estimate of the value of scrap and reusable 

items that the contractor will remove from the vessel during 

performance of the contract. 

(2) The term ‘‘scrap’’ means personal property that has no 

value except for its basic material content. 

(3) The term ‘‘reusable item’’ means a demilitarized component or a removable portion of a vessel or equipment that the 

Secretary of the Navy has identified as excess to the needs of 

the Navy but which has potential resale value on the open 

market. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1011(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2038.) 

§ 7306. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register; captured vessels: transfer by gift or otherwise 

(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE TRANSFER.—Subject to section 113 of 

title 40, the Secretary of the Navy may transfer, by gift or otherwise, any vessel stricken from the Naval Vessel Register, or any 

captured vessel, to— 

(1) any State, Commonwealth, or possession of the United 

States or any municipal corporation or political subdivision 

thereof; 

(2) the District of Columbia; or 

(3) any not-for-profit or nonprofit entity. 

(b) VESSEL TO BE MAINTAINED IN CONDITION SATISFACTORY TO

SECRETARY.—An agreement for the transfer of a vessel under subsection (a) shall include a requirement that the transferee will 

maintain the vessel in a condition satisfactory to the Secretary. 

(c) TRANSFERS TO BE AT NO COST TO UNITED STATES.—Any 

transfer of a vessel under this section shall be made at no cost to 

the United States. 

(d) CONGRESSIONAL NOTICE-AND-WAIT PERIOD.—(1) A transfer 

under this section may not take effect until— 

(A) the Secretary submits to Congress notice of the proposed transfer; and 
1997 § 7306b CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

(B) 30 days of a session of Congress have expired following 

the date on which the notice is sent to Congress. 

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1)(B)— 

(A) the period of a session of Congress is broken only by 

an adjournment of Congress sine die at the end of the final 

session of a Congress; and 

(B) any day on which either House of Congress is not in 

session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a 

day certain, or because of an adjournment sine die at the end 

of the first session of a Congress, shall be excluded in the computation of such 30-day period. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1709; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1011, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 

3(b)(29), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 7306a. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: use for 

experimental purposes 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy may use for experimental purposes any vessel stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. 

(b) STRIPPING AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF VESSEL.— (1) Before using a vessel for an experimental purpose pursuant to 

subsection (a), the Secretary shall carry out such stripping of the 

vessel as is practicable and such environmental remediation of the 

vessel as is required for the use of the vessel for experimental purposes. 

(2) Material and equipment stripped from a vessel under paragraph (1) may be sold by the contractor or by a sales agent approved by the Secretary. 

(3) Amounts received as proceeds from the stripping of a vessel 

pursuant to this subsection shall be credited to appropriations 

available for the procurement of services needed for such stripping 

and for environmental remediation required for the use of the vessel for experimental purposes. Amounts received in excess of 

amounts needed for reimbursement of those costs shall be deposited into the account from which the stripping and environmental 

remediation expenses were incurred and shall be available for 

stripping and environmental remediation of other vessels to be 

used for experimental purposes. 

(c) USE FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘use for experimental purposes’’, with respect to a 

vessel, includes use of the vessel in a Navy sink exercise or for target purposes. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1709; amended 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1012, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1589.) 

§ 7306b. Vessels stricken from Naval Vessel Register: transfer by gift or otherwise for use as artificial reefs 

(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE TRANSFER.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may transfer, by gift or otherwise, any vessel stricken from 

the Naval Vessel Register to any State, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States, or any municipal corporation or political 

subdivision thereof, for use as provided in subsection (b). 

(b) VESSEL TO BE USED AS ARTIFICIAL REEF.—An agreement 

for the transfer of a vessel under subsection (a) shall require that— 
§ 7307 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 1998 

(1) the recipient use, site, construct, monitor, and manage 

the vessel only as an artificial reef in accordance with the requirements of the National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 

(33 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.), except that the recipient may use the 

artificial reef to enhance diving opportunities if that use does 

not have an adverse effect on fishery resources (as that term 

is defined in section 3(14) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery 

Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802(14))); and 

(2) the recipient obtain, and bear all responsibility for complying with, applicable Federal, State, interstate, and local permits for using, siting, constructing, monitoring, and managing 

the vessel as an artificial reef. 

(c) PREPARATION OF VESSEL FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL REEF.—The 

Secretary shall ensure that the preparation of a vessel transferred 

under subsection (a) for use as an artificial reef is conducted in accordance with— 

(1) the environmental best management practices developed pursuant to section 3504(b) of the Bob Stump National 

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 

107–314; 16 U.S.C. 1220 note); and 

(2) any applicable environmental laws. 

(d) COST SHARING.—The Secretary may share with the recipient of a vessel transferred under subsection (a) any costs associated 

with transferring the vessel under that subsection, including costs 

of the preparation of the vessel under subsection (c). 

(e) NO LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF VESSELS TRANSFERABLE TO

PARTICULAR RECIPIENT.—A State, Commonwealth, or possession of 

the United States, or any municipal corporation or political subdivision thereof, may be the recipient of more than one vessel 

transferred under subsection (a). 

(f) ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—The Secretary may 

require such additional terms and conditions in connection with a 

transfer authorized by subsection (a) as the Secretary considers appropriate. 

(g) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be construed 

to establish a preference for the use as artificial reefs of vessels 

stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in lieu of other authorized 

uses of such vessels, including the domestic scrapping of such vessels, or other disposals of such vessels, under this chapter or other 

applicable authority. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1013(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1590; amended 

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(36), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(31), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474.) 

§ 7307. Disposals to foreign nations 

(a) LARGER OR NEWER VESSELS.—A naval vessel that is in excess of 3,000 tons or that is less than 20 years of age may not be 

disposed of to another nation (whether by sale, lease, grant, loan, 

barter, transfer, or otherwise) unless the disposal of that vessel, or 

of a vessel of the class of that vessel, is authorized by law enacted 

after August 5, 1974. A lease or loan of such a vessel under such 

a law may be made only in accordance with the provisions of chapter 6 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2796 et seq.) or 

chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
1999 § 7309 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

U.S.C. 2311 et seq.). In the case of an authorization by law for the 

disposal of such a vessel that names a specific vessel as being authorized for such disposal, the Secretary of Defense may substitute 

another vessel of the same class, if the vessel substituted has virtually identical capabilities as the named vessel. In the case of an 

authorization by law for the disposal of vessels of a specified class, 

the Secretary may dispose of vessels of that class pursuant to that 

authorization only in the number of such vessels specified in that 

law as being authorized for disposal. 

(b) OTHER VESSELS.—(1) A naval vessel not subject to subsection (a) may be disposed of to another nation (whether by sale, 

lease, grant, loan, barter, transfer, or otherwise) in accordance with 

applicable provisions of law, but only after— 

(A) the Secretary of the Navy notifies the Committee on 

Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 

Services of the House of Representatives in writing of the proposed disposition; and 

(B) 30 days of continuous session of Congress have expired 

following the date on which such notice is sent to those committees. 

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the continuity of a session 

of Congress is broken only by an adjournment of the Congress sine 

die, and the days on which either House is not in session because 

of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain are excluded in the computation of such 30-day period. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1709; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 106– 

65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, 

Sec. 1013, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2376.) 

§ 7308. Chief of Naval Operations: certification required for 

disposal of combatant vessels 

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no combatant vessel of the Navy may be sold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of 

unless the Chief of Naval Operations certifies that it is not essential to the defense of the United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1710.) 

§ 7309. Construction of vessels in foreign shipyards: prohibition 

(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection (b), no vessel to be constructed for any of the armed forces, and no major 

component of the hull or superstructure of any such vessel, may be 

constructed in a foreign shipyard. 

(b) PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER FOR NATIONAL SECURITY INTEREST.— 

(1) The President may authorize exceptions to the prohibition in 

subsection (a) when the President determines that it is in the national security interest of the United States to do so. 

(2) The President shall transmit notice to Congress of any such 

determination, and no contract may be made pursuant to the exception authorized until the end of the 30-day period beginning on 

the date on which the notice of the determination is received by 

Congress. 
§ 7310 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 2000 

(c) EXCEPTION FOR INFLATABLE BOATS.—An inflatable boat or 

a rigid inflatable boat, as defined by the Secretary of the Navy, is 

not a vessel for the purpose of the restriction in subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1710.) 

§ 7310. Overhaul, repair, etc. of vessels in foreign shipyards: 

restrictions 

(a) VESSELS WITH HOMEPORT IN UNITED STATES OR GUAM.—A 

naval vessel (or any other vessel under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Navy) the homeport of which is in the United States 

or Guam may not be overhauled, repaired, or maintained in a shipyard outside the United States or Guam, other than in the case of 

voyage repairs. 

(b) VESSEL CHANGING HOMEPORTS.—(1) In the case of a naval 

vessel the homeport of which is not in the United States (or a territory of the United States), the Secretary of the Navy may not during the 15-month period preceding the planned reassignment of the 

vessel to a homeport in the United States (or a territory of the 

United States) begin any work for the overhaul, repair, or maintenance of the vessel that is scheduled to be for a period of more than 

six months. 

(2) In the case of a naval vessel the homeport of which is in 

the United States (or a territory of the United States), the Secretary of the Navy shall during the 15-month period preceding the 

planned reassignment of the vessel to a homeport not in the United 

States (or a territory of the United States) perform in the United 

States (or a territory of the United States) any work for the overhaul, repair, or maintenance of the vessel that is scheduled— 

(A) to begin during the 15-month period; and 

(B) to be for a period of more than six months. 

(c) REPORT.—(1) The Secretary of the Navy shall submit to 

Congress each year, at the time that the President’s budget is submitted to Congress that year under section 1105(a) of title 31, a report listing all repairs and maintenance performed on any covered 

naval vessel that has undergone work for the repair of the vessel 

in any shipyard outside the United States or Guam (in this section 

referred to as a ‘‘foreign shipyard’’) during the fiscal year preceding 

the fiscal year in which the report is submitted. 

(2) The report shall include the percentage of the annual ship 

repair budget of the Navy that was spent on repair of covered 

naval vessels in foreign shipyards during the fiscal year covered by 

the report. 

(3) The report also shall include the following with respect to 

each covered naval vessel: 

(A) The justification under law for the repair in a foreign 

shipyard. 

(B) The name and class of vessel repaired. 

(C) The category of repair and whether the repair qualified 

as voyage repair as defined in Commander Military Sealift 

Command Instruction 4700.15C (September 13, 2007) or Joint 

Fleet Maintenance Manual (Commander Fleet Forces Command Instruction 4790.3 Revision A, Change 7), Volume III. 

Scheduled availabilities are to be considered as a composite 
2001 § 7311 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

and reported as a single entity without individual repair and 

maintenance items listed separately. 

(D) The shipyard where the repair work was carried out. 

(E) The number of days the vessel was in port for repair. 

(F) The cost of the repair and the amount (if any) that the 

cost of the repair was less than or greater than the cost of the 

repair provided for in the contract. 

(G) The schedule for repair, the amount of work accomplished (stated in terms of work days), whether the repair was 

accomplished on schedule, and, if not so accomplished, the reason for the schedule over-run. 

(H) The homeport or location of the vessel prior to its voyage for repair. 

(I) Whether the repair was performed under a contract 

awarded through the use of competitive procedures or procedures other than competitive procedures. 

(4) In this subsection, the term ‘‘covered naval vessel’’ means 

any of the following: 

(A) A naval vessel. 

(B) Any other vessel under the jurisdiction of the Secretary 

of the Navy. 

(Added and amended Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title III, Sec. 367, title VIII, Sec. 824(b), Nov. 

30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1632, 1710; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1017, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 425; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1014, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2376; Pub. L. 

110–417, [div. A], title X, Sec. 1012, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4584.) 

§ 7311. Repair or maintenance of naval vessels: handling of 

hazardous waste 

(a) CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS.—The Secretary of the Navy 

shall ensure that each contract entered into for work on a naval 

vessel (other than new construction) includes the following provisions: 

(1) IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES.—A provision in 

which the Navy identifies the types and amounts of hazardous 

wastes that are required to be removed by the contractor from 

the vessel, or that are expected to be generated, during the 

performance of work under the contract, with such identification by the Navy to be in a form sufficient to enable the contractor to comply with Federal and State laws and regulations 

on the removal, handling, storage, transportation, or disposal 

of hazardous waste. 

(2) COMPENSATION.—A provision specifying that the contractor shall be compensated under the contract for work performed by the contractor for duties of the contractor specified 

under paragraph (3). 

(3) STATEMENT OF WORK.—A provision specifying the responsibilities of the Navy and of the contractor, respectively, 

for the removal (including the handling, storage, transportation, and disposal) of hazardous wastes. 

(4) ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES.—(A) A provision specifying the following: 

(i) In any case in which the Navy is the sole generator 

of hazardous waste that is removed, handled, stored, 

transported, or disposed of by the contractor in the performance of the contract, all contracts, manifests, invoices, 
§ 7311 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 2002 

and other documents related to the removal, handling, 

storage, transportation, or disposal of such hazardous 

waste shall bear a generator identification number issued 

to the Navy pursuant to applicable law. 

(ii) In any case in which the contractor is the sole generator of hazardous waste that is removed, handled, 

stored, transported, or disposed of by the contractor in the 

performance of the contract, all contracts, manifests, invoices, and other documents related to the removal, handling, storage, transportation, or disposal of such hazardous waste shall bear a generator identification number 

issued to the contractor pursuant to applicable law. 

(iii) In any case in which both the Navy and the contractor are generators of hazardous waste that is removed, 

handled, stored, transported, or disposed of by the contractor in the performance of the contract, all contracts, 

manifests, invoices, and other documents related to the removal, handling, storage, transportation, or disposal of 

such hazardous waste shall bear both a generator identification number issued to the Navy and a generator identification number issued to the contractor pursuant to applicable law. 

(B) A determination under this paragraph of whether the 

Navy is a generator, a contractor is a generator, or both the 

Navy and a contractor are generators, shall be made in the 

same manner provided under subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6921 et seq.) and regulations promulgated 

under that subtitle. 

(b) RENEGOTIATION OF CONTRACT.—The Secretary of the Navy 

shall renegotiate a contract described in subsection (a) if— 

(1) the contractor, during the performance of work under 

the contract, discovers hazardous wastes different in type or 

amount from those identified in the contract; and 

(2) those hazardous wastes originated on, or resulted from 

material furnished by the Government for, the naval vessel on 

which the work is being performed. 

(c) REMOVAL OF WASTES.—The Secretary of the Navy shall remove known hazardous wastes from a vessel before the vessel’s arrival at a contractor’s facility for performance of a contract, to the 

extent such removal is feasible. 

(d) RELATIONSHIP TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT.—Nothing in 

this section shall be construed as altering or otherwise affecting 

those provisions of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 

et seq.) that relate to generators of hazardous waste. For purposes 

of this section, any term used in this section for which a definition 

is provided by the Solid Waste Disposal Act (or regulations promulgated pursuant to such Act) has the meaning provided by that Act 

or regulations. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1202(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3967; amended 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1599.) 
2003 § 7312 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

§ 7312. Service craft stricken from Naval Vessel Register; 

obsolete boats: use of proceeds from exchange or 

sale 

(a) EXCHANGE OR SALE OF SIMILAR ITEMS.—When the Secretary of the Navy sells an obsolete service craft or an obsolete 

boat, or exchanges such a craft or boat in a transaction for which 

a similar craft or boat is acquired, the Secretary may retain the 

proceeds of the sale or the exchange allowance from the exchange, 

as the case may be, and apply the proceeds of sale or the exchange 

allowance for any of the following purposes: 

(1) For payment, in whole or in part, for a similar service 

craft or boat acquired as a replacement, as authorized by section 503 of title 40. 

(2) For reimbursement, to the extent practicable, of the appropriate accounts of the Navy for the full costs of preparation 

of such obsolete craft or boat for such sale or exchange. 

(3) For deposit to the special account established under 

subsection (b), to be available in accordance with that subsection. 

(b) SPECIAL ACCOUNT.—Amounts retained under subsection (a) 

that are not applied as provided in paragraph (1) or (2) of that subsection shall be deposited into a special account. Amounts in the 

account shall be available under subsection (c) without regard to 

fiscal year limitation. Amounts in the account that the Secretary 

of the Navy determines are not needed for the purpose stated in 

subsection (c) shall be transferred at least annually to the General 

Fund of the Treasury. 

(c) COSTS OF PREPARATION OF OBSOLETE SERVICE CRAFT AND

BOATS FOR FUTURE SALE OR EXCHANGE.—The Secretary may use 

amounts in the account under subsection (b) for payment, in whole 

or in part, for the full costs of preparation of obsolete service craft 

and obsolete boats for future sale or exchange. 

(d) COSTS OF PREPARATION FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.—In this 

section, the term ‘‘full costs of preparation’’ means the full costs (direct and indirect) incurred by the Navy in preparing an obsolete 

service craft or an obsolete boat for exchange or sale, including the 

cost of the following: 

(1) Towing. 

(2) Storage. 

(3) Defueling. 

(4) Removal and disposal of hazardous wastes. 

(5) Environmental surveys to determine the presence of 

regulated materials containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 

and, if such materials are found, the removal and disposal of 

such materials. 

(6) Other costs related to such preparation. 

(e) OBSOLETE SERVICE CRAFT.—For purposes of this section, an 

obsolete service craft is a service craft that has been stricken from 

the Naval Vessel Register. 

(f) INAPPLICABILITY OF ADVERTISING REQUIREMENT.—Section 

3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5) does not apply to sales 

of service craft and boats described in subsection (a). 
§ 7313 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 2004 

(g) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe 

regulations for the purposes of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1012(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2039.) 

§ 7313. Ship overhaul work: availability of appropriations 

for unusual cost overruns and for changes in scope 

of work 

(a) UNUSUAL COST OVERRUNS.—(1) Appropriations available to 

the Department of Defense for a fiscal year may be used for payment of unusual cost overruns incident to ship overhaul, maintenance, and repair for a vessel inducted into an industrial-fund activity or contracted for during a prior fiscal year. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall notify Congress promptly before an obligation is incurred for any payment under paragraph (1). 

(b) CHANGES IN SCOPE OF WORK.—An appropriation available 

to the Department of Defense for a fiscal year may be used after 

the otherwise-applicable expiration of the availability for obligation 

of that appropriation— 

(1) for payments to an industrial-fund activity for amounts 

required because of changes in the scope of work for ship overhaul, maintenance, and repair, in the case of work inducted 

into the industrial-fund activity during the fiscal year; and 

(2) for payments under a contract for amounts required because of changes in the scope of work, in the case of a contract 

entered into during the fiscal year for ship overhaul, maintenance, and repair. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–370, Sec. 1(n)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 850.) 

§ 7314. Overhaul of naval vessels: competition between public and private shipyards 

The Secretary of the Navy should ensure, in any case in which 

the Secretary awards a project for repair, alteration, overhaul, or 

conversion of a naval vessel following competition between public 

and private shipyards, that each of the following criteria is met: 

(1) The bid of any public shipyard for the award includes— 

(A) the full costs to the United States associated with 

future retirement benefits of civilian employees of that 

shipyard consistent with computation methodology established by Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76; 

and 

(B) in a case in which equal access to the Navy supply 

system is not allowed to public and private shipyards, a 

pro rata share of the costs of the Navy supply system. 

(2) Costs applicable to oversight of the contract by the appropriate Navy supervisor of shipbuilding, conversion, and repair are added to the bid of any private shipyard for the purpose of comparability analysis. 

(3) The award is made using the results of the comparability analysis. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1225(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2054, Sec. 

7313; renumbered Sec. 7314, Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 

Stat. 1604.) 
2005 § 7315 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

§ 7315. Preservation of Navy shipbuilding capability 

(a) SHIPBUILDING CAPABILITY PRESERVATION AGREEMENTS.— 

The Secretary of the Navy may enter into an agreement, to be 

known as a ‘‘shipbuilding capability preservation agreement’’, with 

a shipbuilder under which the cost reimbursement rules described 

in subsection (b) shall be applied to the shipbuilder under a Navy 

contract for the construction of a ship. Such an agreement may be 

entered into in any case in which the Secretary determines that 

the application of such cost reimbursement rules would facilitate 

the achievement of the policy objectives set forth in section 2501(b) 

of this title. 

(b) COST REIMBURSEMENT RULES.—The cost reimbursement 

rules applicable under an agreement entered into under subsection 

(a) are as follows: 

(1) The Secretary of the Navy shall, in determining the reimbursement due a shipbuilder for its indirect costs of performing a contract for the construction of a ship for the Navy, 

allow the shipbuilder to allocate indirect costs to its private 

sector work only to the extent of the shipbuilder’s allocable indirect private sector costs, subject to paragraph (3). 

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the allocable indirect 

private sector costs of a shipbuilder are those costs of the shipbuilder that are equal to the sum of the following: 

(A) The incremental indirect costs attributable to such 

work. 

(B) The amount by which the revenue attributable to 

such private sector work exceeds the sum of— 

(i) the direct costs attributable to such private sector work; and 

(ii) the incremental indirect costs attributable to 

such private sector work. 

(3) The total amount of allocable indirect private sector 

costs for a contract covered by the agreement may not exceed 

the amount of indirect costs that a shipbuilder would have allocated to its private sector work during the period covered by 

the agreement in accordance with the shipbuilder’s established 

accounting practices. 

(c) AUTHORITY TO MODIFY COST REIMBURSEMENT RULES.—The 

cost reimbursement rules set forth in subsection (b) may be modified by the Secretary of the Navy for a particular agreement if the 

Secretary determines that modifications are appropriate to the particular situation to facilitate achievement of the policy set forth in 

section 2501(b) of this title. 

(d) APPLICABILITY.—(1) An agreement entered into with a shipbuilder under subsection (a) shall apply to each of the following 

Navy contracts with the shipbuilder: 

(A) A contract that is in effect on the date on which the 

agreement is entered into. 

(B) A contract that is awarded during the term of the 

agreement. 

(2) In a shipbuilding capability preservation agreement applicable to a shipbuilder, the Secretary may agree to apply the cost 

reimbursement rules set forth in subsection (b) to allocations of in-
§ 7316 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 2006 

direct costs to private sector work performed by the shipbuilder 

only with respect to costs that the shipbuilder incurred on or after 

November 18, 1997, under a contract between the shipbuilder and 

a private sector customer of the shipbuilder that became effective 

on or after January 26, 1996. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1027(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1878; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1066(a)(29), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 772.) 

§ 7316. Support for transfers of decommissioned vessels and 

shipboard equipment 

(a) AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary of the 

Navy may provide an entity described in subsection (b) with assistance in support of a transfer of a vessel or shipboard equipment described in such subsection that is being executed under section 

2572, 7306, 7307, or 7545 of this title, or under any other authority. 

(b) COVERED VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT.—The authority under 

this section applies— 

(1) in the case of a decommissioned vessel that— 

(A) is owned and maintained by the Navy, is located 

at a Navy facility, and is not in active use; and 

(B) is being transferred to an entity designated by the 

Secretary of the Navy or by law to receive transfer of the 

vessel; and 

(2) in the case of any shipboard equipment that— 

(A) is on a vessel described in paragraph (1)(A); and 

(B) is being transferred to an entity designated by the 

Secretary of the Navy or by law to receive transfer of the 

equipment. 

(c) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Secretary may require a recipient of 

assistance under subsection (a) to reimburse the Navy for amounts 

expended by the Navy in providing the assistance. 

(d) DEPOSIT OF FUNDS RECEIVED.—Funds received in a fiscal 

year under subsection (c) shall be credited to the appropriation 

available for such fiscal year for operation and maintenance for the 

office of the Navy managing inactive ships, shall be merged with 

other sums in the appropriation that are available for such office, 

and shall be available for the same purposes and period as the 

sums with which merged. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1015(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1591.) 

§ 7317. Status of Government rights in the designs of vessels, boats, and craft, and components thereof 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Government rights in the design of a vessel, 

boat, or craft, and its components, including the hull, decks, superstructure, and all shipboard equipment and systems, shall be determined solely as follows: 

(1) In the case of a vessel, boat, craft, or component procured through a contract, in accordance with the provisions of 

section 2320 of this title. 

(2) In the case of a vessel, boat, craft, or component procured through an instrument not governed by section 2320 of 

this title, by the terms of the instrument (other than a con-
2007 § 7317 CH. 633—NAVAL VESSELS 

tract) under which the design for such vessel, boat, craft, or 

component, as applicable, was developed for the Government. 

(b) CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSEDING AUTHORITIES.—This section may be modified or superseded by a provision of statute only 

if such provision expressly refers to this section in modifying or superseding this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, Sec. 825(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4534.) 
2008 

[CHAPTER 635—REPEALED] 

[§§ 7341 to 7345. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 824(a)(9), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1708] 

CHAPTER 637—SALVAGE FACILITIES 

Sec. 

7361. Authority to provide for necessary salvage facilities. 

7362. Acquisition and transfer of vessels and equipment. 

7363. Settlement of claims. 

7364. Disposition of receipts. 

§ 7361. Authority to provide for necessary salvage facilities 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy may provide, by 

contract or otherwise, necessary salvage facilities for public and 

private vessels. 

(b) COORDINATION WITH SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY.—The Secretary shall submit to the Secretary of Homeland 

Security for comment each proposed contract for salvage facilities 

that affects the interests of the Department of Homeland Security. 

(c) LIMITATION.—The Secretary of the Navy may enter into a 

term contract under subsection (a) only if the Secretary determines 

that available commercial salvage facilities are inadequate to meet 

the requirements of national defense. 

(d) PUBLIC NOTICE.—The Secretary may not enter into a contract under subsection (a) until the Secretary has provided public 

notice of the intent to enter into such a contract. 

(e) SALVAGE FACILITIES DEFINED.—In this section, the term 

‘‘salvage facilities’’ includes equipment and gear utilized to prevent, 

abate, or minimize damage to the environment. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1015, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 424; amended Pub. 

L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), (6), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 315(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1431.) 

§ 7362. Acquisition and transfer of vessels and equipment 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy may acquire or 

transfer for operation by private salvage companies such vessels 

and equipment as the Secretary considers necessary. 

(b) AGREEMENT ON USE.—Before any salvage vessel or salvage 

gear is transferred by the Secretary to a private party, the private 

party must agree in writing with the Secretary that the vessel or 

gear will be used to support organized offshore salvage facilities for 

a period of as many years as the Secretary considers appropriate. 

(c) REFERENCE TO AUTHORITY TO ADVANCE FUNDS FOR IMMEDIATE SALVAGE OPERATIONS.—For authority for the Secretary of 

the Navy to advance to private salvage companies such funds as 
2009 § 7364 CH. 637—SALVAGE FACILITIES 

the Secretary considers necessary to provide for the immediate financing of salvage operations, see section 2307(g)(2) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1015, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 424.) 

§ 7363. Settlement of claims 

(a) AUTHORITY TO SETTLE CLAIM.—The Secretary of the Navy 

may settle any claim by the United States for salvage services rendered by the Department of the Navy and may receive payment of 

any such claim. 

(b) SALVAGE SERVICES DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘salvage services’’ includes services performed in connection with a marine salvage operation that are intended to prevent, abate, or minimize damage to the environment. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1015, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 425; amended Pub. 

L. 108–136, div. A, title III, Sec. 315(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1431.) 

§ 7364. Disposition of receipts 

Amounts received under this chapter shall be credited to appropriations for maintaining naval salvage facilities. However, any 

amount received under this chapter in any fiscal year in excess of 

naval salvage costs incurred by the Navy during that fiscal year 

shall be deposited into the general fund of the Treasury. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1015, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 425.) 
2010 

CHAPTER 639—UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY 

Sec. 

[7391 to 7394. Repealed.] 

7395. Naval Observatory: administration. 

7396. Naval Observatory: exchange of information with foreign offices. 

[§§ 7391 to 7394. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(50)(A), Oct. 

12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1299] 

§ 7395. Naval Observatory: administration 

(a) The Naval Observatory shall be attached to the Office of 

the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(b) The Superintendent of the Naval Observatory shall be detailed from officers in the line of the Navy serving in the grade of 

captain or above. 

(c) The Secretary of the Navy may detail any officer of the 

Navy, competent for that duty, to supervise the Nautical Almanac. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 457.) 

§ 7396. Naval Observatory: exchange of information with 

foreign offices 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may arrange to exchange data 

with foreign almanac offices to reduce the duplication of work in 

preparing the different national nautical and astronomical almanacs and make available for publication a larger amount of data 

useful to navigators and astronomers. Each such arrangement shall 

be made terminable on one year’s notice. 

(b) The work of the Nautical Almanac Office shall be so conducted that in an emergency the part of the work intended for the 

use of navigators may be computed by the force of the office without foreign cooperation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 457; Pub. L. 95–357, Sept. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 591.) 
2011 

CHAPTER 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

Sec. 

7420. Definitions. 

7421. Jurisdiction and control. 

7422. Administration. 

7423. Periodic re-examination of production requirements. 

7424. Protection of oil reserves; contracts for conservation. 

7425. Acquisition by condemnation and purchase. 

[7426. Repealed.] 

7427. Cooperative or unit plans in the naval petroleum reserves. 

7428. Agreements and leases: provision for change. 

7429. Re-lease of certain lands: lessee’s preferential right. 

7430. Disposition of products. 

7431. Requirements as to consultation and approval. 

7432. Authorizations of appropriations. 

7433. Disposition of royalties. 

[7434. Repealed.] 

7435. Foreign interest. 

7436. Regulations. 

7437. Violations by lessee. 

7438. Rifle, Colorado, plant; possession, use, and transfer of. 

7439. Certain oil shale reserves: transfer of jurisdiction and petroleum exploration, development, and production. 

§ 7420. Definitions 

In this chapter: 

(1) The term ‘‘national defense’’ includes the needs of, and 

the planning and preparedness to meet, essential defense, industrial, and military emergency energy requirements relative 

to the national safety, welfare, and economy, particularly resulting from foreign military or economic actions. 

(2) The term ‘‘naval petroleum reserves’’ means the naval 

petroleum and oil shale reserves established by this chapter, 

including Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 1 (Elk Hills), located in Kern County, California, established by Executive 

order of the President, dated September 2, 1912; Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 2 (Buena Vista), located in Kern 

County, California, established by Executive order of the President, dated December 13, 1912; Naval Petroleum Reserve 

Numbered 3 (Teapot Dome), located in Wyoming, established 

by Executive order of the President, dated April 30, 1915; Oil 

Shale Reserve Numbered 1, located in Colorado, established by 

Executive order of the President, dated December 6, 1916, as 

amended by Executive order dated June 12, 1919; Oil Shale 

Reserve Numbered 2, located in Utah, established by Executive 

order of the President, dated December 6, 1916; and Oil Shale 

Reserve Numbered 3, located in Colorado, established by Executive order of the President, dated September 27, 1924. 

(3) The term ‘‘petroleum’’ includes crude oil, gases (including natural gas), natural gasoline, and other related hydrocarbons, oil shale, and the products of any of such resources. 
§ 7421 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2012 

(4) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energy. 

(5) The term ‘‘small refiner’’ means an owner of a refinery 

or refineries (including refineries not in operation) who qualifies as a small business refiner under the rules and regulations 

of the Small Business Administration. 

(6) The term ‘‘maximum efficient rate’’ means the maximum sustainable daily oil or gas rate from a reservoir which 

will permit economic development and depletion of that reservoir without detriment to the ultimate recovery. 

(Added Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(1), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 307; amended Pub. L. 96– 

513, title V, Sec. 513(30), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2933; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(k)(5), Apr. 21, 

1987, 101 Stat. 284.) 

§ 7421. Jurisdiction and control 

(a) The Secretary shall take possession of all properties inside 

the naval petroleum reserves that are or may become subject to the 

control of and use by the United States for national defense purposes, except as otherwise provided in this chapter. 

(b) The Secretary has exclusive jurisdiction and control over 

those lands inside Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1 and 2 

that are covered by leases granted under sections 181–184, 185– 

188, 189–194, 201, 202–209, 211–214, 223, 224–226, 226d, 226e, 

227–229a, 241, 251, and 261–263 of title 30, and shall administer 

those leases. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 457; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(1), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 904; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(2), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 307; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 

1405(50), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625.) 

§ 7422. Administration 

(a) The Secretary, directly or by contract, lease, or otherwise, 

shall explore, prospect, conserve, develop, use, and operate the 

naval petroleum reserves in his discretion, subject to the provisions 

of subsection (c) and the other provisions of this chapter; except 

that no petroleum leases shall be granted at Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1 and 3. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, particularly 

subsection (c), the naval petroleum reserves shall be used and operated for— 

(1) the protection, conservation, maintenance, and testing 

of those reserves; or 

(2) the production of petroleum whenever and to the extent 

that the Secretary, with the approval of the President, finds 

that such production is needed for national defense purposes 

and the production is authorized by a joint resolution of Congress. 

(c)(1) In administering Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1, 

2, and 3, the Secretary is authorized and directed— 

(A) to further explore, develop, and operate such reserves; 

(B) to produce, during any extension of a period under 

paragraph (2), such reserves— 

(i) at the maximum efficient rate consistent with 

sound engineering practices; or 

(ii) at a lesser rate consistent with sound engineering 

practices and the protection, conservation, maintenance, 

and testing of such reserves if the Secretary determines 
2013 § 7422 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

that the minimum price described in section 7430(b)(2) of 

this title cannot be attained for the United States share of 

petroleum (other than natural gas liquids) produced from 

such Reserves; 

(C) during such production period or any extension thereof 

to sell or otherwise dispose of the United States share of such 

petroleum produced from such reserves as provided in section 

7430 of this title; and 

(D) to construct, acquire, or contract for the use of storage 

and shipping facilities on and off the reserves and pipelines 

and associated facilities on and off the reserves for transporting petroleum from such reserves to the points where the 

production from such reserves will be refined or shipped. 

Any pipeline in the vicinity of a naval petroleum reserve not otherwise operated as a common carrier may be acquired by the Secretary by condemnation, if necessary, if the owner thereof refuses 

to accept, convey, and transport without discrimination and at reasonable rates any petroleum produced at such reserve. With the approval of the Secretary, rights-of-way for new pipelines and associated facilities may be acquired by the exercise of the right of eminent domain in the appropriate United States district court. Such 

rights-of-way may be acquired in the manner set forth in sections 

3114–3116 and 3118 of title 40, and the prospective holder of the 

right-of-way is ′′the authority empowered by law to acquire the 

land’ within the meaning of those sections. Such new pipelines 

shall accept, convey, and transport without discrimination and at 

reasonable rates any petroleum produced at such reserves as a 

common carrier. 

(2) After April 5, 1982, the President may extend the period of 

production in the case of any naval petroleum reserve for additional periods of not to exceed three years each— 

(A) after the President requires an investigation to be 

made, in the case of each extension, to determine the necessity 

for continued production from such naval petroleum reserve; 

(B) after the President submits to the Congress, at least 

180 days before the expiration of the current production period 

prescribed by this section, or any extension thereof, a copy of 

the report made to him on such investigation together with a 

certification by him that continued production from such naval 

petroleum reserve is in the national interest; and 

(C) if neither House of Congress within ninety days after 

receipt of such report and certification adopts a resolution disapproving further production from such naval petroleum reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 458; Aug. 24, 1962, Pub. L. 87–599, Sec. 1, 76 Stat. 401; 

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(2), 76 Stat. 904; Apr. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–258, title II, 

Sec. 201(3), 90 Stat. 307; Dec. 12, 1979, Pub. L. 96–137, Sec. 3(a), 93 Stat. 1061; Dec. 12, 1980, 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(31), 94 Stat. 2933; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, 

Sec. 1405(51), 98 Stat. 2625; Aug. 29, 1986, Pub. L. 99–413, Sec. 1(a), 100 Stat. 944; Dec. 22, 

1987, Pub. L. 100–202, Sec. 101(g) [title II, Sec. 201], 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–242; Nov. 29, 

1989, Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1622(f)(2), 103 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 

3(b)(30), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 108–178, Sec. 4(b)(6), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 

2641.) 
§ 7423 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2014 

§ 7423. Periodic re-examination of production requirements 

The Secretary shall from time to time reexamine the need for 

the production of petroleum from oil shale for national defense 

when that production is authorized under section 7422 of this title. 

If he finds that the authorized quantity is no longer needed, he 

shall reduce production to the amount currently needed for national defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 458; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(3), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 904; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(4), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 309.) 

§ 7424. Protection of oil reserves; contracts for conservation 

(a) To consolidate and protect the oil lands owned by the 

United States, the Secretary may— 

(1) contract with owners and lessees of land inside or adjoining naval petroleum reserves for— 

(A) conservation of oil and gas; and 

(B) compensation for estimated drainage in lieu of 

drilling or operating offset wells; and 

(2) acquire privately owned lands or leases inside Naval 

Petroleum Reserve Numbered 1 by exchange of— 

(A) lands of the United States inside Naval Petroleum 

Reserve Numbered 1; 

(B) the right to royalty production from any of the 

naval petroleum reserves; and 

(C) the right to any money due the United States as 

a result of the wrongful extraction of petroleum products 

from lands inside Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 1. 

(b) The Secretary shall report annually to Congress all agreements under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 458; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(4), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 904; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(5), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

513(32)(A), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2933.) 

§ 7425. Acquisition by condemnation and purchase 

(a) Whenever the Secretary is unable to make arrangements he 

considers satisfactory for exchanges of land or agreements for conservation authorized by section 7424 of this title, the Secretary 

may acquire, with the approval of the President, such privately 

owned lands and leases— 

(1) by purchase, inside the naval petroleum reserves, or 

outside those reserves on the same geologic structure; and 

(2) by condemnation, inside Naval Petroleum Reserve 

Numbered 1, or, if there is substantial drainage, outside that 

reserve on the same geologic structure. 

(b) The Secretary shall report annually to Congress all proceedings for purchase and condemnation under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 458; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(6), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 

Stat. 309; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(32)(A), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2933; Pub. L. 106– 

398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3402(b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–484.) 

[§ 7426. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXIV, 

Sec. 3402(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

484] 
2015 § 7430 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

§ 7427. Cooperative or unit plans in the naval petroleum reserves 

The Secretary, with the consent of the President, may make 

agreements, with respect to lands inside the naval petroleum reserves, of the same type as the Secretary of the Interior may make 

under section 17(m) of the Act of February 25, 1920 (30 U.S.C. 

226(m)). No such agreement made by the Secretary may extend the 

term of any lease unless the agreement so provides. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(8), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 

Stat. 309; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(33), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 100–456, 

div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(g)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2058.) 

§ 7428. Agreements and leases: provision for change 

Every unit or cooperative plan of development and operation 

and every lease affecting lands owned by the United States within 

Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 2 and the oil shale reserves 

shall contain a provision authorizing the Secretary, subject to approval by the President and to any limitation in the plan or lease, 

to change from time to time the rate of prospecting and development on, and the quantity and rate of production from, lands of the 

United States under the plan or lease, notwithstanding any other 

provision of law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(5), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 905; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(9), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [div. 

C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3402(b)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–484.) 

§ 7429. Re-lease of certain lands: lessee’s preferential right 

The Secretary, on terms prescribed by him, may re-lease lands 

in the naval petroleum reserves that were covered by leases made 

before July 1, 1936, and terminated by law at the expiration of 

their initial twenty-year periods. If any such land is to be re-leased, 

the Secretary shall give to the former lessee preferential rights to 

the new lease. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(10), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 

Stat. 309.) 

§ 7430. Disposition of products 

(a) In administering the naval petroleum reserves under this 

chapter, the Secretary shall use, store, or sell the petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves and lands covered by 

joint, unit, or other cooperative plans. 

(b)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and notwithstanding any other 

provision of law, each sale of the United States share of petroleum 

shall be made by the Secretary at public sale to the highest qualified bidder, at such time, in such amounts, and after such advertising as the Secretary considers proper and without regard to Federal, State, or local regulations controlling sales or allocation of petroleum products. Each sale of the United States share of petroleum shall be for periods of not more than one year, except that 

a sale of natural gas may be made for a period of more than one 

year. 

(2) The Secretary may not sell any part of the United States 

share of petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 2 and 3 at a price less than the current sales price, as estimated by the Secretary, of comparable petroleum in the same area. 
§ 7430 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2016 

(3) For purposes of paragraph (2), the term ‘‘petroleum’’ does 

not include natural gas liquids. 

(c) In no event shall the Secretary permit the award of any 

contract which would result in any person obtaining control, directly or indirectly, over more than 20 percent of the estimated annual United States share of petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 1. 

(d) Each proposal for sale under this title shall provide that 

the terms of every sale of the United States share of petroleum 

from the naval petroleum reserves shall be so structured as to give 

full and equal opportunity for the acquisition of petroleum by all 

interested persons, including major and independent oil producers 

and refiners alike. When the Secretary, in consultation with the 

Secretary of the Interior, determines that the public interests will 

be served by the sale of petroleum to small refiners not having 

their own adequate sources of supply of petroleum, the Secretary 

is authorized and directed to set aside a portion of the United 

States share of petroleum produced for sale to such refiners under 

the provisions of this section for processing or use in such refineries, except that— 

(1) none of the production sold to small refiners may be resold in kind; 

(2) production must be sold at a cost of not less than the 

prevailing local market price of comparable petroleum; 

(3) the set-aside portion may not exceed 25 percent of the 

estimated annual United States share of the total production 

from all producing naval petroleum reserves; and 

(4) notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), the 

Secretary may, at his discretion if he deems it to be in the public interest, prorate such petroleum among such refiners for 

sale, without competition, at not less than the prevailing local 

market price of comparable petroleum. 

(e) Any petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves, 

except such petroleum which is either exchanged in similar quantities for convenience or increased efficiency of transportation with 

persons or the government of an adjacent foreign state, or which 

is temporarily exported for convenience or increased efficiency of 

transportation across parts of an adjacent foreign state and reenters the United States, shall be subject to all of the limitations and 

licensing requirements of the Export Administration Act of 1979 

(50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) and, in addition, before any petroleum 

subject to this section may be exported under the limitations and 

licensing requirement and penalty and enforcement provisions of 

the Export Administration Act of 1979, the President must make 

and publish an express finding that such exports will not diminish 

the total quality or quantity of petroleum available to the United 

States and that such exports are in the national interest and are 

in accord with the Export Administration Act of 1979. 

(f) During the period of production or any extension thereof authorized by section 7422(c) of this title, the consultation and approval requirements of section 7431(a)(3) of this title are waived. 

(g)(1) Prior to the promulgation of any rules and regulations, 

plans of development and amendments thereto, and in the entering 

and making of contracts and operating agreements relating to the 
2017 § 7430 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

development, production, or sale of petroleum in or from the reserves, the Secretary shall consult with and give due consideration 

to the views of the Attorney General of the United States with respect to matters which may affect competition. 

(2) No contract or operating agreement may be made, issued, 

or executed under this chapter until at least 15 days after the Secretary notifies the Attorney General of the proposed contract or operating agreement. Such notification shall contain such information 

as the Attorney General may require in order to advise the Secretary as to whether such contract or operating agreement may 

create or maintain a situation inconsistent with the antitrust laws. 

If, within such 15-day period, the Attorney General advises the 

Secretary that a contract or operating agreement may create or 

maintain a situation inconsistent with the antitrust laws, then the 

Secretary may not make, issue, or execute that contract or operating agreement. 

(h) Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to confer on any 

person immunity from civil or criminal liability, or to create defenses to actions, under the antitrust laws. 

(i) In this section, the term ‘‘antitrust laws’’ means— 

(1) the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); 

(2) the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.); 

(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 

seq.); 

(4) sections 73 and 74 of the Wilson Tariff Act (15 U.S.C. 

8 and 9); and 

(5) sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Act of June 19, 1936 (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Robinson-Patman Act’’) (15 U.S.C. 

13a, 13b, and 21a). 

(j) Any pipeline which accepts, conveys, or transports any petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1 or 

Numbered 3 shall accept, convey, and transport without discrimination and at reasonable rates any such petroleum as a common 

carrier insofar as petroleum from such reserves is concerned. Every 

contract entered into by the Secretary for the sale of any petroleum 

owned by the United States which is produced from such reserves 

shall contain provisions implementing the requirements of the preceding sentence if the contractor owns a controlling interest in any 

pipeline or any company operating any pipeline, or is the operator 

of any pipeline, which carries any petroleum produced from such 

naval petroleum reserves. The Secretary may promulgate rules and 

regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this 

section and he, or the Secretary of the Interior where the authority 

extends to him, may declare forfeit any contract, operating agreement, right-of-way, permit, or easement held by any person violating any such rule or regulation. This section shall not apply to 

any natural gas common carrier pipeline operated by any person 

subject to regulation under the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717 et 

seq.) or any public utility subject to regulation by a State or municipal regulatory agency having jurisdiction to regulate the rates and 

charges for the sale of natural gas to consumers within the State 

or municipality. 
§ 7431 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2018 

(k)(1) With respect to all or any part of the United States share 

of petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves, the 

President may direct that the Secretary— 

(A) place that petroleum in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve as authorized by sections 151 through 166 of the Energy 

Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6231–6246); or 

(B) exchange, directly or indirectly, that petroleum for 

other petroleum to be placed in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under such terms and conditions and by such methods as 

the Secretary determines to be appropriate, without regard to 

otherwise applicable Federal procurement statutes and regulations. 

(2) The requirements of section 159 of the Energy Policy and 

Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6239) do not apply to actions taken 

under this subsection. 

(l)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (but 

subject to paragraph (2)), during any period in which the production of petroleum is authorized from Naval Petroleum Reserves 

Numbered 1, 2, or 3, the Secretary, at the request of the Secretary 

of Defense, may provide any portion of the United States share of 

petroleum so produced to the Department of Defense for its use, exchange, or sale in order to meet petroleum product requirements of 

the Department of Defense. 

(2) Petroleum may be provided to the Department of Defense 

under paragraph (1) either directly or by such exchange as the Secretary deems appropriate. Appropriate reimbursement reasonably 

reflecting the fair market value shall be provided by the Secretary 

of Defense for petroleum provided under this subsection. 

(3) Any exchange made pursuant to this subsection may be 

made without regard to otherwise applicable Federal procurement 

statutes and regulations. 

(4) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any petroleum set aside for 

small refiners under subsection (d) or placed in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under subsection (k). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460; Pub. L. 87–599, Sec. 2, Aug. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 401; 

Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(6), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(11), Apr. 

5, 1976, 90 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 96–294, title VIII, Sec. 804, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 777; Pub. 

L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(34), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 11(a)(10), July 

10, 1981, 95 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(53), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625; 

Pub. L. 99–413, Sec. 1(b), (c), Aug. 29, 1986, 100 Stat. 944, 945; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(k)(9), 

Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 100–202, Sec. 101(g) [title II, Sec. 201], Dec. 22, 1987, 

101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–242; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(e)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2057; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3401], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 

1654, 1654A–484; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(e)(12), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 

1228.) 

§ 7431. Requirements as to consultation and approval 

(a) The Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the 

Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives 

must be consulted and the President’s approval must be obtained 

before any condemnation proceedings may be started under this 

chapter and before any of the following transactions authorized by 

this chapter may be effective: 

(1) A lease of any part of the naval petroleum reserves. 

(2) A contract to alienate from the United States the use, 

control, or possession of any part of the naval petroleum reserves (except that consultation and Presidential approval are 
2019 § 7432 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

not required in connection with the issuance of permits, licenses, easements, grazing and agricultural leases, rights-ofway, and similar contracts pertaining to use of the surface area 

of the naval petroleum reserves). 

(3) A contract to sell the petroleum (other than royalty oil 

and gas) produced from any part of the naval petroleum reserves. 

(4) A contract for conservation or for compensation for estimated drainage. 

(5) An agreement to exchange land, the right to royalty 

production, or the right to any money due the United States. 

(b)(1) During the period of production authorized by section 

7422(c) of this title, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 

on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 

Services of the House of Representatives any new plans or substantial amendments to ongoing plans for the exploration, development, 

and production of the naval petroleum reserves. 

(2) All plans or substantial amendments submitted to the Congress pursuant to this section shall contain a report by the Attorney General of the United States with respect to the anticipated effects of such plans or amendments on competition. Such plans or 

amendments shall not be implemented until sixty days after such 

plans or amendments have been submitted to such committees. 

(c) During the period of production authorized by section 

7422(c) of this title, the Secretary shall submit annual reports as 

of the first day of the fiscal year to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the 

House of Representatives, and such committees shall cause such 

reports to be printed as a Senate or House document, as appropriate. The Secretary shall include in such reports, with respect to 

each naval petroleum reserve, an explanation in detail of the following: 

(1) The status of the exploration, development, and production programs. 

(2) The production that has been achieved, including the 

disposition of such production and the proceeds realized therefrom. 

(3) The status of pipeline construction and procurement 

and problems related to the availability of transportation facilities. 

(4) A summary of future plans for exploration, development, production, disposal, and transportation of the production from the naval petroleum reserves. 

(5) Such other information regarding the reserve as the 

Secretary deems appropriate. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(7), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 905; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(12), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 

1405(52), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1303(a)(25), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.) 

§ 7432. Authorizations of appropriations 

(a) Funds for the following purposes may not be appropriated 

unless such appropriations have been specifically authorized by 

law: 
§ 7433 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2020 

(1) Exploration, prospecting, conservation, development, 

use, operations, and production of the naval petroleum reserves as authorized by this chapter. 

(2) Production (including preparation for production) as authorized by this chapter or as may be authorized after April 5, 

1976. 

(3) The construction and operation of facilities both within 

and outside the naval petroleum reserves incident to the production and the delivery of petroleum, including pipelines and 

shipping terminals. 

Sums appropriated for such purposes shall remain available until 

expended. 

(b) Contracts under this chapter providing for the obligation of 

funds may be entered into for a period of five years, renewable for 

an additional five-year period; however, such contracts may obligate funds only to the extent that such funds are made available 

in appropriation Acts. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 461; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(8), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 905; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(13), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 96–137, Sec. 3(b)(1), 

Dec. 12, 1979, 93 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(35), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934.) 

§ 7433. Disposition of royalties 

(a) Any oil, gas, gasoline or other substance accruing to the 

United States as royalty from any lease under this chapter shall 

be delivered to the United States, or shall be paid for in money, 

as the Secretary elects. 

(b) All money accruing to the United States from lands in the 

naval petroleum reserves shall be covered into the Treasury. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 461; Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(9), 76 Stat. 905; 

Apr. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(14), (15), 90 Stat. 313.) 

[§ 7434. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, Sec. 1051(g), Dec. 

21, 1995, 109 Stat. 716] 

§ 7435. Foreign interest 

(a) If the laws, customs, or regulations of any foreign country 

deny the privilege of leasing public lands to citizens or corporations 

of the United States, citizens of that foreign country, or corporations controlled by citizens of that country, may not, by contract 

made after July 1, 1937, or by stock ownership, holding, or control, 

acquire or own any interest in, or right to any benefit from, any 

lease of land in the naval petroleum, naval oil shale, or other naval 

fuel reserves made under sections 181–184, 185–188, 189–194, 201, 

202–209, 211–214, 223, 224–226, 226d, 226e, 227–229a, 241, 251, 

and 261–263 of title 30, or under this chapter. 

(b) The Secretary may cancel any lease for any violation of this 

section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 461; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(11), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 906; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(17), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 313.) 

§ 7436. Regulations 

(a) The Secretary may prescribe regulations and take any proper action to accomplish the purposes of this chapter. 
2021 § 7439 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

(b) All statements, reports, and representations required by the 

regulations shall be under oath, unless otherwise specified, and in 

such form as the Secretary requires. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 461; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(18), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 

Stat. 313.) 

§ 7437. Violations by lessee 

(a) If a lessee fails to comply with any provision of this chapter, of his lease, or of regulations issued under section 7436 of this 

title that are in force on the date of his lease, the lease may be forfeited and cancelled by an appropriate proceeding in the United 

States district court for the district in which any part of the property is located. 

(b) The lease may provide appropriate methods for the settlement of disputes and remedies for breach of specified conditions. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 461.) 

§ 7438. Rifle, Colorado, plant; possession, use, and transfer of 

(a) The Secretary shall take possession of the experimental 

demonstration facility near Rifle, Colorado, which was constructed 

and operated by the Department of the Interior on lands on or near 

the naval oil shale reserves under the Act of April 5, 1944 (30 

U.S.C. 321 et seq.). 

(b) The Secretary, subject to the approval of the President, 

shall by contract, lease, or otherwise encourage the use of the facility described in subsection (a) in research, development, test, evaluation, and demonstration work. For such purposes the Secretary 

may use or lease for use by institutions, organizations, or individuals, public or private, the facility described in subsection (a) and 

may construct, install, and operate, or lease for operation additional experimental facilities on such lands. The Secretary may, 

after consultation with the Committee on Armed Services of the 

Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, mine and remove, or authorize the mining and removal, of any oil shale or products therefrom from lands in the 

naval oil shale reserves that may be needed for such experimentation. 

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed— 

(1) to authorize the commercial development and operation 

of the naval oil shale reserves by the Government in competition with private industry; or 

(2) in diminution of the responsibility of the Secretary in 

providing oil shale and products therefrom for needs of national defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 462; Pub. L. 87–796, Sec. 1(12), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 906; 

Pub. L. 94–258, title II, Sec. 201(19), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 313; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

513(37), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(2), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 

774.) 

§ 7439. Certain oil shale reserves: transfer of jurisdiction 

and petroleum exploration, development, and production 

(a) TRANSFER REQUIRED.—(1) Upon the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy shall transfer to the Secretary of the 
§ 7439 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 2022 

Interior administrative jurisdiction over all public domain lands included within Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 1 and those public domain lands included within the undeveloped tracts of Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3. 

(2) Not later than November 18, 1998, the Secretary of Energy 

shall transfer to the Secretary of the Interior administrative jurisdiction over those public domain lands included within the developed tract of Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3, which consists of approximately 6,000 acres and 24 natural gas wells, together with 

pipelines and associated facilities. 

(3) Notwithstanding the transfer of jurisdiction, the Secretary 

of Energy shall continue to be responsible for all environmental 

restoration, waste management, and environmental compliance activities that are required under Federal and State laws with respect to conditions existing on the lands at the time of the transfer. 

(4) Upon the transfer to the Secretary of the Interior of jurisdiction over public domain lands under this subsection, the other 

provisions of this chapter shall cease to apply with respect to the 

transferred lands. 

(b) AUTHORITY TO LEASE.—(1) Beginning on November 18, 

1997, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the Secretary of the Interior shall enter into leases with one or more private entities for the 

purpose of exploration for, and development and production of, petroleum (other than in the form of oil shale) located on or in public 

domain lands in Oil Shale Reserves Numbered 1 and 3 (including 

the developed tract of Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3). Any such 

lease shall be made in accordance with the requirements of the 

Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) regarding the lease of 

oil and gas lands and shall be subject to valid existing rights. 

(2) Notwithstanding the delayed transfer of the developed tract 

of Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3 under subsection (a)(2), the Secretary of the Interior shall enter into a lease under paragraph (1) 

with respect to the developed tract before November 18, 1998. 

(c) MANAGEMENT.—The Secretary of the Interior, acting 

through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, shall 

manage the lands transferred under subsection (a) in accordance 

with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 

U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) and other laws applicable to the public lands. 

(d) TRANSFER OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT.—The lease of lands by 

the Secretary of the Interior under this section may include the 

transfer, at fair market value, of any well, gathering line, or related equipment owned by the United States on the lands transferred under subsection (a) and suitable for use in the exploration, 

development, or production of petroleum on the lands. 

(e) COST MINIMIZATION.—The cost of any environmental assessment required pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act 

of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) in connection with a proposed lease 

under this section shall be paid out of unobligated amounts available for administrative expenses of the Bureau of Land Management. 

(f) TREATMENT OF RECEIPTS.—(1) Notwithstanding section 35 of 

the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 191), all moneys received during the period specified in paragraph (2) from a lease under this 

section (including moneys in the form of sales, bonuses, royalties 
2023 § 7439 CH. 641—NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES 

(including interest charges collected under the Federal Oil and Gas 

Royalty Management Act of 1982 (30 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)), and 

rentals) shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States and 

shall not be subject to distribution to the States pursuant to subsection (a) of such section 35. 

(2) The period referred to in this subsection is the period beginning on November 18, 1997, and ending on the date on which the 

Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of the Interior jointly certify 

to Congress that the sum of the moneys deposited in the Treasury 

under paragraph (1) is equal to the total of the following: 

(A) The cost of all environmental restoration, waste management, and environmental compliance activities incurred by 

the United States with respect to the lands transferred under 

subsection (a). 

(B) The cost to the United States to originally install wells, 

gathering lines, and related equipment on the transferred 

lands and any other cost incurred by the United States with 

respect to the lands. 

(g) USE OF RECEIPTS.—(1) The Secretary of the Interior may 

use, without further appropriation, not more than $1,500,000 of the 

moneys covered into the Treasury under subsection (f)(1) to cover 

the cost of any additional analysis, site characterization, and 

geotechnical studies deemed necessary by the Secretary to support 

environmental restoration, waste management, or environmental 

compliance with respect to Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3. Upon 

the completion of such studies, the Secretary of the Interior shall 

submit to Congress a report containing— 

(A) the results and conclusions of such studies; and 

(B) an estimate of the total cost of the Secretary’s preferred alternative to address environmental restoration, waste 

management, and environmental compliance needs at Oil 

Shale Reserve Numbered 3. 

(2) If the cost estimate required by paragraph (1)(B) does not 

exceed the total of the moneys covered into the Treasury under 

subsection (f)(1) and remaining available for obligation as of the 

date of submission of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary 

of the Interior may access such moneys, beginning 60 days after 

submission of the report and without further appropriation, to 

cover the costs of implementing the preferred alternative to address environmental restoration, waste management, and environmental compliance needs at Oil Shale Reserve Numbered 3. If the 

cost estimate exceeds such available moneys, the Secretary of the 

Interior may only access such moneys as authorized by subsequent 

Act of Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3404(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2059; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(c)(14), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 107– 

345, Sec. 1, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2894.) 
2024 

CHAPTER 643—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

[7471. Repealed.] 

7472. Physical examination: employees engaged in hazardous occupations. 

7473. Employment of aliens. 

[7474, 7475. Repealed.] 

7476. Administration of oaths by clerks and employees. 

7477. Transportation of dependents and household effects of civilian personnel 

stationed outside the United States: payment in lieu of transportation. 

7478. Naval War College and Marine Corps University: civilian faculty members. 

7479. Civil service mariners of Military Sealift Command: release of drug test 

results to Coast Guard. 

7480. Special agents of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service: authority to 

execute warrants and make arrests. 

[§ 7471. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(23), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 7472. Physical examination: employees engaged in hazardous occupations 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may provide for physical examination by civilians of employees engaged in hazardous occupations, 

where the professional services of the Medical Department are not 

available. The Secretary may compensate these civilians for their 

services, on a contract or fee basis, at the rates customary in the 

locality. 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 462.) 

§ 7473. Employment of aliens 

Laws prohibiting payment of compensation to a person who is 

not a citizen of the United States do not apply to a person whose 

employment by the Department of the Navy is determined by the 

Secretary of the Navy to be necessary to obtain for the armed 

forces the benefits of the special technical or scientific knowledge 

or experience possessed by that person and not readily obtainable 

from a citizen. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 462.) 

[§ 7474. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 

Stat. 663] 

[§ 7475. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–148, Sec. 1(1), Aug. 7, 1959, 73 

Stat. 302] 
2025 § 7478 CH. 643—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

§ 7476. Administration of oaths by clerks and employees 

(a) Chief clerks and inspectors attached to any office of inspector of naval material, chief clerks attached to the field service of 

the Department of the Navy, to naval shipyards and stations, and 

to Marine Corps posts and stations, and such other clerks and employees attached to those activities as the Secretary of the Navy 

designates, may administer— 

(1) oaths required by law or regulation relating to claims 

against, or applications to, the United States of officers and of 

employees of the Department; and 

(2) oaths of office to officers and employees of the Department. 

(b) There may be no compensation for the administration of 

oaths under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 463.) 

§ 7477. Transportation of dependents and household effects 

of civilian personnel stationed outside the United 

States: payment in lieu of transportation 

(a) When civilian employees of the Department of the Navy are 

located at duty stations outside the United States, the dependents 

and household effects of such personnel may be transported— 

(1) from the locations outside the United States to locations designated by such personnel or their dependents; and 

(2) from those designated locations to the duty stations to 

which the personnel are ordered. 

The Secretary of the Navy may determine the civilian employees 

whose dependents and household effects may be transported under 

this section. 

(b) Authority to transport household effects under this section 

includes authority to pack and unpack those effects. 

(c) Transportation of dependents and household effects is authorized under this section either before or after orders are issued 

relieving the civilian concerned from the duty station outside the 

United States. The transportation may be by Government or commercial facilities. 

(d) In place of the transportation in kind authorized for dependents, the Secretary may authorize the payment, after the travel has been completed, of an amount equal to the commercial transportation costs, including taxes if paid, of all parts of the travel for 

which transportation in kind was not furnished. 

(e) Current appropriations available for travel and transportation may be used for expenditures under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 463.) 

§ 7478. Naval War College and Marine Corps University: civilian faculty members 

(a) AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary of the Navy may 

employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers 

at a school of the Naval War College or of the Marine Corps University as the Secretary considers necessary. 
§ 7479 CH. 643—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 2026 

(b) COMPENSATION OF FACULTY MEMBERS.—The compensation 

of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by 

the Secretary. 

(c) APPLICATION TO CERTAIN FACULTY MEMBERS.—This section 

shall not apply with respect to professors, instructors, and lecturers 

employed at a school of the Naval War College or of the Marine 

Corps University if the duration of the principal course of instruction offered at the school or college involved is less than 10 months. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 464; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1124(c)(1), Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1559; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1109(a), (b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 

111 Stat. 1927.) 

§ 7479. Civil service mariners of Military Sealift Command: 

release of drug test results to Coast Guard 

(a) RELEASE OF DRUG TEST RESULTS TO COAST GUARD.—The 

Secretary of the Navy may release to the Commandant of the Coast 

Guard the results of a drug test of any employee of the Department 

of the Navy who is employed in any capacity on board a vessel of 

the Military Sealift Command. Any such release shall be in accordance with the standards and procedures applicable to the disclosure and reporting to the Coast Guard of drug tests results and 

drug test records of individuals employed on vessels documented 

under the laws of the United States. 

(b) WAIVER.—The results of a drug test of an employee may be 

released under subsection (a) without the prior written consent of 

the employee that is otherwise required under section 503(e) of the 

Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1987 (5 U.S.C. 7301 note). 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1103(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2141.) 

§ 7480. Special agents of the Naval Criminal Investigative 

Service: authority to execute warrants and make 

arrests 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy may authorize any 

Department of the Navy civilian employee described in subsection 

(b) to have the same authority to execute and serve warrants and 

other processes issued under the authority of the United States 

and to make arrests without a warrant as may be authorized under 

section 1585a of this title for special agents of the Defense Criminal Investigative Service. 

(b) AGENTS TO HAVE AUTHORITY.—Subsection (a) applies to 

any employee of the Department of the Navy who is a special agent 

of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (or any successor to 

that service) whose duties include conducting, supervising, or coordinating investigations of criminal activity in programs and operations of the Department of the Navy. 

(c) GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY.—The authority 

provided under subsection (a) shall be exercised in accordance with 

guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy and approved 

by the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General and any 

other applicable guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, 

the Secretary of Defense, or the Attorney General. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 554(b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–126.) 
2027 

CHAPTER 645—PROCUREMENT OF SUPPLIES AND 

SERVICES 

Sec. 

[7521. Repealed.] 

7522. Contracts for research. 

7523. Tolls and fares: payment or reimbursement. 

7524. Marine mammals: use for national defense purposes. 

[§ 7521. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–355, title II, Sec. 2001(j)(1), 

Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3303] 

§ 7522. Contracts for research 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy and, by direction of the Secretary, the Chief of Naval Research and the chiefs of bureaus may, 

without advertising, make contracts or amendments or modifications of contracts for services and materials necessary to conduct 

research and to make or secure reports, tests, models, or apparatus. A contractor supplying such services or materials need not 

be required to furnish a bond. 

(b) This section does not authorize the use of the cost-plus-apercentage-of-cost system of contracting. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 464; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(38), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 3(b)(9), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 98–525, title 

XIV, Sec. 1405(56)(B), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2626; Pub. L. 103–355, title II, Sec. 2001(j)(2), Oct. 

13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3303.) 

§ 7523. Tolls and fares: payment or reimbursement 

Naval appropriations chargeable for transportation or travel 

are available for the payment or reimbursement of ferry, bridge, 

and similar tolls and of streetcar, bus, and similar fares. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 464.) 

§ 7524. Marine mammals: use for national defense purposes 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense may authorize the taking of not more than 25 marine mammals each year for national defense purposes. Any such authorization may be made only with the concurrence of the Secretary of 

Commerce and after consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission established by section 201 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1401). 

(b) HUMANE TREATMENT REQUIRED.—A mammal taken under 

this section shall be captured, supervised, cared for, transported, 

and deployed in a humane manner consistent with conditions established by the Secretary of Commerce. 

(c) PROTECTION FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES.—A mammal may 

not be taken under this section if the mammal is determined to be 

a member of an endangered or threatened species under section 4 

of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533). 
§ 7524 CH. 645—PROCUREMENT OF SUPPLIES / SERVICES 2028 

(d) APPLICATION OF OTHER ACT.—This section applies without 

regard to the provisions of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 

1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1354(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3996.) 
2029 

CHAPTER 647—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS 

MATERIAL 

Sec. 

7541. Obsolete and other material: gift or sale to Boy Scouts of America, Naval 

Sea Cadet Corps and Young Marines of the Marine Corps League. 

7541a. Uniform clothing: sale to Naval Sea Cadet Corps. 

7541b. Authority to make grants for purposes of Naval Sea Cadet Corps. 

7542. Excess clothing: sale for distribution to needy. 

7543. Useless ordnance material: disposition of proceeds on sale. 

7544. Devices and trophies: transfer to other agencies. 

7545. Obsolete material and articles of historical interest: loan or gift. 

7546. Loan or gift of articles to ships’ sponsors and donors. 

7547. Equipment for instruction in seamanship: loan to military schools. 

§ 7541. Obsolete and other material: gift or sale to Boy 

Scouts of America, Naval Sea Cadet Corps and 

Young Marines of the Marine Corps League 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Navy may— 

(1) give obsolete material not needed for naval purposes; 

and 

(2) sell other material that may be spared at a price representing its fair value; 

to the Boy Scouts of America for the sea scouts, to the Naval Sea 

Cadet Corps for the sea cadets, and to the Young Marines of the 

Marine Corps League for the young marines. The cost of transportation and delivery of material given or sold under this section 

shall be charged to the Boy Scouts of America, to the Naval Sea 

Cadets, or to the Young Marines of the Marine Corps League, as 

the case may be. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 465; Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–628, Sec. 1, 88 Stat. 2147; 

Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(39), 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(31), 

Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 7541a. Uniform clothing: sale to Naval Sea Cadet Corps 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Navy, under regulations prescribed by him, may sell 

any item of enlisted naval uniform clothing that may be spared, at 

a price representing its fair value, to the Naval Sea Cadet Corps 

for the sea cadets and to any Federal or State maritime academy 

having a department of naval science for the maritime cadets and 

midshipmen. The cost of transportation and delivery of items sold 

under this section shall be charged to the Naval Sea Cadet Corps 

and to such Federal and State maritime academies. 

(Added Pub. L. 89–266, Sec. 1(1), Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 990; amended Pub. L. 96–513, title 

V, Sec. 513(39), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(32), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 

Stat. 1297.) 
§ 7541b CH. 647—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 2030 

§ 7541b. Authority to make grants for purposes of Naval Sea 

Cadet Corps 

Subject to the availability of funds for this purpose, the Secretary of the Navy may make grants to support the purposes of 

Naval Sea Cadet Corps, a federally chartered corporation under 

chapter 1541 of title 36. 

(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, Sec. 592(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2337.) 

§ 7542. Excess clothing: sale for distribution to needy 

(a) Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Navy, under regulations prescribed by him, may sell, 

at nominal prices, to recognized charitable organizations, to States 

and subdivisions thereof, and to municipalities nonregulation and 

excess clothing that may be available for distribution to the needy. 

The clothing may be sold only if the purchaser agrees not to resell 

it but to give it to the needy. 

(b) A fair proportionate allotment of clothing to be sold under 

this section shall be set aside for distribution in each State and the 

District of Columbia. An allotment so set aside may not be sold for 

other distribution until at least 30 days after the allotment was 

made. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 465; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(39), 

94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(33), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297.) 

§ 7543. Useless ordnance material: disposition of proceeds 

on sale 

The net proceeds of sales of useless ordnance material by the 

Department of the Navy shall be covered into the Treasury. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 465.) 

§ 7544. Devices and trophies: transfer to other agencies 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may, without reimbursement, 

transfer to the Secretary of the Treasury devices and trophies for 

the promotion of the sale of war bonds or victory bonds. The Secretary of the Treasury may sell or donate the devices and trophies 

for the promotion of the sale of such bonds. 

(b) The Secretary of the Navy may, without reimbursement, 

transfer to any agency of the United States devices and trophies for 

scientific, experimental, monumental, or display purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 465.) 

§ 7545. Obsolete material and articles of historical interest: 

loan or gift 

(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE LOANS AND GIFTS.—The Secretary of 

the Navy may lend or give, without expense to the United States, 

items described in subsection (b) that are not needed by the Department of the Navy to any of the following: 

(1) A State, Commonwealth, or possession of the United 

States, or political subdivision or municipal corporation thereof. 

(2) The District of Columbia. 

(3) A library. 

(4) A historical society. 
2031 § 7546 CH. 647—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 

(5) An educational institution whose graduates or students 

fought in a foreign war. 

(6) A servicemen’s monument association. 

(7) A State museum. 

(8) A museum or memorial operated and maintained for 

educational purposes only, whose charter denies it the right to 

operate for profit. 

(9) A post of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United 

States. 

(10) A post of the American Legion. 

(11) Any other recognized war veterans’ association. 

(12) A post of the Sons of Veterans Reserve. 

(b) ITEMS ELIGIBLE FOR DISPOSAL.—This section applies to the 

following types of property held by the Department of the Navy: 

(1) Captured, condemned, or obsolete ordnance material. 

(2) Captured, condemned, or obsolete combat or shipboard 

material. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—A loan or gift made under this section shall 

be subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary and to regulations under section 121 of title 40. 

(d) MAINTENANCE OF THE RECORDS OF THE GOVERNMENT.— 

Records of the Government as defined in section 3301 of title 44 

may not be disposed of under this section. 

(e) ALTERNATIVE AUTHORITIES TO MAKE GIFTS OR LOANS.—If 

any disposition is authorized by this section and section 2572 of 

this title, the Secretary may make the gift or loan under either section. 

(f) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER A PORTION OF A VESSEL.—The 

Secretary may lend, give, or otherwise transfer any portion of the 

hull or superstructure of a vessel stricken from the Naval Vessel 

Register and designated for scrapping to a qualified organization 

specified in subsection (a). The terms and conditions of an agreement for the transfer of a portion of a vessel under this section 

shall include a requirement that the transferee will maintain the 

material conveyed in a condition that will not diminish the historical value of the material or bring discredit upon the Navy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 466; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(39), (40), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2934, 2935; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(i), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 443; 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1043(a)–(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1218, 1219; Pub. L. 

107–217, Sec. 3(b)(34), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1062(e)(2), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2651; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(3), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 7546. Loan or gift of articles to ships’ sponsors and donors 

The Secretary of the Navy, under regulations prescribed by 

him and without expense to the United States, may lend or give— 

(1) to the sponsor of a vessel the name plate or any small 

article of negligible or sentimental value from that vessel; and 

(2) to any State, group, or organization named in section 

7545 of this title any article, material, or equipment, including 

silver service, given by it. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 466.) 
§ 7547 CH. 647—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 2032 

§ 7547. Equipment for instruction in seamanship: loan to 

military schools 

(a) Upon the application of the governor of any State having 

a seacoast or bordering on any of the Great Lakes, the President 

may direct the Secretary of the Navy to lend to one well-established military school in that State that desires to instruct its cadets in elementary seamanship one fully equipped cutter for every 

25 cadets attending the school, and such other equipment adequate 

for instruction in elementary seamanship as may be spared. 

(b) To be eligible for a loan under this section a school must— 

(1) have adequate facilities for cutter drill; 

(2) have at least 75 cadets— 

(A) at least 15 years of age; 

(B) in uniform; 

(C) receiving military instruction; and 

(D) quartered in barracks under military regulations; 

and 

(3) have the capacity to quarter and educate 150 cadets at 

one time. 

(c) Whenever a loan is made under this section, the Secretary 

shall require a bond in double the value of the property for its care 

and return when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 466.) 
2033 

CHAPTER 649—QUARTERS, UTILITIES, AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

7571. Quarters or other accommodations: to whom furnished. 

7572. Quarters: accommodations in place of for members on sea duty. 

7573. Quarters: temporary; transient members. 

[7574, 7575. Repealed.] 

7576. Quarters: extension telephones. 

7577. Quarters: Nurse Corps officers; assignment in hospitals. 

[7578. Repealed.] 

7579. Officers’ messes and quarters: limitations on employment of enlisted members. 

7580. Heat and light for Young Men’s Christian Association buildings. 

7581. Marine Corps post laundries: disposition of receipts. 

7582. Naval and Marine Corps Historical Centers: fee for providing historical information to the public. 

§ 7571. Quarters or other accommodations: to whom furnished 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, public quarters including heat, light, water, and refrigeration may be furnished for personnel in the following categories who 

are on active duty: 

(1) Members of the naval service. 

(2) Members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as 

a service in the Navy. 

(3) Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy. 

If public quarters are not available for any such member, the Secretary may provide lodging accommodations for him. Lodging accommodations so provided may not be occupied by the member’s 

dependents. 

(b) The Secretary may determine in any case whether public 

quarters are available within the meaning of any provision of law 

relating to the assignment of or commutation for public quarters. 

(c) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by subsection (a), except the authority 

to prescribe regulations, to any person in the Department of the 

Navy, with or without authority to make successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 467; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(41), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935.) 

§ 7572. Quarters: accommodations in place of for members 

on sea duty 

(a) If public quarters are not available, the Secretary of the 

Navy may provide lodging accommodations for any— 

(1) member of the naval service; 

(2) member of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a 

service in the Navy; or 

(3) member of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy; 
§ 7573 CH. 649—QUARTERS / UTILITIES / SERVICES 2034 

on sea duty who is deprived of his quarters on board ship because 

of repairs or because of other conditions that make his quarters uninhabitable. Lodging accommodations so provided may not be occupied by the member’s dependents. 

[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1069(a)(7), 

Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2136.] 

(c) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by subsection (a) to any person in the 

Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make 

successive redelegations. 

(d)(1) After the expiration of the authority provided in subsection (b), an officer of the naval service on sea duty who is deprived of quarters on board ship because of repairs or because of 

other conditions that make the officer’s quarters uninhabitable may 

be reimbursed for expenses incurred in obtaining quarters if it is 

impracticable to furnish the officer with accommodations under 

subsection (a). 

(2) The total amount that an officer may be reimbursed under 

this subsection may not exceed an amount equal to the basic allowance for quarters of an officer of that officer’s grade. 

(3) This subsection shall not apply to an officer who is entitled 

to basic allowance for quarters. 

(4) The Secretary may prescribe regulations to carry out this 

subsection. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 468; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–357, Sec. 3, Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1182; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(41), Dec. 

12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 207(b), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1007; Pub. 

L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 912(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 640; Pub. L. 98–525, title VI, Sec. 

602(d)(3), 603(a), title XIV, Sec. 1405(54), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2536, 2537, 2625; Pub. L. 99– 

145, title VI, Sec. 606(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 603(a), 

Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3874; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, Sec. 607(a), (b), Dec. 5, 1991, 

105 Stat. 1375; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, Sec. 603(d)(2)(D), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1783; 

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1069(a)(7), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2136.) 

§ 7573. Quarters: temporary; transient members 

Temporary quarters may be furnished on a rental basis to 

transient members of the naval service with their dependents, for 

periods not exceeding 60 days, without loss of entitlement to basic 

allowance for housing under section 403 of title 37. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 468; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, Sec. 603(d)(2)(E), Nov. 

18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1783.) 

[§§ 7574, 7575. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–166, title V, Sec. 509(d), 

Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 678] 

§ 7576. Quarters: extension telephones 

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy 

appropriated funds may be used to pay the cost of installation and 

use, other than for personal long distance calls, of extension telephones connecting public quarters occupied by personnel in the following categories with the switchboards of their official stations: 

(1) Members of the naval service. 

(2) Members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as 

a service in the Navy. 

(3) Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration serving with the Navy. 
2035 § 7581 CH. 649—QUARTERS / UTILITIES / SERVICES 

(b) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section, except the authority to 

prescribe regulations, to any person in the Department of the 

Navy, with or without the authority to make successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 469; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 8(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(41), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935.) 

§ 7577. Quarters: Nurse Corps officers; assignment in hospitals 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, officers in the Nurse Corps may be assigned quarters in 

naval hospitals. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 469.) 

[§ 7578. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(24), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 7579. Officers’ messes and quarters: limitations on employment of enlisted members 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, enlisted members of the naval service and enlisted members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the 

Navy may be assigned to duty in a service capacity in officers’ 

messes and public quarters where the Secretary finds that this use 

of the members is desirable for military reasons. 

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, retired enlisted 

members of the naval service and members of the Fleet Reserve 

and the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve may, when not on active duty, 

be voluntarily employed in any service capacity in officers’ messes 

and public quarters without additional expense to the United 

States. 

(c) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section, except the authority to 

prescribe regulations, to any person in the Department of the 

Navy, with or without the authority to make successive redelegations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 470.) 

§ 7580. Heat and light for Young Men’s Christian Association 

buildings 

The Secretary of the Navy may furnish, without charge, heat 

and light to any building of the Young Men’s Christian Association 

located at a naval activity. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 470.) 

§ 7581. Marine Corps post laundries: disposition of receipts 

(a) Money received for laundry work performed by Marine 

Corps post laundries shall be used to pay the cost of maintenance 

and operation of those laundries. Any amount remaining at the end 

of the fiscal year after the cost has been so paid shall be deposited 

in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation from which the 

cost of operating the laundries is paid. 
§ 7582 CH. 649—QUARTERS / UTILITIES / SERVICES 2036 

(b) The receipts and expenditures of Marine Corps post laundries shall be accounted for as public funds. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 470.) 

§ 7582. Naval and Marine Corps Historical Centers: fee for 

providing historical information to the public 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of the Navy may charge a person a fee for providing the person with information from the United States Naval Historical Center or the Marine Corps Historical Center that is requested by that 

person. 

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—A fee may not be charged under this section— 

(1) to a person for information that the person requests to 

carry out a duty as a member of the armed forces or an officer 

or employee of the United States; or 

(2) for a release of information under section 552 of title 

5. 

(c) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—A fee charged for providing information under this section may not exceed the cost of providing the 

information. 

(d) RETENTION OF FEES.—Amounts received under subsection 

(a) for providing information from the United States Naval Historical Center or the Marine Corps Historical Center in any fiscal year 

shall be credited to the appropriation or appropriations charged the 

costs of providing information to the public from that historical 

center during that fiscal year. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘United States Naval Historical Center’’ 

means the archive for historical records and materials of the 

Navy that the Secretary of the Navy designates as the primary 

archive for such records and materials. 

(2) The term ‘‘Marine Corps Historical Center’’ means the 

archive for historical records and materials of the Marine 

Corps that the Secretary of the Navy designates as the primary archive for such records and materials. 

(3) The terms ‘‘officer of the United States’’ and ‘‘employee 

of the United States’’ have the meanings given the terms ‘‘officer’’ and ‘‘employee’’, respectively, in sections 2104 and 2105, 

respectively, of title 5. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1085(b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–288.) 
2037 

CHAPTER 651—SHIPS’ STORES AND COMMISSARY 

STORES 

Sec. 

7601. Sales: members of the naval service and Coast Guard; widows and widowers; civilian employees and other persons. 

7602. Sales: members of Army and Air Force; prices. 

7603. Sales: veterans under treatment. 

7604. Ships’ stores: sale of goods and services. 

7605. Acceptance of Government checks outside the United States. 

7606. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or military departments and employees; prices. 

§ 7601. Sales: members of the naval service and Coast 

Guard; widows and widowers; civilian employees 

and other persons 

(a) Such stores as the Secretary of the Navy designates may 

be procured and sold to members of the naval service, members of 

the Coast Guard, and widows and widowers of such members. 

(b) The Secretary may, by regulation, provide for the procurement and sale of stores designated by him to such civilian officers 

and employees of the United States, and such other persons, as he 

considers proper— 

(1) at military installations outside the United States; and 

(2) at military installations inside the United States where 

he determines that it is impracticable for those civilian officers, 

employees, and persons to obtain those stores from private 

agencies without impairing the efficient operation of naval activities. 

However, sales to civilian officers and employees inside the United 

States may be made only to those residing within military installations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 470; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(c)(3)(A), (B), Nov. 

8, 1985, 99 Stat. 736.) 

§ 7602. Sales: members of Army and Air Force; prices 

The Navy and the Marine Corps shall sell subsistence supplies 

to any member of the Army or the Air Force at prices charged 

members of the naval service. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 471.) 

§ 7603. Sales: veterans under treatment 

A person who has been separated honorably or under honorable conditions from the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, or the Marine Corps and who is receiving care and medical treatment from 

the Public Health Service or the Department of Veterans Affairs 

may buy subsistence supplies and other supplies, except articles of 

uniform, from the Navy and the Marine Corps at prices charged 

members of the naval service. 
§ 7604 CH. 651—SHIPS’ STORES AND COMMISSARY STORES 2038 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 471; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602.) 

§ 7604. Ships’ stores: sale of goods and services 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Under such regulations and at such prices as 

the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe, the Secretary may provide for the sale of goods and services from ships’ stores to members of the naval service and to such other persons as provided by 

law. 

(b) INCIDENTAL SERVICES.—The Secretary of the Navy may provide financial services, space, utilities, and labor to ships’ stores on 

a nonreimbursable basis. 

(c) ITEMS SOLD.—Merchandise sold by ship stores afloat shall 

include items in the following categories: 

(1) Health, beauty, and barber items. 

(2) Prerecorded music and videos. 

(3) Photographic batteries and related supplies. 

(4) Appliances and accessories. 

(5) Uniform items, emblematic and athletic clothing, and 

equipment. 

(6) Luggage and leather goods. 

(7) Stationery, magazines, books, and supplies. 

(8) Sundry, games, and souvenirs. 

(9) Beverages and related food and snacks. 

(10) Laundry, tailor, and cleaning supplies. 

(11) Tobacco products. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title III, Sec. 329(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1534; amended 

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title III, Sec. 371(a), formerly Sec. 371(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1635, 

renumbered Sec. 371(a), Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title III, Sec. 340(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 

265.) 

§ 7605. Acceptance of Government checks outside the 

United States 

Notwithstanding section 3302(a) of title 31, the Secretary of 

the Navy may authorize the officer in charge of any commissary 

store or ship’s store ashore located outside the United States to— 

(1) accept any Government check tendered by a retired 

member of the Navy or the Marine Corps, a member of the 

Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve, or a member of 

the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, if the 

member is the payee of the check and the check is tendered in 

payment of amounts due from the member to the store; and 

(2) refund in cash any difference between the amount due 

and the amount of the tendered check. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 471; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(42), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 3(b)(10), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 109–163, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(V), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 7606. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed 

forces; veterans; executive or military departments 

and employees; prices 

(a)(1) The Secretary of the Navy shall procure and sell, for 

cash or credit— 

(A) articles designated by the Secretary to members of the 

Navy and Marine Corps; and 
2039 § 7606 CH. 651—SHIPS’ STORES AND COMMISSARY STORES 

(B) items of individual clothing and equipment to members 

of the Navy and Marine Corps, under such restrictions as the 

Secretary may prescribe. 

(2) An account of sales on credit shall be kept and the amount 

due reported to the Secretary. Except for articles and items acquired through the use of working capital funds under section 2208 

of this title, sales of articles shall be at cost, and sales of individual 

clothing and equipment shall be at average current prices, including overhead, as determined by the Secretary. 

(b) The Secretary shall sell subsistence supplies to members of 

other armed forces at the prices at which like property is sold to 

members of the Navy and Marine Corps. 

(c) The Secretary may sell serviceable supplies, other than subsistence supplies, to members of other armed forces for the buyers’ 

use in the service. The prices at which the supplies are sold shall 

be the same prices at which like property is sold to members of the 

Navy and Marine Corps. 

(d) A person who has been discharged honorably or under honorable conditions from the Army, Navy, Air Force or Marine Corps 

and who is receiving care and medical treatment from the Public 

Health Service or the Department of Veterans Affairs may buy subsistence supplies and other supplies, except articles of uniform, at 

the prices at which like property is sold to members of the Navy 

and Marine Corps. 

(e) Under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, exterior articles of uniform may be sold to a person who has been discharged honorably or under honorable conditions from the Navy or 

Marine Corps, at the prices at which like articles are sold to members of the Navy or Marine Corps. This subsection does not modify 

section 772 or 773 of this title. 

(f) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, payment for 

subsistence supplies shall be made in cash or by commercial credit. 

(g)(1) The Secretary may provide for the procurement and sale 

of stores designated by the Secretary to such civilian officers and 

employees of the United States, and such other persons, as the Secretary considers proper— 

(A) at military installations outside the United States; and 

(B) subject to paragraph (2), at military installations inside the United States where the Secretary determines that it 

is impracticable for those civilian officers, employees, and persons to obtain such stores from commercial enterprises without 

impairing the efficient operation of military activities. 

(2) Sales to civilian officers and employees inside the United 

States may be made under paragraph (1) only to civilian officers 

and employees residing within military installations. 

(h) Appropriations for subsistence of the Navy or Marine Corps 

may be applied to the purchase of subsistence supplies for sale to 

members of the Navy and Marine Corps on active duty for the use 

of such members and their families. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title III, Sec. 375(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 281; amended 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(63), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903.) 
2040 

CHAPTER 653—CLAIMS 

Sec. 

7621. Definitions. 

7622. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

7623. Admiralty claims by the United States. 

[7624, 7625. Repealed.] 

§ 7621. Definitions 

(a) In this chapter ‘‘vessel in the naval service’’ means— 

(1) any vessel of the Navy, manned by the Navy, or chartered on bareboat charter to the Navy; or 

(2) when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the 

Navy, any vessel of the Coast Guard, manned by the Coast 

Guard, or chartered on bareboat charter to the Coast Guard. 

(b) In this chapter ‘‘settle’’ means consider, ascertain, adjust, 

determine, and dispose of a claim, whether by full or partial allowance or by disallowance. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 472.) 

§ 7622. Admiralty claims against the United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may settle, or compromise, and 

pay in an amount not more than $15,000,000 an admiralty claim 

against the United States for— 

(1) damage caused by a vessel in the naval service or by 

other property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the 

Navy; 

(2) compensation for towage and salvage service, including 

contract salvage, rendered to a vessel in the naval service or 

to other property under the jurisdiction of the Department of 

the Navy; or 

(3) damage caused by a maritime tort committed by any 

agent or employee of the Department of the Navy or by property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy. 

(b) If a claim under this section is settled or compromised for more than $15,000,000, the Secretary shall certify it to Congress. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be paid is not more than $1,000,000, the Secretary may delegate his authority under this 

section to any person designated by him. 

(d) Upon acceptance of payment by the claimant, the settlement or compromise of a claim under this section is final and conclusive notwithstanding any other provision of law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 472; July 7, 1965, Pub. L. 89–67, 79 Stat. 212; Aug. 29, 1972, 

Pub. L. 92–417, Sec. 1(5), 86 Stat. 654; Nov. 29, 1989, Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1633, 103 Stat. 1608; Dec. 28, 2001, Pub. L. 107–107, title X, Sec. 1014(a), 115 Stat. 1212.) 

§ 7623. Admiralty claims by the United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may settle, or compromise, and 

receive payment of a claim by the United States for damage to 
2041 [§ 7625 CH. 653—CLAIMS 

property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy or 

property for which the Department has assumed an obligation to 

respond for damage, if— 

(1) the claim is— 

(A) of a kind that is within the admiralty jurisdiction 

of a district court of the United States; or 

(B) for damage caused by a vessel or floating object; 

and 

(2) the net amount to be received by the United States is 

not more than $15,000,000. 

(b)(1) In exchange for payment of an amount found to be due 

the United States under this section, the Secretary may execute a 

release of the claim on behalf of the United States. 

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), amounts received under this section shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. 

(B) Amounts received under this section for damage or loss to 

property operated and maintained with funds from a Department 

of Defense working capital fund or account shall be credited to that 

fund or account. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be received by the United 

States is not more than $1,000,000, the Secretary may delegate his 

authority under this section to any person designated by him. 

(d) Upon acceptance of payment by the Secretary, the settlement or compromise of a claim under this section is final and conclusive notwithstanding any other provision of law. 

(e) This section does not apply to any claim while there is 

pending as to that claim a suit filed by or against the United 

States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 472; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 101– 

189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1014(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1212; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, Sec. 1032, Oct. 

14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4591.) 

[§ 7624. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–533, Sec. 1(10)(A), June 29, 

1960, 74 Stat. 247] 

[§ 7625. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–769, Sec. 1(2)(A), Oct. 9, 1962, 76 

Stat. 768] 
2042 

CHAPTER 655—PRIZE 

Sec. 

7651. Scope of chapter. 

7652. Jurisdiction. 

7653. Court in which proceedings brought. 

7654. Effect of failure to start proceedings. 

7655. Appointment of prize commissioners and special prize commissioners. 

7656. Duties of United States attorney. 

7657. Duties of commanding officer of capturing vessel. 

7658. Duties of prize master. 

7659. Libel and proceedings by United States attorney. 

7660. Duties of prize commissioners. 

7661. Interrogation of witnesses by prize commissioners. 

7662. Duties of marshal. 

7663. Prize property appropriated for the use of the United States. 

7664. Delivery of property on stipulation. 

7665. Sale of prize. 

7666. Mode of making sale. 

7667. Transfer of prize property to another district for sale. 

7668. Disposition of prize money. 

7669. Security for costs. 

7670. Costs and expenses a charge on prize property. 

7671. Payment of costs and expenses from prize fund. 

7672. Recaptures: award of salvage, costs, and expenses. 

7673. Allowance of expenses to marshals. 

7674. Payment of witness fees. 

7675. Commissions of auctioneers. 

7676. Compensation of prize commissioners and special prize commissioners. 

7677. Accounts of clerks of district courts. 

7678. Interfering with delivery, custody, or sale of prize property. 

7679. Powers of district court over prize property notwithstanding appeal. 

7680. Appeals and amendments in prize causes. 

7681. Reciprocal privileges to cobelligerent. 

§ 7651. Scope of chapter 

(a) This chapter applies to all captures of vessels as prize during war by authority of the United States or adopted and ratified 

by the President. However, this chapter does not affect the right 

of the Army or the Air Force, while engaged in hostilities, to capture wherever found and without prize procedure— 

(1) enemy property; or 

(2) neutral property used or transported in violation of the 

obligations of neutrals under international law. 

(b) As used in this chapter— 

(1) ‘‘vessel’’ includes aircraft; and 

(2) ‘‘master’’ includes the pilot or other person in command 

of an aircraft. 

(c) Property seized or taken upon the inland waters of the 

United States by its naval forces is not maritime prize. All such 

property shall be delivered promptly to the proper officers of the 

courts. 
2043 § 7653 CH. 655—PRIZE 

(d) Nothing in this chapter may be construed as contravening 

any treaty of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 474.) 

§ 7652. Jurisdiction 

(a) The United States district courts have original jurisdiction, 

exclusive of the courts of the States, of each prize and each proceeding for the condemnation of property taken as prize, if the 

prize is— 

(1) brought into the United States, or the Commonwealths 

or possessions; 

(2) brought into the territorial waters of a cobelligerent; 

(3) brought into a locality in the temporary or permanent 

possession of, or occupied by, the armed forces of the United 

States; or 

(4) appropriated for the use of the United States. 

(b) The United States district courts, exclusive of the courts of 

the States, also have original jurisdiction of a prize cause in which 

the prize property— 

(1) is lost or entirely destroyed; or 

(2) cannot be brought in for adjudication because of its condition. 

(c) The jurisdiction conferred by this section of prizes brought 

into the territorial waters of a cobelligerent may not be exercised, 

nor may prizes be appropriated for the use of the United States 

within those territorial waters, unless the government having jurisdiction over those waters consents to the exercise of the jurisdiction 

or to the appropriation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 474; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(5), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 7653. Court in which proceedings brought 

(a) If a prize is brought into a port of the United States, or the 

Commonwealths or possessions, proceedings for the adjudication of 

the prize cause shall be brought in the district in which the port 

is located. 

(b) If a prize is brought into the territorial waters of a cobelligerent, or is brought into a locality in the temporary or permanent 

possession of, or occupied by, the armed forces of the United States, 

or is appropriated for the use of the United States, before proceedings are started, the venue of the proceedings for adjudication 

of the cause shall be in the judicial district selected by the Attorney 

General, or his designee, for the convenience of the United States. 

(c) If the prize property is lost or entirely destroyed or if, because of its condition, no part of it has been or can be sent in for 

adjudication, proceedings for adjudication of the cause may be 

brought in any district designated by the Secretary of the Navy. In 

such cases the proceeds of anything sold shall be deposited with 

the Treasurer of the United States or public depositary in or nearest the district designated by the Secretary, subject to the orders 

of the court for that district. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 474; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(5), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 
§ 7654 CH. 655—PRIZE 2044 

§ 7654. Effect of failure to start proceedings 

If a vessel is captured as prize and no proceedings for adjudication are started within a reasonable time, any party claiming the 

captured property may, in any district court as a court of prize— 

(1) move for a monition to show cause why such proceedings shall not be started; or 

(2) bring an original suit for restitution. 

The monition issued in either case shall be served on the United 

States Attorney for the district, on the Secretary of the Navy, and 

on such other persons as are designated by order of the court. 

(Aug. 10, 1956. ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 475.) 

§ 7655. Appointment of prize commissioners and special 

prize commissioners 

(a) In each judicial district there may be not more than three 

prize commissioners, one of whom is the naval prize commissioner. 

They shall be appointed by the district court for service in connection with any prize cause in which proceedings are brought under 

section 7653(a) or (c) of this title. The naval prize commissioner 

must be an officer of the Navy whose appointment is approved by 

the Secretary of the Navy. The naval prize commissioner shall protect the interests of the Department of the Navy in the prize property. At least one of the other commissioners must be a member 

of the bar of the court, of not less than three years’ standing, who 

is experienced in taking depositions. 

(b) A district court may appoint special prize commissioners to 

perform abroad, in connection with any prize cause in which proceedings are brought under section 7653(b) of this title, the duties 

prescribed for prize commissioners, and, in connection with those 

causes, to exercise anywhere such additional powers and perform 

such additional duties as the court considers proper, including the 

duties prescribed by this chapter for United States marshals. The 

court may determine the number and qualifications of the special 

prize commissioners it appoints, except that for each cause there 

shall be at least one naval special prize commissioner. The naval 

special prize commissioner must be an officer of the Navy whose 

appointment is approved by the Secretary. The naval special prize 

commissioner shall protect the interests of the Department of the 

Navy in the prize property. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 475.) 

§ 7656. Duties of United States attorney 

(a) The interests of the United States in a prize cause shall be 

represented by the United States attorney for the judicial district 

in which the prize cause is adjudicated. The United States attorney 

shall protect the interests of the United States and shall examine 

all fees, costs, and expenses sought to be charged against the prize 

fund. 

(b) In a judicial district where one or more prize causes are 

pending the United States attorney shall send to the Secretary of 

the Navy, at least once every three months, a statement of all such 
2045 § 7658 CH. 655—PRIZE 

causes in the form and covering the particulars required by the 

Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 475.) 

§ 7657. Duties of commanding officer of capturing vessel 

(a) The commanding officer of a vessel making a capture 

shall— 

(1) secure the documents of the captured vessel, including 

the log, and the documents of cargo, together with all other 

documents and papers, including letters, found on board; 

(2) inventory and seal all the documents and papers; 

(3) send the inventory and documents and papers to the 

court in which proceedings are to be had, with a written statement— 

(A) that the documents and papers sent are all the papers found, or explaining the reasons why any are missing; 

and 

(B) that the documents and papers sent are in the 

same condition as found, or explaining the reasons why 

any are in different condition; 

(4) send as witnesses to the prize court the master, one or 

more of the other officers, the supercargo, purser, or agent of 

the prize, and any other person found on board whom he believes to be interested in or to know the title, national character, or destination of the prize, and if any of the usual witnesses cannot be sent, send the reasons therefor to the court; 

and 

(5) place a competent prize master and a prize crew on 

board the prize and send the prize, the witnesses, and all documents and papers, under charge of the prize master, into port 

for adjudication. 

(b) In the absence of instructions from higher authority as to 

the port to which the prize shall be sent for adjudication, the commanding officer of the capturing vessel shall select the port that he 

considers most convenient in view of the interests of probable 

claimants. 

(c) If the captured vessel, or any part of the captured property, 

is not in condition to be sent in for adjudication, the commanding 

officer of the capturing vessel shall have a survey and an appraisal 

made by competent and impartial persons. The reports of the survey and the appraisal shall be sent to the court in which proceedings are to be had. Property so surveyed and appraised, unless 

appropriated for the use of the United States, shall be sold under 

authority of the commanding officer present. Proceeds of the sale 

shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States or in the 

public depositary most accessible to the court in which proceedings 

are to be had and subject to its order in the cause. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 476.) 

§ 7658. Duties of prize master 

The prize master shall take the captured vessel to the selected 

port. On arrival he shall— 

(1) deliver immediately to a prize commissioner the documents and papers and the inventory thereof; 
§ 7659 CH. 655—PRIZE 2046 

(2) make affidavit that the documents and papers and the 

inventory thereof and the prize property are the same and are 

in the same condition as delivered to him, or explaining any 

loss or absence or change in their condition; 

(3) report all information respecting the prize and her capture to the United States attorney; 

(4) deliver the persons sent as witnesses to the custody of 

the United States marshal; and 

(5) retain the prize in his custody until it is taken therefrom by process from the prize court. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 476.) 

§ 7659. Libel and proceedings by United States attorney 

(a) Upon receiving the report of the prize master directed by 

section 7658 of this title, the United States attorney for the district 

shall promptly— 

(1) file a libel against the prize property; 

(2) obtain a warrant from the court directing the marshal 

to take custody of the prize property; and 

(3) proceed to obtain a condemnation of the property. 

