### 2 

# R EGISTRATION 

# R EVIEW 

# E COLOGICAL 

# R ISK 

# A SSESSMENT



# P ROBLEM 

# F ORMULATION FOR 

# : 

# Amitraz

N N N C H

3 

### CH 3 

### C H

3 

### CH 3



### CH 3



### P REPARED 

### B Y 

### : Brian Anderson, RAPL Iwona Maher, Chemist Environmental Risk Branch 1



### A PPROVED 

### B Y 

### : Nancy Andrews, Branch Chief Environmental Risk Branch 1 Environmental Fate and Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs

### 3 

## Table of Contents

1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................... ...............4 2. NATURE OF RERULATORY ACTION ...........................................................................4 3. STRESSOR SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................5 3.1. Stressor Identification ............................................................................................5 3.2. Use Characterization ..............................................................................................5 4. PREVIOUS ECOLOGIAL ASSESSEMNTS .....................................................................9 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOSYS TEMS POTENTIALLY AT RISK ...........................9 6. ASSESSMENT ENDPOINTS...........................................................................................10 7. CONCEPTUAL MODEL..................................................................................................10 7.1. Risk Hypothesis....................................................................................................10 7.2. Potential Exposure Pathways ...............................................................................10 8. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS ................................................................................................11 8.1. Summary of Regist rant-Submitted Data ..............................................................11 8.2. Open Literature Data............................................................................................13 8.3. Incident Reports ...................................................................................................14 8.4. Endocrine Disruption Potential ............................................................................14 9. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EX POSURE CHARACTERISTICS .........................15 10. DRINKING WATER ASSESSMENT..............................................................................17 11. ANALYSIS PLAN ............................................................................................................18 11.1. Stressors of Concern ..........................................................................................18 11.2. Measures of Exposure........................................................................................18 11.3. Measures of Effect .............................................................................................19 11.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects ..................................................................20 11.5. Endangered Species ...........................................................................................21 12. ANTICIPATED DATA NEEDS .......................................................................................21 12.1. Guideline Data Requirements............................................................................21 12.2. OTHER INFORMATION NEEDS ...................................................................22

### 4 

## 1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this problem formulation is to provide the foundation for the ecological risk assessment that EPA will conduct on amitraz. As such, it articulates the purpose and objectives of the risk assessment, evaluates the nature of the problem, and provides a plan for analyzing the data and characterizing risk (EPA, 1998). This pr oblem formulation describes the available data relevant to analyzing the envi ronmental fate and ecotoxicity of amitraz. Additionally, it identifies data gaps and defines additional studies that must be submitted to the Agency to fulfill those gaps. The problem formul ation also discusses the Agency ’s plan for characterizing the environmental fate, assessing the ecological risks, includ ing the potential harm to threatened and endangered species, and assessing potential risk s to drinking water asso ciated with current registered uses of amitraz. Finally, this pr oblem formulation describes uncertainties and assumptions that the Agency plans to use to addr ess those uncertainties in the characterization of ecological risk associated with the registered uses of amitraz.



## 2. NATURE OF REGULATORY ACTION

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 mandate d the EPA to implement a new program for assessing the risks of pes ticides, registration review ( http://www.epa.gov/oppsrr d1/registration_review/ ). All pesticides dist ributed or sold in the United States generally must be re gistered by EPA. The decision to register a pesticide is based on the consideration of scientific data and other factors showing th at it will not cause unreasonable risks to human health, workers, or the environment when used as directed on product labeling. The registration re view program is intended to en sure that, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policie s and practices change, all regist ered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no unreasonabl e adverse effects to human health and the environment. Changes in science, public policy, and pesticide use practices will occur over time. Through the new registration review program, the Ag ency periodically reeval uates pesticides to ensure that as change occurs, products in the marketplace can be used safely.

As part of the implementation of the new Regist ration Review program purs uant to Section 3(g) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungi cide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Agency is beginning its evaluation to determine whether amitraz continues to meet the FIFRA standard for registration. The Agency has prepared this problem formula tion for inclusion in the initial docket opening, which begins the public phase of the review process.

### 5 

## 3. STRESSOR SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION

3.1. Stressor Identification

The source of the stressor considered is amitraz [N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-[[(2,4- dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-N- methylmethanimidamide] inse cticide/miticide (PC Code 106201) and amitraz degradates containing the 2,4- dimethylaniline moiety (2,4-DMA moiety). Amitraz was first registered in 1975. The insecticid e belongs in the formamidine chemical class. It is a contact insecticide. Other chemicals in this class include chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, and chlormebuform.

3.2. Use Characterization

Currently, there are registered uses on beef a nd dairy cattle, and swine for tick, mite and lice management. The amitraz product with these uses is registered to Interv et, Inc., under the trade name Taktic® (EC 12.5%). Taktic® can be applied to cattle and swine via spray dip machine or low-pressure hand spray wand. In addition, Taktic® may be used to treat the walls and surfaces of swine houses.

Amitraz is also used to treat ticks on dogs via amitraz-impregnate d dog collars and amitrazmetaflumizone dog spot-on treatment. Virbac AH, Inc. currently holds the registrations for two dog collars: the 18” and 25” Preventic tick coll ar IFC. Fort Dodge Animal Health holds registration for amitraz-m etaflumizone ProMeris TM 

### spot-on treatment for dogs. ProMeris includes a second active ingredient metaflumizone (14.34% a.i.).

Details regarding the applica tion methods for cattle, swine, and dogs are included below. Information in the Agency’s Label Use and Informa tion System (LUIS) is included in Tables 1A and 1B. Additional information included on the pr oduct labels is summarized in Table 1C.

Beef and Dairy Cattle (Taktic® EC 12.5%)

• Pests

o TICKS AND LICE

 Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma amer icanum), Gulf Coast Tick (A. maculatum), Winter Tick (Dermacen tor albipictus), Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), American Dog Tick (D. variabilis), Rocky Mountain Wood Tick (D. andersoni), Sp inose Ear Tick (Otobius megnini), Black-legged Tick (Ixodes scapul aris), Tropical Bont Tick (A. variegatum), Cayenne Tick (A. caj ennense), Cattle Tick (Boophilus annulatus), Southern Cattle Tick (B. microplus), Biting Louse (Damalinia bovis), Sucking Lice (Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus)

o Mites :

 Scab and Mange Mites (Chorioptes bovis, Psoroptes ovis and Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis)

### 6 • Application Method : Spray or spray dip machine

• Application Rate : Depends on pest

o Ticks, Lice: Mix one can (760 mL of fo rmula, 95 mL a.i.) in 100 gallons of water; spray up to 2 gallons per animal (1.9 mL a.i./animal).

o Mites: Mix one can (760 mL of formula, 95 mL a.i.) in 50 gallons of water; spray up to 2 gallons per animal (3.8 mL a.i./animal).

• No. of Applications : For control of lice, a second treatment is recommended 10-14 days later; to kill lice hatching from eggs, while for control of cattle scabies, two 7-10 days apart treatments are recommende d. In all instances, it is recommended that the spray penetrate to the skin of the animal until run-off.

Swine (Taktic® EC 12.5%)

• Pests: Mange Mite and Louse (Sarcoptes scab iei var. suis and Haematopinus suis)

• Application Method : Spray or spray dip (piglets and weaners)

• Application Rate : Mix one can (760 mL of formula, 95 mL a.i.) in 50 gallons of water. Spray until the solution runs off (no maximum volume is given). All animals should be treated at the same time, and walls, floor, and fittings in the pen shoul d all be treated.

• No. of Applications : Two applications, 7 to 10 days apart are recommended; no more than 4 treatments per year.

Dog Collars (Preventic dog collar, 9% amitraz)

• Pests: Ticks

• Application Method : Collar

• Application Rate : Variable – 18.5 grams per collar (1.67 grams a.i.) for dogs up to 60 lbs and 27.5 grams (2.5 grams a.i.) for dogs over 60 lbs.

• No. of Applications : One collar lasts up to 90 days

Dog Spot on Treatments ( ProMeris TM 

### , 14.34% amitraz)

• Pests: Ticks, lice, mites, and fleas

• Application Method : Spot on

• 

### Application Rate : Variable based on body weight Mass Applied Dog size 0.023 fl oz <11 lbs 0.045 11 to 22 lbs 0.113 22 to 55 lbs 0.180 55 to 88 lbs 0.225 88 to 110 lbs 

### No. of Applications : Once monthly

All registered uses of amitraz in beehives have been cance lled, along with the voluntary cancellation of amitraz agricultural use on cott on and pears in the U.S (May 3, 2006). A summary of currently approved amitraz uses is included in Ta bles 1A, 1B, and 1C. The enduse labels included in Table 1C will be included in this registration review assessment.7Table 1.A. Label Data Report for Amitraz, Current as of date: April 7, 2009.Use GroupIndoor UseGroup Acpt Date %AIFormCode Product Name TypeBEEF/RANGE/FEEDER CATTLE (MEAT) FOOD 8/28/2002 12.5EC TAKTIC E.C. Animal treatment (spray-dip)BEEF/RANGE/FEEDER CATTLE (MEAT) FOOD 8/28/2002 12.5 EC TAKTIC E.C. Animal treatment (spray)DAIRY CATTLE (LACTATING OR UNSPECIFIED) FOOD 8/28/200212.5 EC TAKTIC E.C. Animaltreatment (spray-dip)DAIRY CATTLE (LACTATING OR UNSPECIFIED) FOOD 8/28/2002 12.5 EC TAKTIC E.C. Animal treatment (spray)DOGS/CANINES (ADULTS/PUPPIES) RESIDENT. 10/23/2007 9 IC/T PREVENTIC Animal treatment (collar)DOGS/CANINES (ADULTS/PUPPIES) RESIDENT. 12/22/2008 14.34 RTU PROMERIS Animal treatmentHOG/PIG/SWINE (MEAT) FOOD 8/28/2002 12.5 EC TAKTIC E.C. Animal treatment (spray)HOG/PIG/SWINE (MEAT) FOOD 8/28/2002 12.5 EC TAKTIC E.C. Enclosed premise treatmentTable 1.B. Continue Label Data Report for Amitraz Current as of date: April 7, 2009.Crop/SiteMax AppRate QtyMax AppRate Unit /AreaMax # Apps/ CropCycleMax #Apps /YearSeason.Max Dose /YearMinRetreatment EquipmentBEEF/RANGE/FEEDER CATTLE (MEAT) 0.0075 lb animal 2 NS NS 7 Spray-dip machineBEEF/RANGE/FEEDER CATTLE (MEAT) 0.0075 lb animal 2 NS NS 10 SprayerDAIRY CATTLE (LACTAT. OR UNSP.) 0.0075 lb animal 2 NS NS 7 Spray-dip machineDAIRY CATTLE (LACTAT. OR UNSP.) 0.0075 lb animal 2 NS NS 10 SprayerDOGS/CANINES (ADULTS/PUPPIES) 0.0055 lb animal NS NS NS 90 By handDOGS/CANINES (ADULTS/PUPPIES) 0.0023 lb animal NS NS NS 30 Applicator tipHOG/PIG/SWINE (MEAT) 0.1882 lb/50 gal 2 4/1yr NS 7 Low pressure ground sprayerHOG/PIG/SWINE (MEAT) 0.1882 lb/50 gal 2 4/1yr NS 7 Low pressure ground sprayerAccording to the label, timing of application is when needed.

### 8 Table 1C. Summary of Active Amitraz Labels Lable No. Uses Directions Comments 2382-104 Dog Collar

-- 9% amitraz formulation; 18” and 25” collars; 18” collars weigh 18.5 grams, 25” collars weigh 27.5 grams; label indicates that the product is effective for 90 days 54382-3 Beef and dairy cattle, pigs Mix one can (760 mL) into 50 to 100 gallons of water. Apply up to 2 gallons of diluted mixture per animal. A second treatment 7 to 14 days later is recommended (2 applications are required for control of scabies). 12.5% amitraz by weight; may be applied by hand sprayer or spray dip machine. For treatment of pigs, the entire pen is treated, and there is no guidance regarding the maximum amount of solution needed to treat each animal, except that to treat to runoff, and not to exceed 2 gallons per a fully-grown animal. Pi gs cannot be treated more than 4 times per year. 80490-2 Spot treatment on dogs Apply the following amount of formulation for various sized dogs: Mass Applied Dog size 0.023 fl oz <11 lbs 0.045 11 to 22 lbs 0.113 22 to 55 lbs 0.180 55 to 88 lbs 0.225 88 to 110 lbs Product is applied monthly



### According to the available USDA NASS data from 1999 to 2006, the use of amitraz on dairy cattle potentially increased, and potentially decr eased on swine. Table 2 presents USDA NASS use data for amitraz.

Table 2. Amitraz Usage on Livestock, 1999-2006 (USDA NASS 1 

### )

Livestock Year Total Pounds AI Rate per Head per Application (Pounds) 2 Rate per Head per Year (Pounds) 2

2001 100 0.003 0.008 Dairy Cattle 2006 400 0.008 0.018 1999 12,260 0.004 0.018 Swine 2005 637 0.002 0.005 Swine Cattle Facilities 1999 248 n/a n/a

1 - Source: USDA NASS: Agricultural Chemical Usage, Dairy Cattle and Dairy Facilities, 2001 & 2006 USDA NASS: Agricu ltural Chemical Usage, Swine and Swine Facilities, 2000 & 2006

2 - Note: The rates per head per application and yea r were converted from grams to pounds



### According to Kline & Company, the primary propr ietary source for non-agricultural data, there are no recent data available for use of amitraz on dogs. However, an old flea and tick study (Kline & Company, Inc., 1996-1997 1 

### ) indicates that 4,000 lb of the active ingredient were used in a $66 million flea and tick collar market for dogs. In 2000, the market was down to $49 million or 25%, so assuming the same relative product use, estimated amitraz use would be about

1 Kline & Company, Inc. The U.S. Market for Flea and Ti ck Control Products in Companion Animal Protection. 1996-1997

### 9 3,000 lbs of a.i/year. Kline speculates that the numb er is considerably less now as flea and tick collar sales have declined.



## 4. PREVIOUS ECOLOGIAL ASSESSEMNTS

The risk assessment available in the docket, which serves as the basis for this problem formulation, includes the following:

• January 11, 1994 EFED Summary Reregi stration Eligibility Document for Amitraz (List A, Case #0234). This assessmen t evaluated primarily ecological risks from agricultural uses, which are no longer labeled uses for amitraz. Current uses (livestock and pet collars) were not assessed in the RED and were assumed to pose negligible risks relative to other assessed uses. Only ag ricultural uses were evaluated for potential ecological risks. No other ecological risk assessments have been conducted after the 1995 RED.



## 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOSYS TEMS POTENTIALLY AT RISK

The ecosystems potentially at risk are often extensive in scope; therefore, it may not be possible to identify specific ecosystems during the deve lopment of a nation-wide ecological risk assessment. However, in general terms, terrest rial ecosystems potentially at risk could include the treated field and immediately adjacent areas that may receive drift or runoff. However, drift is considered to be negligible or non-exist ent for the current uses of amitraz due to the application methods to livestock or pets. Ar eas adjacent to the treated areas could include cultivated fields, fencerows and hedgerows, mead ows, fallow fields or grasslands, woodlands, riparian habitats, and other uncultivated areas.

Aquatic ecosystems potentially at risk include wa ter bodies adjacent to, or downstream from, the treated areas and might include impounded bodies such as ponds, lakes and reservoirs, or flowing waterways such as stream s or rivers. For uses in coasta l areas, aquatic habitat also includes marine ecosystems, including estuaries. Aquatic areas could also include areas where treated cattle or pets are present in the water.

