Page 14

Water Temperature (°C)

100

Depth (M)
x
s

o
S
3

400

500

BOS

i)
KA 4p. ES

%
R= 2

\
}
es,

4

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

Water Temperature (°C)
et ion ER

ala
re a
oe %e Wi
oO

26
25
2

500

Figure 10.

Reference Distance (KM)

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
“May and June 1994.


Page 8

May'93 Water Temperature (°C)

SS re. BRS

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

eet anne

z we
s 0 tt
é 9
300 a
a :
ry ee
a
400 7
—_
°
500 ! H a ! ¥

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Reference Distance (KM)

Figure 4. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during May
and June 1993.


Page 18

Jan'93 Water Temperature (°C)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

300

Reference Distance (KM)
Massachusetts] Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 14. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during January,
February, and March 1993.


Page iv

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Figure 17.

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Figure 20,

Figure 21.

Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during March and April 1994 .......0.. 13

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) .
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during May and June 1994 «0.0... 14

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during July and August 1994............. 15

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during September and October 1994......... 16

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during November and December 1994....... 17

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during January, February, and March 1993.......... 18

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during April, May, and June 1993.............0. 19

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during July, August. and September 1993

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during October, November, and December 1993.... 21

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during January, February, and March 1994.......... 22

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during April, May, and June 1994...........2-- ce 23

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during July, August, and September 1994 ...........- 24

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Gulf of Maine transect during October, November, and December 1994.... 25


160

»
3
6

Depth (M)

300

400

Page 15

Water Temperature (°C)

600

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

Figure 11.

SKS

gh

e hoe

7.
1
400 450

50 100 150 200 250 300
Reference Distance (KM)

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
July and August 1994.


Oct'93

Page 21

Water Temperature (°C)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

Reference Distance (KM)

Massachusetts
Bay

Wilkinson
Basin

Central
Ledges

Crowell
Basin

Scotian
Sheif

Figure 17. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during October,

November, and December 1993.


100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

Page 17

Nov'94 Water Temperature (°C)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Reference Distance (KM)

Figure 13. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during

November and December 1994.


Page 12

Water Temperature (°C)

100 F-

200 --

Depth (M)

300

400

>
I

2

Md

y

fg

OS
eS

ey

ry

x

Lp

500 2} | | e © |}
° Febd'94 Water Temperature (°C)
d a
se fa %

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

100 150

200
Reference Distance (KM)

250

Figure 8, Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during

January and February 1994.


Page 4

Table 1. List of all MARMAP Ships of Opportunity Table 2. List of all MARMAP Ships of Opportunity
Program (SOOP) cruises through the Route Program {SOOP) cruises through the Route
MB (Middle Atlantic Bight) polygon from the MC {Gulf of Maine) polygon from the C/V
C/V Oleander (OL) during the period 1993- Yankee Clipper (YC) or C/V Skogafoss (SK)
1994. during the period 1993-1994
CRUISE DATE XBT SST SSS CPR CRUISE DATE XBT SST SSS CPR
1993 1993
oresoa" ; . = toes x x x x yoo30l* 16Jani993 «X= =X X= X
Yco302" 20Feb1993 X X xX xX
oLesoae : nee loos x x x x YC9303* 13Mar1993° X x x x
oueaos' «7Meyi003 «x x Ox: x: YORGOMt  BBApr99B XX XX
OLg306* 12Jun1993 X xX XxX xX ¥C9305" 4 May 19938 XK KR
Ses a ntioee, ee : YO806* Jun 1998 KX XX
ovesos Gangi99s 6. xxx: YCUSO7 SJulIgGg «XK OK
yoos0s* 6 Augi1993. xX =X. XC
019309 4 Sep 1993 = XK XK yegsogS a7 Augi993 - = CX
teats ba ep t003 x ok OX X —-ye9310.« «10 Sep 1998. X= Xs
o1gsi2* 150cti993 x =x x x LCOSIY  24Sep 1998 X =X XK Xx
SK9301" 11Nov1998 X XK - xX
OL9313" 6Nov1993 X xX xX - SKO302 12Dec1998 - Ott
019314. 20Nov1993 -—- x
OL9315* 4Decl1993.  X X xX xX
1994
1994
olgsoi* = 7Jan1994 =X) =O XOXO SKo401* 4 Jan 1993 XX
OL9402* 5 Feb1994  X xX XxX X Sk9402 31 Jan 1998 XX
cleioe SMerieod XOXOXO SK9403* 28Feb1994 X X - XxX
ouodow sMay1904 XOX OX sKo404*  28Mari994 X= =X - = X
SK9405* 8May1994 =X X - XxX
ce iio Swe samme
olg4o7*  QJull994 XOX) COXCOX SKS407— 2 Jul 1994 XXX
sko408* 30Jull994 X= X= OX
oresose we oe eon x KX * SK9409* 27Aug1994 X XK - xX
OL9410" 2Sep1994 X XxX XX X SKO410 24 Sep 1994 : ° *
SK9411° 220ct1994 XX -
mas rote, XX x SSR aime xk
SK9413* 18Dec1994 X X - xX
OL9413* 4Nov1994 X= =X X X
OL9414" 10Dec1994 X= =X X X
Notes: An °X* indicates collection of a particular data type
Notes: An “X" indicates collection of a particular data type (XBT = expendable bathythermograph drop. SST =