(b) In connection with the condemnation proceedings the 

United States attorney shall insure that the prize commissioners— 

(1) take proper preparatory evidence; and 

(2) take depositions de bene esse of the prize crew and of 

other transient persons who know any facts bearing on condemnation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 477.) 

§ 7660. Duties of prize commissioners 

One or more of the prize commissioners shall— 

(1) receive from the prize master the documents and papers of the captured vessel and the inventory thereof; 

(2) take the affidavit of the prize master required by section 7658 of this title; 

(3) take promptly, in the manner prescribed by section 

7661 of this title, the testimony of the witnesses sent in; 

(4) take, at the request of the United States attorney, on 

interrogatories prescribed by the court, the depositions de bene 

esse of the prize crew and others; 

(5) examine and inventory the prize property; 

(6) apply to the court for an order to the marshal to unload 

the cargo, if this is necessary to that examination and inventory; 

(7) report to the court, and notify the United States attorney, whether any of the prize property requires immediate sale 

in the interest of all parties; 

(8) report to the court, from time to time, any matter relating to the condition, custody, or disposal of the prize property 

requiring action by the court; 

(9) return to the court sealed and secured from inspection— 

(A) the documents and papers received, duly scheduled 

and numbered; 

(B) the preparatory evidence; 
2047 § 7663 CH. 655—PRIZE 

(C) the evidence taken de bene esse; and 

(D) their inventory of the prize property; and 

(10) report to the Secretary of the Navy, if, in their judgment, any of the prize property is useful to the United States 

in the prosecution of war. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 477.) 

§ 7661. Interrogation of witnesses by prize commissioners 

Witnesses before the prize commissioners shall be questioned 

separately, on interrogatories prescribed by the court, in the manner usual in prize courts. Without special authority from the court, 

the witnesses may not see the interrogatories, documents, or papers, or consult with counsel or with other persons interested in 

the cause. Witnesses who have the rights of neutrals shall be discharged as soon as practicable. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 477.) 

§ 7662. Duties of marshal 

The marshal shall— 

(1) keep in his custody all persons found on board a prize 

and sent in as witnesses, until they are released by the prize 

commissioners or the court; 

(2) keep safely in his custody all prize property under warrant from the court; 

(3) report to the court any cargo or other property that he 

thinks should be unloaded and stored or sold; 

(4) insure the prize property, if in his judgment it is in the 

interest of all concerned; 

(5) have charge of the sale of the property, if a sale is ordered, and be responsible for the conduct of the sale in the 

manner required by the court, for the collection of the gross 

proceeds, and for their immediate deposit with the Treasurer 

of the United States or public depositary nearest the place of 

sale, subject to the order of the court in the cause; and 

(6) submit to the Secretary of the Navy, at such times as 

the Secretary designates, a full statement of the condition of 

the prize and of the disposal made thereof. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 478.) 

§ 7663. Prize property appropriated for the use of the 

United States 

(a) Any officer or agency designated by the President may appropriate for the use of the United States any captured vessel, 

arms, munitions, or other material taken as prize. The department 

or agency for whose use the prize property is appropriated shall deposit the value of the property with the Treasurer of the United 

States or with the public depositary nearest to the court in which 

the proceedings are to be had, subject to the orders of the court. 

(b) Whenever any captured vessel, arms, munitions, or other 

material taken as prize is appropriated for the use of the United 

States before that property comes into the custody of the prize 

court, it shall be surveyed, appraised, and inventoried by persons 

as competent and impartial as can be obtained, and the survey, appraisal, and inventory sent to the court in which the proceedings 
§ 7664 CH. 655—PRIZE 2048 

are to be had. If the property is appropriated after it comes into 

the custody of the court, sufficient notice shall be given to enable 

the court to have the property appraised for the protection of the 

rights of the claimants. 

(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), in any case where 

prize property is appropriated for the use of the United States, a 

prize court may adjudicate the cause on the basis of an inventory 

and survey and an appropriate undertaking by the United States 

to respond for the value of the property, without either an appraisal or a deposit of the value of the prize with the Treasurer of 

the United States or a public depositary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 478.) 

§ 7664. Delivery of property on stipulation 

(a) Prize property may be delivered to a claimant on stipulation, deposit, or other security, if— 

(1) the claimant satisfies the court that the property has 

a peculiar and intrinsic value to him, independent of its market value; 

(2) the court is satisfied that the rights and interests of the 

United States or of other claimants will not be prejudiced; 

(3) an opportunity is given to the United States attorney 

and the naval prize commissioner or the naval special prize 

commissioner to be heard as to the appointment of appraisers; 

and 

(4) a satisfactory appraisal is made. 

(b) Money collected on a stipulation, or deposited instead of it, 

that does not represent costs shall be deposited with the Treasurer 

of the United States or a public depositary in the same manner as 

proceeds of a sale. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 479.) 

§ 7665. Sale of prize 

(a) The court shall order a sale of prize property if— 

(1) the property has been condemned; 

(2) the court finds, at any stage of the proceedings, that 

the property is perishable, liable to deteriorate, or liable to depreciate in value; or 

(3) the cost of keeping the property is disproportionate to 

its value. 

(b) The court may order a sale of the prize property if, after 

the return-day on the libel, all the parties in interest who have appeared in the cause agree to it. 

(c) An appeal does not prevent the order of a sale under this 

section or the execution of such an order. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 479.) 

§ 7666. Mode of making sale 

(a) If a sale of prize property is ordered by the court, the marshal shall— 

(1) prepare and circulate full catalogues and schedules of 

the property to be sold and return a copy of each to the court; 

(2) advertise the sale fully and conspicuously by posters 

and in newspapers ordered by the court; 
2049 § 7669 CH. 655—PRIZE 

(3) give notice to the naval prize commissioner at least five 

days before the sale; and 

(4) keep the goods open for inspection for at least three 

days before the sale. 

(b) An auctioneer of known skill in the business to which the 

sale pertains shall be employed by the Secretary of the Navy to 

make the sale. The auctioneer, or his agent, shall collect and deposit the gross proceeds of the sale. The auctioneer and his agent 

are responsible to the marshal for the conduct of the sale and the 

collection and deposit of the gross proceeds. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 479.) 

§ 7667. Transfer of prize property to another district for sale 

(a) In the case of any prize property ordered to be sold, if the 

court believes that it will be in the interest of all parties to have 

the property sold in a judicial district other than the one in which 

the proceedings are pending, the court may direct the marshal to 

transfer the property to the district selected by the court for the 

sale, and to insure it. In such a case the court shall give the marshal proper orders as to the time and manner of conducting the 

sale. 

(b) When so ordered the marshal shall transfer the property 

and keep it safely. He is responsible for its sale in the same manner as if the property were in his own district and for the deposit 

of the gross proceeds with the Treasurer of the United States or 

public depositary nearest to the place of sale, subject to the order 

of the court for the district where the adjudication is pending. 

(c) The necessary expenses of insuring, transferring, receiving, 

keeping, and selling the property are a charge upon it and upon 

the proceeds. Whenever any such expense is paid in advance by the 

marshal, any amount not repaid to him from the proceeds shall be 

allowed to him as in the case of expenses incurred in suits in which 

the United States is a party. 

(d) If the Secretary of the Navy believes that it will be in the 

interest of all parties to have the property sold in a judicial district 

other than the one in which the proceedings are pending, he may, 

either by a general regulation or by a special direction in the cause, 

require the marshal to transfer the property from the district in 

which the judicial proceedings are pending to any other district for 

sale. In such a case proceedings shall be had as if the transfer had 

been made by order of the court. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 479.) 

§ 7668. Disposition of prize money 

The net proceeds of all property condemned as prize shall be 

decreed to the United States and shall be ordered by the court to 

be paid into the Treasury. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 480.) 

§ 7669. Security for costs 

The court may require any party to give security for costs at 

any stage of the cause and upon filing an appeal. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 480.) 
§ 7670 CH. 655—PRIZE 2050 

§ 7670. Costs and expenses a charge on prize property 

(a) Costs and expenses allowed by the court incident to the 

bringing in, custody, preservation, insurance, and sale or other disposal of prize property are a charge upon the property and shall 

be paid from the proceeds thereof, unless the court decrees restitution free from such a charge. 

(b) Charges for work and labor, materials furnished, or money 

paid must be supported by affidavit or vouchers. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 480.) 

§ 7671. Payment of costs and expenses from prize fund 

(a) Payment may not be made from a prize fund except upon 

the order of the court. The court may, at any time, order the payment, from the deposit made with the Treasurer or public depositary in the cause, of costs or charges accrued and allowed. 

(b) When the cause is finally disposed of, the court shall order 

the Treasurer or public depositary to pay the costs and charges allowed and unpaid. If the final decree is for restitution, or if there 

is no money subject to the order of the court in the cause, costs or 

charges allowed by the court and not paid by the claimants shall 

be paid out of the fund for paying the expenses of suits in which 

the United States is a party or is interested. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 480.) 

§ 7672. Recaptures: award of salvage, costs, and expenses 

(a) If a vessel or other property that has been captured by a 

force hostile to the United States is recaptured, and the court believes that the property had not been condemned as prize by competent authority before its recapture, the court shall award an appropriate sum as salvage. 

(b) If the recaptured property belonged to the United States, it 

shall be restored to the United States, and costs and expenses ordered to be paid by the court shall be paid from the Treasury. 

(c) If the recaptured property belonged to any person residing 

within or under the protection of the United States, the court shall 

restore the property to its owner upon his claim and on payment 

of such sum as the court may award as salvage, costs, and expenses. 

(d) If the recaptured property belonged to any person permanently residing within the territory and under the protection of any 

foreign government in amity with the United States, and, by the 

law or usage of that government, the property of a citizen of the 

United States would be restored under like circumstances of recapture, the court shall, upon the owner’s claim, restore the property 

to him under such terms as the law or usage of that government 

would require of a citizen of the United States under like circumstances. If no such law or usage is known, the property shall 

be restored upon the payment of such salvage, costs, and expenses 

as the court orders. 

(e) Amounts awarded as salvage under this section shall be 

paid to the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 481.) 
2051 § 7676 CH. 655—PRIZE 

§ 7673. Allowance of expenses to marshals 

The marshal shall be allowed his actual and necessary expenses for the custody, care, preservation, insurance, and sale or 

other disposal of the prize property, and for executing any order of 

the court in the prize cause. Charges of the marshal for expenses 

or disbursements shall be allowed only upon his oath that they 

have been necessarily incurred for the purpose stated. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 481.) 

§ 7674. Payment of witness fees 

If the court allows fees to any witness in a prize cause, or fees 

for taking evidence out of the district in which the court sits, and 

there is no money subject to its order in the cause, the marshal 

shall pay the fees. He shall be repaid from any money deposited 

to the order of the court in the cause. Any amount not so repaid 

to the marshal shall be allowed him as witness fees paid by him 

in cases in which the United States is a party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 481.) 

§ 7675. Commissions of auctioneers 

(a) The Secretary of the Navy may establish a scale of commissions to be paid to auctioneers employed to make sales of prize 

property. These commissions are in full satisfaction of expenses as 

well as services. The scale may in no case allow a commission in 

excess of— 

(1) 1⁄2 of 1 percent on any amount exceeding $10,000 on 

the sale of a vessel; and 

(2) 1 percent on any amount exceeding $10,000 on the sale 

of other prize property. 

(b) If no such scale is established, auctioneers in prize causes 

shall be paid such compensation as the court considers just under 

the circumstances of each case. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 481.) 

§ 7676. Compensation of prize commissioners and special 

prize commissioners 

(a) Naval prize commissioners and naval special prize commissioners may not receive compensation for their services in prize 

causes other than that to which they are entitled as officers of the 

Navy. 

(b) Prize commissioners and special prize commissioners, except naval prize commissioners and naval special prize commissioners, are entitled to just and suitable compensation for their 

services in prize causes. The amount of compensation in each cause 

shall be determined by the court and allowed as costs. 

(c) Annually, on the anniversary of his appointment, each prize 

commissioner and special prize commissioner, except a naval prize 

commissioner or a naval special prize commissioner, shall submit 

to the Attorney General an account of all amounts received for his 

services in prize causes within the previous year. Of the amounts 

reported, each such commissioner may retain not more than 

$3,000, which is in full satisfaction for all his services in prize 
§ 7677 CH. 655—PRIZE 2052 

causes for that year. He shall pay any excess over that amount into 

the Treasury. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 482.) 

§ 7677. Accounts of clerks of district courts 

(a) The clerk of each district court, for the purpose of the final 

decree in each prize cause, shall keep account of— 

(1) the amount deposited with the Treasurer or public depositary, subject to the order of the court in the cause; and 

(2) the amounts ordered to be paid therefrom as costs and 

charges. 

(b) The clerk shall draw the orders of the court for the payment of costs and allowances and for the disposition of the residue 

of the prize fund in each cause. 

(c) The clerk shall send to the Secretary of the Treasury and 

the Secretary of the Navy— 

(1) copies of final decrees in prize causes; and 

(2) a semi-annual statement of the amounts allowed by the 

court, and ordered to be paid, within the preceding six months 

to the prize commissioners and special prize commissioners for 

their services. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 482.) 

§ 7678. Interfering with delivery, custody, or sale of prize 

property 

Whoever willfully does, or aids or advises in the doing of, any 

act relating to the bringing in, custody, preservation, sale, or other 

disposition of any property captured as prize, or relating to any 

documents or papers connected with the property or to any deposition or other document or paper connected with the proceedings, 

with intent to defraud, delay, or injure the United States or any 

claimant of that property, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or 

imprisoned not more than five years, or both. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 482.) 

§ 7679. Powers of district court over prize property notwithstanding appeal 

Notwithstanding an appeal, the district court may make and 

execute all necessary orders for the custody and disposal of prize 

property. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 483.) 

§ 7680. Appeals and amendments in prize causes 

(a) A United States Court of Appeals may allow an appeal in 

a prize cause if it appears that a notice of appeal was filed with 

the clerk of the district court within thirty days after the final decree in that cause. 

(b) A United States Court of Appeals, if in its opinion justice 

requires it, may allow amendments in form or substance of any appeal in a prize cause. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 483.) 
2053 § 7681 CH. 655—PRIZE 

§ 7681. Reciprocal privileges to cobelligerent 

(a) A cobelligerent of the United States that consents to the exercise of jurisdiction conferred by section 7652(a) of this title with 

respect to any prize of the United States brought into the territorial waters of the cobelligerent or appropriated for the use of the 

United States within those territorial waters shall be given, upon 

proclamation by the President of the United States, like privileges 

with respect to any prize captured under the authority of that cobelligerent and brought into the territorial waters of the United 

States or appropriated for the use of the cobelligerent within the 

territorial waters of the United States. 

(b) Reciprocal recognition shall be given to the jurisdiction acquired by courts of a cobelligerent under this section and full faith 

and credit shall be given to all proceedings had or judgments rendered in the exercise of that jurisdiction. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 483.) 
2054 

CHAPTER 657—STAY OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 

Sec. 

7721. Scope of chapter. 

7722. Stay of suit. 

7723. Stay of proceedings for preserving evidence after stay of suit. 

7724. Stay of proceedings for taking evidence before suit is filed. 

7725. Stay extended or shortened. 

7726. Reconsideration of stay. 

7727. Duration of stay. 

7728. Restricted certificate. 

7729. Investigation before issue of certificate. 

7730. Evidence admissible when witness is not available. 

§ 7721. Scope of chapter 

(a) This chapter applies to any suit against the United States 

under chapter 311 of title 46 for— 

(1) damage caused by a vessel in the naval service; or 

(2) compensation for towage or salvage services, including 

contract salvage, rendered to a vessel in the naval service. 

(b) In this chapter, the term ‘‘vessel in the naval service’’ 

means— 

(1) any vessel of the Navy, manned by the Navy, or chartered on bareboat charter to the Navy; or 

(2) when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the 

Navy, any vessel of the Coast Guard, manned by the Coast 

Guard, or chartered on bareboat charter to the Coast Guard. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 483; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 513(43), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(k)(10), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 103–35, title 

II, Sec. 201(c)(11), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 98; Pub. L. 109–304, Sec. 17(a)(6), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 

Stat. 1706.) 

§ 7722. Stay of suit 

(a) Whenever in time of war the Secretary of the Navy certifies 

to a court, or to a judge of a court, in which a suit described in section 7721 of this title is pending, that the prosecution of the suit 

would tend to endanger the security of naval operations in the war, 

or would tend to interfere with those operations, all further proceedings in the suit shall be stayed. 

(b) A stay under this section does not suspend the issue of 

process to take or preserve evidence to be used in the trial or prevent the completion of action under similar process issued before 

the stay. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 484.) 

§ 7723. Stay of proceedings for preserving evidence after 

stay of suit 

If, at the time of certification under section 7722 of this title, 

or at any time before the termination of the stay based on the certificate, the Secretary of the Navy files with the court an additional 

certificate to the effect that the issue of any process to preserve evi-
2055 § 7726 CH. 657—STAY OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 

dence or the completion of action on process previously issued 

would tend to endanger the security of the United States or of any 

of its naval or military operations in the war, or would tend to 

interfere with those operations, then all proceedings for the taking 

or preserving of evidence to be used by either party in the trial 

shall be stayed. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 484.) 

§ 7724. Stay of proceedings for taking evidence before suit is 

filed 

(a) If in time of war, with respect to any claim against the 

United States on which a suit described in section 7721 of this title 

would lie, the Secretary of the Navy certifies to the court, or to a 

judge of the court, in which proceedings are pending for— 

(1) the granting of a dedimus potestatem to take depositions; 

(2) a direction to take depositions in perpetuam rei memoriam; or 

(3) the taking of depositions or production of evidence pursuant to such dedimus potestatem or direction, or pursuant to 

any other proceedings for the purpose; 

that the proceedings would tend to endanger the security of the 

United States or any of its naval or military operations in the war, 

or would tend to interfere with those operations, then the proceedings may not be started or, if they have been started, they 

shall, when the certificate is filed, be stayed. 

(b) The time during which a claimant may file suit of the type 

described in section 7721 of this title is computed by excluding the 

time during which a stay under this section or any extension of 

such a stay is in effect. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 484.) 

§ 7725. Stay extended or shortened 

The Secretary of the Navy, when a stay under this chapter is 

in effect, may file with the court, or a judge of the court, a certificate extending or shortening the time stated in the prior certificate. 

The filing of such a new certificate extends or shortens the stay to 

the period specified in the new certificate or terminates the stay if 

the new certificate so states. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 484.) 

§ 7726. Reconsideration of stay 

(a) A claimant or party who considers himself adversely affected by a stay under this chapter may serve a written notice on 

the Secretary of the Navy at Washington, D.C., requesting him to 

reconsider the stay previously issued and to issue a new certificate. 

The notice shall identify the stay by means of an attached copy of 

the certificate of the Secretary or a sufficient description of the 

stay. The notice may not contain any recital of the facts or circumstances involved. 

(b) Within ten days after receiving notice under this section, 

the Secretary or his designee shall hold a secret meeting at which 

the claimant or party, or his representative, may present any facts 

and arguments he thinks material. 
§ 7727 CH. 657—STAY OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 2056 

(c) Within ten days after a hearing under this section, the Secretary shall file with the court that ordered the stay a new certificate stating whether the stay is then to be terminated or for what 

period the stay is to continue in effect. If the Secretary fails to file 

a new certificate, the court, upon application by the claimant or 

party, shall issue an order directing the Secretary to file a new certificate within a specified time. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 485.) 

§ 7727. Duration of stay 

A stay of proceedings under this chapter remains in effect for 

the period specified in the certificate upon which it was based unless the Secretary of the Navy issues a new certificate under section 7725 or 7726 of this title changing the termination date. However, a stay under this chapter may not remain in force longer than 

six months after the cessation of hostilities. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 485.) 

§ 7728. Restricted certificate 

The Secretary of the Navy may restrict a certificate issued 

under this chapter so that it stays only the taking of testimony of 

certain witnesses or the production of evidence on certain subjects. 

The proceedings not stayed may continue. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 485.) 

§ 7729. Investigation before issue of certificate 

The Secretary of the Navy may not issue a certificate under 

this chapter until he satisfies himself by investigation that it is 

necessary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 485.) 

§ 7730. Evidence admissible when witness is not available 

Whenever the court is satisfied by appropriate evidence or by 

agreement of counsel that the United States or the claimant is unable after reasonable efforts to secure the testimony of a witness 

and— 

(1) the United States or the claimant has been prevented 

by a stay under this chapter from examining the witness; or 

(2) the United States establishes that it has refrained from 

bringing a suit or from taking the testimony of the witness in 

a pending suit to avoid endangering the security of naval operations or interfering with such operations; 

the court shall receive in evidence in place of the testimony of the 

witness— 

(1) the affidavit of the witness duly sworn to before a notary public or other authorized officer; or 

(2) the statement or testimony of the witness before a 

court-martial, a court of inquiry, or an investigation; but the 

use of such statement or testimony does not, in any litigation, 

make the remainder of the record admissible or compel the 

United States to produce the remainder of the record. 

The court shall give such weight to the affidavit, statement, or testimony as it considers proper under the circumstances. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 485.) 
2057 

CHAPTER 659—NAVAL MILITIA 

Sec. 

7851. Composition. 

7852. Appointment and enlistment in reserve components. 

7853. Release from Militia duty upon order to active duty in reserve components. 

7854. Availability of material for Naval Militia. 

§ 7851. Composition 

The Naval Militia consists of the Naval Militia of the States, 

the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 486; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(11), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 7852. Appointment and enlistment in reserve components 

In the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, any member of 

the Naval Militia may be appointed or enlisted in the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve in the grade for which he is 

qualified. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 486; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(W), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 7853. Release from Militia duty upon order to active duty 

in reserve components 

When ordered to active duty, a member of the Navy Reserve 

or the Marine Corps Reserve who is a member of the Naval Militia 

is relieved from all service and duty in the Naval Militia from the 

date of active duty specified in his orders until he is released from 

active duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 486; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(X), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 7854. Availability of material for Naval Militia 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, 

vessels, material, armament, equipment, and other facilities of the 

Navy and the Marine Corps available to the Navy Reserve and the 

Marine Corps Reserve may also be made available for issue or loan 

to any State, the District of Columbia, Guam, or the Virgin Islands 

for the use of its Naval Militia if— 

(1) at least 95 percent of the members of the portion or 

unit of the Naval Militia to which the facilities would be made 

available are members of the Navy Reserve or the Marine 

Corps Reserve; and 

(2) the organization, administration, and training of the 

Naval Militia conform to standards prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 486; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(Y), title 

X, Sec. 1057(a)(12), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3441.) 
2058 

CHAPTER 661—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

7861. Custody of departmental records and property. 

7862. Accounts of paymasters of lost or captured naval vessels. 

7863. Disposal of public stores by order of commanding officer. 

§ 7861. Custody of departmental records and property 

The Secretary of the Navy has custody and charge of all books, 

records, papers, furniture, fixtures, and other property under the 

lawful control of the executive part of the Department of the Navy. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 514(b)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055.) 

§ 7862. Accounts of paymasters of lost or captured naval 

vessels 

When settling the account of a paymaster of a lost or captured 

naval vessel, the Comptroller General in settling money accounts, 

and the Secretary of the Navy in settling property accounts, shall 

credit the account of the paymaster for the amount of provisions, 

clothing, small stores, and money for which the paymaster is 

charged that the Comptroller General or Secretary believes was 

lost inevitably because of the loss or capture. The paymaster is 

then free of liability for the provisions, clothing, small stores, and 

money. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(12)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1057, Sec. 7861; amended Pub. 

L. 97–295, Sec. 1(51)(C), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1300; renumbered Sec. 7862, Pub. L. 99–433, 

title V, Sec. 514(b)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1054.) 

§ 7863. Disposal of public stores by order of commanding officer 

When settling an account of a disbursing official, the Comptroller General shall allow disposal of public stores the disbursing 

official made under an order of a commanding officer when presented with satisfactory evidence that the order was made and that 

the stores were disposed of as the order provided. The commanding 

officer is accountable for the disposal. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(12)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1057, Sec. 7862; renumbered 

Sec. 7863, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 514(b)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1054; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, Sec. 913(c)(3)(A), (B)(i), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 104– 

201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1074(a)(20), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2660.) 
2059 

CHAPTER 663—NAMES AND INSIGNIA 

Sec. 

7881. Unauthorized use of Marine Corps insignia. 

§ 7881. Unauthorized use of Marine Corps insignia 

(a) The seal, emblem, and initials of the United States Marine 

Corps shall be deemed to be insignia of the United States. 

(b) No person may, except with the written permission of the 

Secretary of the Navy, use or imitate the seal, emblem, name, or 

initials of the United States Marine Corps in connection with any 

promotion, goods, services, or commercial activity in a manner reasonably tending to suggest that such use is approved, endorsed, or 

authorized by the Marine Corps or any other component of the Department of Defense. 

(c) Whenever it appears to the Attorney General of the United 

States that any person is engaged or is about to engage in an act 

or practice which constitutes or will constitute conduct prohibited 

by subsection (b), the Attorney General may initiate a civil proceeding in a district court of the United States to enjoin such act 

or practice. Such court may, at any time before final determination, 

enter such restraining orders or prohibitions, or take such other action as is warranted, to prevent injury to the United States or to 

any person or class of persons for whose protection the action is 

brought. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, Sec. 1532(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2631.) 
2060 

CHAPTER 665—NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC 

PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM 

Sec. 

7901. National Oceanographic Partnership Program. 

7902. National Ocean Research Leadership Council. 

7903. Ocean Research Advisory Panel. 

§ 7901. National Oceanographic Partnership Program 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of the Navy shall establish 

a program to be known as the ‘‘National Oceanographic Partnership Program’’. 

(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the program are as follows: 

(1) To promote the national goals of assuring national security, advancing economic development, protecting quality of 

life, and strengthening science education and communication 

through improved knowledge of the ocean. 

(2) To coordinate and strengthen oceanographic efforts in 

support of those goals by— 

(A) identifying and carrying out partnerships among 

Federal agencies, academia, industry, and other members 

of the oceanographic scientific community in the areas of 

data, resources, education, and communication; and 

(B) reporting annually to Congress on the program. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title II, Sec. 282(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2470.) 

§ 7902. National Ocean Research Leadership Council 

(a) COUNCIL.—There is a National Ocean Research Leadership 

Council (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the ‘‘Council’’). 

(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Council is composed of the following 

members: 

(1) The Secretary of the Navy. 

(2) The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

(3) The Director of the National Science Foundation. 

(4) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration. 

(5) The Deputy Secretary of Energy. 

(6) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection 

Agency. 

(7) The Commandant of the Coast Guard. 

(8) The Director of the United States Geological Survey of 

the Department of the Interior. 

(9) The Director of the Defense Advanced Research 

Projects Agency. 

(10) The Director of the Minerals Management Service of 

the Department of the Interior. 

(11) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology. 
2061 § 7902 CH. 665—NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM 

(12) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget. 

(13) The Under Secretary for Science and Technology of 

the Department of Homeland Security. 

(14) Other Federal officials the Council considers appropriate. 

(c) CHAIRMAN AND VICE CHAIRMAN.—(1) Except as provided in 

paragraph (2), the chairman and vice chairman of the Council shall 

be appointed every two years by a selection committee of the Council composed of, at a minimum, the Secretary of the Navy, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Director of the National Science Foundation. The 

term of office of the chairman and vice chairman shall be two 

years. A person who has previously served as chairman or vice 

chairman may be reappointed. 

(2) The first chairman of the Council shall be the Secretary of 

the Navy. The first vice chairman of the Council shall be the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

(d) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Council shall have the following responsibilities: 

(1) To prescribe policies and procedures to implement the 

National Oceanographic Partnership Program. 

(2) To review, select, and identify and allocate funds for 

partnership projects for implementation under the program, 

based on the following criteria: 

(A) Whether the project addresses critical research objectives or operational goals, such as data accessibility and 

quality assurance, sharing of resources, education, or communication. 

(B) Whether the project has, or is designed to have, 

broad participation within the oceanographic community. 

(C) Whether the partners have a long-term commitment to the objectives of the project. 

(D) Whether the resources supporting the project are 

shared among the partners. 

(E) Whether the project has been subjected to adequate peer review. 

(3) To assess whether there is a need for a facility (or facilities) to provide national centralization of oceanographic 

data, and to establish such a facility or facilities if determined 

necessary. In conducting the assessment, the Council shall review, at a minimum, the following: 

(A) The need for a national oceanographic data center. 

(B) The need for a national coastal data center. 

(C) Accessibility by potential users of such centers. 

(D) Preexisting facilities and expertise. 

(e) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than March 1 of each year, the 

Council shall submit to Congress a report on the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. The report shall contain the following: 

(1) A description of activities of the program carried out 

during the fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the report 

is prepared, together with a list of the members of the Ocean 
§ 7902 CH. 665—NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM 2062 

Research Advisory Panel and any working groups in existence 

during the fiscal year covered. 

(2) A general outline of the activities planned for the program during the fiscal year in which the report is prepared. 

(3) A summary of projects continued from the fiscal year 

before the fiscal year in which the report is prepared and 

projects expected to be started during the fiscal year in which 

the report is prepared and during the following fiscal year. 

(4) A description of the involvement of the program with 

Federal interagency coordinating entities. 

(5) The amounts requested, in the budget submitted to 

Congress pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31 for the fiscal 

year following the fiscal year in which the report is prepared, 

for the programs, projects, and activities of the program and 

the estimated expenditures under such programs, projects, and 

activities during such following fiscal year. 

(f) PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM OFFICE.—(1) The Council shall establish a partnership program office for the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. The Council shall use competitive 

procedures in selecting an operator for the partnership program office. 

(2) The Council shall assign the following duties to the partnership program office: 

(A) To establish and oversee working groups to propose 

partnership projects to the Council and advise the Council on 

such projects. 

(B) To manage the process for proposing partnership 

projects to the Council, including managing peer review of such 

projects. 

(C) To submit to the Council an annual report on the status of all partnership projects and activities of the office. 

(D) Any additional duties for the administration of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program that the Council 

considers appropriate. 

(3) The Council shall supervise the performance of duties by 

the partnership program office. 

(g) CONTRACT AND GRANT AUTHORITY.—The Council may authorize one or more of the departments or agencies represented on 

the Council to enter into contracts and make grants, using funds 

appropriated pursuant to an authorization of appropriations for the 

National Oceanographic Partnership Program, for the purpose of 

implementing the program and carrying out the responsibilities of 

the Council. 

(h) ESTABLISHMENT AND FORMS OF PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS.— (1) A partnership project under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program may be established by any instrument that the 

Council considers appropriate, including a memorandum of under 

standing, a cooperative research and development agreement, and 

any similar instrument. 

(2) Projects under the program may include demonstration 

projects. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title II, Sec. 282(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2470; Pub. L. 

105–85, div. A, title II, Sec. 241(a), title X, Sec. 1073(a)(64), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1665, 1903; 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1066(a)(30), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 107–296, 

title XVII, Sec. 1713, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2320.) 
2063 § 7903 CH. 665—NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM 

§ 7903. Ocean Research Advisory Panel 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Council shall establish an Ocean Research Advisory Panel consisting of not less than 10 and not more 

than 18 members appointed by the chairman, including the following: 

(1) One member who will represent the National Academy 

of Sciences. 

(2) One member who will represent the National Academy 

of Engineering. 

(3) One member who will represent the Institute of Medicine. 

(4) Members selected from among individuals who will represent the views of ocean industries, State governments, academia, and such other views as the chairman considers appropriate. 

(5) Members selected from among individuals eminent in 

the fields of marine science or marine policy, or related fields. 

(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Council shall assign the following 

responsibilities to the Advisory Panel: 

(1) To advise the Council on policies and procedures to implement the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. 

(2) To advise the Council on selection of partnership 

projects and allocation of funds for partnership projects for implementation under the program. 

(3) To advise the Council on matters relating to national 

oceanographic data requirements. 

(4) Any additional responsibilities that the Council considers appropriate. 

(c) FUNDING.—The Secretary of the Navy annually shall make 

funds available to support the activities of the Advisory Panel. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title II, Sec. 282(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2473; amended 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title II, Sec. 241(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1666.) 
2064 

CHAPTER 667—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

OTHER THAN TO ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

7911. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of R.O.T.C. 

7912. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of midshipmen. 

7913. Supplies: military instruction camps. 

§ 7911. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining units of R.O.T.C. 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Navy may issue arms, tentage, and equipment that the Secretary considers necessary for proper military training, to any educational institution at which no unit of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps is maintained, but which has a course in military training prescribed by the Secretary and which has at least 50 physically fit students over 14 years of age. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 377(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 84.) 

§ 7912. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having corps of midshipmen 

(a) AUTHORITY TO LEND.—The Secretary of the Navy may lend, 

without expense to the United States, magazine rifles and appendages that are not of the existing service models in use at the time 

and that are not necessary for a proper reserve supply, to any educational institution having a uniformed corps of midshipmen of sufficient number for target practice. The Secretary may also issue 40 

rounds of ball cartridges for each midshipman for each range at 

which target practice is held, but not more than 120 rounds each 

year for each midshipman participating in target practice. 

(b) RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS.—The institutions to 

which property is lent under subsection (a) shall— 

(1) use the property for target practice; 

(2) take proper care of the property; and 

(3) return the property when required. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Navy shall prescribe 

regulations to carry out this section, containing such other requirements as he considers necessary to safeguard the interests of the 

United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 377(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 85.) 

§ 7913. Supplies: military instruction camps 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Navy may issue, to any educational institution at which an officer of the naval service is detailed as professor of naval science, 

such supplies as are necessary to establish and maintain a camp 

for the military instruction of its students. The Secretary shall re-
2065 § 7913 CH. 667—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

quire a bond in the value of the property issued under this section, 

for the care and safekeeping of that property and except for property properly expended, for its return when required. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 377(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 85.) 

2067 

Subtitle D—Air Force 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

801. Definitions. [No present sections] 

803. Department of the Air Force .......................................... 8011 

805. The Air Staff .................................................................... 8031 

807. The Air Force .................................................................. 8061 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

831. Strength ........................................................................... 8201 

833. Enlistments ..................................................................... 8251 

835. Appointments in the Regular Air Force ........................ 8281 

[837. Repealed.] 

839. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 8441 

841. Active Duty ...................................................................... 8491 

843. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 8531 

845. Rank and Command ....................................................... 8571 

[847. Repealed.] 

849. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 8631 

[851. Repealed.] 

853. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 8681 

855. Hospitalization ................................................................ 8721 

857. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 8741 

[859. Repealed.] 

[860. Repealed.] 

861. Separation for Various Reasons ..................................... 8811 

[863. Repealed.] 

[865. Repealed.] 

867. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 8911 

869. Retired Grade .................................................................. 8961 

871. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 8991 

873. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 9021 

875. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 9061 

PART III—TRAINING 

901. Training Generally .......................................................... 9301 

903. United States Air Force Academy ................................. 9331 

905. Aviation Leadership Program ........................................ 9381 

907. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 9411 

909. Civil Air Patrol ................................................................ 9441 
2068 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

931. Civil Reserve Air Fleet ................................................... 9511 

933. Procurement .................................................................... 9531 

935. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 9561 

937. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 9591 

939. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 9621 

941. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 9651 

943. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 9681 

945. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons ................... 9712 

947. Transportation ................................................................ 9741 

949. Real Property .................................................................. 9771 

951. Military Claims ............................................................... 9801 

953. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 9831 
2069 

PART I—ORGANIZATION 

Chap. Sec. 

801. Definitions. [No present sections] 

803. Department of the Air Force .......................................... 8011 

805. The Air Staff .................................................................... 8031 

807. The Air Force .................................................................. 8061 

2071 

CHAPTER 801—DEFINITIONS 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

Sec. 

8011. Organization. 

8012. Department of the Air Force: seal. 

8013. Secretary of the Air Force. 

8014. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. 

8015. Under Secretary of the Air Force. 

8016. Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force. 

8017. Secretary of the Air Force: successors to duties. 

8018. Administrative Assistant. 

8019. General Counsel. 

8020. Inspector General. 

8021. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

8022. Financial management. 

8023. Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

8024. Director of Small Business Programs. 

[§ 8010. Renumbered 8011] 

§ 8011. Organization 

The Department of the Air Force is separately organized under 

the Secretary of the Air Force. It operates under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 87–651, title II, Sec. 213(a), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 524, Sec. 8010; renumbered 

Sec. 8011, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055.) 

§ 8012. Department of the Air Force: seal 

The Secretary of the Air Force shall have a seal for the Department of the Air Force. The design of the seal must be approved by 

the President. Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 488, Sec. 8011; renumbered Sec. 8012, Pub. L. 99–433, title 

V, Sec. 521(a)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055.) 

§ 8013. Secretary of the Air Force 

(a)(1) There is a Secretary of the Air Force, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of 

the Senate. The Secretary is the head of the Department of the Air 

Force. 

(2) A person may not be appointed as Secretary of the Air 

Force within five years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. 

(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense and subject to the provisions of chapter 6 of this 

title, the Secretary of the Air Force is responsible for, and has the 
§ 8013 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 2072 

authority necessary to conduct, all affairs of the Department of the 

Air Force, including the following functions: 

(1) Recruiting. 

(2) Organizing. 

(3) Supplying. 

(4) Equipping (including research and development). 

(5) Training. 

(6) Servicing. 

(7) Mobilizing. 

(8) Demobilizing. 

(9) Administering (including the morale and welfare of personnel). 

(10) Maintaining. 

(11) The construction, outfitting, and repair of military 

equipment. 

(12) The construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings, structures, and utilities and the acquisition of real property and interests in real property necessary to carry out the 

responsibilities specified in this section. 

(c) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force is also responsible 

to the Secretary of Defense for— 

(1) the functioning and efficiency of the Department of the 

Air Force; 

(2) the formulation of policies and programs by the Department of the Air Force that are fully consistent with national 

security objectives and policies established by the President or 

the Secretary of Defense; 

(3) the effective and timely implementation of policy, program, and budget decisions and instructions of the President 

or the Secretary of Defense relating to the functions of the Department of the Air Force; 

(4) carrying out the functions of the Department of the Air 

Force so as to fulfill the current and future operational requirements of the unified and specified combatant commands; 

(5) effective cooperation and coordination between the Department of the Air Force and the other military departments 

and agencies of the Department of Defense to provide for more 

effective, efficient, and economical administration and to eliminate duplication; 

(6) the presentation and justification of the positions of the 

Department of the Air Force on the plans, programs, and policies of the Department of Defense; and 

(7) the effective supervision and control of the intelligence 

activities of the Department of the Air Force. 

(d) The Secretary of the Air Force is also responsible for such 

other activities as may be prescribed by law or by the President or 

Secretary of Defense. 

(e) After first informing the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 

of the Air Force may make such recommendations to Congress relating to the Department of Defense as he considers appropriate. 

(f) The Secretary of the Air Force may assign such of his functions, powers, and duties as he considers appropriate to the Under 

Secretary of the Air Force and to the Assistant Secretaries of the 
2073 § 8014 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

Air Force. Officers of the Air Force shall, as directed by the Secretary, report on any matter to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, 

or any Assistant Secretary. 

(g) The Secretary of the Air Force may— 

(1) assign, detail, and prescribe the duties of members of 

the Air Force and civilian personnel of the Department of the 

Air Force; 

(2) change the title of any officer or activity of the Department of the Air Force not prescribed by law; and 

(3) prescribe regulations to carry out his functions, powers, 

and duties under this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055; amended Pub. L. 

99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 534, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3873; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title 

IX, Sec. 901, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1558.) 

§ 8014. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force 

(a) There is in the Department of the Air Force an Office of the 

Secretary of the Air Force. The function of the Office is to assist 

the Secretary of the Air Force in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Office of the Secretary of the Air Force is composed of 

the following: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Air Force. 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force. 

(3) The General Counsel of the Department of the Air 

Force. 

(4) The Inspector General of the Air Force. 

(5) The Chief of Legislative Liaison. 

(6) The Air Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

(7) Such other offices and officials as may be established 

by law or as the Secretary of the Air Force may establish or 

designate. 

(c)(1) The Office of the Secretary of the Air Force shall have 

sole responsibility within the Office of the Secretary and the Air 

Staff for the following functions: 

(A) Acquisition. 

(B) Auditing. 

(C) Comptroller (including financial management). 

(D) Information management. 

(E) Inspector General. 

(F) Legislative affairs. 

(G) Public affairs. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force shall establish or designate 

a single office or other entity within the Office of the Secretary of 

the Air Force to conduct each function specified in paragraph (1). 

No office or other entity may be established or designated within 

the Air Staff to conduct any of the functions specified in paragraph 

(1). 

(3) The Secretary shall prescribe the relationship of each office 

or other entity established or designated under paragraph (2) to 

the Chief of Staff and to the Air Staff and shall ensure that each 

such office or entity provides the Chief of Staff such staff support 

as the Chief of Staff considers necessary to perform his duties and 

responsibilities. 
§ 8014 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 2074 

(4) The vesting in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force 

of the responsibility for the conduct of a function specified in paragraph (1) does not preclude other elements of the executive part of 

the Department of the Air Force (including the Air Staff) from providing advice or assistance to the Chief of Staff or otherwise participating in that function within the executive part of the Department under the direction of the office assigned responsibility for 

that function in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(5) The head of the office or other entity established or designated by the Secretary to conduct the auditing function shall 

have at least five years of professional experience in accounting or 

auditing. The position shall be considered to be a career reserved 

position as defined in section 3132(a)(8) of title 5. 

(d)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Office of the Secretary of 

the Air Force shall have sole responsibility within the Office of the 

Secretary and the Air Staff for the function of research and development. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force may assign to the Air Staff 

responsibility for those aspects of the function of research and development that relate to military requirements and test and evaluation. 

(3) The Secretary shall establish or designate a single office or 

other entity within the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force to 

conduct the function specified in paragraph (1). 

(4) The Secretary shall prescribe the relationship of the office 

or other entity established or designated under paragraph (3) to 

the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and to the Air Staff and shall 

ensure that each such office or entity provides the Chief of Staff 

such staff support as the Chief of Staff considers necessary to perform his duties and responsibilities. 

(e) The Secretary of the Air Force shall ensure that the Office 

of the Secretary of the Air Force and the Air Staff do not duplicate 

specific functions for which the Secretary has assigned responsibility to the other. 

(f)(1) The total number of members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of the Air Force assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Air 

Force and on the Air Staff may not exceed 2,639. 

(2) Not more than 1,585 officers of the Air Force on the activeduty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force and on the Air Staff. 

(3) The total number of general officers assigned or detailed to 

permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force and 

on the Air Staff may not exceed 60. 

(4) The limitations in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) do not apply 

in time of war or during a national emergency declared by the 

President or Congress. The limitation in paragraph (2) does not 

apply whenever the President determines that it is in the national 

interest to increase the number of officers assigned or detailed to 

permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force or 

on the Air Staff. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1057; amended Pub. L. 

100–180, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1314(b)(7), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1175; Pub. L. 100–456, div. 

A, title III, Sec. 325(c), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

652(a)(4), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(a)(29), Dec. 
2075 § 8017 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(e)(2), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2533.) 

§ 8015. Under Secretary of the Air Force 

(a) There is an Under Secretary of the Air Force, appointed 

from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b) The Under Secretary shall perform such duties and exercise 

such powers as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1058.) 

§ 8016. Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force 

(a) There are four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force. They 

shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with 

the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b)(1) The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such duties and 

exercise such powers as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. 

(2) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. He shall 

have as his principal duty the overall supervision of manpower and 

reserve component affairs of the Department of the Air Force. 

(3) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management. The Assistant 

Secretary shall have as his principal responsibility the exercise of 

the comptroller functions of the Department of the Air Force, including financial management functions. The Assistant Secretary 

shall be responsible for all financial management activities and operations of the Department of the Air Force and shall advise the 

Secretary of the Air Force on financial management. 

(4)(A) One of the Assistant Secretaries shall be the Assistant 

Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition. The principal duty of the 

Assistant Secretary shall be the overall supervision of acquisition 

matters of the Department of the Air Force. 

(B) The Assistant Secretary shall have a Principal Military 

Deputy, who shall be a lieutenant general of the Air Force on active duty. The Principal Military Deputy shall be appointed from 

among officers who have significant experience in the areas of acquisition and program management. The position of Principal Military Deputy shall be designated as a critical acquisition position 

under section 1733 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1058; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(c)((1)), (d), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1995, 1996; Pub. L. 110– 

181, div. A, title IX, Sec. 908(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 278.) 

§ 8017. Secretary of the Air Force: successors to duties 

If the Secretary of the Air Force dies, resigns, is removed from 

office, is absent, or is disabled, the person who is highest on the 

following list, and who is not absent or disabled, shall perform the 

duties of the Secretary until the President, under section 3347 of 

title 5, directs another person to perform those duties or until the 

absence or disability ceases: 

(1) The Under Secretary of the Air Force. 
§ 8018 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 2076 

(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force, in the order 

prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force and approved by 

the Secretary of Defense. 

(3) The General Counsel of the Department of the Air 

Force. 

(4) The Chief of Staff. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 489; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 23, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1118; 

Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(9), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(4), 

Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 902(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2823.) 

§ 8018. Administrative Assistant 

The Secretary of the Air Force may appoint an Administrative 

Assistant in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. The Administrative Assistant shall perform such duties as the Secretary 

may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1059.) 

§ 8019. General Counsel 

(a) There is a General Counsel of the Department of the Air 

Force, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with 

the advice and consent of the Senate. 

(b) The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the 

Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1059; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 703(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1996.) 

§ 8020. Inspector General 

(a) There is an Inspector General of the Air Force who shall 

be detailed to such position by the Secretary of the Air Force from 

the general officers of the Air Force. An officer may not be detailed 

to such position for a tour of duty of more than four years, except 

that the Secretary may extend such a tour of duty if he makes a 

special finding that the extension is necessary in the public interest. 

(b) When directed by the Secretary or the Chief of Staff, the 

Inspector General shall— 

(1) inquire into and report upon the discipline, efficiency, 

and economy of the Air Force; and 

(2) perform any other duties prescribed by the Secretary or 

the Chief of Staff. 

(c) The Inspector General shall periodically propose programs 

of inspections to the Secretary of the Air Force and shall recommend additional inspections and investigations as may appear 

appropriate. 

(d) The Inspector General shall cooperate fully with the Inspector General of the Department of Defense in connection with the 

performance of any duty or function by the Inspector General of the 

Department of Defense under the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 

U.S.C. App. 3) regarding the Department of the Air Force. 

(e) The Inspector General shall have such deputies and assistants as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. Each such 

deputy and assistant shall be an officer detailed by the Secretary 

to that position from the officers of the Air Force for a tour of duty 
2077 § 8022 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

of not more than four years, under a procedure prescribed by the 

Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1059.) 

§ 8021. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee 

There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force an Air 

Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee. The functions, membership, and organization of that committee are set forth in section 

10305 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(4)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2982.) 

§ 8022. Financial management 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall provide that the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management shall direct and manage financial management activities and operations of 

the Department of the Air Force, including ensuring that financial 

management systems of the Department of the Air Force comply 

with subsection (b). The authority of the Assistant Secretary for 

such direction and management shall include the authority to— 

(1) supervise and direct the preparation of budget estimates of the Department of the Air Force and otherwise carry 

out, with respect to the Department of the Air Force, the functions specified for the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) in section 135(c) of this title; 

(2) approve and supervise any project to design or enhance 

a financial management system for the Department of the Air 

Force; and 

(3) approve the establishment and supervise the operation 

of any asset management system of the Department of the Air 

Force, including— 

(A) systems for cash management, credit management, 

and debt collection; and 

(B) systems for the accounting for the quantity, location, and cost of property and inventory. 

(b)(1) Financial management systems of the Department of the 

Air Force (including accounting systems, internal control systems, 

and financial reporting systems) shall be established and maintained in conformance with— 

(A) the accounting and financial reporting principles, 

standards, and requirements established by the Comptroller 

General under section 3511 of title 31; and 

(B) the internal control standards established by the 

Comptroller General under section 3512 of title 31. 

(2) Such systems shall provide for— 

(A) complete, reliable, consistent, and timely information 

which is prepared on a uniform basis and which is responsive 

to the financial information needs of department management; 

(B) the development and reporting of cost information; 

(C) the integration of accounting and budgeting information; and 

(D) the systematic measurement of performance. 

(c) The Assistant Secretary shall maintain a five-year plan describing the activities the Department of the Air Force proposes to 
§ 8023 CH. 803—DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 2078 

conduct over the next five fiscal years to improve financial management. Such plan shall be revised annually. 

(d) The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management shall transmit to the Secretary of the Air Force a report 

each year on the activities of the Assistant Secretary during the 

preceding year. Each such report shall include a description and 

analysis of the status of Department of the Air Force financial 

management. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VII, Sec. 702(c)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1995; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(a)(15), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2856; Pub. L. 104– 

106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512.) 

§ 8023. Chief of Legislative Liaison 

(a) There is a Chief of Legislative Liaison in the Department 

of the Air Force. An officer assigned to that position shall be an officer in the grade of major general. 

(b) The Chief of Legislative Liaison shall perform legislative affairs functions as specified for the Office of the Secretary of the Air 

Force by section 8014(c)(1)(F) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(e)(1)(A), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2532.) 

§ 8024. Director of Small Business Programs 

(a) DIRECTOR.—There is a Director of Small Business Programs 

in the Department of the Air Force. The Director is appointed by 

the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(b) OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS.—The Office of 

Small Business Programs of the Department of the Air Force is the 

office that is established within the Department of the Air Force 

under section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)). 

The Director of Small Business Programs is the head of such office. 

(c) DUTIES AND POWERS.—(1) The Director of Small Business 

Programs shall, subject to paragraph (2), perform such duties regarding small business programs of the Department of the Air 

Force, and shall exercise such powers regarding those programs, as 

the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. 

(2) Section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)), 

except for the designations of the Director and the Office, applies 

to the Director of Small Business Programs. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(e)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3401.) 
2079 

CHAPTER 805—THE AIR STAFF 

Sec. 

8031. The Air Staff: function; composition. 

8032. The Air Staff: general duties. 

8033. Chief of Staff. 

8034. Vice Chief of Staff. 

8035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

8036. Surgeon General: appointment; grade. 

8037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General: appointment; 

duties. 

8038. Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief. 

§ 8031. The Air Staff: function; composition 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the Air 

Force an Air Staff. The function of the Air Staff is to assist the Secretary of the Air Force in carrying out his responsibilities. 

(b) The Air Staff is composed of the following: 

(1) The Chief of Staff. 

(2) The Vice Chief of Staff. 

(3) The Deputy Chiefs of Staff. 

(4) The Assistant Chiefs of Staff. 

(5) The Surgeon General of the Air Force. 

(6) The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force. 

(7) The Chief of the Air Force Reserve. 

(8) Other members of the Air Force assigned or detailed to 

the Air Staff. 

(9) Civilian employees in the Department of the Air Force 

assigned or detailed to the Air Staff. 

(c) Except as otherwise specifically prescribed by law, the Air 

Staff shall be organized in such manner, and its members shall 

perform such duties and have such titles, as the Secretary may 

prescribe. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 490; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 45, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1121; 

Pub. L. 93–608, Sec. 1(5), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1968; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 515, Oct. 

19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(a), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1060.) 

§ 8032. The Air Staff: general duties 

(a) The Air Staff shall furnish professional assistance to the 

Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Assistant Secretaries of 

the Air Force, and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. 

(b) Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary 

of the Air Force, the Air Staff shall— 

(1) subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 8014 of this 

title, prepare for such employment of the Air Force, and for 

such recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including 

those aspects of research and development assigned by the Secretary of the Air Force), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Air Force, as will 
§ 8033 CH. 805—THE AIR STAFF 2080 

assist in the execution of any power, duty, or function of the 

Secretary or the Chief of Staff; 

(2) investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Air 

Force and its preparation to support military operations by 

combatant commands; 

(3) prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and 

instructions; 

(4) as directed by the Secretary or the Chief of Staff, coordinate the action of organizations of the Air Force; and 

(5) perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by 

law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 490; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 4(h), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 517; 

Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1060.) 

§ 8033. Chief of Staff 

(a)(1) There is a Chief of Staff of the Air Force, appointed for 

a period of four years by the President, by and with the advice and 

consent of the Senate, from the general officers of the Air Force. 

He serves at the pleasure of the President. In time of war or during 

a national emergency declared by Congress, he may be reappointed 

for a term of not more than four years. 

(2) The President may appoint an officer as Chief of Staff only 

if— 

(A) the officer has had significant experience in joint duty 

assignments; and 

(B) such experience includes at least one full tour of duty 

in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(f) of this 

title) as a general officer. 

(3) The President may waive paragraph (2) in the case of an 

officer if the President determines such action is necessary in the 

national interest. 

(b) The Chief of Staff, while so serving, has the grade of general without vacating his permanent grade. 

(c) Except as otherwise prescribed by law and subject to section 

8013(f) of this title, the Chief of Staff performs his duties under the 

authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Air Force 

and is directly responsible to the Secretary. 

(d) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief of Staff shall— 

(1) preside over the Air Staff; 

(2) transmit the plans and recommendations of the Air 

Staff to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to 

such plans and recommendations; 

(3) after approval of the plans or recommendations of the 

Air Staff by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary in 

carrying them into effect; 

(4) exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members 

and organizations of the Air Force as the Secretary determines; 

(5) perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of 

this title and other provisions of law; and 
2081 § 8035 CH. 805—THE AIR STAFF 

(6) perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the 

Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(e)(1) The Chief of Staff shall also perform the duties prescribed for him as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under section 151 of this title. 

(2) To the extent that such action does not impair the independence of the Chief of Staff in the performance of his duties as 

a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff shall inform the Secretary regarding military advice rendered by members 

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters affecting the Department of 

the Air Force. 

(3) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Chief of Staff shall keep the Secretary of the 

Air Force fully informed of significant military operations affecting 

the duties and responsibilities of the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 492, Sec. 8034; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 4(d), (e), Aug. 6, 1958, 

72 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 114, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 90–22, title 

IV, Sec. 403, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 53; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(2), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2915; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 10(b)(9), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 137; renumbered Sec. 8033 and 

amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(c), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 100–456, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 519(a)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1972.) 

§ 8034. Vice Chief of Staff 

(a) There is a Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, appointed 

by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 

from the general officers of the Air Force. 

(b) The Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, while so serving, 

has the grade of general without vacating his permanent grade. 

(c) The Vice Chief of Staff has such authority and duties with 

respect to the Department of the Air Force as the Chief of Staff, 

with the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, may delegate 

to or prescribe for him. Orders issued by the Vice Chief of Staff in 

performing such duties have the same effect as those issued by the 

Chief of Staff. 

(d) When there is a vacancy in the office of Chief of Staff or 

during the absence or disability of the Chief of Staff— 

(1) the Vice Chief of Staff shall perform the duties of the 

Chief of Staff until a successor is appointed or the absence or 

disability ceases; or 

(2) if there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice Chief of 

Staff or the Vice Chief of Staff is absent or disabled, unless the 

President directs otherwise, the most senior officer of the Air 

Force in the Air Staff who is not absent or disabled and who 

is not restricted in performance of duty shall perform the duties of the Chief of Staff until a successor to the Chief of Staff 

or the Vice Chief of Staff is appointed or until the absence or 

disability of the Chief of Staff or Vice Chief of Staff ceases, 

whichever occurs first. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 492, Sec. 8035; Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 6(d), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 

Stat. 519; renumbered Sec. 8034 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(d), Oct. 1, 1986, 

100 Stat. 1062.) 

§ 8035. Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff 

(a) The Deputy Chiefs of Staff and the Assistant Chiefs of Staff 

shall be general officers detailed to those positions. 
§ 8036 CH. 805—THE AIR STAFF 2082 

(b) The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe the number 

of Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff, for a total 

of not more than eight positions. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(e), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1062; amended Pub. L. 110– 

181, div. A, title IX, Sec. 902(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 273.) 

§ 8036. Surgeon General: appointment; grade 

There is a Surgeon General of the Air Force who is appointed 

by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate 

from officers of the Air Force who are in the Air Force medical department. The Surgeon General, while so serving, has the grade of 

lieutenant general. 

(Added Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 5(a), Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1050; amended Pub. L. 99–433, title 

V, Sec. 522(g)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 506(c), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 296.) 

§ 8037. Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate 

General: appointment; duties 

(a) There is a Judge Advocate General in the Air Force, who 

is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 

of the Senate, from officers of the Air Force. The term of office is 

four years. The Judge Advocate General, while so serving, has the 

grade of lieutenant general. 

(b) The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force shall be appointed from those officers who at the time of appointment are 

members of the bar of a Federal court or the highest court of a 

State, and who have had at least eight years of experience in legal 

duties as commissioned officers. 

(c) The Judge Advocate General, in addition to other duties 

prescribed by law— 

(1) is the legal adviser of the Secretary of the Air Force 

and of all officers and agencies of the Department of the Air 

Force; 

(2) shall direct the officers of the Air Force designated as 

judge advocates in the performance of their duties; and 

(3) shall receive, revise, and have recorded the proceedings 

of courts of inquiry and military commissions. 

(d)(1) There is a Deputy Judge Advocate General in the Air 

Force, who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate, from officers of the Air Force who have 

the qualifications prescribed in subsection (b) for the Judge Advocate General. The term of office of the Deputy Judge Advocate General is four years. An officer appointed as Deputy Judge Advocate 

General who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the 

regular grade of major general. 

(2) When there is a vacancy in the office of the Judge Advocate 

General, or during the absence or disability of the Judge Advocate 

General, the Deputy Judge Advocate General shall perform the duties of the Judge Advocate General until a successor is appointed 

or the absence or disability ceases. 

(3) When paragraph (2) cannot be complied with because of the 

absence or disability of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, the 

heads of the major divisions of the Office of the Judge Advocate 

General, in the order directed by the Secretary of the Air Force, 
2083 § 8038 CH. 805—THE AIR STAFF 

shall perform the duties of the Judge Advocate General, unless otherwise directed by the President. 

(e) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the Secretary of the Air Force, in selecting an officer for recommendation to the President under subsection (a) for appointment as the Judge Advocate General or under subsection (d) for appointment as the Deputy Judge Advocate General, shall ensure 

that the officer selected is recommended by a board of officers that, 

insofar as practicable, is subject to the procedures applicable to selection boards convened under chapter 36 of this title. 

(f) No officer or employee of the Department of Defense may 

interfere with— 

(1) the ability of the Judge Advocate General to give independent legal advice to the Secretary of the Air Force or the 

Chief of Staff of the Air Force; or 

(2) the ability of officers of the Air Force who are designated as judge advocates who are assigned or attached to, or 

performing duty with, military units to give independent legal 

advice to commanders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 495, Sec. 8072; Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 12(a), (b)(1), Sept. 8, 

1980, 94 Stat. 1130, 1131; renumbered Sec. 8037, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 522(f), Oct. 1, 

1986, 100 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2751; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 507(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 108–375, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 574(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(c), 

title X, Sec. 1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3229, 3440; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 

543(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 115.) 

§ 8038. Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief 

(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the Air 

Force an Office of Air Force Reserve which is headed by a chief 

who is the adviser to the Chief of Staff on Air Force Reserve matters. 

(b) APPOINTMENT.—(1) The President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Chief of Air Force Reserve from general officers of the Air Force Reserve who have had 

at least 10 years of commissioned service in the Air Force. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to 

the President for appointment as Chief of Air Force Reserve unless 

the officer— 

(A) is recommended by the Secretary of the Air Force; and 

(B) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience. 

(3) An officer on active duty for service as the Chief of Air 

Force Reserve shall be counted for purposes of the grade limitations under sections 525 and 526 of this title. 

(4) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may 

waive subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Chief of Air Force Reserve if the Secretary of the Air Force requests the waiver and, in the judgment 

of the Secretary of Defense— 

(A) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and 

(B) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service. 

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. 
§ 8038 CH. 805—THE AIR STAFF 2084 

(c) TERM; REAPPOINTMENT; GRADE.—(1) The Chief of Air Force 

Reserve is appointed for a period of four years, but may be removed 

for cause at any time. An officer serving as Chief of Air Force Reserve may be reappointed for one additional four-year period. 

(2) The Chief of Air Force Reserve, while so serving, holds the 

grade of lieutenant general. 

(d) BUDGET.—The Chief of Air Force Reserve is the official 

within the executive part of the Department of the Air Force who, 

subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of 

the Air Force and the Chief of Staff, is responsible for preparation, 

justification, and execution of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction budgets for the Air Force Reserve. As such, 

the Chief of Air Force Reserve is the director and functional manager of appropriations made for the Air Force Reserve in those 

areas. 

(e) FULL TIME SUPPORT PROGRAM.—The Chief of Air Force Reserve manages, with respect to the Air Force Reserve, the personnel program of the Department of Defense known as the Full 

Time Support Program. 

(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Chief of Air Force Reserve shall 

submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the 

Air Force, an annual report on the state of the Air Force Reserve 

and the ability of the Air Force Reserve to meet its missions. The 

report shall be prepared in conjunction with the Chief of Staff of 

the Air Force and may be submitted in classified and unclassified 

versions. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit the annual report 

of the Chief of Air Force Reserve under paragraph (1) to Congress, 

together with such comments on the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be transmitted at the same 

time each year that the annual report of the Secretary under section 113 of this title is submitted to Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 90–168, Sec. 2(19), Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 524, Sec. 8019; renumbered Sec. 8038 

and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(2), 522(g)(3), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1055, 

1063; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1674(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3016; Pub. L. 

104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1212(d), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2693; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1073(a)(65), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1904; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 

554(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 507(d)], Oct. 

30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–104; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 

116 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 536(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1901.) 
2085 

CHAPTER 807—THE AIR FORCE 

Sec. 

8061. Regulations. 

8062. Policy; composition; aircraft authorization. 

[8066. Repealed.] 

8067. Designation: officers to perform certain professional functions. 

8069. Air Force nurses: composition; Chief and assistant chief; appointment; 

grade. 

[8071. Repealed.] 

[8072. Renumbered.] 

8074. Commands: territorial organization. 

8075. Regular Air Force: composition. 

[8076 to 8080. Repealed.] 

8081. Assistant Surgeon General for Dental Services. 

8084. Officer career field for space. 

§ 8061. Regulations 

The President may prescribe regulations for the government of 

the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 493.) 

§ 8062. Policy; composition; aircraft authorization 

(a) It is the intent of Congress to provide an Air Force that is 

capable, in conjunction with the other armed forces, of— 

(1) preserving the peace and security, and providing for 

the defense, of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States; 

(2) supporting the national policies; 

(3) implementing the national objectives; and 

(4) overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts 

that imperil the peace and security of the United States. 

(b) There is a United States Air Force within the Department 

of the Air Force. 

(c) In general, the Air Force includes aviation forces both combat and service not otherwise assigned. It shall be organized, 

trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive 

and defensive air operations. It is responsible for the preparation 

of the air forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint 

mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components 

of the Air Force to meet the needs of war. 

(d) The Air Force consists of— 

(1) the Regular Air Force, the Air National Guard of the 

United States, the Air National Guard while in the service of 

the United States, and the Air Force Reserve; 

(2) all persons appointed or enlisted in, or conscripted into, 

the Air Force without component; and 

(3) all Air Force units and other Air Force organizations, 

with their installations and supporting and auxiliary combat, 
[§ 8066 CH. 807—THE AIR FORCE 2086 

training, administrative, and logistic elements; and all members of the Air Force, including those not assigned to units; 

necessary to form the basis for a complete and immediate mobilization for the national defense in the event of a national 

emergency. 

(e) Subject to subsection (f) of this section, chapter 831 of this 

title, and the strength authorized by law pursuant to section 115 

of this title, the authorized strength of the Air Force is 70 Regular 

Air Force groups and such separate Regular Air Force squadrons, 

reserve groups, and supporting and auxiliary regular and reserve 

units as required. 

(f) There are authorized for the Air Force 24,000 serviceable 

aircraft or 225,000 airframe tons of serviceable aircraft, whichever 

the Secretary of the Air Force considers appropriate to carry out 

this section. This subsection does not apply to guided missiles. 

(g)(1) Effective October 1, 2009, the Secretary of the Air Force 

shall maintain a total aircraft inventory of strategic airlift aircraft 

of not less than 316 aircraft. 

(2) In this subsection: 

(A) The term ‘‘strategic airlift aircraft’’ means an aircraft— 

(i) that has a cargo capacity of at least 150,000 

pounds; and 

(ii) that is capable of transporting outsized cargo an 

unrefueled range of at least 2,400 nautical miles. 

(B) The term ‘‘outsized cargo’’ means any single item of 

equipment that exceeds 1,090 inches in length, 117 inches in 

width, or 105 inches in height. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 493; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(4), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2916; Pub. L. 99–433, title I, Sec. 110(g)(10), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1004; Pub. L. 100– 

26, Sec. 7(g)(3), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1314(b)(9), 

Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1176; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(6), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 

Stat. 3441; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title I, Sec. 132, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2112; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title I, Sec. 139, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2223.) 

[§ 8066. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 201, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

§ 8067. Designation: officers to perform certain professional 

functions 

(a) Medical functions in the Air Force shall be performed by 

commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force and who are 

designated as medical officers. 

(b) Dental functions in the Air Force shall be performed by 

commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary and who are designated as 

dental officers. 

(c) Veterinary functions in the Air Force shall be performed by 

commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and who are designated as 

veterinary officers. 

(d) Medical service functions in the Air Force shall be performed by commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and who are designated as medical service officers. 
2087 § 8074 CH. 807—THE AIR FORCE 

(e) Nursing functions in the Air Force shall be performed by 

commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary and who are designated as Air 

Force nurses. 

(f) Biomedical science functions, including physician assistant 

functions and chiropractic functions, in the Air Force shall be performed by commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and who are designated as biomedical science officers. 

(g) Judge advocate functions in the Air Force shall be performed by commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and who are designated as judge advocates. 

(h) Chaplain functions in the Air Force shall be performed by 

commissioned officers of the Air Force who are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary and who are designated as 

chaplains. 

(i) Other functions in the Air Force requiring special training 

or experience shall be performed by members of the Air Force who 

are qualified under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and 

who are designated as being in named categories. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 494; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(156), 72 Stat. 1513; 

Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(5), 94 Stat. 2916; Dec. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97–86, 

title IV, Sec. 403, 95 Stat. 1105; Oct. 23, 1992, Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(c), 106 

Stat. 2404.) 

§ 8069. Air Force nurses: Chief and assistant chief; appointment; grade 

(a) POSITIONS OF CHIEF AND ASSISTANT CHIEF.—There are a 

Chief and assistant chief of the Air Force Nurse Corps. 

(b) CHIEF.—The Secretary of the Air Force shall appoint the 

Chief from the officers of the Regular Air Force designated as Air 

Force nurses whose regular grade is above lieutenant colonel and 

who are recommended by the Surgeon General. An appointee who 

holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the regular grade 

of major general. The Chief serves during the pleasure of the Secretary. 

(c) ASSISTANT CHIEF.—The Surgeon General shall appoint the 

assistant chief from the officers of the Regular Air Force designated 

as Air Force nurses whose regular grade is above lieutenant colonel. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2511; Pub. L. 105– 

261, div. A, title V, Sec. 505, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2004; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 504(a)(3), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2531.) 

[§ 8071. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(25), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 

Stat. 382] 

[§ 8072. Renumbered 8037] 

§ 8074. Commands: territorial organization 

(a) Except as otherwise prescribed by law or by the Secretary 

of Defense, the Air Force shall be divided into such organizations 

as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. 

(b) For Air Force purposes, the United States, its possessions, 

and other places in which the Air Force is stationed or is operating, 
§ 8075 CH. 807—THE AIR FORCE 2088 

may be divided into such areas as directed by the Secretary. Officers of the Air Force may be assigned to command Air Force activities, installations, and personnel in those areas. In the discharge 

of the Air Force’s functions or other functions authorized by law, 

officers so assigned have the duties and powers prescribed by the 

Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 495; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–599, Sec. 4(f), 72 Stat. 517; 

June 11, 1965, Pub. L. 89–37, title III, Sec. 306(a), 79 Stat. 129; Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, 

title V, Sec. 523, 100 Stat. 1063; Dec. 28, 2001, Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, Sec. 931(b), 

115 Stat. 1200; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 8075. Regular Air Force: composition 

(a) The Regular Air Force is the component of the Air Force 

that consists of persons whose continuous service on active duty in 

both peace and war is contemplated by law, and of retired members 

of the Regular Air Force. 

(b) The Regular Air Force includes— 

(1) the officers and enlisted members of the Regular Air 

Force; 

(2) the professors, registrar, and cadets at the United 

States Air Force Academy; and 

(3) the retired officers and enlisted members of the Regular Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 496; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(13), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 523.) 

[§§ 8076 to 8080. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1661(a)(3)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980] 

§ 8081. Assistant Surgeon General for Dental Services 

There is an Assistant Surgeon General for Dental Services in 

the Air Force who is appointed by the Secretary of the Air Force 

upon the recommendation of the Surgeon General from officers of 

the Air Force above the grade of lieutenant colonel who are designated as dental officers under section 8067(b) of this title. An appointee who holds a lower regular grade shall be appointed in the 

regular grade of major general. The Assistant Surgeon General for 

Dental Services serves at the pleasure of the Secretary. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, Sec. 805(c)(1), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1622; amended Pub. 

L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 506, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2004; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 504(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2179.) 

§ 8084. Officer career field for space 

The Secretary of the Air Force shall establish and implement 

policies and procedures to develop a career field for officers in the 

Air Force with technical competence in space-related matters to 

have the capability to— 

(1) develop space doctrine and concepts of space operations; 

(2) develop space systems; and 

(3) operate space systems. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, Sec. 912(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1196; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(32), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2063.) 
2089 

PART II—PERSONNEL 

Chap. Sec. 

831. Strength ........................................................................... 8201 

833. Enlistments ..................................................................... 8251 

835. Appointments in the Regular Air Force ........................ 8281 

[837. Repealed.] 

839. Temporary Appointments ............................................... 8441 

841. Active Duty ...................................................................... 8491 

843. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 8531 

845. Rank and Command ....................................................... 8571 

[847. Repealed.] 

849. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 8631 

[851. Repealed.] 

853. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 8681 

855. Hospitalization ................................................................ 8721 

857. Decorations and Awards ................................................. 8741 

[859. Repealed.] 

[860. Repealed.] 

861. Separation for Various Reasons ..................................... 8811 

[863. Repealed.] 

[865. Repealed.] 

867. Retirement for Length of Service .................................. 8911 

869. Retired Grade .................................................................. 8961 

871. Computation of Retired Pay ........................................... 8991 

873. Civilian Employees ......................................................... 9021 

875. Miscellaneous Investigation Requirements and Other 

Duties ........................................................................... 9061 

2091 

CHAPTER 831—STRENGTH 

Sec. 

[8201 to 8209. Repealed.] 

8210. Regular Air Force: strength in grade; general officers. 

[8211 to 8230. Repealed.] 

[§ 8201. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§ 8202. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, Sec. 

403(b)(3)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1545] 

[§§ 8203 to 8209. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

§ 8210. Regular Air Force: strength in grade; general officers 

(a) Subject to section 526 of this title, the authorized strength 

of the Regular Air Force in general officers on the active-duty list 

is 75/10,000 of the authorized strength of the Regular Air Force in 

commissioned officers on the active-duty list. Of this authorized 

strength, not more than one-half may be in a regular grade above 

brigadier general. 

(b) When the application of subsection (a) results in a fraction, 

a fraction of one-half or more is counted as one, and a fraction of 

less than one-half is disregarded. 

(c) General officers on the active-duty list of the Regular Air 

Force who are specifically authorized by law to hold a civil office 

under the United States, or an instrumentality thereof, are not 

counted in determining authorized strength under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 500; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(161), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1514; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2916; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1061(a)(23)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1473.) 

[§ 8211. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§ 8212. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§§ 8213 to 8215. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 202, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878] 

[§§ 8217 to 8225. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988] 

[§ 8230. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 232, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
2092 

CHAPTER 833—ENLISTMENTS 

Sec. 

8251. Definition. 

8252. Regular Air Force: gender-free basis for acceptance of original enlistments. 

[8253 to 8256. Repealed.] 

8257. Regular Air Force: aviation cadets; qualifications, grade, limitations. 

8258. Regular Air Force: reenlistment after service as an officer. 

[8259 to 8263. Repealed.] 

§ 8251. Definition 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘enlistment’’ means original enlistment or reenlistment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 503; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(19)(A), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161.) 

§ 8252. Regular Air Force: gender-free basis for acceptance 

of original enlistments 

In accepting persons for original enlistment in the Regular Air 

Force, the Secretary of the Air Force may not— 

(1) set a minimum or maximum percentage of persons who 

may be accepted for such an enlistment according to gender for 

skill categories or jobs; or 

(2) in any other way base the acceptance of a person for 

such an enlistment on gender. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1973; amended 

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, Sec. 1052(40), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2501.) 

[§ 8253. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

542(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3253] 

[§§ 8254 to 8256. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a) (4)(B), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756] 

§ 8257. Regular Air Force: aviation cadets; qualifications, 

grade, limitations 

(a) The grade of aviation cadet is a special enlisted grade in 

the Regular Air Force. 

(b) Any citizen of the United States may be enlisted as an aviation cadet, if he is otherwise qualified. 

(c) Any enlisted member of the Regular Air Force who is otherwise qualified may be designated, with his consent, as an aviation 

cadet by the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(d) Except in time of war or of emergency declared by Congress, at least 20 percent of the aviation cadets designated in each 

fiscal year shall be selected from members of the Regular Air Force 

or the Regular Army who are eligible and qualified. No person may 

be enlisted or designated as an aviation cadet unless— 

(1) he agrees in writing that, upon his successful completion of the course of training as an aviation cadet, he will ac-
2093 [§ 8262 CH. 833—ENLISTMENTS 

cept a commission as second lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve, and will serve on active duty as such for a period of 

three years, unless sooner released; and 

(2) if under 21 years of age, he has the consent of his parent or guardian to his agreement. 

(e) While on active duty, an aviation cadet is entitled to uniforms, clothing, and equipment at the expense of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 504; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(37), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1566; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 237, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2887.) 

§ 8258. Regular Air Force: reenlistment after service as an 

officer 

(a) Any former enlisted member of the Regular Air Force who 

has served on active duty as an officer of the Air Force, or who was 

discharged as an enlisted member to accept an appointment as an 

officer of the Air Force, is entitled to be reenlisted in the Regular 

Air Force in the enlisted grade that he held before his service as 

an officer, without loss of seniority or credit for service, regardless 

of the existence of a vacancy in his grade or of a physical disability 

incurred or having its inception in line of duty, if (1) his service as 

an officer is terminated by an honorable discharge or he is relieved 

from active duty for a purpose other than to await appellate review 

of a sentence that includes dismissal or dishonorable discharge, 

and (2) he applies for reenlistment within six months (or such 

other period as the Secretary of the Air Force prescribes for exceptional circumstances) after termination of that service. 

(b) A person is not entitled to be reenlisted under this section 

if— 

(1) the person was discharged or released from active duty 

as an officer on the basis of a determination of— 

(A) misconduct; 

(B) moral or professional dereliction; 

(C) duty performance below prescribed standards for 

the grade held; or 

(D) retention being inconsistent with the interests of 

national security; or 

(2) the person’s former enlisted status and grade was 

based solely on the participation by that person in a 

precommissioning program that resulted in the commission 

held by that person during the active duty from which the person was released or discharged. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 505; Pub. L. 85–603, Sec. 1(3), Aug. 8, 1958, 72 Stat. 526; 

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 520(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 110–181, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 506(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 96.) 

[§§ 8259 to 8261. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(b)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990] 

[§§ 8262, 8263. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 2(a)(4)(B), Jan. 

2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756] 
2094 

CHAPTER 835—APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR AIR 

FORCE 

Sec. 

8281. Commissioned officer grades. 

[8284 to 8309. Repealed.] 

8310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications. 

[8312 to 8314. Repealed.] 

§ 8281. Commissioned officer grades 

The commissioned grades in the Regular Air Force are: 

(1) Major general. 

(2) Brigadier general. 

(3) Colonel. 

(4) Lieutenant colonel. 

(5) Major. 

(6) Captain. 

(7) First lieutenant. 

(8) Second lieutenant. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 507.) 

[§§ 8284 to 8289. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

[§ 8291. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 8293 to 8303. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

[§ 8304. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 8305 to 8309. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 

§ 8310. Warrant officers: original appointment; qualifications 

Original appointments as warrant officers in the Regular Air 

Force shall be made from persons who have served on active duty 

at least one year in the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 518.) 

[§§ 8312 to 8314. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 204, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880] 
2095 

[CHAPTER 837—REPEALED] 

[§ 8351. Renumbered 12212] 

[§ 8352. Renumbered 12214] 

[§§ 8353, 8354. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 8355. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(21), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1073] 

[§ 8356. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1636(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2968] 

[§§ 8358 to 8368. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 8370. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(28)(C), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 382] 

[§§ 8371 to 8378. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 8379. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1636(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2968] 

[§§ 8380 to 8396. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
2096 

CHAPTER 839—TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS 

Sec. 

[8441 to 8445. Repealed.] 

8446. Retention on active duty. 

[8447 to 8452. Repealed.] 

[§§ 8441, 8442. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§ 8443. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(25), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§§ 8444, 8445. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

§ 8446. Retention on active duty 

The President may retain on active duty a disabled officer 

until— 

(1) the physical condition of the officer is such that the officer will not be further benefited by retention in a military hospital or a medical facility of the Department of Veterans Affairs; or 

(2) the officer is processed for physical disability benefits 

provided by law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 522; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(180)(C), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1532; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(10), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1603; Pub. 

L. 102–25, title VII, Sec. 701(j)(6), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 116.) 

[§ 8447. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§ 8448. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 208, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§ 8450. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 758] 

[§§ 8451, 8452. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 207, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 
2097 

CHAPTER 841—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

8491. Non-regular officers: status. 

[8492 to 8502. Repealed.] 

8503. Retired commissioned officers: status. 

[8504. Repealed.] 

§ 8491. Non-regular officers: status 

A commissioned officer of the Air Force, other than of the Regular Air Force, who is on active duty in any commissioned grade 

has the rights and privileges, and is entitled to the benefits, provided by law for a commissioned officer of the Air Force Reserve— 

(1) whose reserve grade is that in which the officer not of 

the Regular Air Force is serving; 

(2) who has the same length of service as the officer not 

of the Regular Air Force; and 

(3) who is on active duty in his reserve grade. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 524.) 

[§ 8492. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 1(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 753] 

[§ 8494. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 209(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 

[§§ 8495 to 8502. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(f)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2994] 

§ 8503. Retired commissioned officers: status 

A retired commissioned officer of the Air Force who is on active 

duty is considered, for all purposes except promotion, to be an officer of the organization to which he is assigned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 526.) 

[§ 8504. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 210, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2884] 
2098 

CHAPTER 843—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, 

ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND DUTIES 

Sec. 

[8531 to 8542. Repealed.] 

8543. Aides: detail; number authorized. 

[8544 to 8546. Repealed.] 

8547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers. 

8548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations. 

[8549. Repealed.] 

[§ 8531. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 233(b), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2887] 

[§ 8537. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 760] 

[§ 8540. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(23), Oct. 

13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1073] 

[§§ 8541, 8542. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1661(c)(2), 1662(g)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

2982, 2996] 

§ 8543. Aides: detail; number authorized 

(a) Each major general of the Air Force is entitled to three 

aides selected by him from commissioned officers of the Air Force 

in any grade below major. 

(b) Each brigadier general of the Air Force is entitled to two 

aides selected by him from commissioned officers of the Air Force 

in any grade below captain. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 527.) 

[§§ 8544, 8545. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 4(a)(6), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 759, 760] 

[§ 8546. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(26), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 8547. Duties: chaplains; assistance required of commanding officers 

(a) Each chaplain shall, when practicable, hold appropriate religious services at least once on each Sunday for the command to 

which he is assigned, and shall perform appropriate religious burial services for members of the Air Force who die while in that 

command. 

(b) Each commanding officer shall furnish facilities, including 

necessary transportation, to any chaplain assigned to his command, 

to assist the chaplain in performing his duties. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 528.) 
2099 [§ 8549 CH. 843—SPECIAL APPTMTS / ASSIGNMENTS / DETAILS / DUTIES 

§ 8548. Duties: warrant officers; limitations 

Under regulations prescribed by the President, a warrant officer may be assigned to perform duties that necessarily include 

those normally performed by a commissioned officer. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 528.) 

[§ 8549. Repealed. Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, Sec. 

531(a)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1365] 
2100 

CHAPTER 845—RANK AND COMMAND 

Sec. 

[8571. Repealed.] 

8572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments. 

[8573, 8574. Repealed.] 

8575. Rank: warrant officers. 

[8576 to 8578. Repealed.] 

8579. Command: commissioned officers in certain designated categories. 

[8580. Repealed.] 

8581. Command: chaplains. 

[8582. Repealed.] 

8583. Requirement of exemplary conduct. 

[§ 8571. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 8572. Rank: commissioned officers serving under temporary appointments 

The President may, in accordance with the needs of the Air 

Force, adjust dates of rank of commissioned officers of the Air 

Force serving in temporary grades. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 529.) 

[§§ 8573, 8574. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 8575. Rank: warrant officers 

Warrant officers rank next below second lieutenants and rank 

among themselves within each warrant officer grade under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 530.) 

[§ 8576. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

[§ 8577. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–525, Dec. 18, 1974, 88 Stat. 1695] 

[§ 8578. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 5(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

§ 8579. Command: commissioned officers in certain designated categories 

An officer designated as a medical, dental, veterinary, medical 

service, or biomedical sciences officer or as a nurse is not entitled 

to exercise command because of rank, except within the categories 

prescribed in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), or (i) of section 8067 

of this title, or over persons placed under his charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 531; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(156), (185), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 

Stat. 1513, 1533; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 212(b), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885.) 
2101 § 8583 CH. 845—RANK AND COMMAND 

[§ 8580. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(30), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 

Stat. 382] 

§ 8581. Command: chaplains 

An officer designated as a chaplain has rank without command. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 531.) 

[§ 8582. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

§ 8583. Requirement of exemplary conduct 

All commanding officers and others in authority in the Air 

Force are required— 

(1) to show in themselves a good example of virtue, honor, 

patriotism, and subordination; 

(2) to be vigilant in inspecting the conduct of all persons 

who are placed under their command; 

(3) to guard against and suppress all dissolute and immoral practices, and to correct, according to the laws and regulations of the Air Force, all persons who are guilty of them; 

and 

(4) to take all necessary and proper measures, under the 

laws, regulations, and customs of the Air Force, to promote and 

safeguard the morale, the physical well-being, and the general 

welfare of the officers and enlisted persons under their command or charge. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 507(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1727.) 
2102 

[CHAPTER 847—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8611, 8612. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 8(2), Jan. 2, 

1968, 81 Stat. 764] 

CHAPTER 849—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND 

PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[8631 to 8638. Repealed.] 

8639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants. 

[§ 8631. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

[§§ 8632, 8633. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(54), (55), 

Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501, 502] 

[§ 8634. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 

590(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 138] 

[§ 8635. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(7), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 762] 

[§ 8636. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(56), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 502] 

[§ 8637. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

[§ 8638. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(27), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

§ 8639. Enlisted members: officers not to use as servants 

No officer of the Air Force may use an enlisted member of the 

Air Force as a servant. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 533.) 
2103 

[CHAPTER 851—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8662, 8663. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–377, Sec. 6(3), July 5, 

1968, 82 Stat. 288] 

CHAPTER 853—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

Sec. 

8681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement. 

[8682, 8683. Repealed.] 

8684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as an officer to be counted as enlisted service. 

[8685 to 8690. Repealed.] 

8691. Flying officer rating: qualifications. 

[8692, 8693. Repealed.] 

§ 8681. Presentation of United States flag upon retirement 

(a) PRESENTATION OF FLAG.—Upon the release of a member of 

the Air Force from active duty for retirement, the Secretary of the 

Air Force shall present a United States flag to the member. 

(b) MULTIPLE PRESENTATIONS NOT AUTHORIZED.—A member is 

not eligible for a presentation of a flag under subsection (a) if the 

member has previously been presented a flag under this section or 

any other provision of law providing for the presentation of a 

United States flag incident to release from active service for retirement. 

(c) NO COST TO RECIPIENT.—The presentation of a flag under 

this section shall be at no cost to the recipient. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, Sec. 644(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2049; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 666.) 

[§ 8682. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 6(a)(2), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 761] 

[§ 8683. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 

1301(d)(1)(A), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 736] 

§ 8684. Service credit: regular enlisted members; service as 

an officer to be counted as enlisted service 

An enlisted member of the Regular Air Force is entitled to 

count active service as an officer in the Air Force, and in the Army, 

as enlisted service for all purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 535.) 

[§ 8685. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(a)(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 763] 

[§ 8686. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(g)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996] 
[§ 8687 CH. 853—MISC. RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 2104 

[§ 8687. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

604(f)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3877] 

[§ 8688. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 36B(29), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1571] 

[§ 8689. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(57), Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 502] 

[§ 8690. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(b)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 

81 Stat. 763] 

§ 8691. Flying officer rating: qualifications 

Only officers of the Air Force in the following categories may 

be rated as flying officers: 

(1) Officers who have aeronautical ratings as pilots of service types of aircraft or as aircraft observers. 

(2) Flight surgeons. 

(3) Officers undergoing flight training. 

(4) Officers who are members of combat crews, other than 

pilots of service types of aircraft, aircraft observers, and observers. 

(5) In time of war, officers who have aeronautical ratings 

as observers. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 538.) 

[§ 8692. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–168, Sec. 3(1), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 

Stat. 489] 

[§ 8693. Repealed Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 7(a)(3), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 

Stat. 763] 
2105 

CHAPTER 855—HOSPITALIZATION 

Sec. 

[8721, 8722. Repealed.] 

8723. When Secretary may require. 

[§§ 8721, 8722. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

604(f)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3877] 

§ 8723. When Secretary may require 

The Secretary of the Air Force may order the hospitalization, 

medical and surgical treatment, and domiciliary care for as long as 

necessary, of any member of the Air Force on active duty, and may 

incur obligations with respect thereto, whether or not the member 

incurred an injury, illness, or disease in line of duty, except in the 

case of a member treated in a private hospital, or by a civilian physician, while on leave of absence for more than 24 hours. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 539; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, Sec. 604(f)(1)(D), Nov. 

14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3878; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(j)(11), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 283.) 
2106 

CHAPTER 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

Sec. 

8741. Medal of honor: award. 

8742. Air Force cross: award. 

8743. Distinguished-service medal: award. 

8744. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: limitations 

on award. 

8745. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: delegation of 

power to award. 

8746. Silver star: award. 

8747. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguishedservice medal; silver star: replacement. 

8748. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguishedservice medal; silver star: availability of appropriations. 

8749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations. 

8750. Airman’s Medal: award; limitations. 

8751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of appropriations. 

8752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation. 

8754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal. 

8755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag. 

8756. Korea Defense Service Medal. 

§ 8741. Medal of honor: award 

The President may award, and present in the name of Congress, a medal of honor of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while a member of the Air Force, 

distinguishes himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at 

the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 540; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 3(1), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 94.) 

§ 8742. Air Force cross: award 

The President may award an Air Force cross of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while serving in any capacity with the Air Force, distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a medal of honor— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 540; Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(1), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 331; 

Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 3(2), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 94.) 
2107 § 8745 CH. 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

§ 8743. Distinguished-service medal: award 

The President may award a distinguished-service medal of appropriate design and a ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in place thereof, to a person who, while serving in 

any capacity with the Air Force, distinguishes himself by exceptionally meritorious service to the United States in a duty of great responsibility. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 540.) 

§ 8744. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: limitations on award 

(a) No more than one medal of honor, Air Force cross, or distinguished-service medal may be awarded to a person. However, for 

each succeeding act that would otherwise justify the award of such 

a medal or cross, the President may award a suitable bar or other 

device to be worn as he directs. 

(b) Except as provided in subsection (d), no medal of honor, Air 

Force cross, distinguished-service medal, or device in place thereof, 

may be awarded to a person unless— 

(1) the award is made within three years after the date of 

the act justifying the award; 

(2) a statement setting forth the distinguished service and 

recommending official recognition of it was made within two 

years after the distinguished service; and 

(3) it appears from records of the Department of the Air 

Force that the person is entitled to the award. 

(c) No medal of honor, Air Force cross, distinguished-service 

medal, or device in place thereof, may be awarded or presented to 

a person whose service after he distinguished himself has not been 

honorable. 

(d) If the Secretary of the Air Force determines that— 

(1) a statement setting forth the distinguished service and 

recommending official recognition of it was made and supported by sufficient evidence within two years after the distinguished service; and 

(2) no award was made, because the statement was lost or 

through inadvertence the recommendation was not acted on; 

a medal of honor, Air Force cross, distinguished-service medal, or 

device in place thereof, as the case may be, may be awarded to the 

person concerned within two years after the date of that determination. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 540; Pub. L. 86–582, Sec. 1(3), July 5, 1960, 74 Stat. 320; 

Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(2), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 331.) 

§ 8745. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service medal: delegation of power to award 

The President may delegate his authority to award the medal 

of honor, Air Force cross, and distinguished-service medal, to a 

commanding general of a separate air force or higher unit in the 

field. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 541; Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(3), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 332.) 
§ 8746 CH. 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 2108 

§ 8746. Silver star: award 

The President may award a silver star of appropriate design, 

with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while serving in 

any capacity with the Air Force, is cited for gallantry in action that 

does not warrant a medal of honor or Air Force cross— 

(1) while engaged in an action against an enemy of the 

United States; 

(2) while engaged in military operations involving conflict 

with an opposing foreign force; or 

(3) while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an 

armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the 

United States is not a belligerent party. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 541; Pub. L. 88–77, Sec. 3(3), July 25, 1963, 77 Stat. 95.) 

§ 8747. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; silver star: 

replacement 

Any medal of honor, Air Force cross, distinguished-service 

cross, distinguished-service medal, or silver star, or any bar, ribbon, rosette, or other device issued for wear with or in place of any 

of them, that is stolen, lost, or destroyed, or becomes unfit for use, 

without fault or neglect of the person to whom it was awarded, 

shall be replaced without charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 541; Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(4), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 332; 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(c)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1116.) 

§ 8748. Medal of honor; Air Force cross; distinguished-service cross; distinguished-service medal; silver star: 

availability of appropriations 

The Secretary of the Air Force may spend, from any appropriation for contingent expenses of the Department of the Air Force, 

amounts necessary to provide medals and devices under sections 

8741, 8742, 8743, 8744, 8746, 8747, and 8752 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 541; Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(5), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 332.) 

§ 8749. Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations 

(a) The President may award a distinguished flying cross of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon to any person who, 

while serving in any capacity with the Air Force, distinguishes 

himself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. 

(b) Not more than one distinguished flying cross may be 

awarded to a person. However, for each succeeding act that would 

otherwise justify the award of such a cross, the President may 

award a suitable bar or other device to be worn as he directs. 

(c) No distinguished flying cross, or device in place thereof, 

may be awarded or presented to a person whose service after he 

distinguished himself has not been honorable. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 541.) 

§ 8750. Airman’s Medal: award; limitations 

(a)(1) The President may award a decoration called the ‘‘Airman’s Medal’’, of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon, to 
2109 § 8754 CH. 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 

any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Air Force, 

distinguishes himself by heroism not involving actual conflict with 

an enemy. 

(2) The authority in paragraph (1) includes authority to award 

the medal to a member of the Ready Reserve who was not in a 

duty status defined in section 101(d) of this title when the member 

distinguished himself by heroism. 

(b) Not more than one Airman’s Medal may be awarded to a 

person. However, for each succeeding act that would otherwise justify the award of such a medal, the President may award a suitable 

bar or other device to be worn as he directs. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 542; Pub. L. 86–593, Sec. 1(6), July 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 332; 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 574(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1758.) 

§ 8751. Service medals: issue; replacement; availability of 

appropriations 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall procure, and issue 

without charge to any person entitled thereto, any service medal 

authorized for members of the Air Force after September 26, 1947, 

and any ribbon, clasp, star, or similar device prescribed as a part 

of that medal. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, any 

medal or other device issued under subsection (a) that is lost, destroyed, or becomes unfit for use without fault or neglect of the 

owner, may be replaced at cost. However, if the owner is a member 

of the Air Force, the medal or device may be replaced without 

charge. 

(c) The Secretary may spend, from any appropriation for the 

support of the Air Force, amounts necessary to provide medals and 

devices under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 542.) 

§ 8752. Medals: posthumous award and presentation 

(a) If a person dies before the award of a medal of honor, distinguished-service cross, distinguished-service medal, distinguished 

flying cross, or device in place thereof, to which he is entitled, the 

award may be made and the medal or device presented to his representative, as designated by the President. 

(b) If a person dies before an authorized service medal or device prescribed as a part thereof is presented to him under section 

8751 of this title, it shall be presented to his family. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 542; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(23), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1565.) 

§ 8754. Medal of honor: duplicate medal 

A person awarded a medal of honor shall, upon written application of that person, be issued, without charge, one duplicate 

medal of honor with ribbons and appurtenances. Such duplicate 

medal of honor shall be marked, in such manner as the Secretary 

of the Air Force may determine, as a duplicate or for display purposes only. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, title V, Sec. 553(c)(1)(A), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1116.) 
§ 8755 CH. 857—DECORATIONS AND AWARDS 2110 

§ 8755. Medal of honor: presentation of Medal of Honor Flag 

The President shall provide for the presentation of the Medal 

of Honor Flag designated under section 903 of title 36 to each person to whom a medal of honor is awarded under section 8741 of 

this title. Presentation of the flag shall be made at the same time 

as the presentation of the medal under section 8741 or 8752(a) of 

this title. In the case of a posthumous presentation of the medal, 

the flag shall be presented to the person to whom the medal is presented. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, Sec. 8143(c)(3)(A), Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1570; amended 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1062(a)(16), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2650; Pub. L. 109– 

364, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2217.) 

§ 8756. Korea Defense Service Medal 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall issue a campaign 

medal, to be known as the Korea Defense Service Medal, to each 

person who while a member of the Air Force served in the Republic 

of Korea or the waters adjacent thereto during the KDSM eligibility period and met the service requirements for the award of 

that medal prescribed under subsection (c). 

(b) In this section, the term ‘‘KDSM eligibility period’’ means 

the period beginning on July 28, 1954, and ending on such date 

after the date of the enactment of this section as may be determined by the Secretary of Defense to be appropriate for terminating eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. 

(c) The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe service requirements for eligibility for the Korea Defense Service Medal. 

Those requirements shall not be more stringent than the service 

requirements for award of the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal 

for instances in which the award of that medal is authorized. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(d)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2550, Sec. 8755; 

renumbered Sec. 8756, Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 1084(d)(33), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 

2063.) 
2111 

[CHAPTER 859—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8781 to 8787. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 213, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

[CHAPTER 860—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8791 to 8797. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 213, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

CHAPTER 861—SEPARATION FOR VARIOUS REASONS 

Sec. 

[8811 to 8816. Repealed.] 

8817. Aviation cadets: discharge. 

[8818 to 8820. Repealed.] 

[§§ 8811 to 8813. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 757, 758] 

[§ 8814. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 214, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2885] 

[§§ 8815, 8816. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–235, Sec. 3(a)(2), (b)(1), 

Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 757, 758] 

§ 8817. Aviation cadets: discharge 

The Secretary of the Air Force may discharge an aviation cadet 

at any time. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 545.) 

[§ 8818. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 236, Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2887] 

[§§ 8819, 8820. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 
2112 

[CHAPTER 863—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8841, 8842. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–559, Sec. 1(66), June 30, 

1960, 74 Stat. 278] 

[§§ 8843 to 8846. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 8847. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(31)(A), Nov. 8, 1967, 

81 Stat. 382] 

[§ 8848. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1629(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[§ 8849. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–559, Sec. 1(72), June 30, 1960, 

74 Stat. 279] 

[§§ 8850 to 8855. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1629(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963] 

[CHAPTER 865—REPEALED] 

[§§ 8881, 8882. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), 

Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 8883 to 8886. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 216, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

[§ 8887. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§§ 8888, 8889. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 216, 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
2113 

CHAPTER 867—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

Sec. 

8911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers. 

[8912, 8913. Repealed.] 

8914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members. 

[8915, 8916. Repealed.] 

8917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members. 

8918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers. 

[8919. Repealed.] 

8920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and the Director of Admissions of the United States Air Force Academy. 

8921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force 

Academy; waiver authority. 

[8922, 8923. Repealed.] 

8924. Forty years or more: Air Force officers. 

8925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members. 

8926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve 

commissioned officers. 

[8927, 8928. Repealed.] 

8929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable. 

§ 8911. Twenty years or more: regular or reserve commissioned officers 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may, upon the officer’s request, retire a regular or reserve commissioned officer of the Air 

Force who has at least 20 years of service computed under section 

8926 of this title, at least 10 years of which have been active service as a commissioned officer. 

(b)(1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of 

the Air Force, during the period specified in paragraph (2), to reduce the requirement under subsection (a) for at least 10 years of 

active service as a commissioned officer to a period (determined by 

the Secretary of the Air Force) of not less than eight years. 

(2) The period specified in this paragraph is the period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 and ending on September 30, 2013. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 549; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(c), Nov. 5, 

1990, 104 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1667; 

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(e), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 106–398, 

Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 571(e)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–134; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(c), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3225; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, 

Sec. 1071(a)(37), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 506(c), Jan. 

7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4210.) 

[§ 8912. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

[§ 8913. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 
§ 8914 CH. 867—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 2114 

§ 8914. Twenty to thirty years: enlisted members 

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air 

Force, an enlisted member of the Air Force who has at least 20, 

but less than 30, years of service computed under section 8925 of 

this title may, upon his request, be retired. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 550; Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 9(b)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 

1128; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2753.) 

[§§ 8915, 8916. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 8917. Thirty years or more: regular enlisted members 

A regular enlisted member of the Air Force who has at least 

30 years of service computed under section 8925 of this title shall 

be retired upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 550.) 

§ 8918. Thirty years or more: regular commissioned officers 

A regular commissioned officer of the Air Force who has at 

least 30 years of service computed under section 8926 of this title 

may be retired upon his request, in the discretion of the President. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 550.) 

[§ 8919. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 8920. More than thirty years: permanent professors and 

the Director of Admissions of the United States Air 

Force Academy 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may retire an officer specified in subsection (b) who has more than 30 years of service as a 

commissioned officer. 

(b) Subsection (a) applies in the case of the following officers: 

(1) Any permanent professor of the United States Air 

Force Academy. 