However, current amitraz uses are limited to treatment on dogs, cattle, swine and swine houses. Amitraz is not labeled for use to protect any agricultural commodity other than the aforementioned animals. Therefore, the ecosystem s potentially at risk are somewhat limited to areas in close proximity to livestock operati ons or where amitraz may be removed from pet collars or as a result of spot treatment on dogs.

### 10 

## 6. ASSESSMENT ENDPOINTS

Assessment endpoints are defined as “explicit expressions of the actual envir onmental value that is to be protected.” Assessment endpoints represen t the actual environmental value that is to be protected, defined by an ecological entity (species , community, or other entity) and its attribute or characteristics (EPA 1998). Ecol ogical entities include terrestri al and aquatic organisms. The attributes for each of these entities include growth, reproduction, and survival. Specific assessment endpoints for amitraz are reported in Section 6.



## 7. CONCEPTUAL MODEL

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it mu st reach ecological receptors in biologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a pesticide moves in the environment from a source to an ecological recepto r. For an ecological pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, an d a feasible route of exposure.

The conceptual model for amitraz provides a writte n description of the predicted relationships between amitraz, potential routes of exposure, and the predicted effects for the assessment endpoint. A conceptual model consists of tw o major components: risk hypothesis and a conceptual diagram (USEPA 1998).

7.1. Risk Hypothesis

A risk hypothesis describes the predicted re lationship among the stre ssor, exposure, and assessment endpoint response along with the rati onale for their selection. For amitraz, the following ecological risk hypothesi s is being employed for this national-level ecological risk
assessment:

Amitraz, when used in accordance with curren t labels may result in adverse effects upon the survival, growth, and reproduction of non- target terrestrial and aquatic organisms. These nontarget organisms include Federall y-listed threatened and endangered species.

7.2. Potential Exposure Pathways

Amitraz is labeled only for use on domestic animal s, livestock, and livestock houses. Therefore, potential exposures to non-target organisms are expected to be limited to the following exposure
routes:

Aquatic Organisms:

• Exposure via runoff of overspray material;

### 11 • Exposure via runoff of material applied to anim als and subsequently either (1) washes off the animal onto the ground; or (2) is excret ed onto the ground with urine or feces; and

• Exposure via washoff from treated li vestock directly into water;

• Spray drift is presumably negligible

Terrestrial organisms

• Consumption of food items (e.g., grasses, ins ects) contaminated via direct over spray;

• Consumption of food items contam inated via urine or feces; and

• Consumption of target organisms (pests for wh ich amitraz is intended to control) directly from the livestock.



## 8. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Effects on receptors will be evaluated using to xicology data derived from laboratory studies testing the effects of am itraz and its degradates to animal s and plants. Since amitraz readily degrades, toxicity data on the de gradates will also be considered. Toxicity data will be obtained from studies submitted by the pesticide registrant according to the Agency’s test guidelines. Data from studies published in the open literatu re also will be used to supplement data from registrant-submitted studies. Open literature data will be used when the registrant-submitted data are inadequate and when the data yields lo wer toxicity endpoints than does comparable registrant-submitted data for the same taxa. The Agency’s ECOTOX database (http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox) will be used to identify published pa pers that provide ecotoxicity data on amitraz.

No data have been submitted that evaluated the toxi city of amitraz to aquatic or terrestrial plants. These studies are considered da ta gaps (see Section 12).

8.1. 

### Summary of Registrant-Submitted Data

Registrant-submitted studies that the Agency plans to use for the ecological risk assessment are summarized in Table 3 below. Additional in formation on registrant-submitted studies is included in Appendix 2. In addition, a number of open literature studies were located that will also be considered. Open literature data that met acceptability criteria for ECOTOX are included in Appendix 3.

A number of studies have also been submitted on formulated products and on two degradates of concern. Data requirements were also placed on two major degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz because of their potentia l increased toxicity when compar ed to the pare nt compound. Testing was not required for othe r degradates (i.e. BTS 24868) as the available toxicity data demonstrated that they were less toxic than the parent compound.

### 12 Table 3. Ecological Effects Data the Agency Pl ans to Use for Risk Estimation on Amitraz (Other Effects Data are Included in Appendix 2 and 3) Taxonimic Group Type of Effect Species Toxicity Reference Value Data Source (MRID) Comment

Acute LD50 Bobwhite Quail 788 mg/kg-bw 00030451 Acceptable study

Dietary LC50 Japanese Quail 1800 mg/kg-diet 0003 0453 Acceptable study Birds

Reproduction Toxicity Bobwhite Quail and Mallard Duck NOAEC: 25 mg/kgdiet 42336001, and 42336002 Acceptable study. The NOAEC was 25 mg/kg-diet based on reductions in viable embryos/eggs set at 50.5 ppm ai in bobwhite quail and based on growth effects at 50.5 ppm ai. in mallard ducks. Acute LD50 Rat 515 mg/kg- bw 00041539 Acceptable study Mammals Reproduction NOAEL Rat 1.5 mg/kg-bw 00029962 Supplemental data. The LOAEL was 4.8 mg/kg-bw. Acute LC50 Bluegill Sunfish 0.34 mg/L 40798001 Acceptable study Fish

Early Life Stage NOAEC Fathead minnow 1.5 ug/L 41288702 LOAEC was 2.7 ug/L based on reduced length Acute EC50 Daphnia
magna 35 ug/L RIOAMI01, As cited in the RED Acceptable study Aquatic Invertebrates

Life-cycle NOAEC Daphnia
magna 1.1 ug/L 41288701 An aquatic invertebrate lifecycle test performed with Daphnia magna shows a significant reduction in growth and fecundity at > 2.21 ppb. Saltwater Fish Acute LC50 Sheepshead Minnow >2400 ug/L 40780507 Acceptable study

Acute LC50 Atlantic Oyster 850 ug/L RIOAMI02, as cited in the RED Acceptable study Saltwater Invertebrates

Acute LC50 Mysid shrimp 480 ug/L 40780510 Study tested a 20% a.i. formulated product Terrestrial Invertebrates Acute Contact LD50 Apis mellifera >100 ug/bee 00074486 Several field studies have also reported low toxicity



### Studies submitted on degradates of concern are summarized in Table 4. Only studies that showed similar or greater toxicity are included in 

### the table. The data indicate that the degradates are typically less toxic to non-target organisms than parent amitr az. However, BTS 27271 has been shown to be more toxic than parent amitraz to birds. Additional details on regist rant-submitted studies and a summary of additional studies on degrad ates are included in Appendix 2.

### 13 Table 4. Ecological Effects Data the Agency Plans to Use for Risk Estimation on Amitraz Degradates (Other Effects Data are Included in Appendix 2 and 3) Taxonimic Group Type of Effect Species Toxicity Reference Value Data Source (MRID) Comment

Dietary LC50 Bobwhite 1276 mg/kg-diet 42124604 BTS 27271 was tested. Birds Reproduction NOAEC Mallard Duck 5 mg/kg-diet 42797802 BTS 27271 was tested. The specific effects noted were significant increases at the 25 ppm test level in the total number of eggs cracked and in the number of eggs cracked as a percentage of eggs laid.



### 8.2. Open Literature Data

The open literature studies are identified th rough EPA’s ECOTOXicology (ECOTOX) database, which employs a literature search engine for lo cating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. ECOTOX was cr eated and is maintained by the USEPA, Office of Research and Development, and the Nationa l Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Mid-Contin ent Ecology Division.

A number of studies were located in the open literature on amitraz and its degradates. These studies are identified in Appendix 3. These studies have not yet been reviewed by the Agency. However, studies that are considered to be reliable may be used in place of registrant-submitted studies to calculate RQs or they may be used to provide further characterization of toxicity such as identification of sublethal e ffects or identificati on of studies on taxonomic groups not included in guideline studies such as amphi bians and reptiles. Table 5 belo w lists studies identified in the open literature to date that provide either more sensitive endpoints than registrant-submitted studies or that report endpoint s on taxonomic groups not included in guideline toxicity studies. These studies, along with any other studies identified to be potentia lly useful in risk assessment, will be further evaluated to determine if they are suitable for risk estimation. Other studies may also be used to further describe potential risks to non-target organisms. Studies may also be identified in the future that may also be considered for use.

Table 5. Studies identified in the open litera ture to date that provide either more sensitive endpoints than registrant-submitted studies or th at report endpoints on taxonomic groups not included in guideline toxicity studies Ecotox

No. Author Title Journal Year Potential Use

65872 Osano O;Oladimeji AA;Kraak MHS;Admiraal W; Teratogenic Effe cts of Amitraz, 2,4-Dimethylaniline, and Paraquat on Developing Frog (Xenopus) Embryos Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43(1): 42-49 2002 Studied effects on amphibians

64900 Santiago GP;OteroColina G;Sanchez DM;Guzman MER;Vandame R; Comparing Effects of Three Acaricides on Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Using Two Application Techniques Fla Entomol 83(4): 468-476 2000 Study may provide sensitive endpoint on bees

### 14 112076 Jones WA;Wolfenbarger DA;Kirk AA; Response of Adult Parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) to Leaf Residues of Selected Cotton Insecticides Entomophaga40(2): 153-162 1995 Study may provide sensitive endpoint on terrestrial invertebrates



### 8.3. Incident Reports

The Agency reviews and records all wildlife mortality incidents reported i ndependently or under 6a2 provisions of FIFRA regarding use of pesticid es or pesticide mixtur es. These incidents are reported to the Agency by a variety of sources including registrants, pr ivate organizations and local, state, or federal agencies. Incidents are collected and stored in the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS; USEPA 2007 c ). The EIIS is a database containing data from reported incidents of adverse field effect (typically mo rtality) on non-target organi sms where such effects have been associated with the use of pesticides.

No ecological incidents have been reported to the Agency for currently labeled uses as of November 16, 2009. However, numerous incidents have been reported on amitraz use in apiaries associated with bee mo rtalities. This use is no longer a labeled use. The lack of reported incidents does not necessarily mean th at no incidents have occurred, only that none have been reported the Agency.

8.4. Endocrine Disruption Potential

EPA is required under the FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances (includi ng all pesticide active a nd other ingredients) “may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate.” Following the recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC), EPA determined that there were scie ntific bases for including, as part of the program, androgen and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA also adopted EDSTAC’s recommendation that the Program include ev aluations of potential effects in wildlife. When the appropriate scr eening and/or testing prot ocols being considered under the Agency’s Endocrine Disrupter Screeni ng Program (EDSP) have been developed and vetted, amitraz may be subjected to additional sc reening and/or testing to better characterize effects related to endocrine disruption. For furt her information on the status of the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program please visit our website: http://www.epa.gov/endo/

.

### 15 

## 9. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EX POSURE CHARACTERISTICS

Based on supplemental and acceptable environmenta l fate data, parent amitraz degradation is dependent on hydrolysis. The rate of hydrolysis was dependent upon solution pH; the hydrolysis rate was inversely related to th e pH of the medium. Amitraz hydrol ysis was faster in slightly acidic environments (t1⁄2 = 2 hours) than in alka line environments (t1⁄2 = 25.5 hours). In aerobic mineral soil, parent amitraz had a half-life of less than one day. The amitraz degradates formed during aerobic soil metabolism were as follows: BTS 27271 (13%), BTS 27919 (35%), BTS 24868 (13%), and CO 2 

### (35%). Similarly, parent amitraz had a field dissipation half-life of less than a day. Parent amitraz, therefore, appears to be extremely unstable in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, while its degradates are more persistent.

The amitraz degradates, BTS 27271, and BTS 27919, are formed through hydrolytic degradation of parent amitraz (Figure 1, Table 1 and 2; A ppendix 1). Based on supplemental data, in an aerobic aquatic test system pa rent amitraz rapidly dissipated (t1⁄2 = 1.4-3.2 hours) to form 2,4- dimethylformanilide (BTS 27919) and N-2,4-dimethylphenyl-N-methylformamidine (BTS 27271). These degradates were more persistent than parent amitraz; for example, the half-lives of BTS 27919 and BTS 27271 were estimated at 9 to 21 days, and 6 to 53 days, respectively. The degradates, BTS 27919 and BTS 27271, hydrolyzed to form 2,4- dimethylaniline (BTS 24868) and BTS 28037. Thereafter, BTS 24868 and BTS 28037 were slowly mineralized (t1⁄2 = 28 days) with subsequent residue incorpor ation into nonlabile (bound) organic matter. In the field studies, the rate of degradate dissipation half-life ranged from 17 to 130 days for BTS 27271 and BTS 27919. Additionally, there was no evidence of degrad ate leaching in field dissipation or field rotational crop accumulation studies.

The mobility of amitraz and its degradates can be addressed by product chemistry and environmental fate data. Parent amitraz has a high log Kow 5.5 and hence should sorb to soil. In contrast, BTS 27919 and BTS 27271 have low log Ko w's ( <1.63) and hence should not sorb to soil as well as parent amitraz. These degrad ates, however, are secondary amines. Secondary amines have high dissociation constants pKa (9.3 to 14.1) and therefore are protonated, or act as a cation, in normal environmental conditions. Th erefore, the amitraz degradates, BTS 27271 and BTS 27919, may be sorbed to soil by electros tatic attraction. The Hazardous Substances Database (HSDB) (http://www.toxnet.nlm.nih.gov ) reported a Koc of 1,000. In addition, HSDB summarized Freundlich adsorption coefficients of 1.69 in a Shelby sandy loam soil, 3.01 in a Spencer sand, 89.13 in a Terling clay and 16.31 in a Shelford clay. The Estimation Program Interface (EPI) (Mylan, 2000) estimated a Koc as high as 64,000. Finally, amitraz has a reported pKa of 4.2 (HSDB) which suggest that it will pa rtially exist in the protonated form in the environment, which, as a cation, would ge nerally adsorb strongly to soils.

Aged soil column leaching studies indicate lim ited mobility of BTS 27919 and BTS 27271; less than 1% of the applied amitraz leached below the application zone (15 cm); and less than 5% of applied amitraz was detected in leachate samples. The residues in the leachate samples were polar compounds. The registrant believes the labe led residue in leachate samples may be 14Ccarbonate ions. In field studies, there were no amitraz residues found deep er than the 0-15 cm soil sampling depth. The reported data suggest th at amitraz and its degradates should not be mobile in soil.

### 16 Amitraz is very unstable in aquatic environmen ts, fish accumulation studies indicate parent amitraz bioaccumulation factors (BCF's) for the viscera, flesh, carcess, and whole body were 1821X, 588X, 1838X, 1333X respectively. The accu mulated amitraz residues (amitraz, BTS 27271, BTS 27919, and BTS 24868) were eliminated after a 14 day depuration period. The bioaccumulation factor for BTS 27919 and BTS 27271 was estimated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.76 log Kow -0.23. The predicted bioaccumulation factors for BTS 27919 and BTS 27271 were 0.14 and 10.2, respectively.

Parent amitraz appears not to volatilize from soil surfaces under a range of environmental conditions (MRID 40780518), while amitraz degradat e, 2,4- dimethylaniline (BTS 24868), is shown to be volatile. Chemical and environmenta l fate properties of amitr az and its degradates are presented in the Table 6. The maximum reported amounts of amitraz degradation products formation in various studies are provided in Table 2, Appendix 1.

Table 6. Chemical and environmental fate properties of amitraz and amitraz degradates.