(XBT = expendable bathythermograph drop: SST =
sea surface temperature (bucket): SSS = sea surface
salinity (bucket) sample; CPR = continuous plankton
record. Cruises with * are presented as verticle
sections in this report.

sea surface temperature (bucket); SSS = sea surface
salinity (bucket} sample; CPR = continuous plankton
record. Cruises with * are presented as verticle
sections in this report.



Page 24

sures Water Temperature (°C)
F

A Sree ‘

60

30

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210

240

30

60

90

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210

240

30

60

90

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210

240

oO 50 100 300
Reference Distance (KM)

Massachusetts| Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian co
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 20. Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during July,
August, and September 1994.


Page 2

intervals (about each 26 km or 14 nm), whereas
Gulf of Maine SOOP vessels dropped XBTs at 2-
hr intervals (about each 44 km or 24 nm}. In both
regions, surface temperature was recorded hourly
via bucket thermometer, and surface salinity was
sampled whenever an XBT was deployed. In the
Guif of Maine, however, at the end of 1993 the C/
V Yankee Clipper was replaced by the C/V
Skogafoss and surface salinity sampling ceased.
Athermosalinograph has been installed on theC/
V Skogafoss and is currently going through cali-
bration.

Temperature and depth data collected aboard
SOOP vessels were processed and quality con-
trolled by personnel at the NMFS Narragansett
Laboratory, following the methods in Benway et
al. (1993a).

The CPR data were collected and processed
following the methods of Thomas (1992). In brief,
CPRs were towed at a fixed depth of 10m. Seawa-
ter entering the front of the CPR was filtered
through a mechanically driven belt of Swiss bolt-
ing silk with a wet mesh aperture of 225 microns
x 234 microns. In the laboratory, the silk was
divided into sections (“stations”) corresponding to
10 nautical-mile segments (18.52 km) of a tow
track. Geographic position and reference dis-
tance were calculated for each geometric center of
each silk section, and successive silk sections
were assigned sequential station numbers. Zoop-
lankton and phytoplankton atlases are in prepa-
ration for both MB and MC Routes.

GENERATION OF CONTOURED
VERTICAL SECTIONS

The method of generating contoured vertical
sections, or grids, was designed at the NMFS
Narragansett Laboratory to overcome problems
associated with irregular sampling in time and
space (Thomas 1992). Both XBT and bucket data
from a single cruise were used to create a con-
toured grid of monthly, interpolated water-col-
umn temperatures.

All contoured sections of water-column tem-
peratures (in degrees Celsius) have been con-
structed with route polygon reference distances
(in kilometers) along the x-axis, and water-col-
umn depths along the y-axis. Grid intersections

were chosen at intervals of 17.38 km distance and
10 m depth.

Asearch was performed of the elliptical space
{100 km by 50 m) around every grid intersection,
and all raw data values within the search ellipses
were fitted to the grid by interpolation, using
inverse distance squared weighting. In the event
of fewer than four raw data values within the
search ellipse at a given grid intersection, no
interpolation was performed, resulting in a blank
region within the interpolated surface.

RESULTS

During 1993 and 1994 the total number of
cruises conducted was 29 for the Middle Atlantic
Bight and 26 for the Gulf of Maine. Cruises are
listed in Table 1 (Middle Atlantic Bight) and Table
2 (Gulf of Maine) along with information on the
types of data collected on each cruise.