(2) The Director of Admissions of the United States Air 

Force Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 551; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 509(b)(1), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 298.) 

§ 8921. Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United 

States Air Force Academy; waiver authority 

(a) MANDATORY RETIREMENT.—Upon the termination of the detail of an officer to the position of Superintendent of the United 

States Air Force Academy, the Secretary of the Air Force shall retire the officer under any provision of this chapter under which the 

officer is eligible to retire. 

(b) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of Defense may waive 

the requirement in subsection (a) for good cause. In each case in 

which such a waiver is granted for an officer, the Secretary shall 

submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the 

House of Representatives a written notification of the waiver, with 

a statement of the reasons supporting the decision that the officer 
2115 § 8926 CH. 867—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 

not retire, and a written notification of the intent of the President 

to nominate the officer for reassignment. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(3)(A), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 

108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(a)(3), (c)(3)(A), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1902, 1904.) 

[§§ 8922, 8923. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

§ 8924. Forty years or more: Air Force officers 

(a) Except as provided in section 1186 of this title, a commissioned officer of the Air Force who has at least 40 years of service 

computed under section 8926 of this title shall be retired upon his 

request. 

(b) Any warrant officer of the Air Force who has at least 40 

years of service computed under section 8926(a) of this title shall 

be retired upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 552; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2917.) 

§ 8925. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; enlisted members 

(a) For the purpose of determining whether an enlisted member of the Air Force may be retired under section 8914 or 8917 of 

this title, his years of service are computed by adding all active 

service in the armed forces. 

(b) Time required to be made up under section 972(a) of this 

title may not be counted in computing years of service under subsection (a). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 552; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(195), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1540; 

Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 9(b)(2), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 204(c), 

July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(a)(6), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 

Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2789; Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(d)(4)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 323.) 

§ 8926. Computation of years of service: voluntary retirement; regular and reserve commissioned officers 

(a) For the purpose of determining whether an officer of the 

Air Force may be retired under section 8911, 8918, or 8924 of this 

title, his years of service are computed by adding— 

(1) all active service performed as a member of the Army 

or the Air Force; and 

(2) all service in the Navy or Marine Corps that may be 

included in determining the eligibility of an officer of the Navy 

or Marine Corps for retirement. 

(b) For the purpose of determining whether a medical officer 

of the Regular Air Force may be retired under section 8911, 8918, 

or 8924 of this title, his years of service are computed by adding 

to his service under subsection (a) all service performed as a contract surgeon, acting assistant surgeon, or contract physician, 

under a contract to serve full time and to take and change station 

as ordered. 

(c) For the purpose of determining whether a dental officer of 

the Regular Air Force may be retired under section 8911, 8918, or 

8924 of this title, his years of service are computed by adding to 

his service under subsection (a) all service as a contract dental surgeon or acting dental surgeon. 
[§ 8927 CH. 867—RETIREMENT FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 2116 

(d) Section 972(b) of this title excludes from computation of an 

officer’s years of service for purposes of this section any time identified with respect to that officer under that section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 552; Pub. L. 86–197, Sec. 1(8), Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 426; 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(a)(7), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 104– 

106, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(d)(4)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 323.) 

[§ 8927. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 217(a), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2886] 

[§ 8928. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, Sec. 401(1), Aug. 

21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390] 

§ 8929. Computation of retired pay: law applicable 

A member of the Air Force retired under this chapter is entitled to retired pay computed under chapter 871 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 554.) 
2117 

CHAPTER 869—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

8961. General rule. 

8962. Higher grade for service in special positions. 

8963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted members reduced in 

grade not as a result of the member’s misconduct. 

8964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members. 

8965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers and enlisted members. 

8966. Retired lists. 

§ 8961. General rule 

(a) The retired grade of a regular commissioned officer of the 

Air Force who retires other than for physical disability, and the retired grade of a reserve commissioned officer of the Air Force who 

retires other than for physical disability, is determined under section 1370 of this title. 

(b) Unless entitled to a higher retired grade under some other 

provision of law, a Regular or Reserve of the Air Force not covered 

by subsection (a) who retires other than for physical disability retires in the regular or reserve grade that he holds on the date of 

his retirement. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 554; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(19), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2917; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1674(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3016; 

Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 506(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

102.) 

§ 8962. Higher grade for service in special positions 

Upon retirement, any permanent professor of the United 

States Air Force Academy whose grade is below brigadier general, 

and whose service as such a professor has been long and distinguished, may, in the discretion of the President, be retired in the 

grade of brigadier general. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 554; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(197), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1541; 

Pub. L. 89–288, Sec. 6, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 96–343, Sec. 13(b)(1), (2), Sept. 

8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(20), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2917; Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(c), (d)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 293.) 

§ 8963. Highest grade held satisfactorily: Reserve enlisted 

members reduced in grade not as a result of the 

member’s misconduct 

(a) A Reserve enlisted member of the Air Force described in 

subsection (b) who is retired under section 8914 of this title shall 

be retired in the highest enlisted grade in which the member 

served on active duty satisfactorily (or, in the case of a member of 

the National Guard, in which the member served on full-time National Guard duty satisfactorily), as determined by the Secretary of 

the Air Force. 

(b) This section applies to a Reserve enlisted member who— 
§ 8964 CH. 869—RETIRED GRADE 2118 

(1) at the time of retirement is serving on active duty (or, 

in the case of a member of the National Guard, on full-time 

National Guard duty) in a grade lower than the highest enlisted grade held by the member while on active duty (or fulltime National Guard duty); and 

(2) was previously administratively reduced in grade not 

as a result of the member’s own misconduct, as determined by 

the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(c) This section applies with respect to Reserve enlisted members who are retired under section 8914 of this title after September 30, 1996. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(c)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2519.) 

§ 8964. Higher grade after 30 years of service: warrant officers and enlisted members 

(a) Each retired member of the Air Force covered by subsection 

(b) who is retired with less than 30 years of active service is entitled, when his active service plus his service on the retired list totals 30 years, to be advanced on the retired list to the highest 

grade in which he served on active duty satisfactorily (or, in the 

case of a member of the National Guard, in which he served on 

full-time duty satisfactorily), as determined by the Secretary of the 

Air Force. 

(b) This section applies to— 

(1) warrant officers of the Air Force; 

(2) enlisted members of the Regular Air Force; and 

(3) reserve enlisted members of the Air Force who, at the 

time of retirement, are serving on active duty (or, in the case 

of members of the National Guard, on full-time duty). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 555; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(198A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1541; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 533(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528; Pub. L. 100–180, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 512(c), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090.) 

§ 8965. Restoration to former grade: retired warrant officers 

and enlisted members 

Each retired warrant officer or enlisted member of the Air 

Force who has been advanced on the retired list to a higher commissioned grade under section 8964 of this title, and who applies 

to the Secretary of the Air Force within three months after his advancement, shall, if the Secretary approves, be restored on the retired list to his former warrant-officer or enlisted status, as the 

case may be. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 555; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(d)(3), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(i)(2)(A), Sept. 29, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2058.) 

§ 8966. Retired lists 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall maintain a retired list 

containing the name of each retired commissioned officer of the 

Regular Air Force. 

(b) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of— 

(1) each person entitled to retired pay under any law providing retired pay for commissioned officers of the Air Force, 

other than of the Regular Air Force; and 
2119 § 8966 CH. 869—RETIRED GRADE 

(2) each retired warrant officer or enlisted member of the 

Air Force who is advanced to a commissioned grade. 

(c) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of each retired warrant officer of the Air Force. 

(d) The Secretary shall maintain a retired list containing the 

name of each retired enlisted member of the Regular Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 556; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(199), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1541; 

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(d)(3), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090.) 
2120 

CHAPTER 871—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 

Sec. 

8991. Computation of retired pay. 

8992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement on retired list. 

§ 8991. Computation of retired pay 

(a) COMPUTATION.— (1) FORMULA.—The monthly retired pay of a member entitled to such pay under this subtitle is computed by multiplying— 

(A) the member’s retired pay base (as computed under 

section 1406(e) or 1407 of this title), by 

(B) the retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 

1409 of this title for the number of years credited to the 

member under section 1405 of this title. 

(2) ADDITIONAL 10 PERCENT FOR CERTAIN ENLISTED MEMBERS CREDITED WITH EXTRAORDINARY HEROISM.—If a member 

who is retired under section 8914 of this title has been credited 

by the Secretary of the Air Force with extraordinary heroism 

in the line of duty, the member’s retired pay shall be increased 

by 10 percent of the amount determined under paragraph (1) 

(but to not more than 75 percent of the retired pay base upon 

which the computation of such retired pay is based). The Secretary’s determination as to extraordinary heroism is conclusive for all purposes. 

(b) GENERAL RULES.— 

(1) USE OF MOST FAVORABLE FORMULA.—If a person would 

otherwise be entitled to retired pay computed under more than 

one formula in subsection (a) or the table in section 1401 of 

this title, he is entitled to be paid under the applicable formula 

that is most favorable to him. 

(2) ROUNDING TO NEXT LOWER DOLLAR.—The amount computed under subsection (a), if not a multiple of $1, shall be 

rounded to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR RETIRED RESERVE ENLISTED MEMBERS

COVERED BY SECTION 8963.—In the case of a Reserve enlisted 

member retired under section 8914 of this title whose retired grade 

is determined under section 8963 of this title and who first became 

a member of a uniformed service before September 8, 1980, the retired pay base of the member (notwithstanding section 1406(a)(1) 

of this title) is the amount of the monthly basic pay of the member’s retired grade (determined based upon the rates of basic pay 

applicable on the date of the member’s retirement), and that 

amount shall be used for the purposes of subsection (a)(1)(A) rather 

than the amount computed under section 1406(e) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 556; Pub. L. 85–155, title III, Sec. 301(22), Aug. 21, 1957, 

71 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 85–422, Sec. 6(6), (8), 11(a)(9), May 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 129, 131; Pub. L. 

85–861, Sec. 1(199A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1541; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 127, Sept. 7, 
2121 § 8992 CH. 871—COMPUTATION OF RETIRED PAY 

1962, 76 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 88–132, Sec. 5(h)(2), Oct. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–207, Sec. 

3(5), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(e), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 

1109; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(22), 514(8), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2917, 2935; Pub. L. 

98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(12), 923(a)(1), (2)(H), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 642, 643; Pub. L. 99– 

348, title II, Sec. 204(a), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 697; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

635(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2789; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(d)(3), Sept. 23, 

1996, 110 Stat. 2520.) 

§ 8992. Recomputation of retired pay to reflect advancement 

on retired list 

(a) ENTITLEMENT TO RECOMPUTATION.—An enlisted member or 

warrant officer of the Air Force who is advanced on the retired list 

under section 8964 of this title is entitled to recompute his retired 

pay in accordance with this section. 

(b) FORMULA.—The monthly retired pay of a member entitled 

to recompute that pay under this section is computed by multiplying— 

(1) the member’s retired pay base (as computed under section 1406(e) or 1407 of this title), by 

(2) the retired pay multiplier prescribed in section 1409 of 

this title for the number of years credited to the member under 

section 1405 of this title. 

(c) ROUNDING TO NEXT LOWER DOLLAR.—The amount computed under subsection (b), if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded 

to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 557; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, Sec. 813(e), Sept. 8, 1980, 

94 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(8), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 97– 

295, Sec. 1(52), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1300; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 922(a)(13), 923(a)(1), 

(2)(I), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 642, 643; Pub. L. 99–348, title II, Sec. 204(b), July 1, 1986, 100 

Stat. 698; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2789.) 
2122 

CHAPTER 873—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

Sec. 

9021. Air University: civilian faculty members. 

[9022, 9023. Repealed.] 

9025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay of laborers and mechanics. 

9027. Civilian special agents of the Office of Special Investigations: authority to 

execute warrants and make arrests. 

§ 9021. Air University: civilian faculty members 

(a) AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at a school of the Air University as the Secretary considers 

necessary. 

(b) COMPENSATION OF FACULTY MEMBERS.—The compensation 

of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by 

the Secretary. 

(c) APPLICATION TO CERTAIN FACULTY MEMBERS.—(1) Except as 

provided in paragraph (2), this section shall apply with respect to 

persons who are selected by the Secretary for employment as professors, instructors, and lecturers at a school of the Air University 

after February 27, 1990. 

(2) This section shall not apply with respect to professors, instructors, and lecturers employed at a school of the Air University 

if the duration of the principal course of instruction offered at that 

school is less than 10 months. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1124(d)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1559; amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(a)(17), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2856.) 

[§ 9022. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 932(c)(1), Sept. 

24, 1983, 97 Stat. 650] 

[§ 9023. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 128(1), Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 514] 

§ 9025. Production of supplies and munitions: hours and pay 

of laborers and mechanics 

During a national emergency declared by the President, the 

regular working hours of laborers and mechanics of the Department of the Air Force producing military supplies or munitions are 

8 hours a day or 40 hours a week. However, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force these hours may be exceeded. Each laborer or mechanic who works more than 40 hours 

in a workweek shall be paid at a rate not less than one and onehalf times the regular hourly rate for each hour in excess of 40. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 558.) 
2123 § 9027 CH. 873—CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES 

§ 9027. Civilian special agents of the Office of Special Investigations: authority to execute warrants and make 

arrests 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Air Force may authorize 

any Department of the Air Force civilian employee described in 

subsection (b) to have the same authority to execute and serve warrants and other processes issued under the authority of the United 

States and to make arrests without a warrant as may be authorized under section 1585a of this title for special agents of the Defense Criminal Investigative Service. 

(b) AGENTS TO HAVE AUTHORITY.—Subsection (a) applies to 

any employee of the Department of the Air Force who is a special 

agent of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (or a successor to that office) whose duties include conducting, supervising, 

or coordinating investigations of criminal activity in programs and 

operations of the Department of the Air Force. 

(c) GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY.—The authority 

provided under subsection (a) shall be exercised in accordance with 

guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force and approved by the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General and 

any other applicable guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Air Force, the Secretary of Defense, or the Attorney General. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 554(c)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–127.) 
2124 

CHAPTER 875—MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATION 

REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER DUTIES 

Sec. 

9061. Fatality reviews. 

§ 9061. Fatality reviews 

(a) REVIEW OF FATALITIES.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

shall conduct a multidisciplinary, impartial review (referred to as 

a ‘‘fatality review’’) in the case of each fatality known or suspected 

to have resulted from domestic violence or child abuse against any 

of the following: 

(1) A member of the Air Force on active duty. 

(2) A current or former dependent of a member of the Air 

Force on active duty. 

(3) A current or former intimate partner who has a child 

in common or has shared a common domicile with a member 

of the Air Force on active duty. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report of a fatality review 

under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, include the following: 

(1) An executive summary. 

(2) Data setting forth victim demographics, injuries, autopsy findings, homicide or suicide methods, weapons, police 

information, assailant demographics, and household and family 

information. 

(3) Legal disposition. 

(4) System intervention and failures, if any, within the Department of Defense. 

(5) A discussion of significant findings. 

(6) Recommendations for systemic changes, if any, within 

the Department of the Air Force and the Department of Defense. 

(c) OSD GUIDANCE.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

guidance, which shall be uniform for the military departments, for 

the conduct of reviews by the Secretary under subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 576(c)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1488.) 
2125 

PART III—TRAINING 

Chap. Sec. 

901. Training Generally .......................................................... 9301 

903. United States Air Force Academy ................................. 9331 

905. Aviation Leadership Program ........................................ 9381 

907. Schools and Camps ......................................................... 9411 

909. Civil Air Patrol ................................................................ 9441 

2127 

CHAPTER 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

Sec. 

9301. Members of Air Force: detail as students, observers, and investigators at 

educational institutions, industrial plants, and hospitals. 

9302. Enlisted members of Air Force: schools. 

9303. Aviation cadets and aviation students: schools. 

9304. Aviation students: detail of enlisted members of Air Force. 

9305. Civilian flying school instructors: instruction at Air Force training commands. 

9306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors. 

9314. Degree granting authority for United States Air Force Institute of Technology. 

9314a. United States Air Force Institute of Technology: admission of defense industry civilians. 

9315. Community College of the Air Force: associate degrees. 

[9316. Repealed.] 

9317. Degree granting authority for Air University. 

9319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male and female recruits. 

9320. Recruit basic training: privacy. 

§ 9301. Members of Air Force: detail as students, observers, 

and investigators at educational institutions, industrial plants, and hospitals 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may detail members of the 

Air Force as students at such technical, professional, and other civilian educational institutions, or as students, observers, or investigators at such industrial plants, hospitals, and other places, as 

are best suited to enable them to acquire knowledge or experience 

in the specialties in which it is considered necessary that they perfect themselves. 

(b) An officer, other than one of the Regular Air Force on the 

active-duty list, who is detailed under subsection (a) shall be ordered to additional active duty immediately upon termination of 

the detail, for a period at least as long as the detail. However, if 

the detail is for 90 days or less, the officer may be ordered to that 

additional duty only with his consent and in the discretion of the 

Secretary. 

(c) No Reserve of the Air Force may be detailed as a student, 

observer, or investigator, or ordered to active duty under this section, without his consent and, if a member of the Air National 

Guard of the United States, without the approval of the governor 

or other appropriate authority of the State, the Commonwealth of 

Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, or the Virgin Islands 

of whose Air National Guard he is a member. 

(d) The Secretary may require, as a condition of a detail under 

subsection (a), that an enlisted member accept a discharge and be 

reenlisted in his component for at least three years. 

(e) The total length of details of an enlisted member of the Air 

Force under subsection (a) during one enlistment period may not 

exceed 50 percent of that enlistment. 
§ 9302 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 2128 

(f) At no time may more than 8 percent of the authorized 

strength in commissioned officers, 8 percent of the authorized 

strength in warrant officers, or 2 percent of the authorized strength 

in enlisted members, of the Regular Air Force, or more than 8 percent of the actual strength in commissioned officers, 8 percent of 

the actual strength in warrant officers, or 2 percent of the actual 

strength in enlisted members, of the total of reserve components of 

the Air Force, be detailed as students under subsection (a). For the 

purposes of this subsection, the actual strength of each category of 

Reserves includes both members on active duty and those not on 

active duty. 

(g) Expenses incident to the detail of members under this section shall be paid from any funds appropriated for the Department 

of the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 559; Pub. L. 93–169, Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 

96–513, title V, Sec. 504(23), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2917; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, 

Sec. 1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(9), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 9302. Enlisted members of Air Force: schools 

(a) So far as consistent with the requirements of military training and service, and under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force with the approval of the President, enlisted 

members of the Air Force shall be permitted to study and receive 

instruction to increase their military efficiency and to enable them 

to return to civilian life better equipped for industrial, commercial, 

and business occupations. Part of this instruction may be vocational education in agriculture or the mechanic arts. Civilian teachers may be employed to aid Air Force officers in this instruction. 

(b) Schools for the instruction of enlisted members of the Air 

Force in the common branches of education, including United 

States history, shall be maintained at all air bases at which members of the Air Force are stationed. The Secretary may detail members of the Air Force to carry out this subsection. The commander 

of each air base where schools are maintained under this subsection shall provide a suitable room or building for school and religious purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 560.) 

§ 9303. Aviation cadets and aviation students: schools 

The Secretary of the Air Force shall establish and maintain— 

(1) one or more schools for the training and instruction of 

aviation cadets; and 

(2) courses of instruction for aviation students at one or 

more established flying schools. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 560.) 

§ 9304. Aviation students: detail of enlisted members of Air 

Force 

The Secretary of the Air Force may detail enlisted Regulars of 

the Air Force, and enlisted Reserves of the Air Force who are on 

active duty, for training and instruction as aviation students in 

their respective grades at schools selected by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 560.) 
2129 § 9314 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

§ 9305. Civilian flying school instructors: instruction at Air 

Force training commands 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may provide for the instruction and training, at Air Force training commands, of civilians selected from the instructional staffs of civilian flying schools that 

are accredited by the Department of the Air Force for the education 

and training of members of the Air Force. 

(b) The training of civilians under subsection (a) shall be without cost to the United States, except for supplies necessary for 

training purposes. 

(c) A civilian undergoing training under subsection (a) may be 

treated in a Government hospital if he becomes sick or is injured. 

However, that treatment shall be without cost to the United States 

except for services of Government medical personnel and the use 

of hospital equipment other than medicine or supplies. 

(d) No civilian who sustains a personal injury, and no dependent of a civilian who dies of disease or injury, while undergoing 

training under subsection (a), is entitled to any compensation, pension, or gratuity for that injury or death. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 560.) 

§ 9306. Service schools: leaves of absence for instructors 

The officer in charge of an Air Force service school may grant 

a leave of absence for the period of the suspension of the ordinary 

academic studies, without deduction of pay or allowances, to any officer on duty exclusively as an instructor at the school. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 561.) 

§ 9314. Degree granting authority for United States Air 

Force Institute of Technology 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of the Air Force, the commander of the Air University may, upon 

the recommendation of the faculty of the United States Air Force 

Institute of Technology, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates 

of the United States Air Force Institute of Technology who meet 

the degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the United States Air Force Institute of Technology is 

accredited by the appropriate civilian academic accrediting 

agency or organization to award the degree, as determined by 

the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 
§ 9314 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 2130 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the 

United States Air Force Institute of Technology to award any new 

or existing degree. 

(d) CIVILIAN FACULTY.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may 

employ as many civilian faculty members at the United States Air 

Force Institute of Technology as is consistent with the needs of the 

Air Force and with Department of Defense personnel limits. 

(2) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations determining— 

(A) titles and duties of civilian members of the faculty; and 

(B) pay of civilian members of the faculty, notwithstanding 

chapter 53 of title 5, but subject to the limitation set out in 

section 5373 of title 5. 

(e) REIMBURSEMENT AND TUITION.—(1) The Department of the 

Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of Homeland Security shall bear the cost of the instruction at the Air Force 

Institute of Technology that is received by members of the armed 

forces detailed for that instruction by the Secretaries of the Army, 

Navy, and Homeland Security, respectively. 

(2) Members of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast 

Guard may only be detailed for instruction at the Institute on a 

space-available basis. 

(3) In the case of an enlisted member of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard permitted to receive instruction at the 

Institute, the Secretary of the Air Force shall charge that member 

only for such costs and fees as the Secretary considers appropriate 

(taking into consideration the admission of enlisted members on a 

space-available basis). 

(4)(A) The Institute shall charge tuition for the cost of providing instruction at the Institute for any civilian employee of a 

military department (other than a civilian employee of the Department of the Air Force), of another component of the Department of 

Defense, or of another Federal agency who receives instruction at 

the Institute. 

(B) The cost of any tuition charged an individual under this 

paragraph shall be borne by the department, agency, or component 

sending the individual for instruction at the Institute. 

(5) Amounts received by the Institute for the instruction of students under this subsection shall be retained by the Institute. Such 

amounts shall be available to the Institute to cover the costs of 
2131 § 9314a CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

such instruction. The source and disposition of such amounts shall 

be specifically identified in the records of the Institute. 

(f) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—(1) The Secretary of 

the Air Force may authorize the Commandant of the United States 

Air Force Institute of Technology to accept qualifying research 

grants. Any such grant may only be accepted if the work under the 

grant is to be carried out by a professor or instructor of the Institute for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(2) A qualifying research grant under this subsection is a grant 

that is awarded on a competitive basis by an entity referred to in 

paragraph (3) for a research project with a scientific, literary, or 

educational purpose. 

(3) A grant may be accepted under this subsection only from 

a corporation, fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar 

entity that is organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(4) The Secretary shall establish an account for administering 

funds received as research grants under this section. The Commandant of the Institute shall use the funds in the account in accordance with applicable provisions of the regulations and the 

terms and condition of the grants received. 

(5) Subject to such limitations as may be provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the Institute may be 

used to pay expenses incurred by the Institute in applying for, and 

otherwise pursuing, the award of qualifying research grants. 

(6) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this subsection. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 561; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 504(a)(1), (2)(A), Nov. 8, 

1985, 99 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 510, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3868; Pub. 

L. 101–509, title V, Sec. 529 [title I, Sec. 106(b)(6)(C)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1440; Pub. 

L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1102, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2141; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 533, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1473; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(e), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3243; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Secs. 543(h)(1), 544, Oct. 14, 

2008, 122 Stat. 4463, 4465.) 

§ 9314a. United States Air Force Institute of Technology: 

admission of defense industry civilians 

(a) ADMISSION AUTHORIZED.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force 

may permit defense industry employees described in subsection (b) 

to receive instruction at the United States Air Force Institute of 

Technology in accordance with this section. Any such defense industry employee may be enrolled in, and may be provided instruction in, a program leading to a graduate degree in a defense focused curriculum related to aeronautics and astronautics, electrical 

and computer engineering, engineering physics, mathematics and 

statistics, operational sciences, or systems and engineering management. 

(2) No more than 125 defense industry employees may be enrolled at the United States Air Force Institute of Technology at any 

one time under the authority of paragraph (1). 

(3) Upon successful completion of the course of instruction at 

the United States Air Force Institute of Technology in which a defense industry employee is enrolled, the defense industry employee 

may be awarded an appropriate degree under section 9314 of this 

title. 
§ 9315 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 2132 

(b) ELIGIBLE DEFENSE INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES.—For purposes of 

this section, an eligible defense industry employee is an individual 

employed by a private firm that is engaged in providing to the Department of Defense significant and substantial defense-related 

systems, products, or services. A defense industry employee admitted for instruction at the United States Air Force Institute of Technology remains eligible for such instruction only so long at that 

person remains employed by the same firm. 

(c) ANNUAL DETERMINATION BY THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR

FORCE.—Defense industry employees may receive instruction at the 

United States Air Force Institute of Technology during any academic year only if, before the start of that academic year, the Secretary of the Air Force, or the designee of the Secretary, determines that providing instruction to defense industry employees 

under this section during that year— 

(1) will further the military mission of the United States 

Air Force Institute of Technology; and 

(2) will be done on a space-available basis and not require 

an increase in the size of the faculty of the school, an increase 

in the course offerings of the school, or an increase in the laboratory facilities or other infrastructure of the school. 

(d) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

shall ensure that— 

(1) the curriculum in which defense industry employees 

may be enrolled under this section is not readily available 

through other schools and concentrates on the areas of focus 

specified in subsection (a)(1) that are conducted by military organizations and defense contractors working in close cooperation; and 

(2) the course offerings at the United States Air Force Institute of Technology continue to be determined solely by the 

needs of the Department of Defense. 

(e) TUITION.—(1) The United States Air Force Institute of 

Technology shall charge tuition for students enrolled under this 

section at a rate not less than the rate charged for employees of 

the United States outside the Department of the Air Force. 

(2) Amounts received by the United States Air Force Institute 

of Technology for instruction of students enrolled under this section 

shall be retained by the school to defray the costs of such instruction. The source, and the disposition, of such funds shall be specifically identified in records of the school. 

(f) STANDARDS OF CONDUCT.—While receiving instruction at 

the United States Air Force Institute of Technology, defense industry employees enrolled under this section, to the extent practicable, 

are subject to the same regulations governing academic performance, attendance, norms of behavior, and enrollment as apply to 

Government civilian employees receiving instruction at the school. 

(Added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 593(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4232.) 

§ 9315. Community College of the Air Force: associate degrees 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND MISSION.—There is in the Air Force a 

Community College of the Air Force. Such college, in cooperation 

with civilian colleges and universities, shall— 
2133 § 9317 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

(1) prescribe programs of higher education for enlisted 

members described in subsection (b) designed to improve the 

technical, managerial, and related skills of such members and 

to prepare such members for military jobs which require the 

utilization of such skills; and 

(2) monitor on a continuing basis the progress of members 

pursuing such programs. 

(b) MEMBERS ELIGIBLE FOR PROGRAMS.—Subject to such other 

eligibility requirements as the Secretary concerned may prescribe, 

the following members of the armed forces are eligible to participate in programs of higher education under subsection (a)(1): 

(1) Enlisted members of the Air Force. 

(2) Enlisted members of the armed forces other than the 

Air Force who are serving as instructors at Air Force training 

schools. 

(c) ASSOCIATE DEGREES.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), an academic degree at the level of associate may be conferred under section 9317 of this title upon any enlisted member who has completed a program prescribed by the Community College of the Air 

Force. 

(2) No degree may be conferred upon any enlisted member 

under this section unless the Secretary of Education determines 

that the standards for the award of academic degrees in agencies 

of the United States have been met. 

(Added Pub. L. 94–361, title VI, Sec. 602, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 928; amended Pub. L. 96– 

513, title V, Sec. 514(9), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, Sec. 

1182(a)(12), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1078(a), Feb. 

10, 1996, 110 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 552(a), (b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 

1748; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 556(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1915.) 

[§ 9316. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title III, Sec. 

353(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4425] 

§ 9317. Degree granting authority for Air University 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Except as provided in sections 9314 and 9315 

of this title, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Air Force, the commander of the Air University may, upon the recommendation of the faculty of the Air University components, confer appropriate degrees upon graduates who meet the degree requirements. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A degree may not be conferred under this section unless— 

(1) the Secretary of Education has recommended approval 

of the degree in accordance with the Federal Policy Governing 

Granting of Academic Degrees by Federal Agencies; and 

(2) the Air University is accredited by the appropriate civilian academic accrediting agency or organization to award 

the degree, as determined by the Secretary of Education. 

(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) When 

seeking to establish degree granting authority under this section, 

the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed 

Services of the Senate and House of Representatives— 

(A) a copy of the self assessment questionnaire required by 

the Federal Policy Governing Granting of Academic Degrees by 

Federal Agencies, at the time the assessment is submitted to 
§ 9319 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 2134 

the Department of Education’s National Advisory Committee 

on Institutional Quality and Integrity; and 

(B) the subsequent recommendations and rationale of the 

Secretary of Education regarding the establishment of the degree granting authority. 

(2) Upon any modification or redesignation of existing degree 

granting authority, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the rationale for the proposed 

modification or redesignation and any subsequent recommendation 

of the Secretary of Education on the proposed modification or redesignation. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees 

on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a 

report containing an explanation of any action by the appropriate 

academic accrediting agency or organization not to accredit the Air 

University to award any new or existing degree. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 913(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2828; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(a), (b)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 108–375, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 556(a), (c)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1914, 1915; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 527, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 543(i)(1), 

Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4464.) 

§ 9319. Recruit basic training: separate housing for male 

and female recruits 

(a) PHYSICALLY SEPARATE HOUSING.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Air Force shall provide for housing male recruits and female recruits separately and securely from each other during basic training. 

(2) To meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the sleeping 

areas and latrine areas provided for male recruits shall be physically separated from the sleeping areas and latrine areas provided 

for female recruits by permanent walls, and the areas for male recruits and the areas for female recruits shall have separate entrances. 

(3) The Secretary shall ensure that, when a recruit is in an 

area referred to in paragraph (2), the area is supervised by one or 

more persons who are authorized and trained to supervise the 

area. 

(b) ALTERNATIVE SEPARATE HOUSING.—If male recruits and female recruits cannot be housed as provided under subsection (a) by 

October 1, 2001, at a particular installation, the Secretary of the 

Air Force shall require (on and after that date) that male recruits 

in basic training at such installation be housed in barracks or other 

troop housing facilities that are only for males and that female recruits in basic training at such installation be housed in barracks 

or other troop housing facilities that are only for females. 

(c) CONSTRUCTION PLANNING.—In planning for the construction 

of housing to be used for housing recruits during basic training, the 

Secretary of the Air Force shall ensure that the housing is to be 

constructed in a manner that facilitates the housing of male recruits and female recruits separately and securely from each other. 

(d) BASIC TRAINING DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘basic 

training’’ means the initial entry training program of the Air Force 

that constitutes the basic training of new recruits. 
2135 § 9320 CH. 901—TRAINING GENERALLY 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2011.) 

§ 9320. Recruit basic training: privacy 

The Secretary of the Air Force shall require that access by 

military training instructors and other training personnel to a living area in which recruits are housed during basic training shall 

be limited after the end of the training day, other than in the case 

of an emergency or other exigent circumstance, to military training 

instructors and other training personnel who are of the same sex 

as the recruits housed in that living area or to superiors in the 

chain of command of those recruits who, if not of the same sex as 

the recruits housed in that living area, are accompanied by a member (other than a recruit) who is of the same sex as the recruits 

housed in that living area. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2013.) 
2136 

CHAPTER 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

Sec. 

9331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty. 

9332. Departments and professors: titles. 

9333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail. 

9333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position. 

9334. Command and supervision. 

9335. Dean of the Faculty. 

9336. Permanent professors; director of admissions. 

9337. Chaplain. 

9338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation. 

9341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence. 

9341a. Cadets: appointment by the President. 

9342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution. 

9343. Cadets: appointment; to bring to full strength. 

9344. Selection of persons from foreign countries. 

9345. Exchange program with foreign military academies. 

9345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities. 

9346. Cadets: requirements for admission. 

9347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States. 

9348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer. 

9349. Cadets: organization; service; instruction. 

9350. Cadets: clothing and equipment. 

9351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of failure on successor. 

9352. Cadets: hazing. 

9353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation. 

9354. Buildings and grounds: buildings for religious worship. 

9355. Board of Visitors. 

9356. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major projects. 

9357. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized grantees. 

9359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds. 

9360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation. 

9361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence. 

9362. Support of athletic programs. 

§ 9331. Establishment; Superintendent; faculty 

(a) There is in the Department of the Air Force an Air Force 

Academy (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the ‘‘Academy’’) 

for the instruction and preparation for military service of selected 

persons called ‘‘Air Force cadets’’. The organization of the Academy 

shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(b) There shall be at the Academy the following: 

(1) A Superintendent. 

(2) A Dean of the Faculty. 

(3) A Commandant of Cadets. 

(4) 23 permanent professors. 

(5) A chaplain. 

(6) A director of admissions. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 561; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(19), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 523; 

Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(10), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 515(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1441; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(b), 

Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2410; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(b)(3), Nov. 30, 1993, 
2137 § 9334 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

107 Stat. 1658; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 529(c)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1471; 

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 545, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4466.) 

§ 9332. Departments and professors: titles 

The Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe the titles of each 

of the departments of instruction and the professors of the Academy. However, the change of the title of a department or officer 

does not affect the status, rank, or eligibility for promotion or retirement of, or otherwise prejudice, a professor at the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562.) 

§ 9333. Superintendent; faculty: appointment and detail 

(a) The Superintendent and the Commandant of Cadets of the 

Academy shall be detailed to those positions by the President from 

the officers of the Air Force. 

(b) The permanent professors of the Academy shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate. 

(c) The director of admissions of the Academy shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, and shall perform such duties as the Superintendent of the 

Academy may prescribe with the approval of the Secretary of the 

Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(20), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 523; 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(a)(2), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1441.) 

§ 9333a. Superintendent: condition for detail to position 

(a) RETIREMENT.—As a condition for detail to the position of 

Superintendent of the Academy, an officer shall acknowledge that 

upon termination of that detail the officer shall be retired pursuant 

to section 8921(a) of this title, unless such retirement is waived 

under section 8921(b) of this title. 

(b) MINIMUM TOUR OF DUTY.—An officer who is detailed to the 

position of Superintendent of the Academy shall be so detailed for 

a period of not less than three years. In any case in which an officer serving as Superintendent is reassigned or retires before having 

completed three years service as Superintendent, or otherwise 

leaves that position (other than due to death) without having completed three years service in that position, the Secretary of the Air 

Force shall submit to Congress notice that such officer left the position of Superintendent without having completed three years service in that position, together with a statement of the reasons why 

that officer did not complete three years service in that position. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(3)(B), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 603; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 541(b)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1903.) 

§ 9334. Command and supervision 

(a) The immediate government of the Academy is under the 

Superintendent, who is also the commanding officer of the Academy and of the military post. 

(b) The permanent professors and the director of admissions 

exercise command only in the academic department of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(21), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 524; 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(a)(3), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1441.) 
§ 9335 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2138 

§ 9335. Dean of the Faculty 

(a) The Dean of the Faculty is responsible to the Superintendent for developing and sustaining the curriculum and overseeing the faculty of the Academy. The qualifications, selection procedures, training, pay grade, and retention of the Dean shall be 

prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, except that a person 

may not be appointed or assigned as Dean unless that person holds 

the highest academic degree in that person’s academic field. If a 

person appointed as the Dean is not an officer on active duty, the 

person shall be appointed as a member of the Senior Executive 

Service. 

(b) While serving as Dean of the Faculty, an officer on active 

duty who holds a grade lower than brigadier general (or the equivalent) shall hold the grade of brigadier general (or the equivalent), 

if appointed to that grade by the President, by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate. The retirement age of an officer so appointed is that of a permanent professor of the Academy. An officer 

so appointed is counted for purposes of the applicable limitation in 

section 526(a) of this title on general officers on active duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(46)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1567; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3867; Pub. L. 102– 

484, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 533(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 529(a), (b), Nov. 

24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1471; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 542, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 

1904.) 

§ 9336. Permanent professors; director of admissions 

(a) A permanent professor of the Academy who is the head of 

a department of instruction, or who has served as such a professor 

for more than six years, has the grade of colonel. However, a permanent professor appointed from the Regular Air Force has the 

grade of colonel after the date when he completes six years of service as a professor, or after the date on which he would have been 

promoted had he been selected for promotion from among officers 

in the promotion zone, whichever is earlier. All other permanent 

professors have the grade of lieutenant colonel. 

(b) A person appointed as director of admissions of the Academy has the regular grade of lieutenant colonel, and, after he has 

served six years as director of admissions, has the regular grade 

of colonel. However, a person appointed from the Regular Air Force 

has the regular grade of colonel after the date when he completes 

six years of service as director of admissions, or after the date on 

which he would have been promoted had he been selected for promotion from among officers in the promotion zone, whichever is 

earlier. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562; Pub. L. 85–600, Sec. 1(22), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 524; 

Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(46)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1567; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, Sec. 

218(b), title V, Sec. 504(24), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886, 2917; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 

533(d)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(a)(4), (b)(1), 

Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1441; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 529(c)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 

117 Stat. 1472.) 

§ 9337. Chaplain 

There shall be a chaplain at the Academy, who must be a clergyman, appointed by the President for a term of four years. The 

chaplain is entitled to the same allowances for public quarters as 
2139 § 9342 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

are allowed to a captain, and to fuel and light for quarters in kind. 

The chaplain may be reappointed. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 562; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 117, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

513.) 

§ 9338. Civilian faculty: number; compensation 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Academy as the 

Secretary considers necessary. 

(b) The compensation of persons employed under this section 

is as prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) The Secretary of the Air Force may, notwithstanding the 

provisions of subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5 or section 6101 

of such title, prescribe for persons employed under this section the 

following: 

(1) The work schedule, including hours of work and tours 

of duty, set forth with such specificity and other characteristics 

as the Secretary determines appropriate. 

(2) Any premium pay or compensatory time off for hours 

of work or tours of duty in excess of the regularly scheduled 

hours or tours of duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1658; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1107(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 778.) 

§ 9341. Faculty and other officers: leaves of absence 

The Superintendent of the Academy may grant a leave of absence for the period of the suspension of the ordinary academic 

studies, without deduction of pay or allowances, to a professor, assistant professor, instructor, or other officer of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 563.) 

§ 9341a. Cadets: appointment by the President 

Cadets at the Academy shall be appointed by the President 

alone. An appointment is conditional until the cadet is admitted. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 203(c)(2)(A), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1006.) 

§ 9342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial distribution 

(a) The authorized strength of Air Force Cadets of the Academy (determined for any year as of the day before the last day of 

the academic year) is 4,400 or such lower number as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force under subsection (j). Subject to that limitation, Air Force Cadets are selected as follows: 

(1) 65 cadets selected in order of merit as established by 

competitive examination from the children of members of the 

armed forces who were killed in action or died of, or have a 

service-connected disability rated at not less than 100 per centum resulting from wounds or injuries received or diseases contracted in, or preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, active service, children of members who are in a ‘‘missing status’’ 

as defined in section 551(2) of title 37, and children of civilian 

employees who are in ‘‘missing status’’ as defined in section 

5561(5) of title 5. The determination of the Department of Veterans Affairs as to service connection of the cause of death or 
§ 9342 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2140 

disability, and the percentage at which the disability is rated, 

is binding upon the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(2) Five cadets nominated at large by the Vice President 

or, if there is no Vice President, by the President pro tempore 

of the Senate. 

(3) Ten cadets from each State, five of whom are nominated by each Senator from that State. 

(4) Five cadets from each congressional district, nominated 

by the Representative from the district. 

(5) Five cadets from the District of Columbia, nominated 

by the Delegate to the House of Representatives from the District of Columbia. 

(6) Three cadets from the Virgin Islands, nominated by the 

Delegate in Congress from the Virgin Islands. 

(7) Six cadets from Puerto Rico, five of whom are nominated by the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico and one 

who is a native of Puerto Rico nominated by the Governor of 

Puerto Rico. 

(8) Three cadets from Guam, nominated by the Delegate in 

Congress from Guam. 

(9) Two cadets from American Samoa, nominated by the 

Delegate in Congress from American Samoa. 

(10) Two cadets from the Commonwealth of the Northern 

Mariana Islands, nominated by the Delegate in Congress from 

the commonwealth. 

Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, including 

the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is available to him under 

this section. Nominees may be submitted without ranking or with 

a principal candidate and 9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified nominees not selected for appointment under this subsection 

shall be considered qualified alternates for the purposes of selection 

under other provisions of this chapter. 

(b) In addition, there may be appointed each year at the Academy cadets as follows: 

(1) one hundred selected by the President from the children of members of an armed force who— 

(A) are on active duty (other than for training) and 

who have served continuously on active duty for at least 

eight years; 

(B) are, or who died while they were, retired with pay 

or granted retired or retainer pay; 

(C) are serving as members of reserve components and 

are credited with at least eight years of service computed 

under section 12733 of this title; or 

(D) would be, or who died while they would have been, 

entitled to retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title except for not having attained 60 years of age; 

however, a person who is eligible for selection under clause (1) 

of subsection (a) may not be selected under this clause. 

(2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Air Force from 

enlisted members of the Regular Air Force. 

(3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Air Force from 

enlisted members of reserve components of the Air Force. 
2141 § 9342 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

(4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the Air Force, under 

regulations prescribed by him, from the honor graduates of 

schools designated as honor schools by the Department of the 

Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 

Air Force, and from members of the Air Force Reserve Officers’ 

Training Corps. 

(5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the Air Force in order 

of merit (prescribed pursuant to section 9343 of this title) from 

qualified alternates nominated by persons named in clauses (3) 

and (4) of subsection (a). 

(c) The President may also appoint as cadets at the Academy 

children of persons who have been awarded the Medal of Honor for 

acts performed while in the armed forces. 

(d) The Superintendent may nominate for appointment each 

year 50 persons from the country at large. Persons nominated 

under this paragraph may not displace any appointment authorized under clauses (2) through (9) of subsection (a) and may not 

cause the total strength of Air Force Cadets to exceed the authorized number. 

(e) If the annual quota of cadets under subsection (b)(1), (2), or 

(3) is not filled, the Secretary may fill the vacancies by nominating 

for appointment other candidates from any of these sources who 

were found best qualified on examination for admission and not 

otherwise nominated. 

(f) Each candidate for admission nominated under clauses (3) 

through (9) of subsection (a) must be domiciled in the State, or in 

the congressional district, from which he is nominated, or in the 

District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the 

Virgin Islands, if nominated from one of those places. 

(g) The Secretary of the Air Force may limit the number of cadets authorized to be appointed under this section to the number 

that can be adequately accommodated at the Academy as determined by the Secretary after consulting with the Committee on 

Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, subject to the following: 

(1) Cadets chargeable to each nominating authority named 

in subsection (a)(3) or (4) may not be limited to less than four. 

(2) If the Secretary limits the number of appointments 

under subsection (a)(3) or (4), appointments under subsection 

(b)(1)–(4) are limited as follows: 

(A) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(1); 

(B) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(2); 

(C) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(3); and 

(D) 13 appointments under subsection (b)(4). 

(3) If the Secretary limits the number of appointments 

under subsection (b)(5), appointments under subsection (b)(2)– 

(4) are limited as follows: 

(A) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(2); 

(B) 27 appointments under subsection (b)(3); and 

(C) 13 appointments under subsection (b)(4). 

(4) The limitations provided for in this subsection do not 

affect the operation of subsection (e). 

(h) The Superintendent shall furnish to any Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, the name of the 
§ 9342 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2142 

Congressman or other nominating authority responsible for the 

nomination of any named or identified person for appointment to 

the Academy. 

(i) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) establishing 

the aggregate authorized strength of Air Force Cadets, the Secretary of the Air Force may for any year permit a variance in that 

limitation by not more than one percent. In applying that limitation, and any such variance, the last day of an academic year shall 

be considered to be graduation day. 

(j)(1) Beginning with the 2003–2004 academic year, the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe annual increases in the cadet 

strength limit in effect under subsection (a). For any academic 

year, any such increase shall be by no more than 100 cadets or 

such lesser number as applies under paragraph (3) for that year. 

Such annual increases may be prescribed until the cadet strength 

limit is 4,400. 

(2) Any increase in the cadet strength limit under paragraph 

(1) with respect to an academic year shall be prescribed not later 

than the date on which the budget of the President is submitted 

to Congress under sections 1105 of title 31 for the fiscal year beginning in the same year as the year in which that academic year begins. Whenever the Secretary prescribes such an increase, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a notice in writing of the increase. 

The notice shall state the amount of the increase in the cadet 

strength limit and the new cadet strength limit, as so increased, 

and the amount of the increase in Senior Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps enrollment under each of sections 2104 and 

2107 of this title. 

(3) The amount of an increase under paragraph (1) in the cadet 

strength limit for an academic year may not exceed the increase (if 

any) for the preceding academic year in the total number of cadets 

enrolled in the Air Force Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps 

program under chapter 103 of this title who have entered into an 

agreement under section 2104 or 2107 of this title. 

(4) In this subsection, the term ‘‘cadet strength limit’’ means 

the authorized maximum strength of Air Force Cadets of the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 563; Pub. L. 87–663, Sec. 1(5), (6), Sept. 14, 1962, 76 Stat. 

547; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 4(1), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 151; Pub. L. 89–650, Sec. 1(1)–(3), (5), 

Oct. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 90–374, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 

2(8), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 91–405, title II, Sec. 204(c), Sept. 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 

852; Pub. L. 92–365, Sec. 1(3), Aug. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 3(1)–(4), Nov. 

29, 1973, 87 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(1), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538; Pub. 

L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(11), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2935; Pub. L. 96–600, Sec. 2(c), Dec. 

24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3493; Pub. L. 97–60, title II, Sec. 203(c)(1), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1006; Pub. 

L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1005(a)(3), (b)(3), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 660, 661; Pub. L. 101–189, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 532(c)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1563; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 531, Nov. 30, 

1993, 107 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1674(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(c), title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 315, 502; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(62), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903; 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(b)(3), title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 602, 

774; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 531(c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

110; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(c), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2546; Pub. L. 108– 

136, div. A, title V, Sec. 524(c), title X, Sec. 1031(a)(58), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1464, 1603; 

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(38), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 110– 

229, title VII, Sec. 718(c), May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 

540(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4454; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(c), Oct. 28, 2009, 

123 Stat. 2288.) 
2143 § 9344 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

§ 9343. Cadets: appointment; to bring to full strength 

If it is determined that, upon the admission of a new class to 

the Academy, the number of cadets at the Academy will be below 

the authorized number, the Secretary of the Air Force may fill the 

vacancies by nominating additional cadets from qualified candidates designated as alternates and from other qualified candidates who competed for nomination and are recommended and 

found qualified by the Academy Board. At least three-fourths of 

those nominated under this section shall be selected from qualified 

alternates nominated by the persons named in clauses (2) through 

(8) of section 9342(a) of this title, and the remainder from qualified 

candidates holding competitive nominations under any other provision of law. An appointment under this section is an additional appointment and is not in place of an appointment otherwise authorized by law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 564; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 4(2), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 153; 

Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 46, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 93–171, Sec. 3(5), Nov. 29, 1973, 

87 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(2), (c)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1563, 

1564.) 

§ 9344. Selection of persons from foreign countries 

(a)(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may permit not more than 

60 persons at any one time from foreign countries to receive instruction at the Academy. Such persons shall be in addition to the 

authorized strength of the Air Force Cadets of the Academy under 

section 9342 of this title. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force, upon approval by the Secretary of Defense, shall determine the countries from which persons may be selected for appointment under this section and the 

number of persons that may be selected from each country. The 

Secretary of the Air Force may establish entrance qualifications 

and methods of competition for selection among individual applicants under this section and shall select those persons who will be 

permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section. 

(3) In selecting persons to receive instruction under this section 

from among applicants from the countries approved under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Air Force shall give a priority to persons who have a national service obligation to their countries upon 

graduation from the Academy. 

(b)(1) A person receiving instruction under this section is entitled to the pay, allowances, and emoluments of a cadet appointed 

from the United States, and from the same appropriations. 

(2) Each foreign country from which a cadet is permitted to receive instruction at the Academy under this section shall reimburse 

the United States for the cost of providing such instruction, including the cost of pay, allowances, and emoluments provided under 

paragraph (1) The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe the 

rates for reimbursement under this paragraph, except that the reimbursement rates may not be less than the cost to the United 

States of providing such instruction, including pay, allowances, and 

emoluments, to a cadet appointed from the United States. 

(3) The Secretary of Defense may waive, in whole or in part, 

the requirement for reimbursement of the cost of instruction for a 
§ 9345 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2144 

cadet under paragraph (2). In the case of a partial waiver, the Secretary shall establish the amount waived. 

(c)(1) Except as the Secretary of the Air Force determines, a 

person receiving instruction under this section is subject to the 

same regulations governing admission, attendance, discipline, resignation, discharge, dismissal, and graduation as a cadet at the 

Academy appointed from the United States. The Secretary may 

prescribe regulations with respect to access to classified information by a person receiving instruction under this section that differ 

from the regulations that apply to a cadet at the Academy appointed from the United States. 

(2) A person receiving instruction under this section is not entitled to an appointment in an armed force of the United States by 

reason of graduation from the Academy. 

(d) A person receiving instruction under this section is not subject to section 9346(d) of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 564; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1004(c)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 

97 Stat. 659; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1744; Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 534(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. 

A], title V, Sec. 532(c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–110; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 533(c)(1), (2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1106.) 

§ 9345. Exchange program with foreign military academies 

(a) EXCHANGE PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may permit a student enrolled at a military academy of 

a foreign country to receive instruction at the Air Force Academy 

in exchange for an Air Force cadet receiving instruction at that foreign military academy pursuant to an exchange agreement entered 

into between the Secretary and appropriate officials of the foreign 

country. Students receiving instruction at the Academy under the 

exchange program shall be in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Academy under section 9344 of this title. 

(b) LIMITATIONS ON NUMBER AND DURATION OF EXCHANGES.— 

An exchange agreement under this section between the Secretary 

and a foreign country shall provide for the exchange of students on 

a one-for-one basis each fiscal year. Not more than 100 Air Force 

cadets and a comparable number of students from all foreign military academies participating in the exchange program may be exchanged during any fiscal year. The duration of an exchange may 

not exceed the equivalent of one academic semester at the Air 

Force Academy. 

(c) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—(1) A student from a military academy of a foreign country is not entitled to the pay, allowances, and 

emoluments of an Air Force cadet by reason of attendance at the 

Air Force Academy under the exchange program, and the Department of Defense may not incur any cost of international travel required for transportation of such a student to and from the sponsoring foreign country. 

(2) The Secretary may provide a student from a foreign country 

under the exchange program, during the period of the exchange, 

with subsistence, transportation within the continental United 

States, clothing, health care, and other services to the same extent 

that the foreign country provides comparable support and services 

to the exchanged Air Force cadet in that foreign country. 
2145 § 9346 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

(3) The Air Force Academy shall bear all costs of the exchange 

program from funds appropriated for the Academy and such additional funds as may be available to the Academy from a source 

other than appropriated funds to support cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with the exchange program. 

(4) Expenditures in support of the exchange program from 

funds appropriated for the Academy may not exceed $1,000,000 

during any fiscal year. 

(d) APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS.—Subsections (c) and (d) of 

section 9344 of this title shall apply with respect to a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country while attending 

the Air Force Academy under the exchange program. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to 

implement this section. Such regulations may include qualification 

criteria and methods of selection for students of foreign military 

academies to participate in the exchange program. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 542(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1742; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 535(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 531(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2199.) 

§ 9345a. Foreign and cultural exchange activities 

(a) ATTENDANCE AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

may authorize the Air Force Academy to permit students, officers, 

and other representatives of a foreign country to attend the Air 

Force Academy for periods of not more than two weeks if the Secretary determines that the attendance of such persons contributes 

significantly to the development of foreign language, cross cultural 

interactions and understanding, and cultural immersion of cadets. 

(b) COSTS AND EXPENSES.—The Secretary may pay the travel, 

subsistence, and similar personal expenses of persons incurred to 

attend the Air Force Academy under subsection (a). 

(c) EFFECT OF ATTENDANCE.—Persons attending the Air Force 

Academy under subsection (a) are not considered to be students enrolled at the Air Force Academy and are in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Air Force Academy under section 9344 or 

9345 of this title. 

(d) SOURCE OF FUNDS; LIMITATION.—(1) The Air Force Academy shall bear the costs of the attendance of persons under subsection (a) from funds appropriated for the Air Force Academy and 

from such additional funds as may be available to the Air Force 

Academy from a source, other than appropriated funds, to support 

cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with their attendance. 

(2) Expenditures from appropriated funds in support of activities under this section may not exceed $40,000 during any fiscal 

year. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 541(c)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4456.) 

§ 9346. Cadets: requirements for admission 

(a) To be eligible for admission to the Academy a candidate 

must be at least 17 years of age and must not have passed his 

twenty-third birthday on July 1 of the year in which he enters the 

Academy. 
§ 9347 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2146 

(b) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must show, 

by an examination held under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, that he is qualified in the subjects prescribed by the Secretary. 

(c) A candidate designated as a principal or an alternate for 

appointment as a cadet shall appear for physical examination at a 

time and place designated by the Secretary. 

(d) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must take 

and subscribe to an oath prescribed by the Secretary of the Air 

Force. If a candidate for admission refuses to take and subscribe 

to the prescribed oath, his appointment is terminated. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 565; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 47, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1121; 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 555(d), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2527.) 

§ 9347. Cadets; nominees: effect of redistricting of States 

If as a result of redistricting a State the domicile of a cadet, 

or a nominee, nominated by a Representative falls within a congressional district other than that from which he was nominated, 

he is charged to the district in which his domicile so falls. For this 

purpose, the number of cadets otherwise authorized for that district is increased to include him. However, the number as so increased is reduced by one if he fails to become a cadet or when he 

is finally separated from the Academy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 565.) 

§ 9348. Cadets: agreement to serve as officer 

(a) Each cadet shall sign an agreement with respect to the cadet’s length of service in the armed forces. The agreement shall 

provide that the cadet agrees to the following: 

(1) That the cadet will complete the course of instruction 

at the Academy. 

(2) That upon graduation from the Academy the cadet— 

(A) will accept an appointment, if tendered, as a commissioned officer of the Regular Air Force; and 

(B) will serve on active duty for at least five years immediately after such appointment. 

(3) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) is 

not tendered or if the cadet is permitted to resign as a regular 

officer before completion of the commissioned service obligation 

of the cadet, the cadet— 

(A) will accept an appointment as a commissioned officer as a Reserve in the Air Force for service in the Air 

Force Reserve; and 

(B) will remain in that reserve component until completion of the commissioned service obligation of the cadet. 

(4) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) or 

(3) is tendered and the cadet participates in a program under 

section 2121 of this title, the cadet will fulfill any unserved obligation incurred under this section on active duty, regardless 

of the type of appointment held, upon completion of, and in addition to, any service obligation incurred under section 2123 of 

this title for participation in such program. 

(b)(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may transfer to the Air 

Force Reserve, and may order to active duty for such period of time 
2147 § 9349 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

as the Secretary prescribes (but not to exceed four years), a cadet 

who breaches an agreement under subsection (a). The period of 

time for which a cadet is ordered to active duty under this paragraph may be determined without regard to section 651(a) of this 

title. 

(2) A cadet who is transferred to the Air Force Reserve under 

paragraph (1) shall be transferred in an appropriate enlisted grade 

or rating, as determined by the Secretary. 

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a cadet shall be considered to have breached an agreement under subsection (a) if the 

cadet is separated from the Academy under circumstances which 

the Secretary determines constitute a breach by the cadet of the cadet’s agreement to complete the course of instruction at the Academy and accept an appointment as a commissioned officer upon 

graduation from the Academy. 

(c) The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe regulations 

to carry out this section. Those regulations shall include— 

(1) standards for determining what constitutes, for the 

purpose of subsection (b), a breach of an agreement under subsection (a); 

(2) procedures for determining whether such a breach has 

occurred; and 

(3) standards for determining the period of time for which 

a person may be ordered to serve on active duty under subsection(b). 

(d) In this section, the term ‘‘commissioned service obligation’’, 

with respect to an officer who is a graduate of the Academy, means 

the period beginning on the date of the officer’s appointment as a 

commissioned officer and ending on the sixth anniversary of such 

appointment or, at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, any 

later date up to the eighth anniversary of such appointment. 

(e)(1) This section does not apply to a cadet who is not a citizen 

or national of the United States. 

(2) In the case of a cadet who is a minor and who has parents 

or a guardian, the cadet may sign the agreement required by subsection (a) only with the consent of a parent or guardian. 

(f) A cadet or former cadet who does not fulfill the terms of the 

agreement as specified under subsection (a), or the alternative obligation imposed under subsection (b), shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 565; Pub. L. 88–276, Sec. 5(a), Mar. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 153; 

Pub. L. 88–647, title III, Sec. 301(25), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 

541(c), 542(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 512(c), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 625; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(d), title XVI, Sec. 1622(e)(5), Nov. 29, 

1989, 103 Stat. 1439, 1605; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 531(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 

314; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 687(c)(11), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3335; Pub. L. 111– 

84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(29), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 554(c), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4221.) 

§ 9349. Cadets: organization; service; instruction 

(a) A cadet shall perform duties at such places and of such type 

as the President may direct. 

(b) The course of instruction at the Academy is four years. 

(c) The Secretary of the Air Force shall so arrange the course 

of studies at the Academy that cadets are not required to pursue 

their studies on Sunday. 
§ 9350 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2148 

(d) Cadets shall be trained in the duties of members of the Air 

Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 566.) 

§ 9350. Cadets: clothing and equipment 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe the amount 

to be credited to a cadet, upon original admission to the Academy, 

for the cost of his initial issue of clothing and equipment. That 

amount shall be deducted from his pay. If a cadet is discharged before graduation while owing the United States for pay advanced for 

the purchase of required clothing and equipment, he shall turn in 

so much of his clothing and equipment of a distinctive military nature as is necessary to repay the amount advanced. If the value of 

the clothing and equipment turned in does not cover the amount 

owed, the indebtedness shall be canceled. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, 

uniforms and equipment shall be furnished to a cadet at the Academy upon his request. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 566.) 

§ 9351. Cadets: deficiencies in conduct or studies; effect of 

failure on successor 

(a) A cadet who is reported as deficient in conduct or studies 

and recommended to be discharged from the Academy may not, unless recommended by the Academy Board, be returned or reappointed to the Academy. 

(b) Any cadet who fails to pass a required examination because 

he is deficient in any one subject of instruction is entitled to a reexamination of equal scope and difficulty in that subject, if he applies 

in writing to the Superintendent within 10 days after he is officially notified of his failure. The reexamination shall be held within 

60 days after the date of his application. If the cadet passes the reexamination and is otherwise qualified, he shall be readmitted to 

the Academy. If he fails, he may not have another examination. 

(c) The failure of a member of a graduating class to complete 

the course with his class does not delay the admission of his successor. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 566.) 

§ 9352. Cadets: hazing 

(a) Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, 

the Superintendent of the Academy shall issue regulations— 

(1) defining hazing; 

(2) designed to prevent that practice; and 

(3) prescribing dismissal, suspension, or other adequate 

punishment for violations. 

(b) If a cadet who is charged with violating a regulation issued 

under subsection (a), the penalty for which is or may be dismissal 

from the Academy, requests in writing a trial by a general courtmartial, he may not be dismissed for that offense except under sentence of such a court. 

(c) A cadet dismissed from the Academy for hazing may not be 

reappointed as an Air Force cadet, and is ineligible for appointment 

as a commissioned officer in a regular component of the Army, 
2149 § 9355 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, until two years after the graduation of his class. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 566.) 

§ 9353. Cadets: degree and commission on graduation 

(a) The Superintendent of the Academy may, under such conditions as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe, confer the 

degree of bachelor of science upon graduates of the Academy. 

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a cadet who 

completes the prescribed course of instruction may, upon graduation, be appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Air Force 

under section 531 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 567; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(201), 33(a)(43), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1541, 1567; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 504(25), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2917; Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 542(d), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1743.) 

§ 9354. Buildings and grounds: buildings for religious worship 

The Secretary of the Air Force may authorize any denomination, sect, or religious body to erect a building for religious worship 

at the Air Force Academy, if its erection will not interfere with the 

use of the reservation for military purposes and will be without expense to the United States. Such a building shall be removed, or 

its location changed, without compensation for it and without expense to the United States, by the denomination, sect, or religious 

body that erected it, whenever in the opinion of the Secretary public or military necessity so requires. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 567.) 

§ 9355. Board of Visitors 

(a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is constituted annually. 

The Board consists of the following members: 

(1) Six persons designated by the President. 

(2) The chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the House of Representatives, or his designee. 

(3) Four persons designated by the Speaker of the House 

of Representatives, three of whom shall be members of the 

House of Representatives and the fourth of whom may not be 

a member of the House of Representatives. 

(4) The chairman of the Committee on Armed Services of 

the Senate, or his designee. 

(5) Three other members of the Senate designated by the 

Vice President or the President pro tempore of the Senate, two 

of whom are members of the Committee on Appropriations of 

the Senate. 

(b)(1) The persons designated by the President serve for three 

years each except that any member whose term of office has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is designated. The 

President shall designate persons each year to succeed the members designated by the President whose terms expire that year. 

(2) At least two of the members designated by the President 

shall be graduates of the Academy. 

(c)(1) If a member of the Board dies or resigns or is terminated 

as a member of the Board under paragraph (2), a successor shall 
§ 9355 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2150 

be designated for the unexpired portion of the term by the official 

who designated the member. 

(2)(A) If a member of the Board fails to attend two successive 

Board meetings, except in a case in which an absence is approved 

in advance, for good cause, by the Board chairman, such failure 

shall be grounds for termination from membership on the Board. 

A person designated for membership on the Board shall be provided notice of the provisions of this paragraph at the time of such 

designation. 

(B) Termination of membership on the Board under subparagraph (A)— 

(i) in the case of a member of the Board who is not a member of Congress, may be made by the Board chairman; and 

(ii) in the case of a member of the Board who is a member 

of Congress, may be made only by the official who designated 

the member. 

(C) When a member of the Board is subject to termination from 

membership on the Board under subparagraph (A), the Board 

chairman shall notify the official who designated the member. 

Upon receipt of such a notification with respect to a member of the 

Board who is a member of Congress, the official who designated the 

member shall take such action as that official considers appropriate. 

(d) The Board should meet at least four times a year, with at 

least two of those meetings at the Academy. The Board or its members may make other visits to the Academy in connection with the 

duties of the Board. Board meetings should last at least one full 

day. Board members shall have access to the Academy grounds and 

the cadets, faculty, staff, and other personnel of the Academy for 

the purposes of the duties of the Board. 

(e)(1) The Board shall inquire into the morale, discipline, and 

social climate, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating to the 

Academy that the Board decides to consider. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force and the Superintendent of 

the Academy shall provide the Board candid and complete disclosure, consistent with applicable laws concerning disclosure of information, with respect to institutional problems. 

(3) The Board shall recommend appropriate action. 

(f) The Board shall prepare a semiannual report containing its 

views and recommendations pertaining to the Academy, based on 

its meeting since the last such report and any other considerations 

it determines relevant. Each such report shall be submitted concurrently to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the Air 

Force, and to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and 

the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 

(g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call in advisers for consultation. 

(h) While performing duties as a member of the Board, each 

member of the Board and each adviser shall be reimbursed under 

Government travel regulations for travel expenses. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 567; Pub. L. 96–579, Sec. 13(c), Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3369; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(e)(2), title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(12), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. 
2151 § 9356 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 543, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1904; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1071(a)(39), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2400.) 

§ 9356. Acceptance of guarantees with gifts for major 

projects 

(a) ACCEPTANCE AUTHORITY.—Subject to subsection (c), the 

Secretary of the Air Force may accept from a donor or donors a 

qualified guarantee for the completion of a major project for the 

benefit of the Academy. 

(b) OBLIGATION AUTHORITY.—The amount of a qualified guarantee accepted under this section shall be considered as contract 

authority to provide obligation authority for purposes of Federal 

fiscal and contractual requirements. Funds available for a project 

for which such a guarantee has been accepted may be obligated 

and expended for the project without regard to whether the total 

amount of the funds and other resources available for the project 

(not taking into account the amount of the guarantee) is sufficient 

to pay for completion of the project. 

(c) NOTICE OF PROPOSED ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may not accept a qualified guarantee under this section 

for the completion of a major project until after the expiration of 

30 days following the date upon which a report of the facts concerning the proposed guarantee is submitted to Congress or, if earlier, the expiration of 14 days following the date on which a copy 

of the report is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title. 

(d) PROHIBITION ON COMMINGLING OF FUNDS.—The Secretary 

of the Air Force may not enter into any contract or other transaction involving the use of a qualified guarantee and appropriated 

funds in the same contract or transaction. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) MAJOR PROJECT.—The term ‘‘major project’’ means a 

project for the purchase or other procurement of real or personal property, or for the construction, renovation, or repair of 

real or personal property, the total cost of which is, or is estimated to be, at least $1,000,000. 

(2) QUALIFIED GUARANTEE.—The term ‘‘qualified guarantee’’, with respect to a major project, means a guarantee 

that— 

(A) is made by one or more persons in connection with 

a donation, specifically for the project, of a total amount in 

cash or securities that, as determined by the Secretary of 

the Air Force, is sufficient to defray a substantial portion 

of the total cost of the project; 

(B) is made to facilitate or expedite the completion of 

the project in reasonable anticipation that other donors 

will contribute sufficient funds or other resources in 

amounts sufficient to pay for completion of the project; 

(C) is set forth as a written agreement that provides 

for the donor to furnish in cash or securities, in addition 

to the donor’s other gift or gifts for the project, any additional amount that may become necessary for paying the 

cost of completing the project by reason of a failure to obtain from other donors or sources funds or other resources 
§ 9356 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2152 

in amounts sufficient to pay the cost of completing the 

project; and 

(D) is accompanied by— 

(i) an irrevocable and unconditional standby letter 

of credit for the benefit of the Academy that is in the 

amount of the guarantee and is issued by a major 

United States commercial bank; or 

(ii) a qualified account control agreement. 

(3) QUALIFIED ACCOUNT CONTROL AGREEMENT.—The term 

‘‘qualified account control agreement’’, with respect to a guarantee of a donor, means an agreement among the donor, the 

Secretary of the Air Force, and a major United States investment management firm that— 

(A) ensures the availability of sufficient funds or other 

financial resources to pay the amount guaranteed during 

the period of the guarantee; 

(B) provides for the perfection of a security interest in 

the assets of the account for the United States for the benefit of the Academy with the highest priority available for 

liens and security interests under applicable law; 

(C) requires the donor to maintain in an account with 

the investment management firm assets having a total 

value that is not less than 130 percent of the amount guaranteed; and 

(D) requires the investment management firm, at any 

time that the value of the account is less than the value 

required to be maintained under subparagraph (C), to liquidate any noncash assets in the account and reinvest the 

proceeds in Treasury bills issued under section 3104 of 

title 31. 

(4) MAJOR UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL BANK.—The term 

‘‘major United States commercial bank’’ means a commercial 

bank that— 

(A) is an insured bank (as defined in section 3 of the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)); 

(B) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(C) has net assets in a total amount considered by the 

Secretary of the Air Force to qualify the bank as a major 

bank. 

(5) MAJOR UNITED STATES INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

FIRM.—The term ‘‘major United States investment management firm’’ means any broker, dealer, investment adviser, or 

provider of investment supervisory services (as defined in section 3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c) 

or section 202 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 

U.S.C. 80b–2)) or a major United States commercial bank 

that— 

(A) is headquartered in the United States; and 

(B) holds for the account of others investment assets 

in a total amount considered by the Secretary of the Air 

Force to qualify the firm as a major investment management firm. 
2153 § 9359 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2871(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 875; amended 

Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title X, Sec. 1087(a)(17)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

291; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(59), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603.) 

§ 9357. Grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, 

and educational purposes: acceptance; authorized 

grantees 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may authorize the Superintendent of the Academy to accept qualifying research grants under this section. Any such grant 

may only be accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried 

out by a professor or instructor of the Academy for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The Superintendent shall use the funds 

in the account in accordance with applicable regulations and the 

terms and conditions of the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Academy may be used to pay expenses incurred by the Academy 

in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, award of a qualifying research grant. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, Sec. 1063(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2131.) 

§ 9359. Mixed-funded athletic and recreational extracurricular programs: authority to manage appropriated funds in same manner as nonappropriated 

funds 

(a) AUTHORITY.—In the case of an Academy mixed-funded athletic or recreational extracurricular program, the Secretary of the 

Air Force may designate funds appropriated to the Department of 

the Air Force and available for that program to be treated as nonappropriated funds and expended for that program in accordance 

with laws applicable to the expenditure of nonappropriated funds. 

Appropriated funds so designated shall be considered to be nonappropriated funds for all purposes and shall remain available 

until expended. 

(b) COVERED PROGRAMS.—In this section, the term ‘‘Academy 

mixed-funded athletic or recreational extracurricular program’’ 

means an athletic or recreational extracurricular program of the 

Academy to which each of the following applies: 

(1) The program is not considered a morale, welfare, or 

recreation program. 
§ 9360 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2154 

(2) The program is supported through appropriated funds. 

(3) The program is supported by a nonappropriated fund 

instrumentality. 

(4) The program is not a private organization and is not 

operated by a private organization. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 544(c)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1907.) 

§ 9360. Cadets: charges and fees for attendance; limitation 

(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection (b), no 

charge or fee for tuition, room, or board for attendance at the Academy may be imposed unless the charge or fee is specifically authorized by a law enacted after October 5, 1994. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition specified in subsection (a) 

does not apply with respect to any item or service provided to cadets for which a charge or fee is imposed as of October 5, 1994. The 

Secretary of Defense shall notify Congress of any change made by 

the Academy in the amount of a charge or fee authorized under 

this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 545(c)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1908.) 

§ 9361. Policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence 

(a) REQUIRED POLICY.—Under guidance prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force shall direct the 

Superintendent of the Academy to prescribe a policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence applicable to the cadets and other personnel of the Academy. 

(b) MATTERS TO BE SPECIFIED IN POLICY.—The policy on sexual harassment and sexual violence prescribed under this section 

shall include specification of the following: 

(1) Programs to promote awareness of the incidence of 

rape, acquaintance rape, and other sexual offenses of a criminal nature that involve cadets or other Academy personnel. 

(2) Procedures that a cadet should follow in the case of an 

occurrence of sexual harassment or sexual violence, including— 

(A) if the cadet chooses to report an occurrence of sexual harassment or sexual violence, a specification of the 

person or persons to whom the alleged offense should be 

reported and the options for confidential reporting; 

(B) a specification of any other person whom the victim should contact; and 

(C) procedures on the preservation of evidence potentially necessary for proof of criminal sexual assault. 

(3) Procedures for disciplinary action in cases of alleged 

criminal sexual assault involving a cadet or other Academy 

personnel. 

(4) Any other sanction authorized to be imposed in a substantiated case of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving a cadet or other Academy personnel in rape, acquaintance 

rape, or any other criminal sexual offense, whether forcible or 

nonforcible. 

(5) Required training on the policy for all cadets and other 

Academy personnel, including the specific training required for 
2155 § 9361 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

personnel who process allegations of sexual harassment or sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(c) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, 

through the Secretary of the Air Force, shall direct the Superintendent to conduct at the Academy during each Academy program year an assessment, to be administered by the Department 

of Defense, to determine the effectiveness of the policies, training, 

and procedures of the Academy with respect to sexual harassment 

and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(2) For the assessment at the Academy under paragraph (1) 

with respect to an Academy program year that begins in an oddnumbered calendar year, the Secretary of the Air Force shall conduct a survey, to be administered by the Department of Defense, 

of Academy personnel— 

(A) to measure— 

(i) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have been reported to officials of the 

Academy; and 

(ii) the incidence, during that program year, of sexual 

harassment and sexual violence events, on or off the Academy reservation, that have not been reported to officials of 

the Academy; and 

(B) to assess the perceptions of Academy personnel of— 

(i) the policies, training, and procedures on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; 

(ii) the enforcement of such policies; 

(iii) the incidence of sexual harassment and sexual violence involving Academy personnel; and 

(iv) any other issues relating to sexual harassment 

and sexual violence involving Academy personnel. 

(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force shall 

direct the Superintendent of the Academy to submit to the Secretary a report on sexual harassment and sexual violence involving 

cadets or other personnel at the Academy for each Academy program year. 

(2) Each report under paragraph (1) shall include, for the 

Academy program year covered by the report, the following: 

(A) The number of sexual assaults, rapes, and other sexual 

offenses involving cadets or other Academy personnel that 

have been reported to Academy officials during the program 

year and, of those reported cases, the number that have been 

substantiated. 

(B) The policies, procedures, and processes implemented by 

the Secretary of the Air Force and the leadership of the Academy in response to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving cadets or other Academy personnel during the program 

year. 

(C) A plan for the actions that are to be taken in the following Academy program year regarding prevention of and response to sexual harassment and sexual violence involving cadets or other Academy personnel. 

(3) Each report under paragraph (1) for an Academy program 

year that begins in an odd-numbered calendar year shall include 
§ 9362 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 2156 

the results of the survey conducted in that program year under 

subsection (c)(2). 

(4)(A) The Secretary of the Air Force shall transmit to the Secretary of Defense, and to the Board of Visitors of the Academy, 

each report received by the Secretary under this subsection, together with the Secretary’s comments on the report. 

(B) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit each such report, 

together with the Secretary’s comments on the report, to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 532(a)(3), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2203.) 

§ 9362. Support of athletic programs 

(a) CORPORATION FOR SUPPORT AUTHORIZED.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may, in accordance with the laws of the 

State of incorporation, establish a corporation (in this section referred to as the ‘‘corporation’’) to support the athletic programs of 

the Academy. All stock of the corporation shall be owned by the 

United States and held in the name of and voted by the Secretary 

of the Air Force. 

(2) The corporation shall operate exclusively for charitable, 

educational, and civic purposes to support the athletic programs of 

the Academy. 

(b) CORPORATE ORGANIZATION.—The corporation shall be organized and operated— 

(1) as a nonprofit corporation under section 501 (c)(3) of 

the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 

(2) in accordance with this section; and 

(3) pursuant to the laws of the State of incorporation, its 

articles of incorporation, and its bylaws. 

(c) CORPORATE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—(1) The members of the 

board of directors of the corporation shall serve without compensation as members of the board, except for reasonable travel and 

other related expenses for attendance at meetings of the board. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force may authorize military and 

civilian personnel of the Air Force under section 1033 of this title 

to serve, in their official capacities, as members of the board of directors of the corporation, but such personnel shall not hold more 

than one-third of the directorships. 

(d) TRANSFERS FROM NONAPPROPRIATED FUND OPERATION.— 

The Secretary of the Air Force may, subject to the acceptance of 

the corporation, transfer to the corporation all title to and ownership of the assets and liabilities of the Air Force nonappropriated 

fund instrumentality whose functions include providing support for 

the athletic programs of the Academy, including bank accounts and 

financial reserves in its accounts, equipment, supplies, and other 

personal property, but excluding any interest in real property. 

(e) ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS.—The Secretary of the Air Force may 

accept from the corporation funds, supplies, and services for the 

support of cadets and Academy personnel during their participation 

in Academy or corporate events related to the athletic programs of 

the Academy. 

(f) LEASES.—The Secretary of the Air Force may, in accordance 

with section 2667 of this title, lease real and personal property to 
2157 § 9362 CH. 903—UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY 

the corporation for purposes related to the athletic programs of the 

Academy. Funds received from any such lease may be retained and 

spent by the Secretary to support athletic programs of the Academy. 

(g) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

may enter into cooperative agreements (as described in section 

6305 of title 31) with the corporation for purposes related to the 

athletic programs of the Academy. 

(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, Sec. 528(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2289.) 
2158 

CHAPTER 905—AVIATION LEADERSHIP PROGRAM 

Sec. 

9381. Establishment of program. 

9382. Supplies and clothing. 

9383. Allowances. 

§ 9381. Establishment of program 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the 

Secretary of the Air Force may establish and maintain an Aviation 

Leadership Program to provide undergraduate pilot training and 

necessary related training to personnel of the air forces of friendly, 

less-developed foreign nations. Training under this chapter shall 

include language training and programs to promote better awareness and understanding of the democratic institutions and social 

framework of the United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1178(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1769.) 

§ 9382. Supplies and clothing 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may, under such conditions 

as the Secretary may prescribe, provide to a person receiving training under this chapter— 

(1) transportation incident to the training; 

(2) supplies and equipment to be used during the training; 

(3) flight clothing and other special clothing required for 

the training; and 

(4) billeting, food, and health services. 

(b) The Secretary of the Air Force may authorize such expenditures from the appropriations of the Air Force as the Secretary considers necessary for the efficient and effective maintenance of the 

Program in accordance with this chapter. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1178(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1769.) 

§ 9383. Allowances 

The Secretary of the Air Force may pay to a person receiving 

training under this chapter a living allowance at a rate to be prescribed by the Secretary, taking into account the amount of living 

allowances authorized for a member of the armed forces under 

similar circumstances. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1178(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1769.) 
2159 

CHAPTER 907—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

Sec. 

9411. Establishment: purpose. 

9412. Operation. 

9413. Transportation and subsistence during travel. 

9414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales. 

9415. Inter-American Air Forces Academy. 

9417. Air War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes. 

§ 9411. Establishment: purpose 

The Secretary of the Air Force may maintain schools and 

camps for the military instruction and training of persons selected, 

upon their application, from warrant officers and enlisted members 

of the Air Force and civilians, to qualify them for appointment as 

reserve officers, or enlistment as reserve noncommissioned officers, 

for service in the Air Force Reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 571.) 

§ 9412. Operation 

In maintaining camps established under section 9411 of this 

title, the Secretary of the Air Force may— 

(1) prescribe the periods during which they will be operated; 

(2) prescribe regulations for their administration; 

(3) prescribe the courses to be taught; 

(4) detail members of the Regular Air Force to designated 

duties relating to the camps; 

(5) use necessary supplies and transportation; 

(6) furnish uniforms, subsistence, and medical attendance 

and supplies to persons attending the camp; and 

(7) authorize necessary expenditures from proper Air Force 

funds for— 

(A) water; 

(B) fuel; 

(C) light; 

(D) temporary structures, except barracks and officers’ 

quarters; 

(E) screening; 

(F) damages resulting from field exercises; 

(G) expenses incident to theoretical winter instruction 

of trainees; and 

(H) other expenses incident to maintaining the camps. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 571.) 
§ 9413 CH. 907—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 2160 

1So in original. No section 9416 has been enacted. 

§ 9413. Transportation and subsistence during travel 

(a) There may be furnished to a person attending a school or 

camp established under section 9411 of this title, for travel to and 

from that school or camp— 

(1) transportation and subsistence; 

(2) transportation in kind and a subsistence allowance of 

one cent a mile; or 

(3) a travel allowance of five cents a mile. 

(b) The travel allowance for the return trip may be paid in advance. 

(c) For the purposes of this section, distance is computed by the 

shortest usually traveled route, within such territorial limits as the 

Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe, from the authorized 

starting point to the school or camp and return. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 572.) 

§ 9414. Quartermaster and ordnance property: sales 

The Secretary of the Air Force may sell to a person attending 

a school or camp established under section 9411 of this title quartermaster and ordnance property necessary for his proper equipment. Sales under this section shall be for cash. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 572.) 

§ 9415. Inter-American Air Forces Academy 

(a) OPERATION.—The Secretary of the Air Force may operate 

the Air Force education and training facility known as the InterAmerican Air Forces Academy for the purpose of providing military 

education and training to military personnel of Central and South 

American countries, Caribbean countries, and other countries eligible for assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.). 

(b) COSTS.—The fixed costs of operating and maintaining the 

Inter-American Air Forces Academy may be paid from funds available for operation and maintenance of the Air Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title III, Sec. 330(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1535.) 

§ 9417.1 Air War College: acceptance of grants for faculty research for scientific, literary, and educational purposes 

(a) ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH GRANTS.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may authorize the Commandant of the Air War College 

to accept qualifying research grants. Any such grant may only be 

accepted if the work under the grant is to be carried out by a professor or instructor of the College for a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(b) QUALIFYING GRANTS.—A qualifying research grant under 

this section is a grant that is awarded on a competitive basis by 

an entity referred to in subsection (c) for a research project with 

a scientific, literary, or educational purpose. 

(c) ENTITIES FROM WHICH GRANTS MAY BE ACCEPTED.—A 

grant may be accepted under this section only from a corporation, 
2161 § 9417 CH. 907—SCHOOLS AND CAMPS 

fund, foundation, educational institution, or similar entity that is 

organized and operated primarily for scientific, literary, or educational purposes. 

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT FUNDS.—The Secretary shall establish an account for administering funds received as research 

grants under this section. The Commandant shall use the funds in 

the account in accordance with applicable provisions of the regulations and the terms and condition of the grants received. 

(e) RELATED EXPENSES.—Subject to such limitations as may be 

provided in appropriations Acts, appropriations available for the 

Air War College may be used to pay expenses incurred by the College in applying for, and otherwise pursuing, the award of qualifying research grants. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations 

for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(f)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3243.) 
2162 

CHAPTER 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 

Sec. 

9441. Status as federally chartered corporation; purposes. 

9442. Status as volunteer civilian auxiliary of the Air Force. 

9443. Activities performed as federally chartered nonprofit corporation. 

9444. Activities performed as auxiliary of the Air Force. 

9445. Funds appropriated for the Civil Air Patrol. 

9446. Miscellaneous personnel authorities. 

9447. Board of Governors. 

9448. Regulations. 

§ 9441. Status as federally chartered corporation; purposes 

(a) STATUS.—(1) The Civil Air Patrol is a nonprofit corporation 

that is federally chartered under section 40301 of title 36. 

(2) Except as provided in section 9442(b)(2) of this title, the 

Civil Air Patrol is not an instrumentality of the Federal Government for any purpose. 

(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Civil Air Patrol are set 

forth in section 40302 of title 36. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–295.) 

§ 9442. Status as volunteer civilian auxiliary of the Air 

Force 

(a) VOLUNTEER CIVILIAN AUXILIARY.—The Civil Air Patrol is a 

volunteer civilian auxiliary of the Air Force when the services of 

the Civil Air Patrol are used by any department or agency in any 

branch of the Federal Government. 

(b) USE BY AIR FORCE.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may 

use the services of the Civil Air Patrol to fulfill the noncombat programs and missions of the Department of the Air Force. 

(2) The Civil Air Patrol shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the United States with respect to any act or omission of 

the Civil Air Patrol, including any member of the Civil Air Patrol, 

in carrying out a mission assigned by the Secretary of the Air 

Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–295.) 

§ 9443. Activities performed as federally chartered nonprofit 

corporation 

(a) USE OF FEDERALLY PROVIDED RESOURCES.—In its status as 

a federally chartered nonprofit corporation, the Civil Air Patrol 

may use equipment, supplies, and other resources, including aircraft, motor vehicles, computers, and communications equipment, 

provided to the Civil Air Patrol by a department or agency of the 

Federal Government or acquired by or for the Civil Air Patrol with 

appropriated funds (or with funds of the Civil Air Patrol, but reimbursed from appropriated funds)— 
2163 § 9444 CH. 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 

(1) to provide assistance requested by State or local governmental authorities to perform disaster relief missions and 

activities, other emergency missions and activities, and nonemergency missions and activities; and 

(2) to fulfill its other purposes set forth in section 40302 

of title 36. 

(b) USE SUBJECT TO APPLICABLE LAWS.—The use of equipment, 

supplies, or other resources under subsection (a) is subject to the 

laws and regulations that govern the use by nonprofit corporations 

of federally provided assets or of assets purchased with appropriated funds, as the case may be. 

(c) AUTHORITY NOT CONTINGENT ON REIMBURSEMENT.—The authority for the Civil Air Patrol to provide assistance under subsection (a)(1) is not contingent on the Civil Air Patrol being reimbursed for the cost of providing the assistance. If the Civil Air Patrol elects to require reimbursement for the provision of assistance 

under such subsection, the Civil Air Patrol may establish the reimbursement rate at a rate less than the rates charged by private sector sources for equivalent services. 

(d) LIABILITY INSURANCE.—The Secretary of the Air Force may 

provide the Civil Air Patrol with funds for paying the cost of liability insurance to cover missions and activities carried out under this 

section. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–295.) 

§ 9444. Activities performed as auxiliary of the Air Force 

(a) AIR FORCE SUPPORT FOR ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may furnish to the Civil Air Patrol in accordance with 

this section any equipment, supplies, and other resources that the 

Secretary determines necessary to enable the Civil Air Patrol to 

fulfill the missions assigned by the Secretary to the Civil Air Patrol 

as an auxiliary of the Air Force. 

(b) FORMS OF AIR FORCE SUPPORT.—The Secretary of the Air 

Force may, under subsection (a)— 

(1) give, lend, or sell to the Civil Air Patrol without regard 

to subtitle I of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 

3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41— 

(A) major items of equipment (including aircraft, 

motor vehicles, computers, and communications equipment) that are excess to the military departments; and 

(B) necessary related supplies and training aids that 

are excess to the military departments; 

(2) permit the use, with or without charge, of services and 

facilities of the Air Force; 

(3) furnish supplies (including fuel, lubricants, and other 

items required for vehicle and aircraft operations) or provide 

funds for the acquisition of supplies; 

(4) establish, maintain, and supply liaison officers of the 

Air Force at the national, regional, State, and territorial headquarters of the Civil Air Patrol; 

(5) detail or assign any member of the Air Force or any officer, employee, or contractor of the Department of the Air 
§ 9444 CH. 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 2164 

Force to any liaison office at the national, regional, State, or 

territorial headquarters of the Civil Air Patrol; 

(6) detail any member of the Air Force or any officer, employee, or contractor of the Department of the Air Force to any 

unit or installation of the Civil Air Patrol to assist in the training programs of the Civil Air Patrol; 

(7) authorize the payment of travel expenses and allowances, at rates not to exceed those paid to employees of the 

United States under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, to 

members of the Civil Air Patrol while the members are carrying out programs or missions specifically assigned by the Air 

Force; 

(8) provide funds for the national headquarters of the Civil 

Air Patrol, including— 

(A) funds for the payment of staff compensation and 

benefits, administrative expenses, travel, per diem and allowances, rent, utilities, other operational expenses of the 

national headquarters; and 

(B) to the extent considered necessary by the Secretary of the Air Force to fulfill Air Force requirements, 

funds for the payment of compensation and benefits for 

key staff at regional, State, or territorial headquarters; 

(9) authorize the payment of expenses of placing into serviceable condition, improving, and maintaining equipment (including aircraft, motor vehicles, computers, and communications equipment) owned or leased by the Civil Air Patrol; 

(10) provide funds for the lease or purchase of items of 

equipment that the Secretary determines necessary for the 

Civil Air Patrol; 

(11) support the Civil Air Patrol cadet program by furnishing— 

(A) articles of the Air Force uniform to cadets without 

cost; and 

(B) any other support that the Secretary of the Air 

Force determines is consistent with Air Force missions and 

objectives; and 

(12) provide support, including appropriated funds, for the 

Civil Air Patrol aerospace education program to the extent that 

the Secretary of the Air Force determines appropriate for furthering the fulfillment of Air Force missions and objectives. 

(c) ASSISTANCE BY OTHER AGENCIES.—(1) The Secretary of the 

Air Force may arrange for the use by the Civil Air Patrol of such 

facilities and services under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the 

Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the head of any other department or agency of the United States as the Secretary of the Air 

Force considers to be needed by the Civil Air Patrol to carry out 

its mission. 

(2) An arrangement for use of facilities or services of a military 

department or other department or agency under this subsection 

shall be subject to the agreement of the Secretary of the military 

department or head of the other department or agency, as the case 

may be. 
2165 § 9447 CH. 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 

(3) Each arrangement under this subsection shall be made in 

accordance with regulations prescribed under section 9448 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–296; amended Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(35), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298; Pub. L. 111– 

350, Sec. 5(b)(54), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3847.) 

§ 9445. Funds appropriated for the Civil Air Patrol 

Funds appropriated for the Civil Air Patrol shall be available 

only for the exclusive use of the Civil Air Patrol. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–297.) 

§ 9446. Miscellaneous personnel authorities 

(a) USE OF RETIRED AIR FORCE PERSONNEL.—(1) Upon the request of a person retired from service in the Air Force, the Secretary of the Air Force may enter into a personal services contract 

with that person providing for the person to serve as an administrator or liaison officer for the Civil Air Patrol. The qualifications 

of a person to provide the services shall be determined and approved in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 

9448 of this title. 

(2) To the extent provided in a contract under paragraph (1), 

a person providing services under the contract may accept services 

on behalf of the Air Force. 

(3) A person, while providing services under a contract authorized under paragraph (1), may not be considered to be on active 

duty or inactive-duty training for any purpose. 

(b) USE OF CIVIL AIR PATROL CHAPLAINS.—The Secretary of the 

Air Force may use the services of Civil Air Patrol chaplains in support of the Air Force active duty and reserve component forces to 

the extent and under conditions that the Secretary determines appropriate. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–297.) 

§ 9447. Board of Governors 

(a) GOVERNING BODY.—The Board of Governors of the Civil Air 

Patrol is the governing body of the Civil Air Patrol. 

(b) COMPOSITION.—The Board of Governors is composed of 11 

members as follows: 

(1) Four members appointed by the Secretary of the Air 

Force, who may be active or retired officers of the Air Force 

(including reserve components of the Air Force), employees of 

the United States, or private citizens. 

(2) Four members of the Civil Air Patrol, selected in accordance with the constitution and bylaws of the Civil Air Patrol. 

(3) Three members appointed or selected as provided in 

subsection (c) from among personnel of any Federal Government agencies, public corporations, nonprofit associations, and 

other organizations that have an interest and expertise in civil 

aviation and the Civil Air Patrol mission. 

(c) APPOINTMENTS FROM INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the members of the Board of Governors re-
§ 9447 CH. 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 2166 

ferred to in subsection (b)(3) shall be appointed jointly by the Secretary of the Air Force and the National Commander of the Civil 

Air Patrol. 

(2) Any vacancy in the position of a member referred to in 

paragraph (1) that is not filled under that paragraph within 90 

days shall be filled by majority vote of the other members of the 

Board. 

(d) CHAIRMAN.—The Chairman of the Board of Governors shall 

be chosen by the members of the Board of Governors from among 

the members of the Board referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 

subsection (b) and shall serve for a term of two years. The position 

of Chairman shall be held on a rotating basis between members of 

the Board appointed by the Secretary of the Air Force under paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and members of the Board selected 

under paragraph (2) of that subsection. 

(e) POWERS.—(1) The Board of Governors shall, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), exercise the powers granted to the Civil Air Patrol under section 40304 of title 36. 

(2) Any exercise by the Board of the power to amend the constitution or bylaws of the Civil Air Patrol or to adopt a new constitution or bylaws shall be subject to approval by a majority of the 

members of the Board. 

(3) Neither the Board of Governors nor any other component 

of the Civil Air Patrol may modify or terminate any requirement 

or authority set forth in this section. 

(f) PERSONAL LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF A FIDUCIARY DUTY.— 

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Board of Governors may take such 

action as is necessary to limit the personal liability of a member 

of the Board of Governors to the Civil Air Patrol, or to any of its 

members, for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty 

while serving as a member of the Board. 

(2) The Board may not limit the liability of a member of the 

Board of Governors to the Civil Air Patrol, or to any of its members, for monetary damages for any of the following: 

(A) A breach of the member’s duty of loyalty to the Civil 

Air Patrol or its members. 

(B) Any act or omission that is not in good faith or that 

involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law. 

(C) Participation in any transaction from which the member directly or indirectly derives an improper personal benefit. 

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as rendering 

section 207 or 208 of title 18 inapplicable in any respect to a member of the Board of Governors who is a member of the Air Force 

on active duty, an officer on a retired list of the Air Force, or an 

employee of the United States. 

(g) PERSONAL LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF A FIDUCIARY DUTY.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), no member of the Board 

of Governors or officer of the Civil Air Patrol shall be personally 

liable for damages for any injury or death or loss or damage of 

property resulting from a tortious act or omission of an employee 

or member of the Civil Air Patrol. 

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a member of the Board of 

Governors or officer of the Civil Air Patrol for a tortious act or 

omission in which the member or officer, as the case may be, was 
2167 § 9448 CH. 909—CIVIL AIR PATROL 

personally involved, whether in breach of a civil duty or in commission of a criminal offense. 

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to restrict the 

applicability of common law protections and rights that a member 

of the Board of Governors or officer of the Civil Air Patrol may 

have. 

(4) The protections provided under this subsection are in addition to the protections provided under subsection (f). 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–298.) 

§ 9448. Regulations 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Air Force shall prescribe 

regulations for the administration of this chapter. 

(b) REQUIRED REGULATIONS.—The regulations shall include the 

following: 

(1) Regulations governing the conduct of the activities of 

the Civil Air Patrol when it is performing its duties as a volunteer civilian auxiliary of the Air Force under section 9442 of 

this title. 

(2) Regulations for providing support by the Air Force and 

for arranging assistance by other agencies under section 9444 

of this title. 

(3) Regulations governing the qualifications of retired Air 

Force personnel to serve as an administrator or liaison officer 

for the Civil Air Patrol under a personal services contract entered into under section 9446(a) of this title. 

(c) APPROVAL BY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.—The regulations required by subsection (b)(2) shall be subject to the approval of the 

Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1090(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–299.) 

2169 

PART IV—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND 

PROCUREMENT 

Chap. Sec. 

931. Civil Reserve Air Fleet ................................................... 9511 

933. Procurement .................................................................... 9531 

935. Issue of Serviceable Material to Armed Forces ............ 9561 

937. Utilities and Services ...................................................... 9591 

939. Sale of Serviceable Material .......................................... 9621 

941. Issue of Serviceable Material Other Than to Armed 

Forces ........................................................................... 9651 

943. Disposal of Obsolete or Surplus Material ..................... 9681 

945. Disposition of Effects of Deceased Persons ................... 9712 

947. Transportation ................................................................ 9741 

949. Real Property .................................................................. 9771 

951. Military Claims ............................................................... 9801 

953. Accountability and Responsibility ................................. 9831 

2171 

CHAPTER 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 

Sec. 

9511. Definitions. 

9512. Contracts for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features. 

9513. Use of military installations by Civil Reserve Air Fleet contractors. 

9514. Indemnification of Department of Transportation for losses covered by 

defense-related aviation insurance. 

9515. Charter air transportation services: minimum annual purchase amount for 

carriers participating in Civil Reserve Air Fleet. 

§ 9511. Definitions 

In this chapter: 

(1) The terms ‘‘aircraft’’, ‘‘citizen of the United States’’, 

‘‘civil aircraft’’, ‘‘person’’, and ‘‘public aircraft’’ have the meanings given those terms by section 40102(a) of title 49. 

(2) The term ‘‘passenger-cargo combined aircraft’’ means a 

civil aircraft equipped so that its main deck can be used to 

carry both passengers and property (including mail) simultaneously. 

(3) The term ‘‘cargo-capable aircraft’’ means a civil aircraft 

equipped so that all or substantially all of the aircraft’s capacity can be used for the carriage of property or mail. 

(4) The term ‘‘passenger aircraft’’ means a civil aircraft 

equipped so that its main deck can be used for the carriage of 

individuals and cannot be used principally, without major 

modification, for the carriage of property or mail. 

(5) The term ‘‘cargo-convertible aircraft’’ means a passenger aircraft equipped or designed so that all or substantially all of the main deck of the aircraft can be readily converted for the carriage of property or mail. 

(6) The term ‘‘Civil Reserve Air Fleet’’ means those aircraft 

allocated, or identified for allocation, to the Department of Defense under section 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 

(50 U.S.C. App. 2071), or made available (or agreed to be made 

available) for use by the Department of Defense under a contract made under this title, as part of the program developed 

by the Department of Defense through which the Department 

of Defense augments its airlift capability by use of civil aircraft. 

(7) The term ‘‘contractor’’ means a citizen of the United 

States (A) who owns or controls, or who will own or control, a 

new or existing aircraft and who contracts with the Secretary 

under section 9512 of this title to modify that aircraft by including or incorporating specified defense features in that aircraft and to commit that aircraft to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, 

(B) who subsequently obtains ownership or control of a civil 

aircraft covered by such a contract and assumes all existing obligations under that contract, or (C) who owns or controls, or 
§ 9512 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 2172 

will own or control, new or existing aircraft and who, by contract, commits some or all of such aircraft to the Civil Reserve 

Air Fleet. 

(8) The term ‘‘existing aircraft’’ means a civil aircraft other 

than a new aircraft. 

(9) The term ‘‘new aircraft’’ means a civil aircraft that a 

manufacturer has not begun to assemble before the aircraft is 

covered by a contract under section 9512 of this title. 

(10) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of the Air 

Force. 

(11) The term ‘‘defense feature’’ means equipment or design features included or incorporated in a civil aircraft which 

ensures the compatibility of such aircraft with the Department 

of Defense airlift system. Such term includes any equipment or 

design feature which enables such aircraft to be readily modified for use as an aeromedical aircraft or a cargo-convertible, 

cargo-capable, or passenger-cargo combined aircraft. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, Sec. 915(2), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1125; amended Pub. L. 100– 

180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(17), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title 

XII, Sec. 1233(k)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2058; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1636(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1609; Pub. L. 103–272, Sec. 5(b)(2), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

1373; Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3031, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3334.) 