Chemical/Fate Parameter Value(s) * Source (MRID)

Molecular Formula C 19 H 23 N 3 Molecular weight (MW) (g/mol) 293.4 Melting point 86-87 oC
Vapor pressure (VP) (mm Hg; at 25 ° C) Amitraz: 2.6 x 10 -6
BTS 27271: 9 x 10 -4
BTS 27919: 2.6 x 10 -5
BTS 24868: 0.2 MRID 40780518

Water solubility (mg/L; at 25 ° C) Amitraz: 0.094 mg/L BTS 27271: 99.2 g/L BTS 27919: 680 mg/L MRID 42124620

Octanol/water partition coefficient ( K OW ) Amitraz: 3 x 10 5 (log K OW = 5.5) BTS 27271: 0.1472

BTS 27919: 43.1 MRID 42124620

Proton Dissociation Constant (pKa) Amitraz: 4.2 BTS 27271: 9.3 BTS 27919: 14.1 MRID 42124620

Amitraz Hydrolysis half-lives (hours) 2 hrs (pH 5) 22.1 hrs (pH 7) 25.5 hrs (pH 9) MRID 40780512

BTS 27271 Hydrolysis half-lives (days) stable (2800 days; pH 5) 14 days (pH 7) 5.1 hrs (pH 9) MRID 42124616

BTS 27919 Hydrolysis half-lives (days) stable (2,280 days; pH 5) stable (14,500 days; pH 7)

stable (496 days; pH 9) MRID 42124617

Photodegradation in water half-lives ~ 4 days (95 hrs) 43 hrs to260 hrs MRID 41206703 MRID 40780513

### 17 Soil photolysis half-life < 30 min MRID 40780514

Aerobic soil metabolism half-life (days; at 25 ° C) Amitraz < 1 day BTS 27271 – 67 and 82 days BTS 27919 – 61 and 117 days MRIDs: 40798003 and 42124620

Aerobic Aquatic metabolism half-life in total system (hrs/days): Amitraz ≤ 6 hrs BTS 27271 – 6 to 53 days BTS 27919 – 9 to 21 days BTS 24868 about 28 days MRIDs: 42124618, 41444205, and 42124622

Soil-to-water adsorption partition coefficients (K ads ) (soil texture; 1/n) 1.69 (Shelby loamy sand; 0.53) 3.01 (Speyer sand; 0.76) 89.13 (Terling clay loam; 1.22) 16.31 (Shelford Field clay; 0.75) MRIDs: 41206704 and 40780515

Terrestrial field dissipation half-life (days) Amitraz << 1 day BTS 27271 – 100 and 110 days BTS 27919 – 130 and 150 days Total residues – 450 days

BTS 27271 – 30 days (CA) BTS 27919 – 17 days (CA) BTS 27271 – 70 days (FL) BTS 27919 – 65 days (FL) MRID 40798004 (Sandy clay loam soil, located in grapefruit orchard, treatment with 20% EC, Cameron, Texas, USA, 1983/84)

MRID 41637301 (Following application of OVASYN to Fresno, CA, and Cantonment, FL, cotton, 1986/87)

Fish bioconcentration (bluegill sunfish) 588x (flesh) 1821x (viscera) 1838x (carcass) 1333x (whole fish) MRID 41444206

1 Calculated according to USEPA 2002 b by: (VP *MW)÷(760*solubility). * unless otherwise specified, all reported values are for parent amitraz



## 10. DRINKING WATER ASSESSMENT

It is unlikely that amitraz will contaminate drinki ng water due to its short half-life in soil and aquatic environment. According to HED, am itraz is not mutagenic, however, it forms a mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite, 2,4 dimethyl aniline. Therefore, the residues of concern for enforcement purposes are amitraz and its me tabolites containing the 2,4-dimethylaniline moiety (2,4-DMA moiety). Amitraz degradat es containing the 2,4-DMA moiety (BTS 27271, BTS BTS 27919, BTS 24818) are more persistent in soil and aquatic environment than the parent. Therefore, if needed, the drinking wate r assessment will incorporate estimates of amitraz and its degradates containing the 2,4-DMA moie ty, as the total residue, in surface and ground water (see Figure 1, Appendix 1). Concentrations in surface water would then be estimated using FIRST, or PRZM/EXAMS, if the appropriate IR scenario is availa ble. Concentration of amitraz in ground water would be established using SCI-GROW. Exposure estimates of drinking water contamination with amitraz and its degradates via di fferent pathways, if applicable, would be made using the same a ssumptions as those identified for the aquatic exposures assessment (refer to se ction 5.2). All modeling input parameters would reflect EFED’s current modeling guidance requir ements, and the total amitraz residue half-lives would be estimated based on the formation and decline cu rves from the indivi dual laboratory studies. Additional mobility studies (batch equilibrium) are needed in order to fully assess the mobility of amitraz transformation products in ground and surface water.

### 18 The drinking water assessment would also in clude, if available, surface and ground water monitoring data, with consideratio n of changes in amitraz use pattern as some agricultural uses were canceled since the TRED wa s completed. States are encouraged to submit monitoring data for review, if such are availabl e. In addition, comments are re quested to provide insight on how much amitraz is used on swine and cattle f acilities and how the used dip, and rinsate from treating the walls and floor s of swine houses are disposed of thereafter.

The latest drinking water assessment was conducted in 2004 (Amitraz: Drinking Water Assessment for Tolerance Reassessment Eligib ility Decision, dated February, 11 2004 and Revised Amitraz Drinking Water Assessment for Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision (TRED), dated May 1, 2004). In this assessmen t, three “what-if” exposure scenarios were assessed for estimating drinking water concentr ations of amitraz. Those three exposure scenarios included a “bounding” esti mate of exposure, a “high-end” estimate of exposure, and a “typical” estimate of exposure. The peak esti mated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) of amitraz ranged from 5 μg/L (the “bounding” scenar io) to 0.1 μg/L (the “t ypical” scenario), and the annual average estimated drinking water conc entrations of amitraz ranged from 0.04 μg/L (the “bounding” scenario) to 0.0006 μg/L (the “typical” scenario) in surface water. The estimated concentrations of amitraz in ground wate r were lower by factor of ten thousands when compare to peak surface water concentrations. In this assessment, it was concluded that the “typical” scenario may represent the most pr obable use scenario and would likely exceed monitoring data on an annual average basis. Amitraz degradation products were not modeled, and the EDWCs of amitraz were not used in the dietary risk assessment.



## 11. ANALYSIS PLAN

11.1. Stressors of Concern

Amitraz degrades relatively rapidly (hours to days) to several degradates. Two major degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz have been identified as degradates of concern because of their potential increased toxicity when compared to the pa rent compound. A suite of toxicity studies has been submitted on these degradates. Therefore, risks from parent chemical and the two degradates of concern will be evaluated.

11.2. Measures of Exposure

In order to address the risk hypot hesis, the potential for adverse effects on the environment is estimated. The use, environmental fate, and ec ological effects of amitr az are characterized and integrated to assess the risks. This is accomp lished using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure concentration to effects concentr ation) approach. Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and magnitude of adverse ecological effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not provide a quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. However, as outlined in the Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the likelihood of effects to individual organisms from particular uses of amitraz is estimated us ing the probit dose-respons e slope and either the level of concern (discussed below) or actual calculated risk quotient value.

### 19 This analysis plan will be revisited and may be revise d depending upon the information submitted by the public in response to the opening of the Registration Review docket for amitraz.

In Registration Review, pesticide ecological ri sk assessments normally follow the Agency’s Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, are cons istent with the paper titled “Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Offi ce of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency” (“Overview Document”) (J anuary, 2004), and are done in accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act.

For the labeled amitraz uses, there are no standard procedures for evaluating potential ecological risks to non-target organisms. Therefore, standa rd models such as T-REX may not be applicable for amitraz. Therefore, EFED will evaluate potential exposures using assumptions regarding:

• How much chemical can wash off of treated animals and collars;

• Density of treated animals lo cated within a given area;

• Amount of overspray occurring at the time of topical applicati on to livestock; and

• How much chemical is excreted from treated animals.

Initial assumptions will be hi ghly conservative. For example, 100% of applied material is assumed available to non-target organisms, and a high-end livestock density will be used. If these conservative assumptions result in LOC exceed ances, then available data will be used to refine assumptions as data allow. Studies submitt ed to the Health Effects Division will be used to refine assumptions of dermal penetration and metabolism. However, if available data are not sufficient to allow for further refinement, then th e initial conservative a ssumptions will not be refined.

In addition, in the registration review risk assessment, potential outdoor uses of Taktic ® 

### product and its potential disposal into the surface water may need to be assessed, unless additional information are available excluding the possibility of outdoor use and disposal into water bodies. The Taktic ® 

### label language is not transparent regardi ng prohibiting outdoor uses for this product, and precluding disposal of used dip and remaining spray after treatment of the walls and surfaces of swine houses.

The Taktic ® 

### label does not preclude outdoor uses. Co mmonly insecticide treatment with cattle dip and spray would take place outside, while swine treatments would typically be inside. A use restrictions section indicating “For indoor and enclosed areas us e only” is recommended, if the product is not intended for outdoor use.

11.3. Measures of Effect

Ecological effects data are used as measures of di rect and indirect effects to biological receptors. Data were obtained from registrant-submitted st udies or from literature studies identified by ECOTOX. The ECOTOXicology data base (ECOTOX) was searched in order to provide more ecological effects data to bridge existing data gaps. ECOTOX is a source for locating single chemical toxicity data and potential chemical mi xture toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. ECOTOX wa s created and is maintained by the USEPA, Office of Research

### 20 and Development, and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Mid-Continent Ecology Division (USEPA 2007 a ).

Information on the potential effect s of amitraz on non-target animals is also collected from the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS; USEPA 2007 b ). The EIIS is a database containing adverse effect (typic ally mortality) reports on non-t arget organisms where such effects have been associated w ith the use of pesticides.

Where available, sublethal effects observed in both registrant-submitted and open literature studies will be evaluated qualitatively. Such effects have included behavioral changes ( e.g. , lethargy, changes in coloration a nd effects olfaction). Quantita tive assessments of risks, though, are limited to those endpoints that can be direc tly linked to the Agency’s assessment endpoints of impaired survival, growth and reproduction.

The assessment of risk for direct effects to non-target organisms makes the assumption that toxicity of amitraz to birds is similar to terre strial-phase amphibians and reptiles. The same assumption is made for fish and aquatic-phase amphibians.

The acute measures of effect used for animals in this screening-level assessment are the LD 50 

### , LC 50 

### and EC 50 

### . LD stands for "Lethal Dose", and LD 50 

### is the amount of a material, given all at once, that is estimated to cause the death of 50% of the test orga nisms. LC stands for “Lethal Concentration” and LC 50 

### is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to kill 50% of the test organisms. EC stands for “Effective Concentration” and the EC 50 

### is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to produce a specific e ffect in 50% of the test organisms. Endpoints for chronic measures of exposure for listed and non-listed animals are the NOAEL/NOAEC and NOEC. NOAEL stands for “No Observed-Adverse-E ffect-Level” and refers to the highest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have no harmful (adverse) effects on test organisms. The NOAEC ( i.e. , “No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concen tration”) is the highest test concentration at which none of the observed effects were statistically different from the control. The NOEC is the No-Observed-Effects-Concen tration. For non-liste d plants, only acute exposures are assessed ( i.e. , EC 25 

### for terrestrial plants and EC 50 

### for aquatic plants); for listed plants, either the NOAEC or EC 05 

### is used.

In the absence of data for either acute or chroni c effects, the conservative assumption will be to presume that amitraz is toxic.

11.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects

Risk characterization is the integration of e xposure and ecological effe cts characterization to determine the potential ecological risk from the registered uses of amitr az, and the likelihood of direct and indirect effects to non-target organisms in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The exposure and toxicity effects data are integrated in order to evaluate the risks of adverse ecological effects on non-target sp ecies. For the assessment of amitraz risks, the risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare exposure and m easured toxicity values. EECs are divided by acute and chronic toxicity values . The resulting RQs are then compared to the Agency’s levels

### 21 of concern (LOCs) (USEPA 2004). These criteria are used to indicate when amitraz uses, as directed on the label, have the potential to cause adverse direct or indirect effects to non-target organisms. As noted previously, where data are lacking on the toxicity of amitraz, risk will be presumed.

The quantitative assessment of risk will primarily depend on the deterministic point-estimate based approach described above. An effort will be made to further qualitatively describe risk using probabilistic tools that the Agency has developed. These tools have been reviewed by FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panels and have be en deemed as appropriate means of refining assessments where deterministic approaches have identified risks.

11.5. Endangered Species

Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility und er the Endangered Species Act (ESA), EPA will evaluate risks to Federally-listed threatened and/ or endangered (listed) sp ecies from registered uses of amitraz. This assessment will be conduct ed in accordance with the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), provisions of the ESA, and the Services’ Endangered Species Consultation Handbook (USFWS/NMFS, 1998)

.

The assessment of effects associated with registrations of amitraz is based on an action area. The action area is considered to be the area directly or i ndirectly affected by the federal action, as indicated by the direct or indirect risks identi fied as exceeding the Agency’s Levels of Concern (LOCs). The Agency’s approach to defining the action area under th e provisions of the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004) considers the results of the risk assessment process to establish boundaries for that action area with the understandi ng that exposures below the Agency’s defined LOCs constitute a no-effect threshold. For th e purposes of this assessment, attention will be focused on the footprint of the action ( i.e. , the area where amitraz application occurs), plus all areas where offsite transport ( i.e. , spray drift, runoff, long-range atmospheric transport, etc.) may result in potential exposur e that exceeds the Agency’s LOCs. Specific measures of ecological effect that define the action area for listed species include any direct and indirect effects and/or potential modification of its critical habitat, including reduction in survival, growth, and reproduction as well as the full suite of subl ethal effects available in the effects literature. Therefore, the action area ex tends to a point where environmental exposures are below any measured lethal or sublethal effect threshold for any biological entity at the whole organism, organ, tissue, and cellula r level of organization. In situ ations where it is not possible to determine the threshold for an observed effect, the action area is not spatially limited and is assumed to be the entire United States.



## 12. ANTICIPATED DATA NEEDS

12.1. Guideline Data Requirements

All environmental fate (Table 3, Appendix 1) an d effects data requirements are fulfilled for amitraz; however, additional batch equilibrium data on amitraz degradates BTS 27271 and BTS

### 22 BTS 27919 are required to pr ovided more complete quantitative environmental fate and transport
assessment.

In addition, several data requirements have been implemented for all outdoor uses since the RED was conducted. These studies were not requir ed at the time the RED was conducted, but are current data requirements for all outdoor uses:

• Adsorption/desorption study (on BTS 27271 & BTS 27919) – Guideline 835.1230 Required for inputs to drinking water exposure models, this data will characterize the mobility of amitraz degradates and their dist ribution in the soil and water compartments.

• Acute Avian Oral, Passerine – Guideline 850.2100 No guideline data showing the acute oral toxicity to a passerine species has been submitted to the Agency. This data is now required for all pesticides with outdoor uses according to the Code of Federal Regulati ons 40 (CFR40 2007) Part 158 Subpart D (data requirements for pesticides).

• Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vi gor, Tier 1 – Guidelines 850.4100 and 850.4150 No guideline studies have been submitted to satisfy these data requirements. These studies are required for all outdoor uses.

• Aquatic Plant Toxicity St udies - Guideline 850.5400 No guideline studies have been submitted to satisfy these data requirements. These studies are required for all outdoor uses.

The registrant needs to submit either acceptable studies or acceptable data waivers to satisfy these guideline requirements.