Portrayals of monthly water-column tempera-
tures for the Middle Atlantic Bight(Route MB) are
shown in Figures 2-13, and for the Gulf of Maine
(Route MC) in Figures 14-21. Not included in
these portrayals are the locations of concomitant
CPR stations.

Temperature data for any SOOP transect are
available from the National Oceanographic Data
Center (NODC) in a variety of forms. Requests for
and inquiries about SOOP data held by NODC, as
well as data products, should be directed to:

National Oceanographic Data Center
National Environmental Satellite, Data
and Information Service/NOAA

1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20235

U.S.A.

For information about CPR plankton collec-
tions, please contact:

Plankton Ecology Investigation
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
National Marine Fisheries Service
28 Tarzwell Drive,

Narragansett, R.I. 02882

U.S.A.


ABSTRACT

This report presents water-column tempera-
ture data collected in the Middle Atlantic Bight
and Gulf of Maine for 1993 and 1994, and
extends a similar compilation for data collected
during 1978-1992 of the Northeast Fisheries
Service Ships of Opportunity Program (Benwayet
al. 1993a). Data were collected by expendable
bathythermographs deployed by merchant ves-
sels during monthly transects within both bodies
of water. Data are presented as contoured verti-
cal sections. Methods of data collection, manage-
ment, and portrayal are discussed.

INTRODUCTION

In 1970, the National Marine Fisheries Ser-
vice (NMFS) and the Maritime Administration
(MARAD) initiated a cooperative expendable
bathythermograph (XBT) survey to identify and
describe seasonal and year-to-year variations of
temperature, salinity and circulation in major
currents of the Gulf of Mexico and western North
Atlantic. This survey, conducted in support of
the NMFS's Marine Resources Monitoring, As-
sessment, and Prediction (MARMAP) Program,
used merchant ships, cooperating in MARAD's
Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP), as inex-
pensive collection platforms, and relied on Kings
Point Maritime Academy cadets to gather the
XBT data.

In the mid-1970s, the continuous plankton
recorder (CPR) survey (Glover 1967; Jossi et al.
1982), also using ships of opportunity, merged
with the XBT survey. The combined surveys
concentrated on water masses, circulation, and
plankton of the Middle Atlantic Bight and Gulf of
Maine, with particular interest in the continental
shelf and slope waters.

This report portrays monthly water-column
thermal conditions along MARMAP Routes MB
(Middle Atlantic Bight) and MC (Gulf of Maine) for
1993 and 1994. During hte monthly cruises,
CPR data were also collected, but are not pre-
sented here because of delays in data processing.
Analyses of SOOP hydrographic data regarding
long-term mean conditions and interannual vari-
ability in surface temperature, surface salinity,
and bottom temperature are presented in Benway
et al. (1993b). Additional analyses of the data
collected in 1993 are presented in Benway et al..
1994,

Page 1
METHODS
STUDY AREA

Ship routes were selected in regions of inter-
est to fisheries research to provide regular sam-
pling and to allow the characterization of oceano-
graphic conditions. Repeated coverage is impor-
tant for comparative analyses, so ships with the
most regular schedules were chosen whenever
possible. The cooperating ship's included re-
search, commercial, and U.S. Coast Guard ves-
sels outfitted with data sampling hardware and
software from the National Marine Fisheries Ser-
vice Narragansett (Rhode Island) Laboratory; The
National Ocean Service Office of Ocean Observa-
tions, Washington D.C.; and the Environmental
Research Laboratory, Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida.

Track lines varied on different occupations of
a route. This variability made it necessary to
develop route polygons with shapes such that only
variations along the long axis were considered
significant relative to program goals (Figures la
and 1b).

The Middle Atlantic Bight sampling originates
at Ambrose Light (40°27.5'N, 73°49.6'W) and ex-
tends offshore 500 km (270 nm) towards Bermuda
(Figure 1a). The route polygon is termed MARMAP
Route MB, the comers of which are: 40°34'N,
74°00'W; 40°20'N, 74°00°W; 38°30'N, 69°00'W;
and 34°44'N, 70°30'W. This route traverses wa-
ters of the continental shelf, continental slope,
and Gulf Stream.

The Gulf of Maine sampling extends from
Boston, Massachusetts, on the western side, to
Cape Sable, Nova Scotia on the eastern portion
(Figure 1b), for approximately 452 km (244 nm).
This route polygon is termed MARMAP Route MC,
the corners of which are: 43°30'N, 71°00°;W;
43°30'N, 65°37 W; 43°00'N, 65°37°W; and 42°00'N,
71°00°W. This route traverses waters of Massa-
chusetts Bay, Wilkinson Basin, the central gulf
ledges, Crowell Basin, southern Jordan Basin and
western Scotian Shelf.