§ 9512. Contracts for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features 

(a) AUTHORITY TO CONTRACT.—Subject to the provisions of 

chapter 137 of this title, and to the extent that funds are otherwise 

available for obligation, the Secretary— 

(1) may contract with any citizen of the United States for 

the inclusion or incorporation of defense features in any new 

or existing aircraft to be owned or controlled by that citizen; 

and 

(2) may contract with United States aircraft manufacturers for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features in new 

aircraft to be operated by a United States air carrier. 

(b) COMMITMENT TO CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET.—Each contract 

entered into under this section shall provide— 

(1) that any aircraft covered by the contract shall be committed to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet; 

(2) that, so long as the aircraft is owned or controlled by 

a contractor, the contractor shall operate the aircraft for the 

Department of Defense as needed during any activation of the 

Civil Reserve Air Fleet, notwithstanding any other contract or 

commitment of that contractor; and 

(3) that the contractor operating the aircraft for the Department of Defense shall be paid for that operation at fair and 

reasonable rates. 

(c) TERMS AND REQUIRED REPAYMENT.—Each contract entered 

into under subsection (a) shall include a provision that requires the 

contractor to repay to the United States a percentage (to be established in the contract) of any amount paid by the United States to 

the contractor under the contract with respect to any aircraft if— 

(1) the aircraft is destroyed or becomes unusable, as defined in the contract; 
2173 § 9513 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 

(2) the defense features specified in the contract are rendered unusable or are removed from the aircraft; 

(3) control over the aircraft is transferred to any person 

that is unable or unwilling to assume the contractor’s obligations under the contract; or 

(4) the registration of the aircraft under section 44103 of 

title 49 is terminated for any reason not beyond the control of 

the contractor. 

(d) AUTHORITY TO CONTRACT AND PAY DIRECTLY.—(1) A contract under subsection (a) for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features in an aircraft may include a provision authorizing 

the Secretary— 

(A) to contract, with the concurrence of the contractor, directly with another person for the performance of the work 

necessary for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features 

in such aircraft; and 

(B) to pay such other person directly for such work. 

(2) A contract entered into pursuant to paragraph (1) may include such specifications for work and equipment as the Secretary 

considers necessary to meet the needs of the United States. 

(e) EXCLUSIVITY OF COMMITMENT TO CIVIL RESERVE AIR

FLEET.—Notwithstanding section 101 of the Defense Production 

Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2071), each aircraft covered by a contract entered into under this section shall be committed exclusively 

to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet for use by the Department of Defense 

as needed during any activation of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet unless the aircraft is released from that use by the Secretary of 

Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, Sec. 915(2), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1126; amended Pub. L. 98– 

525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(57), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2626; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1636(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1609; Pub. L. 103–272, Sec. 5(b)(3), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

1373; Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3032(1)–(8), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3334, 3335; Pub. L. 

104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1087, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 458.) 

§ 9513. Use of military installations by Civil Reserve Air 

Fleet contractors 

(a) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—(1) The Secretary of the Air 

Force— 

(A) may, by contract entered into with any contractor, authorize such contractor to use one or more Air Force installations designated by the Secretary; and 

(B) with the consent of the Secretary of another military 

department, may, by contract entered into with any contractor, 

authorize the contractor to use one or more installations, designated by the Secretary of the Air Force, that is under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of such other military department. 

(2) The Secretary of the Air Force may include in the contract 

such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate 

to promote the national defense or to protect the interests of the 

United States. 

(b) PURPOSES OF USE.—A contract entered into under subsection (a) may authorize use of a designated installation as a 

weather alternate, as a technical stop not involving the enplaning 

or deplaning of passengers or cargo, or, in the case of an installation within the United States, for other commercial purposes. Not-
§ 9514 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 2174 

withstanding any other provision of the law, the Secretary may establish different levels and types of uses for different installations 

for commercial operations not required by the Department of Defense and may provide in contracts under subsection (a) for different levels and types of uses by different contractors. 

(c) DISPOSITION OF PAYMENTS FOR USE.—Notwithstanding any 

other provision of law, amounts collected from the contractor for 

landing fees, services, supplies, or other charges authorized to be 

collected under the contract shall be credited to the appropriations 

of the armed forces having jurisdiction over the military installation to which the contract pertains. Amounts so credited to an appropriation shall be available for obligation for the same period as 

the appropriation to which credited. 

(d) HOLD HARMLESS REQUIREMENT.—A contract entered into 

under subsection (a) shall provide that the contractor agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the United States from any action, suit, 

or claim of any sort resulting from, relating to, or arising out of any 

activities conducted, or services or supplies furnished, in connection 

with the contract. 

(e) RESERVATION OF RIGHT TO EXCLUDE CONTRACTOR.—A contract entered into under subsection (a) shall provide that the Secretary concerned may, without providing prior notice, deny access 

to an installation designated under the contract when the Secretary determines that it is necessary to do so in order to meet 

military exigencies. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3033(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3335.) 

§ 9514. Indemnification of Department of Transportation for 

losses covered by defense-related aviation insurance 

(a) PROMPT INDEMNIFICATION REQUIRED.—(1) In the event of a 

loss that is covered by defense-related aviation insurance, the Secretary of Defense shall promptly indemnify the Secretary of Transportation for the amount of the loss consistent with the indemnification agreement between the two Secretaries that underlies 

such insurance. The Secretary of Defense shall make such indemnification— 

(A) in the case of a claim for the loss of an aircraft hull, 

not later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary 

of Transportation determines the claim to be payable or that 

amounts are due under the policy that provided the defenserelated aviation insurance; and 

(B) in the case of any other claim, not later than 180 days 

after the date on which the Secretary of Transportation determines the claim to be payable. 

(2) When there is a loss of an aircraft hull that is (or may be) 

covered by defense-related aviation insurance, the Secretary of 

Transportation may make, during the period when a claim for such 

loss is pending with the Secretary of Transportation, any required 

periodic payments owed by the insured party to a lessor or mortgagee of such aircraft. Such payments shall commence not later 

than 30 days following the date of the presentment of the claim for 

the loss of the aircraft hull to the Secretary of Transportation. If 

the Secretary of Transportation determines that the claim is pay-
2175 § 9514 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 

able, any amount paid under this paragraph arising from such 

claim shall be credited against the amount payable under the aviation insurance. If the Secretary of Transportation determines that 

the claim is not payable, any amount paid under this paragraph 

arising from such claim shall constitute a debt to the United 

States, payable to the insurance fund. Any such amounts so returned to the United States shall be promptly credited to the fund 

or account from which the payments were made under this paragraph. 

(b) SOURCE OF FUNDS FOR PAYMENT OF INDEMNITY.—The Secretary of Defense may pay an indemnity described in subsection (a) 

from any funds available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance, and such sums as may be necessary for 

payment of such indemnity are hereby authorized to be transferred 

to the Secretary of Transportation for such purpose. 

(c) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—In the event of a loss that is covered by defense-related aviation insurance in the case of an incident in which the covered loss is (or is expected to be) in an 

amount in excess of $1,000,000, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress notification of the loss as soon after the occurrence 

of the loss as possible and in no event more than 30 days after the 

date of the loss. 

(d) IMPLEMENTING MATTERS.—(1) Payment of indemnification 

under this section is not subject to section 2214 or 2215 of this title 

or any other provision of law requiring notification to Congress before funds may be transferred. 

(2) Consolidation of claims arising from the same incident is 

not required before indemnification of the Secretary of Transportation for payment of a claim may be made under this section. 

(e) CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—Authority to transfer funds under this section is in addition to any 

other authority provided by law to transfer funds (whether enacted 

before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this section) and 

is not subject to any dollar limitation or notification requirement 

contained in any other such authority to transfer funds. 

[(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1031(a)(60)(B), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603.] 

(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) DEFENSE-RELATED AVIATION INSURANCE.—The term ‘‘defense-related aviation insurance’’ means aviation insurance 

and reinsurance provided through policies issued by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 443 of title 49 that pursuant to section 44305(b) of that title is provided by that Secretary without premium at the request of the Secretary of Defense and is covered by an indemnity agreement between the 

Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Defense. 

(2) LOSS.—The term ‘‘loss’’ includes damage to or destruction of property, personal injury or death, and other liabilities 

and expenses covered by the defense-related aviation insurance. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1079(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2667; amended 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(60), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603.) 
§ 9515 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 2176 

§ 9515. Charter air transportation services: minimum annual purchase amount for carriers participating in 

Civil Reserve Air Fleet 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall take steps 

to— 

(1) improve the predictability in Department of Defense 

charter requirements; 

(2) strengthen Civil Reserve Airlift Fleet participation to 

assure adequate capacity is available to meet steady-state, 

surge and mobilization requirements; and 

(3) provide incentives for commercial air passenger carriers to provide newer, more efficient and reliable aircraft for 

Department of Defense service rather than older, fully depreciated aircraft. 

(b) CONSIDERATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.—In carrying out 

subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall consider the recommendations on courses of action for the Civil Reserve Air Fleet 

as outlined in the report required by section 356 of the National 

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110– 

181). 

(c) CONTRACTS FOR CHARTER AIR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.— 

The Secretary of Defense may award to an air carrier or an air carrier contractor team arrangement participating in the Civil Reserve 

Air Fleet on a fiscal year basis a one-year contract for charter air 

transportation services with a minimum purchase amount under 

such contract determined in accordance with this section. 

(d) ELIGIBLE CHARTER AIR TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS.—In 

order to be eligible for payments under the minimum purchase 

amount provided by this section, an air carrier (or any air carrier 

participating in an air carrier contractor team arrangement)— 

(1) if under contract with the Department of Defense in 

the prior fiscal year, shall have an average on-time pick up 

rate, based on factors within such air carrier’s control, of at 

least 90 percent; 

(2) shall offer such amount of commitment to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet in excess of the minimum required for participation in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet as the Secretary of Defense shall specify for purposes of this section; and 

(3) may not have refused a Department of Defense request 

to act as a host for other Civil Reserve Air Fleet carriers at intermediate staging bases during the prior fiscal year. 

(e) AGGREGATE MINIMUM PURCHASE AMOUNT.—(1) The aggregate amount of the minimum purchase amount for all contracts 

awarded under subsection (c) for a fiscal year shall be based on 

forecast needs, but may not exceed the amount equal to 80 percent 

of the average annual expenditure of the Department of Defense 

for charter air transportation services during the five-fiscal year 

period ending in the fiscal year before the fiscal year for which 

such contracts are awarded. 

(2) In calculating the average annual expenditure of the Department of Defense for charter air transportation services for purposes of paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall omit from the 

calculation any fiscal year exhibiting unusually high demand for 
2177 § 9515 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 

charter air transportation services if the Secretary determines that 

the omission of such fiscal year from the calculation will result in 

a more accurate forecast of anticipated charter air transportation 

services for purposes of that paragraph. 

(f) ALLOCATION OF MINIMUM PURCHASE AMONG CHARTER AIR

TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTS.—(1) The aggregate amount of the 

minimum purchase amount for all contracts awarded under subsection (c) for a fiscal year, as determined under subsection (e), 

shall be allocated among all air carriers and air carrier contractor 

team arrangements awarded contracts under subsection (c) for 

such fiscal year in proportion to the commitments of such carriers 

to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet for such fiscal year. 

(2) In determining the minimum purchase amount payable 

under paragraph (1) under a contract under subsection (c) for charter air transportation services provided by an air carrier or air carrier contractor team arrangement during the fiscal year covered by 

such contract, the Secretary of Defense may adjust the amount allocated to such carrier or arrangement under paragraph (1) to take 

into account periods during such fiscal year when charter air transportation services of such carrier or a carrier in such arrangement 

are unavailable for usage by the Department of Defense, including 

during periods of refused business or suspended operations or when 

such carrier is placed in nonuse status pursuant to section 2640 of 

this title for safety reasons. 

(g) DISTRIBUTION OF AMOUNTS.—If any amount available under 

this section for the minimum purchase of charter air transportation 

services from a carrier or air carrier contractor team arrangement 

for a fiscal year under a contract under subsection (c) is not utilized to purchase charter air transportation services from the carrier or arrangement in such fiscal year, such amount shall be provided to the carrier or arrangement before the first day of the following fiscal year. 

(h) COMMITMENT OF FUNDS.—(1) The Secretary of each military department shall transfer to the transportation working capital fund a percentage of the total amount anticipated to be required in such fiscal year for the payment of minimum purchase 

amounts under all contracts awarded under subsection (c) for such 

fiscal year equivalent to the percentage of the anticipated use of 

charter air transportation services by such military department 

during such fiscal year from all carriers under contracts awarded 

under subsection (c) for such fiscal year. 

(2) Any amounts required to be transferred under paragraph 

(1) shall be transferred by the last day of the fiscal year concerned 

to meet the requirements of subsection (g) unless minimum purchase amounts have already been distributed by the Secretary of 

Defense under subsection (g) as of that date. 

(i) AVAILABILITY OF AIRLIFT SERVICES.—(1) From the total 

amount of charter air transportation services available for a fiscal 

year under all contracts awarded under subsection (c) for such fiscal year, a military department shall be entitled to obtain a percentage of such services equal to the percentage of the contribution 

of the military department to the transportation working capital 

fund for such fiscal year under subsection (h). 
§ 9515 CH. 931—CIVIL RESERVE AIR FLEET 2178 

(2) A military department may transfer any entitlement to 

charter air transportation services under paragraph (1) to any 

other military department or to any other agency, element, or component of the Department of Defense. 

(j) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘charter air transportation’’ has the meaning given such term in section 40102(14) of 

title 49, except that it only means such transportation for which 

the Secretary of Defense has entered into a contract for the purpose of passenger travel. 

(k) SUNSET.—The authorities in this section shall expire on December 31, 2015. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, Sec. 1033(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4591; amended 

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(50), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4371.) 
2179 

CHAPTER 933—PROCUREMENT 

Sec. 

[9531. Repealed.] 

9532. Factories, arsenals, and depots: manufacture at. 

[9534, 9535. Repealed.] 

9536. Equipment: bakeries, schools, kitchens, and mess halls. 

[9537, 9538. Repealed.] 

9540. Architectural and engineering services. 

[9541. Repealed.] 

[§ 9531. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

823(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 9532. Factories, arsenals, and depots: manufacture at 

The Secretary of the Air Force may have supplies needed for 

the Department of the Air Force made in factories, arsenals, or depots owned by the United States, so far as those factories, arsenals, 

or depots can make those supplies on an economical basis. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 576.) 

[§§ 9534, 9535. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 823(4), (5), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 9536. Equipment: bakeries, schools, kitchens, and mess 

halls 

Money necessary for the following items for the use of enlisted 

members of the Air Force may be spent from appropriations for 

regular supplies: 

(1) Equipment for air base bakeries. 

(2) Furniture, textbooks, paper, and equipment for air base 

schools. 

(3) Tableware and mess furniture for kitchens and mess 

halls. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 576.) 

[§§ 9537, 9538. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, 

Sec. 823(6), (7), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 

§ 9540. Architectural and engineering services 

(a) Whenever he considers that it is advantageous to the national defense and that existing facilities of the Department of the 

Air Force are inadequate, the Secretary of the Air Force may, by 

contract or otherwise, employ the architectural or engineering services of any person outside that Department for producing and delivering designs, plans, drawings, and specifications needed for any 

public works or utilities project of the Department. 

(b) The fee for any service under this section may not be more 

than 6 percent of the estimated cost, as determined by the Secretary, of the project to which it applies. 
[§ 9541 CH. 933—PROCUREMENT 2180 

(c) Sections 305, 3324, and 7204, chapter 51, and subchapters 

III, IV, and VI of chapter 53 of title 5 do not apply to employment 

under this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 577; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 28, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119; 

Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, Sec. 703(c)(3), title VIII, Sec. 801(a)(3)(I), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217, 

1222; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(15), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2936.) 

[§ 9541. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 

822(d)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1707] 
2181 

CHAPTER 935—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO 

ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

9561. Rations. 

9562. Clothing. 

9563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent contagion. 

9564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on 

shore duty with Air Force. 

9565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition. 

§ 9561. Rations 

(a) The President may prescribe the components, and the 

quantities thereof, of the Air Force ration. He may direct the issue 

of equivalent articles in place of the prescribed components whenever, in his opinion, economy and the health and comfort of the 

members of the Air Force so require. 

(b) An enlisted member of the Air Force on active duty is entitled to one ration daily. The emergency ration, when issued, is in 

addition to the regular ration. 

(c) Fresh or preserved fruits, milk, butter, and eggs necessary 

for the proper diet of the sick in hospitals shall be provided under 

regulations approved by the Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 577.) 

§ 9562. Clothing 

The President may prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing 

to be issued annually to members of the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 577.) 

§ 9563. Clothing: replacement when destroyed to prevent 

contagion 

The Secretary of the Air Force may order a gratuitous issue of 

clothing to any enlisted member of the Air Force who has had a 

contagious disease, and to any hospital attendant who attended 

him while he had that disease, to replace clothing destroyed by 

order of a medical officer to prevent contagion. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 577.) 

§ 9564. Navy and Marine Corps: camp equipment and transportation; when on shore duty with Air Force 

While any detachment of the Navy or Marine Corps is on shore 

duty in cooperation with troops of the Air Force, the Secretary of 

the Air Force shall, upon the requisition of the officer of the Navy 

or Marine Corps in command of the detachment, issue rations and 

camp equipment, and furnish transportation, to that detachment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 578.) 
§ 9565 CH. 935—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 2182 

§ 9565. Colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations: disposition 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may dispose of colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations of the Air Force, as 

follows: 

(1) Those brought into Federal service by the Air National 

Guard of a State may be returned to that State upon the request of its governor. 

(2) Those that cannot be returned under clause (1) may, 

upon the request of its governor, be sent to the State that, as 

determined by the Secretary, furnished the majority of members of the organization when it was formed. 

Those that cannot be returned or sent under clause (1) or (2) of this 

subsection shall be delivered to the Secretary, for such national use 

as he may direct. 

(b) Title to colors, standards, and guidons of demobilized organizations of the Air Force remains in the United States. 

(c) No color, standard, or guidon may be disposed of under this 

section unless provision satisfactory to the Secretary has been 

made for its preservation and care. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 578.) 
2183 

CHAPTER 937—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 

Sec. 

9591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations. 

9592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due connecting commercial 

facilities. 

9593. Quarters: heat and light. 

9594. Air Force Military History Institute: fee for providing historical information to the public. 

§ 9591. Utilities: proceeds from overseas operations 

During actual or threatened hostilities, proceeds from operating a public utility in connection with operations of the Air Force 

in the field overseas are available for that utility until the close of 

the fiscal year following that in which they are received. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 578.) 

§ 9592. Radiograms and telegrams: forwarding charges due 

connecting commercial facilities 

In the operation of telegraph lines, cables, or radio stations, 

members of the Air Force may, in the discretion of the Secretary 

of the Air Force, collect forwarding charges due connecting commercial telegraph or radio companies for sending radiograms or 

telegrams over their lines. Under such regulations as the Secretary 

may prescribe, they may present a voucher to a disbursing official 

for payment of the forwarding charge. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 578; Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(1)(A), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 

1052; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, Sec. 105(e), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3830.) 

§ 9593. Quarters: heat and light 

The heat and light necessary for the authorized quarters of 

members of the Air Force shall be furnished at the expense of the 

United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 578.) 

§ 9594. Air Force Military History Institute: fee for providing historical information to the public 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of the Air Force may charge a person a fee for providing the 

person with information from the United States Air Force Military 

History Institute that is requested by that person. 

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—A fee may not be charged under this section— 

(1) to a person for information that the person requests to 

carry out a duty as a member of the armed forces or an officer 

or employee of the United States; or 

(2) for a release of information under section 552 of title 

5. 
§ 9594 CH. 937—UTILITIES AND SERVICES 2184 

(c) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—A fee charged for providing information under this section may not exceed the cost of providing the 

information. 

(d) RETENTION OF FEES.—Amounts received under subsection 

(a) for providing information in any fiscal year shall be credited to 

the appropriation or appropriations charged the costs of providing 

information to the public from the United States Air Force Military 

History Institute during that fiscal year. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘United States Air Force Military History Institute’’ means the archive for historical records and materials 

of the Air Force that the Secretary of the Air Force designates 

as the primary archive for such records and materials. 

(2) The terms ‘‘officer of the United States’’ and ‘‘employee 

of the United States’’ have the meanings given the terms ‘‘officer’’ and ‘‘employee’’, respectively, in sections 2104 and 2105, 

respectively, of title 5. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1085(c)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–289.) 
2185 

CHAPTER 939—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

Sec. 

9621. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed forces; veterans; executive or military departments and employees; prices. 

9622. Rations: commissioned officers in field. 

[9623. Repealed.] 

9624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Air Force; American National 

Red Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

9625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian employees of Air 

Force; American National Red Cross; educational institutions; homes 

for veterans’ orphans. 

9626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or other state aircraft. 

9627. Supplies: educational institutions. 

9628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying schools. 

9629. Proceeds: disposition. 

§ 9621. Subsistence and other supplies: members of armed 

forces; veterans; executive or military departments 

and employees; prices 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall procure and sell, for 

cash or credit— 

(1) articles designated by him, to members of the Air 

Force; and 

(2) items of individual clothing and equipment, to officers 

of the Air Force, under such restrictions as the Secretary may 

prescribe. 

An account of sales on credit shall be kept and the amount due reported to the Secretary. Except for articles and items acquired 

through the use of working capital funds under section 2208 of this 

title, sales of articles shall be at cost, and sales of individual clothing and equipment shall be at average current prices, including 

overhead, as determined by the Secretary. 

(b) The Secretary shall sell subsistence supplies to members of 

other armed forces at the prices at which like property is sold to 

members of the Air Force. 

(c) The Secretary may sell serviceable quartermaster property, 

other than subsistence supplies, to an officer of another armed 

force for his use in the service, in the same manner as these articles are sold to an officer of the Air Force. 

(d) A person who has been discharged honorably or under honorable conditions from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps 

and who is receiving care and medical treatment from the Public 

Health Service or the Department of Veterans Affairs may buy subsistence supplies and other supplies, except articles of uniform, at 

the prices at which like property is sold to a member of the Air 

Force. 

(e) Under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, exterior articles of uniform may be sold to a person who has been discharged from the Air Force honorably or under honorable conditions, at the prices at which like articles are sold to members of 
§ 9622 CH. 939—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 2186 

the Air Force. This subsection does not modify section 772 or 773 

of this title. 

(f) Whenever, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary, subsistence supplies are furnished to any organization of 

the Air Force or sold to employees of any executive department 

other than the Department of Defense, payment shall be made in 

cash or by commercial credit. 

(g) The Secretary may, by regulation, provide for the procurement and sale of stores designated by him to such civilian officers 

and employees of the United States, and such other persons, as he 

considers proper— 

(1) at military installations outside the United States; and 

(2) at military installations inside the United States where 

he determines that it is impracticable for those civilian officers, 

employees, and persons to obtain those stores from private 

agencies without impairing the efficient operation of military 

activities. 

However, sales to those officers and employees inside the United 

States may be made only to those residing within military installations. 

(h) Appropriations for subsistence of the Air Force may be applied to the purchase of subsistence supplies for sale to members 

of the Air Force on active duty for the use of themselves and their 

families. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 579; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 118, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 

513; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(16), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 

11(a)(11), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title III, Sec. 313(c), Dec. 4, 1987, 

101 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title III, Sec. 375(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 283.) 

§ 9622. Rations: commissioned officers in field 

Commissioned officers of the Air Force serving in the field may 

buy rations for their own use, on credit. Amounts due for these 

purchases shall be reported monthly to the Secretary of the Air 

Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 580.) 

[§ 9623. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title III, Sec. 

366(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 1987] 

§ 9624. Medical supplies: civilian employees of the Air Force; 

American National Red Cross; Armed Forces Retirement Home 

(a) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Air Force, a civilian employee of the Department of the Air Force 

who is stationed at an air base may buy necessary medical supplies 

from the Air Force when they are prescribed by a medical officer 

on active duty. 

(b) The Secretary may sell medical supplies to the American 

National Red Cross for cash. 

(c) The Secretary may sell medical and hospital supplies to the 

Armed Forces Retirement Home. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 580; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(17)(A), 

(B), 94 Stat. 2936; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1533(a)(8)(A), (B), 104 

Stat. 1735.) 
2187 § 9626 CH. 939—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

§ 9625. Ordnance property: officers of armed forces; civilian 

employees of Air Force; American National Red 

Cross; educational institutions; homes for veterans’ 

orphans 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may sell articles of ordnance 

property to officers of other armed forces for their use in the service, in the same manner as these articles are sold to officers of the 

Air Force. 

(b) Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, 

ordnance stores may be sold to civilian employees of the Air Force 

and to the American National Red Cross. 

(c) Articles of ordnance property may be sold to educational institutions and to State soldiers’ and sailors’ orphans’ homes for 

maintaining the ordnance and ordnance stores issued to those institutions and homes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 580.) 

§ 9626. Aircraft supplies and services: foreign military or 

other state aircraft 

(a) PROVISION OF SUPPLIES AND SERVICES ON REIMBURSABLE

BASIS.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe and when in the best interests 

of the United States, provide any of the supplies or services described in paragraph (2) to military and other state aircraft of a 

foreign country, on a reimbursable basis without an advance of 

funds, if similar supplies and services are furnished on a like basis 

to military aircraft and other state aircraft of the United States by 

the foreign country concerned. 

(2) The supplies and services described in this paragraph are 

supplies and services as follows: 

(A) Routine airport services, including landing and takeoff 

assistance, servicing aircraft with fuel, use of runways, parking 

and servicing, and loading and unloading of baggage and cargo. 

(B) Miscellaneous supplies, including Air Force-owned fuel, 

provisions, spare parts, and general stores, but not including 

ammunition. 

(b) PROVISION OF ROUTINE AIRPORT SERVICES ON NON-REIMBURSABLE BASIS.—(1) Routine airport services may be provided 

under this section at no cost to a foreign country— 

(A) if such services are provided by Air Force personnel 

and equipment without direct cost to the Air Force; or 

(B) if such services are provided under an agreement with 

the foreign country that provides for the reciprocal furnishing 

by the foreign country of routine airport services, as defined in 

that agreement, to military and other state aircraft of the 

United States without reimbursement. 

(2) If routine airport services are provided under this section 

by a working-capital fund activity of the Air Force under section 

2208 of this title and such activity is not reimbursed directly for 

the costs incurred by the activity in providing such services by reason of paragraph (1)(B), the working-capital fund activity shall be 

reimbursed for such costs out of funds currently available to the 

Air Force for operation and maintenance. 
§ 9627 CH. 939—SALE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 2188 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 581; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(a)(1), Jan. 

28, 2008, 122 Stat. 305.) 

§ 9627. Supplies: educational institutions 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Air Force may 

prescribe, supplies and military publications procured for the Air 

Force may be sold to any educational institution to which an officer 

of the Air Force is detailed as professor of air science and tactics, 

for the use of its military students. Sales under this section shall 

be for cash. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 581.) 

§ 9628. Airplane parts and accessories: civilian flying 

schools 

The Secretary of the Air Force may sell, to civilian flying 

schools at which personnel of the Department of the Air Force or 

the Department of the Army are receiving flight training under 

contracts requiring these schools to maintain and repair airplanes 

of the Air Force furnished to them for flight training, the spare 

parts and accessories needed for those repairs. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 581.) 

§ 9629. Proceeds: disposition 

The proceeds of sales of the following shall be paid into the 

Treasury to the credit of the appropriation out of which they were 

purchased, and are available for the purposes of that appropriation: 

(1) Exterior articles of uniform sold under section 9621 of 

this title. 

(2) Supplies, war material, and military publications sold 

to educational institutions under section 9627 of this title. 

(3) Fuel, oil, other supplies, and services sold under section 

9626 of this title. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 581; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Sec. 1031(b), Jan. 28, 

2008, 122 Stat. 306.) 
2189 

CHAPTER 941—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 

OTHER THAN TO ARMED FORCES 

Sec. 

9651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining 

units of A.F.R.O.T.C. 

9652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having 

corps of cadets. 

9653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia high schools. 

9654. Supplies: military instruction camps. 

9655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of United States. 

9656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools. 

§ 9651. Arms, tentage, and equipment: educational institutions not maintaining units of A.F.R.O.T.C. 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Air Force may issue arms, tentage, and equipment that he considers necessary for proper military training, to any educational institution at which no unit of the Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps is maintained, but which has a course in military training prescribed by the Secretary and which has at least 100 physically fit students over 14 years of age. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 581; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(d)(3), Nov. 8, 1985, 

99 Stat. 736.) 

§ 9652. Rifles and ammunition for target practice: educational institutions having corps of cadets 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may lend, without expense 

to the United States, magazine rifles and appendages that are not 

of the existing service models in use at the time, and that are not 

necessary for a proper reserve supply, to any educational institution having a uniformed corps of cadets of sufficient number for 

target practice. He may also issue 40 rounds of ball cartridges for 

each cadet for each range at which target practice is held, but not 

more than 120 rounds each year for each cadet participating in target practice. 

(b) The institutions to which property is lent under subsection 

(a) shall use it for target practice, take proper care of it, and return 

it when required. 

(c) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this 

section, containing such other requirements as he considers necessary to safeguard the interests of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 582.) 

§ 9653. Ordnance and ordnance stores: District of Columbia 

high schools 

The Secretary of the Air Force, under regulations to be prescribed by him, may issue to the high schools of the District of Columbia ordnance and ordnance stores required for military instruction and practice. The Secretary shall require a bond in double the 
§ 9654 CH. 941—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL 2190 

value of the property issued under this section, for the care and 

safekeeping of that property and, except for property properly expended, for its return when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 582.) 

§ 9654. Supplies: military instruction camps 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Air Force may issue, to any educational institution at which an 

Air Force officer is detailed as professor of air science and tactics, 

such supplies as are necessary to establish and maintain a camp 

for the military instruction of its students. The Secretary shall require a bond in the value of the property issued under this section, 

for the care and safekeeping of that property and, except for property properly expended, for its return when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 582.) 

§ 9655. Arms and ammunition: agencies and departments of 

United States 

(a) Whenever required for the protection of public money and 

property, the Secretary of the Air Force may lend arms and their 

accouterments, and issue ammunition, to a department or independent agency of the United States, upon request of its head. 

Property lent or issued under this subsection may be delivered to 

an officer of the department or agency designated by the head 

thereof, and that officer shall account for the property to the Secretary of the Air Force. Property lent or issued under this subsection and not properly expended shall be returned when it is no 

longer needed. 

(b) The department or agency to which property is lent or 

issued under subsection (a) shall transfer funds to the credit of the 

Department of the Air Force to cover the costs of— 

(1) ammunition issued; 

(2) replacing arms and accouterments that have been lost 

or destroyed or cannot be repaired; 

(3) repairing arms and accouterments returned to the Department of the Air Force; and 

(4) making and receiving shipments by the Department of 

the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 582.) 

§ 9656. Aircraft and equipment: civilian aviation schools 

The Secretary of the Air Force, under regulations to be prescribed by him, may lend aircraft, aircraft parts, and aeronautical 

equipment and accessories that are required for instruction, training, and maintenance, to accredited civilian aviation schools at 

which personnel of the Department of the Air Force or the Department of the Army are pursuing a course of instruction and training 

under detail by competent orders. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 583; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(53), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1301.) 
2191 

CHAPTER 943—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE OR SURPLUS 

MATERIAL 

Sec. 

9681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments. 

9682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council of Boy Scouts of 

America. 

9684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations. 

9685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions and State soldiers’ and 

sailors’ orphans’ homes. 

9686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers and sailors. 

§ 9681. Surplus war material: sale to States and foreign governments 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Air Force may sell surplus war material and supplies, 

except food, of the Department of the Air Force, for which there is 

no adequate domestic market, to any State or to any foreign government with which the United States was at peace on June 5, 

1920. Sales under this section shall be made upon terms that the 

Secretary considers expedient. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 583; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(36), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 

§ 9682. Obsolete or excess material: sale to National Council 

of Boy Scouts of America 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Air Force, under such conditions as he may prescribe, 

may sell obsolete or excess material to the National Council of the 

Boy Scouts of America. Sales under this section shall be at fair 

value to the Department of the Air Force, including packing, handling, and transportation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 583; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(37), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 

§ 9684. Surplus obsolete ordnance: sale to patriotic organizations 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Air Force may sell, without advertisement and at 

prices that he considers reasonable— 

(1) surplus obsolete small arms and ammunition and 

equipment for them, to any patriotic organization for military 

purposes; and 

(2) surplus obsolete brass or bronze cannons, carriages, 

and cannon balls, for public parks, public buildings, and soldiers’ monuments. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 583; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(38), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 
§ 9685 CH. 943—DISPOSAL OF OBSOLETE / SURPLUS MATERIAL 2192 

§ 9685. Obsolete ordnance: loan to educational institutions 

and State soldiers’ and sailors’ orphans’ homes 

(a) Upon the recommendation of the Governor of the State concerned or Guam or the Virgin Islands, the Secretary of the Air 

Force, under regulations to be prescribed by him and without cost 

to the United States for transportation, may lend obsolete ordnance 

and ordnance stores to State, Guam, and the Virgin Islands educational institutions and to State soldiers’ and sailors’ orphans’ 

homes, for drill and instruction. However, no loan may be made 

under this subsection to an institution to which ordnance or ordnance stores may be issued under any law that was in effect on 

June 30, 1906, and is still in effect. 

(b) The Secretary shall require a bond from each institution or 

home to which property is lent under subsection (a), in double the 

value of the property lent, for the care and safekeeping of that 

property and, except for property properly expended, for its return 

when required. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 584; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(10), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 9686. Obsolete ordnance: gift to State homes for soldiers 

and sailors 

Subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, the Secretary of the Air Force may give not more than two obsolete bronze 

or iron cannons suitable for firing salutes to any home for soldiers 

or sailors established and maintained under State authority. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 584; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(18), Dec. 12, 1980, 

94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(39), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 
2193 

CHAPTER 945—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS OF DECEASED 

PERSONS 

Sec. 

[9711. Repealed.] 

9712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial. 

[9713. Repealed.] 

[§ 9711. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VII, Sec. 

721(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 694] 

§ 9712. Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial 

(a) Upon the death of— 

(1) a person subject to military law at a place or command 

under the jurisdiction of the Air Force; or 

(2) a resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home who 

dies in an Air Force hospital outside the District of Columbia 

when sent from the Home to that hospital for treatment; 

the commanding officer of the place or command shall permit the 

legal representative or the surviving spouse of the deceased, if 

present, to take possession of the effects of the deceased that are 

then at the air base or in quarters. 

(b) If there is no legal representative or surviving spouse 

present, the commanding officer shall direct a summary court-martial to collect the effects of the deceased that are then at the air 

base or in quarters. 

(c) The summary court-martial may collect debts due the decedent’s estate by local debtors, pay undisputed local creditors of the 

deceased to the extent permitted by money of the deceased in the 

court’s possession, and shall take receipts for those payments, to be 

filed with the court’s final report to the Department of the Air 

Force. 

(d) As soon as practicable after the collection of the effects and 

money of the deceased, the summary court-martial shall send them 

at the expense of the United States to the living person highest on 

the following list who can be found by the court: 

(1) The surviving spouse or legal representative. 

(2) A child of the deceased. 

(3) A parent of the deceased. 

(4) A brother or sister of the deceased. 

(5) The next-of-kin of the deceased. 

(6) A beneficiary named in the will of the deceased. 

(e) If the summary court-martial cannot dispose of the effects 

under subsection (d) because there are no persons in those categories or because the court finds that the addresses of the persons 

are not known or readily ascertainable, the court may convert the 

effects of the deceased, except sabers, insignia, decorations, medals, 

watches, trinkets, manuscripts, and other articles valuable chiefly 
[§ 9713 CH. 945—DISPOSITION OF EFFECTS 2194 

as keepsakes, into cash, by public or private sale, but not until 30 

days after the date of death of the deceased. 

(f) As soon as practicable after the effects have been converted 

into cash under subsection (e), the summary court-martial shall deposit all cash in the court’s possession and belonging to the estate 

with the officer designated in regulations, and shall send a receipt 

therefor, together with any will or other papers of value, an inventory of the effects and articles not permitted to be sold, to the executive part of the Department of the Air Force. The Secretary of the 

Air Force shall deliver to the Armed Forces Retirement Home all 

items received by the executive part of the Department of the Air 

Force under this subsection. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 585; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 48, 80 Stat. 1121; 

Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 514(19), 94 Stat. 2936; Nov. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99– 

145, title XIII, Sec. 1301(d)(4)(A), 99 Stat. 736; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, 

Sec. 1533(a)(9), 104 Stat. 1735; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, Sec. 202(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 

3842.) 

[§ 9713. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1533(a)(10)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1735] 
2195 

CHAPTER 947—TRANSPORTATION 

Sec. 

[9741 to 9748. Repealed.] 

[§ 9741. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1072(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2058] 

[§ 9742. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title IX, Sec. 

906(c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2620] 

[§ 9743. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1072(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2058] 

[§ 9746. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1072(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2058] 

[§ 9748. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 129(1), Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 514] 
2196 

CHAPTER 949—REAL PROPERTY 

Sec. 

9771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, training, supply base, or 

aviation field. 

[9772. Repealed.] 

9773. Acquisition and construction: air bases and depots. 

[9774, 9775. Repealed.] 

9776. Emergency construction: fortifications. 

9777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving 

livestock. 

9778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of buildings; Young Men’s 

Christian Association. 

9779. Use of public property. 

9780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia. 

9781. Disposition of real property at missile sites. 

9782. Maintenance and repair of real property. 

9783. Johnston Atoll: reimbursement for support provided to civil air carriers. 

§ 9771. Acceptance of donations: land for mobilization, 

training, supply base, or aviation field 

The Secretary of the Air Force may accept for the United 

States a gift of— 

(1) land that he considers suitable and desirable for a permanent mobilization, training, or supply base; and 

(2) land that he considers suitable and desirable for an 

aviation field, if the gift is from a citizen of the United States 

and its terms authorize the use of the property by the United 

States for any purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 588.) 

[§ 9772. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, Sec. 704(a), Oct 

21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2792] 

§ 9773. Acquisition and construction: air bases and depots 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force shall determine the sites of 

such additional permanent air bases and depots in all strategic 

areas of the United States and the Commonwealths, possessions, 

and holdings as he considers necessary. He shall determine when 

the enlargement of existing air bases and depots is necessary for 

the effective peacetime training of the Air Force. 

(b) In determining the sites of new air bases and depots, the 

Secretary shall consider the following regions for the purposes indicated— 

(1) the Atlantic northeast, for training in cold weather and 

in fog; 

(2) the Atlantic southeast and Caribbean areas, for training in long-range operations, especially those incident to reinforcing the defenses of the Panama Canal; 

(3) the southeastern United States, to provide a depot necessary to maintain the Air Force; 
2197 § 9773 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 

(4) the Pacific northwest, to establish and maintain air 

communication with Alaska; 

(5) Alaska, for training under conditions of extreme cold; 

(6) the Rocky Mountain area, to provide a depot necessary 

to maintain the Air Force, and for training in operations from 

fields in high altitudes; and 

(7) other regions, for the establishment of intermediate air 

bases to provide for transcontinental movements of the Air 

Force for maneuvers. 

(c) In selecting sites for air bases and depots covered by this 

section and in determining the alteration or enlargement of existing air bases or depots, the Secretary shall consider the need— 

(1) to form the nucleus for concentration of Air Force units 

in time of war; 

(2) to permit, in time of peace, training and effective planning in each strategic area for the use and expansion of commercial, municipal, and private flying installations in time of 

war; 

(3) to locate, in each strategic area in which it is considered necessary, adequate storage facilities for munitions and 

other articles necessary to facilitate the movement, concentration, maintenance, and operation of the Air Force; and 

(4) to afford the maximum warning against surprise attack 

by enemy aircraft upon aviation of the United States and its 

necessary installations consistent with maintaining, in connection with existing or contemplated landing fields, the full 

power of the Air Force for operations necessary in the defense 

of the United States, and in the defense and reinforcement of 

the Commonwealths, possessions, and holdings. 

(d) In carrying out this section, the Secretary, on behalf of the 

United States, may acquire title, in fee simple and free of encumbrance, to any land that he considers necessary— 

(1) by accepting title without cost to the United States; 

(2) by exchanging military reservations or parts thereof for 

that land, upon the written approval of the President; or 

(3) by purchase or condemnation, if acquisition by gift or 

exchange is impracticable. 

(e) The Secretary may, by purchase, gift, lease, or otherwise, 

acquire at desired locations bombing and machine gun ranges necessary for practice by, and the training of, tactical units. 

(f) At each air base or depot established under this section, the 

Secretary shall remove or remodel existing structures as necessary; 

do necessary grading; and provide buildings, utilities, communication systems, landing fields and mats, roads, walks, aprons, docks, 

runways, facilities for the storage and distribution of ammunition, 

fuel, oil, necessary protection against bombs, and all appurtenances 

to the foregoing. 

(g) The Secretary may direct the transportation of personnel, 

and the purchase, renovation, and transportation of material, that 

he considers necessary to carry out this section. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 588; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(3), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 
[§ 9774 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 2198 

[§ 9774. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 7(1), July 12, 1982, 96 

Stat. 173] 

[§ 9775. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–145, title V, Sec. 509(b), Oct. 27, 

1971, 85 Stat. 408] 

§ 9776. Emergency construction: fortifications 

If in an emergency the President considers it urgent, a temporary air base or fortification may be built on private land if the 

owner consents in writing. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 591; Pub. L. 91–393, Sec. 5, Sept. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 835.) 

§ 9777. Permits: military reservations; landing ferries, erecting bridges, driving livestock 

Whenever the Secretary of the Air Force considers that it can 

be done without injury to the reservation or inconvenience to the 

military forces stationed there, he may permit— 

(1) the landing of ferries at a military reservation; 

(2) the erection of bridges on a military reservation; and 

(3) the driving of livestock across a military reservation. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 591.) 

§ 9778. Licenses: military reservations; erection and use of 

buildings; Young Men’s Christian Association 

Under such conditions as he may prescribe, the Secretary of 

the Air Force may issue a revocable license to the International 

Committee of Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America to erect and maintain, on military reservations within the 

United States and the Commonwealths and possessions, buildings 

needed by that organization for the promotion of the social, physical, intellectual, and moral welfare of the members of the Air 

Force on those reservations. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 591; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(6), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.) 

§ 9779. Use of public property 

(a) When the economy of the Air Force so requires, the Secretary of the Air Force shall establish military headquarters in 

places where suitable buildings are owned by the United States. 

(b) No money appropriated for the support of the Air Force 

may be spent for base gardens or Air Force exchanges. However, 

this does not prevent Air Force exchanges from using public buildings or public transportation that, in the opinion of the Secretary, 

are not needed for other purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 591; Pub. L. 99–661, div. B, title VII, Sec. 2721, Nov. 14, 

1986, 100 Stat. 4042.) 

§ 9780. Acquisition of buildings in District of Columbia 

(a) In time of war or when war is imminent, the Secretary of 

the Air Force may acquire by lease any building, or part of a building, in the District of Columbia that may be needed for military 

purposes. 

(b) At any time, the Secretary may, for the purposes of the Department of the Air Force, requisition the use and take possession 
2199 § 9781 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 

of any building or space in any building, and its appurtenances, in 

the District of Columbia, other than— 

(1) a dwelling house occupied as such; 

(2) a building occupied by any other agency of the United 

States; or 

(3) space in such a dwelling house or building. 

The Secretary shall determine, and pay out of funds appropriated 

for the payment of rent by the Department of the Air Force, just 

compensation for that use. If the amount of the compensation is 

not satisfactory to the person entitled to it, the Secretary shall pay 

75 percent of it to that person, and the claimant is entitled to recover by action against the United States an additional amount 

that, when added to the amount paid by the Secretary, is determined by the court to be just compensation for that use. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(203)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1542.) 

§ 9781. Disposition of real property at missile sites 

(a)(1) The Administrator of General Services shall dispose of 

the interest of the United States in any tract of real property described in paragraph (2) or in any easement held in connection 

with any such tract of real property only as provided in this section. 

(2) The real property referred to in paragraph (1) is any tract 

of land (including improvements thereon) owned by the Air Force 

that— 

(A) is not required for the needs of the Air Force and the 

discharge of the responsibilities of the Air Force, as determined 

by the Secretary of the Air Force; 

(B) does not exceed 25 acres; 

(C) was used by the Air Force as a site for one or more 

missile launch facilities, missile launch control buildings, or 

other facilities to support missile launch operations; and 

(D) is surrounded by lands that are adjacent to such tract 

and that— 

(i) are owned in fee simple by one owner, either individually or by more than one person jointly, in common, or 

by the entirety; or 

(ii) are owned separately by two or more owners. 

(b)(1)(A) Whenever the interest of the United States in a tract 

of real property or easement referred to in subsection (a) is available for disposition under this section, the Administrator shall 

transmit a notice of the availability of the real property or easement to each person described in subsection (a)(2)(D)(i) who owns 

lands adjacent to that real property or easement. 

(B) The Administrator shall convey, for fair market value, the 

interest of the United States in a tract of land referred to in subsection (a), or in any easement in connection with such a tract of 

land, to any person or persons described in subsection (a)(2)(D)(i) 

who, with respect to such land, are ready, willing, and able to purchase such interest for the fair market value of such interest. 

(2)(A) In the case of a tract of real property referred to in subsection (a) that is surrounded by adjacent lands that are owned 

separately by two or more owners, the Administrator shall dispose 

of that tract of real property in accordance with this paragraph. In 
§ 9782 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 2200 

disposing of the real property, the Administrator shall satisfy the 

requirements specified in paragraph (1) regarding notice to owners, 

sale at fair market value, and the determination of the qualifications of the purchaser. 

(B) The Administrator shall dispose of such a tract of real 

property through a sealed bid competitive sale. The Administrator 

shall afford an opportunity to compete to acquire the interest of the 

United States in the real property to all of the persons described 

in subsection (a)(2)(D)(ii) who own lands adjacent to that real property. The Administrator shall restrict to these persons the opportunity to compete in the sealed bid competitive sale. 

(C) Subject to subparagraph (D), the Administrator shall convey the interest of the United States in the tract of real property 

to the highest bidder. 

(D) If all of the bids received by the Administrator in the 

sealed bid competitive sale of the tract of real property are less 

than the fair market value of the real property, the Administrator 

shall dispose of the real property in accordance with the provisions 

of chapter 5 of title 40. 

(c) The Administrator shall determine the fair market value of 

the interest of the United States to be conveyed under this section. 

(d) The requirement to determine whether any tract of land described in subsection (a)(2) is excess property or surplus property 

under chapter 5 of title 40 before disposing of such tract shall not 

be applicable to the disposition of such tract under this section. 

(e) The disposition of a tract of land under this section to any 

person shall be subject to (1) any easement retained by the Secretary of the Air Force with respect to such tract, and (2) such additional terms and conditions as the Administrator considers necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of the United States. 

(f) The exact acreage and legal description of any tract of land 

to be conveyed under this section shall be determined in any manner that is satisfactory to the Administrator. The cost of any survey 

conducted for the purpose of this subsection in the case of any tract 

of land shall be borne by the person or persons to whom the conveyance of such tract of land is made. 

(g) If any real property interest of the United States described 

in subsection (a) is not purchased under the procedures provided 

in subsections (a) through (f), such tract may be disposed of only 

in accordance with subtitle I of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 

41. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. B, subdiv. 3, title II, Sec. 2325(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1220; 

amended Pub. L. 103–160, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2851, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1906; Pub. 

L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(40), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298; Pub. L. 108–178, Sec. 4(b)(7), Dec. 15, 

2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 111–350, Sec. 5(b)(55), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3847.) 

§ 9782. Maintenance and repair of real property 

(a) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—The Secretary of the Air Force 

shall allocate funds authorized to be appropriated by a provision 

described in subsection (c) and a provision described in subsection 

(d) for maintenance and repair of real property at military installations of the Department of the Air Force without regard to whether 

the installation is supported with funds authorized by a provision 

described in subsection (c) or (d). 
2201 § 9783 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 

(b) MIXING OF FUNDS PROHIBITED ON INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS.— The Secretary of the Air Force may not combine funds authorized 

to be appropriated by a provision described in subsection (c) and 

funds authorized to be appropriated by a provision described in 

subsection (d) for an individual project for maintenance and repair 

of real property at a military installation of the Department of the 

Air Force. 

(c) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION FUNDS.— The provision described in this subsection is a provision of a national defense authorization Act that authorizes funds to be appropriated for a fiscal year to the Air Force for research, development, 

test, and evaluation. 

(d) OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FUNDS.—The provision described in this subsection is a provision of a national defense authorization Act that authorizes funds to be appropriated for a fiscal 

year to the Air Force for operation and maintenance. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title II, Sec. 242(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1666.) 

§ 9783. Johnston Atoll: reimbursement for support provided 

to civil air carriers 

(a) AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY.—The Secretary of the Air 

Force may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, require 

payment by a civil air carrier for support provided by the United 

States to the carrier at Johnston Atoll that is either— 

(1) requested by the civil air carrier; or 

(2) determined under the regulations as being necessary to 

accommodate the civil air carrier’s use of Johnston Atoll. 

(b) AMOUNT OF CHARGES.—Any amount charged an air carrier 

under subsection (a) for support shall be equal to the total amount 

of the actual costs to the United States of providing the support. 

The amount charged may not include any amount for an item of 

support that does not satisfy a condition described in paragraph (1) 

or (2) of subsection (a). 

(c) RELATIONSHIP TO LANDING FEES.—No landing fee shall be 

charged an air carrier for a landing of an aircraft of the air carrier 

at Johnston Atoll if the air carrier is charged under subsection (a) 

for support provided to the air carrier. 

(d) DISPOSITION OF PAYMENTS.—(1) Amounts collected from an 

air carrier under this section shall be credited to appropriations 

available for the fiscal year in which collected, as follows: 

(A) For support provided by the Air Force, to appropriations available for the Air Force for operation and maintenance. 

(B) For support provided by the Army, to appropriations 

available for the Army for chemical demilitarization. 

(2) Amounts credited to an appropriation under paragraph (1) 

shall be merged with funds in that appropriation and shall be 

available, without further appropriation, for the purposes and period for which the appropriation is available. 

(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘civil air carrier’’ means an air carrier (as defined in section 40102(a)(2) of title 49) that is issued a certificate of public convenience and necessity under section 41102 of 

such title. 
§ 9783 CH. 949—REAL PROPERTY 2202 

(2) The term ‘‘support’’ includes fuel, fire rescue, use of facilities, improvements necessary to accommodate use by civil 

air carriers, police, safety, housing, food, air traffic control, suspension of military operations on the island including operations at the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Demilitarization 

System), repairs, and any other construction, services, or supplies. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title III, Sec. 383(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–86; amended Pub. L. 107–107, title X, Sec. 1048(a)(30), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225.) 
2203 

CHAPTER 951—MILITARY CLAIMS 

Sec. 

9801. Definition. 

9802. Admiralty claims against the United States. 

9803. Admiralty claims by United States. 

9804. Salvage claims by United States. 

[9805. Repealed.] 

9806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive. 

§ 9801. Definition 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘settle’’ means consider, ascertain, 

adjust, determine, and dispose of a claim, whether by full or partial 

allowance or by disallowance. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 591; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1231(19)(B), Dec. 

4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161.) 

§ 9802. Admiralty claims against the United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may settle or compromise an 

admiralty claim against the United States for— 

(1) damage caused by a vessel of, or in the service of, the 

Department of the Air Force or by other property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Air Force; 

(2) compensation for towage and salvage service, including 

contract salvage, rendered to a vessel of, or in the service of, 

the Department of the Air Force or to other property under the 

jurisdiction of the Department of the Air Force; or 

(3) damage caused by a maritime tort committed by any 

agent or employee of the Department of the Air Force or by 

property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Air 

Force. 

(b) If a claim under subsection (a) is settled or compromised for $500,000 or less, the Secretary of the Air Force may pay it. If it 

is settled or compromised for more than $500,000, he shall certify 

it to Congress. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be paid is not more than $100,000, the Secretary of the Air Force may delegate his authority 

under subsection (a) to any person in the Department of the Air 

Force designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 592; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 92– 

417, Sec. 1(6), Aug. 29, 1972, 86 Stat. 655; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608.) 

§ 9803. Admiralty claims by United States 

(a) Under the direction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force may settle, or compromise, and receive payment of a claim by the United States for damage to property under 

the jurisdiction of the Department of the Air Force or property for 

which the Department has assumed an obligation to respond for 

damage, if— 
§ 9804 CH. 951—MILITARY CLAIMS 2204 

(1) the claim is— 

(A) of a kind that is within the admiralty jurisdiction 

of a district court of the United States; or 

(B) for damage caused by a vessel or floating object; 

and 

(2) the amount to be received by the United States is not 

more than $500,000. 

(b) In exchange for payment of an amount found to be due the 

United States under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Air Force 

may execute a release of the claim on behalf of the United States. 

Amounts received under this section shall be covered into the 

Treasury. 

(c) In any case where the amount to be received by the United 

States is not more than $100,000, the Secretary of the Air Force 

may delegate his authority under subsections (a) and (b) to any 

person in the Department of the Air Force designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 592; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 101– 

189, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608.) 

§ 9804. Salvage claims by United States 

(a) The Secretary of the Air Force may settle, or compromise, 

and receive payment of a claim by the United States for salvage 

services performed by the Department of the Air Force. Amounts 

received under this section shall be covered into the Treasury. 

(b) In any case where the amount to be received by the United 

States is not more than $10,000, the Secretary of the Air Force 

may delegate his authority under subsection (a) to any person designated by him. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 592; Aug. 29, 1972, Pub. L. 92–417, Sec. 1(8), 86 Stat. 655.) 

[§ 9805. Repealed. Pub. L. 86–533, Sec. 1(7)(A), June 29, 1960, 

74 Stat. 246] 

§ 9806. Settlement or compromise: final and conclusive 

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon acceptance 

of payment the settlement or compromise of a claim under section 

9802 or 9803 of this title is final and conclusive. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 593.) 
2205 

CHAPTER 953—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 

Sec. 

9831. Custody of departmental records and property. 

[9832, 9833, 9835, 9836. Repealed.] 

9837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of indebtedness of members. 

9838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of squadron commander. 

9839. Settlement of accounts: oaths. 

9840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts. 

9841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors. 

9842. Settlement of accounts of line officers. 

§ 9831. Custody of departmental records and property 

The Secretary of the Air Force has custody and charge of all 

books, records, papers, furniture, fixtures, and other property 

under the lawful control of the executive part of the Department 

of the Air Force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 593.) 

[§ 9832. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 

375(c)(1)(C), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 84] 

[§ 9833. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–480, Sec. 1(4), June 8, 1962, 76 

Stat. 94] 

[§ 9835. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1006(c)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2633] 

[§ 9836. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 

375(c)(1)(D), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 84] 

§ 9837. Settlement of accounts: remission or cancellation of 

indebtedness of members 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army may have remitted or cancelled any part of the indebtedness of a person to the 

United States or any instrumentality of the United States incurred 

while the person was serving on active duty as a member of the 

Air Force, but only if the Secretary considers such action to be in 

the best interest of the United States. 

(b) RETROACTIVE APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN DEBTS.—The authority in subsection (a) may be exercised with respect to any debt 

covered by that subsection that is incurred on or after October 7, 

2001. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—This section shall be administered under 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 594; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(45), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 

1567; Pub. L. 87–649, Sec. 14c(58), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

514(22)(A), (B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2936; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 683(c)(1), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3323; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VI, Sec. 673(c)(1), (2), (e)(3), Oct. 

17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2271, 2272; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Sec. 1063(c)(7)(C), Jan. 28, 2008, 

122 Stat. 323.) 
§ 9838 CH. 953—ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 2206 

§ 9838. Settlement of accounts: affidavit of squadron commander 

In the settlement of the accounts of the commanding officer of 

a squadron for clothing and other military supplies, his affidavit 

may be received to show— 

(1) that vouchers or squadron books were lost; 

(2) anything tending to prove that any apparent deficiency 

of those articles was caused by unavoidable accident, or by loss 

in actual service without his fault; or 

(3) that all or part of the clothing and supplies was properly used. 

The affidavit may be used as evidence of the facts set forth, with 

or without other evidence, as determined by the Secretary of the 

Air Force to be just and proper under the circumstances. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 595.) 

§ 9839. Settlement of accounts: oaths 

The Secretary of the Air Force may detail any employee of the 

Department of the Air Force to administer oaths required by law 

in the settlement of an officer’s accounts for clothing and other 

military supplies. An oath administered under this section shall be 

without expense to the person to whom it is administered. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 595.) 

§ 9840. Final settlement of officer’s accounts 

Before final payment upon discharge may be made to an officer 

of the Air Force who has been accountable or responsible for public 

property, he must obtain a certificate of nonindebtedness to the 

United States from each officer to whom he was accountable or responsible for property. He must also make an affidavit, certified by 

his commanding officer to be correct, that he is not accountable or 

responsible for property to any other officer. An officer who has not 

been responsible for public property must make an affidavit of that 

fact, certified by his commanding officer. Compliance with this section warrants the final payment of the officer concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 595.) 

§ 9841. Payment of small amounts to public creditors 

When authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, a disbursing official of Air Force subsistence funds may keep a limited 

amount of those funds in the personal possession and at the risk 

of the disbursing official to pay small amounts to public creditors. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(14)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1058.) 

§ 9842. Settlement of accounts of line officers 

The Comptroller General shall settle the account of a line officer of the Air Force for pay due the officer even if the officer cannot 

account for property entrusted to the officer or cannot make a 

monthly report or return, when the Comptroller General is satisfied that the inability to account for property or make a report or 

return was the result of the officer having been a prisoner, or of 

an accident or casualty of war. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, Sec. 2(b)(14)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1058.) 
2207 

Subtitle E—Reserve Components 

PART I—ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 

Chap. Sec. 

1001. Definitions ....................................................................... 10001 

1003. Reserve Components Generally ..................................... 10101 

1005. Elements of Reserve Components ................................. 10141 

1006. Reserve Component Commands .................................... 10171 

1007. Administration of Reserve Components ........................ 10201 

1009. Reserve Forces Policy Boards and Committees ............ 10301 

1011. National Guard Bureau .................................................. 10501 

1013. Budget Information and Annual Reports to Congress .. 10541 

PART II—PERSONNEL GENERALLY 

1201. Authorized Strengths and Distribution in Grade ........ 12001 

1203. Enlisted Members ........................................................... 12101 

1205. Appointment of Reserve Officers ................................... 12201 

1207. Warrant Officers ............................................................. 12241 

1209. Active Duty ...................................................................... 12301 

1211. National Guard Members in Federal Service ............... 12401 

1213. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 12501 

1214. Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance ............ 12521 

1215. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 12551 

1217. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 12601 

1219. Standards and Procedures for Retention and Promotion ................................................................................ 12641 

1221. Separation ....................................................................... 12681 

1223. Retired Pay for Non-Regular Service ............................ 12731 

1225. Retired Grade .................................................................. 12771 

PART III—PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF OFFICERS 

ON THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST 

1401. Applicability and Reserve Active-Status Lists ............. 14001 

1403. Selection Boards .............................................................. 14101 

1405. Promotions ....................................................................... 14301 

1407. Failure of Selection for Promotion and Involuntary 

Separation .................................................................... 14501 

1409. Continuation of Officers on the Reserve Active-Status 

List and Selective Early Removal .............................. 14701 

1411. Additional Provisions Relating to Involuntary Separation ................................................................................ 14901 
2208 

PART IV—TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND 

EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

1601. Training Generally. [No present sections] 

1606. Educational Assistance for Members of the Selected 

Reserve ......................................................................... 16131 

1607. Educational Assistance for Reserve Component Members Supporting Contingency Operations and Certain Other Operations ................................................. 16161 

1608. Health Professions Stipend Program ............................ 16201 

1609. Education Loan Repayment Programs .......................... 16301 

1611. Other Educational Assistance Programs ...................... 16401 

PART V—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT 

1801. Issue of Serviceable Material to Reserve Components. 

[No present sections] 

1803. Facilities for Reserve Components ................................ 18231 

1805. Miscellaneous Provisions ................................................ 18501 
2209 

PART I—ORGANIZATION AND 

ADMINISTRATION 

Chap. Sec. 

1001. Definitions ....................................................................... 10001 

1003. Reserve Components Generally ..................................... 10101 

1005. Elements of Reserve Components ................................. 10141 

1006. Reserve Component Commands .................................... 10171 

1007. Administration of Reserve Components ........................ 10201 

1009. Reserve Forces Policy Boards and Committees ............ 10301 

1011. National Guard Bureau .................................................. 10501 

1013. Budget Information and Annual Reports to Congress .. 10541 

2211 

CHAPTER 1001—DEFINITIONS 

Sec. 

10001. Definition of State. 

§ 10001. Definition of State 

In this subtitle, the term ‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and 

Guam. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2969.) 
2212 

CHAPTER 1003—RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY 

Sec. 

10101. Reserve components named. 

10102. Purpose of reserve components. 

10103. Basic policy for order into Federal service. 

10104. Army Reserve: composition. 

10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition. 

10106. Army National Guard: when a component of the Army. 

10107. Army National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal 

service. 

10108. Navy Reserve: administration. 

10109. Marine Corps Reserve: administration. 

10110. Air Force Reserve: composition. 

10111. Air National Guard of the United States: composition. 

10112. Air National Guard: when a component of the Air Force. 

10113. Air National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal 

service. 

10114. Coast Guard Reserve. 

§ 10101. Reserve components named 

The reserve components of the armed forces are: 

(1) The Army National Guard of the United States. 

(2) The Army Reserve. 

(3) The Navy Reserve. 

(4) The Marine Corps Reserve. 

(5) The Air National Guard of the United States. 

(6) The Air Force Reserve. 

(7) The Coast Guard Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(Z), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 

§ 10102. Purpose of reserve components 

The purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained 

units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed 

forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other 

times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the 

armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than 

are in the regular components. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970; amended 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 511, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1877.) 

§ 10103. Basic policy for order into Federal service 

Whenever Congress determines that more units and organizations are needed for the national security than are in the regular 

components of the ground and air forces, the Army National Guard 

of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United 

States, or such parts of them as are needed, together with units of 

other reserve components necessary for a balanced force, shall be 

ordered to active duty and retained as long as so needed. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(2)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495.) 
2213 § 10110 CH. 1003—RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY 

§ 10104. Army Reserve: composition 

The Army Reserve includes all Reserves of the Army who are 

not members of the Army National Guard of the United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970.) 

§ 10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition 

The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve 

component of the Army that consists of— 

(1) federally recognized units and organizations of the 

Army National Guard; and 

(2) members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of the Army. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970.) 

§ 10106. Army National Guard: when a component of the 

Army 

The Army National Guard while in the service of the United 

States is a component of the Army. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970.) 

§ 10107. Army National Guard of the United States: status 

when not in Federal service 

When not on active duty, members of the Army National 

Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, 

equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Army National Guard. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10108. Navy Reserve: administration 

(a) The Navy Reserve is the reserve component of the Navy. It 

shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the 

direction of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(b) The bureaus and offices of the executive part of the Department of the Navy have the same relation and responsibility to the 

Navy Reserve as they do to the Regular Navy. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(AA), (3)(F), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 10109. Marine Corps Reserve: administration 

(a) The Marine Corps Reserve is the reserve component of the 

Marine Corps. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and 

supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Marine 

Corps. 

(b) The departments and offices of Headquarters, Marine Corps 

have the same relation and responsibilities to the Marine Corps 

Reserve as they do to the Regular Marine Corps. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10110. Air Force Reserve: composition 

The Air Force Reserve is a reserve component of the Air Force 

to provide a reserve for active duty. It consists of the members of 

the officers’ section of the Air Force Reserve and of the enlisted sec-
§ 10111 CH. 1003—RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY 2214 

tion of the Air Force Reserve. It includes all Reserves of the Air 

Force who are not members of the Air National Guard of the 

United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10111. Air National Guard of the United States: composition 

The Air National Guard of the United States is the reserve 

component of the Air Force that consists of— 

(1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Air 

National Guard; and 

(2) members of the Air National Guard who are also Reserves of the Air Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10112. Air National Guard: when a component of the Air 

Force 

The Air National Guard while in the service of the United 

States is a component of the Air Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10113. Air National Guard of the United States: status 

when not in Federal service 

When not on active duty, members of the Air National Guard 

of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and 

trained in their status as members of the Air National Guard. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 

§ 10114. Coast Guard Reserve 

As provided in section 701 of title 14, the Coast Guard Reserve 

is a component of the Coast Guard and is organized, administered, 

trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of 

the Coast Guard. Laws applicable to the Coast Guard Reserve are 

set forth in chapter 21 of title 14 (14 U.S.C. 701 et seq.). 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2971.) 
2215 

CHAPTER 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

10141. Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve; Retired Reserve: placement and status 

of members; training categories. 

10142. Ready Reserve. 

10143. Ready Reserve: Selected Reserve. 

10144. Ready Reserve: Individual Ready Reserve. 

10145. Ready Reserve: placement in. 

10146. Ready Reserve: transfer from. 

10147. Ready Reserve: training requirements. 

10148. Ready Reserve: failure to satisfactorily perform prescribed training. 

10149. Ready Reserve: continuous screening. 

10150. Ready Reserve: transfer back from Standby Reserve. 

10151. Standby Reserve: composition. 

10152. Standby Reserve: inactive status list. 

10153. Standby Reserve: status of members. 

10154. Retired Reserve. 

§ 10141. Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve; Retired Reserve: 

placement and status of members; training categories 

(a) There are in each armed force a Ready Reserve, a Standby 

Reserve, and a Retired Reserve. Each Reserve shall be placed in 

one of those categories. 

(b) Reserves who are on the inactive status list of a reserve 

component, or who are assigned to the inactive Army National 

Guard or the inactive Air National Guard, are in an inactive status. Members in the Retired Reserve are in a retired status. All 

other Reserves are in an active status. 

(c) As prescribed by the Secretary concerned, each reserve component except the Army National Guard of the United States and 

the Air National Guard of the United States shall be divided into 

training categories according to the degrees of training, including 

the number and duration of drills or equivalent duties to be completed in stated periods. The designation of training categories 

shall be the same for all armed forces and the same within the 

Ready Reserve and the Standby Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2972.) 

§ 10142. Ready Reserve 

(a) The Ready Reserve consists of units or Reserves, or both, 

liable for active duty as provided in sections 12301 and 12302 of 

this title. 

(b) The authorized strength of the Ready Reserve is 2,900,000. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2972.) 

§ 10143. Ready Reserve: Selected Reserve 

(a) Within the Ready Reserve of each of the reserve components there is a Selected Reserve. The Selected Reserve consists of 

units, and, as designated by the Secretary concerned, of Reserves, 
§ 10144 CH. 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2216 

trained as prescribed in section 10147(a)(1) of this title or section 

502(a) of title 32, as appropriate. 

(b) The organization and unit structure of the Selected Reserve 

shall be approved— 

(1) in the case of all reserve components other than the 

Coast Guard Reserve, by the Secretary of Defense based upon 

recommendations from the military departments as approved 

by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in accordance with 

contingency and war plans; and 

(2) in the case of the Coast Guard Reserve, by the Secretary of Homeland Security upon the recommendation of the 

Commandant of the Coast Guard. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2972; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10144. Ready Reserve: Individual Ready Reserve 

(a) Within the Ready Reserve of each of the reserve components there is an Individual Ready Reserve. The Individual Ready 

Reserve consists of those members of the Ready Reserve who are 

not in the Selected Reserve or the inactive National Guard. 

(b)(1) Within the Individual Ready Reserve of each reserve 

component there is a category of members, as designated by the 

Secretary concerned, who are subject to being ordered to active 

duty involuntarily in accordance with section 12304 of this title. A 

member may not be placed in that mobilization category unless— 

(A) the member volunteers for that category; and 

(B) the member is selected for that category by the Secretary concerned, based upon the needs of the service and the 

grade and military skills of that member. 

(2) A member of the Individual Ready Reserve may not be carried in such mobilization category of members after the end of the 

24-month period beginning on the date of the separation of the 

member from active service. 

(3) The Secretary shall designate the grades and military skills 

or specialities of members to be eligible for placement in such mobilization category. 

(4) A member in such mobilization category shall be eligible for 

benefits (other than pay and training) as are normally available to 

members of the Selected Reserve, as determined by the Secretary 

of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2973; amended 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1728.) 

§ 10145. Ready Reserve: placement in 

(a) Each person required under law to serve in a reserve component shall, upon becoming a member, be placed in the Ready Reserve of his armed force for his prescribed term of service, unless 

he is transferred to the Standby Reserve under section 10146(a) of 

this title. 

(b) The units and members of the Army National Guard of the 

United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States 

are in the Ready Reserve of the Army and the Ready Reserve of 

the Air Force, respectively. 
2217 § 10147 CH. 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(c) All Reserves assigned to units organized to serve as units 

and designated as units in the Ready Reserve are in the Ready Reserve. 

(d) Under such regulations as the Secretary concerned may 

prescribe, any qualified member of a reserve component or any 

qualified retired enlisted member of a regular component may, 

upon his request, be placed in the Ready Reserve. However, a 

member of the Retired Reserve entitled to retired pay or a retired 

enlisted member of a regular component may not be placed in the 

Ready Reserve unless the Secretary concerned makes a special 

finding that the member’s services in the Ready Reserve are indispensable. The authority of the Secretary concerned under the preceding sentence may not be delegated— 

(1) to a civilian officer or employee of the military department concerned below the level of Assistant Secretary; or 

(2) to a member of the armed forces below the level of the 

lieutenant general or vice admiral in an armed force with responsibility for military personnel policy in that armed force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2973; amended 

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 513, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1460.) 

§ 10146. Ready Reserve: transfer from 

(a) Subject to subsection (c) and under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of Defense, or by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as 

a service in the Navy, a member in the Ready Reserve may be 

transferred to the Standby Reserve. 

(b) A Reserve who is qualified and so requests may be transferred to the Retired Reserve under regulations prescribed by the 

Secretary concerned and, in the case of the Secretary of a military 

department, approved by the Secretary of Defense. 

(c) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred 

to the Standby Reserve only with the consent of the governor or 

other appropriate authority of the State. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2973; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10147. Ready Reserve: training requirements 

(a) Except as specifically provided in regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, or by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, each person who is enlisted, inducted, or appointed in an armed force, and who becomes a member of the Ready Reserve under any provision of law except section 

513 or 10145(b) of this title, shall be required, while in the Ready 

Reserve, to— 

(1) participate in at least 48 scheduled drills or training 

periods during each year and serve on active duty for training 

of not less than 14 days (exclusive of traveltime) during each 

year; or 

(2) serve on active duty for training not more than 30 days 

during each year. 
§ 10148 CH. 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2218 

(b) A member who has served on active duty for one year or 

longer may not be required to perform a period of active duty for 

training if the first day of that period falls during the last 120 days 

of the member’s required membership in the Ready Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2973; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10148. Ready Reserve: failure to satisfactorily perform 

prescribed training 

(a) A member of the Ready Reserve covered by section 10147 

of this title who fails in any year to perform satisfactorily the training duty prescribed in that section, as determined by the Secretary 

concerned under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may be ordered without his consent to perform additional active duty for training for not more than 45 days. If the failure occurs during the last year of his required membership in the Ready 

Reserve, his membership is extended until he performs that additional active duty for training, but not for more than six months. 

(b) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States who fails in any 

year to perform satisfactorily the training duty prescribed by or 

under law for members of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary 

concerned, may, upon the request of the Governor of the State (or, 

in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of 

the District of Columbia National Guard) be ordered, without his 

consent, to perform additional active duty for training for not more 

than 45 days. A member ordered to active duty under this subsection shall be ordered to duty as a Reserve of the Army or as a 

Reserve of the Air Force, as the case may be. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2974.) 

§ 10149. Ready Reserve: continuous screening 

(a) Under regulations to be prescribed by the President, the 

Secretary concerned shall provide a system of continuous screening 

of units and members of the Ready Reserve to ensure the following: 

(1) That there will be no significant attrition of those members or units during a mobilization. 

(2) That there is a proper balance of military skills. 

(3) That except for those with military skills for which 

there is an overriding requirement, members having critical civilian skills are not retained in numbers beyond the need for 

those skills. 

(4) That with due regard to national security and military 

requirements, recognition will be given to participation in combat. 

(5) That members whose mobilization in an emergency 

would result in an extreme personal or community hardship 

are not retained in the Ready Reserve. 

(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to 

the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, 
2219 § 10154 CH. 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

a member of the Ready Reserve who is designated as a member not 

to be retained in the Ready Reserve as a result of screening under 

subsection (a) shall, as appropriate, be— 

(1) transferred to the Standby Reserve; 

(2) discharged; or 

(3) if the member is eligible and applies therefor, transferred to the Retired Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2974; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10150. Ready Reserve: transfer back from Standby Reserve 

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 

Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a 

member of the Standby Reserve who has not completed his required period of service in the Ready Reserve may be transferred 

to the Ready Reserve when the reason for his transfer to the 

Standby Reserve no longer exists. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2975; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10151. Standby Reserve: composition 

The Standby Reserve consists of those units or members, or 

both, of the reserve components, other than those in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve, who are liable for active duty only as provided in sections 12301 and 12306 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2975.) 

§ 10152. Standby Reserve: inactive status list 

An inactive status list shall be maintained in the Standby Reserve. Whenever an authority designated by the Secretary concerned considers that it is in the best interest of the armed force 

concerned, a member in the Standby Reserve who is not required 

to remain a Reserve, and who cannot participate in prescribed 

training, may, if qualified, be transferred to the inactive status list 

under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary concerned. 

These regulations shall fix the conditions under which such a member is entitled to be returned to an active status. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2975.) 

§ 10153. Standby Reserve: status of members 

While in an inactive status, a Reserve is not eligible for pay 

or promotion and (as provided in section 12734(a) of this title) does 

not accrue credit for years of service under chapter 1223 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2975.) 

§ 10154. Retired Reserve 

The Retired Reserve consists of the following Reserves: 

(1) Reserves who are or have been retired under section 

3911, 6323, or 8911 of this title or under section 291 of title 

14. 
§ 10154 CH. 1005—ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2220 

(2) Reserves who have been transferred to the Retired Reserve, retain their status as Reserves, and are otherwise qualified. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2975; amended 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 517(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1094.) 
2221 

CHAPTER 1006—RESERVE COMPONENT COMMANDS 

Sec. 

10171. United States Army Reserve Command. 

10172. Navy Reserve Force. 

10173. Marine Forces Reserve. 

10174. Air Force Reserve Command. 

§ 10171. United States Army Reserve Command 

(a) COMMAND.—The United States Army Reserve Command is 

a separate command of the Army commanded by the Chief of Army 

Reserve. 

(b) CHAIN OF COMMAND.—Except as otherwise prescribed by 

the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army shall prescribe 

the chain of command for the United States Army Reserve Command. 

(c) ASSIGNMENT OF FORCES.—The Secretary of the Army— 

(1) shall assign to the United States Army Reserve Command all forces of the Army Reserve in the continental United 

States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant 

command for special operations forces established pursuant to 

section 167 of this title; and 

(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the 

Secretary of the Army specified in section 3013 of this title, 

shall assign all such forces of the Army Reserve to the commander of the United States Atlantic Command. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1211(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2689.) 

§ 10172. Navy Reserve Force 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMAND.—The Secretary of the Navy, 

with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Naval Operations, 

shall establish a Navy Reserve Force. The Navy Reserve Force 

shall be operated as a separate command of the Navy. 

(b) COMMANDER.—The Chief of Navy Reserve shall be the commander of the Navy Reserve Force. The commander of the Navy 

Reserve Force reports directly to the Chief of Naval Operations. 

(c) ASSIGNMENT OF FORCES.—The Secretary of the Navy— 

(1) shall assign to the Navy Reserve Force specified portions of the Navy Reserve other than forces assigned to the 

unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and 

(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the 

Secretary of the Navy specified in section 5013 of this title, 

shall assign to the combatant commands all such forces assigned to the Navy Reserve Force under paragraph (1) in the 

manner specified by the Secretary of Defense. 
§ 10173 CH. 1006—RESERVE COMPONENT COMMANDS 2222 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1211(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2689; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(BB), (3)(G), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 10173. Marine Forces Reserve 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of the Navy, with the advice and assistance of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, shall 

establish in the Marine Corps a command known as the Marine 

Forces Reserve. 

(b) COMMANDER.—The Marine Forces Reserve is commanded 

by the Commander, Marine Forces Reserve. The Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, reports directly to the Commandant of the 

Marine Corps. 

(c) ASSIGNMENT OF FORCES.—The Commandant of the Marine 

Corps— 

(1) shall assign to the Marine Forces Reserve the forces of 

the Marine Corps Reserve stationed in the continental United 

States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant 

command for special operations forces established pursuant to 

section 167 of this title; and 

(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the 

Secretary of the Navy specified in section 5013 of this title, 

shall assign to the combatant commands (through the Marine 

Corps component commander for each such command) all such 

forces assigned to the Marine Forces Reserve under paragraph 

(1) in the manner specified by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1211(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2690.) 

§ 10174. Air Force Reserve Command 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMAND.—The Secretary of the Air 

Force, with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Staff of the 

Air Force, shall establish an Air Force Reserve Command. The Air 

Force Reserve Command shall be operated as a separate command 

of the Air Force. 

(b) COMMANDER.—The Chief of Air Force Reserve is the Commander of the Air Force Reserve Command. The commander of the 

Air Force Reserve Command reports directly to the Chief of Staff 

of the Air Force. 

(c) ASSIGNMENT OF FORCES.—The Secretary of the Air Force— 

(1) shall assign to the Air Force Reserve Command all 

forces of the Air Force Reserve stationed in the continental 

United States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and 

(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the 

Secretary of the Air Force specified in section 8013 of this title, 

shall assign to the combatant commands all such forces assigned to the Air Force Reserve Command under paragraph (1) 

in the manner specified by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1211(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2690.) 
2223 

CHAPTER 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE 

COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

10201. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. 

10202. Regulations. 

10203. Reserve affairs: designation of general or flag officer of each armed force. 

10204. Personnel records. 

10205. Members of Ready Reserve: requirement of notification of change of status. 

10206. Members: physical examinations. 

10207. Mobilization forces: maintenance. 

10208. Annual mobilization exercise. 

10209. Regular and reserve components: discrimination prohibited. 

10210. Dissemination of information. 

10211. Policies and regulations: participation of Reserve officers in preparation 

and administration. 

10212. Gratuitous services of officers: authority to accept. 

10213. Reserve components: dual membership prohibited. 

10214. Adjutants general and assistant adjutants general: reference to other officers of National Guard. 

10215. Officers of Army National Guard of the United States and Air National 

Guard of the United States: authority with respect to Federal status. 

10216. Military technicians (dual status). 

10217. Non-dual status technicians. 

10218. Army and Air Force Reserve technicians: conditions for retention; mandatory retirement under civil service laws. 

§ 10201. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs 

As provided in section 138(b)(2) of this title, the official in the 

Department of Defense with responsibility for overall supervision of 

reserve component affairs of the Department of Defense is the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2976; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, Sec. 903(f)(4), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 104–201, 

div. A, title IX, Sec. 901, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2617.) 

§ 10202. Regulations 

(a) Subject to standards, policies, and procedures prescribed by 

the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of each military department 

shall prescribe such regulations as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out provisions of law relating to the reserve components under the Secretary’s jurisdiction. 

(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security, with the concurrence 

of the Secretary of the Navy, shall prescribe such regulations as 

the Secretary considers necessary to carry out all provisions of law 

relating to the reserve components insofar as they relate to the 

Coast Guard, except when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the Navy. 

(c) So far as practicable, regulations for all reserve components 

shall be uniform. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2976; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 
§ 10203 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2224 

§ 10203. Reserve affairs: designation of general or flag officer of each armed force 

(a) The Secretary of the Army may designate a general officer 

of the Army to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the 

Chief of Staff of the Army. 

(b) The Secretary of the Navy may designate a flag officer of 

the Navy to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Chief 

of Naval Operations and a general officer of the Marine Corps to 

be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Commandant of the 

Marine Corps. 

(c) The Secretary of the Air Force may designate a general officer of the Air Force to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to 

the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. 

(d) The Secretary of Homeland Security may designate a flag 

officer of the Coast Guard to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Commandant of the Coast Guard. 

(e) This section does not affect the functions of the Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau, the Chief of Army Reserve, or the Chief 

of Air Force Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2976; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10204. Personnel records 

(a) The Secretary concerned shall maintain adequate and current personnel records of each member of the reserve components 

under the Secretary’s jurisdiction showing the following with respect to the member: 

(1) Physical condition. 

(2) Dependency status. 

(3) Military qualifications. 

(4) Civilian occupational skills. 

(5) Availability for service. 

(6) Such other information as the Secretary concerned may 

prescribe. 

(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of each military department shall maintain a 

record of the number of members of each class of each reserve component who, during each fiscal year, have participated satisfactorily 

in active duty for training and inactive duty training with pay. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2977.) 

§ 10205. Members of Ready Reserve: requirement of notification of change of status 

(a) Each member of the Ready Reserve shall notify the Secretary concerned of any change in the member’s address, marital 

status, number of dependents, or civilian employment and of any 

change in the member’s physical condition that would prevent the 

member from meeting the physical or mental standards prescribed 

for the member’s armed force. 

(b) This section shall be administered under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy. 
2225 § 10208 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2977; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 10206. Members: physical examinations 

(a) Each member of the Selected Reserve who is not on active 

duty shall— 

(1) have a comprehensive medical readiness health and 

dental assessment on an annual basis, including routine annual preventive health care screening and periodic comprehensive physical examinations in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense that reflect morbidity and 

mortality risks associated with the military service, age, and 

gender of the member; and 

(2) execute and submit to the Secretary concerned on an 

annual basis documentation of the medical and dental readiness of the member to perform military duties. 

(b) A member of the Individual Ready Reserve or inactive National Guard shall be examined for physical fitness as necessary to 

determine the member’s physical fitness for— 

(1) military duty or promotion; 

(2) attendance at a school of the armed forces; or 

(3) other action related to career progression. 

(c) Each Reserve in an active status, or on an inactive status 

list, who is not on active duty shall execute and submit annually 

to the Secretary concerned a certificate of physical condition. 

(d) The kind of duty to which a Reserve ordered to active duty 

may be assigned shall be considered in determining physical qualifications for active duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2977; amended 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 516, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1094; Pub. L. 109–163, div. 

A, title VII, Sec. 732(a), (b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3351, 3352.) 

§ 10207. Mobilization forces: maintenance 

(a) Whenever units or members of the reserve components are 

ordered to active duty (other than for training) during a period of 

partial mobilization, the Secretary concerned shall continue to 

maintain mobilization forces by planning and budgeting for the 

continued organization and training of the reserve components not 

mobilized, and make the fullest practicable use of the Federal facilities vacated by mobilized units, consistent with approved joint 

mobilization plans. 

(b) In this section, the term ‘‘partial mobilization’’ means the 

mobilization resulting from action by Congress or the President, 

under any law, to bring units of any reserve component, and members not assigned to units organized to serve as units, to active 

duty for a limited expansion of the active armed forces. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2977.) 

§ 10208. Annual mobilization exercise 

(a) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct at least one major 

mobilization exercise each year. The exercise should be as comprehensive and as realistic as possible and should include the participation of associated active component and reserve component 

units. 
§ 10209 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2226 

(b) The Secretary shall maintain a plan to test periodically 

each active component and reserve component unit based in the 

United States and all interactions of such units, as well as the 

sustainment of the forces mobilized as part of the exercise, with the 

objective of permitting an evaluation of the adequacy of resource allocation and planning. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2978.) 

§ 10209. Regular and reserve components: discrimination 

prohibited 

Laws applying to both Regulars and Reserves shall be administered without discrimination— 

(1) among Regulars; 

(2) among Reserves; and 

(3) between Regulars and Reserves. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2978.) 

§ 10210. Dissemination of information 

The Secretary of Defense shall require the complete and current dissemination, to all Reserves and to the public, of information 

of interest to the reserve components. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2978.) 

§ 10211. Policies and regulations: participation of Reserve 

officers in preparation and administration 

Within such numbers and in such grades and assignments as 

the Secretary concerned may prescribe, each armed force shall have 

officers of its reserve components on active duty (other than for 

training) at the seat of government, and at headquarters responsible for reserve affairs, to participate in preparing and administering the policies and regulations affecting those reserve components. While so serving, such an officer is an additional number of 

any staff with which he is serving. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2978.) 

§ 10212. Gratuitous services of officers: authority to accept 

(a) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the Secretary of 

Defense may accept the gratuitous services of an officer of a reserve component (other than an officer of the Army National Guard 

of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United 

States) in consultation upon matters relating to the armed forces. 

(b) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the Secretary of 

a military department may accept the gratuitous services of an officer of a reserve component under the Secretary’s jurisdiction (other 

than an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States)— 

(1) in the furtherance of the enrollment, organization, and 

training of that officer’s reserve component or the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps; or 

(2) in consultation upon matters relating to the armed 

forces. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2978; amended 

Pub. L. 103–355, title III, Sec. 3021(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3333.) 
2227 § 10215 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

§ 10213. Reserve components: dual membership prohibited 

Except as otherwise provided in this title, no person may be a 

member of more than one reserve component at the same time. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979.) 

§ 10214. Adjutants general and assistant adjutants general: 

reference to other officers of National Guard 

In any case in which, under the laws of a State, an officer of 

the National Guard of that jurisdiction, other than the adjutant 

general or an assistant adjutant general, normally performs the duties of that office, the references in sections 12004(b)(1), 12215, 

12642(c), 14507(b), 14508(h), and 14512 of this title to the adjutant 

general or the assistant adjutant general shall be applied to that 

officer instead of to the adjutant general or assistant adjutant general. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979; amended 

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(51), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4371.) 

§ 10215. Officers of Army National Guard of the United 

States and Air National Guard of the United States: 

authority with respect to Federal status 

(a)(1) Officers of the Army National Guard of the United States 

who are not on active duty— 

(A) may order members of the Army National Guard of the 

United States to active duty for training under section 

12301(d) of this title; and 

(B) with the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, 

may order members of the Air National Guard of the United 

States to active duty for training under that section. 

(2) Officers of the Air National Guard of the United States who 

are not on active duty— 

(A) may order members of the Air National Guard of the 

United States to active duty for training under section 

12301(d) of this title; and 

(B) with the approval of the Secretary of the Army, may 

order members of the Army National Guard of the United 

States to active duty for training under that section. 

(b) Officers of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States who are not on active duty— 

(1) may enlist, reenlist, or extend the enlistments of persons as Reserves of the Army or Reserves of the Air Force for 

service in the Army National Guard of the United States or the 

Air National Guard of the United States, as the case may be; 

and 

(2) with respect to their Federal status, may promote or 

discharge persons enlisted or reenlisted as Reserves of the 

Army or Reserves of the Air Force for that service. 

(c) This section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning the Army, and by the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to matters concerning the Air Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2979.) 
§ 10216 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2228 

§ 10216. Military technicians (dual status) 

(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) For purposes of this section and any 

other provision of law, a military technician (dual status) is a Federal civilian employee who— 

(A) is employed under section 3101 of title 5 or section 

709(b) of title 32; 

(B) is required as a condition of that employment to maintain membership in the Selected Reserve; and 

(C) is assigned to a civilian position as a technician in the 

organizing, administering, instructing, or training of the Selected Reserve or in the maintenance and repair of supplies or 

equipment issued to the Selected Reserve or the armed forces. 

(2) Military technicians (dual status) shall be authorized and 

accounted for as a separate category of civilian employees. 

(3) A military technician (dual status) who is employed under 

section 3101 of title 5 may perform the following additional duties 

to the extent that the performance of those duties does not interfere with the performance of the primary duties described in paragraph (1): 

(A) Supporting operations or missions assigned in whole or 

in part to the technician’s unit. 

(B) Supporting operations or missions performed or to be 

performed by— 

(i) a unit composed of elements from more than one 

component of the technician’s armed force; or 

(ii) a joint forces unit that includes— 

(I) one or more units of the technician’s component; or 

(II) a member of the technician’s component whose 

reserve component assignment is in a position in an 

element of the joint forces unit. 

(C) Instructing or training in the United States or the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or possessions of the United 

States of— 

(i) active-duty members of the armed forces; 

(ii) members of foreign military forces (under the same 

authorities and restrictions applicable to active-duty members providing such instruction or training); 

(iii) Department of Defense contractor personnel; or 

(iv) Department of Defense civilian employees. 

(b) PRIORITY FOR MANAGEMENT OF MILITARY TECHNICIANS

(DUAL STATUS).—(1) As a basis for making the annual request to 

Congress pursuant to section 115(d) of this title for authorization 

of end strengths for military technicians (dual status) of the Army 

and Air Force reserve components, the Secretary of Defense shall 

give priority to supporting authorizations for military technicians 

(dual status) in the following high-priority units and organizations: 

(A) Units of the Selected Reserve that are scheduled to deploy no later than 90 days after mobilization. 

(B) Units of the Selected Reserve that are or will deploy 

to relieve active duty peacetime operations tempo. 

(C) Those organizations with the primary mission of providing direct support surface and aviation maintenance for the 
2229 § 10216 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

reserve components of the Army and Air Force, to the extent 

that the military technicians (dual status) in such units would 

mobilize and deploy in a skill that is compatible with their civilian position skill. 

(2) For each fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall, for the 

high-priority units and organizations referred to in paragraph (1), 

seek to achieve a programmed manning level for military technicians (dual status) that is not less than 90 percent of the programmed manpower structure for those units and organizations for 

military technicians (dual status) for that fiscal year. 

(3) Military technician (dual status) authorizations and personnel shall be exempt from any requirement (imposed by law or 

otherwise) for reductions in Department of Defense civilian personnel and shall only be reduced as part of military force structure 

reductions. 

(c) INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED WITH ANNUAL

END STRENGTH AUTHORIZATION REQUEST.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall include as part of the budget justification documents 

submitted to Congress with the budget of the Department of Defense for any fiscal year the following information with respect to 

the end strengths for military technicians (dual status) requested 

in that budget pursuant to section 115(d) of this title, shown separately for each of the Army and Air Force reserve components: 

(A) The number of military technicians (dual status) in the 

high priority units and organizations specified in subsection 

(b)(1). 

(B) The number of technicians other than military technicians (dual status) in the high priority units and organizations 

specified in subsection (b)(1). 

(C) The number of military technicians (dual status) in 

other than high priority units and organizations specified in 

subsection (b)(1). 

(D) The number of technicians other than military technicians (dual status) in other than high priority units and organizations specified in subsection (b)(1). 

(2)(A) If the budget submitted to Congress for any fiscal year 

requests authorization for that fiscal year under section 115(d) of 

this title of a military technician (dual status) end strength for a 

reserve component of the Army or Air Force in a number that constitutes a reduction from the end strength minimum established by 

law for that reserve component for the fiscal year during which the 

budget is submitted, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

congressional defense committees with that budget a justification 

providing the basis for that requested reduction in technician end 

strength. 

(B) Any justification submitted under subparagraph (A) shall 

clearly delineate the specific force structure reductions forming the 

basis for such requested technician reduction (and the numbers related to those reductions). 

(d) UNIT MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENT.—(1) Unless specifically 

exempted by law, each individual who is hired as a military technician (dual status) after December 1, 1995, shall be required as a 

condition of that employment to maintain membership in— 
§ 10216 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2230 

(A) the unit of the Selected Reserve by which the individual is employed as a military technician; or 

(B) a unit of the Selected Reserve that the individual is 

employed as a military technician to support. 

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a military technician (dual 

status) who is employed by the Army Reserve in an area other 

than Army Reserve troop program units. 

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a military technician (dual 

status) who is employed by the Air Force Reserve in an area other 

than the Air Force Reserve unit program, except that not more 

than 50 of such technicians may be assigned outside of the unit 

program at the same time. 

(e) DUAL STATUS REQUIREMENT.—(1) Funds appropriated for 

the Department of Defense may not (except as provided in paragraph (2)) be used for compensation as a military technician of any 

individual hired as a military technician (dual status) after February 10, 1996, who is no longer a member of the Selected Reserve. 

(2) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned may pay compensation described in paragraph (1) to an individual described in that paragraph who is no longer a member 

of the Selected Reserve for a period up to 12 months following the 

individual’s loss of membership in the Selected Reserve if the Secretary determines that such loss of membership was not due to the 

failure of that individual to meet military standards. 

(f) DEFERRAL OF MANDATORY SEPARATION.—The Secretary of 

the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force shall implement personnel policies so as to allow a military technician (dual status) 

who continues to meet the requirements of this section for dual status to continue to serve beyond a mandatory removal date for officers, and any applicable maximum years of service limitation, until 

the military technician (dual status) reaches age 60 and attains eligibility for an unreduced annuity (as defined in section 10218(c) of 

this title). 

(g) RETENTION OF MILITARY TECHNICIANS WHO LOSE DUAL

STATUS DUE TO COMBAT-RELATED DISABILITY.—(1) Notwithstanding subsection (d) of this section or subsections (a)(3) and (b) 

of section 10218 of this title, if a military technician (dual status) 

loses such dual status as the result of a combat-related disability 

(as defined in section 1413a of this title), the person may be retained as a non-dual status technician so long as— 

(A) the combat-related disability does not prevent the person from performing the non-dual status functions or position; 

and 

(B) the person, while a non-dual status technician, is not 

disqualified from performing the non-dual status functions or 

position because of performance, medical, or other reasons. 

(2) A person so retained shall be removed not later than 30 

days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age. 

(3) Persons retained under the authority of this subsection do 

not count against the limitations of section 10217(c) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 513(c)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 306; amended 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title IV, Sec. 413(b), (c), title XII, Sec. 1214, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 

2507, 2508, 2695; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(a), (b), (f)–(h)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 

Stat. 1734–1736; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 521, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 
2231 § 10217 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

108–136, div. A, title IV, Sec. 403(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1452; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 513(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3232; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 525(b), 

Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2194; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 511, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 

98; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 511, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4439; Pub. L. 111–383, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 512, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(52), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4210, 4372.) 

§ 10217. Non-dual status technicians 

(a) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this section and any other 

provision of law, a non-dual status technician is a civilian employee 

of the Department of Defense serving in a military technician position who— 

(1) was hired as a technician before November 18, 1997, 

under any of the authorities specified in subsection (b) and as 

of that date is not a member of the Selected Reserve or after 

such date has ceased to be a member of the Selected Reserve; 

(2) is employed under section 709 of title 32 in a position 

designated under subsection (c) of that section and when hired 

was not required to maintain membership in the Selected Reserve; or 

(3) is hired as a temporary employee pursuant to the exception for temporary employment provided by subsection (d) 

and subject to the terms and conditions of such subsection. 

(b) EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES.—The authorities referred to in 

subsection (a) are the following: 

(1) Section 10216 of this title. 

(2) Section 709 of title 32. 

(3) The requirements referred to in section 8401 of title 5. 

(4) Section 8016 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1996 (Public Law 104–61; 109 Stat. 654), and any 

comparable provision of law enacted on an annual basis in the 

Department of Defense Appropriations Acts for fiscal years 

1984 through 1995. 

(5) Any memorandum of agreement between the Department of Defense and the Office of Personnel Management providing for the hiring of military technicians. 

(c) PERMANENT LIMITATIONS ON NUMBER.—(1) The total number of non-dual status technicians employed by the Army Reserve 

may not exceed 595 and by the Air Force Reserve may not exceed 

90. If at any time the number of non-dual status technicians employed by the Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve exceeds the 

number specified in the limitation in the preceding sentence, the 

Secretary of Defense shall require that the Secretary of the Army 

or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, take immediate steps to 

reduce the number of such technicians in order to comply with such 

limitation. 

(2) The total number of non-dual status technicians employed 

by the National Guard may not exceed 1,950. If at any time the 

number of non-dual status technicians employed by the National 

Guard exceeds the number specified in the limitation in the preceding sentence, the Secretary of Defense shall require that the 

Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, 

take immediate steps to reduce the number of such technicians in 

order to comply with such limitation. 
§ 10218 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2232 

1 In section 10217(c)(3), ‘‘consider’’ probably should be ‘‘considered’’. 

(3) An individual employed as a non-dual status technician as 

described in subsection (a)(3) shall not be consider 1 a non-dual status technician for purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2). 

(d) EXCEPTION FOR TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT.—(1) Notwithstanding section 10218 of this title, the Secretary of the Army or 

the Secretary of the Air Force may employ, for a period not to exceed two years, a person to fill a vacancy created by the mobilization of a military technician (dual status) occupying a position 

under section 10216 of this title. 

(2) The duration of the temporary employment of a person in 

a military technician position under this subsection may not exceed 

the shorter of the following: 

(A) The period of mobilization of the military technician 

(dual status) whose vacancy is being filled by the temporary 

employee. 

(B) Two years. 

(3) No person may be hired under the authority of this subsection after the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of 

the enactment of this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 523(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 106– 

65, div. A, title V, Sec. 523, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title 

IV, 414(c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–94; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IV, Sec. 

414(d), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2527; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IV, Sec. 415, Nov. 24, 2003, 

117 Stat. 1453; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 513, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(53), Jan. 7, 2011, 

124 Stat. 4210, 4372.) 

§ 10218. Army and Air Force Reserve technicians: conditions 

for retention; mandatory retirement under civil 

service laws 

(a) SEPARATION AND RETIREMENT OF MILITARY TECHNICIANS

(DUAL STATUS).—(1) An individual employed by the Army Reserve 

or the Air Force Reserve as a military technician (dual status) who 

after October 5, 1999, loses dual status is subject to paragraph (2) 

or (3), as the case may be. 

(2) If a technician described in paragraph (1) is eligible at the 

time dual status is lost for an unreduced annuity and is age 60 or 

older at that time, the technician shall be separated not later than 

30 days after the date on which dual status is lost. 

(3)(A) If a technician described in paragraph (1) is not eligible 

at the time dual status is lost for an unreduced annuity or is under 

age 60 at that time, the technician shall be offered the opportunity 

to— 

(i) reapply for, and if qualified be appointed to, a position 

as a military technician (dual status); or 

(ii) apply for a civil service position that is not a technician 

position. 

(B) If such a technician continues employment with the Army 

Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician, 

the technician— 

(i) shall not be permitted, after October 5, 2000, to apply 

for any voluntary personnel action; and 

(ii) shall be separated or retired— 
2233 § 10218 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(I) in the case of a technician first hired as a military 

technician (dual status) on or before February 10, 1996, 

not later than 30 days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age; and 

(II) in the case of a technician first hired as a military 

technician (dual status) after February 10, 1996, not later 

than one year after the date on which dual status is lost. 