12.2. O 

### THER I 

### NFORMATION N 

### EEDS

In addition to guideline studies, a dditional data that will be highl y useful to evaluating potential exposures to non-target orga nisms includes the following:

• Mass of amitraz per unit of volume of products

• Estimates of how much chemical may wash off of livestock and treated collars after
treatment

• Estimates of how much chemical ove rspray occurs dur ing application

• Estimates of the maximum number of animals that may be treated at any given time

• The amount of amitraz used annually in th e U.S., including the geographic/regional distribution of usage, and information on th e amount of site available for treatment, amount of site treated (indoors and outdoors) , percent of site treated and pounds a.i. applied

• The methods of amitraz used animal dip disposal practices; and

• Practices of disposal for ri nsate from treating the walls and floors of swine houses.

### 23 Without these data, the Agency will make highl y conservative assumptions to allow for an estimation of high-end exposures.

Guideline Number: 835.1230 (163-1) Test Substance: BTS 27271, BTS 27919 Title: Adsorption/desorption study (batch equilibrium) Rationale for Requiring the Data The 835.1230 test guideline requires an adsorption and desorption study using batch equilibrium method for the active ingredient, however since the active ingredient undergoes rapid hydrolysis forming BTS 27271 and BTS 27919; it is prudent to request the batch equ ilibrium study for those amitraz degradates of concern to fully characterize the potential mobility of the major transformation products. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used? Additional mobility studies (batch equilibrium) would facilitate a better understanding of the mobility of am itraz transformation products in grou nd and surface water. These data would be used to improve the certainty of the risk assessment and to conduct aquatic and drinking water risk
assessments.

How could the data impact the Ag ency’s future decision-making? If data indicate that amitraz transformation products ar e mobile in the environment, then environmental transport of amitraz degradates may be of a concern, and additional use precautions and/or restrictions may be necessary. If these data are not available, the Agency will make co nservative assumptions in the risk
assessment.

Guideline Number: 850.2100 Test Substance: Amitraz, BTS 27271, BTS 27919 Title: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity, Passerine Test Species: A passerine species, to be determined based on consultation with the Agency Rationale for Requiring the Data Acceptable acute avian oral toxicity data were submitte d for exposures of bobwhite quail and mallard duck to amitraz; however, data are not available for a passerine sp ecies, which are now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 (CFR 40 2007) data requirements for conventional pesticid es. The Part 158 data requirements specify that acute avian oral toxicity data be submitted for either mallard duck or bobwhite quail AND a passerine species. Therefore, an avian oral toxicity test is required for passerine birds, as specified in OPPTS Guideline 850.2100 ( http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-2100.pdf ).

A passerine study protocol must be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of this study. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used? Acute avian oral toxicity data for passerine species w ill be used to refine the screening-level assessment by determining whether there are differences in avian speci es sensitivity to amitraz between passerines and upland game species. Although the currently submitted data indicate that parent amitraz is slightly toxic to mallard ducks (and it’s degradates BTS 27271 is moderately toxic to the bobwhite quail and BTS 27919 is slightly toxic to the same species), the extent to which toxicity may occur in passerines is unknown.

Furthermore, these data would be used to improve the certainty of the risk assessment for nonlisted avian species, as well as for conducting refined species-specific risk a ssessments for threatened and endangered passerine species. If this oral acute toxicity data are not submitted for pa sserines, risk will be assumed for all passerine species.

How could the data impact the Ag ency’s future decision-making? Passeriformes (passerine species) is the largest order of birds in North America, including all of the species of songbirds. If passerines are more sensitive to amitraz than game birds or waterfowl, these data could change the acute risk quotients for birds.

Therefore, if future endangered species risk assessments are performed withou t these data (on passerine birds), the

### 24 Agency would have to assume that amitraz “may affect ” birds directly (and listed species from other taxa indirectly), and use of amitraz may need to be restricted in areas where listed species could be exposed. The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for amitraz uses.

Guideline Number: 850.4100 Test Substance: Amitraz, BTS 27271, BTS 27919 Title: Seedling Emergence Test Species: 10 species as included in the 850.4100 guideline Rationale for Requiring the Data Amitraz toxicity data for terrestrial plan ts are not available. Based on the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements, Tier I level non-target terrestrial plant data are required fo r insecticide end-use products at the maximum application rate. Therefore, non-target terrestrial plant seedling emergence per O PPTS Guidelines 850.4100 ( http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-4100.pdf and http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-4150.pdf ) are required for amitraz at the Tier I level to fulfill the data requirement. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used? Data from Tier I terrestrial plant seedling emergence toxi city studies will be used to estimate potential risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants associated with the use of amitraz. The data will reduce uncertainties associated with the current risk assessment fo r terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants and will improve the Agency’s understanding of the potential effects of amitraz on terrest rial and semi-aquatic plants. In the absence of Tier I data, risks for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants will be presumed.

As a result, these data would be used to characterize the ra nge of toxicity of amitraz to various nontarget terrestrial plants. These data would be used in the Agency’s quantitative risk assessment.

How could the data impact the Ag ency’s future decision-making? Because terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants form the basi s of the food chain for terr estrial habitats, comprise riparian habitat which plays a key role in water quality, and significantly contribute to habitat integrity including critical habitat for listed species, an understanding of the potential risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decision -making. Without terrestria l plant data for amitraz, the Agency cannot determine if the current application rates of amitraz may result in direct a dverse effects to terrestrial plants and/or indirect effects resulting from reduction in the prey base and/or loss of habitat/cover. Hence, Without these data, the Agency’s risk assessment for effects to terr estrial plants would be uncertain because toxicity data would be absent. Therefore, the Agency would presume that listed plant species would be at risk from labeled use of amitraz and resulting potential exposures to amitraz and its degradates of concern.

Guideline Number: 850.4150 Test Substance: Amitraz, BTS 27271, BTS 27919 Title: Vegetative vigor Test Species: Soybean, oat, ryegrass, and corn Rationale for Requiring the Data Amitraz toxicity data for terrestrial plan ts are not available. Based on the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements, Tier I level non-target terrestrial plant data are required fo r insecticide end-use products at the maximum application rate. Therefore, non-target terrestrial plant ve getative vigor data per OPPTS Guidelines 850.4150 ( http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-4100.pdf and http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-4150.pdf ) are required for amitraz at the Tier I level to fulfill the data requirement. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used?

### 25 Data from Tier I terrestrial plant seedling emergence toxi city studies will be used to estimate potential risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants associated with the use of amitraz. The data will reduce uncertainties associated with the current risk assessment fo r terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants and will improve the Agency’s understanding of the potential effects of amitraz on terrest rial and semi-aquatic plants. In the absence of Tier I data, risks for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants will be presumed.

As a result, these data would be used to characterize the ra nge of toxicity of amitraz to various nontarget terrestrial plants. These data would be used in the Agency’s quantitative risk assessment.

How could the data impact the Ag ency’s future decision-making? Because terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants form the basi s of the food chain for terr estrial habitats, comprise riparian habitat which plays a key role in water quality, and significantly contribute to habitat integrity including critical habitat for listed species, an understanding of the potential risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decision -making. Without terrestria l plant data for amitraz, the Agency cannot determine if the current application rates of amitraz may result in direct a dverse effects to terrestrial plants and/or indirect effects resulting from reduction in the prey base and/or loss of habitat/cover. Hence, Without these data, the Agency’s risk assessment for effects to terr estrial plants would be uncertain because toxicity data would be absent. Therefore, the Agency would presume that listed plant species would be at risk from labeled use of amitraz and resulting potential exposures to amitraz and its degradates of concern.

Guideline Number: 850.5400 Test Substance: Amitraz, BTS 27271, BTS 27919 Title: Aquatic vascular and non-vascular plant toxicity tests; Tier 1 Test Species: N. pilliculosa, S. capricornutum (or R. subcapitata), S. costatum, and A. flos-aquae Rationale for Requiring the Data Amitraz toxicity data for vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants are not available. Based on the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements, Tier I level non-target aquatic plant data are required for all insectic ides. Therefore, non-target aquatic plant data for algae and vascular plants per OPPTS Guidelines 850.4400 and 850.5400 ( http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-4400.pdf and http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmon ized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/8 50-5400.pdf ) are required for amitraz at the Tier I level. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used? Aquatic plant toxicity data will be used to quantitatively es timate the risk of amitraz to aquatic plants and could be used to define an action area for endangered species and ex plore risk mitigation strategies. Data from one species of vascular aquatic plant and from four species of algae to predict the range of toxicity expected to all aquatic plants. In the absence of this Tier 1 data, risks for both vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants will be presumed.

How could the data impact the Ag ency’s future decision-making? Because aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants form the basis of the food chain for aquatic communities and significantly contribute to overall water quality, a solid un derstanding of the potential risks to aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decision-making. Without aquatic plant data for amitraz, the Agency cannot determine if the current application rates of amitraz may result in direct adverse effects to aquatic plants and/or indirect effects resulting from reduction in the prey base and/or loss of habitat/cover.

Therefore, without these toxicity data on aquatic species, po tential risks to aquatic plants can not be quantified. As a result, it will be assumed that endangered aquatic pl ants could be affected by labeled amitraz use.

### 26 

## A PPENDIX 

## 1. E NVIRONMENTAL 

## F ATE 

## D ATA



### Figure 1.

Hydrolysis of Amitraz in Aqueous Solution

### 27

### 28 Table 1 Chemical Names and Structures of Amitraz and its Residues of Concern. Company Name Chemical Name Structure Amitraz N'-[2,4-dimethylphenyl]-N-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino] methyl]]-Nmethyl-methanimidamide

N N N C H

3 CH 3 C H

3 CH 3

CH 3 BTS-27919 N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) formamide

NH

O H C H

3 CH 3

BTS-27271 N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-Nmethylmethanimidamide

N NH C H

3 CH 3

CH 3 BTS-24868 2,4-Dimethylaniline (2,4 Xylidine)

### 29 Table 2. Maximum Reported Amounts of Amit raz Degradates Formation in Various Studies.

Degradate 1 Maximum % Applied (Postapplication Time) Study Type MRID

BTS 27271 11% 23% 1%

31.1% 10.4%

12.9% (3 hrs) 1.3% (60 days) 27% (3 days; acidic) Hydrolysis (pH 5) Hydrolysis (pH 7) Hydrolysis (pH 9)

Photolysis in water 2 Photodegradation on soil

Aerobic soil metabolism Anaerobic soil metabolism Aerobic aquatic metabolism MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512

MRID 41206703 MRID 40780514

MRID 40798003 MRID 40798003 MRID 42124618 BTS 27919 62% (7.3 hrs) 38% (49.1 hrs) 85% (74.4 hrs)

45.2% 35.8%

35.4% (1 day) 12.9% (30 days) 56.3% (14 days) Hydrolysis (pH 5) Hydrolysis (pH 7) Hydrolysis (pH 9)

Photolysis in water 2 Photodegradation on soil

Aerobic soil metabolism Anaerobic soil metabolism Aerobic aquatic metabolism MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512

MRID 41206703 MRID 40780514

MRID 40798003 MRID 40798003 MRID 42124618 BTS 24868 17% 17% 1%

13.6% (3 hrs) 5.5% (60 days) < 5% (gas traps) Hydrolysis (pH 5) Hydrolysis (pH 7) Hydrolysis (pH 9)

Aerobic soil metabolism Anaerobic soil metabolism Aerobic aquatic metabolism MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512 MRID 40780512

MRID 40798003 MRID 40798003 MRID 42124618
1 Refer to Figure 1, Appendix 1, for degradates’ name and structures.
2 In the irradiated samples. Amitraz degradates BTS 2 7271 and BTS 27919 accounted for 31.7% and 40.5% of the applied in the dark control samples, respectively.

### 30 Table 3. Available Environmen tal Fate Data for Amitraz.

158 Guideline

(OPPTS) Description MRID Classification

40780512 (amitraz) Acceptable
42124616 (BTS 27271) Acceptable 161-1 (835.2120) Hydrolysis

42124617 (BTS 27919) Acceptable
40780513 Supplemental 161-2 (835.2240) Photodegradation in water
41206703 Supplemental
40780514 Acceptable 161-3 (835.2410) Photodegradation in soil

41444204 2 Supplemental
161-4 (835.2370) Photodegradation in air None Not applicable

162-1 (835.4100) Aerobic soil metabolism 40798003 Acceptable

162-2 835.4200 Anaerobic soil metabolism 40798003 Supplemental

41444205 42124622 Supplemental 162-4 (835.4300) Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

42124618 Acceptable
162-3 (835.4400) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism None Not Applicable
Acc.# 248318 Scientifically Valid

00114299 Supplemental
40931501 Acceptable
40780516 (BTS 27919) 40780517 (BTS 27271) Supplemental Supplemental 163-1 (835.1230) (835.1240) Leaching and adsorption/ desorption

40780515 41206704 Supplemental 1

163-2 (835.1410) Laboratory Volatility 40780518 Acceptable

40798004 Supplemental 164-1 (835.6100) Terrestrial Field Dissipation
41637301 Acceptable
164-2 (835.6200) Aquatic Field Di ssipation None Not applicable

165-2 Field Rotational 40999509 42637302 Acceptable

00072503 Supplemental
40780519 Acceptable
41444206 Supplemental 165-4 Bioaccumulation in Fish

42336005 3
42124623 3 Acceptable

None Environmental Fate Asse ssment 42124620 Not Applicable

1 - Originally unacceptable, in co njunction with the estimated K ads for parent amitraz, the study satisfied the unaged residue portion of the adso rption/desorption-leaching.
2 - Addendum to MRID 40780514.
3 - Addendum to MRID 42336005.

### 31 

## A PPENDIX 

## 2. E COLOGICAL 

## E FFECTS 

## S UMMARY - 

### Submitted Data

Data included in this appendix ar e taken directly from the re-registration eligibility decision (RED) document. No new ecological toxicity data have been submitted since the RED was conducted.

A-1. Effects to Non-Target Birds

Guideline studies in birds are summarized in the following table. Data requirements were also placed on the two major metabolites (B TS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz because of their potential increased toxicity when compared to the parent compound. Testing was not required for other degradates (i.e. BTS 24868) as the available toxic ity data demonstrated th at they were less toxic than the parent compound.

Avian Acute and Dietary Studies - Technical

The acceptable acute oral toxic ity tests for parent amitraz and its degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. LD 50 Author Date ID # Fulfills Gdln

Mallard Technical 788 mg/kg Fink 1976 00030451 Yes

Bobwhite BTS 27919 (99% a.i.) 1,827 mg/kg Hakin & Rodgers 1991 42124603 Yes

Bobwhite BTS 27271 (99.1% a.i.) 71 mg/kg Hakin & Johnson 1991 42124602 Yes



### The guideline requirement (71-1) for avian acute oral studies with parent amitraz and its degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) have been partially satisfied. The existing data demonstrates that parent amitraz is slightly toxic to mallard ducks. BTS 27271 is moderately toxic to the bobwhite quail and BTS 27919 is slightly to xic to the same species. A new requirement for testing of a passerine species was implemented in 2007. Therefore, a guideline study in a pass erine species remains a data gap. Either an acceptable study or a data waiver needs to be submitted to satisfy this data requirement.