DATA AND SAMPLE PROCESSING

On all SOOP vessels, XBT and meteorological
data were recorded and logged following the meth-
ods of Benway et al. (1993a). Temporal coverage
by data type is shown in Tables 1 and 2. Middle
Atlantic Bight SOOP vessels cast XBTs at 1 hr


Page 13

Water Temperature (°C)

100

200

Depth (M)

300

500 4

4 2 “el oot @ OI

° Water Temperature (°C)

100

200

NO XBT DATA

e
2
r=)

Depth (M)

*
3
6

500 a er 1 ! rl |
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Reference Distance (KN)

Figure 9, Water-column thermal! structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
March and April 1994.


Page 3

REFERENCES

Benway, Robert: L.,and Jack W. Jossi. 1994.
Surface and bottome temperatures, and sa-
linities; New York to the Gulf Stream, Mas-
sachusetts to Capr Sable, N.S., 1993 NAFO
SCR Doc.,94/15, 16p.

Benway, Robert L., Kevin P. Thomas, and Jack W.
Jossi. 1993a. Water-column thermal struc-
ture in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Gulf of
Maine during 1978-1992. U.S, Dept. of Com-
merce, NOAA Tech. Mem., NMFS-F/NEC-97,
154 p.

Benway, Robert L., Jack W. Jossi, Kevin P. Tho-
mas, and Julien R. Goulet. 1993b. Variability
of temperature —_ and salinity in the Middle
Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine. MARMAP
Atlas Monograph No. 4. U.S. Dep. Commerce,
NOAA Tech. Rep., NMFS 112, 108 p.

Benway, Robert L., Jack W. Jossi, and Carolyn A.
Griswold. 1993c. Surface and bottom tem-
peratures, and \surface salinities: New York
to the Gulf Stream, Massachusetts to Cape
Sable, N.S., 1992. NAFO SCR Doce. 93/27, 15

P.

Glover, R.S. 1967. The continuous plankton
recorder survey of the Norht Atlantic. Symp.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 19: 189-210.

Thomas, K.P. 1992. Initiation and decline of
Ceratium tripos blooms in the Gulf of Maine;
dependence upon water column structure.
Kingston, RI: Univ. of Rhode Island. M.Sc.
Thesis 127p.

Jossi, J.W.;Smith, D.E.;White,G.A. 1982. Con-
tinuous plankton records: the sampling pro-
gram of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries
Service. Ann Biol. 38: 66-68.



Page 19

Water Temperature (°C)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)}

Depth (M)

Reference Distance (KM)
Massachusetts | Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 15. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during April, May,
and June 1993.



Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 95-11

Water - Column

Thermal Structure

in the Middle Atlantic Bight
and Gulf of Maine

for 1993 and 1994

by

Robert L. Benway
and
Jack W. Jossi

NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
Environmental Processes Division
Plankton Ecology Investigation
Narragansett, RI 02882-1199

March 1995


Page 6

Jan'93
oO

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

Water Temperature (°C)

NO XBT DATA

L L r i J

Water Temperature (°C)

100

Depth (M)
x
s

2
S
3

400

seo

22)

are

500

Figure 2.

? re *
a
a r
1 | | [| eo ae
250 300 350 400 450

Reference Distance (KM)

Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
January and February 1993.


Page 5

4 United
retermortertcin States
(42923°R, 15°00"

“ Massachusetts
42° NS
ard
Hiddle Aclantic Bight

Continental shelf

40° Nw

38° N4

36° N

45° NV onited

States Maine 0
rae
ad
44 NS aa
eeacral oom
tenayas

®

r

“Rowte He
Relecence Position

tase23em, Gasearwy

43° NT

42° N-

T TT T ~ 7 T T T
71° W 70° W 69° W 68° Ww 67° W 669 W 65° W 64° W

Figure 1. The (A) Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), and (B} Gulf of Maine (GOM) Route MC polygons, within which
monitoring transects occurred, showing reference positions and distances, location of Ambrose tower,
and major geographical features through which all sampling took place.


Page 25

9 octet Water Temperature (°C)

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

_-Nater Temperature Cc}

Depth (M)

Reference Distance (KM)
Massachusetts| Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 21. Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during October,
November, and December 1994.