(4) For purposes of this subsection, a military technician is considered to lose dual status upon— 

(A) being separated from the Selected Reserve; or 

(B) ceasing to hold the military grade specified by the Secretary concerned for the position held by the technician. 

(b) NON-DUAL STATUS TECHNICIANS.—(1) An individual who on 

October 5, 1999, is employed by the Army Reserve or the Air Force 

Reserve as a non-dual status technician and who on that date is 

eligible for an unreduced annuity and is age 60 or older shall be 

separated not later than April 5, 2000. 

(2)(A) An individual who on October 5, 1999, is employed by 

the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status 

technician and who on that date is not eligible for an unreduced 

annuity or is under age 60 shall be offered the opportunity to— 

(i) reapply for, and if qualified be appointed to, a position 

as a military technician (dual status); or 

(ii) apply for a civil service position that is not a technician 

position. 

(B) If such a technician continues employment with the Army 

Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician, 

the technician— 

(i) shall not be permitted, after October 5, 2000, to apply 

for any voluntary personnel action; and 

(ii) shall be separated or retired— 

(I) in the case of a technician first hired as a technician on or before February 10, 1996, and who on October 

5, 1999, is a non-dual status technician, not later than 30 

days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and 

becoming 60 years of age; and 

(II) in the case of a technician first hired as a technician after February 10, 1996, and who on the date of the 

enactment of this section is a non-dual status technician, 

not later than one year after the date on which dual status 

is lost. 

(3) An individual employed by the Army Reserve or the Air 

Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician who is ineligible for 

appointment to a military technician (dual status) position, or who 

decides not to apply for appointment to such a position, or who, 

during the period beginning on October 5, 1999, and ending on 

April 5, 2000, is not appointed to such a position, shall for reduction-in-force purposes be in a separate competitive category from 

employees who are military technicians (dual status). 

(c) UNREDUCED ANNUITY DEFINED.—For purposes of this section, a technician shall be considered to be eligible for an unreduced annuity if the technician is eligible for an annuity under section 8336, 8412, or 8414 of title 5 that is not subject to a reduction 

by reason of the age or years of service of the technician. 
§ 10218 CH. 1007—ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS 2234 

(d) VOLUNTARY PERSONNEL ACTION DEFINED.—In this section, 

the term ‘‘voluntary personnel action’’, with respect to a non-dual 

status technician, means any of the following: 

(1) The hiring, entry, appointment, reassignment, promotion, or transfer of the technician into a position for which 

the Secretary concerned has established a requirement that 

the person occupying the position be a military technician 

(dual status). 

(2) Promotion to a higher grade if the technician is in a position for which the Secretary concerned has established a requirement that the person occupying the position be a military 

technician (dual status). 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 595; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 525(a), title X, Sec. 1087(a)(20)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 

1654, 1654A–108, 1654A–291.) 
2235 

CHAPTER 1009—RESERVE FORCES POLICY BOARDS AND 

COMMITTEES 

Sec. 

10301. Reserve Forces Policy Board. 

10302. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

10303. Navy Reserve Policy Board. 

10304. Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board. 

10305. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee. 

§ 10301. Reserve Forces Policy Board 

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of Defense a Reserve 

Forces Policy Board. The Board consists of the following: 

(1) A civilian chairman appointed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(2) The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and 

Reserve Affairs, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and the Assistant Secretary of the 

Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. 

(3) An officer of the Regular Army designated by the Secretary of the Army. 

(4) An officer of the Regular Navy and an officer of the 

Regular Marine Corps, each designated by the Secretary of the 

Navy. 

(5) An officer of the Regular Air Force designated by the 

Secretary of the Air Force. 

(6) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Army, 

two of whom must be members of the Army National Guard 

of the United States, and two of whom must be members of the 

Army Reserve. 

(7) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy, 

two of whom must be members of the Navy Reserve, and two 

of whom must be members of the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(8) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Air 

Force, two of whom must be members of the Air National 

Guard of the United States, and two of whom must be members of the Air Force Reserve. 

(9) A reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is a general officer or flag officer designated by 

the Chairman of the Board with the approval of the Secretary 

of Defense, and who serves without vote as military adviser to 

the Chairman and as executive officer of the Board. 

(10) An officer of the Regular Army, Regular Navy, Regular Air Force, or Regular Marine Corps serving in a position 

on the Joint Staff who is designated by the Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff. 
§ 10302 CH. 1009—BOARDS AND COMMITTEES 2236 

(b) Whenever the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in 

the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security may designate two 

officers of the Coast Guard, Regular or Reserve, to serve as voting 

members of the Board. 

(c) The Board, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, is the principal policy adviser to the Secretary of Defense on matters relating to the reserve components. 

(d) This section does not affect the committees on reserve policies prescribed within the military departments by sections 10302 

through 10305 of this title. 

(e) A member of a committee or board prescribed under a section listed in subsection (d) may, if otherwise eligible, be a member 

of the Reserve Forces Policy Board. 

(f) The Board shall act on those matters referred to it by the 

Chairman and, in addition, on any matter raised by a member of 

the Board. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 109–163, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(CC), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 514(a)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4211.) 

§ 10302. Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee 

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Army an Army 

Reserve Forces Policy Committee. The Committee shall review and 

comment upon major policy matters directly affecting the reserve 

components and the mobilization preparedness of the Army. The 

Committee’s comments on such policy matters shall accompany the 

final report regarding any such matters submitted to the Secretary 

of the Army and the Chief of Staff. 

(b) The Committee consists of officers in the grade of colonel 

or above, as follows: 

(1) five members of the Regular Army on duty with the 

Army General Staff; 

(2) five members of the Army National Guard of the 

United States not on active duty; and 

(3) five members of the Army Reserve not on active duty. 

(c) The members of the Committee shall select the Chairman 

from among the members on the Committee not on active duty. 

(d) A majority of the members of the Committee shall act 

whenever matter affecting both the Army National Guard of the 

United States and Army Reserve are being considered. However, 

when any matter solely affecting one of the reserve components of 

the Army is being considered, it shall be acted upon only by the 

Subcommittee on Army National Guard Policy or the Subcommittee on Army Reserve Policy, as appropriate. 

(e) The Subcommittee on Army National Guard Policy consists 

of the members of the Committee other than the Army Reserve 

members. 

(f) The Subcommittee on Army Reserve Policy consists of the 

members of the Committee other than the Army National Guard 

members. 

(g) Membership on the Committee is determined by the Secretary of the Army and is for a minimum period of three years. Except in the case of members of the Committee from the Regular 

Army, the Secretary of the Army, when appointing new members, 
2237 § 10305 CH. 1009—BOARDS AND COMMITTEES 

shall insure that among the officers of each component on the Committee there will at all times be two or more members with more 

than one year of continuous service on the Committee. 

(h) There shall be not less than 10 officers of the Army National Guard of the United States and the Army Reserve on duty 

with the Army Staff, one-half of whom shall be from each of those 

components. These officers shall be considered as additional members of the Army Staff while on that duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 161, Sec. 3033; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(17), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 90–168, Sec. 2(18), Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 524; renumbered Sec. 3021 and 

amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 501(a)(8), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1039; renumbered Sec. 

10302, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(2)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2981.) 

§ 10303. Navy Reserve Policy Board 

A Navy Reserve Policy Board shall be convened at least once 

annually at the seat of government to consider, recommend, and report to the Secretary of the Navy on reserve policy matters. At 

least half of the members of the Board must be officers of the Navy 

Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2981; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(DD), (3)(H), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 10304. Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board 

A Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board shall be convened at 

least once annually at the seat of government to consider, recommend, and report to the Secretary of the Navy on reserve policy 

matters. At least half of the members of the Board must be officers 

of the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2981.) 

§ 10305. Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee 

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force an 

Air Reserve Forces Policy Committee on Air National Guard and 

Air Force Reserve Policy. The Committee shall review and comment upon major policy matters directly affecting the reserve components and the mobilization preparedness of the Air Force. The 

Committee’s comments on such policy matters shall accompany the 

final report regarding any such matters submitted to the Secretary 

of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff. 

(b) The committee consists of officers in the grade of colonel or 

above, as follows: 

(1) five members of the Regular Air Force on duty with the 

Air Staff; 

(2) five members of the Air National Guard of the United 

States not on active duty; and 

(3) five members of the Air Force Reserve not on active 

duty. 

(c) The members of the Committee shall select the Chairman 

from among the members on the Committee not on active duty. 

(d) A majority of the members of the Committee shall act 

whenever matters affecting both the Air National Guard of the 

United States and Air Force Reserve are being considered. However, when any matter solely affecting one of the Air Force Reserve 

components is being considered, it shall be acted upon only by the 
§ 10305 CH. 1009—BOARDS AND COMMITTEES 2238 

Subcommittee on Air National Guard Policy or the Subcommittee 

on Air Force Reserve Policy, as appropriate. 

(e) The Subcommittee on Air National Guard Policy consists of 

the members of the Committee other than the Air Force Reserve 

members. 

(f) The Subcommittee on Air Force Reserve Policy consists of 

the members of the Committee other than the Air National Guard 

members. 

(g) Membership on the Air Staff Committee is determined by 

the Secretary of the Air Force and is for a minimum period of three 

years. Except in the case of members of the Committee from the 

Regular Air Force, the Secretary of the Air Force, when appointing 

new members, shall insure that among the officers of each component on the Committee there will at all times be two or more members with more than one year of continuous service on the Committee. 

(h) There shall be not less than 10 officers of the Air National 

Guard of the United States and the Air Force Reserve on duty with 

the Air Staff, one-half of whom shall be from each of those components. These officers shall be considered as additional members of 

the Air Staff while on that duty. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 491, Sec. 8033; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(17), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 90–168, Sec. 2(21), Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 525; renumbered Sec. 8021 and 

amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, Sec. 521(a)(6), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1059; renumbered Sec. 

10305, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(b)(2)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2981.) 
2239 

CHAPTER 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 

Sec. 

10501. National Guard Bureau. 

10502. Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; adviser on National 

Guard matters; grade; succession. 

10503. Functions of National Guard Bureau: charter. 

10504. Chief of National Guard Bureau: annual report. 

10505. Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau. 

10506. Other senior National Guard Bureau officers. 

10507. National Guard Bureau: assignment of officers of regular or reserve components. 

10508. National Guard Bureau: general provisions. 

§ 10501. National Guard Bureau 

(a) NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU.—There is in the Department of 

Defense the National Guard Bureau, which is a joint activity of the 

Department of Defense. 

(b) PURPOSES.—The National Guard Bureau is the channel of 

communications on all matters pertaining to the National Guard, 

the Army National Guard of the United States, and the Air National Guard of the United States between (1) the Department of 

the Army and Department of the Air Force, and (2) the several 

States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2824; amended Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. A, title XVIII, Sec. 1812(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 497.) 

§ 10502. Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; 

adviser on National Guard matters; grade; succession 

(a) APPOINTMENT.—There is a Chief of the National Guard Bureau, who is responsible for the organization and operations of the 

National Guard Bureau. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau 

is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 

of the Senate. Such appointment shall be made from officers of the 

Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National 

Guard of the United States who— 

(1) are recommended for such appointment by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the 

commanding general of the District of Columbia National 

Guard; 

(2) are recommended for such appointment by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force; 

(3) have had at least 10 years of federally recognized commissioned service in an active status in the National Guard; 

(4) are in a grade above the grade of brigadier general; 

(5) are determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty 

experience; 
§ 10502 CH. 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 2240 

(6) are determined by the Secretary of Defense to have 

successfully completed such other assignments and experiences 

so as to possess a detailed understanding of the status and capabilities of National Guard forces and the missions of the National Guard Bureau as set forth in section 10503 of this title; 

(7) have a level of operational experience in a position of 

significant responsibility, professional military education, and 

demonstrated expertise in national defense and homeland defense matters that are commensurate with the advisory role of 

the Chief of the National Guard Bureau; and 

(8) possess such other qualifications as the Secretary of 

Defense shall prescribe for purposes of this section. 

(b) TERM OF OFFICE.—(1) An officer appointed as Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau serves at the pleasure of the President for 

a term of four years. An officer may be reappointed as Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau. 

(2) Except as provided in section 14508(d) of this title, while 

holding the office of Chief of the National Guard Bureau, the Chief 

of the National Guard Bureau may not be removed from the reserve active-status list, or from an active status, under any provision of law that otherwise would require such removal due to completion of a specified number of years of service or a specified number of years of service in grade. 

(c) ADVISOR ON NATIONAL GUARD MATTERS.—The Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau is— 

(1) a principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense, through 

the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on matters involving 

non-federalized National Guard forces and on other matters as 

determined by the Secretary of Defense; and 

(2) the principal adviser to the Secretary of the Army and 

the Chief of Staff of the Army, and to the Secretary of the Air 

Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, on matters relating to the National Guard, the Army National Guard of the 

United States, and the Air National Guard of the United 

States. 

(d) GRADE.—The Chief of the National Guard Bureau shall be 

appointed to serve in the grade of general. 

(e) SUCCESSION.—(1) Unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense, the senior of the two officers specified in paragraph (2) shall serve as the acting Chief of the National Guard Bureau during any period that— 

(A) there is a vacancy in the position of Chief of the National Guard Bureau; or 

(B) the Chief is unable to perform the duties of that office. 

(2) The officers specified in this paragraph are the following: 

(A) The senior officer of the Army National Guard of the 

United States on duty with the National Guard Bureau. 

(B) The senior officer of the Air National Guard of the 

United States on duty with the National Guard Bureau. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2824; amended Pub. 

L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 507(a), (b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1876; Pub. L. 110–181, 

div. A, title XVIII, Secs. 1811, 1825(c)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 496, 502.) 
2241 § 10503 CH. 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 

§ 10503. Functions of National Guard Bureau: charter 

The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman 

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of the Army, and the Secretary of the Air Force, shall develop and prescribe a charter for 

the National Guard Bureau. The charter shall reflect the full scope 

of the duties and activities of the Bureau, including the following 

matters: 

(1) Allocating unit structure, strength authorizations, and 

other resources to the Army National Guard of the United 

States and the Air National Guard of the United States. 

(2) The role of the National Guard Bureau in support of 

the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(3) Prescribing the training discipline and training requirements for the Army National Guard and the Air National 

Guard and the allocation of Federal funds for the training of 

the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard. 

(4) Ensuring that units and members of the Army National 

Guard and the Air National Guard are trained by the States 

in accordance with approved programs and policies of, and 

guidance from, the Chief, the Secretary of the Army, and the 

Secretary of the Air Force. 

(5) Monitoring and assisting the States in the organization, maintenance, and operation of National Guard units so as 

to provide well-trained and well-equipped units capable of augmenting the active forces in time of war or national emergency. 

(6) Planning and administering the budget for the Army 

National Guard of the United States and the Air National 

Guard of the United States. 

(7) Supervising the acquisition and supply of, and accountability of the States for, Federal property issued to the National Guard through the property and fiscal officers designated, detailed, or appointed under section 708 of title 32. 

(8) Granting and withdrawing, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Federal recognition of (A) National 

Guard units, and (B) officers of the National Guard. 

(9) Establishing policies and programs for the employment 

and use of National Guard technicians under section 709 of 

title 32. 

(10) Supervising and administering the Active Guard and 

Reserve program as it pertains to the National Guard. 

(11) Issuing directives, regulations, and publications consistent with approved policies of the Army and Air Force, as 

appropriate. 

(12) Facilitating and supporting the training of members 

and units of the National Guard to meet State requirements. 

(13)(A) Assisting the Secretary of Defense in facilitating 

and coordinating with the entities listed in subparagraph (B) 

the use of National Guard personnel and resources for operations conducted under title 32, or in support of State missions. 

(B) The entities listed in this subparagraph for purposes of 

subparagraph (A) are the following: 

(i) Other Federal agencies. 
§ 10504 CH. 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 2242 

(ii) The Adjutants General of the States. 

(iii) The United States Joint Forces Command. 

(iv) The combatant command the geographic area of 

responsibility of which includes the United States. 

(14) Such other functions as the Secretary of Defense may 

prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2825; amended Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. A, title XVIII, Sec. 1813(a)–(c)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 497, 498.) 

§ 10504. Chief of National Guard Bureau: annual report 

(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Chief of the National Guard Bureau 

shall submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretaries 

of the Army and the Air Force, an annual report on the state of 

the National Guard and the ability of the National Guard to meet 

its missions. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the 

Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force and may 

be submitted in classified and unclassified versions. 

(b) SUBMISSION OF REPORT TO CONGRESS.—The Secretary of 

Defense shall transmit the annual report of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to Congress, together with such comments on 

the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall 

be transmitted at the same time each year that the annual report 

of the Secretary under section 113(c) of this title is submitted to 

Congress. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2825.) 

§ 10505. Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard 

Bureau 

(a) APPOINTMENT.—(1) There is a Director of the Joint Staff of 

the National Guard Bureau, selected by the Secretary of Defense 

from officers of the Army National Guard of the United States or 

the Air National Guard of the United States who— 

(A) are recommended for such appointment by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, 

the commanding general of the District of Columbia National 

Guard; 

(B) have had at least 10 years of federally recognized commissioned service in an active status in the National Guard; 

and 

(C) are in a grade above the grade of colonel. 

(2) The Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director 

of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau may not both be 

members of the Army or of the Air Force. 

(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an officer appointed as Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau 

serves for a term of four years, but may be removed from office at 

any time for cause. 

(B) The term of the Director of the Joint Staff of the National 

Guard Bureau shall end upon the appointment of a Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau who is a member of the same armed force 

as the Director. 

(4) The Secretary of Defense may waive the restrictions in 

paragraph (2) and the provisions of paragraph (3)(B) for a limited 

period of time to provide for the orderly transition of officers ap-
2243 § 10506 CH. 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 

pointed to serve in the positions of Chief of the National Guard 

Bureau and the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard 

Bureau. 

(b) DUTIES.—The Director of the Joint Staff of the National 

Guard Bureau performs such duties as may be prescribed by the 

Chief of the National Guard Bureau. 

(c) GRADE.—The Director of the Joint Staff of the National 

Guard Bureau shall be appointed to serve in the grade of major 

general. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2826; Pub. L. 108– 

375, div. A, title V, Secs. 507(c), 508(a)–(b)(3), (c)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1876, 1877.) 

§ 10506. Other senior National Guard Bureau officers 

(a) ADDITIONAL GENERAL OFFICERS.—(1) In addition to the 

Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director of the Joint 

Staff of the National Guard Bureau, there shall be assigned to the 

National Guard Bureau— 

(A) two general officers selected by the Secretary of the 

Army from officers of the Army National Guard of the United 

States who have been nominated by their respective Governors 

or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding 

general of the District of Columbia National Guard, the senior 

of whom shall be appointed in accordance with paragraph (3), 

shall hold the grade of lieutenant general while so serving, and 

shall serve as Director, Army National Guard, with the other 

serving as Deputy Director, Army National Guard; and 

(B) two general officers selected by the Secretary of the Air 

Force from officers of the Air National Guard of the United 

States who have been nominated by their respective Governors 

or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding 

general of the District of Columbia National Guard, the senior 

of whom shall be appointed in accordance with paragraph (3), 

shall hold the grade of lieutenant general while so serving, and 

shall serve as Director, Air National Guard, with the other 

serving as Deputy Director, Air National Guard. 

(2) The officers so selected shall assist the Chief of the National Guard Bureau in carrying out the functions of the National 

Guard Bureau as they relate to their respective branches. 

(3)(A) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the 

Senate, shall appoint the Director, Army National Guard, from 

general officers of the Army National Guard of the United States 

and shall appoint the Director, Air National Guard, from general 

officers of the Air National Guard of the United States. 

(B) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to 

the President for appointment as Director, Army National Guard, 

or as Director, Air National Guard, unless the officer— 

(i) is recommended by the Secretary of the military department concerned; and 

(ii) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process 

established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience. 

(C) An officer on active duty for service as the Director, Army 

National Guard, or the Director, Air National Guard, shall be 
§ 10507 CH. 1011—NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU 2244 

counted for purposes of the grade limitations under sections 525 

and 526 of this title. 

(D) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may 

waive clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Director, Army National Guard, or as Director, Air National Guard, if the Secretary of the military department 

concerned requests the waiver and, in the judgment of the Secretary of Defense— 

(i) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and 

(ii) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service. 

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. 

(E) The Director, Army National Guard, and the Director, Air 

National Guard, are appointed for a period of four years, but may 

be removed for cause at any time. An officer serving as either Director may be reappointed for one additional four-year period. 

(b) OTHER OFFICERS.—There are in the National Guard Bureau 

a legal counsel, a comptroller, and an inspector general, each of 

whom shall be appointed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. They shall perform such duties as the Chief may prescribe. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, Sec. 904(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2827; amended Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 554(f), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. 

A], title V, Sec. 507(e)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–105; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 501(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Secs. 508(b)(4), 

536(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1877, 1901.) 

§ 10507. National Guard Bureau: assignment of officers of 

regular or reserve components 

Except as provided in section 12402(b) of this title, the President may assign to duty in the National Guard Bureau as many 

regular or reserve officers of the Army or Air Force as he considers 

necessary. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(c)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2982; 

amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.) 

§ 10508. National Guard Bureau: general provisions 

The manpower requirements of the National Guard Bureau as 

a joint activity of the Department of Defense shall be determined 

in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XVIII, Sec. 1812(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 497.) 
2245 

CHAPTER 1013—BUDGET INFORMATION AND ANNUAL 

REPORTS TO CONGRESS 

Sec. 

10541. National Guard and reserve component equipment: annual report to 

Congress. 

10542. Army National Guard combat readiness: annual report. 

10543. National Guard and reserve component equipment procurement and military construction funding: inclusion in future-years defense program. 

§ 10541. National Guard and reserve component equipment: 

annual report to Congress 

(a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Congress each 

year, not later than February 15, a written report concerning the 

equipment of the National Guard and the reserve components of 

the armed forces for each of the three succeeding fiscal years. 

(b) Each report under this section shall include the following: 

(1) Recommendations as to the type and quantity of each 

major item of equipment which should be in the inventory of 

the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component of the armed forces. 

(2) A statement of the quantity and average age of each 

type of major item of equipment which is expected to be physically available in the inventory of the Selected Reserve of the 

Ready Reserve of each reserve component as of the beginning 

of each fiscal year covered by the report. 

(3) A statement of the quantity and cost of each type of 

major item of equipment which is expected to be procured for 

the Selective Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve 

component from commercial sources or to be transferred to 

each such Selected Reserve from the active-duty components of 

the armed forces. 

(4) A statement of the quantity of each type of major item 

of equipment which is expected to be retired, decommissioned, 

transferred, or otherwise removed from the physical inventory 

of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve 

component and the plans for replacement of that equipment. 

(5) A listing of each major item of equipment required by 

the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component indicating— 

(A) the full war-time requirement of that component 

for that item, shown in accordance with deployment schedules and requirements over successive 30-day periods following mobilization; 

(B) the number of each such item in the inventory of 

the component; 

(C) a separate listing of each such item in the inventory that is a deployable item and is not the most desired 

item; 
§ 10541 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 2246 

(D) the number of each such item projected to be in 

the inventory at the end of the third succeeding fiscal year; 

and 

(E) the number of nondeployable items in the inventory as a substitute for a required major item of equipment. 

(6) A narrative explanation of the plan of the Secretary 

concerned to provide equipment needed to fill the war-time requirement for each major item of equipment to all units of the 

Selected Reserve, including an explanation of the plan to equip 

units of the Selected Reserve that are short of major items of 

equipment at the outset of war. 

(7) For each item of major equipment reported under paragraph (3) in a report for one of the three previous years under 

this section as an item expected to be procured for the Selected 

Reserve or to be transferred to the Selected Reserve, the quantity of such equipment actually procured for or transferred to 

the Selected Reserve. 

(8) A statement of the current status of the compatibility 

of equipment between the Army reserve components and active 

forces of the Army, the effect of that level of incompatibility on 

combat effectiveness, and a plan to achieve full equipment 

compatibility. 

(9) An assessment of the extent to which the National 

Guard possesses the equipment required to perform the responsibilities of the National Guard pursuant to sections 331, 

332, 333, 12304(b), and 12406 of this title in response to an 

emergency or major disaster (as such terms are defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122)). Such assessment 

shall— 

(A) identify any shortfall in equipment provided to the 

National Guard by the Department of Defense throughout 

the United States and the territories and possessions of 

the United States that is likely to affect the ability of the 

National Guard to perform such responsibilities; 

(B) evaluate the effect of any such shortfall on the capacity of the National Guard to perform such responsibilities in response to an emergency or major disaster that 

occurs in the United States or a territory or possession of 

the United States; and 

(C) identify the requirements and investment strategies for equipment provided to the National Guard by the 

Department of Defense that are necessary to plan for a reduction or elimination of any such shortfall. 

(c) Each report under this section shall be expressed in the 

same format and with the same level of detail as the information 

presented in the annual Five Year Defense Program Procurement 

Annex prepared by the Department of Defense. 

(d) Each report under this section concerning equipment of the 

National Guard shall also include the following: 

(1) A statement of the accuracy of the projections required 

by subsection (b)(5)(D) contained in earlier reports under this 
2247 § 10542 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 

section, and an explanation, if the projection was not met, of 

why the projection was not met. 

(2) A certification from the Chief of the National Guard 

Bureau setting forth an inventory for the preceding fiscal year 

of each item of equipment— 

(A) for which funds were appropriated; 

(B) which was due to be procured for the National 

Guard during that fiscal year; and 

(C) which has not been received by a National Guard 

unit as of the close of that fiscal year. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1483(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1714, Sec. 115b; 

amended Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1134, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2541; renumbered 

Sec. 10541 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2982; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, Sec. 351(a), title XVIII, Sec. 1826, Jan. 28, 2008, 

122 Stat. 70, 503.) 

§ 10542. Army National Guard combat readiness: annual report 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army shall include in 

the annual report of the Secretary to Congress known as the Army 

Posture Statement a detailed presentation concerning the Army 

National Guard, including particularly information relating to the 

implementation of the Army National Guard Combat Readiness 

Reform Act of 1992 (title XI of Public Law 102–484; 106 Stat. 2536) 

(hereinafter in this section referred to as ‘‘ANGCRRA’’). 

(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED IN REPORT.—Each presentation 

under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to the period covered by the report, the following information concerning the Army 

National Guard: 

(1) The number and percentage of officers with at least two 

years of active-duty before becoming a member of the Army 

National Guard. 

(2) The number and percentage of enlisted personnel with 

at least two years of active-duty before becoming a member of 

the Army National Guard. 

(3) The number of officers who are graduates of one of the 

service academies and were released from active duty before 

the completion of their active-duty service obligation and, of 

those officers— 

(A) the number who are serving the remaining period 

of their active-duty service obligation as a member of the 

Selected Reserve pursuant to section 1112(a)(1) of 

ANGCRRA; and 

(B) the number for whom waivers were granted by the 

Secretary under section 1112(a)(2) of ANGCRRA, together 

with the reason for each waiver. 

(4) The number of officers who were commissioned as distinguished Reserve Officers’ Training Corps graduates and 

were released from active duty before the completion of their 

active-duty service obligation and, of those officers— 

(A) the number who are serving the remaining period 

of their active-duty service obligation as a member of the 

Selected Reserve pursuant to section 1112(a)(1) of 

ANGCRRA; and 
§ 10542 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 2248 

(B) the number for whom waivers were granted by the 

Secretary under section 1112(a)(2) of ANGCRRA, together 

with the reason for each waiver. 

(5) The number of officers who are graduates of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program and who are performing their minimum period of obligated service in accordance with section 1112(b) of ANGCRRA by a combination of (A) 

two years of active duty, and (B) such additional period of service as is necessary to complete the remainder of such obligation 

served in the National Guard and, of those officers, the number 

for whom permission to perform their minimum period of obligated service in accordance with that section was granted during the preceding fiscal year. 

(6) The number of officers for whom recommendations 

were made during the preceding fiscal year for a unit vacancy 

promotion to a grade above first lieutenant and, of those recommendations, the number and percentage that were concurred in by an active-duty officer under section 1113(a) of 

ANGCRRA, shown separately for each of the three categories 

of officers set forth in section 1113(b) of ANGCRRA. 

(7) The number of waivers during the preceding fiscal year 

under section 1114(a) of ANGCRRA of any standard prescribed 

by the Secretary establishing a military education requirement 

for noncommissioned officers and the reason for each such 

waiver. 

(8) The number and distribution by grade, shown for each 

State, of personnel in the initial entry training and 

nondeployability personnel accounting category established 

under section 1115 of ANGCRRA for members of the Army National Guard who have not completed the minimum training 

required for deployment or who are otherwise not available for 

deployment. 

(9) The number of members of the Army National Guard, 

shown for each State, that were discharged during the previous 

fiscal year pursuant to section 1115(c)(1) of ANGCRRA for not 

completing the minimum training required for deployment 

within 24 months after entering the National Guard. 

(10) The number of waivers, shown for each State, that 

were granted by the Secretary during the previous fiscal year 

under section 1115(c)(2) of ANGCRRA of the requirement in 

section 1115(c)(1) of ANGCRRA described in paragraph (9), together with the reason for each waiver. 

(11) The number of members, shown for each State, who 

were screened during the preceding fiscal year to determine 

whether they meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment and, of those members— 

(A) the number and percentage who did not meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment; 

and 

(B) the number and percentage who were transferred 

pursuant to section 1116 of ANGCRRA to the personnel 

accounting category described in paragraph (8). 

(12) The number of members, and the percentage of the 

total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each 
2249 § 10542 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 

State, who underwent a medical screening during the previous 

fiscal year as provided in section 1117 of ANGCRRA. 

(13) The number of members, and the percentage of the 

total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each 

State, who underwent a dental screening during the previous 

fiscal year as provided in section 1117 of ANGCRRA. 

(14) The number of members, and the percentage of the 

total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each 

State, over the age of 40 who underwent a full physical examination during the previous fiscal year for purposes of section 

1117 of ANGCRRA. 

(15) The number of units of the Army National Guard that 

are scheduled for early deployment in the event of a mobilization and, of those units, the number that are dentally ready for 

deployment in accordance with section 1118 of ANGCRRA. 

(16) The estimated post-mobilization training time for each 

Army National Guard combat unit, and a description, displayed in broad categories and by State, of what training 

would need to be accomplished for Army National Guard combat units in a post-mobilization period for purposes of section 

1119 of ANGCRRA. 

(17) A description of the measures taken during the preceding fiscal year to comply with the requirement in section 

1120 of ANGCRRA to expand the use of simulations, simulators, and advanced training devices and technologies for members and units of the Army National Guard. 

(18) Summary tables of unit readiness, shown for each 

State, and drawn from the unit readiness rating system as required by section 1121 of ANGCRRA, including the personnel 

readiness rating information and the equipment readiness assessment information required by that section, together with— 

(A) explanations of the information shown in the table; 

and 

(B) based on the information shown in the tables, the 

Secretary’s overall assessment of the deployability of units 

of the Army National Guard, including a discussion of personnel deficiencies and equipment shortfalls in accordance 

with such section 1121. 

(19) Summary tables, shown for each State, of the results 

of inspections of units of the Army National Guard by inspectors general or other commissioned officers of the Regular 

Army under the provisions of section 105 of title 32, together 

with explanations of the information shown in the tables, and 

including display of— 

(A) the number of such inspections; 

(B) identification of the entity conducting each inspection; 

(C) the number of units inspected; and 

(D) the overall results of such inspections, including 

the inspector’s determination for each inspected unit of 

whether the unit met deployability standards and, for 

those units not meeting deployability standards, the reasons for such failure and the status of corrective actions. 
§ 10543 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 2250 

(20) A listing, for each Army National Guard combat unit, 

of the active-duty combat unit associated with that Army National Guard unit in accordance with section 1131(a) of 

ANGCRRA, shown by State and to be accompanied, for each 

such National Guard unit, by— 

(A) the assessment of the commander of that associated active-duty unit of the manpower, equipment, and 

training resource requirements of that National Guard 

unit in accordance with section 1131(b)(3) of ANGCRRA; 

and 

(B) the results of the validation by the commander of 

that associated active-duty unit of the compatibility of that 

National Guard unit with active duty forces in accordance 

with section 1131(b)(4) of ANGCRRA. 

(21) A specification of the active-duty personnel assigned 

to units of the Selected Reserve pursuant to section 414(c) of 

the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 

and 1993 (10 U.S.C. 12001 note), shown (A) by State, (B) by 

rank of officers, warrant officers, and enlisted members assigned, and (C) by unit or other organizational entity of assignment. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1652, Sec. 3082; 

renumbered Sec. 10542 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(d)(3), Oct. 

5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2982; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(8), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 496; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1074(a)(21), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2660.) 

§ 10543. National Guard and reserve component equipment 

procurement and military construction funding: inclusion in future-years defense program 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall specify in 

each future-years defense program submitted to Congress under 

section 221 of this title the estimated expenditures and the proposed appropriations, for each fiscal year of the period covered by 

that program, for the procurement of equipment and for military 

construction for each of the reserve components of the armed 

forces. 

(b) ASSOCIATED ANNEXES.—The associated annexes of the future-years defense program shall specify, at the same level of detail 

as is set forth in the annexes for the active components, the 

amount requested for— 

(1) procurement of each item of equipment to be procured 

for each reserve component; and 

(2) each military construction project to be carried out for 

each reserve component, together with the location of the 

project. 

(c) REPORT.—(1) If the aggregate of the amounts specified in 

paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) for a fiscal year is less than 

the amount equal to 90 percent of the average authorized amount 

applicable for that fiscal year under paragraph (2), the Secretary 

of Defense shall submit to Congress a report specifying for each reserve component the additional items of equipment that would be 

procured, and the additional military construction projects that 

would be carried out, if that aggregate amount were an amount 

equal to such average authorized amount. The report shall be at 

the same level of detail as is required by subsection (b). 
2251 § 10543 CH. 1013—BUDGET INFO. & ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS 

(2) In this subsection, the term ‘‘average authorized amount’’, 

with respect to a fiscal year, means the average of— 

(A) the aggregate of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the preceding fiscal year for the procurement of 

items of equipment, and for military construction, for the reserve components; and 

(B) the aggregate of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year referred to 

in subparagraph (A) for the procurement of items of equipment, and for military construction, for the reserve components. 

(3) A report required under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year shall 

be submitted not later than 15 days after the date on which the 

President submits to Congress the budget for such fiscal year 

under section 1105(a) of title 31. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1257(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2699; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1009(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 106– 

398, Sec. 1 ((div. A), title IX, Sec. 931), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–237.) 

2253 

PART II—PERSONNEL GENERALLY 

Chap. Sec. 

1201. Authorized Strengths and Distribution in Grade ........ 12001 

1203. Enlisted Members ........................................................... 12101 

1205. Appointment of Reserve Officers ................................... 12201 

1207. Warrant Officers ............................................................. 12241 

1209. Active Duty ...................................................................... 12301 

1211. National Guard Members in Federal Service ............... 12401 

1213. Special Appointments, Assignments, Details, and 

Duties ........................................................................... 12501 

1214. Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance ............ 12521 

1215. Miscellaneous Prohibitions and Penalties .................... 12551 

1217. Miscellaneous Rights and Benefits ................................ 12601 

1219. Standards and Procedures for Retention and Promotion ................................................................................ 12641 

1221. Separation ....................................................................... 12681 

1223. Retired Pay for Non-Regular Service ............................ 12731 

1225. Retired Grade .................................................................. 12771 

2255 

CHAPTER 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS AND 

DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE 

Sec. 

12001. Authorized strengths: reserve components. 

12002. Authorized strengths: Army and Air Force reserve components, exclusive 

of members on active duty. 

12003. Authorized strengths: commissioned officers in an active status. 

12004. Strength in grade: reserve general and flag officers in an active status. 

12005. Strength in grade: commissioned officers in grades below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) in an active status. 

12006. Strength limitations: authority to waive in time of war or national emergency. 

12007. Reserve officers of the Army: distribution. 

12008. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: warrant officers. 

12009. Army and Air Force reserve components: temporary increases. 

12010. Computations for Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve: rule when 

fraction occurs in final result. 

12011. Authorized strengths: reserve officers on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National 

Guard. 

12012. Authorized strengths: senior enlisted members on active duty or on fulltime National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard. 

§ 12001. Authorized strengths: reserve components 

(a) Whenever the authorized strength of a reserve component 

(other than the Coast Guard Reserve) is not prescribed by law, it 

shall be prescribed by the President. 

(b) Subject to the authorized strength of the reserve component 

concerned, the authorized strength of each reserve component 

(other than the Coast Guard Reserve) in members in each grade is 

that which the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary to 

provide for mobilization requirements. The Secretary shall review 

these determinations at least once each year and revise them if he 

considers it necessary. However, a member of the reserve component concerned may not, as a result of such a determination, be reduced in the member’s reserve grade without the member’s consent. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2983.) 

§ 12002. Authorized strengths: Army and Air Force reserve 

components, exclusive of members on active duty 

(a) The authorized strengths of the National Guard and the reserve components of the Army and the Air Force, exclusive of members who are included in the strengths authorized for members of 

the Army and Air Force, respectively, on active duty, are as follows: 
§ 12003 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2256 

Army National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United 

States ..................................................................................................... 600,000

Army Reserve ............................................................................................ 980,000

Air National Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States 150,000

Air Force Reserve ..................................................................................... 500,000. 

(b) The strength authorized by this section for the Army National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United States, 

and the strength authorized by this section for the Air National 

Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States, shall be 

allocated among the States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2983.) 

§ 12003. Authorized strengths: commissioned officers in an 

active status 

(a) The authorized strengths of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and 

Marine Corps in reserve commissioned officers, other than commissioned warrant officers and officers on an active-duty list, in an active status are as follows: 

Army .......................................................................................................... 275,000

Air Force .................................................................................................... 200,000

Navy .......................................................................................................... 150,000

Marine Corps ............................................................................................ 24,500. 

(b) The authorized strengths prescribed by subsection (a) may 

not be exceeded unless— 

(1) the Secretary concerned determines that a greater 

number is necessary for planned mobilization requirements; or 

(2) the excess results directly from the operation of a nondiscretionary provision of law. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2984.) 

§ 12004. Strength in grade: reserve general and flag officers 

in an active status 

(a) The authorized strengths of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps in reserve general officers in an active status, and the 

authorized strength of the Navy in reserve officers in the grades of 

rear admiral (lower half) and rear admiral in an active status, are 

as follows: 

Army .......................................................................................................... 207

Air Force .................................................................................................... 157

Navy .......................................................................................................... 48

Marine Corps ............................................................................................ 10. 

(b) The following Army and Air Force reserve officers shall not 

be counted for purposes of this section: 

(1) Those serving as adjutants general or assistant adjutants general of a State. 

(2) Those serving in the National Guard Bureau. 

(3) Those counted under section 526 of this title. 

(4) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes 

of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers 

who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the 

number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the armed force concerned by subsection (a). 

(c)(1) The following Navy reserve officers shall not be counted 

for purposes of this section: 
2257 § 12005 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 

(A) Those counted under section 526 of this title. 

(B) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes 

of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers 

who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the 

number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the Navy in subsection (a). 

(2) Not more than 50 percent of the officers in an active status 

authorized under this section for the Navy may serve in the grade 

of rear admiral. 

(d) The following Marine Corps reserve officers shall not be 

counted for purposes of this section: 

(1) Those counted under section 526 of this title. 

(2) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes 

of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers 

who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the 

number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the Marine Corps in subsection (a). 

(e)(1) A reserve general officer of the Army or Air Force may 

not be reduced in grade because of a reduction in the number of 

general officers authorized under subsection (a). 

(2) An officer of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve 

may not be reduced in permanent grade because of a reduction in 

the number authorized by this section for his grade. 

(f) The limitations in subsection (a) do not apply to an officer 

released from a joint duty assignment or other non-joint active 

duty assignment, but only during the 60-day period beginning on 

the date the officer departs the joint duty or other active duty assignment. The Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of 

a military department to extend the 60-day period by an additional 

120 days, except that not more than three officers in an active status from each reserve component may be covered by an extension 

under this sentence at the same time. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2984; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(9), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 105– 

261, div. A, title IV, Sec. 415, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 1998; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, 

Secs. 512, 515(b)(1)(EE), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3232, 3233; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, 

Sec. 526, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4448; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(h), Oct. 28, 

2009, 123 Stat. 2276; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 511, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4210.) 

§ 12005. Strength in grade: commissioned officers in grades 

below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower 

half) in an active status 

(a)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the authorized strength of the 

Army and the Air Force in reserve commissioned officers in an active status in each grade named in paragraph (2) is as prescribed 

by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, respectively. A vacancy in any grade may be filled by an authorized 

appointment in any lower grade. 

(2) A strength prescribed by the Secretary concerned under 

paragraph (1) for a grade may not be higher than the percentage 

of the strength authorized for the Army or the Air Force, as the 

case may be, under section 12003 of this title that is specified for 

that grade as follows: 
§ 12005 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2258 

Grade Army 

percentage 

Air Force 

percentage 

Colonel ............................................................................. 2 1.8

Lieutenant colonel .......................................................... 6 4.6

Major ................................................................................ 13 14.0

Captain ............................................................................ 35 32.0

First lieutenant and second lieutenant (when combined with the number authorized for general officer grades under section 12004 of this title) ............ 44 47.6

(3) Medical officers and dental officers shall not be counted for 

the purposes of this subsection. 

(b)(1) The authorized strengths of the Navy Reserve in line officers in an active status in the grades of captain, commander, lieutenant commander, and lieutenant, and in the grades of lieutenant 

(junior grade) and ensign combined, are the following percentages 

of the total authorized number of those officers: 

Captain ................................................................................................... 1.5 percent

Commander ............................................................................................ 7 percent

Lieutenant commander ......................................................................... 22 percent

Lieutenant .............................................................................................. 37 percent

Lieutenant (junior grade) and ensign (when combined with the 

number authorized for flag officer grades under section 12004 of 

this title) ............................................................................................. 32.5 percent. 

(2) When the actual number of line officers in an active status 

in any grade is less than the number authorized by paragraph (1) 

for that grade, the difference may be applied to increase the number authorized by that paragraph for any lower grade or grades. 

(c)(1) The authorized strengths of the Marine Corps Reserve in 

officers in an active status in the grades of colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, and captain, and in the grades of first lieutenant and 

second lieutenant combined, are the following percentages of the 

total authorized number of those officers: 

Colonel .................................................................................................... 2 percent

Lieutenant colonel ................................................................................. 8 percent

Major ....................................................................................................... 16 percent

Captain ................................................................................................... 39 percent

First lieutenant and second lieutenant (when combined with the 

number authorized for general officer grades under section 12004 

of this title) ......................................................................................... 35 percent. 

(2) When the actual number of officers in an active status in 

any grade is less than the number authorized by paragraph (1) for 

that grade, the difference may be applied to increase the number 

authorized by that paragraph for any lower grade or grades. 

(d)(1) An officer of the Army or Air Force may not be reduced 

in grade because of a reduction in the number of commissioned officers authorized for the officer’s grade under this section. 

(2) An officer of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve 

may not be reduced in permanent grade because of a reduction in 

the number authorized by this section for his grade. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2985; amended 

Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title IV, Sec. 423], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–96; 

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 504, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1875; Pub. L. 109–163, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(FF), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
2259 § 12009 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 

§ 12006. Strength limitations: authority to waive in time of 

war or national emergency 

(a) In time of war, or of national emergency declared by Congress or the President, the President may suspend the operation of 

any provision of section 12003, 12004, or 12005 of this title. So long 

as any such war or national emergency continues, any such suspension may be extended by the President. 

(b) Any suspension under subsection (a) shall, if not sooner 

ended, end on the last day of the two-year period beginning on the 

date on which the suspension (or the last extension thereof) takes 

effect or on the last day of the one-year period beginning on the 

date of the termination of the war or national emergency, whichever occurs first. With respect to the end of any such suspension, 

the preceding sentence supersedes the provisions of title II of the 

National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1621, 1622) which provide 

that powers or authorities exercised by reason of a national emergency shall cease to be exercised after the date of termination of 

the emergency. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2986.) 

§ 12007. Reserve officers of the Army: distribution 

The Secretary of the Army shall distribute the number of reserve commissioned officers, other than commissioned warrant officers, authorized in each commissioned grade between those assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units and those not 

assigned to such units. The Secretary shall distribute the number 

who are assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units 

among the units of each reserve component by prescribing appropriate tables of organization and tables of distribution. The Secretary shall distribute the number who are not assigned to such 

units between— 

(1) each special branch; and 

(2) all other branches taken together. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2986.) 

§ 12008. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: warrant officers 

The Secretary of the Army may prescribe the authorized 

strength of the Army Reserve in warrant officers. The Secretary of 

the Air Force may prescribe the authorized strength of the Air 

Force Reserve in warrant officers. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2987.) 

§ 12009. Army and Air Force reserve components: temporary 

increases 

(a) The authorized strength in any reserve grade, as prescribed 

under this chapter, for any reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force 

is automatically increased to the minimum extent necessary to give 

effect to each appointment made in that grade under section 

1211(a), 3036, 14304(b), 14314, or 14317 of this title. 

(b) An authorized strength so increased is increased for no 

other purpose. While an officer holds that grade, the officer whose 
§ 12010 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2260 

appointment caused the increase is counted for the purpose of determining when other appointments, not under those sections, may 

be made in that grade. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2987.) 

§ 12010. Computations for Navy Reserve and Marine Corps 

Reserve: rule when fraction occurs in final result 

When there is a fraction in the final result of any computation 

under this chapter for the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve, a fraction of one-half or more is counted as one, and a fraction of less than one-half is disregarded. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2987; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(GG), (3)(I), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, 3234.) 

§ 12011. Authorized strengths: reserve officers on active 

duty or on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard 

(a) LIMITATIONS.—(1) Of the total number of members of a reserve component who are serving on full-time reserve component 

duty at the end of any fiscal year, the number of those members 

who may be serving in each of the grades of major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed 

the number determined in accordance with the following table: 

Total number of members of a 

reserve component serving on 

full-time reserve component 

duty: 

Number of officers of that reserve component who may be 

serving in the grade of: 

Major Lieutenant Colonel Colonel 

Army Reserve: 

10,000 ................................. 1,390 740 230 

11,000 ................................. 1,529 803 242 

12,000 ................................. 1,668 864 252 

13,000 ................................. 1,804 924 262 

14,000 ................................. 1,940 984 272 

15,000 ................................. 2,075 1,044 282 

16,000 ................................. 2,210 1,104 291 

17,000 ................................. 2,345 1,164 300 

18,000 ................................. 2,479 1,223 309 

19,000 ................................. 2,613 1,282 318 

20,000 ................................. 2,747 1,341 327 

21,000 ................................. 2,877 1,400 336 

Army National Guard: 

20,000 ................................. 1,500 850 325 

22,000 ................................. 1,650 930 350 

24,000 ................................. 1,790 1,010 378 

26,000 ................................. 1,930 1,085 395 

28,000 ................................. 2,070 1,168 420 

30,000 ................................. 2,200 1,245 445 

32,000 ................................. 2,330 1,315 460 

34,000 ................................. 2,450 1,385 470 

36,000 ................................. 2,570 1,455 480 

38,000 ................................. 2,670 1,527 490 

40,000 ................................. 2,770 1,590 500 

42,000 ................................. 2,837 1,655 505 

Marine Corps Reserve: 

1,000 ................................... 99 63 20 

1,200 ................................... 103 67 21 
2261 § 12011 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 

Total number of members of a 

reserve component serving on 

full-time reserve component 

duty: 

Number of officers of that reserve component who may be 

serving in the grade of: 

Major Lieutenant Colonel Colonel 

1,300 ................................... 107 70 22 

1,400 ................................... 111 73 23 

1,500 ................................... 114 76 24 

1,600 ................................... 117 79 25 

1,700 ................................... 120 82 26 

1,800 ................................... 123 85 27 

1,900 ................................... 126 88 28 

2,000 ................................... 129 91 29 

2,100 ................................... 132 94 30 

2,200 ................................... 134 97 31 

2,300 ................................... 136 100 32 

2,400 ................................... 138 103 33 

2,500 ................................... 140 106 34 

2,600 ................................... 142 109 35 

Air Force Reserve: 

500 ...................................... 83 85 50 

1,000 ................................... 155 165 95 

1,500 ................................... 220 240 135 

2,000 ................................... 285 310 170 

2,500 ................................... 350 369 203 

3,000 ................................... 413 420 220 

3,500 ................................... 473 464 230 

4,000 ................................... 530 500 240 

4,500 ................................... 585 529 247 

5,000 ................................... 638 550 254 

5,500 ................................... 688 565 261 

6,000 ................................... 735 575 268 

7,000 ................................... 770 595 280 

8,000 ................................... 805 615 290 

10,000 ................................. 835 635 300 

Air National Guard: 

5,000 ................................... 333 335 251 

6,000 ................................... 403 394 260 

7,000 ................................... 472 453 269 

8,000 ................................... 539 512 278 

9,000 ................................... 606 571 287 

10,000 ................................. 673 665 313 

11,000 ................................. 740 759 339 

12,000 ................................. 807 827 353 

13,000 ................................. 873 886 363 

14,000 ................................. 939 945 374 

15,000 ................................. 1,005 1,001 384 

16,000 ................................. 1,067 1,057 394 

17,000 ................................. 1,126 1,113 404 

18,000 ................................. 1,185 1,169 414 

19,000 ................................. 1,235 1,224 424 

20,000 ................................. 1,283 1,280 428 . 

(2) Of the total number of members of the Navy Reserve who 

are serving on full-time reserve component duty at the end of any 

fiscal year, the number of those members who may be serving in 

each of the grades of lieutenant commander, commander, and captain may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed the number 

determined in accordance with the following table: 
§ 12011 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2262 

Total number of members of 

Naval Reserve serving on fulltime reserve component duty: 

Number of officers who may be serving in the grade of: 

Lieutenant 

commander Commander Captain 

10,000 ................................. 807 447 141 

11,000 ................................. 867 467 153 

12,000 ................................. 924 485 163 

13,000 ................................. 980 503 173 

14,000 ................................. 1,035 521 183 

15,000 ................................. 1,088 538 193 

16,000 ................................. 1,142 555 203 

17,000 ................................. 1,195 565 213 

18,000 ................................. 1,246 575 223 

19,000 ................................. 1,291 585 233 

20,000 ................................. 1,334 595 242 

21,000 ................................. 1,364 603 250 

22,000 ................................. 1,384 610 258 

23,000 ................................. 1,400 615 265 

24,000 ................................. 1,410 620 270 . 

(b) DETERMINATIONS BY INTERPOLATION.—If the total number 

of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve 

component duty is between any two consecutive numbers in the 

first column of the appropriate table in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), the corresponding authorized strengths for each of the 

grades shown in that table for that component are determined by 

mathematical interpolation between the respective numbers of the 

two strengths. If the total number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is more or less 

than the highest or lowest number, respectively, set forth in the 

first column of the appropriate table in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall fix the corresponding 

strengths for the grades shown in that table at the same proportion 

as is reflected in the nearest limit shown in the table. 

(c) REALLOCATIONS TO LOWER GRADES.—Whenever the number 

of officers serving in any grade for duty described in subsection (a) 

is less than the number authorized for that grade under this section, the difference between the two numbers may be applied to increase the number authorized under this section for any lower 

grade. 

(d) SECRETARIAL WAIVER.—(1) Upon determining that it is in 

the national interest to do so, the Secretary of Defense may increase for a particular fiscal year the number of reserve officers 

that may be on full-time reserve component duty for a reserve component in a grade referred to in a table in subsection (a) by a number that does not exceed the number equal to 5 percent of the maximum number specified for the grade in that table. 

(2) Whenever the Secretary exercises the authority provided in 

paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 

Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives notice in writing of the adjustment made. 

(e) FULL-TIME RESERVE COMPONENT DUTY DEFINED.—In this 

section, the term ‘‘full-time reserve component duty’’ means the following duty: 
2263 § 12012 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 

(1) Active duty described in sections 10211, 10302, 10303, 

10304, 10305, 12310, or 12402 of this title. 

(2) Full-time National Guard duty (other than for training) 

under section 502(f) of title 32, except for duty under section 

115(b)(1)(B) and (C) of this title and section 115(i)(9) of this 

title. 

(3) Active duty described in section 708 of title 32. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–513, title I, Sec. 103, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2844, Sec. 524; amended Pub. 

L. 97–86, title V, Sec. 503(b), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 97–252, title V, Sec. 503(b), 

Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 98–94, title V, Sec. 503(b), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 631; 

Pub. L. 98–525, title IV, Sec. 413(b), 414(a)(4)(A), (B)(i), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2518, 2519; Pub. 

L. 99–145, title IV, Sec. 413(b), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 619; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title IV, 

Sec. 413(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1083; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title IV, Sec. 413(b), Nov. 

29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, Sec. 413(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 

1352; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IV, Sec. 413(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1642; renumbered 

Sec. 12011 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2988; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IV, Sec. 414(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 288; Pub. L. 

105–261, div. A, title IV, Sec. 414(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 1998; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title 

IV, Sec. 414(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title IV, Secs. 

415(a), 421(b), 424(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–94 to 1654A–96; Pub. L. 107–107, 

div. A, title IV, Sec. 415(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title IV, 

Sec. 416(h), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1869; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(HH), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 512(a), (b), Oct. 14, 2008, 

122 Stat. 4439.) 

§ 12012. Authorized strengths: senior enlisted members on 

active duty or on full-time National Guard duty for 

administration of the reserves or the National 

Guard 

(a) LIMITATIONS.—Of the total number of members of a reserve 

component who are serving on full-time reserve component duty at 

the end of any fiscal year, the number of those members in each 

of pay grades of E–8 and E–9 who may be serving on active duty 

under section 10211 or 12310, or on full-time National Guard duty 

under the authority of section 502(f) of title 32 (other than for 

training) in connection with organizing, administering, recruiting, 

instructing, or training the reserve components or the National 

Guard may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed the number 

determined in accordance with the following table: 

Total number of members of a reserve component 

serving on full-time reserve component duty: 

Number of members of that reserve component who may be serving in the grade of: 

E–8 E–9 

Army Reserve: 

10,000 ............................................................ 1,052 154 

11,000 ............................................................ 1,126 168 

12,000 ............................................................ 1,195 180 

13,000 ............................................................ 1,261 191 

14,000 ............................................................ 1,327 202 

15,000 ............................................................ 1,391 213 

16,000 ............................................................ 1,455 224 

17,000 ............................................................ 1,519 235 

18,000 ............................................................ 1,583 246 

19,000 ............................................................ 1,647 257 

20,000 ............................................................ 1,711 268 

21,000 ............................................................ 1,775 278 

Army National Guard: 

20,000 ............................................................ 1,650 550 

22,000 ............................................................ 1,775 615 
§ 12012 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2264 

Total number of members of a reserve component 

serving on full-time reserve component duty: 

Number of members of that reserve component who may be serving in the grade of: 

E–8 E–9 

24,000 ............................................................ 1,950 645 

26,000 ............................................................ 2,100 675 

28,000 ............................................................ 2,250 715 

30,000 ............................................................ 2,400 735 

32,000 ............................................................ 2,500 760 

34,000 ............................................................ 2,600 780 

36,000 ............................................................ 2,700 800 

38,000 ............................................................ 2,800 820 

40,000 ............................................................ 2,900 830 

42,000 ............................................................ 3,000 840 

Navy Reserve: 

10,000 ............................................................ 340 143 

11,000 ............................................................ 364 156 

12,000 ............................................................ 386 169 

13,000 ............................................................ 407 182 

14,000 ............................................................ 423 195 

15,000 ............................................................ 435 208 

16,000 ............................................................ 447 221 

17,000 ............................................................ 459 234 

18,000 ............................................................ 471 247 

19,000 ............................................................ 483 260 

20,000 ............................................................ 495 273 

21,000 ............................................................ 507 286 

22,000 ............................................................ 519 299 

23,000 ............................................................ 531 312 

24,000 ............................................................ 540 325 

Marine Corps Reserve: 

1,100 .............................................................. 50 11 

1,200 .............................................................. 55 12 

1,300 .............................................................. 60 13 

1,400 .............................................................. 65 14 

1,500 .............................................................. 70 15 

1,600 .............................................................. 75 16 

1,700 .............................................................. 80 17 

1,800 .............................................................. 85 18 

1,900 .............................................................. 89 19 

2,000 .............................................................. 93 20 

2,100 .............................................................. 96 21 

2,200 .............................................................. 99 22 

2,300 .............................................................. 101 23 

2,400 .............................................................. 103 24 

2,500 .............................................................. 105 25 

2,600 .............................................................. 107 26 

Air Force Reserve: 

500 ................................................................. 75 40 

1,000 .............................................................. 145 75 

1,500 .............................................................. 208 105 

2,000 .............................................................. 270 130 

2,500 .............................................................. 325 150 

3,000 .............................................................. 375 170 

3,500 .............................................................. 420 190 

4,000 .............................................................. 460 210 

4,500 .............................................................. 495 230 

5,000 .............................................................. 530 250 

5,500 .............................................................. 565 270 
2265 § 12012 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 

Total number of members of a reserve component 

serving on full-time reserve component duty: 

Number of members of that reserve component who may be serving in the grade of: 

E–8 E–9 

6,000 .............................................................. 600 290 

7,000 .............................................................. 670 330 

8,000 .............................................................. 740 370 

10,000 ............................................................ 800 400 

Air National Guard: 

5,000 .............................................................. 1,020 405 

6,000 .............................................................. 1,070 435 

7,000 .............................................................. 1,120 465 

8,000 .............................................................. 1,170 490 

9,000 .............................................................. 1,220 510 

10,000 ............................................................ 1,270 530 

11,000 ............................................................ 1,320 550 

12,000 ............................................................ 1,370 570 

13,000 ............................................................ 1,420 589 

14,000 ............................................................ 1,470 608 

15,000 ............................................................ 1,520 626 

16,000 ............................................................ 1,570 644 

17,000 ............................................................ 1,620 661 

18,000 ............................................................ 1,670 678 

19,000 ............................................................ 1,720 695 

20,000 ............................................................ 1,770 712 . 

(b) DETERMINATIONS BY INTERPOLATION.—If the total number 

of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve 

component duty is between any two consecutive numbers in the 

first column of the table in subsection (a), the corresponding authorized strengths for each of the grades shown in that table for 

that component are determined by mathematical interpolation between the respective numbers of the two strengths. If the total 

number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is more or less than the highest or lowest 

number, respectively, set forth in the first column of the table in 

subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall fix the corresponding 

strengths for the grades shown in the table at the same proportion 

as is reflected in the nearest limit shown in the table. 

(c) REALLOCATIONS TO LOWER GRADE.—Whenever the number 

of members serving in pay grade E–9 for duty described in subsection (a) is less than the number authorized for that grade under 

this section, the difference between the two numbers may be applied to increase the number authorized under this section for pay 

grade E–8. 

(d) SECRETARIAL WAIVER.—(1) Upon determining that it is in 

the national interest to do so, the Secretary of Defense may increase for a particular fiscal year the number of reserve enlisted 

members that may be on active duty or full-time National Guard 

duty as described in subsection (a) for a reserve component in a 

pay grade referred to in a table in subsection (a) by a number that 

does not exceed the number equal to 5 percent of the maximum 

number specified for that grade and reserve component in the 

table. 

(2) Whenever the Secretary exercises the authority provided in 

paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
§ 12012 CH. 1201—AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS & DISTRIB. IN GRADE 2266 

Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives notice in writing of the adjustment made. 

(e) FULL-TIME RESERVE COMPONENT DUTY DEFINED.—In this 

section, the term ‘‘full-time reserve component duty’’ has the meaning given the term in section 12011(e) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2987; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IV, Sec. 414(b), title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(10), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 

288, 496; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IV, Sec. 414(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 1998; 106–65, 

div. A, title IV, Sec. 414(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title 

IV, Secs. 415(b), 421(c), 424(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–94, to 1654A–96; Pub. L. 

107–107, div. A, title IV, Sec. 415(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1084(d)(34), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2063; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(II), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 512(c), Oct. 

14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4440.) 
2267 

CHAPTER 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 

Sec. 

12101. Definition. 

12102. Reserve components: qualifications. 

12103. Reserve components: terms. 

12104. Reserve components: transfers. 

12105. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: transfer from Guard components. 

12106. Army and Air Force Reserve: transfer to upon withdrawal as member of 

National Guard. 

12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United 

States: enlistment in. 

12108. Enlisted members: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age. 

§ 12101. Definition 

In this chapter, the term ‘‘enlistment’’ means original enlistment or reenlistment. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988.) 

§ 12102. Reserve components: qualifications 

(a) To become an enlisted member of a reserve component a 

person must be enlisted as a Reserve of an armed force and subscribe to the oath prescribed by section 502 of this title, or be 

transferred to that component according to law. In addition, to become an enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the 

United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, he 

must meet the requirements of section 12107 of this title. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned shall prescribe physical, mental, moral, professional, and 

age qualifications for the enlistment of persons as Reserves of the 

armed forces under his jurisdiction. However, no person may be enlisted as a Reserve unless— 

(1) he is a citizen of the United States or has been lawfully 

admitted to the United States for permanent residence under 

the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or 

(2) he has previously served in the armed forces or in the 

National Security Training Corps. 

(c) A person who is otherwise qualified, but who has a physical 

defect that the Secretary concerned determines will not interfere 

with the performance of the duties to which that person may be assigned, may be enlisted as a Reserve of any armed force under the 

jurisdiction of that Secretary. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 17, Sec. 510; Pub. L. 88–236, Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 474; 

Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(2), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 90–623, Sec. 2(3), Oct. 22, 1968, 

82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(13), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered 

Sec. 12102 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1631(a), 1662(b)(2), 1675(a), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2964, 2989, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(a)(5)(A), 

Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495.) 
§ 12103 CH. 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 2268 

§ 12103. Reserve components: terms 

(a) Except as otherwise prescribed by law, enlistments as Reserves are for terms prescribed by the Secretary concerned. However, an enlistment that is in effect at the beginning of a war or 

of a national emergency declared by Congress, or entered into during such a war or emergency, and that would otherwise expire, continues in effect until the expiration of six months after the end of 

that war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by the Secretary concerned. 

(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to 

the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, 

a person who is qualified for enlistment for active duty in an armed 

force, and who is not under orders to report for induction into an 

armed force under the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. 

App. 451 et seq.), may be enlisted as a Reserve for service in the 

Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve, for a term of not less than six years 

nor more than eight years. Each person enlisted under this subsection shall serve— 

(1) on active duty for a period of not less than two years; 

and 

(2) the rest of his period of enlistment as a member of the 

Ready Reserve. 

(c) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress the term of service of an enlisted member transferred to a reserve component according to law, that would otherwise expire, 

continues until the expiration of six months after the end of that 

war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by 

the Secretary concerned. 

(d) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 

Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a 

non-prior-service person who is qualified for induction for active 

duty in an armed force and who is not under orders to report for 

induction into an armed force under the Military Selective Service 

Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.), except as provided in section 

6(c)(2)(A)(ii) and (iii) of such Act, may be enlisted in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, or as a Reserve for service 

in the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine 

Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve, for a term of not less than 

six years nor more than eight years. Each person enlisted under 

this subsection shall perform an initial period of active duty for 

training of not less than twelve weeks to commence insofar as practicable within one year after the date of that enlistment. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 18, Sec. 511; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(8), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 

Stat. 1439; Pub. L. 88–110, Sec. 3, Sept. 3, 1963, 77 Stat. 135; Pub. L. 90–168, Sec. 2(11), Dec. 

1, 1967, 81 Stat. 523; Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, Sec. 802(a), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 537; Pub. 

L. 95–485, title IV, Sec. 405(c)(1), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1615; Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, Sec. 

805(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 812; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(14), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 

2921; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, Sec. 1115(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 

1(6), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1289; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1022(a)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 

670; renumbered Sec. 12103, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 

108 Stat. 2989; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. 

L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 533(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2547; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(JJ), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.) 
2269 § 12106 CH. 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 

§ 12104. Reserve components: transfers 

(a) A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred 

to a reserve component under section 651 of this title or under the 

Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be enlisted in any armed 

force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized 

for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be enlisted as a Reserve of an armed 

force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of 

his participation shall be credited against the total period of service 

required of him under section 651 of this title or under the Military 

Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once. 

(b) A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest 

of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is 

so enlisted or in any other armed force in which he is later enlisted 

or appointed. 

(c) This section does not change any term of service under an 

appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement 

made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 18, Sec. 512; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(15), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered Sec. 12104, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(2), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2989.) 

§ 12105. Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: transfer from 

Guard components 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary concerned may 

prescribe— 

(1) an enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the 

United States may be transferred in grade to the Army Reserve; and 

(2) an enlisted member of the Air National Guard of the 

United States may be transferred in grade to the Air Force Reserve. 

(b) Upon such a transfer, the member transferred is eligible for 

promotion to the highest regular or reserve grade ever held by him 

in the Army, if transferred under subsection (a)(1), or the Air 

Force, if transferred under subsection (a)(2), if his service has been 

honorable. 

(c) A transfer under this section may only be made with the 

consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State 

concerned. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988.) 

§ 12106. Army and Air Force Reserve: transfer to upon withdrawal as member of National Guard 

(a) An enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the 

United States who ceases to be a member of the Army National 

Guard becomes a member of the Army Reserve unless he is also 

discharged from his enlistment as a Reserve. 

(b) An enlisted member of the Air National Guard of the 

United States who ceases to be a member of the Air National 
§ 12107 CH. 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 2270 

Guard becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve unless he is 

also discharged from his enlistment as a Reserve. 

(c) An enlisted member who becomes a member of the Army 

Reserve or the Air Force Reserve under this section ceases to be 

a member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the 

Air National Guard of the United States, as the case may be. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2989.) 

§ 12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National 

Guard of the United States: enlistment in 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), to become an enlisted 

member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the 

Air National Guard of the United States, a person must— 

(1) be enlisted in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be; 

(2) subscribe to the oath set forth in section 304 of title 32; 

and 

(3) be a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, 

as the case may be, in the grade in which he is to be enlisted 

as a Reserve. 

(b)(1) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of 

the Army, a person who enlists in the Army National Guard, or 

whose term of enlistment in the Army National Guard is extended, 

shall be concurrently enlisted, or his term of enlistment shall be 

concurrently extended, as the case may be, as a Reserve of the 

Army for service in the Army National Guard of the United States. 

(2) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Air Force, a person who enlists in the Air National Guard, or 

whose term of enlistment in the Air National Guard is extended, 

shall be concurrently enlisted, or his term of enlistment shall be 

concurrently extended, as the case may be, as a Reserve of the Air 

Force for service in the Air National Guard of the United States. 

(c)(1) A member of the Army Reserve who enlists in the Army 

National Guard in his reserve grade, and is a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Army National Guard, 

becomes a member of the Army National Guard of the United 

States and ceases to be a member of the Army Reserve. 

(2) A member of the Air Force Reserve who enlists in the Air 

National Guard in his reserve grade, and is a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Air National Guard, becomes a member of the Air National Guard of the United States 

and ceases to be a member of the Air Force Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2989.) 

§ 12108. Enlisted members: discharge or retirement for 

years of service or for age 

Each reserve enlisted member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, 

or Marine Corps who is in an active status and has reached the 

maximum years of service or age prescribed by the Secretary concerned shall— 

(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the member is 

qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance 
2271 § 12108 CH. 1203—ENLISTED MEMBERS 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to 

be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or 

(2) be discharged if the member is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance with 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be so 

transferred. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, title V, Sec. 517(f)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1095.) 
2272 

CHAPTER 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

Sec. 

12201. Reserve officers: qualifications for appointment. 

12202. Commissioned officer grades. 

12203. Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; term. 

12204. Commissioned officers: original appointment; limitation. 

12205. Commissioned officers: appointment; educational requirement. 

12206. Commissioned officers: appointment of former commissioned officers. 

12207. Commissioned officers: service credit upon original appointment. 

12208. Officers: appointment upon transfer. 

12209. Officer candidates: enlisted Reserves. 

12210. Attending Physician to the Congress: reserve grade. 

12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States. 

12212. Officers: Air National Guard of the United States. 

12213. Officers; Army Reserve: transfer from Army National Guard of the 

United States. 

12214. Officers; Air Force Reserve: transfer from Air National Guard of the 

United States. 

12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant 

adjutants general. 

§ 12201. Reserve officers: qualifications for appointment 

(a)(1) To become an officer of a reserve component a person 

must be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force in a grade corresponding to a grade authorized for the regular component of the 

armed force concerned and, except as provided in paragraph (2), 

subscribe to the oath prescribed by section 3331 of title 5. In addition, to become an officer of the Army National Guard of the 

United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, he 

must first be appointed to, and be federally recognized in, the same 

grade in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as 

the case may be. 

(2) If an officer is transferred from the active-duty list of an 

armed force to a reserve active-status list of an armed force in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

the officer is not required to subscribe to the oath referred to in 

paragraph (1) in order to qualify for an appointment under that 

paragraph. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned shall prescribe physical, mental, moral, professional, and 

age qualifications for the appointment of persons as Reserves of the 

armed forces under his jurisdiction. However, no person may be appointed as a Reserve unless he is at least 18 years of age and— 

(1) he is a citizen of the United States or has been lawfully 

admitted to the United States for permanent residence under 

the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or 

(2) he has previously served in the armed forces or in the 

National Security Training Corps. 

(c) A person who is otherwise qualified, but who has a physical 

defect that the Secretary concerned determines will not interfere 

with the performance of the duties to which that person may be as-
2273 § 12204 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

signed, may be appointed as a Reserve of any armed force under 

the jurisdiction of that Secretary. 

(d) In prescribing age qualifications under subsection (b) for 

the appointment of persons as Reserves of the armed forces under 

his jurisdiction, the Secretary concerned may not prescribe a maximum age qualification of less than 47 years of age for the initial 

appointment of a person as a Reserve to serve in a health profession specialty which has been designated by the Secretary concerned as a specialty critically needed in wartime. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 24, Sec. 591; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(10)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 88–236, Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 4, Nov. 2, 1966, 

80 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(3), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 96–513, title V Sec. 

511(16), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, Sec. 718(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 

101 Stat. 1115; renumbered Sec. 12201 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1631(b), 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2964, 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1501(a)(5)(B), (b)(11)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495, 496; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 

501(c)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 515, Jan. 7, 2011, 

124 Stat. 4213.) 

§ 12202. Commissioned officer grades 

Except for commissioned warrant officers, the reserve commissioned officer grades in each armed force are those authorized for 

regular commissioned officers of that armed force. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(10)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1440, Sec. 592; renumbered Sec. 

12202, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.) 

§ 12203. Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; 

term 

(a) Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades of 

lieutenant colonel and commander or below, except commissioned 

warrant officer, shall be made by the President alone. Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades above lieutenant 

colonel and commander shall be made by the President, by and 

with the advice and consent of the Senate, except as provided in 

section 624, 12213, or 12214 of this title. 

(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President, the Secretary concerned may appoint as a reserve commissioned officer any regular officer transferred from the active-duty 

list of an armed force to the reserve active-status list of a reserve 

component under section 647 of this title, notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (a). 

(c) Appointments of Reserves in commissioned grades are for 

an indefinite term and are held during the pleasure of the President. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, Sec. 593; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(10)(C), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 92–129, title VI, Sec. 601, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 96–513, 

title V, Sec. 501(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2907; renumbered Sec. 12203 and amended Pub. L. 

103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1632, 1662(c)(2), 1675(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990, 

3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(a)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 

108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(c)(4), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1075(b)(54), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372.) 

§ 12204. Commissioned officers: original appointment; limitation 

(a) No person may be appointed as a Reserve in a commissioned grade above major or lieutenant commander, unless— 

(1) he was formerly a commissioned officer of an armed 

force; or 
§ 12205 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 2274 

(2) such an appointment is recommended by a board of officers convened by the Secretary concerned. 

(b) This section does not apply to adjutants general and assistant adjutants general of the several States, Puerto Rico, and the 

District of Columbia. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, Sec. 594; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 

1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered Sec. 12204, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 12205. Commissioned officers: appointment; educational 

requirement 

(a) IN GENERAL.—No person may be appointed to a grade 

above the grade of first lieutenant in the Army Reserve, Air Force 

Reserve, or Marine Corps Reserve or to a grade above the grade 

of lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy Reserve, or be federally 

recognized in a grade above the grade of first lieutenant as a member of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard, unless that 

person has been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying 

educational institution. 

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—Subsection (a) does not apply to the following: 

(1) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of 

a person who is appointed in or assigned for service in a health 

profession for which a baccalaureate degree is not a condition 

of original appointment or assignment. 

(2) The appointment in the Navy Reserve or Marine Corps 

Reserve of a person appointed for service as an officer designated as a limited duty officer. 

(3) The appointment in the Navy Reserve of a person appointed for service under the Naval Aviation Cadet (NAVCAD) 

program or the Seaman to Admiral program. 

(4) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of 

any person who was appointed to, or federally recognized in, 

the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant before October 1, 1995. 

(5) Recognition in the grade of captain or major in the 

Alaska Army National Guard of a person who resides permanently at a location in Alaska that is more than 50 miles from 

each of the cities of Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau, Alaska, by paved road and who is serving in a Scout unit or a 

Scout supporting unit. 

(c) QUALIFYING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.—(1) A qualifying 

educational institution for purposes of this section is an educational 

institution that is accredited or that meets the requirements of 

paragraph (2). 

(2)(A) An unaccredited educational institution shall be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of the 

appointment or recognition of a person who is a graduate of that 

institution if the Secretary concerned determines that (as of the 

year of the graduation of that person from that institution) at least 

three educational institutions that are accredited and that maintain Reserve Officers’ Training Corps programs each generally 

grant baccalaureate degree credit for completion of courses of the 

unaccredited institution equivalent to the baccalaureate degree 
2275 § 12206 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

credit granted by the unaccredited institution for the completion of 

those courses. 

(B) In order to assist the Secretary concerned in making determinations under subparagraph (A), any unaccredited institution 

that seeks to be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary 

of Defense each year such information as the Secretary may require concerning the program of instruction at that institution. 

(C) In the case of a person with a degree from an unaccredited 

institution that is a qualifying educational institution under this 

paragraph, the degree may not have been awarded more than eight 

years before the date on which the person is to be appointed to, or 

recognized in, the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant, in order for that person to be considered for purposes of subsection (a) to have been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying educational institution. 

(d) WAIVER AUTHORITY FOR ARMY OCS GRADUATES AND CERTAIN MARINE CORPS OFFICERS.—(1) The Secretary of the Army may 

waive the applicability of subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Army as a Reserve officer is through the 

Army Officer Candidate School program. 

(2) The Secretary of the Navy may waive the applicability of 

subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Marine Corps as a Reserve officer is through the Marine Corps meritorious commissioning program. 

(3) Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual circumstances of the officer involved, and 

may continue in effect for no more than two years after the waiver 

is granted. The Secretary concerned may provide for such a waiver 

to be effective before the date of the waiver, as appropriate in an 

individual case. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2406, Sec. 596; 

renumbered Sec. 12205 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 519, 520, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2755, 2990; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Secs. 504, 

505, title X, Sec. 1074(a)(22), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2512, 2660; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 512(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(KK), 

Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 12206. Commissioned officers: appointment of former commissioned officers 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a 

person who is a former commissioned officer may, if otherwise 

qualified, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps. A person so appointed— 

(1) may be placed on the reserve active-status list of that 

armed force in the grade equivalent to the permanent regular 

or reserve grade, and in the same competitive category, in 

which the person previously served satisfactorily on active duty 

or in an active status; and 

(2) may be credited for the purpose of determining date of 

rank under section 741(d) of this title with service in grade 

equal to that held by that person when discharged or separated. 

(Added Sec. 596a and renumbered Sec. 12206, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1633, 

1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990.) 
§ 12207 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 2276 

§ 12207. Commissioned officers: service credit upon original 

appointment 

(a)(1) For the purpose of determining the grade and the rank 

within grade of a person receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) in the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, the person 

shall be credited at the time of the appointment with any commissioned service (other than service as a commissioned warrant officer) performed before such appointment as a regular officer, or as 

a reserve officer in an active status, in any armed force, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the Public 

Health Service. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations, which 

shall apply uniformly among the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, to authorize the Secretary of the military department 

concerned to limit the amount of prior commissioned service with 

which a person receiving an original appointment may be credited 

under paragraph (1), or to deny any such credit, in the case of a 

person who at the time of such appointment is credited with constructive service under subsection (b). 

(b)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a person who is receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or a designation in, or an assignment to, an officer category in which advanced 

education or training is required and who has advanced education 

or training, shall be credited with constructive service for such education, training, or experience, as follows: 

(A) One year for each year of advanced education beyond 

the baccalaureate degree level, for persons appointed or designated in, or assigned to, officer categories requiring such advanced education or an advanced degree as a prerequisite for 

such appointment, designation, or assignment. In determining 

the number of years of constructive service to be credited 

under this subparagraph to officers in any professional field, 

the Secretary concerned shall credit an officer with, but with 

not more than, the number of years of advanced education required by a majority of institutions that award degrees in that 

professional field for completion of the advanced education or 

award of the advanced degree. 

(B)(i) Credit for any period of advanced education in a 

health profession (other than medicine and dentistry) beyond 

the baccalaureate degree level which exceeds the basic education criteria for such appointment, designation, or assignment, if such advanced education will be directly used by the 

armed force concerned. 

(ii) Credit for experience in a health profession (other than 

medicine or dentistry), if such experience will be directly used 

by the armed force concerned. 

(C) Additional credit of (i) not more than one year for internship or equivalent graduate medical, dental, or other formal health professional training required by the armed forces, 

and (ii) not more than one year for each additional year of such 
2277 § 12207 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

graduate-level training or experience creditable toward certification in a speciality required by the armed force concerned. 

(D) Additional credit, in unusual cases, based on special 

experience in a particular field. 

(E) Additional credit for experience as a physician or dentist, if appointed, assigned, or designated as a medical or dental officer. 

(2)(A) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number 

of officers in a health profession described in subparagraph (B) who 

are serving in an active status in a reserve component of the Army, 

Navy, or Air Force in grades below major or lieutenant commander 

is critically below the number needed in such health profession by 

such reserve component in such grades, the Secretary of Defense 

may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned 

to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment as 

an officer for service in such health profession with a period of constructive credit in such amount (in addition to any amount credited 

such person under paragraph (1)) as will result in the grade of such 

person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, 

lieutenant. 

(B) The types of health professions referred to in subparagraph 

(A) include the following: 

(i) Any health profession performed by officers in the Medical Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air 

Force designated as a medical officer. 

(ii) Any health profession performed by officers in the Dental Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air 

Force designated as a dental officer. 

(iii) Any health profession performed by officers in the 

Medical Service Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers 

of the Air Force designated as a medical service officer or biomedical sciences officer. 

(iv) Any health profession performed by officers in the 

Army Medical Specialist Corps. 

(v) Any health profession performed by officers of the 

Nurse Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air 

Force designated as a nurse. 

(vi) Any health profession performed by officers in the Veterinary Corps of the Army or by officers designated as a veterinary officer. 

(3) Except as authorized by the Secretary concerned in individual cases and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of 

Defense in the case of officers covered by paragraph (2), the 

amount of constructive service credited an officer under this subsection may not exceed the amount required in order for the officer 

to be eligible for an original appointment as a reserve officer of the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major or as a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of lieutenant commander. 

(4) Constructive service credited an officer under this subsection is in addition to any service credited that officer under subsection (a) and shall be credited at the time of the original appointment of the officer or assignment to or designation in an officer category in which advanced education or training or special experience 

is required. 
§ 12208 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 2278 

(c) Constructive service may not be credited under subsection 

(b) for education, training, or experience obtained while serving as 

a commissioned officer (other than a warrant officer) on active duty 

or in an active status. However, in the case of an officer who completes advanced education or receives an advanced degree while on 

active duty or in an active status and in less than the number of 

years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree, constructive service may, subject to 

regulations prescribed under subsection (a)(2), be credited to the officer under subsection (b)(1)(A) to the extent that the number of 

years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree exceeds the actual number of years in 

which such advanced education or degree is obtained by the officer. 

(d) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of 

qualified judge advocates serving on the active-duty list of the 

Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in grades below lieutenant 

commander or major is critically below the number needed by that 

armed force in those grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit 

any person who is receiving an original appointment with a view 

to assignment to the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the Army 

or appointment to the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the Navy, 

or who is receiving an original appointment in the Air Force or Marine Corps with a view to designation as a judge advocate, with a 

period of constructive service in such an amount (in addition to any 

amount credited such person under subsection (b)) as will result in 

the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the 

Navy, lieutenant, and the date of rank of such person being junior 

to that of all other officers of the same grade serving on the activeduty list. 

(e) Constructive service credited an officer under subsection (b) 

or (d) shall be used only for determining the officer’s— 

(1) initial grade as a reserve officer; 

(2) rank in grade; and 

(3) service in grade for promotion eligibility. 

(f) The grade and position on the reserve active-status list of 

a person receiving an appointment as a reserve officer who at the 

time of appointment is credited with service under this section 

shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of Defense based upon the amount of service credited. 

(Added Sec. 596b and renumbered Sec. 12207, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1634, 

1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(LL), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 512, Jan. 28, 

2008, 122 Stat. 98.) 

§ 12208. Officers: appointment upon transfer 

(a) A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred 

to a reserve component under section 651 of this title or under the 

Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be appointed as an officer 

of any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two 

Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the 
2279 § 12211 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

total period of service required of him under section 651 of this title 

or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et 

seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once. 

(b) A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest 

of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is 

so appointed or in any other armed force in which he is later appointed or enlisted. 

(c) This section does not change any term of service under an 

appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement 

made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, Sec. 595; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(17), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered Sec. 12208, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(2), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.) 

§ 12209. Officer candidates: enlisted Reserves 

(a) Within such numbers as the Secretary concerned may prescribe, enlisted Reserves may, with their consent, be selected for 

training as officer candidates. Enlisted Reserves so selected shall 

be designated as officer candidates during that training. However, 

no member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the 

Air National Guard of the United States may be so selected or designated unless— 

(1) he is on active duty; or 

(2) the governor or other appropriate authority of the jurisdiction concerned consents. 

(b) The enlistment or term of service of a Reserve who is designated as an officer candidate under this section is extended to include any period, beyond its normal expiration date, during which 

he is an officer candidate. 

(c) While he is on active duty, other than active duty for training without pay, or performing authorized travel to and from that 

duty, an officer candidate designated under this section is entitled 

to the pay and allowances of his enlisted grade, but not less than 

those prescribed for pay grade E–2. 

(d) An officer candidate designated under this section may not 

participate in the program of a reserve officer training corps of any 

armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 26, Sec. 600; renumbered Sec. 12209, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1501(b)(12)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.) 

§ 12210. Attending Physician to the Congress: reserve grade 

While serving as Attending Physician to the Congress, a Reserve holds the reserve grade of major general or rear admiral, as 

appropriate. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(d)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3867, Sec. 

600a; renumbered Sec. 12210, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 

108 Stat. 2990; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(12)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 

110 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 507(a)(2)(A), (B), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 

2180.) 

§ 12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States 

(a) Upon being federally recognized, an officer of the Army National Guard shall be appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in the grade 
§ 12212 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 2280 

that he holds in the Army National Guard. However, an officer of 

the Army Reserve who is federally recognized as an officer of the 

Army National Guard becomes an officer of the Army National 

Guard of the United States and ceases to be an officer of the Army 

Reserve. The acceptance of an appointment as a Reserve for service 

as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States by 

an officer of the Army National Guard does not vacate his office in 

the Army National Guard. 

(b) When an officer of the Army National Guard to whom temporary Federal recognition has been extended is appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the 

United States, his appointment shall bear the date of the temporary recognition and shall be considered to have been accepted 

and effective on that date. 

(c) When the Army National Guard of the United States is ordered to active duty, any officer of the Army National Guard who 

is not a Reserve of the Army may be appointed by the President 

as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard 

of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Army National Guard. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 193, Sec. 3351; renumbered Sec. 12211, Pub. L. 103–337, 

div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, 

Sec. 1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.) 

§ 12212. Officers: Air National Guard of the United States 

(a) Upon being federally recognized, an officer of the Air National Guard shall be appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in the grade 

that he holds in the Air National Guard. However, an officer of the 

Air Force Reserve who is federally recognized as an officer of the 

Air National Guard becomes an officer of the Air National Guard 

of the United States and ceases to be an officer of the Air Force 

Reserve. The acceptance of an appointment as a Reserve for service 

as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States by an 

officer of the Air National Guard does not vacate his office in the 

Air National Guard. 

(b) When an officer of the Air National Guard to whom temporary Federal recognition has been extended is appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the 

United States, his appointment shall bear the date of the temporary recognition and shall be considered to have been accepted 

and effective on that date. 

(c) When the Air National Guard of the United States is ordered to active duty, any officer of the Air National Guard who is 

not a Reserve of the Air Force may be appointed by the President 

as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard 

of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Air National 

Guard. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 519, Sec. 8351; renumbered Sec. 12212, Pub. L. 103–337, 

div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, 

Sec. 1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.) 
2281 § 12215 CH. 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS 

§ 12213. Officers; Army Reserve: transfer from Army National Guard of the United States 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Army may 

prescribe, and with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned, an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to 

the Army Reserve. 

(b) Unless discharged from his appointment as a Reserve, an 

officer of the Army National Guard of the United States whose 

Federal recognition as a member of the Army National Guard is 

withdrawn becomes a member of the Army Reserve. An officer who 

so becomes a member of the Army Reserve ceases to be a member 

of the Army National Guard of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 194, Sec. 3352; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(80)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1468; Pub. L. 86–559, Sec. 1(7), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, 

title XII, Sec. 1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered Sec. 12213 and amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1636(a), 1662(c)(3), 1675(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

2968, 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(13)(A), (14), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 496.) 

§ 12214. Officers; Air Force Reserve: transfer from Air National Guard of the United States 

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Air Force 

may prescribe, and with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned, an officer of the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to 

the Air Force Reserve. 

(b) Unless discharged from his appointment as a Reserve, an 

officer of the Air National Guard of the United States whose Federal recognition as a member of the Air National Guard is withdrawn becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve. An officer who 

so becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve ceases to be a member of the Air National Guard of the United States. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 520, Sec. 8352; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 126, Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 

2059; renumbered Sec. 12214 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(3), 

1675(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.) 

§ 12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants 

general and assistant adjutants general 

(a) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of 

the Army National Guard of a State may, upon being extended 

Federal recognition, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army 

as of the date on which he is so recognized. 

(b) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of 

the Air National Guard of a State may be appointed in the reserve 

commissioned grade in which Federal recognition in the Air National Guard is extended to him. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.) 
2282 

CHAPTER 1207—WARRANT OFFICERS 

Sec. 

12241. Warrant officers: grades; appointment, how made; term. 

12242. Warrant officers: promotion. 

12243. Warrant officers: suspension of laws for promotion or mandatory retirement or separation during war or emergency. 

12244. Warrant officers: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age. 

§ 12241. Warrant officers: grades; appointment, how made; 

term 

(a) The permanent reserve warrant officer grades in each 

armed force are those prescribed for regular warrant officers by 

section 571(a) of this title. 

(b) Appointments in permanent reserve warrant officer grades 

shall be made in the same manner as is prescribed for regular warrant officer grades by section 571(b) of this title. 

(c) Appointments as Reserves in permanent warrant officer 

grades are for an indefinite term and are held during the pleasure 

of the Secretary concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 26, Sec. 597; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, Sec. 531(b), Nov. 8, 

1985, 99 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1131(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1505; 

renumbered Sec. 12241, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2991; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4207.) 

§ 12242. Warrant officers: promotion 

The promotion of permanent reserve warrant officers not on 

the warrant officer active-duty list to permanent reserve warrant 

officer grades shall be governed by such regulations as the Secretary concerned may prescribe. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 26, Sec. 598; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1131(3), 

Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1505; renumbered Sec. 12242, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2991.) 

§ 12243. Warrant officers: suspension of laws for promotion 

or mandatory retirement or separation during war 

or emergency 

In time of war, or of emergency declared after May 29, 1954, 

by Congress or the President, the President may suspend the operation of any provision of law relating to promotion, or mandatory 

retirement or separation, of permanent reserve warrant officers of 

any armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 26, Sec. 599; renumbered Sec. 12243, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2991.) 

§ 12244. Warrant officers: discharge or retirement for years 

of service or for age 

Each reserve warrant officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or 

Marine Corps who is in an active status and has reached the max-
2283 § 12244 CH. 1207—WARRANT OFFICERS 

imum years of service or age prescribed by the Secretary concerned 

shall— 

(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the warrant officer is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or 

(2) be discharged if the warrant officer is not qualified for 

transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to 

be so transferred. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 517(e)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1095.) 
2284 

CHAPTER 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

Sec. 

12301. Reserve components generally. 

12302. Ready Reserve. 

12303. Ready Reserve: members not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily 

in, units. 

12304. Selected Reserve and certain Individual Ready Reserve members; order 

to active duty other than during war or national emergency. 

12305. Authority of President to suspend certain laws relating to promotion, retirement, and separation. 

12306. Standby Reserve. 

12307. Retired Reserve. 

12308. Retention after becoming qualified for retired pay. 

12309. Reserve officers: use of in expansion of armed forces. 

12310. Reserves: for organizing, administering, etc., reserve components. 

12311. Active duty agreements. 

12312. Active duty agreements: release from duty. 

12313. Reserves: release from active duty. 

12314. Reserves: kinds of duty. 

12315. Reserves: duty with or without pay. 

12316. Payment of certain Reserves while on duty. 

12317. Reserves: theological students; limitations. 

12318. Reserves on active duty: duties; funding. 

12319. Ready Reserve: muster duty. 

12320. Reserve officers: grade in which ordered to active duty. 

12321. Reserve Officer Training Corps units: limitation on number of Reserves 

assigned. 

12322. Active duty for health care. 

§ 12301. Reserve components generally 

(a) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress, or when otherwise authorized by law, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the consent of the 

persons affected, order any unit, and any member not assigned to 

a unit organized to serve as a unit, of a reserve component under 

the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for the duration of 

the war or emergency and for six months thereafter. However a 

member on an inactive status list or in a retired status may not 

be ordered to active duty under this subsection unless the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in 

the case of the Secretary of a military department, determines that 

there are not enough qualified Reserves in an active status or in 

the inactive National Guard in the required category who are readily available. 

(b) At any time, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the consent of the persons affected, order any 

unit, and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as 

a unit, in an active status in a reserve component under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for not more than 15 days 

a year. However, units and members of the Army National Guard 

of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United 

States may not be ordered to active duty under this subsection 
2285 § 12301 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

without the consent of the governor of the State (or, in the case of 

the District of Columbia National Guard, the commanding general 

of the District of Columbia National Guard). 

(c) So far as practicable, during any expansion of the active 

armed forces that requires that units and members of the reserve 

components be ordered to active duty as provided in subsection (a), 

members of units organized and trained to serve as units who are 

ordered to that duty without their consent shall be so ordered with 

their units. However, members of those units may be reassigned 

after being so ordered to active duty. 

(d) At any time, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may order a member of a reserve component under his jurisdiction to active duty, or retain him on active duty, with the consent of that member. However, a member of the Army National 

Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the 

United States may not be ordered to active duty under this subsection without the consent of the governor or other appropriate 

authority of the State concerned. 

(e) The period of time allowed between the date when a Reserve ordered to active duty as provided in subsection (a) is alerted 

for that duty and the date when the Reserve is required to enter 

upon that duty shall be determined by the Secretary concerned 

based upon military requirements at that time. 

(f) The consent of a Governor described in subsections (b) and 

(d) may not be withheld (in whole or in part) with regard to active 

duty outside the United States, its territories, and its possessions, 

because of any objection to the location, purpose, type, or schedule 

of such active duty. 

(g)(1) A member of a reserve component may be ordered to active duty without his consent if the Secretary concerned determines 

that the member is in a captive status. A member ordered to active 

duty under this section may not be retained on active duty, without 

his consent, for more than 30 days after his captive status is terminated. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to 

carry out this section. Such regulations shall apply uniformly 

among the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. A 

determination for the purposes of this subsection that a member is 

in a captive status shall be made pursuant to such regulations. 

(3) In this section, the term ‘‘captive status’’ means the status 

of a member of the armed forces who is in a missing status (as defined in section 551(2) of title 37) which occurs as the result of a 

hostile action and is related to the member’s military status. 

(h)(1) When authorized by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department may, with the consent of the member, order a member of a reserve component to active duty— 

(A) to receive authorized medical care; 

(B) to be medically evaluated for disability or other purposes; or 

(C) to complete a required Department of Defense health 

care study, which may include an associated medical evaluation of the member. 

(2) A member ordered to active duty under this subsection 

may, with the member’s consent, be retained on active duty, if the 
§ 12302 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2286 

Secretary concerned considers it appropriate, for medical treatment 

for a condition associated with the study or evaluation, if that 

treatment of the member is otherwise authorized by law. 

(3) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States may be ordered to 

active duty under this subsection only with the consent of the Governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 27, Sec. 672; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(13), 33(a)(5), Sept. 2, 

1958, 72 Stat. 1440, 1564; Pub. L. 96–357, Sec. 6, Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1182; Pub. L. 96– 

584, Sec. 1, Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3377; Pub. L. 99–500, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9122], Oct. 

18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–127, and Pub. L. 99–591, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9122], 

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–127; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 522, 524(a), 

Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3871; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1234(a)(1), (2), Sept. 29, 

1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered Sec. 12301 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, 

Sec. 512, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 514(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 

118 Stat. 1882.) 

§ 12302. Ready Reserve 

(a) In time of national emergency declared by the President 

after January 1, 1953, or when otherwise authorized by law, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the 

consent of the persons concerned, order any unit, and any member 

not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit, in the Ready 

Reserve under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for 

not more than 24 consecutive months. 

(b) To achieve fair treatment as between members in the 

Ready Reserve who are being considered for recall to duty without 

their consent, consideration shall be given to— 

(1) the length and nature of previous service, to assure 

such sharing of exposure to hazards as the national security 

and military requirements will reasonably allow; 

(2) family responsibilities; and 

(3) employment necessary to maintain the national health, 

safety, or interest. 

The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such policies and procedures as he considers necessary to carry out this subsection. He 

shall report on those policies and procedures at least once a year 

to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. 

(c) Not more than 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve 

may be on active duty, without their consent, under this section at 

any one time. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 28, Sec. 673; Pub. L. 85–861, Secs. 1(14), 33(a)(5), Sept. 2, 

1958, 72 Stat. 1441, 1564; Pub. L. 93–155, title III, Sec. 303(a), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 607; 

renumbered Sec. 12302, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2992; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1031(a)(61), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 

514(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1883.) 

§ 12303. Ready Reserve; members not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily in, units 

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President 

may order to active duty any member of the Ready Reserve of an 

armed force who— 

(1) is not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily in, a 

unit of the Ready Reserve; 
2287 § 12304 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

(2) has not fulfilled his statutory reserve obligation; and 

(3) has not served on active duty for a total of 24 months. 

(b) A member who is ordered to active duty under this section 

may be required to serve on active duty until his total service on 

active duty equals 24 months. If his enlistment or other period of 

military service would expire before he has served the required period under this section, it may be extended until he has served the 

required period. 

(c) To achieve fair treatment among members of the Ready Reserve who are being considered for active duty under this section, 

appropriate consideration shall be given to— 

(1) family responsibilities; and 

(2) employment necessary to maintain the national health, 

safety, or interest. 

(Added Pub. L. 90–40, Sec. 6(1), June 30, 1967, 81 Stat. 105, Sec. 673a; renumbered Sec. 12303, 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12304. Selected Reserve and certain Individual Ready Reserve members; order to active duty other than 

during war or national emergency 

(a) AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding the provisions of section 

12302(a) or any other provision of law, when the President determines that it is necessary to augment the active forces for any 

operational mission or that it is necessary to provide assistance referred to in subsection (b), he may authorize the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 

Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, 

without the consent of the members concerned, to order any unit, 

and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit 

of the Selected Reserve (as defined in section 10143(a) of this title), 

or any member in the Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category and designated as essential under regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary concerned, under their respective jurisdictions, to active duty for not more than 365 days. 

(b) SUPPORT FOR RESPONSES TO CERTAIN EMERGENCIES.—The 

authority under subsection (a) includes authority to order a unit or 

member to active duty to provide assistance in responding to an 

emergency involving— 

(1) a use or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction; or 

(2) a terrorist attack or threatened terrorist attack in the 

United States that results, or could result, in significant loss 

of life or property. 

(c) LIMITATIONS.—(1) No unit or member of a reserve component may be ordered to active duty under this section to perform 

any of the functions authorized by chapter 15 or section 12406 of 

this title or, except as provided in subsection (b), to provide assistance to either the Federal Government or a State in time of a serious natural or manmade disaster, accident, or catastrophe. 

(2) Not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve 

and the Individual Ready Reserve may be on active duty under this 

section at any one time, of whom not more than 30,000 may be 

members of the Individual Ready Reserve. 
§ 12304 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2288 

(3) No unit or member of a reserve component may be ordered 

to active duty under this section to provide assistance referred to 

in subsection (b) unless the President determines that the requirements for responding to an emergency referred to in that subsection have exceeded, or will exceed, the response capabilities of 

local, State, and Federal civilian agencies. 

(d) EXCLUSION FROM STRENGTH LIMITATIONS.—Members ordered to active duty under this section shall not be counted in computing authorized strength in members on active duty or members 

in grade under this title or any other law. 

(e) POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.—The Secretary of Defense and 

the Secretary of Homeland Security shall prescribe such policies 

and procedures for the armed forces under their respective jurisdictions as they consider necessary to carry out this section. 

(f) NOTIFICATION OF CONGRESS.—Whenever the President authorizes the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland Security to order any unit or member of the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve to active duty, under the authority of subsection (a), he shall, within 24 hours after exercising such authority, submit to Congress a report, in writing, setting forth the circumstances necessitating the action taken under this section and 

describing the anticipated use of these units or members. 

(g) TERMINATION OF DUTY.—Whenever any unit of the Selected 

Reserve or any member of the Selected Reserve not assigned to a 

unit organized to serve as a unit, or any member of the Individual 

Ready Reserve, is ordered to active duty under authority of subsection (a), the service of all units or members so ordered to active 

duty may be terminated by— 

(1) order of the President, or 

(2) law. 

(h) RELATIONSHIP TO WAR POWERS RESOLUTION.—Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as amending or limiting 

the application of the provisions of the War Powers Resolution (50 

U.S.C. 1541 et seq.). 