The acceptable subacute dietary toxicity te sts for parent amitraz are listed below:

Species % A.I. LC 50 Author Date ID # Fulfills Gdln

Mallard Technical 7000 ppm Ross & Roberts 1973 00030452 Yes

Japanese quail Technical 1800 ppm Ross & Roberts 1973 00030453 Partial

Bobwhite 98.2 3081 ppm Roberts & Hakin 1988 40780501 Yes

### 32 The acceptable subacute dietary toxicity tests fo r amitraz degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) are listed below:

Species % A.I. LC 50 Author Date ID # Fulfills Gdln

Bobwhite BTS 27271 (99.1% ai) 1276 ppm Hakin & Johnson 1991 42124604 Yes

Mallard BTS 27271 (99.1% ai) >5200 ppm Hakin & Johnson 1991 42124606 Yes

Mallard BTS 27919 (99% ai) >5200 ppm Hakin & Rodgers 1991 42124605 Yes

Bobwhite BTS 27919 (99% ai) >5200 ppm Hakin & Rodgers 1991 42124607 Yes



### The guideline requirements (71-2a,b) for avian subacu te dietary toxicity test s with parent amitraz and its degradates (BTS 27271, BT S 27919) have been satisfied. The existing data demonstrates that parent amitraz is practically nontoxic to the mallard and slightly toxic to the bobwhite quail. BTS 27271 is practically nontoxic to the mallard a nd slightly toxic to the bobwhite quail. BTS 27919 is practically nontoxic to both the mallard and th e bobwhite on a sub acute dietary basis.

Avian Reproduction Studies - Technical

Avian reproduction studies are requ ired for an end-use pr oduct (EP) when bird s may be exposed to repeated or continu ous residues through persiste nce, bioaccumulation, or mu ltiple applications, or if mammalian reproduction tests indicate reproductive hazard.

Available laboratory and field da ta indicate that amitraz degrad ates may persist under certain environmental conditions: BTS 27919 t1/2 = 10 to 150 days; BTS 27271 t1/2 = 7 to 110 days.

The acceptable avian re productive effects data are lis ted in the following table:

Species % A.I. NOEL/LOEL Author Date MRID No. Fulfills Gdln

Bobwhite Quail Technical ND * /40 ppm 1 Fink & Beavers 1980 00072412 Partial

Mallard Technical ND * /40 ppm 2 Fink & Beavers 1980 00072411 Partial

Bobwhite Quail 97.5 40/160 ppm 3 Roberts, Hakin
& Chanter 1988 40840301 Partial

Bobwhite Quail 98.9 24.6/50.5 ppm 4 Beavers 1992 42336001 Yes

Mallard 98.9 24.6/50.5 ppm 5 Beavers 1992 42336002 Partial

### 33 1/ The specific impairments noted were incr eases in eggshell cracking and reduced perc entages of three-week embryos that surviv ed to become normal hatchlings at 40 ppm. The mean body weights of chicks hatched were significantly affected in the 100 and 250 ppm groups , and egg weights and eggshell thickness were si gnificantly reduced at 250 ppm. Study only part ially fulfilled guidelines as a NOEL was not dete rmined.

2/ Numbers of 14-day old survivors produced per week were signi ficantly less than the control at 40 ppm. Reductions in percent age of viable embryos that survived to 3 weeks and percenta ge of 3-week embryos that survived to be come normal hatchlings were noted at the 2 50 ppm level but not at 40 and 100 ppm. Study only partially fulf illed guidelines as a NOEL was not determined.

3/ Dietary concentrations of up to 40 ppm had no effect on adult birds or their reproductive performance. At 160 ppm, the adul t birds ate marginally less food and the overall mean chick hatching weight was slightly low. However, this study was only partially acceptable due t o the high percentage of cracked eggs, particularly in the control group.

4/ The NOEL was determined to be 24.6 ppm ai based u pon reductions in viable embryo s/eggs set at 50.5 ppm ai.

5/ The NOEL was determined to be 24.6 ppm ai based upon reduced hatchli ng weight and increased male body weight (both growth ef fects) at 50.5 ppm ai. This study only partiall y fulfilled guidelines as it faile d to detect reproductive effects.

* ND = Not determined.



### The guideline requirements (71-4 a ,b) for avian reproduction studies with parent amitraz have been satisfied. The existing data show an effect on avian reproduction at dietary levels of 40 - 50.5 ppm.

Avian Reproduction Studies - Degradates

The acceptable avian reproductive effects data with the amitraz de gradate BTS 27271 are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. NOEL/LOEL Author Date MRID No. Fulfills Gdln

Bobwhite Quail BTS 27271
97.7-99.1% 25/100 ppm 1 Hakin, Johnson
& Ruckman 1993 42797801 Partial

Mallard BTS 27271
97.7-99.1% 5/25 ppm 2 Hakin, Johnson
& Ruckman 1993 42797802 Partial

1/ The specific impairments noted were signi ficant reductions at the 100 ppm test level in hatchlings as a percentage of eggs s et, two-week survivors as a percentage of eggs set and two-week su rvivors as a percentage of eggs laid. 2/ The specific impairments noted were significant increases at the 25 ppm test level in the total number of eggs cracked and i n the number of eggs cracked as a percentage of eggs laid.



### The guideline requirements (71-4 a,b) for avian reproduction studies with the amitraz degradate BTS 27271 have not been satisfied. The submi tted studies may be upgraded to "core" and will fulfill guideline requiremen ts upon acceptable review of chemical analyses. The existing data show an effect on avian reproduction at dietary levels of 25 (mallard duck) to 100 ppm (bobw hite quail).

### 34 Effects on Fres hwater Fish

The minimum data required for establishing the acute toxicity of amitraz to freshwater fish are two 96-hour studies with the technical product. One st udy should use a coldwa ter species (preferably the rainbow trout) and the other sh ould use a warmwater sp ecies (preferably the bluegill sunfish).

Acute Studies - Technical

The acceptable acute fresh water fish toxicity studies with pare nt amitraz are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. 96-hr LC 50 Author Date MRID No. Fulfill Gdln.

Rainbow trout Technical 2.7 - 4 ppm * Fraser & Jenkins 1972 00030445 Partial

Bluegill sunfish Technical 1.34 pp m Fraser & Jenkins 1973 00030447 Partial

Rainbow Trout Technical 0.74 pp m Bentley 1975 00030446 Yes

Carp Technical 1.17 ppm ** Nissan -- 00030444 Partial

Bluegill sunfish 98.8 0.34 ppm Hill, Harland &
Caunter 1988 40798001 Yes

Harlequin Fish Technical 3.2 - 4.3 ppm Fraser & Jenkins 1973 00030448 Partial

* 48-hour test.
** 120-hour test.



### There is sufficient information to characterize parent amitraz as highly toxic to freshwater fish.

Acute Studies - Formulated Product

Formulated product testing on fish may be required when the pesticide is applied direct ly to water. While amitraz does not have such a use pattern, formulated product testing was required as several studies suggested that technical amitraz may be more toxi c when in a 20% EC formulation than by itself. The registrant explained that this probably was the result of some in ert ingredient making the active ingredient more ava ilable to the fish. The acceptable acute freshwater fish toxicity studies using a 20% EC formulation of amitraz are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. 96-hr LC 50 Author Date MRID No. Fulfill Gdln.

Rainbow trout 20% EC 0.2 -0.4 ppm ai * Fraser & Jenkins 1972 00030445 Partial

Bluegill sunfish 20% EC 3.14 pp m ai Fraser & Jenkins 1973 00030447 Partial

Rainbow Trout 20% EC 2.20 ppm ai Caunter 1988 40780505 Yes

Carp 20% EC 0.56 ppm ** Nissan -- 00030444 Partial

Harlequin Fish 20% EC 8.74 ppm ai Fraser & Jenkins 1973 00030448 Partial

### 35 * 48-hour test.
** 120-hour test.



### A 20% EC formulation of amitraz ra nged from moderately to very highly toxic to freshwater fish. The guideline requirements (72-1 b,d) for acute freshwater fish toxici ty tests have been satisfied.

Acute Studies - Degradates

Data requirements we re placed on the two majo r metabolites (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz because of their potential increased toxicity when co mpared to the parent co mpound as stated in the RED. Testing was not required for other degradates (i.e. BTS 24868) as the available toxicity data demonstrated that they were less to xic than the parent compound.

The acceptable acute freshwater fish toxicity st udies with amitraz degradates are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. 96-hr LC 50 Author Date MRID No. Fulfill Gdln.

Rainbow trout Technical BTS

27271 28.4 ppm Schupner 1991 41827203 Yes

Bluegill sunfish Technical BTS

27271 29.3 ppm Schupner &
Stachura 1991 41827202 Yes

Rainbow Trout Technical BTS

27919 66.2 ppm Schupner 1991 41827206 Yes

Bluegill sunfish Technical BTS

27919 >100 ppm Schupner 1991 41827205 Yes



### BTS 27271 and BTS 27919 can be characterized as slightly toxic and slightly to practically nontoxic respectively to freshwater fish. The guideline requirements (72-1 a,c) for acute freshwater fish toxicity tests with pa rent amitraz and its degradates have been satisfied.

Fish Early Life Stage Test

A fish early life stage test is requi red when a product is applied directly to water or is expected to be transported to aquatic sites and 1) exposure of aquatic organisms will be conti nual or recurrent; or 2) the lowest LC 50 

### is 1 mg/L or less; or 3) the EEC in wate r is equal to or grea ter than 0.01 of any LC 50 

### ; or 4) if the EEC is less than any LC 50 

### and the product has repr oductive effects on, or cumulative effects in, aquatic organisms or ha s a half-life in water greater than 4 days.

Fish early life-stage testing was required as amitraz is highly toxic and may be applied repeatedly during the season. Furthermore, an estimate of the initial environmenta l concentration suggested that residues could be greater th an 0.01 of the fish LC50.

### 36 The acceptable fish early life-stage data are lis ted in the following table:

Species % A.I. Result Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Fathead minnow (embryo-larvae) 98.8% NOEC & MATC <3.53 ppb based on weight (most
sensitive parameter) Hill, Harland, Maddock, Riddle 1988 40798002 Partial

Fathead Minnow (embryo-larvae) 98.8% MATC >1.48 <2.71 ppb based on length Hill, Caunter, Gillings, Riddle 1989 41288702 Yes



### An early life-stage study performed with the fa thead minnow shows that le ngth is impaired at environmental con centrations of > 2.71 ppb. The MATC (M aximum Allowable Toxic Concentration) is > 1.48 < 2.71 ppb.

The requirement for a fish early life-sta ge study (72-4a) has been satisfied.

Effects on Freshwat er Invertebrates

Six studies in six documents were received and evaluated under this topic. Six were found to be acceptable for use in a hazard assessment.

The minimum data requirements for establishing the acute toxicity of amitraz to aquatic invertebrates is the result from one 48-hour acut e toxicity test, preferably using first instar Daphnia
magna or early instar amphipods, ston eflies, mayflies, or midges.

Acute Studies - Technical

The acceptable toxicity data are listed in the fo llowing table:

Species % A.I. EC 50 Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Daphnia magna Technical 35 ppb D ouglas et al. 1982 RIOAMI01 Yes



### There is sufficient information to characterize amitr az as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. The guideline requirement for an aquatic invertebrate EC 50 

### study (72-2a) has been satisfied.

Acute Studies - Formulated Product

Formulated product testing was required as several fish studies suggested th at technical amitraz may be more toxic when in a 20% EC formulation th an by itself.

### 37 The acceptable toxicity data wi th the formulated product are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. EC 50 Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Daphnia magna 20% EC 3.4 ppm Hill, Williams &
Harland 1988 40780506 Yes



### There is sufficient information to characterize th e 20% EC formula tion of amitraz as moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates. The guidelin e requirement for an aquatic invertebrate EC 50 

### study with a formulated product (72-2b) has been satisfied.

Acute Studies - Degradates

Data requirements we re placed on the two majo r metabolites (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz because of their potential increased toxicity when compared to the parent compound. Testing was not required for other degradates (i.e. BTS 24868) as the available toxicity data demonstrated that they were less toxic than the parent compound.

The acceptable toxicity data for amitraz degradates are liste d in the following table:

Species % A.I. 48-hour EC 50 Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Daphnia magna BTS 27271
Technical 2.59 ppm Schupner 1991 41827204 Yes

Daphnia magna BTS 27919
Technical >100 ppm Schupner & Young 1991 41827207 Yes



### BTS 27271 and BTS 27919 can be ch aracterized as moderately toxic and practically nontoxic, respectively, to Daphnia magna. The guideline requirements for an aquatic invertebrate EC 50 

### study with amitraz degradates have been satisfied.

Aquatic Invertebrate Life -Cycle Study - Technical

The acceptable aquatic i nvertebrate life-cycle data are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. Results Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Daphnia magna 98.8 NOEC <0.02 ppm based on Thompson 1988 40780511 Partial

### 38 length

Daphnia magna 96 NOAEC 1.10 ppb based on length and reproduction
effects Smith 1989 41288701 Yes



### An aquatic invertebrate life -cycle test performed with Daphnia magna shows a significant reduction in growth and fecundity at > 2.21 ppb. The NOAE C was 1.1 ppb.

The guideline requirement for an aq uatic invertebrate life-cycle te st (72-4b) has been satisfied.

Effects on Marine a nd Estuarine Organisms

Acute Studies - Technical

The acceptable acute estuarine and marine studies with parent amitraz are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. LC 50 (ppm) Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Atlantic Oyster 95% 48-hr TL 50 = 0.85 ppm Sleight -- RIOAMI02 Yes

Grass Shrimp Technical 96-hr EC 50 = 65.1 ppm Bentley 1973 00030450 Yes

Sheepshead
Minnow 98% 96-hr LC 50 > 2.4 ppm Hill, Comber &
Caunter 1988 40780507 Partial

Fiddler Crab Technical >1000 ppm Be ntley 1973 00030450 Partial



### There is sufficient information to characterize parent amitraz as highly toxic to oysters, moderately toxic to the sheepshead minnow an d slightly toxic to gr ass shrimp. While the sheepshead minnow study was of supplemental status, th is study combined with other estu arine fish tests can be used to satisfy guideline requirements. Therefore, the guideline requirement s for estuarine/marine testing (72-3 a,b,c) with the technical grade of the active ingredient have been satisfied.

Acute Studies - Formulated Product

The acceptable toxicity tests with a formulated product ar e listed in the following table:

### 39 Species % A.I. LC 50 (ppm) Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Eastern Oyster 20% EC 96-hr EC 50 = 85 ppb Suprenant 1988 40780509 Yes

Mysid Shrimp 20% EC 96-hr EC 50 = 0.48

ppm Smyth, Comber &
Hill 1988 40780510 Yes

Sheepshead
Minnow 20% EC 96-hr LC 50 > 7.9 ppm Hill & Caunter 1988 40780508 Yes



### Based on the above data, the 20% EC formulation of amitraz is very highly toxic to the eastern oyster, highly toxic to the mysid shrimp and slig htly toxic to the sheeps head minnow. Guideline requirements for estuarine/marine testing (72-3 d,e,f) wi th the typical end-use product have been satisfied.

Acute Studies - Degradates

Data requirements we re placed on the two majo r metabolites (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) of amitraz because of their potential increased toxicity when compared to the parent compound. Testing was not required for other degradates (i.e. BTS 24868) as the available toxicity data demonstrated that they were less toxic than the parent compound.

The acceptable acute estuarine and marine studie s with amitraz degradat es are listed in the following table:

Species % A.I. LC 50 (ppm) Author Date ID # Fulfill Gdln.