Page 2

intervals (about each 26 km or 14 nm), whereas
Gulf of Maine SOOP vessels dropped XBT's at 2-
hr intervals (about each 44 km or 24 nm). In both
regions, surface temperature was recorded hourly
via bucket thermometer, and surface salinity was
sampled whenever an XBT was deployed. In the
Gulf of Maine, however, at the end of 1993 the C/
V Yankee Clipper was replaced by the C/V
Skogafoss and surface salinity sampling ceased.
A thermosalinograph has been installed on theC/
V Skogafoss and is currently going through cali-
bration.

Temperature and depth data collected aboard
SOOP vessels were processed and quality con-
trolled by personnel at the NMFS Narragansett
Laboratory, following the methods in Benway et
al. (1993a).

The CPR data were collected and processed
following the methods of Thomas (1992). In brief,
CPRs were towed at a fixed depth of 10m. Seawa-
ter entering the front of the CPR was filtered
through a mechanically driven belt of Swiss bolt-
ing silk with a wet mesh aperture of 225 microns
x 234 microns. In the laboratory, the silk was
divided into sections (“stations”) corresponding to
10 nautical-mile segments (18.52 km) of a tow
track. Geographic position and reference dis-
tance were calculated for each geometric center of
each silk section, and successive silk sections
were assigned sequential station numbers. Zoop-
Jankton and phytoplankton atlases are in prepa-
ration for both MB and MC Routes.

GENERATION OF CONTOURED
VERTICAL SECTIONS

The method of generating contoured vertical
sections, or grids, was designed at the NMFS
Narragansett Laboratory to overcome problems
associated with irregular sampling in time and
space (Thomas 1992). Both XBT and bucket data
from a single cruise were used to create a con-
toured grid of monthly, interpolated water-col-
umn temperatures.

All contoured sections of water-column tem-
peratures (in degrees Celsius) have been con-
structed with route polygon reference distances
(in kilometers) along the x-axis, and water-col-
umn depths along the y-axis. Grid intersections

were chosen at intervals of 17.38 km distance and
10 m depth.

Asearch was performed of the elliptical space
{100 km by 50 m) around every grid intersection,
and all raw data values within the search ellipses
were fitted to the grid by interpolation, using
inverse distance squared weighting. In the event
of fewer than four raw data values within the
search ellipse at a given grid intersection, no
interpolation was performed, resulting in a blank
region within the interpolated surface.

RESULTS

During 1993 and 1994 the total number of
cruises conducted was 29 for the Middle Atlantic
Bight and 26 for the Gulf of Maine. Cruises are
listed in Table 1 (Middle Atlantic Bight) and Table
2 (Gulf of Maine) along with information on the
types of data collected on each cruise.

Portrayals of monthly water-column tempera-
tures for the Middle Atlantic Bight(Route MB) are
shown in Figures 2-13, and for the Gulf of Maine
(Route MC) in Figures 14-21. Not included in
these portrayals are the locations of concomitant
CPR stations.

Temperature data for any SOOP transect are
available from the National Oceanographic Data
Center (NODC) in a variety of forms. Requests for
and inquiries about SOOP data held by NODC, as
well as data products, should be directed to:

National Oceanographic Data Center
National Environmental Satellite, Data
and Information Service/NOAA

1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20235

U.S.A.

For information about CPR plankton coliec-
tions, please contact:

Plankton Ecology Investigation
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
National Marine Fisheries Service
28 Tarzwell Drive,

Narragansett, R.I. 02882

U.S.A.


Page 16

100

Depth (M)
8
S

2
=)
Ss

400

500

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

Figure

-Water Temperature (°C)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Reference Distance (KM)

12. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
September and October 1994.


Page 22

Jan'94 Water Temperature (°C)

> ~

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210 E,
oo Eee eae ee
0 Feb'94 Water Temperature (°C)
N ae

Depth (M)

Depth (M)

150
Reference Distance (KM)
Massachusetts] Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 18. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during January,
February, and March 1994.