(i) CONSIDERATIONS FOR INVOLUNTARY ORDER TO ACTIVE

DUTY.—(1) In determining which members of the Selected Reserve 

and Individual Ready Reserve will be ordered to duty without their 

consent under this section, appropriate consideration shall be given 

to— 

(A) the length and nature of previous service, to assure 

such sharing of exposure to hazards as the national security 

and military requirements will reasonably allow; 

(B) the frequency of assignments during service career; 

(C) family responsibilities; and 

(D) employment necessary to maintain the national health, 

safety, or interest. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such policies and 

procedures as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out this 

subsection. 

(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category’’ means, in the case of any reserve component, the category of the Individual Ready Reserve described in section 

10144(b) of this title. 
2289 § 12306 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

(2) The term ‘‘weapon of mass destruction’’ has the meaning given that term in section 1403 of the Defense Against 

Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 2302(1)). 

(Added Pub. L. 94–286, Sec. 1, May 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 517, Sec. 673b; amended Pub. L. 96– 

584, Sec. 2, Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3377; Pub. L. 97–295, Sec. 1(9), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1289; 

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, Sec. 521, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3870; renumbered Sec. 12304 

and amended, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(a), title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(2), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2752, 2992, 3017; Pub. L. 105–85, title V, Sec. 511(b)–(e)(1), Nov. 18, 

1997, 111 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2005; 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 107–314, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 514(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2539; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 514(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 

118 Stat. 1883; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 522, title X, Sec. 1076(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 

120 Stat. 2192, 2406; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, Secs. 1063(a)(15), 1068(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 

122 Stat. 322, 326.) 

§ 12305. Authority of President to suspend certain laws relating to promotion, retirement, and separation 

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during any period members of a reserve component are serving on active duty 

pursuant to an order to active duty under authority of section 

12301, 12302, or 12304 of this title, the President may suspend any 

provision of law relating to promotion, retirement, or separation 

applicable to any member of the armed forces who the President 

determines is essential to the national security of the United 

States. 

(b) A suspension made under the authority of subsection (a) 

shall terminate (1) upon release from active duty of members of the 

reserve component ordered to active duty under the authority of 

section 12301, 12302, or 12304 of this title, as the case may be, or 

(2) at such time as the President determines the circumstances 

which required the action of ordering members of the reserve component to active duty no longer exist, whichever is earlier. 

(c) Upon the termination of a suspension made under the authority of subsection (a) of a provision of law otherwise requiring 

the separation or retirement of officers on active duty because of 

age, length of service or length of service in grade, or failure of selection for promotion, the Secretary concerned shall extend by up 

to 90 days the otherwise required separation or retirement date of 

any officer covered by the suspended provision whose separation or 

retirement date, but for the suspension, would have been before the 

date of the termination of the suspension or within 90 days after 

the date of such termination. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1021(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 670, Sec. 673c; amended 

Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(16), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2622; renumbered Sec. 12305 

and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2992, 3017; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1090.) 

§ 12306. Standby Reserve 

(a) Units and members in the Standby Reserve may be ordered 

to active duty only as provided in section 12301 of this title, but 

subject to the limitations in subsection (b). 

(b) In time of emergency— 

(1) no unit in the Standby Reserve organized to serve as 

a unit or any member thereof may be ordered to active duty 

under section 12301(a) of this title, unless the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in the 

case of a Secretary of a military department, determines that 
§ 12307 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2290 

there are not enough of the required kinds of units in the 

Ready Reserve that are readily available; and 

(2) notwithstanding section 12301(a) of this title, no other 

member in the Standby Reserve may be ordered to active duty 

as an individual under such section without his consent, unless 

the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of 

Defense in the case of a Secretary of a military department, determines that there are not enough qualified members in the 

Ready Reserve in the required category who are readily available. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 29, Sec. 674; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 130, 

76 Stat. 514; renumbered Sec. 12306 and amended Oct. 5, 1994, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(4), 108 Stat. 2992, 3017; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 

514(d), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1883.) 

§ 12307. Retired Reserve 

A member in the Retired Reserve may, if qualified, be ordered 

to active duty without his consent, but only as provided in section 

688 or 12301(a) of this title. A member of the Retired Reserve 

(other than a member transferred to the Retired Reserve under 

section 12641(b) of this title) who is ordered to active duty or other 

appropriate duty in a retired status may be credited under chapter 

1223 of this title with service performed pursuant to such order. A 

member in a retired status is not eligible for promotion (or for consideration for promotion) as a Reserve. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 29, Sec. 675; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, Sec. 1017(a), Sept. 24, 

1983, 97 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 651(d), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1461; 

renumbered Sec. 12307 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 

1675(c)(5), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(17), 

Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 

§ 12308. Retention after becoming qualified for retired pay 

Any person who has qualified for retired pay under chapter 

1223 of this title may, with his consent and by order of the Secretary concerned, be retained on active duty, or in service in a reserve component other than that listed in section 12732(b) of this 

title. A member so retained shall be credited with that service for 

all purposes. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 29, Sec. 676; renumbered Sec. 12308 and amended Pub. L. 

103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(6), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017.) 

§ 12309. Reserve officers: use of in expansion of armed 

forces 

When an expansion of the active armed forces requires that officers of the reserve components who are not members of units organized to serve as such be ordered as individuals to active duty 

(other than for training) without their consent, the services of 

qualified and available reserve officers in all grades shall be used, 

so far as practicable, according to the needs of the branches, 

grades, or specialties concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 29, Sec. 677; renumbered Sec. 12309, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 
2291 § 12310 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

§ 12310. Reserves: for organizing, administering, etc., reserve components 

(a) AUTHORITY.—(1) The Secretary concerned may order a 

member of a reserve component under the Secretary’s jurisdiction 

to active duty pursuant to section 12301(d) of this title to perform 

Active Guard and Reserve duty organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components. 

(2) A Reserve ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) shall 

be ordered in the Reserve’s reserve grade. While so serving, the Reserve continues to be eligible for promotion as a Reserve, if otherwise qualified. 

(b) DUTIES.—A Reserve on active duty under subsection (a) 

may perform the following additional duties to the extent that the 

performance of those duties does not interfere with the performance of the Reserve’s primary Active Guard and Reserve duties described in subsection (a)(1): 

(1) Supporting operations or missions assigned in whole or 

in part to the reserve components. 

(2) Supporting operations or missions performed or to be 

performed by— 

(A) a unit composed of elements from more than one 

component of the same armed force; or 

(B) a joint forces unit that includes— 

(i) one or more reserve component units; or 

(ii) a member of a reserve component whose reserve component assignment is in a position in an element of the joint forces unit. 

(3) Advising the Secretary of Defense, the Secretaries of 

the military departments, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the 

commanders of the combatant commands regarding reserve 

component matters. 

(4) Instructing or training in the United States or the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or possessions of the United 

States of— 

(A) active-duty members of the armed forces; 

(B) members of foreign military forces (under the same 

authorities and restrictions applicable to active-duty members providing such instruction or training); 

(C) Department of Defense contractor personnel; or 

(D) Department of Defense civilian employees. 

(c) OPERATIONS RELATING TO DEFENSE AGAINST WEAPONS OF

MASS DESTRUCTION AND TERRORIST ATTACKS.—(1) Notwithstanding 

subsection (b), a Reserve on active duty as described in subsection 

(a), or a Reserve who is a member of the National Guard serving 

on full-time National Guard duty under section 502(f) of title 32 in 

connection with functions referred to in subsection (a), may, subject 

to paragraph (3), perform duties in support of emergency preparedness programs to prepare for or to respond to any emergency involving any of the following: 

(A) The use or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction (as defined in section 1403 of the Defense Against 

Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 2302(1))) 

in the United States. 
§ 12310 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2292 

(B) A terrorist attack or threatened terrorist attack in the 

United States that results, or could result, in catastrophic loss 

of life or property. 

(C) The intentional or unintentional release of nuclear, biological, radiological, or toxic or poisonous chemical materials in 

the United States that results, or could result, in catastrophic 

loss of life or property. 

(D) A natural or manmade disaster in the United States 

that results in, or could result in, catastrophic loss of life or 

property. 

(2) The costs of the pay, allowances, clothing, subsistence, gratuities, travel, and related expenses for a Reserve performing duties under the authority of paragraph (1) shall be paid from the appropriation that is available to pay such costs for other members 

of the reserve component of that Reserve who are performing duties as described in subsection (a). 

(3) A Reserve may perform duty described in paragraph (1) 

only while assigned to a reserve component weapons of mass destruction civil support team. 

(4) Reserves on active duty who are performing duties described in paragraph (1) shall be counted against the annual end 

strength authorizations required by section 115(a)(1)(B) and 

115(a)(2) of this title. The justification material for the defense 

budget request for a fiscal year shall identify the number and component of the Reserves programmed to be performing duties described in paragraph (1) during that fiscal year. 

(5) A reserve component weapons of mass destruction civil support team, and any Reserve assigned to such a team, may not be 

used to respond to an emergency described in paragraph (1) unless 

the Secretary of Defense has certified to the Committee on Armed 

Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the 

House of Representatives that that team, or that Reserve, possesses the requisite skills, training, and equipment to be proficient 

in all mission requirements. 

(6) If the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress any request 

for the enactment of legislation to modify the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (3), the Secretary shall provide with the request— 

(A) justification for each such requested modification; and 

(B) the Secretary’s plan for sustaining the qualifications of 

the personnel and teams described in paragraph (3). 

(7) In this subsection, the term ‘‘United States’’ includes the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. 

(d) TRAINING.—A Reserve on active duty as described in subsection (a) may be provided training consistent with training provided to other members on active duty, as the Secretary concerned 

sees fit. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 30, Sec. 678; renumbered Sec. 12310 and amended Pub. L. 

103–337, div. A, title XVI, Secs. 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(7), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017; Pub. 

L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 541, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2521; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 511(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2006; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Secs. 555(a), 

(b), 556, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 617–619, 774; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 514(b), title IX, Sec. 933, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2539, 2626; Pub. L. 109–364, div. 

A, title V, Secs. 525(a), 527, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2193, 2196; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1073(a)(34), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474.) 
2293 § 12312 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

§ 12311. Active duty agreements 

(a) To provide definite terms of active duty (other than for 

training) for Reserves with their consent, the Secretary concerned 

may make a standard written agreement with any member of a reserve component under his jurisdiction requiring the member to 

serve for a period of active duty (other than for training) of not 

more than five years. When such an agreement expires, a new one 

may be made. This subsection does not apply in time of war declared by Congress. 

(b) An agreement may not be made under subsection (a) unless 

the specified period of duty is at least 12 months longer than any 

period of active duty that the member is otherwise required to perform. 

(c) Agreements made under subsection (a) shall be uniform so 

far as practicable, and are subject to such standards and policies 

as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for the armed 

forces under his jurisdiction or by the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is not operating as 

a service in the Navy. 

(d) If an agreement made under subsection (a) expires during 

a war or during a national emergency declared by Congress or the 

President after January 1, 1953, the Reserve concerned may be 

kept on active duty, without his consent, as otherwise prescribed 

by law. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 30, Sec. 679; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(19), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered Sec. 12311, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 

Stat. 2314.) 

§ 12312. Active duty agreements: release from duty 

(a) Each agreement made under section 12311(a) of this title 

shall provide that the member may not be released from active 

duty without his consent during the period of the agreement— 

(1) because of a reduction in the actual personnel strength 

of the armed force concerned, unless the release is in accordance with the recommendation of a board of officers appointed 

by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned to determine the members to be released from active duty under 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or 

(2) for any other reason, without an opportunity to be 

heard by a board of officers before the release, unless he is (A) 

dismissed or discharged under the sentence of a court-martial, 

(B) released because of an unexplained absence without leave 

for at least three months, (C) released because he is convicted 

and sentenced to confinement in a Federal or State penitentiary or correctional institution and the sentence has become 

final, or (D) released because he has been considered at least 

twice and has not been recommended for promotion to the next 

higher grade or because he is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade and has not been 

recommended for promotion to that grade, under conditions 

that would require the release or separation of a reserve officer 

who is not serving under such agreement. 
§ 12313 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2294 

(b) A member who is released from active duty without his consent before the end of his agreement made under section 12311(a) 

of this title is entitled to an amount computed by multiplying the 

number of years and fractions of a year of his unexpired period of 

service under the agreement by the sum of one month’s basic pay, 

special pay, and allowances to which he is entitled on the day of 

his release. The amount to which a member is entitled under this 

subsection is in addition to any pay and allowances to which he is 

otherwise entitled. For the purposes of this subsection, a fraction 

of a month of 15 days or more is counted as a whole month, and 

a fraction of a month of less than 15 days is disregarded. This subsection does not apply to a member if he is— 

(1) released for a reason described in subsection (a)(2)(A)– 

(C); 

(2) released because of a physical disability resulting from 

his intentional misconduct or wilful neglect; 

(3) eligible for retired pay, separation pay, or severance 

pay under another provision of law; 

(4) placed on a temporary disability retired list; or 

(5) released to accept an appointment, or to be enlisted, in 

a regular component of an armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 30, Sec. 680; Pub. L. 87–509, Sec. 2, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 

121; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 533(b), title XIV, Sec. 1405(17), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528, 

2622; renumbered Sec. 12312 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 

1675(c)(8), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017.) 

§ 12313. Reserves: release from active duty 

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, the Secretary 

concerned may at any time release a Reserve under his jurisdiction 

from active duty. 

(b) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress or the President after January 1, 1953, a member of a reserve component may be released from active duty (other than for 

training) only if— 

(1) a board of officers convened at his request by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned recommends the 

release and the recommendation is approved; 

(2) the member does not request that a board be convened; 

or 

(3) his release is otherwise authorized by law. 

This subsection does not apply to an armed force during a period 

of demobilization or reduction in strength of that armed force. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 31, Sec. 681; renumbered Sec. 12313, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12314. Reserves: kinds of duty 

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a member of a reserve component who is on active duty other than for training may, 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, be detailed or assigned to any duty authorized by law for members of 

the regular component of the armed force concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 31, Sec. 682; renumbered Sec. 12314, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 
2295 § 12318 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

§ 12315. Reserves: duty with or without pay 

(a) Subject to other provisions of this title, any Reserve may be 

ordered to active duty or other duty— 

(1) with the pay and allowances provided by law; or 

(2) with his consent, without pay. 

Duty without pay shall be considered for all purposes as if it were 

duty with pay. 

(b) A Reserve who is kept on active duty after his term of service expires is entitled to pay and allowances while on that duty, except as they may be forfeited under the approved sentence of a 

court-martial or by non-judicial punishment by a commanding officer or when he is otherwise in a non-pay status. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 31, Sec. 683; renumbered Sec. 12315, Pub. L. 103–337, div. 

A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12316. Payment of certain Reserves while on duty 

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b), a Reserve of the 

Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard who because 

of his earlier military service is entitled to a pension, retired or retainer pay, or disability compensation, and who performs duty for 

which he is entitled to compensation, may elect to receive for that 

duty either— 

(1) the payments to which he is entitled because of his earlier military service; or 

(2) if he specifically waives those payments, the pay and 

allowances authorized by law for the duty that he is performing. 

(b) Unless the payments because of his earlier military service 

are greater than the compensation prescribed by subsection (a)(2), 

a Reserve of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast 

Guard who because of his earlier military service is entitled to a 

pension, retired or retainer pay, or disability compensation, and 

who upon being ordered to active duty for a period of more than 

30 days in time of war or national emergency is found physically 

qualified to perform that duty, ceases to be entitled to the payments because of his earlier military service until the period of active duty ends. While on that active duty, he is entitled to the compensation prescribed by subsection (a)(2). Other rights and benefits 

of the member or his dependents are unaffected by this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(15), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1441, Sec. 684; amended Pub. L. 93– 

586, Sec. 1, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1920; renumbered Sec. 12316, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12317. Reserves: theological students; limitations 

A Reserve may not be required to serve on active duty, or to 

participate in inactive duty training, while preparing for the ministry in a recognized theological or divinity school. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(15), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1441, Sec. 685; renumbered Sec. 

12317, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12318. Reserves on active duty: duties; funding 

(a) During a period that members of a reserve component are 

serving on active duty pursuant to an order under section 12302 

or 12304 of this title, members of reserve components serving on 
§ 12319 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 2296 

active duty may perform duties in connection with either such section. 

(b) Funds available for the pay and allowances of Reserves referred to section 12310 of this title shall be available for the pay 

and allowances of such Reserves who perform duties in connection 

with section 12302 or 12304 of this title under the authority of subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IV, Sec. 412(b)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3861, Sec. 686; 

renumbered Sec. 12318 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 

1675(c)(9), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3017.) 

§ 12319. Ready Reserve: muster duty 

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

a member of the Ready Reserve may be ordered without his consent to muster duty one time each year. A member ordered to muster duty under this section shall be required to perform a minimum 

of two hours of muster duty on the day of muster. 

(b) The period which a member may be required to devote to 

muster duty under this section, including round-trip travel to and 

from the location of that duty, may not total more than one day 

each calendar year. 

(c) Except as specified in subsection (d), muster duty (and travel directly to and from that duty) under this section shall be treated as the equivalent of inactive-duty training (and travel directly 

to and from that training) for the purposes of this title and the provisions of title 37 (other than section 206(a)) and title 38, including 

provisions relating to the determination of eligibility for and the receipt of benefits and entitlements provided under those titles for 

Reserves performing inactive-duty training and for their dependents and survivors. 

(d) Muster duty under this section shall not be credited in determining entitlement to, or in computing, retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, Sec. 502(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1436, Sec. 687; 

renumbered Sec. 12319 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), 

1675(c)(10), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992, 3018.) 

§ 12320. Reserve officers: grade in which ordered to active 

duty 

A reserve officer who is ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty shall be ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty in his reserve grade, except that a reserve officer 

who is credited with service under section 12207 of this title and 

is ordered to active duty and placed on the active-duty list may be 

ordered to active duty in a reserve grade and with a date of rank 

and position on the active-duty list determined under regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense based upon the amount of 

service credited. 

(Added Pub. L. 96–513, title I, Sec. 106, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2868, Sec. 689; amended Pub. 

L. 97–22, Sec. 4(g), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 127; renumbered Sec. 12320 and amended Pub. L. 

103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1625, 1662(e)(2), 1675(c)(11), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2962, 2992, 

3018; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495.) 
2297 § 12322 CH. 1209—ACTIVE DUTY 

§ 12321. Reserve Officer Training Corps units: limitation on 

number of Reserves assigned 

The number of members of the reserve components serving on 

active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components who are assigned to duty with a unit of the Reserve Officer Training Corps program may not exceed 275. 

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, Sec. 559(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1571, Sec. 687; 

renumbered Sec. 690 and amended Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, Sec. 704(a)(3)(A), (B), Apr. 6, 1991, 

105 Stat. 118; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, Sec. 1061(a)(4)(A), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1472; 

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, Sec. 512, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2405; Pub. L. 103–160, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 512, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1649; renumbered Sec. 12321 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(e)(2), (3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2992.) 

§ 12322. Active duty for health care 

A member of a uniformed service described in paragraph (1)(B) 

or (2)(B) of section 1074a(a) of this title may be ordered to active 

duty, and a member of a uniformed service described in paragraph 

(1)(A) or (2)(A) of such section may be continued on active duty, for 

a period of more than 30 days while the member is being treated 

for (or recovering from) an injury, illness, or disease incurred or aggravated in the line of duty as described in any of such paragraphs. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 683.) 
2298 

CHAPTER 1211—NATIONAL GUARD MEMBERS IN 

FEDERAL SERVICE 

Sec. 

12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status. 

12402. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: commissioned officers; duty in National Guard Bureau. 

12403. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: members; status in 

which ordered into Federal service. 

12404. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: mobilization; maintenance of organization. 

12405. National Guard in Federal service: status. 

12406. National Guard in Federal service: call. 

12407. National Guard in Federal service: period of service; apportionment. 

12408. National Guard in Federal service: physical examination. 

§ 12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: 

status 

Members of the Army National Guard of the United States and 

the Air National Guard of the United States are not in active Federal service except when ordered thereto under law. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2993.) 

§ 12402. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: 

commissioned officers; duty in National Guard Bureau 

(a) The President may, with their consent, order commissioned 

officers of the Army National Guard of the United States and the 

Air National Guard of the United States to active duty in the National Guard Bureau. 

(b)(1) The number of officers of the Army National Guard of 

the United States in grades below brigadier general who are ordered to active duty in the National Guard Bureau may not be 

more than 40 percent of the number of officers of the Army authorized for duty in that Bureau and, to the extent practicable, shall 

not exceed 40 percent of the number of officers of the Army serving 

in that Bureau in any grade below brigadier general. 

(2) The number of officers of the Air National Guard of the 

United States in grades below brigadier general who are ordered 

to active duty in the National Guard Bureau may not be more than 

40 percent of the number of officers of the Air Force authorized for 

duty in that Bureau and, to the extent practicable, shall not exceed 

40 percent of the number of officers of the Air Force serving in that 

Bureau in any grade below brigadier general. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2993; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(18)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 
2299 § 12407 CH. 1211—NATIONAL GUARD MEMBERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE 

§ 12403. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: 

members; status in which ordered into Federal 

service 

Members of the Army National Guard of the United States ordered to active duty shall be ordered to duty as Reserves of the 

Army. Members of the Air National Guard of the United States ordered to active duty shall be ordered to duty as Reserves of the Air 

Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2993; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(18)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 

§ 12404. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: 

mobilization; maintenance of organization 

During an initial mobilization, the organization of a unit of the 

Army National Guard of the United States or of the Air National 

Guard of the United States ordered into active Federal service 

shall, so far as practicable, be maintained as it existed on the date 

of the order to duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2993; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(18)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 

§ 12405. National Guard in Federal service: status 

Members of the National Guard called into Federal service are, 

from the time when they are required to respond to the call, subject to the laws and regulations governing the Army or the Air 

Force, as the case may be, except those applicable only to members 

of the Regular Army or Regular Air Force, as the case may be. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2993.) 

§ 12406. National Guard in Federal service: call 

Whenever— 

(1) the United States, or any of the Commonwealths or 

possessions, is invaded or is in danger of invasion by a foreign 

nation; 

(2) there is a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the 

authority of the Government of the United States; or 

(3) the President is unable with the regular forces to execute the laws of the United States; 

the President may call into Federal service members and units of 

the National Guard of any State in such numbers as he considers 

necessary to repel the invasion, suppress the rebellion, or execute 

those laws. Orders for these purposes shall be issued through the 

governors of the States or, in the case of the District of Columbia, 

through the commanding general of the National Guard of the District of Columbia. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2994; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(5), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 12407. National Guard in Federal service: period of service; apportionment 

(a) Whenever the President calls the National Guard of a State 

into Federal service, he may specify in the call the period of the 

service. Members and units called shall serve inside or outside the 

territory of the United States during the term specified, unless 
§ 12408 CH. 1211—NATIONAL GUARD MEMBERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE 2300 

sooner relieved by the President. However, no member of the National Guard may be kept in Federal service beyond the term of his 

commission or enlistment. 

(b) When the National Guard of a State is called into Federal 

service with the National Guard of another State, the President 

may apportion the total number called from the Army National 

Guard or from the Air National Guard, as the case may be, on the 

basis of the populations of the States affected by the call. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2994; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(19), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 

§ 12408. National Guard in Federal service: physical examination 

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the President, each member of the National Guard called into Federal service under section 

12301(a), 12302, or 12304 of this title shall be examined as to physical fitness, without further commission or enlistment. 

(b) Immediately before such a member is mustered out of Federal service, he shall be examined as to physical fitness. The record 

of this examination shall be retained by the United States. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(f)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2994; amended 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 523, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2517.) 
2301 

CHAPTER 1213—SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, 

ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND DUTIES 

Sec. 

12501. Reserve components: detail of members of regular and reserve components to assist. 

12502. Chief and assistant chief of staff of National Guard divisions and wings 

in Federal service: detail. 

12503. Ready Reserve: funeral honors duty. 

[12505. Repealed.] 

§ 12501. Reserve components: detail of members of regular 

and reserve components to assist 

The Secretary concerned shall detail such members of the regular and reserve components under his jurisdiction as are necessary to effectively develop, train, instruct, and administer those 

reserve components. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(g)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2995.) 

§ 12502. Chief and assistant chief of staff of National Guard 

divisions and wings in Federal service: detail 

(a) The President may detail a regular or reserve officer of the 

Army as chief of staff, and a regular or reserve officer or an officer 

of the Army National Guard as assistant to the chief of staff, of any 

division of the Army National Guard that is in Federal service as 

an Army National Guard organization. 

(b) The President may detail a regular or reserve officer of the 

Air Force as chief of staff, and a regular or reserve officer or an 

officer of the Air National Guard as assistant to the chief of staff, 

of any wing of the Air National Guard that is in Federal service 

as an Air National Guard organization. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(g)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2995.) 

§ 12503. Ready Reserve: funeral honors duty 

(a) ORDER TO DUTY.—A member of the Ready Reserve may be 

ordered to funeral honors duty, with the consent of the member, in 

preparation for or to perform funeral honors functions at the funeral of a veteran as defined in section 1491 of this title. Performance of funeral honors duty by a Reserve not on active duty shall 

be treated as inactive-duty training (including with respect to travel to and from such duty) for purposes of any provision of law other 

than sections 206 and 435 of title 37. 

(b) SERVICE CREDIT.—A member ordered to funeral honors 

duty under this section shall be required to perform a minimum of 

two hours of such duty in order to receive— 

(1) service credit under section 12732(a)(2)(E) of this title; 

and 

(2) as directed by the Secretary concerned, either— 

(A) the allowance under section 435 of title 37; or 
[§ 12505 CH. 1213—SPECIAL APPTMTS / ASSIGNMENTS / DETAILS / DUTIES 2302 

(B) compensation under section 206 of title 37. 

(c) REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES.—A member who performs funeral honors duty under this section may be reimbursed for travel 

and transportation expenses incurred in conjunction with such duty 

as authorized under chapter 7 of title 37 if such duty is performed 

at a location 50 miles or more from the member’s residence. 

(d) REGULATIONS.—The exercise of authority under subsection 

(a) is subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(e) MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD.—This section does not 

apply to members of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States. The performance 

of funeral honors duty by those members is provided for in section 

115 of title 32. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 578(g)(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 628; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 575(a)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–138; 

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 562(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1119.) 

[§ 12505. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, 

Sec. 507(f)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

105] 
2303 

CHAPTER 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION 

INCOME INSURANCE 

Sec. 

12521. Definitions. 

12522. Establishment of insurance program. 

12523. Risk insured. 

12524. Enrollment and election of benefits. 

12525. Benefit amounts. 

12526. Premiums. 

12527. Payment of premiums. 

12528. Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund. 

12529. Board of Actuaries. 

12530. Payment of benefits. 

12531. Purchase of insurance. 

12532. Termination for nonpayment of premiums; forfeiture. 

12533. Termination of program. 

§ 12521. Definitions 

In this chapter: 

(1) The term ‘‘insurance program’’ means the Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Program established 

under section 12522 of this title. 

(2) The term ‘‘covered service’’ means active duty performed by a member of a reserve component under an order to 

active duty for a period of more than 30 days which specifies 

that the member’s service— 

(A) is in support of an operational mission for which 

members of the reserve components have been ordered to 

active duty without their consent; or 

(B) is in support of forces activated during a period of 

war declared by Congress or a period of national emergency declared by the President or Congress. 

(3) The term ‘‘insured member’’ means a member of the 

Ready Reserve who is enrolled for coverage under the insurance program in accordance with section 12524 of this title. 

(4) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Defense. 

(5) The term ‘‘Department’’ means the Department of Defense. 

(6) The term ‘‘Board of Actuaries’’ means the Department 

of Defense Board of Actuaries under section 183 of this title. 

(7) The term ‘‘Fund’’ means the Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund established by section 12528(a) of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 299; amended 

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, Sec. 906(c)(4), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 277.) 

§ 12522. Establishment of insurance program 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish for members of the Ready Reserve (including the Coast Guard Reserve) an 
§ 12523 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 2304 

insurance program to be known as the ‘‘Ready Reserve Mobilization 

Income Insurance Program’’. 

(b) ADMINISTRATION.—The insurance program shall be administered by the Secretary. The Secretary may prescribe in regulations such rules, procedures, and policies as the Secretary considers 

necessary or appropriate to carry out the insurance program. 

(c) AGREEMENT WITH SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY.— The Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall enter 

into an agreement with respect to the administration of the insurance program for the Coast Guard Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 299; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), (7), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 12523. Risk insured 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The insurance program shall insure members of the Ready Reserve against the risk of being ordered into 

covered service. 

(b) ENTITLEMENT TO BENEFITS.—(1) An insured member ordered into covered service shall be entitled to payment of a benefit 

for each month (and fraction thereof) of covered service that exceeds 30 days of covered service, except that no member may be 

paid under the insurance program for more than 12 months of covered service served during any period of 18 consecutive months. 

(2) Payment shall be based solely on the insured status of a 

member and on the period of covered service served by the member. Proof of loss of income or of expenses incurred as a result of 

covered service may not be required. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 300.) 

§ 12524. Enrollment and election of benefits 

(a) ENROLLMENT.—(1) Except as provided in subsection (f), 

upon first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve, a member 

shall be automatically enrolled for coverage under the insurance 

program. An automatic enrollment of a member shall be void if 

within 60 days after first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve 

the member declines insurance under the program in accordance 

with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary. 

(2) Promptly after the insurance program is established, the 

Secretary shall offer to members of the reserve components who 

are then members of the Ready Reserve (other than members ineligible under subsection (f)) an opportunity to enroll for coverage 

under the insurance program. A member who fails to enroll within 

60 days after being offered the opportunity shall be considered as 

having declined to be insured under the program. 

(3) A member of the Ready Reserve ineligible to enroll under 

subsection (f) shall be afforded an opportunity to enroll upon being 

released from active duty in accordance with regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary if the member has not previously had the opportunity to be enrolled under paragraph (1) or (2). A member who 

fails to enroll within 60 days after being afforded that opportunity 

shall be considered as having declined to be insured under the program. 

(b) ELECTION OF BENEFIT AMOUNT.—The amount of a member’s monthly benefit under an enrollment shall be the basic ben-
2305 § 12525 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 

efit under subsection (a) of section 12525 of this title unless the 

member elects a different benefit under subsection (b) of such section within 60 days after first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve or within 60 days after being offered the opportunity to enroll, as the case may be. 

(c) ELECTIONS IRREVOCABLE.—(1) An election to decline insurance pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) is irrevocable. 

(2) The amount of coverage may not be increased after enrollment. 

(d) ELECTION TO TERMINATE.—A member may terminate an 

enrollment at any time. 

(e) INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED.—The Secretary shall ensure that members referred to in subsection (a) are given a written 

explanation of the insurance program and are advised that they 

have the right to decline to be insured and, if not declined, to elect 

coverage for a reduced benefit or an enhanced benefit under subsection (b). 

(f) MEMBERS INELIGIBLE TO ENROLL.—Members of the Ready 

Reserve serving on active duty (or full-time National Guard duty) 

are not eligible to enroll for coverage under the insurance program. 

The Secretary may define any additional category of members of 

the Ready Reserve to be excluded from eligibility to purchase insurance under this chapter. 

(g) MEMBERS OF INDIVIDUAL READY RESERVE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, and pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary, a member of the Individual Ready 

Reserve who becomes a member of the Selected Reserve shall not 

be denied eligibility to purchase insurance under this chapter upon 

becoming a member of the Selected Reserve unless the member 

previously declined to enroll in the program of insurance under this 

chapter while a member of the Selected Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 300; amended 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 542, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2521.) 

§ 12525. Benefit amounts 

(a) BASIC BENEFIT.—The basic benefit for an insured member 

under the insurance program is $1,000 per month (as adjusted 

under subsection (d)). 

(b) REDUCED AND ENHANCED BENEFITS.—Under the regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a person enrolled for coverage 

under the insurance program may elect— 

(1) a reduced coverage benefit equal to one-half the 

amount of the basic benefit; or 

(2) an enhanced benefit in the amount of $1,500, $2,000, 

$2,500, $3,000, $3,500, $4,000, $4,500, or $5,000 per month (as 

adjusted under subsection (d)). 

(c) AMOUNT FOR PARTIAL MONTH.—The amount of insurance 

payable to an insured member for any period of covered service 

that is less than one month shall be determined by multiplying 1/ 

30 of the monthly benefit rate for the member by the number of 

days of the covered service served by the member during such period. 
§ 12526 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 2306 

(d) ADJUSTMENT OF AMOUNTS.—(1) The Secretary shall determine annually the effect of inflation on benefits and shall adjust 

the amounts set forth in subsections (a) and (b)(2) to maintain the 

constant dollar value of the benefit. 

(2) If the amount of a benefit as adjusted under paragraph (1) is not evenly divisible by $10, the amount shall be rounded to the 

nearest multiple of $10, except that an amount evenly divisible by 

$5 but not by $10 shall be rounded to the next lower amount that 

is evenly divisible by $10. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 301.) 

§ 12526. Premiums 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF RATES.—(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the Board of Actuaries, shall prescribe the premium rates 

for insurance under the insurance program. 

(2) The Secretary shall prescribe a fixed premium rate for each $1,000 of monthly insurance benefit. The premium amount shall be 

equal to the share of the cost attributable to insuring the member 

and shall be the same for all members of the Ready Reserve who 

are insured under the insurance program for the same benefit 

amount. The Secretary shall prescribe the rate on the basis of the 

best available estimate of risk and financial exposure, levels of subscription by members, and other relevant factors. 

(b) LEVEL PREMIUMS.—The premium rate prescribed for the 

first year of insurance coverage of an insured member shall be continued without change for subsequent years of insurance coverage, 

except that the Secretary, after consultation with the Board of Actuaries, may adjust the premium rate in order to fund inflation-adjusted benefit increases on an actuarially sound basis. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 301.) 

§ 12527. Payment of premiums 

(a) METHODS OF PAYMENT.—(1) The monthly premium for coverage of a member of the Selected Reserve under the insurance 

program shall be deducted and withheld from the insured member’s pay for each month. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall prescribe regulations which 

specify the procedures for payment of premiums by members of the 

Individual Ready Reserve and other members who do not receive 

pay on a monthly basis. 

(b) ADVANCE PAY FOR PREMIUM.—The Secretary concerned 

may advance to an insured member the amount equal to the first 

insurance premium payment due under this chapter. The advance 

may be paid out of appropriations for military pay. An advance to 

a member shall be collected from the member either by deducting 

and withholding the amount from basic pay payable for the member or by collecting it from the member directly. No disbursing or 

certifying officer shall be responsible for any loss resulting from an 

advance under this subsection. 

(c) PREMIUMS TO BE DEPOSITED IN FUND.—Premium amounts 

deducted and withheld from the pay of insured members and premium amounts paid directly to the Secretary shall be credited 

monthly to the Fund. 
2307 § 12529 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 302; amended 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 547, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2524; Pub. L. 107–296, title 

XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 12528. Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established on the books of the 

Treasury a fund to be known as the ‘‘Reserve Mobilization Income 

Insurance Fund’’, which shall be administered by the Secretary of 

the Treasury. The Fund shall be used for the accumulation of funds 

in order to finance the liabilities of the insurance program on an 

actuarially sound basis. 

(b) ASSETS OF FUND.—There shall be deposited into the Fund 

the following: 

(1) Premiums paid under section 12527 of this title. 

(2) Any amount appropriated to the Fund. 

(3) Any return on investment of the assets of the Fund. 

(c) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts in the Fund shall be available for 

paying insurance benefits under the insurance program. 

(d) INVESTMENT OF ASSETS OF FUND.—The Secretary of the 

Treasury shall invest such portion of the Fund as is not in the 

judgment of the Secretary of Defense required to meet current liabilities. Such investments shall be in public debt securities with 

maturities suitable to the needs of the Fund, as determined by the 

Secretary of Defense, and bearing interest at rates determined by 

the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration current 

market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United 

States of comparable maturities. The income on such investments 

shall be credited to the Fund. 

(e) ANNUAL ACCOUNTING.—At the beginning of each fiscal year, 

the Secretary, in consultation with the Board of Actuaries and the 

Secretary of the Treasury, shall determine the following: 

(1) The projected amount of the premiums to be collected, 

investment earnings to be received, and any transfers or appropriations to be made for the Fund for that fiscal year. 

(2) The amount for that fiscal year of any cumulative unfunded liability (including any negative amount or any gain to 

the Fund) resulting from payments of benefits. 

(3) The amount for that fiscal year (including any negative 

amount) of any cumulative actuarial gain or loss to the Fund. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 302.) 

§ 12529. Board of Actuaries 

(a) ACTUARIAL RESPONSIBILITY.—The Board of Actuaries shall 

have the actuarial responsibility for the insurance program. 

(b) VALUATIONS AND PREMIUM RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Board 

of Actuaries shall carry out periodic actuarial valuations of the benefits under the insurance program and determine a premium rate 

methodology for the Secretary to use in setting premium rates for 

the insurance program. The Board shall conduct the first valuation 

and determine a premium rate methodology not later than six 

months after the insurance program is established. 

(c) EFFECTS OF CHANGED BENEFITS.—If at the time of any actuarial valuation under subsection (b) there has been a change in 

benefits under the insurance program that has been made since the 

last such valuation and such change in benefits increases or de-
§ 12530 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 2308 

creases the present value of amounts payable from the Fund, the 

Board of Actuaries shall determine a premium rate methodology, 

and recommend to the Secretary a premium schedule, for the liquidation of any liability (or actuarial gain to the Fund) resulting 

from such change and any previous such changes so that the 

present value of the sum of the scheduled premium payments (or 

reduction in payments that would otherwise be made) equals the 

cumulative increase (or decrease) in the present value of such benefits. 

(d) ACTUARIAL GAINS OR LOSSES.—If at the time of any such 

valuation the Board of Actuaries determines that there has been an 

actuarial gain or loss to the Fund as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions since the last valuation or as a result of any differences, between actual and expected experience since the last 

valuation, the Board shall recommend to the Secretary a premium 

rate schedule for the amortization of the cumulative gain or loss to 

the Fund resulting from such changes in assumptions and any previous such changes in assumptions or from the differences in actual 

and expected experience, respectively, through an increase or decrease in the payments that would otherwise be made to the Fund. 

(e) INSUFFICIENT ASSETS.—If at any time liabilities of the Fund 

exceed assets of the Fund as a result of members of the Ready Reserve being ordered to active duty as described in section 12521(2) 

of this title, and funds are unavailable to pay benefits completely, 

the Secretary shall request the President to submit to Congress a 

request for a special appropriation to cover the unfunded liability. 

If appropriations are not made to cover an unfunded liability in 

any fiscal year, the Secretary shall reduce the amount of the benefits paid under the insurance program to a total amount that does 

not exceed the assets of the Fund expected to accrue by the end of 

such fiscal year. Benefits that cannot be paid because of such a reduction shall be deferred and may be paid only after and to the extent that additional funds become available. 

(f) DEFINITION OF PRESENT VALUE.—The Board of Actuaries 

shall define the term ‘‘present value’’ for purposes of this subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 303.) 

§ 12530. Payment of benefits 

(a) COMMENCEMENT OF PAYMENT.—An insured member who 

serves in excess of 30 days of covered service shall be paid the 

amount to which such member is entitled on a monthly basis beginning not later than one month after the 30th day of covered 

service. 

(b) METHOD OF PAYMENT.—The Secretary shall prescribe in the 

regulations the manner in which payments shall be made to the 

member or to a person designated in accordance with subsection 

(c). 

(c) DESIGNATED RECIPIENTS.—(1) A member may designate in 

writing another person (including a spouse, parent, or other person 

with an insurable interest, as determined in accordance with the 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to receive payments of insurance benefits under the insurance program. 
2309 § 12531 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 

(2) A member may direct that payments of insurance benefits 

for a person designated under paragraph (1) be deposited with a 

bank or other financial institution to the credit of the designated 

person. 

(d) RECIPIENTS IN EVENT OF DEATH OF INSURED MEMBER.— 

Any insurance payable under the insurance program on account of 

a deceased member’s period of covered service shall be paid, upon 

the establishment of a valid claim, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries which the deceased member designated in writing. If no 

such designation has been made, the amount shall be payable in 

accordance with the laws of the State of the member’s domicile. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 304.) 

§ 12531. Purchase of insurance 

(a) PURCHASE AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary may, instead of or 

in addition to underwriting the insurance program through the 

Fund, purchase from one or more insurance companies a policy or 

policies of group insurance in order to provide the benefits required 

under this chapter. The Secretary may waive any requirement for 

full and open competition in order to purchase an insurance policy 

under this subsection. 

(b) ELIGIBLE INSURERS.—In order to be eligible to sell insurance to the Secretary for purposes of subsection (a), an insurance 

company shall— 

(1) be licensed to issue insurance in each of the 50 States 

and in the District of Columbia; and 

(2) as of the most recent December 31 for which information is available to the Secretary, have in effect at least one 

percent of the total amount of insurance that all such insurance companies have in effect in the United States. 

(c) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.—(1) An insurance company 

that issues a policy for purposes of subsection (a) shall establish an 

administrative office at a place and under a name designated by 

the Secretary. 

(2) For the purposes of carrying out this chapter, the Secretary 

may use the facilities and services of any insurance company 

issuing any policy for purposes of subsection (a), may designate one 

such company as the representative of the other companies for 

such purposes, and may contract to pay a reasonable fee to the designated company for its services. 

(d) REINSURANCE.—The Secretary shall arrange with each insurance company issuing any policy for purposes of subsection (a) 

to reinsure, under conditions approved by the Secretary, portions 

of the total amount of the insurance under such policy or policies 

with such other insurance companies (which meet qualifying criteria prescribed by the Secretary) as may elect to participate in 

such reinsurance. 

(e) TERMINATION.—The Secretary may at any time terminate 

any policy purchased under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 304.) 
§ 12532 CH. 1214—READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE 2310 

§ 12532. Termination for nonpayment of premiums; forfeiture 

(a) TERMINATION FOR NONPAYMENT.—The coverage of a member under the insurance program shall terminate without prior notice upon a failure of the member to make required monthly payments of premiums for two consecutive months. The Secretary may 

provide in the regulations for reinstatement of insurance coverage 

terminated under this subsection. 

(b) FORFEITURE.—Any person convicted of mutiny, treason, 

spying, or desertion, or who refuses to perform service in the armed 

forces or refuses to wear the uniform of any of the armed forces 

shall forfeit all rights to insurance under this chapter. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 305.) 

§ 12533. Termination of program 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall terminate the insurance 

program in accordance with this section. 

(b) TERMINATION OF NEW ENROLLMENTS.—The Secretary may 

not enroll a member of the Ready Reserve for coverage under the 

insurance program after the November 18, 1997. 

(c) TERMINATION OF COVERAGE.—(1) The enrollment under the 

insurance program of insured members other than insured members described in paragraph (2) is terminated as of November 18, 

1997. The enrollment of an insured member described in paragraph 

(2) is terminated as of the date of the termination of the period of 

covered service of that member described in that paragraph. 

(2) An insured member described in this paragraph is an insured member who on November 18, 1997, is serving on covered 

service for a period of service, or has been issued an order directing 

the performance of covered service, that satisfies or would satisfy 

the entitlement-to-benefits provisions of this chapter. 

(d) TERMINATION OF PAYMENT OF BENEFITS.—The Secretary 

may not make any benefit payment under the insurance program 

after November 18, 1997, other than to an insured member who on 

that date (1) is serving on an order to covered service, (2) has been 

issued an order directing performance of covered service, or (3) has 

served on covered service before that date for which benefits under 

the program have not been paid to the member. 

(e) TERMINATION OF INSURANCE FUND.—The Secretary shall 

close the Fund not later than 60 days after the date on which the 

last benefit payment from the Fund is made. Any amount remaining in the Fund when closed shall be covered into the Treasury as 

miscellaneous receipts. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1729; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, title X, Sec. 1048(c)(15), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1226.) 
2311 

CHAPTER 1215—MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND 

PENALTIES 

Sec. 

[12551. Repealed.] 

12552. Funeral honors functions at funerals for veterans. 

[§ 12551. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2539] 

§ 12552. Funeral honors functions at funerals for veterans 

Performance by a Reserve of funeral honors functions at the 

funeral of a veteran (as defined in section 1491(h) of this title) may 

not be considered to be a period of drill or training, but may be performed as funeral honors duty under section 12503 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 567(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2031; amended 

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 578(g)(4), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 

1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1087(a)(21)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–291.) 
2312 

CHAPTER 1217—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND 

BENEFITS 

Sec. 

12601. Compensation: Reserve on active duty accepting from any person. 

12602. Members of Army National Guard of United States and Air National 

Guard of United States: credit for service as members of National 

Guard. 

12603. Attendance at inactive-duty training assemblies: commercial travel at 

Federal supply schedule rates. 

12604. Billeting in Department of Defense facilities: Reserves attending inactiveduty training. 

12605. Presentation of United States flag: members transferred from an active 

status or discharged after completion of eligibility for retired pay. 

§ 12601. Compensation: Reserve on active duty accepting 

from any person 

Any Reserve who, before being ordered to active duty, was receiving compensation from any person may, while he is on that 

duty, receive compensation from that person. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(g)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2995.) 

§ 12602. Members of Army National Guard of United States 

and Air National Guard of United States: credit for 

service as members of National Guard 

(a) For the purposes of laws providing benefits for members of 

the Army National Guard of the United States and their dependents and beneficiaries— 

(1) military training, duty, or other service performed by 

a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in 

his status as a member of the Army National Guard for which 

he is entitled to pay from the United States shall be considered 

military training, duty, or other service, as the case may be, 

in Federal service as a Reserve of the Army; 

(2) full-time National Guard duty performed by a member 

of the Army National Guard of the United States shall be considered active duty in Federal service as a Reserve of the 

Army; and 

(3) inactive-duty training performed by a member of the 

Army National Guard of the United States in his status as a 

member of the Army National Guard, in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 502 of title 32 or other express 

provision of law, shall be considered inactive-duty training in 

Federal service as a Reserve of the Army. 

(b) For the purposes of laws providing benefits for members of 

the Air National Guard of the United States and their dependents 

and beneficiaries— 

(1) military training, duty, or other service performed by 

a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in 

his status as a member of the Air National Guard for which 
2313 § 12604 CH. 1217—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 

he is entitled to pay from the United States shall be considered 

military training, duty, or other service, as the case may be, 

in Federal service as a Reserve of the Air Force; 

(2) full-time National Guard duty performed by a member 

of the Air National Guard of the United States shall be considered active duty in Federal service as a Reserve of the Air 

Force; and 

(3) inactive-duty training performed by a member of the 

Air National Guard of the United States in his status as a 

member of the Air National Guard, in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 502 of title 32 or other express 

provision of law, shall be considered inactive-duty training in 

Federal service as a Reserve of the Air Force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(g)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2995.) 

§ 12603. Attendance at inactive-duty training assemblies: 

commercial travel at Federal supply schedule rates 

(a) FEDERAL SUPPLY SCHEDULE TRAVEL.—Commercial travel 

under Federal supply schedules is authorized for the travel of a Reserve to the location of inactive duty training to be performed by 

the Reserve and from that location upon completion of the training. 

(b) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe in 

regulations such requirements, conditions, and restrictions for travel under the authority of subsection (a) as the Secretary considers 

appropriate. The regulations shall include policies and procedures 

for preventing abuses of that travel authority. 

(c) REIMBURSEMENT NOT AUTHORIZED.—A Reserve is not entitled to Government reimbursement for the cost of travel authorized 

under subsection (a). 

(d) TREATMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AS USE BY MILITARY DEPARTMENTS.—For the purposes of section 501 of title 40, travel authorized under subsection (a) shall be treated as transportation for 

the use of a military department. 

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, Sec. 635(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2045; amended 

Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(41), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 

§ 12604. Billeting in Department of Defense facilities: Reserves attending inactive-duty training 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR BILLETING ON SAME BASIS AS ACTIVE DUTY

MEMBERS TRAVELING UNDER ORDERS.—The Secretary of Defense 

shall prescribe regulations authorizing a Reserve traveling to inactive-duty training at a location more than 50 miles from that Reserve’s residence to be eligible for billeting in Department of Defense facilities on the same basis and to the same extent as a member of the armed forces on active duty who is traveling under orders away from the member’s permanent duty station. 

(b) PROOF OF REASON FOR TRAVEL.—The Secretary shall include in the regulations the means for confirming a Reserve’s eligibility for billeting under subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title VI, Sec. 663(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–168.) 
§ 12605 CH. 1217—MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 2314 

§ 12605. Presentation of United States flag: members transferred from an active status or discharged after 

completion of eligibility for retired pay 

(a) PRESENTATION OF FLAG.—Upon the transfer from an active 

status or discharge of a Reserve who has completed the years of 

service required for eligibility for retired pay under chapter 1223 

of this title, the Secretary concerned shall present a United States 

flag to the member. 

(b) MULTIPLE PRESENTATIONS NOT AUTHORIZED.—A member is 

not eligible for presentation of a flag under subsection (a) if the 

member has previously been presented a flag under this section or 

any provision of law providing for the presentation of a United 

States flag incident to release from active service for retirement. 

(c) NO COST TO RECIPIENT.—The presentation of a flag under 

this section shall be at no cost to the recipient. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, Sec. 652(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 664.) 
2315 

CHAPTER 1219—STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR 

RETENTION AND PROMOTION 

Sec. 

12641. Standards and procedures: Secretary to prescribe. 

12642. Standards and qualifications: result of failure to comply with. 

12643. Boards for appointment, promotion, and certain other purposes: composition. 

12644. Members physically not qualified for active duty: discharge or transfer to 

retired status. 

12645. Commissioned officers: retention until completion of required service. 

12646. Commissioned officers: retention of after completing 18 or more, but less 

than 20, years of service. 

12647. Commissioned officers: retention in active status while assigned to Selective Service System or serving as United States property and fiscal officers. 

§ 12641. Standards and procedures: Secretary to prescribe 

(a) The Secretary concerned shall, by regulation, prescribe— 

(1) standards and qualifications for the retention and promotion of members of the reserve components under his jurisdiction; and 

(2) equitable procedures for the periodic determination of 

the compliance of each such Reserve with those standards and 

qualifications. 

(b) If a Reserve fails to comply with the standards and qualifications prescribed under subsection (a), he shall— 

(1) if qualified, be transferred to an inactive reserve status; 

(2) if qualified, be retired without pay; or 

(3) have his appointment or enlistment terminated. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 79, Sec. 1001; renumbered Sec. 12641 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(h)(2), (4)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996.) 

§ 12642. Standards and qualifications: result of failure to 

comply with 

(a) To be retained in an active status, a reserve commissioned 

officer must, in any applicable yearly period, attain the number of 

points under section 12732(a)(2) of this title prescribed by the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in 

the case of a Secretary of a military department, and must conform 

to such other standards and qualifications as the Secretary concerned may prescribe. The Secretary may not prescribe a minimum 

of more than 50 points under this subsection. 

(b) Subject to section 12645 of this title, a reserve commissioned officer who fails to attain the number of points, or to conform to the standards and qualifications, prescribed in subsection 

(a) shall— 

(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if he is qualified 

and applies therefor; 
§ 12643 CH. 1219—STANDARDS & PROCEDURES FOR RETEN. & PROM. 2316 

(2) if he is not qualified or does not apply for transfer to 

the Retired Reserve, be transferred to an inactive status, if he 

is qualified therefor; or 

(3) if he is not transferred to the Retired Reserve or an inactive status, be discharged from his reserve appointment. 

(c) This section does not apply to commissioned warrant officers or to adjutants general or assistant adjutants general of 

States, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(22)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1443, Sec. 1002; amended Pub. L. 

100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered Sec. 12642 

and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(h)(2), 1675(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 2996, 3018; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, Sec. 1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.) 

§ 12643. Boards for appointment, promotion, and certain 

other purposes: composition 

(a) Except as provided in section 612(a)(3) of this title and except for boards that may be convened to select Reserves for appointment in the Regular Army, Regular Navy, Regular Air Force, 

or Regular Marine Corps, each board convened for the appointment, promotion, demotion, involuntary release from active duty, 

discharge, or retirement of Reserves shall include at least one 

member of the Reserves, with the exact number of Reserves determined by the Secretary concerned in his discretion. 

(b) Each member of a board convened for the selection for promotion, or for the demotion or discharge, of Reserves must be senior in rank to the persons under consideration by that board. However, a member serving in a legal advisory capacity may be junior 

in rank to any person, other than a judge advocate or law specialist, being considered by that board; and a member serving in 

a medical advisory capacity may be junior in rank to any person, 

other than a medical officer, being considered by that board. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 11, Sec. 266; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 501(4), Dec. 12, 

1980, 94 Stat. 2907; Pub. L. 97–22, Sec. 2(c), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 124; renumbered Sec. 

12643, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(h)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996.) 

§ 12644. Members physically not qualified for active duty: 

discharge or transfer to retired status 

Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned 

may provide for the honorable discharge or the transfer to a retired 

status of members of the reserve components under his jurisdiction 

who are found to be not physically qualified for active duty. However, no member of the Army National Guard of the United States 

or the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred 

under this subsection without the consent of the governor or other 

appropriate authority of the jurisdiction concerned. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 79, Sec. 1004; Pub. L. 86–603, Sec. 1(1), July 7, 1960, 74 

Stat. 357; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, Sec. 519, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1651; renumbered 

Sec. 12644 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1661(a)(4), 1662(h)(2), (4)(B), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980, 2996, 2997.) 

§ 12645. Commissioned officers: retention until completion 

of required service 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), a reserve commissioned officer who has not completed the period of service required 

of him by section 651 of this title or any other provision of law may 

not be discharged or transferred from an active status under chap-
2317 § 12646 CH. 1219—STANDARDS & PROCEDURES FOR RETEN. & PROM. 

ter 573, 1407, 1409, or 1411 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14. 

Unless, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, 

he is promoted to a higher reserve grade, he shall be retained in 

an active status in his reserve grade for the rest of his period of 

required service and shall be an additional number to the authorized strength of his grade. 

(b) Subsection (a) does not prevent the discharge or transfer 

from an active status of— 

(1) a commissioned warrant officer; 

(2) an officer on the active-duty list or a reserve active-status list who is found not qualified for promotion to the grade 

of first lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps, or lieutenant (junior grade), in the 

case of an officer of the Navy; 

(3) an officer on the active-duty list or reserve active-status 

list who has failed of selection for promotion for the second 

time to the grade of captain, in the case of an officer of the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or to the grade of lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Navy, or 

(4) an officer whose discharge or transfer from an active 

status is required by law. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(22)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1444, Sec. 1005; amended Pub. L. 

93–586, Sec. 2, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1920; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, Sec. 528(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 

98 Stat. 2525; renumbered Sec. 12645 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1627, 1662(h)(2), 1675(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2962, 2996, 3018; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, 

title XV, Sec. 1501(a)(4), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 

544(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2523.) 

§ 12646. Commissioned officers: retention of after completing 18 or more, but less than 20, years of service 

(a) If on the date prescribed for the discharge or transfer from 

an active status of a reserve commissioned officer he is entitled to 

be credited with at least 18, but less than 19, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, he may not be discharged 

or transferred from an active status under chapter 573, 1407, or 

1409 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14, without his consent before the earlier of the following dates— 

(1) the date on which he is entitled to be credited with 20 

years of service computed under section 12732 of this title; or 

(2) the third anniversary of the date on which he would 

otherwise be discharged or transferred from an active status. 

(b) If on the date prescribed for the discharge or transfer from 

an active status of a reserve commissioned officer he is entitled to 

be credited with at least 19, but less than 20, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, he may not be discharged 

or transferred from an active status under chapter 573, 1407, or 

1409 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14, without his consent before the earlier of the following dates— 

(1) the date on which he is entitled to be credited with 20 

years of service computed under section 12732 of this title; or 

(2) the second anniversary of the date on which he would 

otherwise be discharged or transferred from an active status. 
§ 12647 CH. 1219—STANDARDS & PROCEDURES FOR RETEN. & PROM. 2318 

(c) An officer who is retained in an active status under subsection (a) or (b) is an additional number to those otherwise authorized. 

(d) Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to— 

(1) officers who are discharged or transferred from an active status for physical disability, for cause, or because they 

have reached the age at which transfer from an active status 

or discharge is required by law; or 

(2) commissioned warrant officers. 

(e)(1) A reserve commissioned officer on active duty (other than 

for training) or full-time National Guard duty (other than full-time 

National Guard duty for training only) who, on the date on which 

the officer would otherwise be removed from an active status under 

section 6389, 14513, or 14514 of this title or section 740 of title 14, 

is within two years of qualifying for retirement under section 3911, 

6323, or 8911 of this title may, in the discretion of the Secretary 

concerned and subject to paragraph (2), be retained on that duty 

for a period of not more than two years. 

(2) An officer may be retained on active duty or full-time National Guard duty under paragraph (1) only if— 

(A) at the end of the period for which the officer is retained 

the officer will be qualified for retirement under section 3911, 

6323, or 8911 of this title; and 

(B) the officer will not, before the end of that period, reach 

the age at which transfer from an active status or discharge 

is required by this title or title 14. 

(3) An officer who is retained on active duty or full-time National Guard duty under this section may not be removed from an 

active status while on that duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(22)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1444, Sec. 1006; amended Pub. L. 

86–559, Sec. 1(3)(A), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 264; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 105, Sept. 7, 1962, 

76 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 90–130, Sec. 1(4), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 93–586, Sec. 3, Jan. 

2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1920; Pub. L. 96–322, Sec. 2, Aug. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 1015; Pub. L. 96–513, title 

V, Sec. 511(30), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2922; renumbered Sec. 12646 and amended Pub. L. 103– 

337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(h)(2), 1675(d)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996, 3018.) 

§ 12647. Commissioned officers: retention in active status 

while assigned to Selective Service System or serving as United States property and fiscal officers 

Notwithstanding chapters 573, 1407, and 1409 of this title, a 

reserve commissioned officer, other than a commissioned warrant 

officer, who is assigned to the Selective Service System or who is 

a property and fiscal officer appointed, designated, or detailed 

under section 708 of title 32, may be retained in an active status 

in that assignment or position until he becomes 62 years of age. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(22)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1445, Sec. 1007; amended Pub. L. 

86–559, Sec. 1(3)(B), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 265; renumbered Sec. 12647 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(h)(2), 1675(d)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2996, 3018; Pub. 

L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 514(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4441.) 
2319 

CHAPTER 1221—SEPARATION 

Sec. 

12681. Reserves: discharge authority. 

12682. Reserves: discharge upon becoming ordained minister of religion. 

12683. Reserve officers: limitation on involuntary separation. 

12684. Reserves: separation for absence without authority or sentence to imprisonment. 

12685. Reserves separated for cause: character of discharge. 

12686. Reserves on active duty within two years of retirement eligibility: limitation on release from active duty. 

12687. Reserves under confinement by sentence of court-martial: separation 

after six months confinement. 

§ 12681. Reserves: discharge authority 

Subject to other provisions of this title, reserve commissioned 

officers may be discharged at the pleasure of the President. Other 

Reserves may be discharged under regulations prescribed by the 

Secretary concerned. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2997.) 

§ 12682. Reserves: discharge upon becoming ordained minister of religion 

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, 

a Reserve who becomes a regular or ordained minister of religion 

is entitled upon his request to a discharge from his reserve enlistment or appointment. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2997.) 

§ 12683. Reserve officers: limitation on involuntary separation 

(a) An officer of a reserve component who has at least five 

years of service as a commissioned officer may not be separated 

from that component without his consent except— 

(1) under an approved recommendation of a board of officers convened by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned; or 

(2) by the approved sentence of a court-martial. 

(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to any of the following: 

(1) A separation under section 12684, 14901, or 14907 of 

this title. 

(2) A dismissal under section 1161(a) of this title. 

(3) A transfer under section 12213, 12214, 14514, or 14515 

of this title. 

(4) A separation of an officer who is in an inactive status 

in the Standby Reserve and who is not qualified for transfer 

to the Retired Reserve or is qualified for transfer to the Retired 

Reserve and does not apply for such a transfer. 
§ 12684 CH. 1221—SEPARATION 2320 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2997; amended 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 516, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1733; Pub. L. 105–261, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1069(a)(8), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2136.) 

§ 12684. Reserves: separation for absence without authority 

or sentence to imprisonment 

The President or the Secretary concerned may drop from the 

rolls of the armed force concerned any Reserve— 

(1) who has been absent without authority for at least 

three months; 

(2) who may be separated under section 12687 of this title 

by reason of a sentence to confinement adjudged by a courtmartial; or 

(3) who is sentenced to confinement in a Federal or State 

penitentiary or correctional institution after having been found 

guilty of an offense by a court other than a court-martial or 

other military court, and whose sentence has become final. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998; amended 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 563(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 325.) 

§ 12685. Reserves separated for cause: character of discharge 

A member of a reserve component who is separated for cause, 

except under section 12684 of this title, is entitled to a discharge 

under honorable conditions unless— 

(1) the member is discharged under conditions other than 

honorable under an approved sentence of a court-martial or 

under the approved findings of a board of officers convened by 

an authority designated by the Secretary concerned; or 

(2) the member consents to a discharge under conditions 

other than honorable with a waiver of proceedings of a courtmartial or a board. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998.) 

§ 12686. Reserves on active duty within two years of retirement eligibility: limitation on release from active 

duty 

(a) LIMITATION.—Under regulations to be prescribed by the 

Secretary concerned, which shall be as uniform as practicable, a 

member of a reserve component who is on active duty (other than 

for training) and is within two years of becoming eligible for retired 

pay or retainer pay under a purely military retirement system 

(other than the retirement system under chapter 1223 of this title), 

may not be involuntarily released from that duty before he becomes 

eligible for that pay, unless the release is approved by the Secretary. 

(b) WAIVER.—With respect to a member of a reserve component 

who is to be ordered to active duty (other than for training) under 

section 12301 of this title pursuant to an order to active duty that 

specifies a period of less than 180 days and who (but for this subsection) would be covered by subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may require, as a condition of such order to active duty, 

that the member waive the applicability of subsection (a) to the 

member for the period of active duty covered by that order. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary concerned may require that 
2321 § 12687 CH. 1221—SEPARATION 

a waiver under the preceding sentence be executed before the period of active duty begins. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(i)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998; amended 

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 533, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2520; Pub. L. 108–375, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 522, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1888.) 

§ 12687. Reserves under confinement by sentence of courtmartial: separation after six months confinement 

Except as otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the 

Secretary of Defense, a Reserve sentenced by a court-martial to a 

period of confinement for more than six months may be separated 

from that Reserve’s armed force at any time after the sentence to 

confinement has become final under chapter 47 of this title and the 

Reserve has served in confinement for a period of six months. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, Sec. 563(a)(2)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 325.) 
2322 

CHAPTER 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR 

SERVICE 

Sec. 

12731. Age and service requirements. 

12731a. Temporary special retirement qualification authority. 

12731b. Special rule for members with physical disabilities not incurred in line 

of duty. 

12732. Entitlement to retired pay: computation of years of service. 

12733. Computation of retired pay: computation of years of service. 

12734. Time not creditable toward years of service. 

12735. Inactive status list. 

12736. Service credited for retired pay benefits not excluded for other benefits. 

12737. Limitation on active duty. 

12738. Limitations on revocation of retired pay. 

12739. Computation of retired pay. 

12740. Eligibility: denial upon certain punitive discharges or dismissals. 

12741. Retirement for service in an active status performed in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve after eligibility for regular retirement. 

§ 12731. Age and service requirements 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), a person is entitled, 

upon application, to retired pay computed under section 12739 of 

this title, if the person— 

(1) has attained the eligibility age applicable under subsection (f) to that person; 

(2) has performed at least 20 years of service computed 

under section 12732 of this title; 

(3) in the case of a person who completed the service requirements of paragraph (2) before April 25, 2005, performed 

the last six years of qualifying service while a member of any 

category named in section 12732(a)(1) of this title, but not 

while a member of a regular component, the Fleet Reserve, or 

the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, except that in the case of a 

person who completed the service requirements of paragraph 

(2) before October 5, 1994, the number of years of such qualifying service under this paragraph shall be eight; and 

(4) is not entitled, under any other provision of law, to retired pay from an armed force or retainer pay as a member of 

the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve. 

(b) Application for retired pay under this section must be made 

to the Secretary of the military department, or the Secretary of 

Homeland Security, as the case may be, having jurisdiction at the 

time of application over the armed force in which the applicant is 

serving or last served. 

(c)(1) A person who, before August 16, 1945, was a Reserve of 

an armed force, or a member of the Army without component or 

other category covered by section 12732(a)(1) of this title except a 

regular component, is not eligible for retired pay under this chapter 

unless— 
2323 § 12731 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

(A) the person performed active duty during World War I 

or World War II; or 

(B) the person performed active duty (other than for training) during the Korean conflict, the Berlin crisis, or the Vietnam era. 

(2) In this subsection: 

(A) The term ‘‘World War I’’ means the period beginning 

on April 6, 1917, and ending on November 11, 1918. 

(B) The term ‘‘World War II’’ means the period beginning 

on September 9, 1940, and ending on December 31, 1946. 

(C) The term ‘‘Korean conflict’’ means the period beginning 

on June 27, 1950, and ending on July 27, 1953. 

(D) The term ‘‘Berlin crisis’’ means the period beginning on 

August 14, 1961, and ending on May 30, 1963. 

(E) The term ‘‘Vietnam era’’ means the period beginning on 

August 5, 1964, and ending on March 27, 1973. 

(d) The Secretary concerned shall notify each person who has 

completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay 

under this chapter. The notice shall be sent, in writing, to the person concerned within one year after the person completes that service. The notice shall include notice of the elections available to such 

person under the Survivor Benefit Plan established under subchapter II of chapter 73 of this title and the Supplemental Survivor 

Benefit Plan established under subchapter III of that chapter, and 

the effects of such elections. 

(e) Notwithstanding section 8301 of title 5, the date of entitlement to retired pay under this section shall be the date on which 

the requirements of subsection (a) have been completed. 

(f)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the eligibility age for purposes 

of subsection (a)(1) is 60 years of age. 

(2)(A) In the case of a person who as a member of the Ready 

Reserve serves on active duty or performs active service described 

in subparagraph (B) after January 28, 2008, the eligibility age for 

purposes of subsection (a)(1) shall be reduced below 60 years of age 

by three months for each aggregate of 90 days on which such person so performs in any fiscal year after such date, subject to subparagraph (C). A day of duty may be included in only one aggregate of 90 days for purposes of this subparagraph. 

(B)(i) Service on active duty described in this subparagraph is 

service on active duty pursuant to a call or order to active duty 

under a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) or 

under section 12301(d) of this title. Such service does not include 

service on active duty pursuant to a call or order to active duty 

under section 12310 of this title. 

(ii) Active service described in this subparagraph is also service 

under a call to active service authorized by the President or the 

Secretary of Defense under section 502(f) of title 32 for purposes of 

responding to a national emergency declared by the President or 

supported by Federal funds. 

(C) The eligibility age for purposes of subsection (a)(1) may not 

be reduced below 50 years of age for any person under subparagraph (A). 

(iii) If a member described in subparagraph (A) is wounded or 

otherwise injured or becomes ill while serving on active duty pur-
§ 12731a CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 2324 

suant to a call or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in the first sentence of clause (i) or in clause (ii), and the 

member is then ordered to active duty under section 12301(h)(1) of 

this title to receive medical care for the wound, injury, or illness, 

each day of active duty under that order for medical care shall be 

treated as a continuation of the original call or order to active duty 

for purposes of reducing the eligibility age of the member under 

this paragraph. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 102, Sec. 1331; Pub. L. 85–704, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 702; 

Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(8), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1564; Pub. L. 89–652, Sec. 1, Oct. 14, 1966, 

80 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 90–485, Sec. 2, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 95–397, title II, Sec. 

206, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(47), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 

2924; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, Sec. 924(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 644; Pub. L. 101–189, div. 

A, title XIV, Sec. 1404(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1586; renumbered Sec. 12731 and amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, Sec. 636, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2790, 

2999; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(20), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 

105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(n)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2026; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 

[[div. A], title V, Sec. 571(n)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–135; Pub. L. 107–296, 

title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

631(a), (b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2571, 2572; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 501(f), Oct. 

28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(40), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 

Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 647(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 

111–84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(35), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 111–383, div. 

A, title VI, Sec. 633, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4240.) 

§ 12731a. Temporary special retirement qualification authority 

(a) RETIREMENT WITH AT LEAST 15 YEARS OF SERVICE.—For 

the purposes of section 12731 of this title, the Secretary concerned 

may— 

(1) during the period described in subsection (b), determine 

to treat a member of the Selected Reserve of a reserve component of the armed force under the jurisdiction of that Secretary 

as having met the service requirements of subsection (a)(2) of 

that section and provide the member with the notification required by subsection (d) of that section if the member— 

(A) as of October 1, 1991, has completed at least 15, 

and less than 20, years of service computed under section 

12732 of this title; or 

(B) after that date and before the end of the period described in subsection (b), completes 15 years of service 

computed under that section; and 

(2) upon the request of the member submitted to the Secretary, transfer the member to the Retired Reserve. 

(b) PERIOD OF AUTHORITY.—The period referred to in subsection (a)(1) is the period beginning on October 23, 1992, and ending on December 31, 2001. 

(c) APPLICABILITY SUBJECT TO NEEDS OF THE SERVICE.—(1) The 

Secretary concerned may limit the applicability of subsection (a) to 

any category of personnel defined by the Secretary in order to meet 

a need of the armed force under the jurisdiction of the Secretary 

to reduce the number of members in certain grades, the number of 

members who have completed a certain number of years of service, 

or the number of members who possess certain military skills or 

are serving in designated competitive categories. 

(2) A limitation under paragraph (1) shall be consistent with 

the purpose set forth in section 4414(a) of the National Defense Au-
2325 § 12732 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

thorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102–484; 106 Stat. 

2713). 

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4415(2) of the Defense Conversion, Reinvestment, and Transition Assistance Act of 

1992 (division D of Public Law 102–484; 106 Stat. 2714), the Secretary concerned may, consistent with the other provisions of this 

section, provide the notification required by section 12731(d) of this 

title to a member who no longer meets the qualifications for membership in the Selected Reserve solely because the member is unfit 

because of physical disability. Such notification may not be made 

if the disability is the result of the member’s intentional misconduct, willful neglect, or willful failure to comply with standards 

and qualifications for retention established by the Secretary concerned or was incurred during a period of unauthorized absence. 

(d) EXCLUSION.—This section does not apply to persons referred to in section 12731(c) of this title. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—The authority provided in this section shall 

be subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense 

and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 

Coast Guard. 

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, Sec. 4417(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2716, Sec. 

1331a; amended Pub. L. 103–35, title II, Sec. 201(f)(2), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 99; Pub. L. 103– 

160, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(f)(4), 564(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1668, 1670; renumbered Sec. 

12731a and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, Sec. 517, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 

5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2754, 2998, 3000; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(21), Feb. 

21, 1996, 110 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(n)(2), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 

2026; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 571(n)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–135; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 12731b. Special rule for members with physical disabilities 

not incurred in line of duty 

(a) In the case of a member of the Selected Reserve of a reserve 

component who no longer meets the qualifications for membership 

in the Selected Reserve solely because the member is unfit because 

of physical disability, the Secretary concerned may, for purposes of 

section 12731 of this title, determine to treat the member as having 

met the service requirements of subsection (a)(2) of that section 

and provide the member with the notification required by subsection (d) of that section if the member has completed at least 15, 

and less than 20, years of service computed under section 12732 of 

this title. 

(b) Notification under subsection (a) may not be made if— 

(1) the disability was the result of the member’s intentional misconduct, willful neglect, or willful failure to comply 

with standards and qualifications for retention established by 

the Secretary concerned; or 

(2) the disability was incurred during a period of unauthorized absence. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, Sec. 653(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 666.) 

§ 12732. Entitlement to retired pay: computation of years of 

service 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), for the purpose of determining whether a person is entitled to retired pay under section 

12731 of this title, the person’s years of service are computed by 

adding the following: 
§ 12732 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 2326 

(1) The person’s years of service, before July 1, 1949, in 

the following: 

(A) The armed forces. 

(B) The federally recognized National Guard before 

June 15, 1933. 

(C) A federally recognized status in the National 

Guard before June 15, 1933. 

(D) The National Guard after June 14, 1933, if his 

service therein was continuous from the date of his enlistment in the National Guard, or his Federal recognition as 

an officer therein, to the date of his enlistment or appointment, as the case may be, in the National Guard of the 

United States, the Army National Guard of the United 

States, or the Air National Guard of the United States. 

(E) The Navy Reserve Force. 

(F) The Naval Militia that conformed to the standards 

prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy. 

(G) The National Naval Volunteers. 

(H) The Army Nurse Corps, the Navy Nurse Corps, 

the Nurse Corps Reserve of the Army, or the Nurse Corps 

Reserve of the Navy, as it existed at any time after February 2, 1901. 

(I) The Army under an appointment under the Act of 

December 22, 1942 (ch. 805, 56 Stat. 1072). 

(J) An active full-time status, except as a student or 

apprentice, with the Medical Department of the Army as 

a civilian employee— 

(i) in the dietetic or physical therapy categories, if 

the service was performed after April 6, 1917, and before April 1, 1943; or 

(ii) in the occupational therapy category, if the 

service was performed before appointment in the 

Army Nurse Corps or the Women’s Medical Specialist 

Corps and before January 1, 1949, or before appointment in the Air Force before January 1, 1949, with a 

view to designation as an Air Force nurse or medical 

specialist. 

(2) Each one-year period, after July 1, 1949, in which the 

person has been credited with at least 50 points on the following basis: 

(A) One point for each day of— 

(i) active service; or 

(ii) full-time service under sections 316, 502, 503, 

504, and 505 of title 32 while performing annual training duty or while attending a prescribed course of instruction at a school designated as a service school by 

law or by the Secretary concerned; 

if that service conformed to required standards and qualifications. 

(B) One point for each attendance at a drill or period 

of equivalent instruction that was prescribed for that year 

by the Secretary concerned and conformed to the requirements prescribed by law, including attendance under section 502 of title 32. 
2327 § 12732 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

(C) Points at the rate of 15 a year for membership— 

(i) in a reserve component of an armed force, 

(ii) in the Army or the Air Force without component, or 

(iii) in any other category covered by subsection 

(a)(1) except a regular component. 

(D) Points credited for the year under section 2126(b) 

of this title. 

(E) One point for each day on which funeral honors 

duty is performed for at least two hours under section 

12503 of this title or section 115 of title 32, unless the duty 

is performed while in a status for which credit is provided 

under another subparagraph of this paragraph. 

For the purpose of clauses (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), service in 

the National Guard shall be treated as if it were service in a 

reserve component, if the person concerned was later appointed 

in the National Guard of the United States, the Army National 

Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the 

United States, or as a Reserve of the Army or the Air Force, 

and served continuously in the National Guard from the date 

of his Federal recognition to the date of that appointment. 

(3) The person’s years of active service in the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service. 

(4) The person’s years of active commissioned service in 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (including active commissioned service in the Environmental Science 

Services Administration and in the Coast and Geodetic Survey). 

(b) The following service may not be counted under subsection 

(a): 

(1) Service (other than active service) in an inactive section 

of the Organized Reserve Corps or of the Army Reserve, or in 

an inactive section of the officers’ section of the Air Force Reserve. 

(2) Service (other than active service) after June 30, 1949, 

while on the Honorary Retired List of the Navy Reserve or of 

the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(3) Service in the inactive National Guard. 

(4) Service in a non-federally recognized status in the National Guard. 

(5) Service in the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps 

Reserve. 

(6) Service as an inactive Reserve nurse of the Army Nurse 

Corps established by the Act of February 2, 1901 (ch. 192, 31 

Stat. 753), as amended, and service before July 1, 1938, as an 

inactive Reserve nurse of the Navy Nurse Corps established by 

the Act of May 13, 1908 (ch. 166, 35 Stat. 146). 

(7) Service in any status other than that as commissioned 

officer, warrant officer, nurse, flight officer, aviation midshipman, appointed aviation cadet, or enlisted member, and 

that described in clauses (I) and (J) of subsection (a)(1). 

(8) Service in the screening performed pursuant to section 

10149 of this title through electronic means, regardless of 
§ 12733 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 2328 

whether or not a stipend is paid the member concerned for 

such service under section 433a of title 37. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 102, Sec. 1332; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(9), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 86–197, Sec. 1(1)–(3), Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 88–636, Sec. 

1, Oct. 8, 1964, 78 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 93–545, Sec. 1, Dec. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1741; Pub. L. 

96–513, title V, Sec. 511(48), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2924; renumbered Sec. 12732 and amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3000; Pub. L. 

104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 543(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 578(h)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(MM), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 633(c), Jan. 

28, 2008, 122 Stat. 155.) 

§ 12733. Computation of retired pay: computation of years of 

service 

For the purpose of computing the retired pay of a person under 

this chapter, the person’s years of service and any fraction of such 

a year are computed by dividing 360 into the sum of the following: 

(1) The person’s days of active service. 

(2) The person’s days of full-time service under sections 

316, 502, 503, 504, and 505 of title 32 while performing annual 

training duty or while attending a prescribed course of instruction at a school designated as a service school by law or by the 

Secretary concerned. 

(3) One day for each point credited to the person under 

clause (B), (C), or (D) of section 12732(a)(2) of this title, but not 

more than— 

(A) 60 days in any one year of service before the year 

of service that includes September 23, 1996; 

(B) 75 days in the year of service that includes September 23, 1996, and in any subsequent year of service before the year of service that includes October 30, 2000; 

(C) 90 days in the year of service that includes October 30, 2000, and in any subsequent year of service before 

the year of service that includes October 30, 2007; and 

(D) 130 days in the year of service that includes October 30, 2007, and in any subsequent year of service. 

(4) One day for each point credited to the person under 

subparagraph (E) of section 12732(a)(2) of this title. 

(5) 50 days for each year before July 1, 1949, and proportionately for each fraction of a year, of service (other than active service) in a reserve component of an armed force, in the 

Army or the Air Force without component, or in any other category covered by section 12732(a)(1) of this title, except a regular component. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 103, Sec. 1333; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 33(a)(10), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1565; renumbered Sec. 12733 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3002; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Secs. 531(a), 

543(b)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2517, 2522; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(67), 

(c)(4), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1904; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 578(h)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 

113 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title VI, Sec. 652], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–163; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(c)(16), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1227; Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 648, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 161.) 

§ 12734. Time not creditable toward years of service 

(a) Service in an inactive status may not be counted in any 

computation of years of service under this chapter. 

(b) Time spent after retirement (without pay) for failure to conform to standards and qualifications prescribed under section 
2329 § 12738 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

12641 of this title may not be credited in a computation of years 

of service under this chapter. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 104, Sec. 1334; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, Sec. 108, Sept. 7, 

1962, 76 Stat. 509; renumbered Sec. 12734 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 

1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3003.) 

§ 12735. Inactive status list 

(a) A member who would be eligible for retired pay under this 

chapter but for the fact that that member is under 60 years of age 

may be transferred, at his request and by direction of the Secretary 

concerned, to such inactive status list as may be established for 

members of his armed force, other than members of a regular component. 

(b) While on an inactive status list under subsection (a), a 

member is not required to participate in any training or other program prescribed for his component. 

(c) The Secretary may at any time recall to active status a 

member who is on an inactive status list under subsection (a). 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 104, Sec. 1335; renumbered Sec. 12735 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3003.) 

§ 12736. Service credited for retired pay benefits not excluded for other benefits 

No period of service included wholly or partly in determining 

a person’s right to, or the amount of, retired pay under this chapter 

may be excluded in determining his eligibility for any annuity, pension, or old-age benefit, under any other law, on account of civilian 

employment by the United States or otherwise, or in determining 

the amount payable under that law, if that service is otherwise 

properly credited under it. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 104, Sec. 1336; renumbered Sec. 12736 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3003.) 

§ 12737. Limitation on active duty 

A member of the armed forces may not be ordered to active 

duty solely for the purpose of qualifying the member for retired pay 

under this chapter. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 104, Sec. 1337; renumbered Sec. 12737 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3003.) 

§ 12738. Limitations on revocation of retired pay 

(a) After a person is granted retired pay under this chapter, or 

is notified in accordance with section 12731(d) of this title that the 

person has completed the years of service required for eligibility for 

retired pay under this chapter, the person’s eligibility for retired 

pay may not be denied or revoked on the basis of any error, miscalculation, misinformation, or administrative determination of 

years of service performed as required by section 12731(a)(2) of this 

title, unless it resulted directly from the fraud or misrepresentation 

of the person. 

(b) The number of years of creditable service upon which retired pay is computed may be adjusted to correct any error, miscalculation, misinformation, or administrative determination and 

when such a correction is made the person is entitled to retired pay 
§ 12739 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 2330 

in accordance with the number of years of creditable service, as 

corrected, from the date the person is granted retired pay. 

(Added Pub. L. 89–652, Sec. 2(1), Oct. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 902, Sec. 1406; renumbered Sec. 1338 

and amended Pub. L. 99–348, title I, Sec. 104(a), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 686; renumbered Sec. 

12738 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 

2998, 3003.) 

§ 12739. Computation of retired pay 

(a) The monthly retired pay of a person entitled to that pay 

under this chapter is the product of— 

(1) the retired pay base for that person as computed under 

section 1406(b)(2) or 1407 of this title; and 

(2) 21⁄2 percent of the years of service credited to that person under section 12733 of this title. 

(b) If a person entitled to retired pay under this chapter has 

been credited by the Secretary concerned with extraordinary heroism in the line of duty and if the highest grade held satisfactorily 

by that person at any time in the armed forces is an enlisted grade, 

the person’s retired pay shall be increased by 10 percent of the 

amount determined under subsection (a). The Secretary’s determination as to extraordinary heroism is conclusive for all purposes. 

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the total amount of 

the monthly retired pay computed under subsections (a) and (b) 

may not exceed 75 percent of the retired pay base upon which the 

computation is based. 

(2) In the case of a person who retires after December 31, 

2006, with more than 30 years of service credited to that person 

under section 12733 of this title, the total amount of the monthly 

retired pay computed under subsections (a) and (b) may not exceed 

the sum of— 

(A) 75 percent of the retired pay base upon which the computation is based; and 

(B) the product of— 

(i) the retired pay base upon which the computation is 

based; and 

(ii) 21⁄2 percent of the years of service credited to that 

person under section 12733 of this title, for service under 

conditions authorized for purposes of this paragraph during a period designated by the Secretary of Defense for 

purposes of this paragraph. 

(d) Amounts computed under this section, if not a multiple of 

$1, shall be rounded down to the next lower multiple of $1. 

(e)(1) If a member of the Retired Reserve is recalled to an active status in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve under section 10145(d) of this title and completes not less than two years of 

service in such active status, the member is entitled to the recomputation under this section of the retired pay of the member. 

(2) The Secretary concerned may reduce the two-year service 

requirement specified in paragraph (1) in the case of a member 

who— 

(A) is recalled to serve in a position of adjutant general required under section 314 of title 32 or in a position of assistant 

adjutant general subordinate to such a position of adjutant 

general; 
2331 § 12741 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 

(B) completes at least one year of service in such position; 

and 

(C) fails to complete the minimum two years of service 

solely because the appointment of the member to such position 

is terminated or vacated as described in section 324(b) of title 

32. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3004; amended 

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, Sec. 632(a), (b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2572; Pub. L. 109– 

364, div. A, title VI, Sec. 642(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2259; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, 

Sec. 642(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2365.) 

§ 12740. Eligibility: denial upon certain punitive discharges 

or dismissals 

A person who— 

(1) is convicted of an offense under the Uniform Code of 

Military Justice (chapter 47 of this title) and whose sentence 

includes death; or 

(2) is separated pursuant to sentence of a court-martial 

with a dishonorable discharge, a bad conduct discharge, or (in 

the case of an officer) a dismissal, 

is not eligible for retired pay under this chapter. 

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, Sec. 632(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 365.) 

§ 12741. Retirement for service in an active status performed in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve after eligibility for regular retirement 

(a) AUTHORITY TO ELECT TO RECEIVE RESERVE RETIRED PAY.— (1) Notwithstanding the requirement in paragraph (4) of section 

12731(a) of this title that a person may not receive retired pay 

under this chapter when the person is entitled, under any other 

provision of law, to retired pay or retainer pay, a person may elect 

to receive retired pay under this chapter, instead of receiving retired or retainer pay under chapter 65, 367, 571, or 867 of this 

title, if the person— 

(A) satisfies the requirements specified in paragraphs (1) 

and (2) of such section for entitlement to retired pay under this 

chapter; 

(B) served in an active status in the Selected Reserve of 

the Ready Reserve after becoming eligible for retirement under 

chapter 65, 367, 571, or 867 of this title (without regard to 

whether the person actually retired or received retired or retainer pay under one of those chapters); and 

(C) completed not less than two years of satisfactory service (as determined by the Secretary concerned) in such active 

status (excluding any period of active service). 

(2) The Secretary concerned may reduce the minimum twoyear service requirement specified in paragraph (1)(C) in the case 

of a person who— 

(A) completed at least one year of service in a position of 

adjutant general required under section 314 of title 32 or in a 

position of assistant adjutant general subordinate to such a position of adjutant general; and 

(B) failed to complete the minimum years of service solely 

because the appointment of the person to such position was 

terminated or vacated as described in section 324(b) of title 32. 
§ 12741 CH. 1223—RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE 2332 

(b) ACTIONS TO EFFECTUATE ELECTION.—As of the effective 

date of an election made by a person under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall— 

(1) terminate the eligibility of the person to retire under 

chapter 65, 367, 571, or 867 of this title, if the person is not 

already retired under one of those chapters, and terminate entitlement of the person to retired or retainer pay under one of 

those chapters, if the person was already receiving retired or 

retainer pay under one of those chapters; and 

(2) in the case of a reserve commissioned officer, transfer 

the officer to the Retired Reserve. 

(c) TIME AND FORM OF ELECTION.—An election under subsection (a) shall be made within such time and in such form as the 

Secretary concerned requires. 

(d) EFFECTIVE DATE OF ELECTION.—An election made by a person under subsection (a) shall be effective— 

(1) except as provided in paragraph (2)(B), as of the date 

on which the person attains the eligibility age applicable to the 

person under section 12731(f) of this title, if the Secretary concerned receives the election in accordance with this section 

within 180 days after that date; or 

(2) on the first day of the first month that begins after the 

date on which the Secretary concerned receives the election in 

accordance with this section, if— 

(A) the date of the receipt of the election is more than 

180 days after the date on which the person attains the 

eligibility age applicable to the person under such section; 

or 

(B) the person retires from service in an active status 

within that 180-day period. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title VI, Sec. 653(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 

1654A–164; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, Sec. 1048(a)(31), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 

1225; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(41), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 

111–84, div. A, title VI, Sec. 643(a)–(c), (e)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2366, 2367.) 
2333 

CHAPTER 1225—RETIRED GRADE 

Sec. 

12771. Reserve officers: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve. 

12772. Reserve commissioned officers who have served as Attending Physician 

to the Congress: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve. 

12773. Limitation on accrual of increased pay or benefits. 

12774. Retired lists. 

§ 12771. Reserve officers: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve 

(a) GRADE ON TRANSFER.—Unless entitled to a higher grade 

under another provision of law, a reserve commissioned officer, 

other than a commissioned warrant officer, who is transferred to 

the Retired Reserve is entitled to be placed on the retired list established by section 12774(a) of this title in the highest grade in 

which he served satisfactorily, as determined by the Secretary concerned and in accordance with section 1370(d), in the armed force 

in which he is serving on the date of transfer. 

(b) EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT RECALL TO ACTIVE STATUS.—(1) If 

a member of the Retired Reserve who is a commissioned officer is 

recalled to an active status in the Selected Reserve of the Ready 

Reserve under section 10145(d) of this title and completes not less 

than two years of service in such active status, the member is entitled to an adjustment in the retired grade of the member in the 

manner provided in section 1370(d) of this title. 

(2) The Secretary concerned may reduce the two-year service 

requirement specified in paragraph (1) in the case of a member 

who— 

(A) is recalled to serve in a position of adjutant general required under section 314 of title 32 or in a position of assistant 

adjutant general subordinate to such a position of adjutant 

general; 

(B) completes at least one year of service in such position; 

and 

(C) fails to complete the minimum two years of service 

solely because the appointment of the member to such position 

is terminated or vacated as described in section 324(b) of title 

32. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(k)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3005; amended 

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, Sec. 642(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2365.) 

§ 12772. Reserve commissioned officers who have served as 

Attending Physician to the Congress: grade on 

transfer to Retired Reserve 

Unless entitled to a higher grade under another provision of 

law, a reserve commissioned officer who is transferred to the Retired Reserve after having served in the position of Attending Physician to the Congress is entitled to be placed on the retired list es-
§ 12773 CH. 1225—RETIRED GRADE 2334 

tablished by section 12774(a) of this title in the grade held by the 

officer while serving in that position. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(k)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3005.) 

§ 12773. Limitation on accrual of increased pay or benefits 

Unless otherwise provided by law, no person is entitled to increased pay or other benefits because of sections 12771 and 12772 

of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(k)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3005.) 

§ 12774. Retired lists 

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, 

there shall be maintained retired lists containing the names of the 

Reserves of the armed forces under the Secretary’s jurisdiction who 

are in the Retired Reserve. 

(b) The Secretary of the Navy shall maintain a United States 

Naval Reserve Retired List containing the names of members of 

the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve entitled to retired 

pay. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1662(k)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006; amended 

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(NN), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 
2335 

PART III—PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF 

OFFICERS ON THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS 

LIST 

Chap. Sec. 

1401. Applicability and Reserve Active-Status Lists ............. 14001 

1403. Selection Boards .............................................................. 14101 

1405. Promotions ....................................................................... 14301 

1407. Failure of Selection for Promotion and Involuntary 

Separation .................................................................... 14501 

1409. Continuation of Officers on the Reserve Active-Status 

List and Selective Early Removal .............................. 14701 

1411. Additional Provisions Relating to Involuntary Separation ................................................................................ 14901 

2337 

CHAPTER 1401—APPLICABILITY AND RESERVE ACTIVESTATUS LISTS 

Sec. 

14001. Applicability of this part. 

14002. Reserve active-status lists: requirement for each armed force. 

14003. Reserve active-status lists: position of officers on the list. 

14004. Reserve active-status lists: eligibility for Reserve promotion. 

14005. Competitive categories. 

14006. Determination of years in grade. 

§ 14001. Applicability of this part 

This chapter and chapters 1403 through 1411 of this title 

apply, as appropriate, to all reserve officers of the Army, Navy, Air 

Force, and Marine Corps except warrant officers. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2922.) 

§ 14002. Reserve active-status lists: requirement for each 

armed force 

(a) The Secretary of each military department shall maintain 

a single list, to be known as the reserve active-status list, for each 

armed force under the Secretary’s jurisdiction. That list shall include the names of all reserve officers of that armed force who are 

in an active status other than those on an active-duty list described 

in section 620 of this title or warrant officers (including commissioned warrant officers). 

(b) The reserve active-status list for the Army shall include officers in the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard of the 

United States. The reserve active-status list for the Air Force shall 

include officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National 

Guard of the United States. The Secretary of the Navy shall maintain separate lists for the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2922; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(OO), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14003. Reserve active-status lists: position of officers on 

the list 

(a) POSITION ON LIST.—Officers shall be carried on the reserve 

active-status list of the armed force of which they are members in 

the order of seniority of the grade in which they are serving in an 

active status. Officers serving in the same grade shall be carried 

in the order of their rank in that grade. 

(b) EFFECT ON POSITION HELD BY REASON OF TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT OR ASSIGNMENT.—An officer whose position on the reserve active-status list results from service under a temporary appointment or in a grade held by reason of assignment to a position 

has, when that appointment or assignment ends, the grade and po-
§ 14004 CH. 1401—APPLICABILITY & RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LISTS 2338 

sition on that list that the officer would have held if the officer had 

not received that appointment or assignment. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2923; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(22), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497.) 

§ 14004. Reserve active-status lists: eligibility for Reserve 

promotion 

Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer must be on a 

reserve active-status list to be eligible under chapter 1405 of this 

title for consideration for selection for promotion or for promotion. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2923.) 

§ 14005. Competitive categories 

Each officer whose name appears on a reserve active-status list 

shall be placed in a competitive category. The competitive categories for each armed force shall be specified by the Secretary of 

the military department concerned under regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary of Defense. Officers in the same competitive category 

shall compete among themselves for promotion. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2923.) 

§ 14006. Determination of years in grade 

For the purpose of chapters 1403 through 1411 of this title, an 

officer’s years of service in a grade are computed from the officer’s 

date of rank in grade as determined under section 741(d) of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2923.) 
2339 

CHAPTER 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

Sec. 

14101. Convening of selection boards. 

14102. Selection boards: appointment and composition. 

14103. Oath of members. 

14104. Nondisclosure of board proceedings. 

14105. Notice of convening of promotion board. 

14106. Communication with board by officers under consideration. 

14107. Information furnished by the Secretary concerned to promotion boards. 

14108. Recommendations by promotion boards. 

14109. Reports of promotion boards: in general. 

14110. Reports of promotion boards: review by Secretary. 

14111. Reports of selection boards: transmittal to President. 

14112. Dissemination of names of officers selected. 

§ 14101. Convening of selection boards 

(a) PROMOTION BOARDS.—(1) Whenever the needs of the Army, 

Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps require, the Secretary concerned 

shall convene a selection board to recommend for promotion to the 

next higher grade, under chapter 1405 of this title, officers on the 

reserve active-status list of that armed force in a permanent grade 

from first lieutenant through brigadier general or, in the case of 

the Navy Reserve, lieutenant (junior grade) through rear admiral 

(lower half). A selection board convened under this subsection shall 

be known as a ‘‘promotion board’’. 

(2) A promotion board convened to recommend reserve officers 

of the Army or reserve officers of the Air Force for promotion (A) 

to fill a position vacancy under section 14315 of this title, or (B) 

to the grade of brigadier general or major general, shall be known 

as a ‘‘vacancy promotion board’’. Any other promotion board convened under this subsection shall be known as a ‘‘mandatory promotion board’’. 

(3) Paragraph (1) does not require the convening of a selection 

board in the case of officers in the permanent grade of first lieutenant or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) when the 

Secretary concerned recommends for promotion to the next higher 

grade under section 14308(b)(4) of this title all such officers whom 

the Secretary finds to be fully qualified for promotion. 

(b) SELECTIVE EARLY SEPARATION BOARDS.—Whenever the 

needs of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps require, the 

Secretary concerned may convene a selection board to recommend 

officers of that armed force— 

(1) for selective early removal from the reserve activestatus list under section 14704 of this title; or 

(2) for selective early retirement under section 14705 of 

this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2924; amended Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 514(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 505(b)(3), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 
§ 14102 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 2340 

511(b)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(PP), Jan. 

6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14102. Selection boards: appointment and composition 

(a) APPOINTMENT.—Members of selection boards convened 

under section 14101 of this title shall be appointed by the Secretary of the military department concerned in accordance with 

this section. Promotion boards and special selection boards shall 

consist of five or more officers. Selection boards convened under 

section 14101(b) of this title shall consist of three or more officers. 

All of the officers of any such selection board shall be of the same 

armed force as the officers under consideration by the board. 

(b) COMPOSITION.—At least one-half of the members of such a 

selection board shall be reserve officers, to include at least one reserve officer from each reserve component from which officers are 

to be considered by the board. Each member of a selection board 

must hold a permanent grade higher than the grade of the officers 

under consideration by the board, and no member of a board may 

hold a grade below major or lieutenant commander. 

(c) REPRESENTATION OF COMPETITIVE CATEGORIES.—(1) Except 

as provided in paragraph (2), a selection board shall include at 

least one officer from each competitive category of officers to be 

considered by the board. 

(2) A selection board need not include an officer from a competitive category to be considered by the board if there is no officer 

of that competitive category on the reserve active-status list or the 

active-duty list in a permanent grade higher than the grade of the 

officers to be considered by the board and otherwise eligible to 

serve on the board. However, in such a case, the Secretary of the 

military department concerned, in his discretion, may appoint as a 

member of the board a retired officer of that competitive category 

who is in the same armed force as the officers under consideration 

by the board who holds a higher grade than the grade of the officers under consideration. 

(d) PROHIBITION OF SERVICE ON CONSECUTIVE PROMOTION

BOARDS.—No officer may be a member of two successive promotion 

boards convened under section 14101(a) of this title for the consideration of officers of the same competitive category and grade if the 

second of the two boards is to consider any officer who was considered and not recommended for promotion to the next higher grade 

by the first of the two boards. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2924; amended Pub. 

L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(b)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1459.) 

§ 14103. Oath of members 

Each member of a selection board convened under section 

14101 of this title shall take an oath to perform the duties of a 

member of the board without prejudice or partiality, having in view 

both the special fitness of officers and the efficiency of the member’s armed force. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2925.) 

§ 14104. Nondisclosure of board proceedings 

(a) PROHIBITION ON DISCLOSURE.—The proceedings of a selection board convened under section 14101 or 14502 of this title may 
2341 § 14106 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

not be disclosed to any person not a member of the board, except 

as authorized or required to process the report of the board. This 

prohibition is a statutory exemption from disclosure, as described 

in section 552(b)(3) of title 5. 

(b) PROHIBITED USES OF BOARD DISCUSSIONS, DELIBERATIONS, 

NOTES, AND RECORDS.—The discussions and deliberations of a selection board described in subsection (a) and any written or documentary record of such discussions and deliberations— 

(1) are immune from legal process; 

(2) may not be admitted as evidence; and 

(3) may not be used for any purpose in any action, suit, or 

judicial or administrative proceeding without the consent of 

the Secretary of the military department concerned. 

(c) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies to all selection boards 

convened under section 14101 or 14502 of this title, regardless of 

the date on which the board was convened. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2925; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 547(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2216; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 503(c), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4208.) 

§ 14105. Notice of convening of promotion board 

(a) REQUIRED NOTICE.—At least 30 days before a promotion 

board is convened under section 14101(a) of this title to consider 

officers in a grade and competitive category for promotion to the 

next higher grade, the Secretary concerned shall either (1) notify 

in writing the officers eligible for consideration by the board for 

promotion regarding the convening of the board, or (2) issue a general written notice to the armed force concerned regarding the convening of the board. 

(b) CONTENT OF NOTICE.—A notice under subsection (a) shall 

include the date on which the board is to convene and (except in 

the case of a vacancy promotion board) the name and date of rank 

of the junior officer, and of the senior officer, in the promotion zone 

as of the date of the notice. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2925.) 