Eastern Oyster BTS 27271 99.6% 96-hr EC 50 = 13.1 ppm Carr & Ward 1991 42124610 Partial

Eastern Oyster BTS 27919 99.8% 96-hr EC 50 >128 ppm Carr & Ward 1991 42124611 No

Sheepshead
Minnow BTS 27271 99.6% 96-hr LC 50 = 11.5 ppm Ward 1991 42124608 Yes

Sheepshead
Minnow BTS 27919 99.8% 96-hr LC 50 >102 ppm Schupner &
Stachura 1991 42124609 Yes

Mysid Shrimp BTS 27271 100% 96-hr EC 50 = 5.81 ppm Ward 1991 42124612 Yes

Mysid Shrimp BTS 27919 99.8% 96-hr EC 50 = 8.2 ppm Schupner &
Stachura 1991
42124613 Partial



### BTS 27271 can be characte rized as slightly toxic to the sheepshead minnow and eastern oyster and moderately toxic to the mysid sh rimp. BTS 27919 can be characterized as practically nontoxic to the sheepshead minnow and easter n oyster and moderately toxic to the mysid shrimp. Although several core studies are lacking, EEB has determin ed that the existing data base is sufficient to characterize the toxicity of Amit raz degradates to estuarine/marine organisms. Therefore, the guideline requirements for estuarine/marine testi ng (72-3 a,b,c) with amitraz degradates (BTS 27271, BTS 27919) have been satisfied.

### 40 F. Effects on Beneficial Insects

The submitted tests ar e presented below:

Species % A.I. LD 50 Author Date ID Number Fulfills Gdln.

Apis mellifera Technical > 100ug/bee Atkins & Kellum 1980 00074486 Yes

Apis mellifera 20% EC no mortality or repellency in
field test Palmer-Jones &
Clinch 1973 00030455 Yes

Stethorus
punctum 20% EC low toxicity at
0.375 lb ai/100 gal Colburn & Asquith 1973 00059461 Yes

Stethorus
punctum 20% EC low toxicity at 6 oz ai/ 100 gal Bender & Asquith 1972 00052490 Yes



### The guideline requirement (1 41-1) for acute toxicity testing with honey bees is fulfilled. There is sufficient information to characterize amitraz as pr actically nontoxic to bees.

Effects on Nontarget Plants

No guideline studies on non-target plants have been submitted. Guideline seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies are required for all out doo r uses. Therefore, su bmission of guideline studies, or acceptable waivers, need to be su bmitted to satisfy this data requirement.

### 41 Appendix 3. Open Literatu re Data Accepted by ECOTOX

Acceptable for EcoTox and OPP

Abu-Basha, E. A., Yibchok-Anun, S., Hopper, D. L., and Hsu, W. H. (1999). Effects of the Pesticide Amitraz and Its Metabolite BTS 27271 on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion from the Perfused Rat Pancreas: Involvement of alpha2D-A drenergic Receptors. Metabolism 48: 1461, 1469 (doi: 10.1016/S0026- 0495(99)90160-9).

EcoReference No.: 112568 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : CEL,BCM

Al-Thani, R. K., Al-Thani, A. S., El betieha, A., and Darmani, H. (2003). Assessment of Reproductive and Fertility Effects of Amitraz Pesticide in Male Mice. Toxicol.Lett. 138: 253-260.

EcoReference No.: 112026 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,GRO,REP

Alizadeh, A., Samih, M. A., and Iz adi, H. (2007). Compatibility of Ve rticillium lecani (Zimm.) with Several Pesticides. Comm.Appl.Biol.Sci. 72: 1011-1015.

EcoReference No.: 111816 Chemical of Concern: IMC,ES,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP

Amin, A. E. and Abdalla, G. A. (1995). Effects of Endo sulfan and Amitraz on Feedlot Performance, Carcas Yield and Meat Quality Characteris tics of Nubian Goats. Vet Hum Toxicol 37: 113-115.

EcoReference No.: 46968 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,ES; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO

Bhavani, B. and Rao, P. R. M. (2 004). Bioefficacy of Thia methoxam (Actara 20 WG) Ag ainst Rice Planthoppers (BPH/WBPH) in Irrigated Field Conditions. Pestology 28: 41-44.

EcoReference No.: 82552 Chemical of Concern: FPN,CBF,LCYT,DM,THO,TMX,BPZ,DKGNa,CPY,AMZ,MFZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,POP

Boyes, W. K. and Moser, V. C. (1987). Investigations of Amitraz Neurotoxicity in Rats: II. Effects on Visual Evoked Potentials . Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 9: 140, 153 (doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90161-8).

EcoReference No.: 112027 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,GRO

Brunner, J. F., Dunley, J. E., Doerr, M. D., and Beers, E. H. (2001). Effect of Pesticides on Colpoclypeus florus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Trichogramma platneri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Parasitoids of Leafrollers in Washington. J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 1075-1084.

EcoReference No.: 63713 Chemical of Concern: AZ,DZ,DMT,MP,MDT,PSM,OML,CBL,FTT,AMZ,PM R,ES,EFV,IMC,SS,PPG,DFZ,FYC,TUZ,MFZ,AZ D,CPY,PSM,VCZ,FTTCl; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,BEH,REP

Chou, C. P., Lu, S. Y., and Ueng, T. H. (2008). Modula tion of Serum Concentrations and Hepatic Metabolism of 17beta-Estradiol and Testosterone by Amitraz in Rats. Arch.Toxicol. 82: 729-737.

### 42 EcoReference No.: 112048 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Clinch, P. G. (1979). Control of Acarapis externus Mo rgenthaler: Further Tests to Determine the Efficacy of Pesticides Fed in Sugar Syrup to Infested Honey Bees. N.Z.J.Agric. 7: 407-409.

EcoReference No.: 39706 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,MEM,OMT,DDVP,M VP,CBL,ES,AZ,Captan,DINO,FBOX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR

Costa, L. G., Gastel, J., and Murphy, S. D. (1991) . The Formamidine Pesticides Chlordimeform and Amitraz Decrease Hepatic Glutathione in Mice Through an Interaction with al pha2-Adrenoceptors. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 33: 349-358.

EcoReference No.: 112029 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Costa, L. G., Olibet, G., and Murphy, S. D. (1988). Alpha2 -Adrenoceptors as a Target for Formamidine Pesticides: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in Mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 93: 319-328.

EcoReference No.: 109768 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,PHY,CEL

Costa, L. G., Olibet, G., Wu, D., and Murphy, S. D. (1989 ). Acute and Chronic Effects of the Pesticide Amitraz on alpha2-Adrenoceptors in the Mouse Brain. Toxicol.Lett. 47: 135-143.

EcoReference No.: 112028 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Costa, L. G., Wu, D. S., Olibet, G., and Murphy, S. D. (1 989). Formamidine Pesticides and alpha(2)-Adrenoceptors: Studies with Amitraz and Chlordimeform in Rats an d Development of a Radioreceptor Binding Assay. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 11: 405-411 .

EcoReference No.: 111817 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,CEL

Crofton, K. M., Boncek, V. M., and Reiter, L. W. (1989). Acute Effects of Amitraz on the Acoustic Startle Response and Motor Activity. Pestic.Sci. 27: 1-11.

EcoReference No.: 112109 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY,GRO

Cullen, L. K. and Reynoldson, J. A. (1990). Central an d Peripheral alpha-Adrenoceptor Actions of Amitraz in the Dog. J.Vet.Pharmacol.Ther. 13: 86-92.

EcoReference No.: 112046 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

De Maeyer, L., Peeters, D., Wijsmuller, J. M., Cantoni, A., Brueck, E., and Heibges, S. (2002). Spirodiclofen: A Broad-Spectrum Acaricide with Insecticidal Properties: Efficacy on Psylla pyri and Scales Lepidosaphes ulmi and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. In: BCPC Conf.- Pests & Diseases, Bayer Crop Science, Brussels Belguim 1: 65-72.

EcoReference No.: 76036 Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY,PHSL,SDF,AMZ,TAP; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR

### 43 De Oliveira, R. C. and Neves, P. M. O. J. (2004) . Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Acaricides. Neotrop.Entomol. 33: 353-358.

EcoReference No.: 93047 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CFP,CHX,ABM,HTX,DMT,FPY,FBOX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP,POP

Eischen, F. A., Pettis, J. S., and Dietz, A. (1986). Prevention of Acarapis woodi Infesta tion in Queen Honey Bees with Amitraz. Am.Bee J. 126: 498-500.

EcoReference No.: 114420 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR,BEH,REP

Eischen, F. A., Pettis, J. S., and Diet z, A. (1987). A Rapid Method of Evaluating Compounds for the Control of Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Am.Bee.J. 127: 99-101.

EcoReference No.: 101591 Chemical of Concern: PPA,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR

Filazi, A., Sireli, M., and Kalkan, F. (2003). The Influence of Amitraz on Biochemical Parameters in Mice. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 22: 99-101.

EcoReference No.: 111749 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Florio, J. C., Sakate, M., and Palermo-Neto, J. (1989). Some Behavioral Effects of the Pesticide Amitraz. Braz.J.Med.Biol.Res. 22: 1291-1293.

EcoReference No.: 111964 Chemical of Concern: STCH,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,BEH

Gilbert, M. E. (1988). Formamidine Pesticides Enhance Susceptibility to Kindled Seizures in Amygdala and Hippocampus of the Rat. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 10: 221, 227 (doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(88)90021-9).

EcoReference No.: 112075 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,PHY

Gilbert, M. E. and Dyer, Robert S. (1988). Incr eased Hippocampal Excitability Produced by Amitraz. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 10: 229, 235 (doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(88)90022-0).

EcoReference No.: 112074 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

Grilli, S., Ancora, G., Rani, P., Vale nti, A. M., Mazzullo, M., and Col acci, A. (1991). In Vivo Unwinding Fluorimetric Assay as Evidence of the Damage Indu ced by Fenarimol and DNOC in Rat Liver DNA. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 34: 485-494.

EcoReference No.: 94267 Chemical of Concern: FRM,CHX,CZE,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : CEL

Hsu, W. H. and Kakuk, T. J. (1984). Effect of Amitraz and Chlordimeform on Heart Rate and Pupil Diameter in Rats: Mediated by Alph a2-Adrenoreceptors. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 73: 411-415.

EcoReference No.: 37196 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

### 44 Hsu, W. H., Lu, Z. X., and Hembrough, F. B. (1986-). Effe ct of Amitraz on Heart Rate and Aortic Blood Pressure in Conscious Dogs: Influence of Atropine, Prazosin, Tolazoline, and Yohimbine. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 84: 418, 422 (doi: 10.1016/0041-008X(86)90150-X).

EcoReference No.: 112031 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

Hsu, W. H. and McNeel, S. V. (1985). Amitraz-Induced Prol ongation of Gastrointestinal Transit and Bradycardia in Dogs and Their Antagonism by Yohimbine: Preliminary Study. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 8: 239-253.

EcoReference No.: 111818 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,CEL

Hsu, W. H. and Schaffer, D. D. (1988). Effects of Topical Application of Amitraz on Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Dogs. Am.J.Vet.Res. 49: 130-131 .

EcoReference No.: 111813 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Hugnet, C., Buronfosse, F., Pineau, X., Cadore, J. L., Lorgue , G., and Berny, P. J. (1996). Toxicity and Kinetics of Amitraz in Dogs. Am.J.Vet.Res. 57: 1506-1510.

EcoReference No.: 112110 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM,PHY,MOR

Institoris, L., Banfi, H., Lengyel, Z., Papp, A., and Nagymajte nyi, L. (2007). A Stud y on Immunotoxicological Effects of Subacute Amitraz Exposure in Rats. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 26: 441-445.

EcoReference No.: 111750 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,BCM,MOR,PHY

Jones, W. A., Wolfenbarger, D. A., and Kirk, A. A. (1995). Response of Adult Parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) to Leaf Residues of Selected Cotton Insecticides. Entomophaga 40: 153-162.

EcoReference No.: 112076 Chemical of Concern: MP,CYP,BFT,AMZ,AZ,ES,BPZ,TDC; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR

Kashian, D. R. and Dodson, S. I. (2002). Effects of Common-Use Pesticides on Developmental and Reproductive Processes in Daphnia. Toxicol.Ind.Health 18: 225-235.

EcoReference No.: 93397 Chemical of Concern: TXP,PHTH,MBZ,MTL, 24D,ACO,ACR,AMZ, CSF,CZE,DDT,DFZ,LNR,DQT; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR,GRO,REP

Kaur, B., Kaur, R., and Sandhu, H. S. (2003). Subacute Oral Toxicity of Amitraz in Cross-Bred Cow Calves - Effect on Some Haematological Parameters. Toxicol.Int. 10: 51-54.

EcoReference No.: 111812 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,CEL,BCM,BEH

Kim, J. C., Shin, J. Y., Yang, Y. S., Shin, D. H., Moon, C. J., Kim, S. H., Park, S. C., Kim, Y. B., Kim, H. C., and Chung, M. K. (2007). Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity of Amitraz in Sprague-Dawley Rats . Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 52: 137-144 .

EcoReference No.: 97358 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,MOR,REP,POP,PHY,BEH

### 45 Kuhn, R., Pattard, M., Pernak, K. D., and Winter, A. (19 89). Results of the Harmful Effects of Selected Water Pollutants (Anilines, Phenols, Aliphatic Compounds) to Daphnia magna. Water Res. 23: 495-499.

EcoReference No.: 846 Chemical of Concern: PCP,CPH,NP,PL,24DC,BZD,OPHP,24DMA; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR

Kumar, A., Sharma, S. D., Kashyap, N. P., Srivastava, S., and Raj, D. (1994). Effect of Amitraz and Fluvalinate on Brood and Longevity of Adult Apis mellif era L. Bees (Hymenop tera: Apidiae). Uttar Pradesh J.Zool. 14: 151-155.

EcoReference No.: 111814 Chemical of Concern: FVL,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR

Lengyel, Z., Lukacs, A., Szabo, A., and Institoris, L. (2006). Neurotoxic and General Effects of Combined Subchronic Exposure of Rats to Insecticides and Heavy Metals. Acta Biol.Hung. 57: 423-432.

EcoReference No.: 112068 Chemical of Concern: Pb,Hg,Cd,DMT,AMZ,CYP; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,GRO

Lengyel, Z., Szabo, A., Papp, A., and Nagymajtenyi, L. (2007). Functional Neurotoxic Effects in Rats Acutely Exposed to Insecticide Combinations. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 87: 94-102.

EcoReference No.: 108388 Chemical of Concern: DMT,PPX,CYP,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

M'Diaye, K. and Bounias, M. (1991). Sublethal Eff ects of the Formamidine Amitraz on Honeybees Gut Lipids, Following In Vivo Injections. Biomed.Environ.Sci. 4: 376-383.

EcoReference No.: 112671 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,BCM

Moser, V. C. (1991). Investigations of Amitraz Neurotoxicity in Rats: IV. Assessment of Toxicity Syndrome Using a Functional Observational Battery. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 17: 7-16.

EcoReference No.: 95148 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,BEH,MOR

Moser, V. C., Boyes, W. K., and MacPhail, R. C. (1987) . Investigations of Amitraz Neurotoxicity in Rats: I. Effects on Operant Performance. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 9: 131, 139 (doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90160- 6).

EcoReference No.: 112033 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY,GRO

Moser, V. C. and MacPhail, R. C. (1986-). Differentia l Effects of Formamidine Pesticides on Fixed-Interval Behavior in Rats. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 84: 315, 324 (doi: 10.1016/0041-008X(86)90139-0).

EcoReference No.: 112039 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FTT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH

Moser, V. C. and MacPhail, R. C. (198 9). Investigations of Amitraz Neurotoxicity in Rats: III. Effects on Motor Activity and Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 12: 12, 22 (doi: 10.1016/0272- 0590(89)90057-2).

EcoReference No.: 112034 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY,GRO,MOR

### 46 Moser, V. C., McDaniel, K. L., and Phillips, P. M. (199 1). Rat Strain and Stock Comparisons Using a Functional Observational Battery: Baseline Va lues and Effects of Amitraz. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 108 : 267-283.