Page iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ADSUract oo. eeseceeteseseseeeensnanes
Introduction
Methods ...
Study Area
Data and Sample Processing ..........00.2004
Generation of Contoured Vertical Sections .
Results ...
References

WN me mee

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. List of all MARMAP Ships of Opportunity Program (SOOP) cruises
through the Route MB (Middle Atlantic Bight) polygon
from the C/V Oleander (OL) during the period 1993-1994 w...c.cjccccsecccsesssesescececeees 4

Table 2. List of all MARMAP Ships of Opportunity Program (SOOP) cruises
through the Route MC (Gulf of Maine) polygon
from the C/V Yankee Clipper (YC) or C/V Skogafoss (SK)
during the period 1993-1994 o......csssecescesesesssrsvseseressseseatsescscseseevsusstesscsesvessvsvanevenees 4

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. The {A) Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), and (B) Gulf of Maine (GOM) Route
MC polygons, within which monitoring transects occurred,
showing reference positions and distances, location of Ambrose tower,
and major geographical features through which all sampling took place .................0.. 5

Figure 2. Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during January and February 1993............. 6

Figure 3. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during March and April 1993

Figure 4. Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during May and June 1993 ...

Figure 5. Water-column thermal structure {degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Adantic Bight transect during July and August 1993.00.00... 9

Figure 6. | Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius}
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during September and October 1993......... 10

Figure 7. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during November and December 1993....... ll

Figure 8. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius)
along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during January and February 1994........... 12



Jul'93

Page 9

Water Temperature (°C)

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

$00

Water Temperature (*C)

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

NO XBT DATA

Reference

250 300 350 400 450
Distance (KM)

Figure 5. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during July

and August 1993.


Page 11

Nov'93 Water Temperature (°C)

%e.

~ Car i fo “o.
: z = 18
6

: MS —s A

— te 4

: eo * \Y

200 Ft 3 ee yo , |

LN

Ny

ws]

100

Depth (M)

400 4 » Seoe\d
|
_
ae
500 t t 2the See

Water Temperature (°C)
av

soe
ar
( x
2 6 te, a
cK os rl
16 <I
6 —————— 36.

100

—_
_ 200 . ° Ja
i - 0" a

:

oO

A

U
S
/

400 ; I——~__—1

500

o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Reference Distance (KM)

Figure 7. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
November and December 1993.


The Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Documents are a series of informal reports
produced by the Center for timely transmission of results obtained through work at the various
NEFSC labs. The documents are reviewed internally before publication. but are not considered formal
literature. The National Marine Fisheries Service does not endorse any proprietary material. process,
or product mentioned in these reports. To obtain additional copies of this report contact. Information
Services Unit, Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Woods Hole, MA 02543 (508-548-5123, ext. 260}.

The correct citation for the document is: Benway, Robert L. and Jack W. Jossi. 1995. Water-
column thermal structure in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine for 1993 and 1994. Woods
Hole, MA: NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC. Center Ref. Doc. 95-11. Available from: NMFS/NEFSC, 166 Water
Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543.



Page 20

Jul'93 Water Temperature (°C)

i sa aon Thee +3

ee ee

—
8 @, >

g J GSD
z °

‘ :
4 120 i
s aan
@ 150

3 Y
Water Temperature (°C)
ys

oe

s|

Depth {M)

Depth (M)

Reference Distance (KM)

Massachusetts] Wilkinson Central Crowell Scotian
Bay Basin Ledges Basin Shelf

Figure 16. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during July,
August, and September 1993.


Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 95-11

Water - Column
Thermal Structure
in the Middle Atlantic Bight
and Gulf of Maine
for 1993 and 1994

by

Robert L. Benway
and
Jack W. Jossi

NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
Environmental Processes Division

Plankton Ecology Investigation
Narragansett, RI 02882-1199

March 1995



Apr'94

Page 23

Water Temperature (°C)

30

60

90

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210

240

30

60

90

120

Depth (M)

150

180

210

240

iy Sst AES.
Se eee Sul Ries oa |

Water Temperature (°C)

Reference Distance (KM)

Massachusetts

Wilkinson
Basin

Central
Ledges

Crowell Scotian
Basin Shelf

Figure 19, Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Gulf of Maine transect during April, May,
and June 1994,



200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

Mar'93

Page 7

Water Temperature (°C)

NO XBT. DATA

rl | i 1 \
Water Temperature (°C)

es
it

150

200 250
Reference Distance (KM)

Figure 3. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during

March and April 1993.


Page 10

Water Temperature (°C)

100

Depth (M)
8
ry

Py
3
rc)

400

500

100

200

Depth (M)

300

400

500

oO 50 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Reference Distance (KM)

Figure 6. Water-column thermal structure (degrees Celsius) along the Middle Atlantic Bight transect during
September and October 1993. .