§ 14106. Communication with board by officers under consideration 

Subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned, an officer eligible for consideration by 

a promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title 

who is in the promotion zone or above the promotion zone, or who 

is to be considered by a vacancy promotion board, may send a written communication to the board calling attention to any matter 

concerning the officer which the officer considers important to the 

officer’s case. Any such communication shall be sent so as to arrive 

not later than the day before the date on which the board convenes. 

The board shall give consideration to any timely communication 

under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2925; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3227.) 
§ 14107 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 2342 

§ 14107. Information furnished by the Secretary concerned 

to promotion boards 

(a) INTEGRITY OF THE PROMOTION SELECTION BOARD PROCESS.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations governing information furnished to selection boards convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title. Those regulations shall apply uniformly among the military departments. Any regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of a military department to supplement those regulations may not take effect without the approval of the Secretary 

of Defense in writing. 

(2) No information concerning a particular eligible officer may 

be furnished to a selection board except for the following: 

(A) Information that is in the officer’s official military personnel file and that is provided to the selection board in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of 

Defense pursuant to paragraph (1). 

(B) Other information that is determined by the Secretary 

of the military department concerned, after review by that Secretary in accordance with standards and procedures set out in 

the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to paragraph (1), to be substantiated, relevant information 

that could reasonably and materially affect the deliberations of 

the promotion board. 

(C) Subject to such limitations as may be prescribed in 

those regulations, information communicated to the board by 

the officer in accordance with this section, section 14106 of this 

title (including any comment on information referred to in subparagraph (A) regarding that officer), or other applicable law. 

(D) A factual summary of the information described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) that, in accordance with the regulations prescribed pursuant to paragraph (1) is prepared by administrative personnel for the purpose of facilitating the work 

of the selection board. 

(3) In the case of an eligible officer considered for promotion to 

a grade above colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, any credible information of an adverse nature, including any substantiated 

adverse finding or conclusion from an officially documented investigation or inquiry, shall be furnished to the selection board in accordance with standards and procedures set out in the regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to paragraph (1). 

(4) Information provided to a promotion board in accordance 

with paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be made available to all members 

of the board and shall be made a part of the record of the board. 

Communication of such information shall be in a written form or 

in the form of an audio or video recording. If a communication is 

in the form of an audio or video recording, a written transcription 

of the recording shall also be made a part of the record of the promotion board. 

(5) Paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) do not apply to the furnishing 

of appropriate administrative processing information to the promotion board by an administrative staff designated to assist the 

board, but only to the extent that oral communications are necessary to facilitate the work of the board. 
2343 § 14107 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

(6) Information furnished to a promotion board that is described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (2), or in 

paragraph (3), may not be furnished to a later promotion board unless— 

(A) the information has been properly placed in the official 

military personnel file of the officer concerned; or 

(B) the information is provided to the later selection board 

in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable. 

(7)(A) Before information described in paragraph (2)(B) or (3) 

regarding an eligible officer is furnished to a selection board, the 

Secretary of the military department concerned shall ensure— 

(i) that such information is made available to such officer; 

and 

(ii) that the officer is afforded a reasonable opportunity to 

submit comments on that information to the promotion board. 

(B) If an officer cannot be given access to the information referred to in subparagraph (A) because of its classification status, 

the officer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be furnished 

an appropriate summary of the information. 

(b) INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED.—The Secretary of the 

military department concerned shall furnish to a promotion board 

convened under section 14101(a) of this title the following: 

(1) In the case of a mandatory promotion board, the maximum number (as determined in accordance with section 14307 

of this title) of officers in each competitive category under consideration that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion to the next higher grade. 

(2) The name of each officer in each competitive category 

under consideration who is to be considered by the board for 

promotion. 

(3) The pertinent records (as determined by the Secretary) 

of each officer whose name is furnished to the board. 

(4) Information or guidelines relating to the needs of the 

armed force concerned for officers having particular skills, including (except in the case of a vacancy promotion board) 

guidelines or information relating to either a minimum number 

or a maximum number of officers with particular skills within 

a competitive category. 

(5) Such other information or guidelines as the Secretary 

concerned may determine to be necessary to enable the board 

to perform its functions. 

(c) LIMITATION ON MODIFYING FURNISHED INFORMATION.—Information or guidelines furnished to a selection board under subsection (a) may not be modified, withdrawn, or supplemented after 

the board submits its report to the Secretary of the military department concerned pursuant to section 14109(a) of this title. However, 

in the case of a report returned to a board pursuant to section 

14110(a) of this title for further proceedings because of a determination by the Secretary of the military department concerned 

that the board acted contrary to law, regulation, or guidelines, the 

Secretary may modify, withdraw, or supplement such information 

or guidelines as part of a written explanation to the board as provided in that section. 
§ 14108 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 2344 

(d) OFFICERS IN HEALTH-PROFESSIONS COMPETITIVE CATEGORIES.—The Secretary of each military department, under uniform regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, shall include in guidelines furnished to a promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title that is considering officers in a healthprofessions competitive category for promotion to a grade below 

colonel or, in the case of officers of the Navy Reserve, captain, a 

direction that the board give consideration to an officer’s clinical 

proficiency and skill as a health professional to at least as great 

an extent as the board gives to the officer’s administrative and 

management skills. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2926; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Secs. 506(b), 515(b)(1)(QQ), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3227, 3234.) 

§ 14108. Recommendations by promotion boards 

(a) RECOMMENDATION OF BEST QUALIFIED OFFICERS.—A promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title shall 

recommend for promotion to the next higher grade those officers 

considered by the board whom the board considers best qualified 

for promotion within each competitive category considered by the 

board or, in the case of a vacancy promotion board, among those 

officers considered to fill a vacancy. In determining those officers 

who are best qualified for promotion, the board shall give due consideration to the needs of the armed force concerned for officers 

with particular skills (as noted in the guidelines or information furnished the board under section 14107 of this title). 

(b) ACTIONS REQUIRED.—A promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title may not recommend an officer for promotion unless— 

(1) the officer receives the recommendation of a majority of 

the members of the board; 

(2) a majority of the members of the board finds that the 

officer is fully qualified for promotion; and 

(3) a majority of the members of the board, after consideration by all members of the board of any adverse information 

about the officer that is provided to the board under section 

14107 of this title, finds that the officer is among the officers 

best qualified for promotion to meet the needs of the armed 

force concerned consistent with the requirement of exemplary 

conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as 

applicable. 

(c) BOARD RECOMMENDATION REQUIRED FOR PROMOTION.—Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer on the reserve activestatus list may not be promoted to a higher grade under chapter 

1405 of this title unless the officer is considered and recommended 

for promotion to that grade by a promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title (or by a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title). 

(d) DISCLOSURE OF BOARD RECOMMENDATIONS.—The recommendations of a promotion board may be disclosed only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

Those recommendations may not be disclosed to a person not a 

member of the board (or a member of the administrative staff designated by the Secretary concerned to assist the board) until the 
2345 § 14110 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

written report of the recommendations of the board, required by 

section 14109 of this title, is signed by each member of the board. 

(e) PROHIBITION OF COERCION AND UNAUTHORIZED INFLUENCE

OF ACTIONS OF BOARD MEMBERS.—The Secretary convening a promotion board under section 14101(a) of this title, and an officer or 

other official exercising authority over any member of a selection 

board, may not— 

(1) censure, reprimand, or admonish the selection board or 

any member of the board with respect to the recommendations 

of the board or the exercise of any lawful function within the 

authorized discretion of the board; or 

(2) attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence any action of a promotion board or any member of a promotion board in the formulation of the board’s recommendations. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2928; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2184.) 

§ 14109. Reports of promotion boards: in general 

(a) REPORT OF OFFICERS RECOMMENDED FOR PROMOTION.— 

Each promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title 

shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned 

a report in writing containing a list of the names of the officers recommended by the board for promotion. The report shall be signed 

by each member of the board. 

(b) CERTIFICATION.—Each report under subsection (a) shall include a certification— 

(1) that the board has carefully considered the record of 

each officer whose name was furnished to the board; and 

(2) that, in the case of a promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title, in the opinion of a majority of the 

members of the board, the officers recommended for promotion 

by the board are best qualified for promotion to meet the needs 

of the armed force concerned (as noted in the guidelines or information furnished the board under section 14107 of this title) 

among those officers whose names were furnished to the selection board. 

(c) SHOW-CAUSE RECOMMENDATIONS.—(1) A promotion board 

convened under section 14101(a) of this title shall include in its report to the Secretary concerned the name of any reserve officer before it for consideration for promotion whose record, in the opinion 

of a majority of the members of the board, indicates that the officer 

should be required to show cause for retention in an active status. 

(2) If such a report names an officer as having a record which 

indicates that the officer should be required to show cause for retention, the Secretary concerned may provide for the review of the 

record of that officer as provided under regulations prescribed 

under section 14902 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2928.) 

§ 14110. Reports of promotion boards: review by Secretary 

(a) REVIEW OF REPORT.—Upon receipt of the report of a promotion board submitted under section 14109(a) of this title, the 

Secretary of the military department concerned shall review the re-
§ 14111 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 2346 

port to determine whether the board has acted contrary to law or 

regulation or to guidelines furnished the board under section 

14107(a) of this title. Following that review, unless the Secretary 

concerned makes a determination as described in subsection (b), 

the Secretary shall submit the report as required by section 14111 

of this title. 

(b) RETURN OF REPORT FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS.—If, on the 

basis of a review of the report under subsection (a), the Secretary 

of the military department concerned determines that the board 

acted contrary to law or regulation or to guidelines furnished the 

board under section 14107(a) of this title, the Secretary shall return the report, together with a written explanation of the basis for 

such determination, to the board for further proceedings. Upon receipt of a report returned by the Secretary concerned under this 

subsection, the selection board (or a subsequent selection board 

convened under section 14101(a) of this title for the same grade 

and competitive category) shall conduct such proceedings as may be 

necessary in order to revise the report to be consistent with law, 

regulation, and such guidelines and shall resubmit the report, as 

revised, to the Secretary in accordance with section 14109 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2929.) 

§ 14111. Reports of selection boards: transmittal to President 

(a) TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT.—The Secretary concerned, 

after final review of the report of a selection board under section 

14110 of this title, shall submit the report with the Secretary’s recommendations, to the Secretary of Defense for transmittal by the 

Secretary to the President for approval or disapproval. If the authority of the President to approve or disapprove the report of a 

promotion board is delegated to the Secretary of Defense, that authority may not be redelegated except to an official in the Office of 

the Secretary of Defense. 

(b) REMOVAL OF NAME FROM BOARD REPORT.—(1) Except as 

provided in paragraph (2), the name of an officer recommended for 

promotion by a selection board may be removed from the report of 

the selection board only by the President. 

(2) In the case of an officer recommended by a selection board 

for promotion to a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral 

(lower half), the name of the officer may also be removed from the 

report of the selection board by the Secretary of Defense or the 

Deputy Secretary of Defense. 

(c) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REMOVAL OF SELECTED OFFICERS

FROM REPORT.—If the Secretary of a military department or the 

Secretary of Defense makes a recommendation under this section 

that the name of an officer be removed from the report of a promotion board and the recommendation is accompanied by information that was not presented to that promotion board, that information shall be made available to that officer. The officer shall then 

be afforded a reasonable opportunity to submit comments on that 

information to the officials making the recommendation and the officials reviewing the recommendation. If an eligible officer cannot 

be given access to such information because of its classification sta-
2347 § 14112 CH. 1403—SELECTION BOARDS 

tus, the officer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be provided with an appropriate summary of the information. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2929; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 513(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2185.) 

§ 14112. Dissemination of names of officers selected 

(a) TIME FOR DISSEMINATION.—The names of the officers recommended for promotion in the report of a selection board shall be 

disseminated to the armed force concerned as follows: 

(1) In the case of officers recommended for promotion to a 

grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half), 

such names may be disseminated upon, or at any time after, 

the transmittal of the report to the President. 

(2) In the case of officers recommended for promotion to a 

grade above colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, such 

names may be disseminated upon, or at any time after, the approval of the report by the President. 

(3) In the case of officers whose names have not been sooner disseminated, such names shall be promptly disseminated— 

(A) upon confirmation of the promotion of the officers 

by the Senate (in the case of promotions required to be 

submitted to the Senate for confirmation); or 

(B) upon the approval of the report by the President 

(in the case of promotions not required to be submitted to 

the Senate for confirmation). 

(b) NAMES NOT DISSEMINATED.—A list of names of officers disseminated under subsection (a) may not include— 

(1) any name removed by the President from the report of 

the selection board containing that name, if dissemination is 

under the authority of paragraph (2) or (3)(B) of that subsection; or 

(2) the name of any officer whose promotion the Senate 

failed to confirm, if dissemination is under the authority of 

paragraph (3)(A) of that subsection. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2930; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 503(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–101.) 
2348 

CHAPTER 1405—PROMOTIONS 

Sec. 

14301. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: general rules. 

14302. Promotion zones. 

14303. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: minimum years of service in 

grade. 

14304. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: maximum years of service in 

grade. 

14305. Establishment of promotion zones: mandatory consideration for promotion. 

14306. Establishment of promotion zones: Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve running mate system. 

14307. Number of officers to be recommended for promotion. 

14308. Promotions: how made. 

14309. Acceptance of promotion; oath of office. 

14310. Removal of officers from a list of officers recommended for promotion. 

14311. Delay of promotion: involuntary. 

14312. Delay of promotion: voluntary. 

14313. Authority to vacate promotions to grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half). 

14314. Army and Air Force commissioned officers: generals ceasing to occupy positions commensurate with grade; State adjutants general. 

14315. Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force officers. 

14316. Army National Guard and Air National Guard: appointment to and Federal recognition in a higher reserve grade after selection for promotion. 

14317. Officers in transition to and from the active-status list or active-duty list. 

§ 14301. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: general 

rules 

(a) ONE-YEAR RULE.—An officer is eligible under this chapter 

for consideration for promotion by a promotion board convened 

under section 14101(a) of this title only if— 

(1) the officer is on the reserve active-status list of the 

Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps; and 

(2) during the one-year period ending on the date of the 

convening of the promotion board the officer has continuously 

performed service on either the reserve active-status list or the 

active-duty list (or on a combination of both lists). 

(b) REQUIREMENT FOR CONSIDERATION OF ALL OFFICERS IN AND

ABOVE THE ZONE.—Whenever a promotion board (other than a vacancy promotion board) is convened under section 14101(a) of this 

title for consideration of officers in a competitive category who are 

eligible under this chapter for consideration for promotion to the 

next higher grade, each officer in the promotion zone, and each officer above the promotion zone, for that grade and competitive category shall be considered for promotion. 

(c) PREVIOUSLY SELECTED OFFICERS NOT ELIGIBLE TO BE CON- SIDERED.—A promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of 

this title may not consider for promotion to the next higher grade 

any of the following officers: 

(1) An officer whose name is on a promotion list for that 

grade as a result of recommendation for promotion to that 
2349 § 14301 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

grade any of the following officers: by an earlier selection board 

convened under that section or section 14502 of this title or 

under chapter 36 of this title. 

(2) An officer who is recommended for promotion to that 

grade in the report of an earlier selection board convened 

under a provision referred to in paragraph (1), in the case of 

such a report that has not yet been approved by the President. 

(3) An officer who has been approved for Federal recognition by a board convened under section 307 of title 32 and 

nominated by the President for promotion to that grade as a 

reserve of the Army or of the Air Force as the case may be, 

if that nomination is pending before the Senate. 

(4) An officer who has been nominated by the President for 

promotion to that grade under any other provision of law, if 

that nomination is pending before the Senate. 

(5) An officer in the grade of first lieutenant or, in the case 

of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) who is on an approved 

all-fully-qualified-officers list under section 14308(b)(4) of this 

title. 

(d) OFFICERS BELOW THE ZONE.—The Secretary of the military 

department concerned may, by regulation, prescribe procedures to 

limit the officers to be considered by a selection board from below 

the promotion zone to those officers who are determined to be exceptionally well qualified for promotion. The regulations shall include criteria for determining which officers below the promotion 

zone are exceptionally well qualified for promotion. 

(e) CERTAIN RESERVE OFFICERS OF THE AIR FORCE.—A reserve 

officer of the Air Force who (1) is in the Air National Guard of the 

United States and holds the grade of lieutenant colonel, colonel, or 

brigadier general, or (2) is in the Air Force Reserve and holds the 

grade of colonel or brigadier general, is not eligible for consideration for promotion by a mandatory promotion board convened 

under section 14101(a) of this title. 

(f) NONCONSIDERATION OF OFFICERS SCHEDULED FOR REMOVAL

FROM RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST.—The Secretary of the military 

department concerned may, by regulation, provide for the exclusion 

from consideration for promotion by a promotion board of any officer otherwise eligible to be considered by the board who has an established date for removal from the reserve active-status list that 

is not more than 90 days after the date on which the selection 

board for which the officer would otherwise be eligible is to be convened. 

(g) BRIGADIER GENERALS.—(1) An officer who is a reserve component brigadier general of the Army or the Air Force who is not 

eligible for consideration for promotion under subsection (a) because the officer is not on the reserve active status list (as required 

by paragraph (1) of that subsection for such eligibility) is nevertheless eligible for consideration for promotion to the grade of major 

general by a promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of 

this title if— 

(A) as of the date of the convening of the promotion board, 

the officer has been in an inactive status for less than one 

year; and 
§ 14302 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2350 

(B) immediately before the date of the officer’s most recent 

transfer to an inactive status, the officer had continuously 

served on the reserve active status list or the active-duty list 

(or a combination of the reserve active status list and the active-duty list) for at least one year. 

(2) An officer who is a reserve component brigadier general of 

the Army or the Air Force who is on the reserve active status list 

but who is not eligible for consideration for promotion under subsection (a) because the officer’s service does not meet the one-yearof-continuous-service requirement under paragraph (2) of that subsection is nevertheless eligible for consideration for promotion to 

the grade of major general by a promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) of this title if— 

(A) the officer was transferred from an inactive status to 

the reserve active status list during the one-year period preceding the date of the convening of the promotion board; 

(B) immediately before the date of the officer’s most recent 

transfer to an active status, the officer had been in an inactive 

status for less than one year; and 

(C) immediately before the date of the officer’s most recent 

transfer to an inactive status, the officer had continuously 

served for at least one year on the reserve active status list or 

the active-duty list (or a combination of the reserve active status list and the active-duty list). 

(h) OFFICERS ON EDUCATIONAL DELAY.—An officer on the reserve active-status list is ineligible for consideration for promotion, 

but shall remain on the reserve active-status list, while the officer— 

(1) is pursuing a program of graduate level education in an 

educational delay status approved by the Secretary concerned; 

and 

(2) is receiving from the Secretary financial assistance in 

connection with the pursuit of that program of education while 

in that status. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2931; amended Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Secs. 503(b), (c), 514(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1724, 1725, 1732; 

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 514, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2008; Pub. L. 106–65, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 513(a), title X, Sec. 1066(a)(32), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 593, 772; Pub. L. 107– 

107, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(c)(1)(B), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 521, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2540.) 

§ 14302. Promotion zones 

(a) PROMOTION ZONES GENERALLY.—For purposes of this chapter, a promotion zone is an eligibility category for the consideration 

of officers by a mandatory promotion board. A promotion zone consists of those officers on the reserve active-status list who are in 

the same grade and competitive category and who meet the requirements of both paragraphs (1) and (2) or the requirements of 

paragraph (3), as follows: 

(1)(A) In the case of officers in grades below colonel, for reserve officers of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, or 

captain, for officers of the Navy Reserve, those who have neither (i) failed of selection for promotion to the next higher 

grade, nor (ii) been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade. 
2351 § 14303 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

(B) In the case of officers in the grade of colonel or brigadier general, for reserve officers of the Army and Marine 

Corps, or in the grade of captain or rear admiral (lower half), 

for reserve officers of the Navy, those who have neither (i) been 

recommended for promotion to the next higher grade when 

considered in the promotion zone, nor (ii) been removed from 

a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade. 

(2) Those officers who are senior to the officer designated 

by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be 

the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade and the officer so 

designated. 

(3) Those officers who— 

(A) have been selected from below the zone for promotion to the next higher grade or by a vacancy promotion 

board, but whose names were removed from the list of officers recommended for promotion to that next higher grade 

resulting from that selection; 

(B) have not failed of selection for promotion to that 

next higher grade; and 

(C) are senior to the officer designated by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration 

for promotion to that next higher grade and the officer so 

designated. 

(b) OFFICERS ABOVE THE ZONE.—Officers on the reserve activestatus list are considered to be above the promotion zone for a 

grade and competitive category if they— 

(1) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next 

higher grade; 

(2) are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion 

zone for that competitive category; and 

(3) are senior to the senior officer in the promotion zone 

for that competitive category. 

(c) OFFICERS BELOW THE ZONE.—Officers on the reserve activestatus list are considered to be below the promotion zone for a 

grade and competitive category if they— 

(1) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next 

higher grade; 

(2) are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion 

zone for that competitive category; and 

(3) are junior to the junior officer in the promotion zone for 

that competitive category. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2932; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(RR), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14303. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: minimum years of service in grade 

(a) OFFICERS IN PAY GRADES O–1 AND O–2.—An officer who is 

on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or 

Marine Corps and holds a permanent appointment in the grade of 

second lieutenant or first lieutenant as a reserve officer of the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or in the grade of ensign or lieutenant (junior grade) as a reserve officer of the Navy, may not be 
§ 14304 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2352 

promoted to the next higher grade, or granted Federal recognition 

in that grade, until the officer has completed the following years 

of service in grade: 

(1) Eighteen months, in the case of an officer holding a 

permanent appointment in the grade of second lieutenant or 

ensign. 

(2) Two years, in the case of an officer holding a permanent appointment in the grade of first lieutenant or lieutenant 

(junior grade). 

(b) OFFICERS IN PAY GRADES O–3 AND ABOVE.—Subject to subsection (d), an officer who is on the reserve active-status list of the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps and holds a permanent appointment in a grade above first lieutenant, or who is on the reserve active-status list of the Navy in a grade above lieutenant (junior 

grade), may not be considered for selection for promotion to the 

next higher grade, or examined for Federal recognition in the next 

higher grade, until the officer has completed the following years of 

service in grade: 

(1) Three years, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps holding a permanent appointment in 

the grade of captain, major, or lieutenant colonel or in the case 

of a reserve officer of the Navy holding a permanent appointment in the grade of lieutenant, lieutenant commander, or 

commander. 

(2) One year, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps holding a permanent appointment in 

the grade of colonel or brigadier general or in the case of a reserve officer of the Navy holding a permanent appointment in 

the grade of captain or rear admiral (lower half). 

This subsection does not apply to an adjutant general or assistant 

adjutant general of a State or to an appointment in a higher grade 

which is based upon a specific provision of law. 

(c) AUTHORITY TO LENGTHEN MINIMUM PERIOD IN GRADE.— 

The Secretary concerned may prescribe a period of service in grade 

for eligibility for promotion, in the case of officers to whom subsection (a) applies, or for eligibility for consideration for promotion, 

in the case of officers to whom subsection (b) applies, that is longer 

than the applicable period specified in that subsection. 

(d) WAIVERS TO ENSURE TWO BELOW-THE-ZONE CONSIDERATIONS.—Subject to section 14307(b) of this title, the Secretary of 

the military department concerned may waive subsection (b) to the 

extent necessary to ensure that officers described in paragraph (1) 

of that subsection have at least two opportunities for consideration 

for promotion to the next higher grade as officers below the promotion zone. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2933.) 

§ 14304. Eligibility for consideration for promotion: maximum years of service in grade 

(a) CONSIDERATION FOR PROMOTION WITHIN SPECIFIED

TIMES.—(1) Officers described in paragraph (3) shall be placed in 

the promotion zone for that officer’s grade and competitive category, and shall be considered for promotion to the next higher 

grade by a promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this 
2353 § 14305 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

title, far enough in advance of completing the years of service in 

grade specified in the following table so that, if the officer is recommended for promotion, the promotion may be effective on or before the date on which the officer will complete those years of service. 

Maximum years of 

Current Grade service in grade 

First lieutenant or Lieutenant (junior grade) .............................. 5 years

Captain or Navy Lieutenant .......................................................... 7 years

Major or Lieutenant commander ................................................... 7 years

(2) Paragraph (1) is subject to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of 

section 14301 of this title and applies without regard to vacancies. 

(3) Paragraph (1) applies to an officer who is on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps and 

who holds a permanent appointment in the grade of first lieutenant, captain, or major as a reserve of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or to an officer on the reserve active-status list of the 

Navy in the grade of lieutenant (junior grade), lieutenant, or lieutenant commander as a reserve of the Navy, and who, while holding that appointment, has not been considered by a selection board 

convened under section 14101(a) or 14502 of this title for promotion 

to the next higher grade. 

(b) PROMOTION DATE.—An officer holding a permanent grade 

specified in the table in subsection (a) who is recommended for promotion to the next higher grade by a selection board the first time 

the officer is considered for promotion while in or above the promotion zone and who is placed on an approved promotion list established under section 14308(a) of this title shall (if not promoted 

sooner or removed from that list by the President or by reason of 

declination) be promoted, without regard to the existence of a vacancy, on the date on which the officer completes the maximum 

years of service in grade specified in subsection (a). The preceding 

sentence is subject to the limitations of section 12011 of this title. 

(c) WAIVER AUTHORITY FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS RUNNING

MATE SYSTEM.—If the Secretary of the Navy establishes promotion 

zones for officers on the reserve active-status list of the Navy or the 

Marine Corps Reserve in accordance with a running mate system 

under section 14306 of this title, the Secretary may waive the requirements of subsection (a) to the extent the Secretary considers 

necessary in any case in which the years of service for promotion, 

or for consideration for promotion, within those zones will exceed 

the maximum years of service in grade specified in subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2934.) 

§ 14305. Establishment of promotion zones: mandatory consideration for promotion 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF ZONE.—Before convening a mandatory 

promotion board under section 14101(a) of this title, the Secretary 

of the military department concerned shall establish a promotion 

zone for officers serving in each grade and competitive category to 

be considered by the board. 

(b) NUMBER IN THE ZONE.—The Secretary concerned shall determine the number of officers in the promotion zone for officers 

serving in any grade and competitive category from among officers 
§ 14306 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2354 

who are eligible for promotion in that grade and competitive category under the provisions of sections 14303 and 14304 of this title 

and who are otherwise eligible for promotion. 

(c) FACTORS IN DETERMINING NUMBER IN THE ZONE.—The Secretary’s determination under subsection (b) shall be made on the 

basis of an estimate of the following: 

(1) The number of officers needed in that competitive category in the next higher grade in each of the next five years. 

(2) In the case of a promotion zone for officers to be promoted to a grade to which the maximum years of in grade criteria established in section 14304 of this title apply, the number of officers in that competitive category who are required to 

be considered for selection for promotion to the next higher 

grade under that section. 

(3) The number of officers that should be placed in the promotion zone in each of the next five years to provide to officers 

in those years relatively similar opportunities for promotion. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2935.) 

§ 14306. Establishment of promotion zones: Navy Reserve 

and Marine Corps Reserve running mate system 

(a) AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.—The Secretary of 

the Navy may by regulation implement section 14305 of this title 

by requiring that the promotion zone for consideration of officers on 

the reserve active-status list of the Navy or the Marine Corps for 

promotion to the next higher grade be determined in accordance 

with a running mate system as provided in subsection (b). 

(b) ASSIGNMENT OF RUNNING MATES.—An officer to whom a 

running mate system applies shall be assigned as a running mate 

an officer of the same grade on the active-duty list of the same 

armed force. The officer on the reserve active-status list is in the 

promotion zone and is eligible for consideration for promotion to 

the next higher grade by a selection board convened under section 

14101(a) of this title when that officer’s running mate is in or 

above the promotion zone established for that officer’s grade under 

chapter 36 of this title. 

(c) CONSIDERATION OF OFFICERS BELOW THE ZONE UNDER A

RUNNING MATE SYSTEM.—If the Secretary of the Navy authorizes 

the selection of officers for promotion from below the promotion 

zone in accordance with section 14307 of this title, the number of 

officers to be considered from below the zone may be established 

through the application of the running mate system or otherwise 

as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to meet the needs of 

the Navy or Marine Corps. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2935; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(3)(J), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3235.) 

§ 14307. Number of officers to be recommended for promotion 

(a) DETERMINATION OF MAXIMUM NUMBER.—Before convening 

a promotion board under section 14101(a) of this title for a grade 

and competitive category (other than a vacancy promotion board), 

the Secretary of the military department concerned, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, shall determine the 
2355 § 14308 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

maximum number of officers in that grade and competitive category that the board may recommend for promotion. The Secretary 

shall make the determination under the preceding sentence of the 

maximum number that may be recommended with a view to having on the reserve active-status list a sufficient number of officers 

in each grade and competitive category to meet the needs of the 

armed force concerned for officers on that list. In order to make 

that determination, the Secretary shall determine (1) the number 

of positions needed to accomplish mission objectives which require 

officers of such competitive category in the grade to which the 

board will recommend officers for promotion, (2) the estimated 

number of officers needed to fill vacancies in such positions during 

the period in which it is anticipated that officers selected for promotion will be promoted, (3) the number of officers authorized by 

the Secretary of the military department concerned to serve on the 

reserve active-status list in the grade and competitive category 

under consideration, and (4) any statutory limitation on the number of officers in any grade or category (or combination thereof) authorized to be on the reserve active-status list. 

(b) BELOW-THE-ZONE SELECTIONS.—(1) The Secretary of the 

military department concerned may, when the needs of the armed 

force concerned require, authorize the consideration of officers in 

the grade of captain, major, or lieutenant colonel on the reserve active-status list of the Army or Air Force, in a grade above first lieutenant on the reserve active-status list of the Marine Corps, or in 

a grade above lieutenant (junior grade) on the reserve active-status 

list of the Navy, for promotion to the next higher grade from below 

the promotion zone. 

(2) When selection from below the promotion zone is authorized, the Secretary shall establish the number of officers that may 

be recommended for promotion from below the promotion zone in 

each competitive category to be considered. That number may not 

exceed the number equal to 10 percent of the maximum number of 

officers that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion 

in such competitive category, except that the Secretary of Defense 

may authorize a greater number, not to exceed 15 percent of the 

total number of officers that the board is authorized to recommend 

for promotion, if the Secretary of Defense determines that the 

needs of the armed force concerned so require. If the maximum 

number determined under this paragraph is less than one, the 

board may recommend one officer for promotion from below the 

promotion zone. 

(3) The number of officers recommended for promotion from 

below the promotion zone does not increase the maximum number 

of officers that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion 

under subsection (a). 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2936.) 

§ 14308. Promotions: how made 

(a) PROMOTION LIST.—When the report of a selection board 

convened under section 14101(a) or 14502 of this title is approved 

by the President, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall place the names of all officers selected for promotion 

within a competitive category on a single list for that competitive 
§ 14308 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2356 

category, to be known as a promotion list, in the order of seniority 

of those officers on the reserve active-status list. A promotion list 

is considered to be established under this section as of the date of 

the approval of the report of the selection board under the preceding sentence. 

(b) PROMOTION; HOW MADE; ORDER.—(1) Officers on a promotion list for a competitive category shall be promoted in the 

manner specified in section 12203 of this title. 

(2) Officers on a promotion list for a competitive category shall 

be promoted to the next higher grade in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned. Except as provided in section 14311, 14312, or 14502(e) of 

this title or in subsection (d) or (e), promotions shall be made in 

the order in which the names of officers appear on the promotion 

list and after officers previously selected for promotion in that competitive category have been promoted. 

(3) Officers to be promoted to the grade of first lieutenant or 

lieutenant (junior grade) shall be promoted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department 

concerned. 

(4)(A) Officers in the permanent grade of first lieutenant or, in 

the case of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) who are on an approved all-fully-qualified-officers list shall be promoted to the next 

higher grade in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned. Such promotions shall be in the manner specified 

in section 12203 of this title. 

(B) An all-fully-qualified-officers list shall be considered to be 

approved for purposes of subparagraph (A) when the list is approved by the President. When so approved, such a list shall be 

treated in the same manner as a promotion list under this chapter 

and chapter 1403 of this title. 

(C) The Secretary of a military department may make a recommendation to the President for approval of an all-fully-qualifiedofficers list only when the Secretary determines that all officers on 

the list are needed in the next higher grade to accomplish mission 

objectives. 

(D) For purposes of this paragraph, an all-fully-qualified-officers list is a list of all officers on the reserve active-status list in 

a grade who the Secretary of the military department concerned 

determines— 

(i) are fully qualified for promotion to the next higher 

grade; and 

(ii) would be eligible for consideration for promotion to the 

next higher grade by a selection board convened under section 

14101(a) of this title upon the convening of such a board. 

(c) DATE OF RANK.—(1) The date of rank of an officer appointed 

to a higher grade under this section is determined under section 

741(d)(2) of this title. 

(2) The date of rank of an officer appointed to a higher grade 

under this section may be adjusted in the same manner as an adjustment may be made under section 741(d)(4) of this title in the 

date of rank of an officer appointed to a higher grade under section 

624(a) of this title. In any use of the authority under the preceding 
2357 § 14309 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

sentence, subparagraph (C)(ii) of such section shall be applied by 

substituting ‘‘reserve active-status list’’ for ‘‘active-duty list’’. 

(3) Except as provided in paragraph (2) or as otherwise specifically authorized by law, a reserve officer is not entitled to additional pay or allowances if the effective date of the officer’s promotion is adjusted to reflect a date earlier than the actual date of 

the officer’s promotion. 

(d) OFFICERS WITH RUNNING MATES.—An officer to whom a 

running mate system applies under section 14306 of this title and 

who is selected for promotion is eligible for promotion to the grade 

for which selected when the officer who is that officer’s running 

mate becomes eligible for promotion under chapter 36 of this title. 

The effective date of the promotion of that officer shall be the same 

as that of the officer’s running mate in the grade to which the running mate is promoted. 

(e) ARMY RESERVE AND AIR FORCE RESERVE PROMOTIONS TO

FILL VACANCIES.—Subject to this section and to section 14311(e) of 

this title, and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the 

military department concerned— 

(1) an officer in the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve 

who is on a promotion list as a result of selection for promotion 

by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 

14101(a) of this title or a board convened under section 14502 

or chapter 36 of this title may be promoted at any time to fill 

a vacancy in a position to which the officer is assigned; and 

(2) an officer in a grade below colonel in the Army Reserve 

or the Air Force Reserve who is on a promotion list as a result 

of selection for promotion by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title may be promoted at 

any time to fill the vacancy for which the officer was selected. 

(f) EFFECTIVE DATE OF PROMOTION AFTER FEDERAL RECOGNITION.—The effective date of a promotion of a reserve commissioned 

officer of the Army or the Air Force who is extended Federal recognition in the next higher grade in the Army National Guard or 

the Air National Guard under section 307 or 310 of title 32 shall 

be the date on which such Federal recognition in that grade is so 

extended. 

(g) ARMY AND AIR FORCE GENERAL OFFICER PROMOTIONS.—A 

reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force who is on a promotion 

list for promotion to the grade of brigadier general or major general 

as a result of selection by a vacancy promotion board may be promoted to that grade only to fill a vacancy in the Army Reserve or 

the Air Force Reserve, as the case may be, in that grade. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2937; amended Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 514(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, 

title V, Secs. 505(b)(1), 506(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1086, 1089; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 511(d)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2183.) 

§ 14309. Acceptance of promotion; oath of office 

(a) ACCEPTANCE.—An officer who is appointed to a higher 

grade under this chapter shall be considered to have accepted the 

appointment on the date on which the appointment is made unless 

the officer expressly declines the appointment or is granted a delay 

of promotion under section 14312 of this title. 
§ 14310 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2358 

(b) OATH.—An officer who has served continuously since taking 

the oath of office prescribed in section 3331 of title 5 is not required to take a new oath upon appointment to a higher grade 

under this chapter. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2938.) 

§ 14310. Removal of officers from a list of officers recommended for promotion 

(a) REMOVAL BY PRESIDENT.—The President may remove the 

name of any officer from a promotion list at any time before the 

date on which the officer is promoted. 

(b) REMOVAL FOR WITHHOLDING OF SENATE ADVICE AND CON- SENT.—If the Senate does not give its advice and consent to the appointment to the next higher grade of an officer whose name is on 

a list of officers approved by the President for promotion (except in 

the case of promotions to a reserve grade to which appointments 

may be made by the President alone), the name of that officer shall 

be removed from the list. 

(c) REMOVAL AFTER 18 MONTHS.—(1) If an officer whose name 

is on a list of officers approved for promotion under section 

14308(a) of this title to a grade for which appointment is required 

by section 12203(a) of this title to be made by and with the advice 

and consent of the Senate is not appointed to that grade under 

such section during the officer’s promotion eligibility period, the officer’s name shall be removed from the list unless as of the end of 

such period the Senate has given its advice and consent to the appointment. 

(2) Before the end of the promotion eligibility period with respect to an officer under paragraph (1), the President may extend 

that period for purposes of paragraph (1) by an additional 12 

months. 

(3) In this subsection, the term ‘‘promotion eligibility period’’ 

means, with respect to an officer whose name is on a list of officers 

approved for promotion under section 14308(a) of this title to a 

grade for which appointment is required by section 12203(a) of this 

title to be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 

the period beginning on the date on which the list is so approved 

and ending on the first day of the eighteenth month following the 

month during which the list is so approved. 

(d) ADMINISTRATIVE REMOVAL.—Under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary concerned, if an officer on the reserve active-status list is discharged or dropped from the rolls or transferred to a 

retired status after having been recommended for promotion to a 

higher grade under this chapter or having been found qualified for 

Federal recognition in the higher grade under title 32, but before 

being promoted, the officer’s name shall be administratively removed from the list of officers recommended for promotion by a selection board. 

(e) CONTINUED ELIGIBILITY FOR PROMOTION.—An officer whose 

name is removed from a list under subsection (a), (b), or (c) continues to be eligible for consideration for promotion. If that officer 

is recommended for promotion by the next selection board convened 

for that officer’s grade and competitive category and the officer is 

promoted, the Secretary of the military department concerned may, 
2359 § 14311 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

upon the promotion, grant the officer the same date of rank, the 

same effective date for the pay and allowances of the grade to 

which promoted, and the same position on the reserve active-status 

list, as the officer would have had if the officer’s name had not 

been removed from the list. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2938; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2186; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title X, Sec. 1063(a)(16), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 322; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, Sec. 

504(b), title X, Sec. 1075(f)(7), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4208, 4376.) 

§ 14311. Delay of promotion: involuntary 

(a) DELAY DURING INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS.—(1) 

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the appointment of an officer to a higher grade may be delayed if any of 

the following applies before the date on which the appointment 

would otherwise be made: 

(A) Sworn charges against the officer have been received 

by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over 

the officer and the charges have not been disposed of. 

(B) An investigation is being conducted to determine 

whether disciplinary action of any kind should be brought 

against the officer. 

(C) A board of officers has been convened under section 

14903 of this title to review the record of the officer. 

(D) A criminal proceeding in a Federal or State court of 

competent jurisdiction is pending against the officer. 

(E) Substantiated adverse information about the officer 

that is material to the decision to appoint the officer is under 

review by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary concerned. 

(2) If disciplinary action is not taken against the officer, if the 

charges against the officer are withdrawn or dismissed, if the officer is not separated by the Secretary of the military department 

concerned as the result of having been required to show cause for 

retention, if the officer is acquitted of the charges, or if, after a review of substantiated adverse information about the officer regarding the requirement for exemplary conduct set forth in section 

3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable, the officer is determined to be among the officers best qualified for promotion, as the 

case may be, then (unless action to delay the officer’s appointment 

to the higher grade has been taken under subsection (b)) the officer 

shall be retained on the promotion list (including an approved allfully-qualified-officers list, if applicable), list of officers found qualified for Federal recognition, or list of officers nominated by the 

President to the Senate for appointment in a higher reserve grade 

and shall, upon promotion to the next higher grade, have the same 

date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of 

the grade to which promoted, and the same position on the reserve 

active-status list as the officer would have had if no delay had intervened, unless the Secretary concerned determines that the officer was unqualified for promotion for any part of the delay. If the 

Secretary makes such a determination, the Secretary may adjust 

such date of rank, effective date of pay and allowances, and position on the reserve active-status list as the Secretary considers appropriate under the circumstances. 
§ 14311 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2360 

(b) DELAY FOR LACK OF QUALIFICATIONS.—Under regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the appointment of an officer to a higher grade may also be delayed if there is cause to believe that the officer has not met the requirement for exemplary 

conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable, or is mentally, physically, morally, or professionally unqualified to perform the duties of the grade to which selected. If it 

is later determined by a civilian official of the Department of Defense (not below the level of Secretary of a military department) 

that the officer is qualified for promotion to the higher grade and, 

after a review of adverse information regarding the requirement for 

exemplary conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this 

title, as applicable, the officer is determined to be among the officers best qualified for promotion to the higher grade, the officer 

shall be retained on the promotion list (including an approved allfully-qualified-officers list, if applicable), the list of officers found 

qualified for Federal recognition, or list of officers nominated by the 

President to the Senate for appointment in a higher reserve grade, 

and shall, upon promotion to that grade, have the same date of 

rank, the same effective date for pay and allowances of that grade, 

and the same position on the reserve active-status list as the officer 

would have had if no delay had intervened, unless the Secretary 

concerned determines that the officer was unqualified for promotion for any part of the delay. If the Secretary makes such a determination, the Secretary may adjust such date of rank, effective 

date of pay and allowances, and position on the reserve active-status list as the Secretary considers appropriate under the circumstances. 

(c) NOTICE TO OFFICER.—(1) The appointment of an officer to 

a higher grade may not be delayed under subsection (a) or (b) unless the officer is given written notice of the grounds for the delay. 

The preceding sentence does not apply if it is impracticable to give 

the officer written notice before the date on which the appointment 

to the higher grade would otherwise take effect, but in such a case 

the written notice shall be given as soon as practicable. 

(2) An officer whose promotion is delayed under subsection (a) 

or (b) shall be given an opportunity to make a written statement 

to the Secretary of the military department concerned in response 

to the action taken. The Secretary shall give consideration to any 

such statement. 

(d) MAXIMUM LENGTH OF DELAY IN PROMOTION.—The appointment of an officer to a higher grade may not be delayed under subsection (a) or (b) for more than six months after the date on which 

the officer would otherwise have been promoted unless the Secretary concerned specifies a further period of delay. An officer’s appointment may not be delayed more than 90 days after final action 

has been taken in any criminal case against the officer in a Federal 

or State court of competent jurisdiction or more than 90 days after 

final action has been taken in any court-martial case against the 

officer. Except for court action, a promotion may not be delayed 

more than 18 months after the date on which the officer would otherwise have been promoted. 

(e) DELAY BECAUSE OF LIMITATIONS ON OFFICER STRENGTH IN

GRADE OR DUTIES TO WHICH ASSIGNED.—(1) Under regulations pre-
2361 § 14312 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

scribed by the Secretary of Defense, the promotion of a reserve officer on the reserve active-status list who is serving on active duty, 

or who is on full-time National Guard duty for administration of 

the reserves or the National Guard, to a grade to which the 

strength limitations of section 12011 of this title apply shall be delayed if necessary to ensure compliance with those strength limitations. The delay shall expire when the Secretary determines that 

the delay is no longer required to ensure such compliance. 

(2) The promotion of an officer described in paragraph (1) shall 

also be delayed while the officer is on duty described in that paragraph unless the Secretary of the military department concerned, 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, determines that the duty assignment of the officer requires a higher 

grade than the grade currently held by the officer. 

(3) The date of rank and position on the reserve active-status 

list of a reserve officer whose promotion to or Federal recognition 

in the next higher grade was delayed under paragraph (1) or (2) 

solely as the result of the limitations imposed under the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense or contained in section 

12011 of this title shall be the date on which the officer would have 

been promoted to or recognized in the higher grade had such limitations not existed. 

(4) If an officer whose promotion is delayed under paragraph 

(1) or (2) completes the period of active duty or full-time National 

Guard duty that the officer is required by law or regulation to perform as a member of a reserve component, the officer may request 

release from active duty or full-time National Guard duty. If the 

request is granted, the officer’s promotion shall be effective upon 

the officer’s release from such duty. The date of rank and position 

on the reserve active-status list of the officer shall be the date the 

officer would have been promoted to or recognized in the higher 

grade had the limitations imposed under regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary of Defense contained in section 12011 of this title not 

existed. If an officer whose promotion is delayed under paragraph 

(1) or (2) has not completed the period of active duty or full-time 

National Guard duty that the officer is required by law or regulation to perform as a member of a reserve component, the officer 

may be retained on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty 

in the grade in which the officer was serving before the officer’s 

being found qualified for Federal recognition or the officer’s selection for the promotion until the officer completes that required period of duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2939; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(c)(2)(B), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 109–364, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 511(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2182; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1075(g)(4), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4377.) 

§ 14312. Delay of promotion: voluntary 

(a) AUTHORITY FOR VOLUNTARY DELAYS.—(1) The Secretary of 

the military department concerned may, by regulation, permit 

delays of a promotion of an officer who is recommended for promotion by a mandatory selection board convened under section 

14101(a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 

of this title at the request of the officer concerned. Such delays, in 

the case of any promotion, may extend for any period not to exceed 
§ 14313 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2362 

three years from the date on which the officer would otherwise be 

promoted. 

(2) Regulations under this section shall provide that— 

(A) a request for such a delay of promotion must be submitted by the officer concerned before the delay may be approved; and 

(B) denial of such a request shall not be considered to be 

a failure of selection for promotion unless the officer declines 

to accept a promotion under circumstances set forth in subsection (c). 

(b) EFFECT OF APPROVAL OF REQUEST.—If a request for delay 

of a promotion under subsection (a) is approved, the officer’s name 

shall remain on the promotion list during the authorized period of 

delay (unless removed under any other provision of law). Upon the 

end of the period of the authorized delay, or at any time during 

such period, the officer may accept the promotion, which shall be 

effective on the date of acceptance. Such an acceptance of a promotion shall be made in accordance with regulations prescribed 

under this section. 

(c) EFFECT OF DECLINING A PROMOTION.—An officer’s name 

shall be removed from the promotion list and, if the officer is serving in a grade below colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, 

the officer shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion if any of the following applies: 

(1) The Secretary concerned has not authorized voluntary 

delays of promotion under subsection (a) to the grade concerned and the officer declines to accept an appointment to a 

higher grade. 

(2) The Secretary concerned has authorized voluntary 

delays of promotion under subsection (a), but has denied the 

request of the officer for a delay of promotion and the officer 

then declines to accept an appointment to a higher grade. 

(3) The Secretary concerned has approved the request of 

an officer for a delay of promotion and, upon the end of the period of delay authorized in accordance with regulations prescribed under subsection (a), the officer then declines to accept 

an appointment to a higher grade. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2941.) 

§ 14313. Authority to vacate promotions to grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The President may vacate the appointment of 

a reserve officer to the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral 

(lower half) if the period of time during which the officer has 

served in that grade after promotion to that grade is less than 18 

months. 

(b) EFFECT OF PROMOTION BEING VACATED.—Except as provided in subsection (c), an officer whose promotion to the grade of 

brigadier general is vacated under this section holds the grade of 

colonel as a reserve of the armed force of which the officer is a 

member. An officer whose promotion to the grade of rear admiral 

(lower half) is vacated under this section holds the grade of captain 

in the Navy Reserve. Upon assuming the lower grade, the officer 

shall have the same position on the reserve active-status list as the 
2363 § 14314 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

officer would have had if the officer had not served in the higher 

grade. 

(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR OFFICERS SERVING AS ADJUTANT GENERAL.—In the case of an officer serving as an adjutant general or 

assistant adjutant general whose promotion to the grade of brigadier general is vacated under this section, the officer then holds the 

reserve grade held by that officer immediately before the officer’s 

appointment as adjutant general or assistant adjutant general. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2942; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(SS), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14314. Army and Air Force commissioned officers: generals 

ceasing to occupy positions commensurate with 

grade; State adjutants general 

(a) GENERAL OFFICERS.—Within 30 days after a reserve officer 

of the Army or the Air Force on the reserve active-status list in a 

general officer grade ceases to occupy a position commensurate 

with that grade (or commensurate with a higher grade), the Secretary concerned shall transfer or discharge the officer in accordance with whichever of the following the officer elects: 

(1) Transfer the officer in grade to the Retired Reserve, if 

the officer is qualified and applies for the transfer. 

(2) Transfer the officer in grade to the inactive status list 

of the Standby Reserve, if the officer is qualified. 

(3) Discharge the officer from the officer’s reserve appointment and, if the officer is qualified and applies therefor, appoint the officer in the reserve grade held by the officer as a 

reserve officer before the officer’s appointment in a general officer grade. 

(4) Discharge the officer from the officer’s reserve appointment. 

(b) ADJUTANTS GENERAL.—If a reserve officer who is federally 

recognized in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard 

solely because of the officer’s appointment as adjutant general or 

assistant adjutant general of a State ceases to occupy that position, 

the Secretary concerned, not later than 30 days after the date on 

which the officer ceases to occupy that position, shall— 

(1) withdraw that officer’s Federal recognition; and 

(2) require that the officer— 

(A) be transferred in grade to the Retired Reserve, if 

the officer is qualified and applies for the transfer; 

(B) be discharged from the officer’s reserve appointment and appointed in the reserve grade held by the officer as a reserve officer immediately before the appointment of that officer as adjutant general or assistant adjutant general, if the officer is qualified and applies for that 

appointment; or 

(C) be discharged from the officer’s reserve appointment. 

(c) CREDIT FOR SERVICE IN GRADE.—An officer who is appointed under subsection (a)(3) or (b)(2)(B) shall be credited with 

an amount of service in the grade in which appointed that is equal 

to the amount of prior service in an active status in that grade and 

in any higher grade. 
§ 14315 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2364 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2942; amended Pub. 

L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 544(c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2523.) 

§ 14315. Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force 

officers 

(a) OFFICERS ELIGIBLE FOR CONSIDERATION FOR VACANCY PROMOTIONS BELOW BRIGADIER GENERAL.—A reserve officer of the 

Army who is in the Army Reserve, or a reserve officer of the Air 

Force who is in the Air Force Reserve, who is on the reserve activestatus list in the grade of first lieutenant, captain, major, or lieutenant colonel is eligible for consideration for promotion to the next 

higher grade under this section if each of the following applies: 

(1) The officer is occupying or, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, has been recommended to 

occupy a position in the same competitive category as the officer and for which a grade higher than the one held by that officer is authorized. 

(2) The officer is fully qualified to meet all requirements 

for the position as established by the Secretary of the military 

department concerned. 

(3) The officer has held the officer’s present grade for the 

minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this 

title for eligibility for consideration for promotion to the higher 

grade. 

(b) CONSIDERATION FOR VACANCY PROMOTION TO BRIGADIER

GENERAL OR MAJOR GENERAL.—(1) A reserve officer of the Army 

who is in the Army Reserve and on the reserve active-status list 

in the grade of colonel or brigadier general may be considered for 

promotion to the next higher grade under this section if the officer 

(A) is assigned to the duties of a general officer of the next higher 

reserve grade in the Army Reserve or is recommended for such an 

assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army, (B) has held the officer’s present grade for the minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this title for eligibility 

for consideration for promotion to the higher grade, and (C) meets 

the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the 

Army. 

(2) A reserve officer of the Air Force who is in the Air Force 

Reserve and on the reserve active-status list in the grade of colonel 

or brigadier general may be considered for promotion to the next 

higher grade under this section if the officer (A) is assigned to the 

duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary of the Air Force, and (B) meets the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force. 

(c) VACANCY PROMOTION BOARDS.—Consideration for promotion 

under this section shall be by a vacancy promotion board convened 

under section 14101(a) of this title. 

(d) EFFECT OF NONSELECTION.—An officer who is considered 

for promotion under this section and is not selected shall not be 

considered to have failed of selection for promotion. 

(e) SPECIAL RULE FOR OFFICERS FAILED OF SELECTION.—A reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force who is considered as 

failed of selection for promotion under section 14501 of this title to 
2365 § 14316 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

a grade may be considered for promotion under this section or, if 

selected, promoted to that grade only if the Secretary of the military department concerned finds that the officer is the only qualified officer available to fill the vacancy. The Secretary concerned 

may not delegate the authority under the preceding sentence. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2943; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(25), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 514(d), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, 

Sec. 501], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–98; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 512(b), 

Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1460.) 

§ 14316. Army National Guard and Air National Guard: appointment to and Federal recognition in a higher 

reserve grade after selection for promotion 

(a) OPPORTUNITY FOR PROMOTION TO FILL A VACANCY IN THE

GUARD.—If an officer of the Army National Guard of the United 

States or the Air National Guard of the United States is recommended by a mandatory selection board convened under section 

14101(a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 

of this title for promotion to the next higher grade, an opportunity 

shall be given to the appropriate authority of the State to promote 

that officer to fill a vacancy in the Army National Guard or the Air 

National Guard of that jurisdiction. 

(b) AUTOMATIC FEDERAL RECOGNITION.—An officer of the Army 

National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of 

the United States who is on a promotion list for promotion to the 

next higher grade as a result of selection for promotion as described in subsection (a) and who before the date of promotion is 

appointed in that higher grade to fill a vacancy in the Army National Guard or Air National Guard shall— 

(1) be extended Federal recognition in that grade, without 

the examination prescribed in section 307 of title 32; and 

(2) subject to section 14311(e) of this title, be promoted to 

that reserve grade effective on the date of the officer’s appointment in that grade in the Army National Guard or Air National Guard. 

(c) NATIONAL GUARD OFFICERS FAILED OF SELECTION.—An officer who is considered as failed of selection for promotion under section 14501 of this title to a grade may be extended Federal recognition in that grade only if the Secretary of the military department 

concerned finds that the officer is the only qualified officer available to fill a vacancy. The Secretary concerned may not delegate 

the authority under the preceding sentence. 

(d) TRANSFER TO ARMY RESERVE OR AIR FORCE RESERVE.—If, 

on the date on which an officer of the Army National Guard of the 

United States or of the Air National Guard of the United States 

who is on a promotion list as described in subsection (a) is to be 

promoted, the officer has not been promoted to fill a vacancy in the 

higher grade in the Army National Guard or the Air National 

Guard, the officer’s Federal recognition in the officer’s reserve 

grade shall be withdrawn and the officer shall be promoted and 

transferred to the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as appropriate. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2944.) 
§ 14317 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 2366 

§ 14317. Officers in transition to and from the active-status 

list or active-duty list 

(a) EFFECT OF TRANSFER TO INACTIVE STATUS OR RETIRED STATUS.—If a reserve officer on the reserve active-status list is transferred to an inactive status or to a retired status after having been 

recommended for promotion to a higher grade under this chapter 

or chapter 36 of this title, or after having been found qualified for 

Federal recognition in the higher grade under title 32, but before 

being promoted, the officer— 

(1) shall be treated as if the officer had not been considered and recommended for promotion by the selection board or 

examined and been found qualified for Federal recognition; and 

(2) may not be placed on a promotion list or promoted to 

the higher grade after returning to an active status, 

unless the officer is again recommended for promotion by a selection board convened under chapter 36 of this title or section 

14101(a) or 14502 of this title or examined for Federal recognition 

under title 32. 

(b) EFFECT OF PLACEMENT ON ACTIVE-DUTY LIST.—A reserve 

officer who is on a promotion list as a result of selection for promotion by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 

14101(a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 

of this title and who before being promoted is placed on the activeduty list of the same armed force and placed in the same competitive category shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of Defense, be placed on an appropriate promotion list for officers 

on the active-duty list established under chapter 36 of this title. 

(c) OFFICERS ON A PROMOTION LIST REMOVED FROM ACTIVEDUTY LIST.—An officer who is on the active-duty list and is on a 

promotion list as the result of selection for promotion by a selection 

board convened under chapter 36 of this title and who before being 

promoted is removed from the active-duty list and placed on the reserve active-status list of the same armed force and in the same 

competitive category (including a regular officer who on removal 

from the active-duty list is appointed as a reserve officer and 

placed on the reserve active-status list) shall, under regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, be placed on an appropriate 

promotion list established under this chapter. 

(d) OFFICERS SELECTED FOR POSITION VACANCIES.—(1) Except 

as provided in subsection (e), if a reserve officer is ordered to active 

duty (other than active duty for training) or full-time National 

Guard duty (other than full-time National Guard duty for training 

only) after being recommended for promotion under section 14315 

of this title to fill a position vacancy or examined for Federal recognition under title 32, and before being promoted to fill that vacancy, the officer shall not be promoted while serving such active 

duty or full-time National Guard duty unless the officer— 

(A) is ordered to active duty as a member of the unit in 

which the vacancy exists when that unit is ordered to active 

duty; or 

(B) has been ordered to or is serving on active duty in support of a contingency operation. 
2367 § 14317 CH. 1405—PROMOTIONS 

(2) If, under this subsection, the name of an officer is removed 

from a list of officers recommended for promotion, the officer shall 

be treated as if the officer had not been considered for promotion 

or examined for Federal recognition 

(e) OFFICERS ORDERED TO ACTIVE DUTY IN TIME OF WAR OR

NATIONAL EMERGENCY.—(1) A reserve officer who is not on the active-duty list and who is ordered to active duty in time of war or 

national emergency may, if eligible, be considered for promotion— 

(A) by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title or a special selection board convened 

under section 14502 of this title; or 

(B) in the case of an officer who has been ordered to or is 

serving on active duty in support of a contingency operation, 

by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101(a) 

of this title, or by examination for Federal recognition under 

title 32. 

(2) An officer may not be considered for promotion under this 

subsection after the end of the two-year period beginning on the 

date on which the officer is ordered to active duty. 

(3) An officer may not be considered for promotion under this 

subsection during a period when the operation of this section has 

been suspended by the President under section 123(a) of this title. 

(4) Consideration of an officer for promotion under this subsection shall be under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of 

the military department concerned. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2945; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(26), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1073(a)(68), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1904; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 

512(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 513, Oct. 14, 2008, 

122 Stat. 4441.) 
2368 

CHAPTER 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR 

PROMOTION AND INVOLUNTARY SEPARATION 

Sec. 

14501. Failure of selection for promotion. 

14502. Special selection boards: correction of errors. 

14503. Discharge of officers with less than six years of commissioned service or 

found not qualified for promotion to first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade). 

14504. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve first lieutenants of the 

Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants (junior 

grade) of the Navy. 

14505. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve captains of the Army, 

Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants of the Navy. 

14506. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve majors of the Army, 

Air Force, and Marine Corps reserve and lieutenant commanders of the 

Navy. 

14507. Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve 

lieutenant colonels and colonels of the Army, Air Force, and Marine 

Corps and reserve commanders and captains of the Navy. 

14508. Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve 

general and flag officers. 

14509. Separation at age 62: reserve officers in grades below brigadier general 

or rear admiral (lower half). 

14510. Separation at age 62: brigadier generals and rear admirals (lower half). 

14511. Separation at age 64: officers in grade of major general or rear admiral 

and above. 

14512. Separation at age 66: officers holding certain offices. 

14513. Failure of selection for promotion: transfer, retirement, or discharge. 

14514. Discharge or retirement for years of service or after selection for early removal. 

14515. Discharge or retirement for age. 

14516. Separation to be considered involuntary. 

14517. Entitlement of officers discharged under this chapter to separation pay. 

14518. Continuation of officers to complete disciplinary action. 

14519. Deferment of retirement or separation for medical reasons. 

§ 14501. Failure of selection for promotion 

(a) OFFICERS BELOW THE GRADE OF COLONEL OR NAVY CAPTAIN.—An officer on the reserve active-status list in a grade below 

the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer in the Navy Reserve, captain who is in or above the promotion zone established 

for that officer’s grade and competitive category and who (1) is considered but not recommended for promotion (other than by a vacancy promotion board), or (2) declines to accept a promotion for 

which selected (other than by a vacancy promotion board), shall be 

considered to have failed of selection for promotion. 

(b) OFFICERS TWICE FAILED OF SELECTION.—An officer shall be 

considered for all purposes to have twice failed of selection for promotion if any of the following applies: 

(1) The officer is considered but not recommended for promotion a second time by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101(a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502(a) of this title. 
2369 § 14502 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

(2) The officer declines to accept a promotion for which recommended by a mandatory promotion board convened under 

section 14101(a) or a special selection board convened under 

section 14502(a) or 14502(b) of this title after previously failing 

of selection or after the officer’s name was removed from the 

report of a selection board under section 14111(b) or from a 

promotion list under section 14310 of this title after recommendation for promotion by an earlier selection board described in subsection (a). 

(3) The officer’s name has been removed from the report of 

a selection board under section 14111(b) or from a promotion 

list under section 14310 of this title after recommendation by 

a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101(a) 

or by a special selection board convened under section 14502(a) 

or 14502(b) of this title and— 

(A) the officer is not recommended for promotion by 

the next mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101(a) or special selection board convened under 

section 14502(a) of this title for that officer’s grade and 

competitive category; or 

(B) the officer’s name is again removed from the report 

of a selection board under section 14111(b) or from a promotion list under section 14310 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2946; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(28), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 109–163, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(TT), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14502. Special selection boards: correction of errors 

(a) OFFICERS NOT CONSIDERED BECAUSE OF ADMINISTRATIVE

ERROR.—(1) In the case of an officer or former officer who the Secretary of the military department concerned determines was not 

considered for selection for promotion from in or above the promotion zone by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title because of administrative error, or whose 

name was not placed on an all-fully-qualified-officers list under section 14308(b)(4) of this title because of administrative error, the 

Secretary concerned shall convene a special selection board under 

this subsection to determine whether such officer or former officer 

should be recommended for promotion. Any such board shall be 

convened under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense 

and shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 

14102 of this title and shall include the representation of competitive categories required by that section. The members of a board 

convened under this subsection shall be required to take an oath 

in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 of this title. 

(2) A special selection board convened under this subsection 

shall consider the record of the officer or former officer as that 

record would have appeared to the promotion board that should 

have considered the officer or former officer. That record shall be 

compared with a sampling of the records of those officers of the 

same grade and competitive category who were recommended for 

promotion and those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were not recommended for promotion by that board. 
§ 14502 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2370 

(3) If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) 

does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer in a 

grade below the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer or 

former officer of the Navy, captain, whose name was referred to it 

for consideration, the officer or former officer shall be considered to 

have failed of selection for promotion. 

(b) OFFICERS CONSIDERED BUT NOT SELECTED; MATERIAL

ERROR.—(1) In the case of an officer or former officer who was eligible for promotion and was considered for selection for promotion 

from in or above the promotion zone under this chapter by a selection board but was not selected, the Secretary of the military department concerned may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, convene a special selection board under this subsection to determine whether the officer or former officer should be 

recommended for promotion, if the Secretary determines that— 

(A) the action of the selection board that considered the officer or former officer was contrary to law in a matter material 

to the decision of the board or involved material error of fact 

or material administrative error; or 

(B) the selection board did not have before it for its consideration material information. 

(2) A special selection board convened under paragraph (1) 

shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 14102 

of this title (including the representation of competitive categories 

required by that section), and the members of such a board shall 

take an oath in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 

of this title. 

(3) Such board shall consider the record of the officer or former 

officer as that record, if corrected, would have appeared to the selection board that considered the officer or former officer. That 

record shall be compared with a sampling of the records of those 

officers of the same grade and competitive category who were recommended for promotion and those officers of the same grade and 

competitive category who were not recommended for promotion by 

that board. 

(4) If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) 

does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer in 

the grade of lieutenant colonel or commander or below whose name 

was referred to it for consideration, the officer or former officer 

shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion by the 

board which did consider the officer but incurs no additional failure 

of selection for promotion from the action of the special selection 

board. 

(c) REPORT.—Each special selection board convened under this 

section shall submit to the Secretary of the military department 

concerned a written report, signed by each member of the board, 

containing the name of each officer it recommends for promotion 

and certifying that the board has considered carefully the record of 

each officer whose name was referred to it. 

(d) APPLICABLE PROVISIONS.—The provisions of sections 14104, 

14109, 14110, and 14111 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection board convened under this section in 

the same manner as they apply to the report and proceedings of 

a promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title. 
2371 § 14502 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

(e) APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS RECOMMENDED FOR PROMOTION.—(1) An officer whose name is placed on a promotion list 

as a result of recommendation for promotion by a special selection 

board convened under this section, shall, as soon as practicable, be 

appointed to the next higher grade in accordance with the law and 

policies which would have been applicable had he been recommended for promotion by the board which should have considered or which did consider him. 

(2) An officer who is promoted to the next higher grade as the 

result of the recommendation of a special selection board convened 

under this section shall, upon such promotion, have the same date 

of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of that 

grade, and the same position on the reserve active-status list as the 

officer would have had if the officer had been recommended for promotion to that grade by the selection board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer. 

(3) If the report of a special selection board convened under 

this section, as approved by the President, recommends for promotion to the next higher grade an officer not currently eligible for 

promotion or a former officer whose name was referred to it for 

consideration, the Secretary concerned may act under section 1552 

of this title to correct the military record of the officer or former 

officer to correct an error or remove an injustice resulting from not 

being selected for promotion by the board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer. 

(f) TIME LIMITS FOR CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary of Defense may prescribe by regulation the circumstances under which 

consideration by a special selection board is contingent upon application for consideration by an officer or former officer and time limits within which an officer or former officer must make such application in order to be considered by a special selection board under 

this section. 

(g) LIMITATION OF OTHER JURISDICTION.—No official or court of 

the United States shall have power or jurisdiction— 

(1) over any claim based in any way on the failure of an 

officer or former officer of the armed forces to be selected for 

promotion by a selection board convened under chapter 1403 of 

this title until— 

(A) the claim has been referred to a special selection 

board by the Secretary concerned and acted upon by that 

board; or 

(B) the claim has been rejected by the Secretary without consideration by a special selection board; or 

(2) to grant any relief on such a claim unless the officer 

or former officer has been selected for promotion by a special 

selection board convened under this section to consider the officer’s claim. 

(h) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—(1) A court of the United States may review a determination by the Secretary concerned under subsection 

(a)(1), (b)(1), or (e)(3) not to convene a special selection board. If a 

court finds the determination to be arbitrary or capricious, not 

based on substantial evidence, or otherwise contrary to law, it shall 

remand the case to the Secretary concerned, who shall provide for 
§ 14503 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2372 

consideration of the officer or former officer by a special selection 

board under this section. 

(2) If a court finds that the action of a special selection board 

which considers an officer or former officer was contrary to law or 

involved material error of fact or material administrative error, it 

shall remand the case to the Secretary concerned, who shall provide the officer or former officer reconsideration by a new special 

selection board. 

(i) DESIGNATION OF BOARDS.—The Secretary of the military department concerned may designate a promotion board convened 

under section 14101(a) of this title as a special selection board convened under this section. A board so designated may function in 

both capacities. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2947; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 505(c)(3)(B), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 109–364, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 514(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2185.) 

§ 14503. Discharge of officers with less than six years of 

commissioned service or found not qualified for 

promotion to first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior 

grade) 

(a) AUTHORIZED DISCHARGES.—The Secretary of the military 

department concerned may discharge any reserve officer who— 

(1) has less than six years of service in an active status as 

a commissioned officer; or 

(2) is serving in the grade of second lieutenant or ensign 

and has been found not qualified for promotion to the grade of 

first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade). 

(b) TIME FOR DISCHARGE.—(1) An officer described in subsection (a)(2)— 

(A) may be discharged at any time after being found not 

qualified for promotion; and 

(B) if not sooner discharged, shall be discharged at the end 

of the 18-month period beginning on the date on which the officer is first found not qualified for promotion. 

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the officer is sooner promoted. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—Discharges under this section shall be made 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and may 

be made without regard to section 12645 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2949; amended Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(c)(1), (2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 95.) 

§ 14504. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve 

first lieutenants of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants (junior grade) 

of the Navy 

(a) GENERAL RULE.—A first lieutenant on the reserve activestatus list of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or a lieutenant 

(junior grade) on the reserve active-status list of the Navy who has 

failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade for the 

second time and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall be separated in accordance with section 14513 of this title not later than 

the first day of the seventh month after the month in which the 
2373 § 14506 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

President approves the report of the board which considered the officer for the second time. 

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—Subsection (a) does not apply (1) in the case 

of an officer retained as provided by regulation of the Secretary of 

the military department concerned in order to meet planned mobilization needs for a period not in excess of 24 months beginning with 

the date on which the President approves the report of the selection board which resulted in the second failure, or (2) as provided 

in section 12646 or 12686 of this title. 

(c) OFFICERS IN GRADE OF FIRST LIEUTENANT OR LIEUTENANT

(JUNIOR GRADE) FOUND NOT FULLY QUALIFIED FOR PROMOTION.— 

For the purposes of this chapter, an officer of the Army, Air Force, 

or Marine Corps on a reserve active-status list who holds the grade 

of first lieutenant, and an officer of the Navy on a reserve activestatus list who holds the grade of lieutenant (junior grade), shall 

be treated as having failed of selection for promotion if the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that the officer would be eligible for consideration for promotion to the next 

higher grade by a selection board convened under section 14101(a) 

of this title if such a board were convened but is not fully qualified 

for promotion when recommending for promotion under section 

14308(b)(4) of this title all fully qualified officers of the officer’s 

armed force in such grade who would be eligible for such consideration. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2950; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, title V, Sec. 505(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1087.) 

§ 14505. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve 

captains of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps 

and reserve lieutenants of the Navy 

Unless retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this 

title, a captain on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps or a lieutenant on the reserve active-status 

list of the Navy who has failed of selection for promotion to the 

next higher grade for the second time and whose name is not on 

a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher 

grade and who has not been selected for continuation on the reserve active-status list under section 14701 of this title, shall be 

separated in accordance with section 14513 of this title not later 

than the first day of the seventh month after the month in which 

the President approves the report of the board which considered 

the officer for the second time. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2950.) 

§ 14506. Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve 

majors of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps 

and reserve lieutenant commanders of the Navy 

Unless retained as provided in section 12646, 12686, 14701, or 

14702 of this title, each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps who holds the grade of major or lieutenant 

commander who has failed of selection to the next higher grade for 

the second time and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall, if not earlier removed from the reserve active-status list, be removed from 
§ 14507 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2374 

that list in accordance with section 14513 of this title on the later 

of (1) the first day of the month after the month in which the officer completes 20 years of commissioned service, or (2) the first day 

of the seventh month after the month in which the President approves the report of the board which considered the officer for the 

second time. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2951; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(29), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 106–65, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 514(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 593.) 

§ 14507. Removal from the reserve active-status list for 

years of service: reserve lieutenant colonels and 

colonels of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps 

and reserve commanders and captains of the Navy 

(a) LIEUTENANT COLONELS AND COMMANDERS.—Unless continued on the reserve active-status list under section 14701 or 14702 

of this title or retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of 

this title, each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds the grade of lieutenant colonel or commander 

and who is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to 

the next higher grade shall (if not earlier removed from the reserve 

active-status list) be removed from that list under section 14514 of 

this title on the first day of the month after the month in which 

the officer completes 28 years of commissioned service. 

(b) COLONELS AND NAVY CAPTAINS.—Unless continued on the 

reserve active-status list under section 14701 or 14702 of this title 

or retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this title, each 

reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds 

the grade of colonel, and each reserve officer of the Navy who holds 

the grade of captain, and who is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall (if not earlier removed from the reserve active-status list) be removed from 

that list under section 14514 of this title on the first day of the 

month after the month in which the officer completes 30 years of 

commissioned service. This subsection does not apply to the adjutant general or assistant adjutants general of a State. 

(c) TEMPORARY AUTHORITY TO RETAIN CERTAIN OFFICERS DES- IGNATED AS JUDGE ADVOCATES.—(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), the Secretary of the Air Force may 

retain on the reserve active-status list any reserve officer of the Air 

Force who is designated as a judge advocate and who obtained the 

first professional degree in law while on an educational delay program subsequent to being commissioned through the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps. 

(2) No more than 50 officers may be retained on the reserve 

active-status list under the authority of paragraph (1) at any time. 

(3) No officer may be retained on the reserve active-status list 

under the authority of paragraph (1) for a period exceeding three 

years from the date on which, but for that authority, that officer 

would have been removed from the reserve active-status list under 

subsection (a) or (b). 

(4) The authority of the Secretary of the Air Force under paragraph (1) expires on September 30, 2003. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2951; amended Pub. 

L. 104–201, div. A, title V, Sec. 508(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2513.) 
2375 § 14508 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

§ 14508. Removal from the reserve active-status list for 

years of service: reserve general and flag officers 

(a) THIRTY YEARS SERVICE OR FIVE YEARS IN GRADE FOR BRIGADIER GENERALS AND REAR ADMIRALS (LOWER HALF).—Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps in the grade of brigadier general who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of major general, and each 

reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) 

who has not been recommended for promotion to rear admiral 

shall, 30 days after completion of 30 years of commissioned service 

or on the fifth anniversary of the date of the officer’s appointment 

in the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half), 

whichever is later, be separated in accordance with section 14514 

of this title. 

(b) THIRTY-FIVE YEARS SERVICE OR FIVE YEARS IN GRADE

MAJOR GENERALS AND REAR ADMIRALS.—Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each 

reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade 

of major general, and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade 

of rear admiral, shall, 30 days after completion of 35 years of commissioned service or on the fifth anniversary of the date of the officer’s appointment in the grade of major general or rear admiral, 

whichever is later, be separated in accordance with section 14514 

of this title. 

(c) THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS OF SERVICE FOR LIEUTENANT GENERALS AND VICE ADMIRALS.—Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer 

of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of lieutenant 

general and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of vice 

admiral shall be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this 

title on the later of the following: 

(1) 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned 

service. 

(2) The fifth anniversary of the date of the officer’s appointment in the grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral. 

(d) FORTY YEARS OF SERVICE FOR GENERALS AND ADMIRALS.— 

Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at 

an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of general and each reserve officer of the 

Navy in the grade of admiral shall be separated in accordance with 

section 14514 of this title on the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the fifth anniversary of the officer’s appointment to that grade or 30 days after the date on which the officer 

completes 40 years of commissioned service, whichever is later. 

(e) RETENTION OF BRIGADIER GENERALS.—A reserve officer of 

the Army or Air Force in the grade of brigadier general who would 

otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection (a) 

may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary 

of the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active status, but not later than the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 62 years of age. Not more than 10 officers of the Army 
§ 14509 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2376 

and not more than 10 officers of the Air Force may be retained 

under this subsection at any one time. 

(f) RETENTION OF MAJOR GENERALS.—A reserve officer of the 

Army or Air Force in the grade of major general who would otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection (b) may, 

in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of 

the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active status, 

but not later than the date on which the officer becomes 64 years 

of age. Not more than 10 officers of the Army and not more than 

10 officers of the Air Force may be retained under this subsection 

at any one time. 

(g) RETENTION OF LIEUTENANT GENERALS.—A reserve officer of 

the Army or Air Force in the grade of lieutenant general who 

would otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection 

(c) may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active 

status, but not later than the date on which the officer becomes 66 

years of age. 

(h) EXCEPTION FOR STATE ADJUTANTS GENERAL AND ASSISTANT

ADJUTANTS GENERAL.—This section does not apply to an officer 

who is the adjutant general or assistant adjutant general of a 

State. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2951; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(30), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 105–85, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 521(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(e), 

Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 513, title XVIII, Sec. 

1825(c)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 99, 502; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 515, Oct. 

14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4442.) 

§ 14509. Separation at age 62: reserve officers in grades 

below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower 

half) 

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps in a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower 

half) who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of 

brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) and is not a member 

of the Retired Reserve shall, on the last day of the month in which 

that officer becomes 62 years of age, be separated in accordance 

with section 14515 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2952; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178.) 

§ 14510. Separation at age 62: brigadier generals and rear 

admirals (lower half) 

Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air 

Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of brigadier general who has 

not been recommended for promotion to the grade of major general, 

and each reserve rear admiral (lower half) of the Navy who has not 

been recommended for promotion to the grade of rear admiral, except an officer covered by section 14512 of this title, shall be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title on the last day 

of the month in which the officer becomes 62 years of age. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2952; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178.) 
2377 § 14512 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

§ 14511. Separation at age 64: officers in grade of major general or rear admiral and above 

(a) SEPARATION REQUIRED.—Unless retired, transferred to the 

Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major 

general or above and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade 

of rear admiral or above shall be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title on the last day of the month in which the 

officer becomes 64 years of age. 

(b) EXCEPTION FOR OFFICERS SERVING IN O–9 AND O–10 POSI- TIONS.—The retirement of a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, 

or Marine Corps in the grade of lieutenant general or general, or 

a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of vice admiral or admiral, under subsection (a) may be deferred— 

(1) by the President, but such a deferment may not extend 

beyond the first day of the month following the month in which 

the officer becomes 68 years of age; or 

(2) by the Secretary of Defense, but such a deferment may 

not extend beyond the first day of the month following the 

month in which the officer becomes 66 years of age. 

(c) EXCEPTION FOR OFFICERS HOLDING CERTAIN OFFICES.—This 

section does not apply to an officer covered by section 14512 of this 

title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2953; amended Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title XVIII, Sec. 1825(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 501.) 

§ 14512. Separation at age 66: officers holding certain offices 

(a) ARMY AND AIR FORCE.—(1) Unless retired, transferred to 

the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, a reserve officer of the Army or Air Force who is specified in paragraph (2) shall 

on the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 66 years 

of age, be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title. 

(2) Paragraph (1) applies to a reserve officer of the Army or Air 

Force who is any of the following: 

(A) The Chief of the Army Reserve, Chief of the Air Force 

Reserve, Director of the Army National Guard, or Director of 

the Air National Guard. 

(B) An adjutant general. 

(C) If a reserve officer of the Army, the commanding general of the troops of a State. 

(b) NAVY AND MARINE CORPS.—(1) The Secretary of the Navy 

may defer the retirement under section 14510 or 14511 of a reserve 

officer of the Navy in a grade above captain or a reserve officer of 

the Marine Corps in a grade above colonel and retain the officer 

in an active status until the officer becomes 66 years of age. Not 

more than 10 officers may be so deferred at any one time, distributed between the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve as 

the Secretary determines. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may defer the retirement of a reserve officer serving in the position of Chief of the Navy Reserve 

or Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve, but such deferment 

may not extend beyond the first day of the month following the 

month in which the officer becomes 66 years of age. A deferment 
§ 14513 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2378 

under this paragraph shall not count toward the limitation on the 

total number of officers whose retirement may be deferred at any 

one time under paragraph (1). 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2953; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Secs. 511, 515(b)(1)(UU), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3231, 3234; Pub. 

L. 109–364, div. A, title V, Sec. 503(d), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title XVIII, Sec. 1825(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 502.) 

§ 14513. Failure of selection for promotion: transfer, retirement, or discharge 

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps who is in an active status and whose removal from an active 

status or from a reserve active-status list is required by section 

14504, 14505, or 14506 of this title shall (unless the officer’s separation is deferred or the officer is continued in an active status 

under another provision of law) not later than the date specified in 

those sections— 

(1) be transferred to an inactive status if the Secretary 

concerned determines that the officer has skills which may be 

required to meet the mobilization needs of the officer’s armed 

force; 

(2) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is 

qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to 

be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or 

(3) if the officer is not transferred to an inactive status or 

to the Retired Reserve, be discharged from the officer’s reserve 

appointment. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2953; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, title V, Sec. 517(b)(1), (2)(A), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1094.) 

§ 14514. Discharge or retirement for years of service or after 

selection for early removal 

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps who is in an active status and who is required to be removed 

from an active status or from a reserve active-status list, as the 

case may be, under section 14507, 14508, 14704, or 14705 of this 

title (unless the officer is sooner separated or the officer’s separation is deferred or the officer is continued in an active status under 

another provision of law), in accordance with those sections, shall— 

(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is 

qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to 

be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or 

(2) be discharged from the officer’s reserve appointment if 

the officer is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve 

or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2953; amended Pub. 

L. 107–107, title V, Sec. 517(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1094.) 

§ 14515. Discharge or retirement for age 

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps who is in an active status or on an inactive-status list and 

who reaches the maximum age specified in section 14509, 14510, 
2379 § 14519 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP.

14511, or 14512 of this title for the officer’s grade or position shall 

(unless the officer is sooner separated or the officer’s separation is 

deferred or the officer is continued in an active status under another provision of law) not later than the last day of the month in 

which the officer reaches that maximum age— 

(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is 

qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to 

be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or 

(2) be discharged from the officer’s reserve appointment if 

the officer is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve 

or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2954; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(31), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 107–107, 

title V, Sec. 517(d), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1095.) 

§ 14516. Separation to be considered involuntary 

The separation of an officer pursuant to section 14513, 14514, 

or 14515 of this title shall be considered to be an involuntary separation for purposes of any other provision of law. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2954.) 

§ 14517. Entitlement of officers discharged under this chapter to separation pay 

An officer who is discharged under section 14513, 14514, or 

14515 of this title is entitled to separation pay under section 1174 

of this title if otherwise eligible under that section. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2954.) 

§ 14518. Continuation of officers to complete disciplinary action 

The Secretary concerned may delay the separation or retirement under this chapter of an officer against whom an action has 

been commenced with a view to trying the officer by court-martial. 

Any such delay may continue until the completion of the disciplinary action against the officer. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 592.) 

§ 14519. Deferment of retirement or separation for medical 

reasons 

(a) AUTHORITY.—If, in the case of an officer required to be retired or separated under this chapter or chapter 1409 of this title, 

the Secretary concerned determines that the evaluation of the 

physical condition of the officer and determination of the officer’s 

entitlement to retirement or separation for physical disability require hospitalization or medical observation and that such hospitalization or medical observation cannot be completed with confidence in a manner consistent with the officer’s well being before 

the date on which the officer would otherwise be required to retire 

or be separated, the Secretary may defer the retirement or separation of the officer. 

(b) PERIOD OF DEFERMENT.—A deferral of retirement or separation under subsection (a) may not extend for more than 30 days 
§ 14519 CH. 1407—FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION / INVOL. SEP. 2380 

after the completion of the evaluation requiring hospitalization or 

medical observation. 

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, Sec. 522(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2540.) 
2381 

CHAPTER 1409—CONTINUATION OF OFFICERS ON THE 

RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST AND SELECTIVE 

EARLY REMOVAL 

Sec. 

14701. Selection of officers for continuation on the reserve active-status list. 

14702. Retention on reserve active-status list of certain officers in the grade of 

major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, or brigadier general. 

14703. Authority to retain chaplains and officers in medical specialties until 

specified age. 

14704. Selective early removal from the reserve active-status list. 

14705. Selective early retirement: reserve general and flag officers of the Navy 

and Marine Corps. 

14706. Computation of total years of service. 

§ 14701. Selection of officers for continuation on the reserve 

active-status list 

(a) CONSIDERATION FOR CONTINUATION.—(1) A reserve officer of 

the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is required to be 

removed from the reserve active-status list under section 14505, 

14506, or 14507 of this title may, subject to the needs of the service 

and to section 14509 of this title, be considered for continuation on 

the reserve active-status list under regulations prescribed by the 

Secretary of Defense. 

(2) A reserve officer who holds the grade of captain in the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or the grade of lieutenant in the 

Navy and who is subject to separation under section 14513 of this 

title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under 

this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of 

the month in which the officer completes 20 years of commissioned 

service. 

(3) A reserve officer who holds the grade of major or lieutenant 

commander and who is subject to separation under section 14513 

of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list 

under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last 

day of the month in which the officer completes 24 years of commissioned service. 

(4) A reserve officer who holds the grade of lieutenant colonel 

or commander and who is subject to separation under section 

14514 of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the 

last day of the month in which the officer completes 33 years of 

commissioned service. 

(5) A reserve officer who holds the grade of colonel in the 

Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or the grade of captain in the 

Navy and who is subject to separation under section 14514 of this 

title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under 

this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of 

the month in which the officer completes 35 years of commissioned 

service. 
§ 14702 CH. 1409—CONTINUATION ON RASL & SELECTIVE EARLY REMOVAL 2382 

(6) An officer who is selected for continuation on the reserve 

active-status list under regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) 

but who declines to continue on that list shall be separated in accordance with section 14513 or 14514 of this title, as the case may 

be. 

(7) Each officer who is continued on the reserve active-status 

list under this section, who is not subsequently promoted or continued on the active-status list, and whose name is not on a list of 

officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall 

(unless sooner separated under another provision of law) be separated in accordance with section 14513 or 14514 of this title, as appropriate, upon the expiration of the period for which the officer 

was continued on the reserve active-status list. 

(b) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

regulations for the administration of this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2954; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title V, Sec. 522], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–108; Pub. 

L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 511(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1459.) 

§ 14702. Retention on reserve active-status list of certain officers in the grade of major, lieutenant colonel, 

colonel, or brigadier general 

(a) RETENTION.—Notwithstanding the provisions of section 

14506, 14507, or 14508 of this title, the Secretary of the military 

department concerned may, with the officer’s consent, retain on the 

reserve active-status list an officer in the grade of major, lieutenant 

colonel, colonel, or brigadier general who is— 

(1) an officer of the Army National Guard of the United 

States and assigned to a headquarters or headquarters detachment of a State; or 

(2) a reserve officer of the Army or Air Force who, as a 

condition of continued employment as a National Guard or Reserve technician is required by the Secretary concerned to 

maintain membership in a Selected Reserve unit or organization. 

(b) SEPARATION FOR AGE.—An officer may be retained under 

this section only so long as the officer continues to meet the conditions of paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a). An officer described 

in paragraph (1) of such subsection may not be retained under this 

section after the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 

62 years of age. An officer described in paragraph (2) of such subsection may not be retained under this section after the last day 

of the month in which the officer becomes 60 years of age. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2955; amended Pub. 

L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 521(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], 

title V, Sec. 514(b), (c)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4441.) 

§ 14703. Authority to retain chaplains and officers in medical specialties until specified age 

(a) RETENTION.—Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 

1407 of this title and except for officers referred to in sections 

14503, 14504, 14505, and 14506 of this title and under regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense— 

(1) the Secretary of the Army may, with the officer’s consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer assigned to 
2383 § 14705 CH. 1409—CONTINUATION ON RASL & SELECTIVE EARLY REMOVAL

the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the Veterinary Corps, the 

Medical Services Corps (if the officer has been designated as 

allied health officer or biomedical sciences officer in that 

Corps), the Optometry Section of the Medical Services Corps, 

the Chaplains, the Army Nurse Corps, or the Army Medical 

Specialists Corps; 

(2) the Secretary of the Navy may, with the officer’s consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer appointed in 

the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, or Chaplain 

Corps or appointed in the Medical Services Corps and designated to perform as a veterinarian, optometrist, podiatrist, 

allied health officer, or biomedical sciences officer; and 

(3) the Secretary of the Air Force may, with the officer’s 

consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer who is 

designated as a medical officer, dental officer, Air Force nurse, 

Medical Service Corps officer, biomedical sciences officer, or 

chaplain. 

(b) SEPARATION AT SPECIFIED AGE.—An officer may not be retained in active status under this section later than the date on 

which the officer becomes 68 years of age. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2956; amended Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 516, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. 

A], title V, Sec. 523], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–108; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title 

V, Sec. 516(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4442.) 

§ 14704. Selective early removal from the reserve active-status list 

(a) BOARDS TO RECOMMEND OFFICERS FOR REMOVAL FROM RE- SERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST.—Whenever the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that there are in any reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary too many 

officers in any grade and competitive category who have at least 30 

years of service computed under section 14706 of this title or at 

least 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, 

the Secretary may convene a selection board under section 14101(b) 

of this title to consider all officers on that list who are in that grade 

and competitive category, and who have that amount of service, for 

the purpose of recommending officers by name for removal from the 

reserve active-status list, in the number specified by the Secretary 

by each grade and competitive category. 

(b) SEPARATION OF OFFICERS SELECTED.—In the case of an officer recommended for separation in the report of a board under subsection (a), the Secretary may separate the officer in accordance 

with section 14514 of this title. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the military department 

concerned shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this 

section. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2956.) 

§ 14705. Selective early retirement: reserve general and flag 

officers of the Navy and Marine Corps 

(a) AUTHORITY TO CONSIDER.—An officer in the Navy Reserve 

in an active status serving in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) 

or rear admiral and an officer in the Marine Corps Reserve in an 

active status serving in the grade of brigadier general or major 
§ 14706 CH. 1409—CONTINUATION ON RASL & SELECTIVE EARLY REMOVAL 2384 

general may be considered for early retirement whenever the Secretary of the Navy determines that such action is necessary. 

(b) BOARDS.—(1) If the Secretary of the Navy determines that 

consideration of officers for early retirement under this section is 

necessary, the Secretary shall convene a selection board under section 14101(b) of this title to recommend an appropriate number of 

officers for early retirement. 

(2) In the case of such a board convened to consider officers in 

the grade of rear admiral or major general, the Secretary of the 

Navy may appoint the board without regard to section 14102(b) of 

this title. In doing so, however, the Secretary shall ensure that— 

(A) each regular commissioned officer appointed to the 

board holds a grade higher than the grade of rear admiral or 

major general; and 

(B) at least one member of the board is a reserve officer 

who holds the grade of rear admiral or major general. 

(c) SEPARATION UNDER SECTION 14514.—An officer selected for 

early retirement under this section shall be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2957; amended Pub. 

L. 105–261, div. A, title V, Sec. 515, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2008; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 511(b)(3), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

515(b)(1)(VV), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.) 

§ 14706. Computation of total years of service 

(a) For the purpose of this chapter and chapter 1407 of this 

title, a Reserve officer’s years of service include all service of the 

officer as a commissioned officer of a uniformed service other than 

the following: 

(1) Service as a warrant officer. 

(2) Constructive service. 

(3) Service after appointment as a commissioned officer of 

a reserve component while in a program of advanced education 

to obtain the first professional degree required for appointment, designation, or assignment to a professional specialty, 

but only if that service occurs before the officer commences initial service on active duty or initial service in the Ready Reserve in the specialty that results from such a degree. 

(b) The exclusion under subsection (a)(3) does not apply to 

service performed by an officer who previously served on active 

duty or participated as a member of the Ready Reserve in other 

than a student status for the period of service preceding the member’s service in a student status. 

(c) For purposes of subsection (a)(3), an officer shall be considered to be in a professional specialty if the officer is appointed or 

assigned to the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the Veterinary 

Corps, the Medical Service Corps, the Nurse Corps, or the Army 

Medical Specialists Corps or is designated as a chaplain or judge 

advocate. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2957; amended Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 515, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 594.) 
2385 

CHAPTER 1411—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO 

INVOLUNTARY SEPARATION 

Sec. 

14901. Separation of chaplains for loss of professional qualifications. 

14902. Separation for substandard performance and for certain other reasons. 

14903. Boards of inquiry. 

14904. Rights and procedures. 

14905. Officer considered for removal: retirement or discharge. 

14906. Officers eligible to serve on boards. 

14907. Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the 

United States: discharge and withdrawal of Federal recognition of officers absent without leave. 

§ 14901. Separation of chaplains for loss of professional 

qualifications 

(a) SEPARATION.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, an officer on the reserve active-status list who 

is appointed or designated as a chaplain may, if the officer fails to 

maintain the qualifications needed to perform the professional 

function of a chaplain, be discharged. The authority under the preceding sentence applies without regard to the provisions of section 

12645 of this title. 

(b) EFFECT OF SEPARATION.—If an officer separated under this 

section is eligible for retirement, the officer may be retired. If the 

officer has completed the years of service required for eligibility for 

retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title, the officer may be 

transferred to the Retired Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2957.) 

§ 14902. Separation for substandard performance and for 

certain other reasons 

(a) SUBSTANDARD PERFORMANCE OF DUTY.—The Secretary of 

the military department concerned shall prescribe, by regulation, 

procedures for the review at any time of the record of any reserve 

officer to determine whether that officer should be required, because that officer’s performance has fallen below standards prescribed by the Secretary concerned, to show cause for retention in 

an active status. 

(b) MISCONDUCT, ETC.—The Secretary of the military department concerned shall prescribe, by regulation, procedures for the 

review at any time of the record of any reserve officer to determine 

whether that officer should be required, because of misconduct, because of moral or professional dereliction, or because the officer’s 

retention is not clearly consistent with the interests of national security, to show cause for retention in an active status. 

(c) REGULATIONS.—The authority of the Secretary of a military 

department under this section shall be carried out subject to such 

limitations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe by regulation. 
§ 14903 CH. 1411—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INVOL. SEP. 2386 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2958.) 

§ 14903. Boards of inquiry 

(a) CONVENING OF BOARDS.—The Secretary of the military department concerned shall convene a board of inquiry at such time 

and place as the Secretary may prescribe to receive evidence and 

review the case of any officer who has been required to show cause 

for retention in an active status under section 14902 of this title. 

Each board of inquiry shall be composed of not less than three officers who have the qualifications prescribed in section 14906 of this 

title. 

(b) RIGHT TO FAIR HEARING.—A board of inquiry shall give a 

fair and impartial hearing to each officer required under section 

14902 of this title to show cause for retention in an active status. 

(c) RECOMMENDATIONS TO SECRETARY.—If a board of inquiry 

determines that the officer has failed to establish that the officer 

should be retained in an active status, the board shall recommend 

to the Secretary concerned that the officer not be retained in an active status. 

(d) ACTION BY SECRETARY.—After review of the recommendation of the board of inquiry, the Secretary may— 

(1) remove the officer from an active status; or 

(2) determine that the case be closed. 

(e) ACTION IN CASES WHERE CAUSE FOR RETENTION IS ESTABLISHED.—(1) If a board of inquiry determines that an officer has established that the officer should be retained in an active status or 

if the Secretary determines that the case be closed, the officer’s 

case is closed. 

(2) An officer who is required to show cause for retention under 

section 14902(a) of this title and whose case is closed under paragraph (1) may not again be required to show cause for retention 

under such subsection during the one-year period beginning on the 

date of that determination. 

(3)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), an officer who is required 

to show cause for retention under section 14902(b) of this title and 

whose case is closed under paragraph (1) may again be required to 

show cause for retention at any time. 

(B) An officer who has been required to show cause for retention under section 14902(b) of this title and who is thereafter retained in an active status may not again be required to show cause 

for retention under such section solely because of conduct which 

was the subject of the previous proceeding, unless the recommendations of the board of inquiry that considered the officer’s case are 

determined to have been obtained by fraud or collusion. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2958; amended Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(32), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498.) 

§ 14904. Rights and procedures 

(a) PROCEDURAL RIGHTS.—Under regulations prescribed by the 

Secretary of Defense, an officer required under section 14902 of 

this title to show cause for retention in an active status— 

(1) shall be notified in writing, at least 30 days before the 

hearing of the officer’s case by a board of inquiry, of the rea-
2387 § 14905 CH. 1411—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INVOL. SEP.

sons for which the officer is being required to show cause for 

retention in an active status; 

(2) shall be allowed a reasonable time, as determined by 

the board of inquiry, to prepare for showing of cause for retention in an active status; 

(3) shall be allowed to appear in person and to be represented by counsel at proceedings before the board of inquiry; 

and 

(4) shall be allowed full access to, and shall be furnished 

copies of, records relevant to the case, except that the board of 

inquiry shall withhold any record that the Secretary concerned 

determines should be withheld in the interest of national security. 

(b) SUMMARY OF RECORDS WITHHELD.—When a record is withheld under subsection (a)(4), the officer whose case is under consideration shall, to the extent that the interest of national security 

permits, be furnished a summary of the record so withheld. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2959.) 

§ 14905. Officer considered for removal: retirement or discharge 

(a) VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT OR DISCHARGE.—At any time during proceedings under this chapter with respect to the removal of 

an officer from an active status, the Secretary of the military department concerned may grant a request by the officer— 

(1) for voluntary retirement, if the officer is qualified for 

retirement; 

(2) for transfer to the Retired Reserve if the officer has 

completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired 

pay under chapter 1223 of this title and is otherwise eligible 

for transfer to the Retired Reserve; or 

(3) for discharge in accordance with subsection (b)(3). 

(b) REQUIRED RETIREMENT OR DISCHARGE.—An officer removed 

from an active status under section 14903 of this title shall— 

(1) if eligible for voluntary retirement under any provision 

of law on the date of such removal, be retired in the grade and 

with the retired pay for which he would be eligible if retired 

under that provision; 

(2) if eligible for transfer to the Retired Reserve and has 

completed the years of service required for retired pay under 

chapter 1223 of this title, be transferred to the Retired Reserve; and 

(3) if ineligible for retirement or transfer to the Retired Reserve under paragraph (1) or (2) on the date of such removal— 

(A) be honorably discharged in the grade then held, in 

the case of an officer whose case was brought under subsection (a) of section 14902 of this title; or 

(B) be discharged in the grade then held, in the case 

of an officer whose case was brought under subsection (b) 

of section 14902 of this title. 

(c) SEPARATION PAY.—An officer who is discharged under subsection (b)(3) is entitled, if eligible therefor, to separation pay 

under section 1174(c) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2959.) 
§ 14906 CH. 1411—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INVOL. SEP. 2388 

§ 14906. Officers eligible to serve on boards 

(a) COMPOSITION OF BOARDS.—Each board convened under this 

chapter shall consist of officers appointed as follows: 

(1) Each member of the board shall be an officer of the 

same armed force as the officer being required to show cause 

for retention in an active status. 

(2) Each member of the board shall hold a grade above 

major or lieutenant commander, except that at least one member of the board shall hold a grade above lieutenant colonel or 

commander. 

(3) Each member of the board shall be senior in grade to 

any officer to be considered by the board. 

(b) LIMITATION.—A person may not be a member of more than 

one board convened under this chapter to consider the same officer. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2960; amended Pub. 

L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 504(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 591.) 

§ 14907. Army National Guard of the United States and Air 

National Guard of the United States: discharge and 

withdrawal of Federal recognition of officers absent without leave 

(a) AUTHORITY TO WITHDRAW FEDERAL RECOGNITION.—If an 

officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air 

National Guard of the United States has been absent without leave 

for three months, the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the 

Air Force, as appropriate, may— 

(1) terminate the reserve appointment of the officer; and 

(2) withdraw the officer’s Federal recognition as an officer 

of the National Guard. 

(b) DISCHARGE FROM RESERVE APPOINTMENT.—An officer of the 

Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National 

Guard of the United States whose Federal recognition as an officer 

of the National Guard is withdrawn under section 323(b) of title 32 

shall be discharged from the officer’s appointment as a reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force, as the case may be. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2960.) 
2389 

PART IV—TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE 

PROGRAMS 

Chap. Sec. 