EcoReference No.: 112035 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY,GRO

Osano, O., Admiraal, W., Klamer, H. J. C., Pastor, D. , and Bleeker, E. A. J. ( 2002). Comparative Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Chloroacetanilid es, Formamidines and Their Degradation Products on Vibrio fischeri and Chironomus riparius. Environ.Pollut. 119: 195-202.

EcoReference No.: 65836 Chemical of Concern: ACR,MTL,AMZ,DEAL,DCA,AN,24DMA; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR

Osano, O., Oladimeji, A. A., Kraak, M. H. S., and Ad miraal, W. (2002). Teratogenic Effects of Amitraz, 2,4- Dimethylaniline, and Paraquat on Developing Frog (Xenopus) Embryos. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 43: 42-49.

EcoReference No.: 65872 Chemical of Concern: PAQT,AMZ; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : GRO,MOR

Palermo-Neto, J., Florio, J. C., and Sakate, M. (1994). Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Prenatal Amitraz Exposure in Rats. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 16: 65-70.

EcoReference No.: 112241 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP,GRO,MOR,BEH

Palermo-Neto, J., Sakate, M., and Florio, J. C. (1997). Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Postnatal Amitraz Exposure in Rats. Braz.J.Med.Biol.Res. 30: 989-997 .

EcoReference No.: 95611 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,GRO,REP

Pascoe, A. L. and Reynoldson, J. A. (1986). The Cardiac Eff ects of Amitraz in the Guinea-P ig In Vivo and In Vitro. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 83: 413, 417 (doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(86)90145-3).

EcoReference No.: 112036 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

Pass, M. A. and Mogg, T. D. (1991). Effect of Amitraz and Its Metabolites on Intestinal Motility. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 99: 169-172.

EcoReference No.: 112037 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY

Przybojewska, B. (1999). Assessment of Aniline Derivatives-Induced DNA Damage in the Liver Cells of B6C3F1 Mice Using the Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis ("Comet") Assay. Teratog.Carcinogen.Mutagen. 19: 323-327.

EcoReference No.: 111819 Chemical of Concern: 24DMA; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : CEL

Sanchez-Salas, J. A. and Blanco-Montero, C. A. (1993). Insecticide and Acaricide Effects on Mortality of Two Parasites of the Citrus Blackfly, 1989. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 368-369 (14L).

EcoReference No.: 111099 Chemical of Concern: DCF,DFZ,PPG,OML,AMZ,MLN,ES,ABM,SFR,Zineb,ETN; Habitat : T; Effect

### 47 Codes : MOR

Santiago, G. P., Otero-Colina, G., Sanchez, D. M., Guzman , M. E. R., and Vandame, R. (2000). Comparing Effects of Three Acaricides on Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Using Two Application Techniques. Fla.Entomol. 83: 468-476.

EcoReference No.: 64900 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FVL; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR

Scott, G. C., Pickett, J. A., Smith, M. C., Woodcock, C. M., Harris, P. G. W., Hammon, R. P., and Koetecha, H. D. (1984). Seed Treatments for Controlling Slugs in Winter Wheat. Br.Crop Prot.Conf.- Pests and Dis. 1: 133-138.

EcoReference No.: 79951 Chemical of Concern: DZM,RTN,ADC,MCB,BMN,AMZ,CBF,TMP,BMNO,THO,DM,THM,DNB,NCTN,AV,GER; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,PHY,POP

Shi, W. B., Jiang, Y., and Feng, M. G. (2005). Comp atibility of Ten Acaricides with Beauveria bassiana and Enhancement of Fungal Infection to Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) Eggs by Sublethal Application Rates of Pyridaben. Appl.Entomol.Zool. 40: 659-666.

EcoReference No.: 99183 Chemical of Concern: PPG,DCF,CPY,PRB,HTX,AMZ,ABM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP

Smith, B. E., Hsu, W. H., and Yang, P. C. (1990). Amitr az-Induced Glucose Intolerance in Rats: Antagonism by Yohimbine but not by Prazosin. Arch.Toxicol. 64: 680-683 .

EcoReference No.: 112038 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM

Tu, C. M. (1995). Effect of Five Insecticides on Microbial and Enzymatic Activities in Sandy Soil. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 30: 289-306.

EcoReference No.: 81342 Chemical of Concern: PBP,IMC,AMZ,NTP,HgCl2,STRP,CYF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,PHY,BCM

Ueng, T. H., Hung, C. C., Wang, H. W., and Chan, P. K. (2004). Effects of Am itraz on Cytochrome P450- Dependent Monooxygenases and Estrogenic Activity in MCF-7 Human Breast Canc er Cells and Immature Female Rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 42: 1785-1794.

EcoReference No.: 88399 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,CEL,BCM

Van der Hoven, C. L., Schoeman, A. S., and Eicker, A. (1988). The Response of the Cultivated Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, to Five Acaric ides Applied for the Corrective Cont rol of a Mushroom-Infesting Mite, Caloglyphus berlesei. Phytophylactica 20: 287-292.

EcoReference No.: 112484 Chemical of Concern: DEM,PPG,FPP,DCF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,POP

Vandenberg, J. D. and Shimanuki, H. (1990). Effect of Amitraz Treatments on Honey Bees and on the Honey Bee Tracheal Mite. Apidologie 21: 243-248.

EcoReference No.: 111837

### 48 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR

Witherell, P. C. and Bruce, W. A. (1994). Control of Varroa Mites on Caged Honey Bees, 1993. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 353.

EcoReference No.: 97924 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FVL; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR

### 49 Acceptable for EcoTox but not for OPP

Akashe, V. B., Indi, D. V., Patil, A. J., Gud, M. A., and Ghadge, S. M. (2006). Persistence and Toxicity of Some Miticides Against Tetranychus ur ticae Koch. on Rose Foliage. J.Maharashtra Agric.Univ. 31: 318-320.

EcoReference No.: 99375 Chemical of Concern: SFR,CTZ,ABM,AM Z,DEM,ETN,PFF,DCF,NVL; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO ENDPOINT(SFR,CTZ,ABM, AMZ,DEM,ETN,PFF,DCF,NVL).

Ameno, K., Fuke, C., Ameno, S., Kiriu, T., Shinohara, T., and Ijiri, I. (1991). A Rapid and Sensitive Quantitation of Amitraz in Plasma by Gas Chromatography with N itrogen-Phosphorus Detection and Its Application for Pharmacokinetics. J.Anal.Toxicol. 15: 116-118.

EcoReference No.: 112063 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Applegate, V. C., Howell, J. H., Hall, A. E. Jr., and Smith, M. A. (1957). Toxicity of 4,346 Chemicals to Larval Lampreys and Fishes. Spec.Sci.Rep.Fish.No.207, Fish Wild l.Serv., U.S.D.I., Washington, DC 157 p.

EcoReference No.: 638 Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MP,ACL,NAA,NYP,CST,Cu, RTN,NaN3,Ni,CuS,PCP,NaPCP,NaCr,CBL,HCCP ,CHD,PPG,DU,OGO,IND,AAH,ATZ,SFZ,Pb,24DMA,PPNOL; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO ENDPOINT(24DXY,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MP,ACL,NAA,NYP,CST,Cu,RTN,NaN3,Ni,CuS,PCP,NaPCP,NaC r,CBL,HCCP,CHD,PPG,DU,OGO,IND,AAH,ATZ,SFZ,Pb,24DMA,PPNOL).

Auer, D. E., Seawright, A. A., Pollitt, C. C., and Williams, G. ( 1984). Illness in Horses Following Spraying with Amitraz. Aust.Vet.J. 61: 257-259.

EcoReference No.: 111709 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,BEH,BCM; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Batterton, J., Winters, K., and Van B aalen, C. (1978). An ilines: Selective Toxicity to Blue-Green Algae. Science 199: 1068-1070.

EcoReference No.: 7217 Chemical of Concern: MTL,24DMA; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : GRO; Code : NO ENDPOINT(MTL,24DMA).

Baxter, J. R., Ibarra, J., Wilson, W. T., Arther, R. G., Ke llerby, J. D., and Stewart, J. (1999). Amitraz or Coumaphos Efficacy Tests in Guatemala for Control of Varroa jacobsoni in Honey Bees. Southwest.Entomol. 24: 309- 313.

EcoReference No.: 101140 Chemical of Concern: CMPH,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(CMPH,AMZ).

Birner, G. and Neumann, H. G. (1988). Biomonitoring of Aromatic Amines II: Hemoglobin Binding of Some Monocyclic Aromatic Amines. Arch.Toxicol. 62: 110-115.

EcoReference No.: 112052 Chemical of Concern: NBZ,24DMA; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(24DMA).

### 50 Bozsik, A. (1991). Effect of Chemicals on Aphidophagous Insects: Response of Adults of Common Green Lacewing Chrysoperla carnea to Pesticides. In: L.Polgar, et al.(Eds.), Behaviour and Impact of Aphidophaga, 4th Meet.of the IOBC W.G.Ecology of Ephidophaga, Sept .1990, Godollo, Hungary, SPB Acad.Publ.B.V., The Hague, Netherlands 297-304.

EcoReference No.: 76482 Chemical of Concern: DM,TCF,CBL,ES,MDT,MLX,EPH,PHSL,AMZ,Captan,DOD,Zineb,FRM,PCZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(DM,TCF,CBL,ES,MD T,MLX,EPH,PHSL,AMZ,Captan,DOD,Zineb,FRM,PCZ).

Brettell, J. H. (1984). Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Cotton Fields in Central Zimbabwe 3. Toxicity of Certain Acaricides, Aphicides and Pyrethroids to Larvae of Chrysopa boninensis Okamoto, Chrysopa congrua Walker and Chrysopa pudica Navas. Zimbabwe J.Agric.Res 22: 133-139.

EcoReference No.: 89352 Chemical of Concern: TDC,PIM,AMZ,FYT,PMR,CYF,DM,FNV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(TDC,PIM,AM Z,FYT,PMR,CYF,DM,FNV).

Bringmann, G. (1975). Determination of the Biologically Harmful Effect of Water Pollutants by Means of the Retardation of Cell Proliferation of the Blue Algae Microcystis. Gesund.-Ing. 96: 238-241 (GER) (ENG TRANSL).

EcoReference No.: 10116 Chemical of Concern: BNZ,ATC,CF,CBZ,TOL,CTC,3CE ,DCB,Urea,FML,ETHB,N P,MCRE,PL,FUR,NBZ,PHTH,Pb,AN,DNT, Cd,CuS,HgCl2,NaCr,CN,Cu,CuS,As,AMSV,C8OH,CIT,NaNO3,24DMA,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : GRO; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(BNZ,ATC,CF,CBZ,TOL,CTC,3CE,DCB, UREA,FML,ETHB,NP,MCRE,PL,FUR,NBZ,PHTH ,Pb,AN,DNT,Cd,CuS,HgCl2,NaCr,CN,Cu,CuS,As,AMSV,C8OH,CIT,NaNO3,24DMA,PPNOL,nBUT,A MYOH).

Bringmann, G. (1978). Investigation of Biological Harmful Effects of Chemical Substances Which are Classified as Dangerous for Water on Protozoa. Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch. 11: 210, 215 (ENG TRANSL,TR-80-0307, 13 p.) (OECDG Data File).

EcoReference No.: 6601 Chemical of Concern: UREA,ATC,24DXYEE,ACL,TOL,PL,Pb,DNT,HgCl2,SFL,Be,Ni,NaCr,CF,HCB,ETHB,4NP,CN,PHTH,D CB,DEAC,NP,FUR,BNZ,3CE,NBZ,NaCN,CuS,Ag,BZ O,As,Se,AMSV,NaBr,Cd,NaID,C8OH,CIT,ACAC, BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO CONTROL(NP,FUR,PL,PHTH,Be,ZnCl2,CPH,Ni,M CRE,DNT,Pb,Tl,Cd,CN,AN,ATC,UREA,3CE,DGM E,CTC,NBZ,CBZ,TOL,BNZ,CuS,HgCl2,NaCr,Cu,BZO,As,Ni,Pb,AMSV,APAC,Se,NaID,C8OH,DCB,Bo ron),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,CIT,ACAC,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuehn, R. (1982). Results of Toxic Action of Water Pollutants on Daphnia magna Straus Tested by an Improved Standardized Procedure. Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch. 15: 1-6 (GER) (ENG ABS) (OECDG Data File).

EcoReference No.: 707 Chemical of Concern: Cr,CN,FUR,BZO,As,Ni,Cd,PCP,AMSV,APAC,SCA,PL,NP,DNT,C8OH,DCB,CIT,ACAC,24DMA,ETH N,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : BEH; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(DCB,SCA),NO CONTROL(C80H,CIT,ACAC,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1980). Comparison of the Toxicity Thresholds of Water Pollutants to Bacteria, Algae,

### 51 and Protozoa in the Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test. Water Res. 14: 231-241 (Author Communication Used).

EcoReference No.: 5303 Chemical of Concern: Be,Cd,Ag,CuS,Ni,SFL,HgCl2,Pb ,24DC,PL,MCRE,ETHB, NBZ,DCB,NP,PHTH,3CE,BNZ,CF,AN,UREA, CTC,ATC,NP,CN,NaCr,FUR,Cu,BZO,As,Se,AMSV,NaBr,NaID,C8OH,SFL,BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN, MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(Be,Cd,CuS,Ni,HgCl2,Pb,24DC,PL,M CRE,ETHB,NBZ,DCB,NP,P HTH,3CE,BNZ,CF,AN,U REA,CTC,ATC,NP,CN,NaCr,FUR,Cu,BZO,As,Se,AMSV,NaBr,NalD,C80H,Boron,),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1979). Comparison of Toxic Limiting Concentrations of Water Contaminants Toward Bacteria, Algae and Protozoa in the Cell-Growth Inhibition Test (Vergleich der Toxischen Grenzkonzentrationen Wassergefahrdender Stoffe Gegen Bakterien, Algen und Protozoen im Zellvermehrungshemmtest). G.I.Haustechnik Bauphysik Umwelttech 100: 249-252 (GER) (OECDG Data File) .

EcoReference No.: 5014 Chemical of Concern: NaCr,CN,FUR,CuS,BZO,As,Ni,Cd,Se,Pb,AMSV,Na Br,Ag,NaID,C8OH,DCB,SFL ,CIT,ACAC,Boron,24D MA,ETHN; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,CIT,ACAC,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1980). Determination of the Biological Effect of Water Pollutants in Protozoa. II. Bacteriovorous Ciliates (Bestimmung der Biologisch en Schadwirkung Wassergefahrdender Stoffe Gegen Protozoen. II. Bakterienfressende Ciliaten). Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch. 13 : 26-31 (GER) (ENG ABS).

EcoReference No.: 6791 Chemical of Concern: NaCr,CN,FUR,Cu,CuS,BZO,As,Ni,Ag,Pb,AMSV,Na Br,ACL,Se,Cd,NaID,C8 OH,DCB,SFL,CIT,ACAC,B RA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,CIT,ACAC,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1977). Limiting Values for the Damaging Action of Water Pollutants to Bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and Green Algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) in the Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test. Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch.10(3/4): 87-98 (GER)(ENG ABS) / TR-80-0400, TR-78-0043, Literature Res.Co. (ENG TRANSL)(OECD Data File).