1601. Training Generally. [No present sections] 

1606. Educational Assistance for Members of the Selected 

Reserve ......................................................................... 16131 

1607. Educational Assistance for Reserve Component Members Supporting Contingency Operations and Certain Other Operations ................................................. 16161 

1608. Health Professions Stipend Program ............................ 16201 

1609. Education Loan Repayment Programs .......................... 16301 

1611. Other Educational Assistance Programs ...................... 16401 

2391 

CHAPTER 1601—TRAINING GENERALLY 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 1606—EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR 

MEMBERS OF THE SELECTED RESERVE 

Sec. 

16131. Educational assistance program: establishment; amount. 

16131a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance. 

16132. Eligibility for educational assistance. 

16132a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members. 

16133. Time limitation for use of entitlement. 

16134. Termination of assistance. 

16135. Failure to participate satisfactorily; penalties. 

16136. Administration of program. 

16137. Biennial report to Congress. 

§ 16131. Educational assistance program: establishment; 

amount 

(a) To encourage membership in units of the Selected Reserve 

of the Ready Reserve, the Secretary of each military department, 

under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and the 

Secretary of Homeland Security, under regulations prescribed by 

the Secretary with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, shall establish and maintain a program to provide educational assistance to members of the Selected 

Reserve of the Ready Reserve of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned who agree to remain members 

of the Selected Reserve for a period of not less than six years. 

(b)(1) Except as provided in subsections (d) through (f), each 

educational assistance program established under subsection (a) 

shall provide for payment by the Secretary concerned, through the 

Secretary of Veterans Affairs, to each person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is pursuing a program 

of education of an educational assistance allowance at the following 

rates: 

(A) $251 (as increased from time to time under paragraph 

(2)) per month for each month of full-time pursuit of a program 

of education; 

(B) $188 (as increased form time to time under paragraph 

(2)) per month for each month of three-quarter-time pursuit of 

a program of education; (C) $125 (as increased form time to time under paragraph 

(2)) per month for each month of half-time pursuit of a program of education; and 

(D) an appropriately reduced rate, as determined under 

regulations which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall pre-
§ 16131 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2392 

scribe, for each month of less than half-time pursuit of a program of education, except that no payment may be made to a 

person for less than half-time pursuit if tuition assistance is 

otherwise available to the person for such pursuit from the 

military department concerned. 

(2) With respect to any fiscal year, the Secretary shall provide 

a percentage increase (rounded to the nearest dollar) in the rates 

payable under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1) 

equal to the percentage by which— 

(A) the Consumer Price Index (all items, United States city 

average) for the 12-month period ending on the June 30 preceding the beginning of the fiscal year for which the increase 

is made, exceeds 

(B) such Consumer Price Index for the 12-month period 

preceding the 12-month period described in subparagraph (A). 

(c)(1) Educational assistance may be provided under this chapter for pursuit of any program of education that is an approved program of education for purposes of chapter 30 of title 38. 

(2) Subject to section 3695 of title 38, the maximum number 

of months of educational assistance that may be provided to any 

person under this chapter is 36 (or the equivalent thereof in parttime educational assistance). 

(3)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or 

chapter 36 of title 38, any payment of an educational assistance allowance described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph shall 

not— 

(i) be charged against the entitlement of any individual 

under this chapter; or 

(ii) be counted toward the aggregate period for which section 3695 of title 38 limits an individual’s receipt of assistance. 

(B) The payment of the educational assistance allowance referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph is the payment of 

such an allowance to the individual for pursuit of a course or 

courses under this chapter if the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 

finds that the individual— 

(i) had to discontinue such course pursuit as a result of 

being ordered to serve on active duty under section 12301(a), 

12301(d), 12301(g), 12302, or 12304 of this title; and 

(ii) failed to receive credit or training time toward completion of the individual’s approved educational, professional, or 

vocational objective as a result of having to discontinue, as described in clause (i), the individual’s course pursuit. 

(C) The period for which, by reason of this subsection, an educational assistance allowance is not charged against entitlement or 

counted toward the applicable aggregate period under section 3695 

of title 38 shall not exceed the portion of the period of enrollment 

in the course or courses for which the individual failed to receive 

credit or with respect to which the individual lost training time, as 

determined under subparagraph (B)(ii). 

(d)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amount of the 

monthly educational assistance allowance payable to a person pursuing a full-time program of apprenticeship or other on-the-job 

training under this chapter is— 
2393 § 16131 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

(A) for each of the first six months of the person’s pursuit 

of such program, 75 percent of the monthly educational assistance allowance otherwise payable to such person under this 

chapter; 

(B) for each of the second six months of the person’s pursuit of such program, 55 percent of such monthly educational 

assistance allowance; and 

(C) for each of the months following the first 12 months of 

the person’s pursuit of such program, 35 percent of such 

monthly educational assistance allowance. 

(2) In any month in which any person pursuing a program of 

education consisting of a program of apprenticeship or other onthe-job training fails to complete 120 hours of training, the amount 

of the monthly educational assistance allowance payable under this 

chapter to the person shall be limited to the same proportion of the 

applicable full-time rate as the number of hours worked during 

such month, rounded to the nearest 8 hours, bears to 120 hours. 

(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for each month 

that such person is paid a monthly educational assistance allowance under this chapter, the person’s entitlement under this chapter shall be charged at the rate of— 

(i) 75 percent of a month in the case of payments made in 

accordance with paragraph (1)(A); 

(ii) 55 percent of a month in the case of payments made 

in accordance with paragraph (1)(B); and 

(iii) 35 percent of a month in the case of payments made 

in accordance with paragraph (1)(C). 

(B) Any such charge to the entitlement shall be reduced proportionately in accordance with the reduction in payment under 

paragraph (2). 

(e)(1)(A) The amount of the educational assistance allowance 

payable under this chapter to a person who enters into an agreement to pursue, and is pursuing, a program of education exclusively by correspondence is an amount equal to 55 percent of the 

established charge which the institution requires nonveterans to 

pay for the course or courses pursued by such person. 

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘established 

charge’’ means the lesser of— 

(i) the charge for the course or courses determined on the 

basis of the lowest extended time payment plan offered by the 

institution and approved by the appropriate State approving 

agency; or 

(ii) the actual charge to the person for such course or 

courses. 

(C) Such allowance shall be paid quarterly on a pro rata basis 

for the lessons completed by the person and serviced by the institution. 

(2) In each case in which the amount of educational assistance 

is determined under paragraph (1), the period of entitlement of the 

person concerned shall be charged with one month for each amount 

equal to the amount of the monthly rate payable under subsection 

(b)(1)(A) for the fiscal year concerned which is paid to the individual as an educational assistance allowance. 
§ 16131 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2394 

(f)(1) Each individual who is pursuing a program of education 

consisting exclusively of flight training approved as meeting the requirements of section 16136(c) of this title shall be paid an educational assistance allowance under this chapter in the amount 

equal to 60 percent of the established charges for tuition and fees 

which similarly circumstanced nonveterans enrolled in the same 

flight course are required to pay. 

(2) No educational assistance allowance may be paid under this 

chapter to an individual for any month during which such individual is pursuing a program of education consisting exclusively of 

flight training until the Secretary has received from that individual 

and the institution providing such training a certification of the 

flight training received by the individual during that month and 

the tuition and other fees charged for that training. 

(3) The period of entitlement of an individual pursuing a program of education described in paragraph (1) shall be charged with 

one month for each amount equal to the amount of the monthly 

rate payable under subsection (b)(1)(A) for the fiscal year concerned 

which is paid to that individual as an educational assistance allowance for such program. 

(4) The number of solo flying hours for which an individual 

may be paid an educational assistance allowance under this subsection may not exceed the minimum number of solo flying hours 

required by the Federal Aviation Administration for the flight rating or certification which is the goal of the individual’s flight training. 

(g)(1)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall approve individualized tutorial assistance for 

any person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter 

who— 

(i) is enrolled in and pursuing a postsecondary course of 

education on a half-time or more basis at an educational institution; and 

(ii) has a deficiency in a subject required as a part of, or 

which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the satisfactory pursuit of, the program of education. 

(B) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall not approve individualized tutorial assistance for a person pursuing a program of education under this paragraph unless such assistance is necessary for 

the person to successfully complete the program of education. 

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary concerned, 

through the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall pay to a person receiving individualized tutorial assistance pursuant to paragraph (1) 

a tutorial assistance allowance. The amount of the allowance payable under this paragraph may not exceed $100 for any month, nor 

aggregate more than $1,200. The amount of the allowance paid 

under this paragraph shall be in addition to the amount of educational assistance allowance payable to a person under this chapter. 

(B) A tutorial assistance allowance may not be paid to a person 

under this paragraph until the educational institution at which the 

person is enrolled certifies that— 

(i) the individualized tutorial assistance is essential to correct a deficiency of the person in a subject required as a part 
2395 § 16131 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

of, or which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the 

satisfactory pursuit of, an approved program of education; 

(ii) the tutor chosen to perform such assistance is qualified 

to provide such assistance and is not the person’s parent, 

spouse, child (whether or not married or over eighteen years 

of age), brother, or sister; and 

(iii) the charges for such assistance do not exceed the customary charges for such tutorial assistance. 

(3)(A) A person’s period of entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged only with respect to the 

amount of tutorial assistance paid to the person under this subsection in excess of $600. 

(B) A person’s period of entitlement to educational assistance 

under this chapter shall be charged at the rate of one month for 

each amount of assistance paid to the individual under this section 

in excess of $600 that is equal to the amount of the monthly educational assistance allowance which the person is otherwise eligible 

to receive for full-time pursuit of an institutional course under this 

chapter. 

(h) A program of education in a course of instruction beyond 

the baccalaureate degree level shall be provided under this chapter, 

subject to the availability of appropriations. 

(i)(1) In the case of a person who has a skill or specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a skill or specialty in which 

there is a critical shortage of personnel or for which it is difficult 

to recruit or, in the case of critical units, retain personnel, the Secretary concerned may increase the rate of the educational assistance allowance applicable to that person to such rate in excess of 

the rate prescribed under subparagraphs (A) through (D) of subsection (b)(1) as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate, but 

the amount of any such increase may not exceed $350 per month. 

(2) In the case of a person who has a skill or specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a skill or specialty in which 

there is a critical shortage of personnel or for which it is difficult 

to recruit or, in the case of critical units, retain personnel, who is 

eligible for educational benefits under chapter 30 (other than section 3012) of title 38 and who meets the eligibility criteria specified 

in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 16132(a)(1) of this title, the 

Secretary concerned may increase the rate of the educational assistance allowance applicable to that person to such rate in excess 

of the rate prescribed under section 3015 of title 38 as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate, but the amount of any 

such increase may not exceed $350 per month. 

(3) The authority provided by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be 

exercised by the Secretaries concerned under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of Defense. 

(j)(1) Subject to paragraph (3), the amount of educational assistance payable under this chapter for a licensing or certification 

test described in section 3452(b) of title 38 is the lesser of $2,000 

or the fee charged for the test. 

(2) The number of months of entitlement charged in the case 

of any individual for such licensing or certification test is equal to 

the number (including any fraction) determined by dividing the 

total amount of educational assistance paid such individual for 
§ 16131a CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2396 

such test by the full-time monthly institutional rate of educational 

assistance which, but for paragraph (1), such individual would otherwise be paid under subsection (b). 

(3) In no event shall payment of educational assistance under 

this subsection for such a test exceed the amount of the individual’s 

available entitlement under this chapter. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, Sec. 402(a), July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 328, Sec. 2131; amended Pub. 

L. 96–107, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 96–342, title IX, Sec. 

906(a)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(68), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 

Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2565; Pub. L. 100– 

689, title I, Sec. 110(a), 111(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4170, 4172; Pub. L. 101–189, div. 

A, title VI, Sec. 642(a), (b), 645(a)(1), (b)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1456, 1458; Pub. L. 101– 

237, title IV, Sec. 422(b)(2), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2089; Pub. L. 102–25, title III, Sec. 337(b), 

Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 102–127, Sec. 2(d), Oct. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 102– 

568, title III, Sec. 301(b), (d), 310(b), 318, 320(a)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4326, 4330, 4334, 

4335; Pub. L. 103–66, title XII, Sec. 12009(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 103–160, 

div. A, title V, Sec. 518, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1651; renumbered Sec. 16131 and amended 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(b)(2), (3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006, 3007; Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1076, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 104–275, title I, 

Sec. 105(d), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3327; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(a), Nov. 18, 

1997, 111 Stat. 1748; Pub. L. 105–178, title VIII, Sec. 8203(b)(1)–(3), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 

493, 494; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1066(a)(33), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 

107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title 

V, Sec. 539(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3250.) 

§ 16131a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance 

(a) The educational assistance allowance payable under section 

16131 of this title with respect to an eligible person described in 

subsection (b) may, upon the election of such eligible person, be 

paid on an accelerated basis in accordance with this section. 

(b) An eligible person described in this subsection is a person 

entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is— 

(1) enrolled in an approved program of education not exceeding two years in duration and not leading to an associate, 

bachelors, masters, or other degree, subject to subsection (g); 

and 

(2) charged tuition and fees for the program of education 

that, when divided by the number of months (and fractions 

thereof) in the enrollment period, exceeds the amount equal to 

200 percent of the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the person under 

section 16131 of this title. 

(c)(1) The amount of the accelerated payment of educational assistance payable with respect to an eligible person making an election under subsection (a) for a program of education shall be the 

lesser of— 

(A) the amount equal to 60 percent of the established 

charges for the program of education; or 

(B) the aggregate amount of educational assistance allowance to which the person remains entitled under this chapter 

at the time of the payment. 

(2)(A) In this subsection, except as provided in subparagraph 

(B), the term ‘‘established charges’’, in the case of a program of 

education, means the actual charges (as determined pursuant to 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) for tuition and fees which similarly circumstanced individuals who are 

not eligible for benefits under this chapter and who are enrolled in 

the program of education would be required to pay. Established 

charges shall be determined on the following basis: 
2397 § 16131a CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

(i) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of 

education offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the term, quarter, or 

semester. 

(ii) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of 

education not offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the 

tuition and fees charged the individual for the entire program 

of education. 

(B) In this subsection, the term ‘‘established charges’’ does not 

include any fees or payments attributable to the purchase of a vehicle. 

(3) The educational institution providing the program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance 

allowance is elected by an eligible person under subsection (a) shall 

certify to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs the amount of the established charges for the program of education. 

(d) An accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance 

made with respect to an eligible person under this section for a 

program of education shall be made not later than the last day of 

the month immediately following the month in which the Secretary 

of Veterans Affairs receives a certification from the educational institution regarding— 

(1) the person’s enrollment in and pursuit of the program 

of education; and 

(2) the amount of the established charges for the program 

of education. 

(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for each accelerated 

payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to 

an eligible person under this section, the person’s entitlement to 

educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged the 

number of months (and any fraction thereof) determined by dividing the amount of the accelerated payment by the full-time monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with 

respect to the person under section 16131 of this title as of the beginning date of the enrollment period for the program of education 

for which the accelerated payment is made. 

(2) If the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to an eligible person under section 

16131 of this title increases during the enrollment period of a program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational 

assistance allowance is made under this section, the charge to the 

person’s entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter 

shall be determined by prorating the entitlement chargeable, in the 

manner provided for under paragraph (1), for the periods covered 

by the initial rate and increased rate, respectively, in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 

(f) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe regulations 

to carry out this section. The regulations shall include requirements, conditions, and methods for the request, issuance, delivery, 

certification of receipt and use, and recovery of overpayment of an 

accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance under this 

section. The regulations may include such elements of the regulations prescribed under section 3014A of title 38 as the Secretary of 

Veterans Affairs considers appropriate for purposes of this section. 
§ 16132 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2398 

(g) The aggregate amount of educational assistance payable 

under this section in any fiscal year for enrollments covered by 

subsection (b)(1) may not exceed $4,000,000. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 528(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 105.) 

§ 16132. Eligibility for educational assistance 

(a) A person who— 

(1) after June 30, 1985— 

(A) enlists, reenlists, or extends an enlistment as a Reserve for service in the Selected Reserve for a period of not 

less than six years; or 

(B) is appointed as, or is serving as, a reserve officer 

and agrees to serve in the Selected Reserve for a period of 

not less than six years in addition to any other period of 

obligated service in the Selected Reserve to which the person may be subject; and 

(2) before applying for benefits under this section, has completed the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or an 

equivalency certificate); 

is entitled to educational assistance under section 16131 of this 

title. 

(b) Educational assistance may not be provided to a member 

under this chapter until the member has completed the initial period of active duty for training required of the member. 

(c) Each person who becomes entitled to educational assistance 

under subsection (a) shall at the time the person becomes so entitled be given a statement in writing summarizing the provisions of 

this chapter and stating clearly and prominently the substance of 

sections 16134 and 16135 of this title as such sections may apply 

to the person. At the request of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 

the Secretary of Defense shall transmit a notice of entitlement for 

each such person to that Secretary. 

(d) A person who serves in the Selected Reserve may not receive credit for such service under both the program established by 

chapter 30 of title 38 and the program established by this chapter 

but shall elect (in such form and manner as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) the program to which such service is 

to be credited. However, a person may not receive credit under the 

program established by this chapter for service (in any grade) on 

full-time active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components in a position which is included in the 

end strength required to be authorized each year by section 

115(a)(1)(B) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, Sec. 402(a), July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 329, Sec. 2132; amended Pub. 

L. 95–485, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1613; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 

511(69), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 

98 Stat. 2565; Pub. L. 100–48, Sec. 4, June 1, 1987, 101 Stat. 331; Pub. L. 100–689, title I, Sec. 

110(b), 111(b)(2)–(4), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4170, 4173; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 

643(a), 645(a), (b)(2), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1458; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, Sec. 701(f)(6), Apr. 

6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; renumbered Sec. 16132 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1663(b)(2), (4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006, 3007; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 

1501(b)(34), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 106–419, title I, Sec. 102(d), Nov. 1, 2000, 

114 Stat. 1825.) 
2399 § 16132a CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

§ 16132a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to 

family members 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to regulation prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary concerned may permit a member 

described in subsection (b) who is entitled to basic educational assistance under this chapter to elect to transfer to one or more of 

the dependents specified in subsection (c) a portion of such member’s entitlement to such assistance, subject to the limitation under 

subsection (d). 

(b) ELIGIBLE MEMBERS.—A member referred to in subsection 

(a) is a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve who, 

at the time of the approval of the member’s request to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section, has 

completed— 

(1) at least six years of service in the Selected Reserve and 

enters into an agreement to serve at least four more years as 

a member of the armed forces; or 

(2) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j). 

(c) ELIGIBLE DEPENDENTS.—A member approved to transfer an 

entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may 

transfer the member’s entitlement as follows: 

(1) To the member’s spouse. 

(2) To one or more of the member’s children. 

(3) To a combination of the individuals referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2). 

(d) LIMITATION ON MONTHS OF TRANSFER.—The total number 

of months of entitlement transferred by a member under this section may not exceed 36 months. The Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations that would limit the months of entitlement that 

may be transferred under this section to no less than 18 months. 

(e) DESIGNATION OF TRANSFEREE.—A member transferring an 

entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section 

shall— 

(1) designate the dependent or dependents to whom such 

entitlement is being transferred; 

(2) designate the number of months of such entitlement to 

be transferred to each such dependent; and 

(3) specify the period for which the transfer shall be effective for each dependent designated under paragraph (1). 

(f) TIME FOR TRANSFER; REVOCATION AND MODIFICATION.—(1) 

Subject to the time limitation for use of entitlement under section 

16133, a member approved to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer such entitlement at any time after the approval of the member’s request to 

transfer such entitlement. 

(2) A member transferring entitlement under this section may 

modify or revoke at any time the transfer of any unused portion 

of the entitlement so transferred. The modification or revocation of 

the transfer of entitlement under this paragraph shall be made by 

the submittal of written notice of the action to both the Secretary 

concerned and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 
§ 16132a CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2400 

(3) Entitlement transferred under this section may not be 

treated as marital property, or the asset of a marital estate, subject 

to division in a divorce or other civil proceeding. 

(g) COMMENCEMENT OF USE.—A dependent to whom entitlement to basic educational assistance is transferred under this section may not commence the use of the transferred entitlement 

until— 

(1) in the case of entitlement transferred to a spouse, the 

completion by the member making the transfer of at least— 

(A) six years of service in the armed forces; or 

(B) the years of service as determined in regulations 

pursuant to subsection (j); or 

(2) in the case of entitlement transferred to a child, both— 

(A) the completion by the member making the transfer 

of at least— 

(i) ten years of service in the armed forces; or 

(ii) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); and 

(B) either— 

(i) the completion by the child of the requirements 

of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate); or 

(ii) the attainment by the child of 18 years of age. 

(h) ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.—(1) The use of any 

entitlement to basic educational assistance transferred under this 

section shall be charged against the entitlement of the member 

making the transfer at the rate of one month for each month of 

transferred entitlement that is used. 

(2) Except as provided under subsection (e)(2) and subject to 

paragraphs (5) and (6), a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section is entitled to basic educational assistance 

under this chapter in the same manner as the member from whom 

the entitlement was transferred. 

(3) The monthly rate of educational assistance payable to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section 

shall be the monthly amount payable under sections 16131 and 

16131a to the member making the transfer. 

(4) The death of a member transferring an entitlement under 

this section shall not affect the use of the entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred. 

(5) The involuntary separation or retirement of the member— 

(A) because of a nondiscretionary provision of law for age 

or years of service; 

(B) because of a policy prescribed by the Secretary concerned mandating such separation or retirement based solely 

on age or years of service for the prescribed pay grade of an 

enlisted member; 

(C) under section 16133(b); or 

(D) because of medical disqualification which is not the result of gross negligence or misconduct of the member, shall not 

affect the use of entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred. 
2401 § 16133 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

(6) A child to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may not use any entitlement so transferred after attaining the 

age of 26 years. 

(7) The administrative provisions of this chapter shall apply to 

the use of entitlement transferred under this section, except that 

the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred shall be 

treated as the eligible member for purposes of such provisions. 

(8) The purposes for which a dependent to whom entitlement 

is transferred under this section may use such entitlement shall include the pursuit and completion of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate). 

(i) OVERPAYMENT.—(1) In the event of an overpayment of basic 

educational assistance with respect to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section, the dependent and the 

member making the transfer shall be jointly and severally liable to 

the United States for the amount of the overpayment for purposes 

of section 3685 of title 38. 

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if a member’s eligibility is terminated under section 16134(2), the amount of any 

transferred entitlement under this section that is used by a dependent of the member as of the date of such termination shall be 

treated as an overpayment of basic educational assistance under 

paragraph (1). 

(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a member who 

fails to complete service agreed to by the member— 

(A) by reason of the death of the member; or 

(B) for a reason referred to in section 16133(b). 

(j) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of Defense, in consultation 

with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall prescribe regulations 

for purposes of this section. Such regulations shall specify— 

(1) the manner of authorizing the military departments to 

offer transfer of entitlements under this section; 

(2) the eligibility criteria in accordance with subsection (b); 

(3) the manner and effect of an election to modify or revoke a transfer of entitlement under subsection (f)(2); and 

(4) the manner in which the provisions referred to in subsections (h)(4) and (5) shall be administered with respect to a 

dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–252, title V, Sec. 5006(b), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2381; amended Pub. L. 

111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(55), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372.) 

§ 16133. Time limitation for use of entitlement 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the period during 

which a person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter may use such person’s entitlement expires on the date the person is separated from the Selected Reserve. 

(b)(1) In the case of a person— 

(A) who is separated from the Selected Reserve because of 

a disability which was not the result of the individual’s own 

willful misconduct incurred on or after the date on which such 

person became entitled to educational assistance under this 

chapter; or 
§ 16134 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2402 

(B) who, on or after the date on which such person became 

entitled to educational assistance under this chapter ceases to 

be a member of the Selected Reserve during the period beginning on October 1, 1991, and ending on December 31, 2001, or 

the period beginning on October 1, 2007, and ending on September 30, 2014, by reason of the inactivation of the person’s 

unit of assignment or by reason of involuntarily ceasing to be 

designated as a member of the Selected Reserve pursuant to 

section 10143(a) of this title, 

the period for using entitlement prescribed by subsection (a) shall 

be determined without regard to clause (2) of such subsection. 

(2) The provisions of section 3031(f) of title 38 shall apply to 

the period of entitlement prescribed by subsection (a). 

(3) The provisions of section 3031(d) of title 38 shall apply to 

the period of entitlement prescribed by subsection (a) in the case 

of a disability incurred in or aggravated by service in the Selected 

Reserve. 

(4) In the case of a member of the Selected Reserve of the 

Ready Reserve who serves on active duty pursuant to an order to 

active duty issued under section 12301(a), 12301(d), 12301(g), 

12302, or 12304 of this title— 

(A) the period of such active duty service plus four months 

shall not be considered in determining the expiration date applicable to such member under subsection (a); and 

(B) the member may not be considered to have been separated from the Selected Reserve for the purposes of clause (2) 

of such subsection by reason of the commencement of such active duty service. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, Sec. 402(a), July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 329, Sec. 2133; amended Pub. 

L. 96–107, title IV, Sec. 402(b), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, Sec. 511(70), 

Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 

2566; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(g)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2058; Pub. 

L. 100–689, title I, Sec. 111(b)(5), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4173; Pub. L. 102–127, Sec. 3, Oct. 

10, 1991, 105 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, Sec. 4419(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 

Stat. 2717; Pub. L. 102–568, title III, Sec. 320(a)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4335; Pub. L. 103– 

160, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(m), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1668; renumbered Sec. 16133 and 

amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(b)(2), (5), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006, 

3007; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, Sec. 553(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1748; Pub. L. 105– 

261, div. A, title V, Sec. 561(q), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], 

title V, Sec. 571(p)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–135; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title 

VI, Sec. 641(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2576; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 529, Jan. 

28, 2008, 122 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 110–252, title V, Sec. 5006(d), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2386.) 

§ 16134. Termination of assistance 

Educational assistance may not be provided under this chapter— 

(1) to a member receiving financial assistance under section 2107 of this title as a member of the Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program; or 

(2) to a member who fails to participate satisfactorily in required training as a member of the Selected Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, Sec. 402(a), July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 330, Sec. 2134; amended Pub. 

L. 98–94, title XII, Sec. 1268(14), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 

705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2566; renumbered Sec. 16134, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1663(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006.) 
2403 § 16136 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE

§ 16135. Failure to participate satisfactorily; penalties 

(a) PENALTIES.—At the option of the Secretary concerned, a 

member of the Selected Reserve of an armed force who does not 

participate satisfactorily in required training as a member of the 

Selected Reserve during a term of enlistment or other period of obligated service that created entitlement of the member to educational assistance under this chapter, and during which the member has received such assistance, may— 

(1) be ordered to active duty for a period of two years or 

the period of obligated service the person has remaining under 

section 16132 of this title, whichever is less; or 

(2) be subject to the repayment provisions under section 

303a(e) of title 37. 

(b) EFFECT OF REPAYMENT.—Any repayment under section 

303a(e) of title 37 shall not affect the period of obligation of a member to serve as a Reserve in the Selected Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, Sec. 402(a), July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 330, Sec. 2135; amended Pub. 

L. 95–485, title IV, Sec. 402(b), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1613; Pub. L. 96–342, title IX, Sec. 906(b), 

Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 

2566; Pub. L. 100–689, title I, Sec. 111(b)(6), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4173; renumbered Sec. 

16135 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(b)(2), (6), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 

Stat. 3006, 3007: Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(35), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 

498; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, Sec. 642, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2577; Pub. L. 109–163, 

div. A, title VI, Sec. 687(c)(12), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3335.) 

§ 16136. Administration of program 

(a) Educational assistance under this chapter shall be provided 

through the Department of Veterans Affairs, under agreements to 

be entered into by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary 

of Homeland Security, with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Such 

agreements shall include administrative procedures to ensure the 

prompt and timely transfer of funds from the Secretary concerned 

to the Department of Veterans Affairs for the making of payments 

under this chapter. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the provisions 

of sections 3470, 3471, 3474, 3476, 3482(g), 3483, and 3485 of title 

38 and the provisions of subchapters I and II of chapter 36 of such 

title (with the exception of sections 3686(a), 3687, and 3692) shall 

be applicable to the provision of educational assistance under this 

chapter. The term ‘‘eligible veteran’’ and the term ‘‘a person’’, as 

used in those provisions, shall be deemed for the purpose of the application of those provisions to this chapter to refer to a person eligible for educational assistance under this chapter. 

(c) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may approve the pursuit 

of flight training (in addition to a course of flight training that may 

be approved under section 3680A(b) of title 38) by an individual entitled to educational assistance under this chapter if— 

(1) such training is generally accepted as necessary for the 

attainment of a recognized vocational objective in the field of 

aviation; 

(2) the individual possesses a valid private pilot certificate 

and meets, on the day the individual begins a course of flight 

training, the medical requirements necessary for a commercial 

pilot certificate; and 
§ 16137 CH. 1606—ED. ASSISTANCE FOR SELECTED RESERVE 2404 

(3) the flight school courses meet Federal Aviation Administration standards for such courses and are approved by the 

Federal Aviation Administration and the State approving agency. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2567, Sec. 2136; amended 

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, Sec. 642(c), 645(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1457, 1458; Pub. 

L. 101–237, title IV, Sec. 405(d)(3), 422(b)(1), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2081, 2089; Pub. L. 101– 

510, div. A, title XIV, Sec. 1484(j)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1718; Pub. L. 102–16, Sec. 10(b), 

Mar. 22, 1991, 105 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 102–568, title III, Sec. 313(a)(6), 319, 320(a)(3), Oct. 29, 

1992, 106 Stat. 4333, 4335, 4336; renumbered Sec. 16136, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1663(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006; Pub. L. 103–446, title VI, Sec. 601(c), Nov. 2, 1994, 

108 Stat. 4670; Pub. L. 105–368, title II, Sec. 204(b), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3327; Pub. L. 

107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 16137. Biennial report to Congress 

The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report not 

later than March 1 of each odd-numbered year concerning the operation of the educational assistance program established by this 

chapter during the preceding two fiscal years. Each such report 

shall include the number of members of the Selected Reserve of the 

Ready Reserve of each armed force receiving, and the number entitled to receive, educational assistance under this chapter during 

those fiscal years. The Secretary may submit the report more frequently and adjust the period covered by the report accordingly. 

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, Sec. 705(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2567, Sec. 2137; renumbered Sec. 16137, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3006; 

amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1077, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 106– 

65, div. A, title V, Sec. 548(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 609.) 
2405 

CHAPTER 1607—EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR RESERVE COMPONENT MEMBERS SUPPORTING CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS AND CERTAIN OTHER OPERATIONS 

Sec. 

16161. Purpose. 

16162a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance. 

16162. Educational assistance program. 

16163. Eligibility for educational assistance. 

16163a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members. 

16164. Time limitation for use of entitlement. 

16165. Termination of assistance. 

16166. Administration of program. 

§ 16161. Purpose 

The purpose of this chapter is to provide educational assistance 

to members of the reserve components called or ordered to active 

service in response to a war or national emergency declared by the 

President or the Congress, in recognition of the sacrifices that 

those members make in answering the call to duty. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1890.) 

§ 16162. Educational assistance program 

(a) PROGRAM ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of each military 

department, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 

Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, 

shall establish and maintain a program as prescribed in this chapter to provide educational assistance to members of the Ready Reserve of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary 

concerned. 

(b) AUTHORIZED EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—Educational assistance may be provided under this chapter for pursuit of any program of education that is an approved program of education for 

purposes of chapter 30 of title 38. 

(c) BENEFIT AMOUNT.—(1) The educational assistance program 

established under subsection (a) shall provide for payment by the 

Secretary concerned, through the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, an 

educational assistance allowance to each member entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is pursuing a program 

of education authorized under subsection (b). 

(2) The educational assistance allowance provided under this 

chapter shall be based on the applicable percent under paragraph 

(4) to the applicable rate provided under section 3015 of title 38 for 

a member whose entitlement is based on completion of an obligated 

period of active duty of three years. 

(3) The educational assistance allowance provided under this 

section for a person who is undertaking a program for which a re-
§ 16162 CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC. 2406 

duced rate is specified in chapter 30 of title 38, that rate shall be 

further adjusted by the applicable percent specified in paragraph 

(4). 

(4) The adjusted educational assistance allowance under paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable, shall be— 

(A) 40 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for 90 consecutive days but 

less than one continuous year; 

(B) 60 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for one continuous year but 

less than two continuous years; or 

(C) 80 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for— 

(i) two continuous years or more; or 

(ii) an aggregate of three years or more. 

(d) MAXIMUM MONTHS OF ASSISTANCE.—(1) Subject to section 

3695 of title 38, the maximum number of months of educational assistance that may be provided to any member under this chapter 

is 36 (or the equivalent thereof in part-time educational assistance). 

(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or 

chapter 36 of title 38, any payment of an educational assistance allowance described in subparagraph (B) shall not— 

(i) be charged against the entitlement of any individual 

under this chapter; or 

(ii) be counted toward the aggregate period for which section 3695 of title 38 limits an individual’s receipt of assistance. 

(B) The payment of the educational assistance allowance referred to in subparagraph (A) is the payment of such an allowance 

to the individual for pursuit of a course or courses under this chapter if the Secretary of Veterans Affairs finds that the individual— 

(i) had to discontinue such course pursuit as a result of 

being ordered to serve on active duty under section 12301(a), 

12301(d), 12301(g), 12302, or 12304 of this title; and 

(ii) failed to receive credit or training time toward completion of the individual’s approved educational, professional, or 

vocational objective as a result of having to discontinue, as described in clause (i), the individual’s course pursuit. 

(C) The period for which, by reason of this subsection, an educational assistance allowance is not charged against entitlement or 

counted toward the applicable aggregate period under section 3695 

of title 38 shall not exceed the portion of the period of enrollment 

in the course or courses for which the individual failed to receive 

credit or with respect to which the individual lost training time, as 

determined under subparagraph (B)(ii). 

(e) AVAILABILITY OF ASSISTANCE FOR LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION TESTS.—The provisions of section 16131(j) of this title shall 

apply to the provision of educational assistance under this chapter, 

except that, in applying such section under this chapter, the reference to subsection (b) in paragraph (2) of such section is deemed 

to be a reference to subsection (c) of this section. 

(f) CONTRIBUTIONS FOR INCREASED AMOUNT OF EDUCATIONAL

ASSISTANCE.—(1)(A) Any individual eligible for educational assistance under this section may contribute amounts for purposes of re-
2407 § 16162a CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC.

ceiving an increased amount of educational assistance as provided 

for in paragraph (2). 

(B) An individual covered by subparagraph (A) may make the 

contributions authorized by that subparagraph at any time while 

a member of a reserve component, but not more frequently than 

monthly. 

(C) The total amount of the contributions made by an individual under subparagraph (A) may not exceed $600. Such contributions shall be made in multiples of $20. 

(D) Contributions under this subsection shall be made to the 

Secretary concerned. Such Secretary shall deposit any amounts received as contributions under this subsection into the Treasury as 

miscellaneous receipts. 

(2) Effective as of the first day of the enrollment period following the enrollment period in which an individual makes contributions under paragraph (1), the monthly amount of educational 

assistance allowance applicable to such individual under this section shall be the monthly rate otherwise provided for under subsection (c) increased by— 

(A) an amount equal to $5 for each $20 contributed by 

such individual under paragraph (1) for an approved program 

of education pursued on a full-time basis; or 

(B) an appropriately reduced amount based on the amount 

so contributed as determined under regulations that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe, for an approved program of education pursued on less than a full-time basis. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1890; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 539(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3250; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 528(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 109.) 

§ 16162a. Accelerated payment of educational assistance 

(a) PAYMENT ON ACCELERATED BASIS.—The educational assistance allowance payable under section 16162 of this title with respect to an eligible member described in subsection (b) may, upon 

the election of such eligible member, be paid on an accelerated 

basis in accordance with this section. 

(b) ELIGIBLE MEMBERS.—An eligible member described in this 

subsection is a member of a reserve component entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is— 

(1) enrolled in an approved program of education not exceeding two years in duration and not leading to an associate, 

bachelors, masters, or other degree, subject to subsection (g); 

and 

(2) charged tuition and fees for the program of education 

that, when divided by the number of months (and fractions 

thereof) in the enrollment period, exceeds the amount equal to 

200 percent of the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the member under 

section 16162 of this title. 

(c) AMOUNT OF ACCELERATED PAYMENT.—(1) The amount of the 

accelerated payment of educational assistance payable with respect 

to an eligible member making an election under subsection (a) for 

a program of education shall be the lesser of— 
§ 16162a CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC. 2408 

(A) the amount equal to 60 percent of the established 

charges for the program of education; or 

(B) the aggregate amount of educational assistance allowance to which the member remains entitled under this chapter 

at the time of the payment. 

(2)(A) In this subsection, except as provided in subparagraph 

(B), the term ‘‘established charges’’, in the case of a program of 

education, means the actual charges (as determined pursuant to 

regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) for tuition and fees which similarly circumstanced individuals who are 

not eligible for benefits under this chapter and who are enrolled in 

the program of education would be required to pay. Established 

charges shall be determined on the following basis: 

(i) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of 

education offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the term, quarter, or 

semester. 

(ii) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of 

education not offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the 

tuition and fees charged the individual for the entire program 

of education. 

(B) In this subsection, the term ‘‘established charges’’ does not 

include any fees or payments attributable to the purchase of a vehicle. 

(3) The educational institution providing the program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance 

allowance is elected by an eligible member under subsection (a) 

shall certify to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs the amount of the 

established charges for the program of education. 

(d) TIME OF PAYMENT.—An accelerated payment of educational 

assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible member 

under this section for a program of education shall be made not 

later than the last day of the month immediately following the 

month in which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs receives a certification from the educational institution regarding— 

(1) the member’s enrollment in and pursuit of the program 

of education; and 

(2) the amount of the established charges for the program 

of education. 

(e) CHARGE AGAINST ENTITLEMENT.—(1) Except as provided in 

paragraph (2), for each accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible member under this 

section, the member’s entitlement to educational assistance under 

this chapter shall be charged the number of months (and any fraction thereof) determined by dividing the amount of the accelerated 

payment by the full-time monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the member under section 16162 of this title as of the beginning date of the enrollment 

period for the program of education for which the accelerated payment is made. 

(2) If the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to an eligible member under section 

16162 of this title increases during the enrollment period of a program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational 
2409 § 16163 CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC.

assistance allowance is made under this section, the charge to the 

member’s entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter 

shall be determined by prorating the entitlement chargeable, in the 

manner provided for under paragraph (1), for the periods covered 

by the initial rate and increased rate, respectively, in accordance 

with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 

(f) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. The regulations shall 

include requirements, conditions, and methods for the request, 

issuance, delivery, certification of receipt and use, and recovery of 

overpayment of an accelerated payment of educational assistance 

allowance under this section. The regulations may include such elements of the regulations prescribed under section 3014A of title 38 

as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs considers appropriate for purposes of this section. 

(g) LIMITATION.—The aggregate amount of educational assistance payable under this section in any fiscal year for enrollments 

covered by subsection (b)(1) may not exceed $3,000,000. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 528(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 107.) 

§ 16163. Eligibility for educational assistance 

(a) ELIGIBILITY.—On or after September 11, 2001, a member of 

a reserve component is entitled to educational assistance under 

this chapter if the member— 

(1) served on active duty in support of a contingency operation for 90 consecutive days or more; or 

(2) in the case of a member of the Army National Guard 

of the United States or Air National Guard of the United 

States, performed full time National Guard duty under section 

502(f) of title 32 for 90 consecutive days or more when authorized by the President or Secretary of Defense for the purpose 

of responding to a national emergency declared by the President and supported by Federal funds. 

(b) DISABLED MEMBERS.—Notwithstanding the eligibility requirements in subsection (a), a member who was ordered to active 

service as prescribed under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) but is released from duty before completing 90 consecutive days because of 

an injury, illness or disease incurred or aggravated in the line of 

duty shall be entitled to educational assistance under this chapter 

at the rate prescribed in section 16162(c)(4)(A) of this title. 

(c) WRITTEN NOTIFICATION.—(1) Each member who becomes 

entitled to educational assistance under subsection (a) shall be 

given a statement in writing prior to release from active service 

that summarizes the provisions of this chapter and stating clearly 

and prominently the substance of section 16165 of this title as such 

section may apply to the member. 

(2) At the request of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary concerned shall transmit a notice of entitlement for each 

such member to that Secretary. 

(d) BAR FROM DUAL ELIGIBILITY.—A member who qualifies for 

educational assistance under this chapter may not receive credit for 

such service under both the program established by chapter 30 of 

title 38 and the program established by this chapter but shall 

make an irrevocable election (in such form and manner as the Sec-
§ 16163a CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC. 2410 

retary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) as to the program to 

which such service is to be credited. 

(e) BAR FROM DUPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE ALLOWANCE.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an individual entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is also eligible for educational assistance under chapter 1606 of this 

title, chapter 30, 31, 32, 33, or 35 of title 38, or under the Hostage Relief Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–449; 5 U.S.C. 5561 

note) may not receive assistance under more than one such 

program and shall elect (in such form and manner as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) under which program 

the member elects to receive educational assistance. 

(2) The restriction on duplication of educational assistance 

under paragraph (1) does not apply to the entitlement of educational assistance under section 16131(i) of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1892; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 540(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3251; Pub. L. 110–252, title V, 

Sec. 5003(b)(1)(C), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2375; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, Sec. 

1073(a)(36), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474.) 

§ 16163a. Authority to transfer unused education benefits to 

family members 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the provisions of this section, the 

Secretary concerned may permit, at such Secretary’s sole discretion, a member described in subsection (b) who is entitled to basic 

educational assistance under this chapter to elect to transfer to one 

or more of the dependents specified in subsection (c) a portion of 

such member’s entitlement to such assistance, subject to the limitation under subsection (d). 

(b) ELIGIBLE MEMBERS.—A member referred to in subsection 

(a) is a member of the armed forces who, at the time of the approval of the member’s request to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section, has completed at least— 

(1) six years of service in the armed forces and enters into 

an agreement to serve at least four more years as a member 

of the armed forces; or 

(2) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j). 

(c) ELIGIBLE DEPENDENTS.—A member approved to transfer an 

entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may 

transfer the member’s entitlement as follows: 

(1) To the member’s spouse. 

(2) To one or more of the member’s children. 

(3) To a combination of the individuals referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2). 

(d) LIMITATION ON MONTHS OF TRANSFER.—The total number 

of months of entitlement transferred by a member under this section may not exceed 36 months. The Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations that would limit the months of entitlement that 

may be transferred under this section to no less than 18 months. 

(e) DESIGNATION OF TRANSFEREE.—A member transferring an 

entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section 

shall— 
2411 § 16163a CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC.

(1) designate the dependent or dependents to whom such 

entitlement is being transferred; 

(2) designate the number of months of such entitlement to 

be transferred to each such dependent; and 

(3) specify the period for which the transfer shall be effective for each dependent designated under paragraph (1). 

(f) TIME FOR TRANSFER; REVOCATION AND MODIFICATION.—(1) 

Subject to the time limitation for use of entitlement under section 

16164, a member approved to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer such entitlement only while serving as a member of the armed forces when the 

transfer is executed. 

(2) A member transferring entitlement under this section may 

modify or revoke at any time the transfer of any unused portion 

of the entitlement so transferred. The modification or revocation of 

the transfer of entitlement under this paragraph shall be made by 

the submittal of written notice of the action to both the Secretary 

concerned and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 

(3) Entitlement transferred under this section may not be 

treated as marital property, or the asset of a marital estate, subject 

to division in a divorce or other civil proceeding. 

(g) COMMENCEMENT OF USE.—A dependent to whom entitlement to basic educational assistance is transferred under this section may not commence the use of the transferred entitlement 

until— 

(1) in the case of entitlement transferred to a spouse, the 

completion by the member making the transfer of at least— 

(A) six years of service in the armed forces; or 

(B) the years of service as determined in regulations 

pursuant to subsection (j); or 

(2) in the case of entitlement transferred to a child, both— 

(A) the completion by the member making the transfer 

of at least— 

(i) ten years of service in the armed forces; or 

(ii) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); and 

(B) either— 

(i) the completion by the child of the requirements 

of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate); or 

(ii) the attainment by the child of 18 years of age. 

(h) ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.—(1) The use of any 

entitlement to basic educational assistance transferred under this 

section shall be charged against the entitlement of the member 

making the transfer at the rate of one month for each month of 

transferred entitlement that is used. 

(2) Except as provided under subsection (e)(2) and subject to 

paragraphs (5) and (6), a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section is entitled to basic educational assistance 

under this chapter in the same manner as the member from whom 

the entitlement was transferred. 

(3) The monthly rate of educational assistance payable to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section 
§ 16163a CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC. 2412 

shall be the monthly amount payable under sections 16162 and 

16162a to the member making the transfer. 

(4) The death of a member transferring an entitlement under 

this section shall not affect the use of the entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred. 

(5) Notwithstanding section 16164(a)(2), a child to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may use the benefit without regard to the 10-year delimiting date, but may not use any entitlement so transferred after attaining the age of 26 years. 

(6) The administrative provisions of this chapter shall apply to 

the use of entitlement transferred under this section, except that 

the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred shall be 

treated as the eligible member for purposes of such provisions. 

(7) The purposes for which a dependent to whom entitlement 

is transferred under this section may use such entitlement shall include the pursuit and completion of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate). 

(i) OVERPAYMENT.— 

(1) JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY.—In the event of an overpayment of basic educational assistance with respect to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section, 

the dependent and the member making the transfer shall be 

jointly and severally liable to the United States for the amount 

of the overpayment for purposes of section 3685 of title 38. 

(2) FAILURE TO COMPLETE SERVICE AGREEMENT.—Except as 

provided in paragraph (3), if an individual transferring entitlement under this section fails to complete the service agreed to 

by the individual under subsection (b)(1) in accordance with 

the terms of the agreement of the individual under that subsection, the amount of any transferred entitlement under this 

section that is used by a dependent of the individual as of the 

date of such failure shall be treated as an overpayment of educational assistance under paragraph (1). 

(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of an individual who fails to complete service agreed to by the individual— 

(A) by reason of the death of the individual; or 

(B) for a reason referred to in section 16133(b). 

(j) REGULATIONS.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, in coordination 

with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall prescribe regulations 

for purposes of this section. 

(2) Such regulations shall specify— 

(A) the manner of authorizing the transfer of entitlements 

under this section; 

(B) the eligibility criteria in accordance with subsection (b); 

and 

(C) the manner and effect of an election to modify or revoke a transfer of entitlement under subsection (f)(2). 

(k) SECRETARY CONCERNED DEFINED.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘Secretary concerned’’ has the meaning given in section 101(a)(9) in the case of a member of the armed forces. 

(Added Pub. L. 110–252, title V, Sec. 5006(c), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2383; amended Pub. L. 

111–383, div. A, title X, Sec. 1075(b)(56), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372.) 
2413 § 16165 CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC.

§ 16164. Time limitation for use of entitlement 

(a) DURATION OF ENTITLEMENT.—Except as provided in subsection (b), a member remains entitled to educational assistance 

under this chapter— 

(1) while the member is serving— 

(A) in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve, in 

the case of a member called or ordered to active service 

while serving in the Selected Reserve; or 

(B) in the Ready Reserve, in the case of a member ordered to active duty while serving in the Ready Reserve 

(other than the Selected Reserve); and 

(2) in the case of a person who separates from the Selected 

Reserve of the Ready Reserve after completion of a period of 

active service described in section 16163 of this title and completion of a service contract under honorable conditions, during 

the 10-year period beginning on the date on which the person 

separates from the Selected Reserve. 

(b) DURATION OF ENTITLEMENT FOR DISABLED MEMBERS.—(1) 

In the case of a person who is separated from the Ready Reserve 

because of a disability which was not the result of the individual’s 

own willful misconduct incurred on or after the date on which such 

person became entitled to educational assistance under this chapter, such person’s entitlement to educational assistance expires at 

the end of the 10-year period beginning on the date on which such 

person became entitled to such assistance. 

(2) The provisions of subsections (d) and (f) of section 3031 of 

title 38 shall apply to the period of entitlement prescribed by paragraph (1). 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1892; amended Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. A, title V, Sec. 530(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. 

A], title V, Sec. 546(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4466.) 

§ 16165. Termination of assistance 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection (b), educational assistance may not be provided under this chapter, or if 

being provided under this chapter, shall be terminated— 

(1) if the member is receiving financial assistance under 

section 2107 of this title as a member of the Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program; or 

(2) when the member separates from the Ready Reserve as 

provided in section 16164(a)(1) of this title, or upon completion 

of the period provided for in section 16164(a)(2) of this title, as 

applicable. 

(b) EXCEPTION.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of Defense, educational assistance may be provided under this 

chapter to a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve 

who incurs a break in service in the Selected Reserve if the member continues to serve in the Ready Reserve during and after such 

break in service. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1893; amended Pub. 

L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 540(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3251; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, 

title V, Sec. 530(a)(2), (b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 110.) 
§ 16166 CH. 1607—ED. ASSTNCE / RC MMBRS IN CNTNGNCY OPS, ETC. 2414 

§ 16166. Administration of program 

(a) ADMINISTRATION.—Educational assistance under this chapter shall be provided through the Department of Veterans Affairs, 

under agreements to be entered into by the Secretary of Defense, 

and by the Secretary of Homeland Security, with the Secretary of 

Veterans Affairs. Such agreements shall include administrative 

procedures to ensure the prompt and timely transfer of funds from 

the Secretary concerned to the Department of Veterans Affairs for 

the making of payments under this chapter. 

(b) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.—Except as otherwise provided in 

this chapter, the provisions of sections 503, 511, 3470, 3471, 3474, 

3476, 3482(g), 3483, and 3485 of title 38 and the provisions of subchapters I and II of chapter 36 of such title (with the exception of 

sections 3686(a), 3687, and 3692) shall be applicable to the provision of educational assistance under this chapter. The term ‘‘eligible veteran’’ and the term ‘‘person’’, as used in those provisions, 

shall be deemed for the purpose of the application of those provisions to this chapter to refer to a person eligible for educational assistance under this chapter. 

(c) FLIGHT TRAINING.—The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may 

approve the pursuit of flight training (in addition to a course of 

flight training that may be approved under section 3680A(b) of title 

38) by an individual entitled to educational assistance under this 

chapter if— 

(1) such training is generally accepted as necessary for the 

attainment of a recognized vocational objective in the field of 

aviation; 

(2) the individual possesses a valid private pilot certificate 

and meets, on the day the member begins a course of flight 

training, the medical requirements necessary for a commercial 

pilot certificate; and 

(3) the flight school courses meet Federal Aviation Administration standards for such courses and are approved by the 

Federal Aviation Administration and the State approving agency. 

(d) TRUST FUND.—Amounts for payments for benefits under 

this chapter shall be derived from the Department of Defense Education Benefits Fund under section 2006 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 527(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1893.) 
2415 

CHAPTER 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND 

PROGRAM 

Sec. 

16201. Financial assistance: health-care professionals in reserve components. 

16202. Reserve service: required active duty for training. 

16203. Penalties and limitations. 

16204. Regulations. 

§ 16201. Financial assistance: health-care professionals in 

reserve components 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—For the purpose of obtaining adequate numbers of commissioned officers in the reserve components who are qualified in health professions, the Secretary of 

each military department may establish and maintain a program 

to provide financial assistance under this chapter to persons engaged in training that leads to a degree in medicine or dentistry 

or training in a health professions specialty that is critically needed 

in wartime. Under such a program, the Secretary concerned may 

agree to pay a financial stipend to persons engaged in health care 

education and training in return for a commitment to subsequent 

service in the Ready Reserve. 

(b) MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCHOOL STUDENTS.—(1) Under the 

stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military 

department concerned may enter into an agreement with a person 

who— 

(A) is eligible to be appointed as an officer in a reserve 

component; 

(B) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in an 

institution in a course of study that results in a degree in medicine or dentistry; 

(C) signs an agreement that, unless sooner separated, the 

person will— 

(i) complete the educational phase of the program; 

(ii) accept a reappointment or redesignation within the 

person’s reserve component, if tendered, based upon the 

person’s health profession, following satisfactory completion of the educational and intern programs; and 

(iii) participate in a residency program; and 

(D) if required by regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

of Defense, agrees to apply for, if eligible, and accept, if offered, 

residency training in a health profession skill which has been 

designated by the Secretary of Defense as a critically needed 

wartime skill. 

(2) Under the agreement— 

(A) the Secretary of the military department concerned 

shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in the amount determined under subsection (f), for the period or the remainder 

of the period that the student is satisfactorily progressing to-
§ 16201 CH. 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM 2416 

ward a degree in medicine or dentistry while enrolled in an accredited medical or dental school; 

(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before appointment, designation, or assignment as an officer for service in the Ready Reserve; 

(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active 

duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law 

for members of the Ready Reserve; and 

(D) the participant shall agree to serve in the Selected Reserve, upon successful completion of the program, for the period of service applicable under paragraph (3). 

(3)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the period for which a participant is required to serve in the Selected Reserve under the 

agreement pursuant to paragraph (2)(D) shall be one year for each 

period of six months, or part thereof, for which the participant is 

provided a stipend pursuant to the agreement. 

(B) In the case of a participant who enters into a subsequent 

agreement under subsection (c) and successfully completes residency training in a specialty designated by the Secretary of Defense as a specialty critically needed by the military department in 

wartime, the requirement to serve in the Selected Reserve may be 

reduced to one year for each year, or part thereof, for which the 

stipend was provided while enrolled in medical or dental school. 

(c) PHYSICIANS AND DENTISTS IN CRITICAL WARTIME SPECIALTIES.—(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an 

agreement with a person who— 

(A) is a graduate of a medical school or dental school; 

(B) is eligible for appointment, designation, or assignment 

as a medical officer or dental officer in the Reserve of the 

armed force concerned or has been appointed as a medical or 

dental officer in the Reserve of the armed force concerned; and 

(C) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in a 

residency program for physicians or dentists in a medical or 

dental specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a 

specialty critically needed by that military department in wartime. 

(2) Under the agreement— 

(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in an amount determined under subsection (f), for the 

period or the remainder of the period of the residency program 

in which the participant enrolls or is enrolled; 

(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before appointment, designation, or assignment as a medical officer or dental officer for service in the Ready Reserve; 

(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active 

duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law 

for members of the Ready Reserve; and 

(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon successful 

completion of the program, one year in the Ready Reserve for 

each six months, or part thereof, for which the stipend is pro-
2417 § 16201 CH. 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM 

vided, to be served in the Selected Reserve or in the Individual 

Ready Reserve as specified in the agreement. 

(d) REGISTERED NURSES IN CRITICAL SPECIALTIES.—(1) Under 

the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an agreement with a 

person who— 

(A) is a registered nurse; 

(B) is eligible for appointment as— 

(i) a Reserve officer for service in the Army Reserve in 

the Army Nurse Corps; 

(ii) a Reserve officer for service in the Navy Reserve 

in the Navy Nurse Corps; or 

(iii) a Reserve officer for service in the Air Force Reserve with a view to designation as an Air Force nurse 

under section 8067(e) of this title; and 

(C) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in an 

accredited program in nursing in a specialty designated by the 

Secretary concerned as a specialty critically needed by that 

military department in wartime. 

(2) Under the agreement— 

(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in an amount determined under subsection (f), for the 

period or the remainder of the period of the nursing program 

in which the participant enrolls or is enrolled; 

(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before being appointed as a Reserve officer for service in 

the Ready Reserve— 

(i) in the Nurse Corps of the Army or Navy; or 

(ii) as an Air Force nurse of the Air Force; 

(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active 

duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law 

for members of the Ready Reserve; and 

(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon successful 

completion of the program, one year in the Ready Reserve for 

each six months, or part thereof, for which the stipend is provided, to be served in the Selected Reserve or in the Individual 

Ready Reserve as specified in the agreement. 

(e) BACCALAUREATE STUDENTS IN NURSING OR OTHER HEALTH

PROFESSIONS.—(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, 

the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into 

an agreement with a person who— 

(A) will, upon completion of the program, be eligible to be 

appointed, designated, or assigned as a Reserve officer for duty 

as a nurse or other health professional; and 

(B) is enrolled, or has been accepted for enrollment in the 

third or fourth year of— 

(i) an accredited baccalaureate nursing program; or 

(ii) any other accredited baccalaureate program leading to a degree in a health-care profession designated by 

the Secretary concerned as a profession critically needed 

by that military department in wartime. 

(2) Under the agreement— 
§ 16202 CH. 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM 2418 

(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a 

monthly stipend in an amount not to exceed the stipend rate 

in effect under section 2121(d) of this title for the period or the 

remainder of the period of the baccalaureate program in which 

the participant enrolls or is enrolled; 

(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before enlistment in the Ready Reserve; 

(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active 

duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law 

for members of the Ready Reserve; and 

(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon graduation 

from the baccalaureate program, one year in the Ready Reserve for each year, or part thereof, for which the stipend is 

paid. 

(f) AMOUNT OF STIPEND.—The amount of a stipend under an 

agreement under subsection (b) or (c) shall be— 

(1) the stipend rate in effect for participants in the Armed 

Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program under section 

2121(d) of this title, if the participant has agreed to serve in 

the Selected Reserve; or 

(2) one-half of that rate, if the participant has agreed to 

serve in the Individual Ready Reserve. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, Sec. 711(a)(3), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1108, Sec. 2128; 

renumbered Sec. 16201 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(c)(2), (5), Oct. 

5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3007, 3008; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, Sec. 736, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 

Stat. 383; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 539, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title V, Sec. 515(b)(1)(WW), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], 

title VI, Sec. 616(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4486; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(c)(3), 

Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474.) 

§ 16202. Reserve service: required active duty for training 

(a) SELECTED RESERVE.—A person who is required under an 

agreement under section 16201 of this title to serve in the Selected 

Reserve shall serve not less than 12 days of active duty for training 

each year during the period of service required by the agreement. 

(b) IRR SERVICE.—A person who is required under an agreement under section 16201 of this title to serve in the Individual 

Ready Reserve shall serve— 

(1) not less than 30 days of initial active duty for training; 

and 

(2) not less than five days of active duty for training each 

year during the period of service required by the agreement. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, Sec. 711(a)(3), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1111, Sec. 2129; 

renumbered Sec. 16202 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(c)(3), (6), Oct. 

5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3007, 3008.) 

§ 16203. Penalties and limitations 

(a) FAILURE TO COMPLETE PROGRAM OF TRAINING.—(1) A member of the program who, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, is dropped from the program for deficiency in 

training, or for other reasons, shall be required, at the discretion 

of the Secretary concerned— 

(A) to perform one year of active duty for each year (or 

part thereof) for which such person was provided financial assistance under this section; or 
2419 § 16204 CH. 1608—HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM 

(B) to comply with the repayment provisions of section 

303a(e) of title 37. 

(2) The Secretary of a military department, under regulations 

prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may relieve a member participating in the program who is dropped from the program from 

any requirement that may be imposed under paragraph (1), but 

such relief shall not relieve him from any military obligation imposed by any other law. 

(b) PROHIBITIONS OF DUPLICATE BENEFITS.—Financial assistance may not be provided under this section to a member receiving 

financial assistance under section 2107 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, Sec. 711(a)(3), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1111, Sec. 2130; 

renumbered Sec. 16203 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(c)(4), Oct. 

5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3008; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 687(c)(13), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 

3335.) 

§ 16204. Regulations 

This chapter shall be administered under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3007.) 
2420 

CHAPTER 1609—EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT 

PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

16301. Education loan repayment program: members of Selected Reserve. 

16302. Education loan repayment program: health professions officers serving in 

Selected Reserve with wartime critical medical skill shortages. 

16303. Loan repayment program: chaplains serving in the Selected Reserve. 

§ 16301. Education loan repayment program: members of Selected Reserve 

(a)(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of 

Defense may repay— 

(A) any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of 

title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 

et seq.); 

(B) any loan made under part D of such title (the William 

D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, 20 U.S.C. 1087a et 

seq.); 

(C) any loan made under part E of such title (20 U.S.C. 

1087aa et seq.); or 

(D) any loan incurred for educational purposes made by a 

lender that is— 

(i) an agency or instrumentality of a State; 

(ii) a financial or credit institution (including an insurance company) that is subject to examination and supervision by an agency of the United States or any State; 

(iii) a pension fund approved by the Secretary for purposes of this section; or 

(iv) a nonprofit private entity designated by a State, 

regulated by that State, and approved by the Secretary for 

purposes of this section. 

Repayment of any such loan shall be made on the basis of each 

complete year of service performed by the borrower. 

(2) The Secretary of Defense may repay loans described in 

paragraph (1) in the case of any person for service performed as a 

member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of an armed 

force in a reserve component and in an officer program or military 

specialty specified by the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary may 

repay such a loan only if the person to whom the loan was made 

performed such service after the loan was made. 

(b) The portion or amount of a loan that may be repaid under 

subsection (a) is 15 percent or $500, whichever is greater, for each 

year of service, plus the amount of any interest that may accrue 

during the current year. 

(c) If a portion of a loan is repaid under this section for any 

year, interest on the remainder of the loan shall accrue and be paid 

in the same manner as is otherwise required. For the purposes of 

this section, any interest that has accrued on the loan for periods 
2421 § 16302 CH. 1609—EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAMS 

before the current year shall be considered as within the total loan 

amount that shall be repaid. 

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize refunding any repayment of a loan. 

(e) A person who transfers from service making the person eligible for repayment of loans under this section (as described in subsection (a)(2)) to service making the person eligible for repayment 

of loans under section 2171 of this title (as described in subsection 

(a)(2) of that section) during a year shall be eligible to have repaid 

a portion of such loan determined by giving appropriate fractional 

credit for each portion of the year so served, in accordance with 

regulations of the Secretary concerned. 

(f) The Secretary of Defense shall, by regulation, prescribe a 

schedule for the allocation of funds made available to carry out the 

provisions of this section and section 2171 of this title during any 

year for which funds are not sufficient to pay the sum of the 

amounts eligible for repayment under subsection (a) and section 

2171(a) of this title. 

(g) The Secretary of Homeland Security may repay loans described in subsection (a)(1) and otherwise administer this section in 

the case of members of the Selected Reserve of the Coast Guard 

Reserve when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the 

Navy. 

(h) Except a person described in subsection (e) who transfers 

to service making the person eligible for repayment of loans under 

section 2171 of this title, a member of the armed forces who fails 

to complete the period of service required to qualify for loan repayment under this section shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37. 

(i) The Secretary of Defense may prescribe, by regulations, procedures for implementing this section, including standards for 

qualified loans and authorized payees and other terms and conditions for making loan repayments. Such regulations may include 

exceptions that would allow for the payment as a lump sum of any 

loan repayment due to a member under a written agreement that 

existed at the time of a member’s death or disability. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1663(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3008; Pub. 

L. 104–106, div. A, title X, Sec. 1079(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, 

title VI, Sec. 676, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 

25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, Sec. 534, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 

1474; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, Sec. 526, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1890; Pub. L. 110– 

181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 672(a)–(c)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 184, 185; Pub. L. 111–383, div. 

A, title V, Sec. 552(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4220.) 

§ 16302. Education loan repayment program: health professions officers serving in Selected Reserve with 

wartime critical medical skill shortages 

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense 

and subject to the other provisions of this section, the Secretary 

concerned may repay— 

(1) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of 

title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 

et seq.); 

(2) any loan made under part D of such title (the William 

D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, 20 U.S.C. 1087a et 

seq.); or 
§ 16302 CH. 1609—EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAMS 2422 

(3) a loan made under part E of such title (20 U.S.C. 

1087aa et seq.) after October 1, 1975; 

(4) a health professions education loan made or insured 

under part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 

U.S.C. 292 et seq.) or under part B of title VIII of such Act (42 

U.S.C. 297 et seq.); and 

(5) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed through a recognized financial or educational institution if that loan was used 

to finance education regarding a basic professional qualifying 

degree (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense) or graduate education in a health profession 

that the Secretary of Defense determines to be critically needed in order to meet identified wartime combat medical skill 

shortages. 

(b) The Secretary concerned may repay loans described in subsection (a) only in the case of a person who— 

(1) performs satisfactory service as an officer in the Selected Reserve of an armed force; and 

(2) possesses professional qualifications, or is enrolled in a 

program of education leading to professional qualifications, in 

a health profession that the Secretary of Defense has determined to be needed critically in order to meet identified wartime combat medical skill shortages. 

(c)(1) The amount of any repayment of a loan made under this 

section on behalf of any person shall be determined on the basis 

of each complete year of service that is described in subsection 

(b)(1) and performed by the person after the date on which the loan 

was made. 

(2) The annual maximum amount of a loan that may be repaid 

under this section shall be the same as the maximum amount in 

effect for the same year under subsection (e)(2) of section 2173 of 

this title for the education loan repayment program under such section. 

(d) The authority provided in this section shall apply only in 

the case of a person first appointed as a commissioned officer on 

or before December 31, 2011. 

(Added Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, Sec. 671(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 662, Sec. 2172; amended 

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, Sec. 713, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 101–189, div. 

A, title VII, Sec. 701(a)–(c), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1467; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, 

Sec. 612(f), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VI, Sec. 613(f), Nov. 

30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1681; renumbered Sec. 16302 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

VI, Sec. 613(e), title X, Sec. 1070(a)(9), title XVI, Sec. 1663(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2783, 

2855, 3009; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, Sec. 613(h), title X, Sec. 1079(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 

110 Stat. 360, 452; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, Sec. 613(g), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2544; 

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, Sec. 611(h), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1785; Pub. L. 105–261, 

div. A, title VI, Secs. 611(h), 654, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2039, 2052; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, 

title VI, Sec. 611(h), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 650; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title VI, Sec. 

621(h)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–151; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, Sec. 611(h), 

Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, Sec. 612(b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 

Stat. 2567; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, Sec. 612(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1501; Pub. 

L. 108–375, div. A, title VI, Secs. 612(b), 662, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1947, 1974; Pub. L. 109– 

163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 622(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3294; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title 

VI, Sec. 612(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2248; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, Sec. 612(b), Jan. 

28, 2008, 122 Stat. 148; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, Sec. 547, title VI, Sec. 612(b), Oct. 

14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4466, 4484; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, Sec. 612(a)(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 

123 Stat. 2353; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, Sec. 612(a)(2), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4236.) 
2423 § 16303 CH. 1609—EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAMS 

§ 16303. Loan repayment program: chaplains serving in the 

Selected Reserve 

(a) AUTHORITY TO REPAY EDUCATION LOANS.—For purposes of 

maintaining adequate numbers of chaplains in the Selected Reserve, the Secretary concerned may repay a loan that was obtained 

by a person who— 

(1) satisfies the requirements for accessioning and commissioning of chaplains, as prescribed in regulations; 

(2) holds, or is fully qualified for, an appointment as a 

chaplain in a reserve component of an armed force; and 

(3) signs a written agreement with the Secretary concerned to serve not less than three years in the Selected Reserve. 

(b) EXCEPTION FOR CHAPLAIN CANDIDATE PROGRAM.—A person 

accessioned into the Chaplain Candidate Program is not eligible for 

the repayment of a loan under subsection (a). 

(c) LOAN REPAYMENT PROCESS; MAXIMUM AMOUNT.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the repayment of a loan under subsection (a) 

may consist of the payment of the principal, interest, and related 

expenses of the loan. 

(2) The amount of any repayment of a loan made under subsection (a) on behalf of a person may not exceed $20,000 for each 

three year period of obligated service that the person agrees to 

serve in an agreement described in subsection (a)(3). Of such 

amount, not more than an amount equal to 50 percent of such 

amount may be paid before the completion by the person of the 

first year of obligated service pursuant to the agreement. The balance of such amount shall be payable at such time or times as are 

prescribed in regulations. 

(d) EFFECT OF FAILURE TO COMPLETE OBLIGATION.—A person 

on whose behalf a loan is repaid under subsection (a) who fails to 

commence or complete the period of obligated service specified in 

the agreement described in subsection (a)(3) shall be subject to the 

repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37. 

(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

regulations to carry out this section. 

(Added and amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Secs. 684(a), 687(c)(14), Jan. 6, 2006, 

119 Stat. 3324, 3335.) 
2424 

CHAPTER 1611—OTHER EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE 

PROGRAMS 

Sec. 

16401. Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class: college tuition assistance program. 

§ 16401. Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class: college tuition 

assistance program 

(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Navy may provide financial assistance to an eligible member of the Marine Corps Reserve 

for expenses of the member while the member is pursuing on a 

full-time basis at an institution of higher education a program of 

education approved by the Secretary that leads to— 

(1) a baccalaureate degree in less than five academic years; 

or 

(2) a doctor of jurisprudence or bachelor of laws degree in 

not more than four academic years. 

(b) ELIGIBILITY.—(1) To be eligible for financial assistance 

under this section, a member of the Marine Corps Reserve must— 

(A) be a member of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders 

Class program and have successfully completed one six-week 

(or longer) increment of military training required under that 

program; 

(B) be enrolled on a full-time basis in a program of education referred to in subsection (a) at any institution of higher 

education; and 

(C) enter into a written agreement with the Secretary described in paragraph (2). 

(2) A written agreement referred to in paragraph (1)(C) is an 

agreement between the member and the Secretary in which the 

member agrees— 

(A) to accept an appointment as a commissioned officer in 

the Marine Corps, if tendered by the President; 

(B) to serve on active duty for at least five years; and 

(C) under such terms and conditions as shall be prescribed 

by the Secretary, to serve in the Marine Corps Reserve until 

the eighth anniversary of the date of the appointment. 

(c) COVERED EXPENSES.—Expenses for which financial assistance may be provided under this section are— 

(1) tuition and fees charged by the institution of higher 

education involved; 

(2) the cost of books; and 

(3) in the case of a program of education leading to a baccalaureate degree, laboratory expenses. 

(d) AMOUNT.—The amount of financial assistance provided to 

a member under this section shall be prescribed by the Secretary, 

but may not exceed $5,200 for any academic year. 
2425 § 16401 CH. 1611—OTHER EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

(e) LIMITATIONS.—(1) Financial assistance may be provided to 

a member under this section only for three consecutive academic 

years. 

(2) Not more than 1,200 members may participate in the financial assistance program under this section in any academic year. 

(f) FAILURE TO COMPLETE PROGRAM.—(1) An enlisted member 

who receives financial assistance under this section may be ordered 

to active duty in the Marine Corps by the Secretary to serve in an 

appropriate enlisted grade for such period as the Secretary prescribes, but not for more than four years, and an officer who receives financial assistance under this section shall be subject to the 

repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37, if the member— 

(A) completes the military and academic requirements of 

the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program and refuses 

to accept an appointment as a commissioned officer in the Marine Corps when offered or, if already a commissioned officer 

in the Marine Corps, refuses to accept an assignment on active 

duty when offered; 

(B) fails to complete the military or academic requirements 

of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program; or 

(C) is disenrolled from the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders 

Class program for failure to maintain eligibility for an original 

appointment as a commissioned officer under section 532 of 

this title. 

(2) Any requirement to repay any portion of financial assistance received under this section shall be administered under the 

regulations issued under section 303a(e) of title 37. The Secretary 

of the Navy may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) in the 

case of a person who— 

(A) becomes unqualified to serve on active duty as an officer due to a circumstance not within the control of the person; 

(B) is not physically qualified for appointment under section 532 of this title and later is determined by the Secretary 

of the Navy under section 505 of this title to be unqualified for 

service as an enlisted member of the Marine Corps due to a 

physical or medical condition that was not the result of misconduct or grossly negligent conduct; or 

(C) fails to complete the military or academic requirements 

of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program due to a 

circumstance not within the control of the person. 

(g) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the meaning 

given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 

(20 U.S.C. 1001). 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 551(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 612; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title V, Sec. 533(a)–(d), (f)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

110, 1654A–111; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, Sec. 687(c)(15), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3336.) 

2427 

PART V—SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND 

PROCUREMENT 

Chap. Sec. 

1801. Issue of Serviceable Material to Reserve Components. 

[No present sections] 

1803. Facilities for Reserve Components ................................ 18231 

1805. Miscellaneous Provisions ................................................ 18501 

2429 

CHAPTER 1801—ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO 

RESERVE COMPONENTS 

[No present sections] 

CHAPTER 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE 

COMPONENTS 

Sec. 

18231. Purpose. 

18232. Definitions. 

18233. Acquisition. 

18233a. Notice and wait requirements for certain projects. 

18233b. Authority to carry out small projects with operation and maintenance 

funds. 

18234. Location and use. 

18235. Administration; other use permitted by Secretary. 

18236. Contributions to States; other use permitted by States. 

18237. Supervision of construction: compliance with State law. 

18238. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of United 

States: limitation on relocation of units. 

18239. Waiver of certain restrictions. 

18240. Acquisition of facilities by exchange. 

§ 18231. Purpose 

The purpose of this chapter is to provide for— 

(1) the acquisition, by purchase, lease, transfer, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion of facilities necessary for the proper development, training, operation, and 

maintenance of the reserve components of the armed forces, including troop housing and messing facilities; 

(2) the joint use of those facilities by units of two or more 

of those reserve components, to the greatest practicable extent 

for efficiency and economy; 

(3) the use of those facilities, in time of war or national 

emergency, by those units and other units of the armed forces, 

to the greatest practicable extent for efficiency and economy; 

and 

(4) any other use of those facilities by the United States, 

in time of war or national emergency, to the greatest practicable extent for efficiency and economy. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 120, Sec. 2231; Pub. L. 85–215, Sec. 1, Aug. 29, 1957, 71 

Stat. 489; renumbered Sec. 18231, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), Oct. 5, 

1994, 108 Stat. 3010.) 

§ 18232. Definitions 

In this chapter: 

(1) The term ‘‘State’’ means any of the States of the United 

States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 

Rico, and each territory and possession of the United States 
§ 18233 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 2430 

and includes political subdivisions and military units thereof 

and tax-supported agencies therein. 

(2) The term ‘‘facility’’ includes any (A) interest in land, (B) 

armory, readiness center, or other structure, and (C) storage or 

other facility normally needed for the administration and 

training of any unit of the reserve components of the armed 

forces. 

(3) The terms ‘‘armory’’ and ‘‘readiness center’’ mean a 

structure that houses one or more units of a reserve component 

and is used for training and administering those units. Such 

terms include a structure that is appurtenant to such a structure and houses equipment used for that training and administration. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 121, Sec. 2232; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(36), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(d)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 

7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; renumbered Sec. 18232, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1664(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 

2807(a), (b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–415.) 

§ 18233. Acquisition 

(a) Subject to sections 18233a, 18234, 18235, 18236, and 18238 

of this title and to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense may— 

(1) acquire by purchase, lease, or transfer, and construct, 

expand, rehabilitate, or convert and equip, such facilities as 

are authorized by law to carry out the purposes of this chapter; 

(2) contribute to any State such amounts as he determines 

to be necessary to expand, rehabilitate, or convert facilities 

owned by it or by the United States for use jointly by units of 

two or more reserve components of the armed forces or to acquire or construct facilities for such use; 

(3) contribute to any State such amounts as he determines 

to be necessary to expand, rehabilitate, or convert facilities 

owned by it (or to acquire, construct, expand, rehabilitate, or 

convert additional facilities) made necessary by the conversion, 

redesignation, or reorganization of units of the Army National 

Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the 

United States authorized by the Secretary of the military department concerned; 

(4) contribute to any State such amounts for the acquisition, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion by it 

of additional facilities as he determines to be required by any 

increase in the strength of the Army National Guard of the 

United States or the Air National Guard of the United States; 

(5) contribute to any State amounts for the acquisition, 

construction, expansion, rehabilitation, and conversion by such 

State of such additional facilities as the Secretary determines 

to be required because of the failure of existing facilities to 

meet the purposes of this chapter; and 

(6) contribute to any State such amounts for the construction, alteration, or rehabilitation of critical portions of facilities 

as the Secretary determines to be required to meet a change 

in Department of Defense construction criteria or standards related to the execution of the Federal military mission assigned 

to the unit using the facility. 
2431 § 18233a CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(b) Title to property acquired by the United States under subsection (a)(1) vests in the United States. Such property may be 

transferred to any State incident to the expansion, rehabilitation, 

or conversion of such property under subsection (a)(2) so long as 

the transfer of such property does not result in the creation of an 

enclave owned by a State within a Federal installation. 

(c) The Secretary of Defense may delegate any of his authority 

or functions under this chapter to any department, agency, or officer of the Department of Defense. 

(d) The expenses of leasing property under subsection (a)(1) 

may be paid from appropriations available for the payment of rent. 

(e) The Secretary of Defense may procure, or contribute to any 

State such amounts as the Secretary determines to be necessary to 

procure, architectural and engineering services and construction 

design in connection with facilities to be established or developed 

under this chapter which are not otherwise authorized by law. 

(f)(1) Authority provided by law to construct, expand, rehabilitate, convert, or equip any facility under this section includes authority to expend funds for surveys, administration, overhead, planning, design, and supervision incident to any such activity. 

(2) Authority to acquire real property under this section includes authority to make surveys and to acquire interests in land 

(including temporary interests) by purchase or gift. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 121, Sec. 2233; Pub. L. 85–685, title VI, Sec. 601(1), (2), 

Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(37)–(39), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1456; Pub. 

L. 96–125, title VII, Sec. 703, Nov. 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 97–99, title VIII, Sec. 803, 

804, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1380, 1381; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(a), (d)(2), (e)(1), 10(a)(2), July 

12, 1982, 96 Stat. 169, 170, 175; Pub. L. 98–407, title VII, Sec. 703(a), Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 

1517; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(34), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2624; Pub. L. 99–167, 

title VII, Sec. 702(a), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 102–190, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2801, 

Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1537; renumbered Sec. 18233 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010; Pub. L. 106–65, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 

2805, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2809(b), Oct. 28, 

2004, 118 Stat. 2127; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Sec. 1071(a)(42), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 

2400; Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2805, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2662.) 

§ 18233a. Notice and wait requirements for certain projects 

(a) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Except as provided in subsection (b), an expenditure or contribution in an amount in excess 

of $750,000 may not be made under section 18233 of this title for 

any facility until— 

(1) the Secretary of Defense has notified the congressional 

defense committees of the location, nature, and estimated cost 

of the facility; and 

(2) a period of 21 days has elapsed after the notification 

has been received by those committees or, if over sooner, a period of 14 days has elapsed after the date on which a copy of 

the notification is provided in an electronic medium pursuant 

to section 480 of this title. 

(b) CERTAIN EXPENDITURES OR CONTRIBUTIONS EXEMPTED.— 

Subsection (a) does not apply to expenditures or contributions for 

the following: 

(1) Facilities acquired by lease. 

(2) A project for a facility that has been authorized by Congress, if the location and purpose of the facility are the same 

as when authorized and if, based upon bids received— 
§ 18233b CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 2432 

(A) the scope of work of the project, as approved by 

Congress, is not proposed to be reduced by more than 25 

percent; and 

(B) the current working estimate of the cost of the 

project does not exceed the amount approved for the 

project by more than the lesser of the following: 

(i) 25 percent. 

(ii) 200 percent of the amount specified by section 

2805(a)(2) of this title as the maximum amount for a 

minor military construction project. 

(3) A repair project (as that term is defined in section 

2811(e) of this title) that costs less than $7,500,000. 

(Added Pub. L. 85–685, title VI, Sec. 601(3), Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 665, Sec. 2233a; amended 

Pub. L. 87–554, title VII, Sec. 701, July 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 243; Pub. L. 93–552, title VII, Sec. 

703, Dec. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 1770; Pub. L. 94–107, title VII, Sec. 703, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 569; 

Pub. L. 96–125, title VII, Sec. 704, Nov. 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(c)(1), 

July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 98–115, title VII, Sec. 702, Oct. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 782; Pub. 

L. 98–407, title VII, Sec. 702, Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1517; Pub. L. 100–26, Sec. 7(f)(1), Apr. 

21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 100–180, div. B, subdiv. 3, title I, Sec. 2304(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 

101 Stat. 1215; Pub. L. 102–190, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2804, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1537; 

renumbered Sec. 18233a and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (5), 

Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(10), Feb. 10, 1996, 

110 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 104–201, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2801(b), (c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 

2787; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2806, Oct. 5, 1999, 

113 Stat. 774, 850; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title X, Sec. 1087(a)(22)], Oct. 30, 2000, 

114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–291; Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2808(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 

118 Stat. 2124.) 

§ 18233b. Authority to carry out small projects with operation and maintenance funds 

Under such regulations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe, the Secretary may expend, from appropriations available for 

operation and maintenance, amounts necessary to carry out any 

project authorized under section 18233(a) of this title that costs not 

more than— 

(1) the amount specified in section 2805(c)(1)(A) of this 

title, in the case of a project intended solely to correct a deficiency that is life-threatening, health-threatening, or safetythreatening; or 

(2) the amount specified in section 2805(c)(1)(B) of this 

title, in the case of any other project. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2808(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2125.) 

§ 18234. Location and use 

No expenditures or contribution may be made for a facility 

under section 18233 of this title, unless the Secretary of Defense 

determines that— 

(1) the number of units of the reserve components of the 

armed forces located or to be located in the area within which 

the facility is to be provided is not and will not be larger than 

the number that can reasonably be expected to be maintained 

at authorized strength, considering the number of persons living in the area who are qualified for membership in those reserve units; and 

(2) the plan under which the facility is to be provided 

makes provision for the greatest practicable use of the facility 

jointly by units of two or more of those components. 
2433 § 18236 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 121, Sec. 2234; renumbered Sec. 18234 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (6), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010.) 

§ 18235. Administration; other use permitted by Secretary 

(a) The Secretary of Defense, after consulting the Committee 

on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 

Services of the House of Representatives on matters of policy, 

may— 

(1) administer, operate, maintain, and equip facilities constructed, expanded, rehabilitated, or converted under section 

18233 of this title or otherwise acquired and used for the purposes of this chapter; 

(2) permit persons or organizations other than members 

and units of the armed forces to use those facilities under such 

leases or other agreements as he considers appropriate; and 

(3) cover the payments received under those leases or 

agreements into the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation 

from which the cost of maintaining the facility, including its 

utilities and services, is paid. 

(b) The Secretary may not permit any use or disposition to be 

made of a facility covered by subsection (a) that would interfere 

with its use— 

(1) for administering and training the reserve components 

of the armed forces; or 

(2) in time of war or national emergency, by other units of 

the armed forces or by the United States for any other purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 122, Sec. 2235; renumbered Sec. 18235 and amended Pub. 

L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (7), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010; Pub. L. 104– 

106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title 

X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.) 

§ 18236. Contributions to States; other use permitted by 

States 

(a) Contributions under section 18233 of this title are subject 

to such terms as the Secretary of Defense, after consulting the 

Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on 

Armed Services of the House of Representatives, considers necessary for the purposes of this chapter. Except as otherwise agreed 

when the contribution is made, a facility provided by a contribution 

under paragraph (3) or (4) of section 18233(a) of this title may be 

used jointly by units of two or more reserve components of the 

armed forces only to the extent that the State considers practicable. 

(b) A contribution made for an armory or readiness center 

under paragraph (4) or (5) of section 18233(a) of this title may not 

exceed the sum of— 

(1) 100 percent of the cost of architectural, engineering and 

design services (including advance architectural, engineering 

and design services under section 18233(e) of this title); and 

(2) a percentage of the cost of construction (exclusive of the 

cost of architectural, engineering and design services) calculated so that upon completion of construction the total contribution (including the contribution for architectural, engineering and design services) equals 75 percent of the total cost 
§ 18237 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 2434 

of construction (including the cost of architectural, engineering 

and design services). 

For the purpose of computing the cost of construction under this 

subsection, the amount contributed by a State may not include the 

cost or market value of any real property that it has contributed. 

(c) If a State acquires, constructs, expands, rehabilitates, or 

converts a facility with amounts contributed under section 18233 of 

this title, it may— 

(1) permit persons or organizations other than members 

and units of the armed forces to use the facility under such 

leases or other agreements as it considers appropriate; and 

(2) apply amounts received under those leases or agreements to the cost of maintaining the facility. 

(d) Except as otherwise agreed when the contribution is made, 

and except as the agreement is later changed, a State may not permit any use or disposition of the facility that would interfere with 

its use— 

(1) for administering and training the reserve components 

of the armed forces; or 

(2) in time of war or national emergency, by other units of 

the armed forces or by the United States for any other purpose. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 122, Sec. 2236; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(40), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(d)(2), (3), (e)(2), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 99– 

167, title VII, Sec. 702(b), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 

1343(a)(11), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3993; renumbered Sec. 18236 and amended Pub. L. 103– 

337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (8), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010; Pub. L. 104–106, div. 

A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(36), 1502(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498, 502; Pub. L. 106–65, div. 

A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 106–398, Sec. 1 [div. B, title XXVIII, 

Sec. 2807(b)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–415.) 

§ 18237. Supervision of construction: compliance with State 

law 

(a) Any construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion 

under section 18233(a)(1) of this title may be performed under the 

supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the Army or the head of 

such office or agency in the Department of the Navy as the Secretary of the Navy may designate. 

(b) The construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion of 

facilities in a State under paragraph (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) of section 18233(a) of this title shall be done according to the laws of 

that jurisdiction and under the supervision of its officials, subject 

to the inspection and approval of the Secretary of Defense. 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 123, Sec. 2237; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(41), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1457; Pub. L. 89–718, Sec. 19, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(d)(2), 

July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 170; renumbered Sec. 18237 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title 

XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), (9), div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2852, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010, 3011, 3072; 

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501(b)(37), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498.) 

§ 18238. Army National Guard of United States; Air National 

Guard of United States: limitation on relocation of 

units 

A unit of the Army National Guard of the United States or the 

Air National Guard of the United States may not be relocated or 

withdrawn under this chapter without the consent of the governor 

of the State or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the National Guard of the District of Columbia. 
2435 § 18240 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 123, Sec. 2238; Pub. L. 85–861, Sec. 1(43), Sept. 2, 1958, 

72 Stat. 1457; Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(d)(4), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 170; renumbered Sec. 18238, 

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010.) 

§ 18239. Waiver of certain restrictions 

(a) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of each military 

department may make expenditures and contributions under section 18233 of this title without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of 

title 31. 

(b) Authority provided by law to place permanent or temporary 

improvements on land under section 18233 of this title may be exercised on land not owned by the United States— 

(1) before title to the land on which the improvement is located (or is to be located) is approved under section 3111 of 

title 40; and 

(2) even though the land will be held in other than a fee 

simple interest in a case in which the Secretary of the military 

department concerned determines that the interest to be acquired in the land is sufficient for the purposes of the project. 

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, Sec. 3(b)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 169, Sec. 2239; amended Pub. L. 

97–295, Sec. 1(23), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1290; Pub. L. 97–321, title VIII, Sec. 805(a)(2), Oct. 

15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1573; renumbered Sec. 18239 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, 

Sec. 1664(b)(2), (10), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3010, 3011; Pub. L. 107–217, Sec. 3(b)(42), Aug. 

21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1298.) 

§ 18240. Acquisition of facilities by exchange 

(a) EXCHANGE AUTHORITY.—In addition to the acquisition authority provided by section 18233 of this title, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of a military department to acquire a facility, or addition to an existing facility, needed to satisfy 

military requirements for a reserve component by carrying out an 

exchange of an existing facility under the control of that Secretary 

through an agreement with an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5), the United States Postal Service, or a State, 

local government, local authority, or private entity. The acquisition 

of a facility or an addition to an existing facility under this section 

may include the acquisition of utilities, equipment, and furnishings 

for the facility. 

(b) FACILITIES ELIGIBLE FOR EXCHANGE.—Only a facility of a 

reserve component that is not excess property (as defined in section 

102(3) of title 40) may be exchanged using the authority provided 

by this section. 

(c) EQUAL VALUE EXCHANGE.—In any exchange carried out 

using the authority provided by this section, the value of the replacement facility, or addition to an existing facility, including any 

utilities, equipment, and furnishings, to be acquired by the United 

States shall be at least equal to the fair market value of the facility 

conveyed by the United States under the agreement. If the values 

are unequal, the values may not be equalized by any payment of 

cash consideration by either party to the agreement. 

(d) REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT FACILITIES.—The Secretary of a military department may not accept a replacement facility, or addition to an existing facility, to be acquired by the United 

States in an exchange carried out using the authority provided by 

this section until that Secretary determines that the facility or addition— 
§ 18240 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 2436 

(1) is complete and usable, fully functional, and ready for 

occupancy; 

(2) satisfies all operational requirements; and 

(3) meets all applicable Federal, State, and local requirements relating to health, safety, fire, and the environment. 

(e) CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary of a military department authorized to enter into an agreement under subsection (a) to convey an existing facility under the control of that 

Secretary by exchange shall consult with representatives of other 

reserve components to evaluate— 

(1) the value of using the facility to meet the military requirements of another reserve component, instead of conveying 

the facility under this section; and 

(2) the feasibility of using the conveyance of the facility to 

acquire a facility, or an addition to an existing facility, that 

would be jointly used by more than one reserve component or 

unit. 

(f) ADVANCE NOTICE OF PROPOSED EXCHANGE.—(1) When a decision is made to enter into an agreement under subsection (a) to 

exchange a facility using the authority provided by this section, the 

Secretary of the military department authorized to enter into the 

agreement shall submit to the congressional defense committees a 

report on the proposed agreement. The report shall include the following: 

(A) A description of the agreement, including the terms 

and conditions of the agreement, the parties to be involved in 

the agreement, the origin of the proposal that lead to the 

agreement, the intended use of the facility to be conveyed by 

the United States under the agreement, and any costs to be incurred by the United States to make the exchange under the 

agreement. 

(B) A description of the facility to be conveyed by the 

United States under the agreement, including the current condition and fair market value of the facility, and a description 

of the method by which the fair market value of the facility 

was determined. 

(C) Information on the facility, or addition to an existing 

facility, to be acquired by the United States under the agreement and the intended use of the facility or addition, which 

shall meet requirements for information provided to Congress 

for military construction projects to obtain a similar facility or 

addition to an existing facility. 

(D) A certification that the Secretary complied with the 

consultation requirements under subsection (e). 

(E) A certification that the conveyance of the facility under 

the agreement is in the best interests of the United States and 

that the Secretary used competitive procedures to the maximum extent practicable to protect the interests of the United 

States. 

(2) The agreement described in a report prepared under paragraph (1) may be entered into, and the exchange covered by the 

agreement made, only after the end of the 30-day period beginning 

on the date the report is received by the congressional defense committees or, if earlier, the end of the 21-day period beginning on the 
2437 § 18240 CH. 1803—FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS 

date on which a copy of the report is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title. 

(3) Section 2662 of this title shall not apply to an exchange carried out using the authority provided by this section. 

(g) RELATION TO OTHER MILITARY CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.—The acquisition of a facility, or an addition to an existing 

facility, using the authority provided by this section shall not be 

treated as a military construction project for which an authorization is required by section 2802 of this title. 

(Added Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2809(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2125; 

amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2808(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3508; Pub. 

L. 110–181, div. B, title XXVIII, Sec. 2807, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 541.) 
2438 

CHAPTER 1805—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Sec. 

18501. Reserve components: personnel and logistic support by military departments. 

18502. Reserve components: supplies, services, and facilities. 

18505. Reserves traveling for inactive-duty training: space-required travel on 

military aircraft. 

[18506. Repealed.] 

§ 18501. Reserve components: personnel and logistic support 

by military departments 

The Secretary concerned is responsible for providing the personnel, equipment, facilities, and other general logistic support necessary to enable units and Reserves in the Ready Reserve of the 

reserve components under his jurisdiction to satisfy the training requirements and mobilization readiness requirements for those 

units and Reserves as recommended by the Secretary concerned 

and by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and approved by 

the Secretary of Defense, and as recommended by the Commandant 

of the Coast Guard and approved by the Secretary of Homeland Security when the Coast Guard is not operated as a service of the 

Navy. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3011; amended 

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, Sec. 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.) 

§ 18502. Reserve components: supplies, services, and facilities 

(a) The Secretary concerned shall make available to the reserve components under his jurisdiction the supplies, services, and 

facilities of the armed forces under his jurisdiction that he considers necessary to support and develop those components. 

(b) Whenever he finds it to be in the best interest of the United 

States, the Secretary concerned may issue supplies of the armed 

forces under his jurisdiction to the reserve components under his 

jurisdiction, without charge to the appropriations for those components for the cost or value of the supplies or for any related expense. 

(c) Whenever he finds it to be in the best interest of the United 

States, the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force 

may issue to the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, 

as the case may be, supplies of the armed forces under his jurisdiction that are in addition to supplies issued to that National Guard 

under section 702 of title 32 or charged against its appropriations 

under section 106 or 107 of title 32, without charge to the appropriations for those components for the cost or value of the supplies 

or for any related expense. 
2439 [§ 18506 CH. 1805—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

1So in original. No sections 18503 and 18504 have been enacted. 

(d) Supplies issued under subsection (b) or (c) may be repossessed or redistributed as prescribed by the Secretary concerned. 

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, Sec. 1664(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3012.) 

§ 18505. Reserves traveling for inactive-duty training: spacerequired travel on military aircraft 1

(a) A member of a reserve component traveling for inactiveduty training (including a place other than the place of the member’s unit training assembly if the member is performing inactiveduty training in another location) may travel in a space-required 

status on aircraft of the armed forces between the member’s home 

and the place of the inactive-duty training. 

(b) A member traveling in a space-required status on any such 

aircraft under subsection (a) is not authorized to receive travel, 

transportation, or per diem allowances in connection with that 

travel. 

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, Sec. 517(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 594; amended Pub. 

L. 106–398, Sec. 1[[div. A], title III, Sec. 384(a), (b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A– 

87; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, Sec. 518, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1096.) 

[§ 18506. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, Sec. 

589(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3279] 

2441 

LAWS PROVIDING THAT CERTAIN PROVISIONS 

OF TITLE 10 ARE APPLICABLE TO THE COMMISSIONED CORPS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH 

SERVICE AND THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND 

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION 

1. SECTION 221 OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT 

(42 U.S.C. 213a) 

RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, ETC. OF OFFICERS AND SURVIVING

BENEFICIARIES

SEC. 221. (a) Commissioned officers of the Service or their surviving beneficiaries are entitled to all the rights, benefits, privileges, and immunities now or hereafter provided for commissioned 

officers of the Army or their surviving beneficiaries under the following provisions of title 10, United States Code: 

(1) Section 1036, Escorts for dependents of members: 

transportation and travel allowances. 

(2) Chapter 61, Retirement or Separation for Physical Disability, except that sections 1201, 1202, and 1203 do not apply 

to commissioned officers of the Public Health Service who have 

been ordered to active duty for training for a period of more 

than 30 days. 

(3) Chapter 69, Retired Grade, except sections 1370, 1374, 

1375, and 1376(a). 

(4) Chapter 71, Computation of Retired Pay, except formula No. 3 of section 1401. 

(5) Chapter 73, Retired Serviceman’s Family Protection 

Plan, Survivor Benefit Plan. 

(6) Chapter 75, Death Benefits. 

(7) Section 2771, Final settlement of accounts: deceased 

members. 

(8) Chapter 163, Military Claims, but only when commissioned officers of the Service are entitled to military benefits 

under section 212 of this Act. 

(9) Section 2603, Acceptance of fellowships, scholarships, 

or grants. 

(10) Section 2634 Motor vehicles: for members on permanent change of station. 

(11) Section 1035, Deposit of savings. 

(12) Section 1552, Correction of military records: claims incident thereto. 

(13) Section 1553, Review of discharge or dismissal. 
Sec. 221 PHS & NOAA INCORPORATION 2442 

(14) Section 1554, Review of retirement or separation without pay for physical disability. 

(15) Section 1124, Cash awards for suggestions, inventions, 

or scientific achievements. 

(16) Section 1052, Reimbursement for adoption expenses. 

(17) Section 1059, Transitional compensation and commissary and exchange benefits for dependents of members separated for dependent abuse. 

(b) The authority vested by title 10, United States Code, in the 

‘‘military departments’’, ‘‘the Secretary concerned’’, or ‘‘the Secretary of Defense’’ with respect to the rights, privileges, immunities, and benefits referred to in subsection (a) shall be exercised, 

with respect to commissioned officers of the Service, by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or his designee. 
2443 § 261 PHS & NOAA INCORPORATION 

2. SECTION 261 OF THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION COMMISSIONED OFFICER CORPS ACT OF 2002 

(33 U.S.C. 3071) 

SEC. 261. APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, 

UNITED STATES CODE. 

(a) PROVISIONS MADE APPLICABLE TO THE CORPS.—The rules of 

law that apply to the Armed Forces under the following provisions 

of title 10, United States Code, as those provisions are in effect 

from time to time, apply also to the commissioned officer corps of 

the Administration: 

(1) Chapter 40, relating to leave. 

(2) Section 533(b), relating to constructive service. 

(3) Section 716, relating to transfers between the armed 

forces and to and from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

(4) Section 1035, relating to deposits of savings. 

(5) Section 1036, relating to transportation and travel allowances for escorts for dependents of members. 

(6) Section 1052, relating to reimbursement for adoption 

expenses. 

(7) Section 1174a, relating to special separation benefits 

(except that benefits under subsection (b)(2)(B) of such section 

are subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose and are provided at the discretion of the Secretary of 

Commerce). 

(8) Chapter 61, relating to retirement or separation for 

physical disability. 

(9) Chapter 69, relating to retired grade, except sections 

1370, 1375, and 1376. 

(10) Chapter 71, relating to computation of retired pay. 

(11) Chapter 73, relating to annuities based on retired or 

retainer pay. 

(12) Subchapter II of chapter 75, relating to death benefits. 

(13) Section 2634, relating to transportation of motor vehicles for members on permanent change of station. 

(14) Sections 2731 and 2735, relating to property loss incident to service. 

(15) Section 2771, relating to final settlement of accounts 

of deceased members. 

(16) Such other provisions of subtitle A of that title as may 

be adopted for applicability to the commissioned officer corps 

of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration by 

any other provision of law. 

(b) REFERENCES.—The authority vested by title 10, United 

States Code, in the ‘‘military departments’’, ‘‘the Secretary concerned’’, or ‘‘the Secretary of Defense’’ with respect to the provisions 

of law referred to in subsection (a) shall be exercised, with respect 

to the commissioned officer corps of the Administration, by the Secretary of Commerce or the Secretary’s designee.