EcoReference No.: 7453 Chemical of Concern: CBL,HCCH,NaCr,CN,FUR,CuS,BZO,As,Ni,Cd,Se,ATZ,Pb,AMSV,NaBr,Ag,NaID,C8OH,DCB,SFL,AC AC,BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(OW-TRV-Cu),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,ACAC,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1978). Limiting Values for the Noxious Effects of Water Pollutant Material to Blue Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) and Green Alg ae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) in Cell Propagation Inhibition Tests (Grenzwerte der Sc hadwirkung Wassergefahrdender Stof fe Gegen Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa) und Grunalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest). Vom Wasser 50: 45-60 (GER) (ENG ABS) (ENG TRANSL) (OECDG).

EcoReference No.: 19121 Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CBL,HCCH,NaCr,CN,FUR,CuS,BZO,As,Ni,Zn,Ag,Cd,Pb,AMSV,NaBr,Se,NaID,C8OH,DCB,SFL,C IT,ACAC,BRA,Boron,24D MA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP;

### 52 Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(SFL,CIT,ACAC,ATZ,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH) .

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1977). Results of the Damaging Effect of Water Pollutants on Daphnia magna (Befunde der Schadwirkung Wassergefahrdender Stoffe Gegen Daphnia magna). Z.Wasser-AbwasserForsch. 10: 161-166(ENG TRANSL)(OECDG Data File)(GER)(ENG ABS).

EcoReference No.: 5718 Chemical of Concern: NP,FUR,PL,PHTH,Be,ZnCl2,CPH,Ni,MCRE,DNT,Pb,Tl,Cd,CN,AN,ATC,Urea,3CE,DGME,CTC,NBZ,C BZ,TOL,BNZ,CuS,HgCl2,Ag,NaCr,Cu,BZO,As,Ni,Ag,Pb,AMSV,NaBr,APAC,Se,NaID,C8OH,DCB,CIT, BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(NP,FUR,PL,PHTH,Be,ZnCl2,CPH,Ni,MCRE,DNT,Pb,Tl,Cd,CN,AN,ATC,Urea,3CE,DGME, CTC,NBZ,CBZ,TOL,BNZ,CuS,HgCl 2,Ag,NaCr,Cu,BZO,As,Ni,Ag,Pb,AMSV,NaBr,APAC,Se,NaID,C8O H,DCB,CIT,BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G. and Kuhn, R. (1978). Testing of Substances for Their Toxicity Threshold: Model Organisms Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda. Mitt.Int.Ver.Theor.Angew.Limnol. 21: 275-284 (Author Communication Used).

EcoReference No.: 15134 Chemical of Concern: Be,Cd,Ag,CuS,Ni,SFL,HgCl2,ATZ,LNR,Pb,CN, DNT,24DC,FRN,PL,CBZ,M CRE,ETHB,FUR,NBZ,PHT H,3CE,NP,AN,CBL,CF,HCCH,ATC,Urea,CTC,NaCr,Cu,BZO,As,Se,AMSV,NaBr,NaID,C8OH,DCB,AC AC,BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(Be,Cd,CuS,Ni,SFL,HgCl2,LNR,Pb,C N,DNT,24DC,FRN,PL,CBZ ,MCRE,ETHB,FUR,NBZ,P HTH,3CE,NP,AN,CBL,CF,HCCH,ATC,UREA,CTC,Na Cr,Cu,BZO,As,Se,AMSV ,NaID,C8OH,DCB,Boro n),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,ACAC,ATZ,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Bringmann, G., Kuhn, R., and Winter, A. (1980). Determination of the Biological Effect From Water Pollutants to Protozoa. III. Saprozoic Flagellates (Bestimmung der Biologischen Schadwirkung Wassergefahrdender Stoffe Gegen Protozoen III. Saprozoische Flagellaten). Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch. 13: 170-173 (GER) (ENG ABS) (OECDG Data File).

EcoReference No.: 5719 Chemical of Concern: CTC,UREA,ATC,AN,NP,BZO,PPN,CF,BNZ,3CE, HCB,DCB,FUR,NBZ,ETH B,ACL,DXN,24DC,DNT,C N,MCRE,TOL,PL,DEAC,Pb,FRN,HgCl2,SFL,Ni,CuS,Ag,Cd,Be,NaCr,As,Ni,Ag,Cd,Se,Pb,AMSV,NaBr, NaID,C8OH,ACAC,BRA,Boron,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SFL,ACAC,BRA,Ag,NaBr,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Brown, T. M., Bryson, P. K., and Payne, G. T. (1996). Synergism by Propynyl Aryl Ethers in Permethrin-Resistant Tobacco Budworm Larvae, Heliothis virescens. Pestic.Sci. 43: 323-331.

EcoReference No.: 63595 Chemical of Concern: PPB,DDT,ES,PFF,AMZ,SPS,FYT,FNV,FPP,MP,CPY,PMR,CYP; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(PPB,AMZ),OK(PM R),TARGET(MP,PFF,SPS,CYP,FPP,FNV,FYT,DDT),NO ENDPOINT(ES).

Burridge, M. J., Peter, T. F. , Allan, S. A., and Mahan, S. M. (2002). Ev aluation of Safety and Efficacy of Acaricides for Control of the African Tortoise Tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) on Leopard Tortoises (Geochelone pardalis). J.Zoo Wildl.Med. 33: 52-57.

### 53 EcoReference No.: 71543 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CBL,CPY,CYF,FPN,HCCH,PMR,PTR; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,BEH; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(AMZ,CBL,CYF,PMR).

Castella, J. and Estrada, A. (19 94). Susceptibility of the Brown Dog Tick to Eight Acaricides, 1991. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 371 (4L).

EcoReference No.: 106250 Chemical of Concern: CMPH,DZ,CYP,DM,PMR,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(CMPH,DZ,CYP,DM,PMR,AMZ,DM).

Childers, C. C., Duncan, L. W., Wheaton, T. A., and Timmer, L. W. (1987). Arthropod and Nematode Control with Aldicarb on Florida Citrus. J.Econ.Entomol. 80: 1064-1071.

EcoReference No.: 114319 Chemical of Concern: CuS,FBOX,ADC,AMZ,MZB,Boron; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : CROP(ADC),NO MIXTURE(AMZ,MZB).

Colin, M. E. (1990). Essential Oils of Labiatae for Controlling Honey Bee Varroosis. J.Appl.Entomol. 110: 19-25.

EcoReference No.: 111792 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,PHY; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Das, S. S. (1996). Effect of a Herbal Compound for Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange Infestations on Dogs. Vet.Parasitol. 63: 303, 306 (doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(95)00913-2).

EcoReference No.: 111820 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,BEH; Code : NO CONTROL(AMZ).

De Maeyer, L., Schmidt, H. W., and P eeters, D. (2002). Envidor - A New Acar icide for IPM in Pomefruit Orchards. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr.Bayer 55: 211-236.

EcoReference No.: 75880 Chemical of Concern: SDF,AZ,AMZ,OMT,CYF,MFZ,TFY,FBOX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(SDF),OK(TFY),NO ENDPOINT(MFZ,OMT,AMZ),TARGET(CYF,AZ,FBOX,OMT).

Drummond, R. O. (1988). Susceptibility of the Gulf Coast Tick (Acari: Ixod idae) to Acaricides. J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 1140-1142.

EcoReference No.: 114521 Chemical of Concern: AsTO,TVP,PMR,MLN,PSM,DZ,CPY,CBL,AMZ,CMPH,HCCH,TXP; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP; Code : NO CONTROL(TVP,PMR,ML N,PSM,DZ,CPY,CBL,AMZ).

E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co. (1994). Department of Transportation Skin Corrosion Test of 2,3;2,4;2,5;3,4- Xylidine on Rabbit Skin with Cover Letter Dated 05/10/94 (Sanitized). EPA/OTS Doc.#86940000752s 10 p. (NTIS/OTS 0557162).

EcoReference No.: 115390 Chemical of Concern: 24DMA; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(24DMA).

Fergusson-Kolmes, L. A., Scott, J. G., and Dennehy, T. J. (1991). Dicofol Re sistance in Tetranyc hus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): Cross-Resist ance and Pharmacokinetics. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 41-48.

### 54 EcoReference No.: 112259 Chemical of Concern: PRN,ES,PPG,OML,PHSL,OTQ,MOM,FBOX,FPP,CPY,BFT,AZ,AMZ,FTT,HTX,DCF,DINO,CHX,AV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO DURATION(AMZ,AZ,BFT,CPY,FBOX,MOM,OML,FTT,ES,FPP,PPG),NO ENDPOINT(DCF,HTX).

Gilbert, M. E. and Mack, C. M. (1989 ). Enhanced Susceptibility to Kindling by Chlordimeform may be Mediated by a Local Anesthetic Action. Psychopharmacology 99: 163-167.

EcoReference No.: 112672; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY; Code : NO COC(AMZ).

Gregorc, A. and Bowen, I. D. (2000). Histochemical Characterization of Cell Deat h in Honeybee Larvae Midgut After Treatment with Paenibacillus Larv ae, Amitraz and Oxytetracycline. Cell Biol.Int. 24: 319-324.

EcoReference No.: 102455 Chemical of Concern: OXT,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : CEL; Code : NO ENDPOINT(OXT,AMZ).

Grout, T. G., Richards, G. I., and Stephen, P. R. (1997). Fu rther Non-target Effects of Citrus Pesticides on Euseius addoensis and Euseius citri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp.Appl.Acarol. 21: 171-177.

EcoReference No.: 64864 Chemical of Concern: KCB,TBO,MTM,IMC,FMP,CDF,TMP,PYX,OMT,FTT,FVL,FPN,DMT,CYP,ADC,AMZ,CHX,DCF,FZQ ,FBOX,BML,MZB,Cu,FST,CFP,FBOX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,REP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(KCB,TBO,MTM,IMC,FMP,CDF,TMP,PYX,OMT,FTT,FVL,FPN,DMT,CYP,ADC,AMZ,C HX,DCF,FZQ,FBOX,BML,MZ B,Cu,FST,CFP,FBOX).

Gunaratnam, P., Wilkinson, G. T., and Seawright, A. A. (1983). A Study of Amitraz Toxicity in Cats. Aust.Vet.J. 60: 278-279.

EcoReference No.: 111707 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,BEH,PHY; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Habtu, F. F. and Samsoe-Petersen, L. (1987). Semi-field Method for Testing Side Effects of Pesticides on Adults of the Parasitic Wasp Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae). J.Appl.Entomol. 104: 473-479.

EcoReference No.: 70460 Chemical of Concern: TYF,Captan,TBA,Maneb,CYP,ACP,AMZ,MOM,I PD,DM,PIRM,DCF,VCZ,R SM,PMR,BRSM,FNV,OM L,EFV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(TYF,Captan,TBA,Maneb,CYP,ACP,AMZ,MOM,IPD,DM,PIRM,DCF,VCZ,RSM,PMR,BRS M,FNV,OML,EFV).

Hassan, S. A., Albert, R., Bigler, F., Bl aisinger, P., Bogenschutz, H., Boller, E ., Brun, J., Chiverton, P., Edwards, P., Englert, W. D., Huang, P., Inglesfield, C., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P. J., Rieckmann, W., Samsoe-Petersen, L., Staubli, A., Tuset, J. J., Viggia ni, G., and Vanwetswinkel, G. (1987). Results of the Third Joint Pesticide Testing Programme by the IO BC/WPRS-Working Group "Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms". J.Appl.Entomol. 103: 92-107.

EcoReference No.: 59146 Chemical of Concern: AMTL,ACP,PHMD,AMZ, PMR,SZ,CBL,MOM,MZB,PZM,Captan,CTN,DFZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,POP,PHY; Code : NO CONTROL(SZ,PHMD),NO ENDPOINT(AMTL,ACP,AMZ,PMR,CBL,M OM,MZB,PZM,Captan,CTN,DFZ).

Hiepe, T. (1988). Advances in Control of Ectoparasites in Large Animals. Angew.Parasitol. 29: 201-210.

### 55 EcoReference No.: 108085 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,TCF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(AMZ,TCF).

Iwata, Y., Walker, G. P., O'Neal, J. R., and Barkley, J. H. (1985). Residues of Acephate, Amitraz, Chlorpyrifos and Formetanate Hydrochloride on and in Fruits After Low-Volume Applications to Orange Trees. Pestic.Sci. 16: 172-178.

EcoReference No.: 112336 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,ACP,CPY,FTT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ,ACP,CPY,FTT).

Juhnke, I. and Luedemann, D. (1978). Results of the Investigation of 200 Chemical Compounds for Acute Fish Toxicity with the Golden Orfe Test (Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von 200 Chemischen Verbindungen auf Akute Fischtoxizitat mit dem Goldorfentest). Z.Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch. 11: 161-164 (GER) (ENG TRANSL) (OECDG Data File).

EcoReference No.: 547 Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CBL,HCCH,ACL,FUR,BZO,AMSV,APAC,C8 OH,DCB,Se,CIT,ACAC,24DMA,ETHN,MOL,PPNO L,nBUT,AMYOH; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(ATZ,CBL,HCCH,ACL,FUR,BZO,AMSV,APAC,C8OH,DCB,Se,CIT,ACAC,24DMA,ETHN, MOL,PPNOL,nBUT,AMYOH).

Kashian, D. R. (2002). Reproduction and Development in Daphnia: The Role of Hormones, Pesticides and Detoxification. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of Wisconsin, Madison,WI 92 p. (Publ in Part As 73376,75106,93397).

EcoReference No.: 82722 Chemical of Concern: CZE,24D,AMZ,MBZ,ACR, ACO,LNR,PPB,TXP,DDT,PHTH,DFZ,MTL; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR,REP,GRO,BCM,POP; Code : NO PUBL AS(PPB,TXP,24D,LNR,ACR,AMZ,DFZ,DQT,MTL).

Kaya, B., Yanikoglu, A., Creus, A., and Marcos, R. (2000). Genotoxicity Testing of Five Herbicides in the Drosophila Wing Spot Test. Mutat.Res. 465: 77-84.

EcoReference No.: 82394 Chemical of Concern: DQTBr,AMTL,MBZ,PMT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : CEL,GRO; Code : NO ENDPOINT(DQTBr,AMZ,MBZ,PMT).

Knowles, C. O. and Benezet, H. J. (1981). Excretion Balance, Metabolic Fate and Tissue Residues Following Treatment of Rats with Amitraz and N'-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-N-Methylformamidine. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 16: 547-555.

EcoReference No.: 111795 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Lodesani, M., Pellacani, A., Bergomi, S., Carpana, E., Rab itti, T., and Lasagni, P. (1992) . Residue Determination for Some Products Used Against Varroa Infestation in Bees. Apidologie 23: 257-272.

EcoReference No.: 108603 Chemical of Concern: TML,AMZ,FVL; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(TML,AMZ).

Marletto, F., Patetta, A., and Manino, A. (2003). Laborato ry Assessment of Pesticide Toxicity to Bumblebees.

### 56 Bull.Insectol. 56: 155-158.

EcoReference No.: 73698 Chemical of Concern: RTN,PHSL,IMC,LCYT,CYF,DMT,ABM,ACP,CBL,CPYM,MOM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPYM,RTN,IMC,MOM),OK(PHSL,LCYT,CYF,ABM,ACP,CBL),NO COC(AMZ).

Moser, V. C. and MacPhail, R. C. ( 1985). Yohimbine Attenuates the Delayed Lethality Induced in Mice by Amitraz, a Formamidine Pesticide. Toxicol.Lett. 28: 99-104.

EcoReference No.: 112032 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,MOR,GRO; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Moss, J. I. (1996). Synergism of Toxicity of N,N-Diet hyl-m-Toluamide to German Cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) by Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors. J.Econ.Entomol. 89: 1151-1155.

EcoReference No.: 93301 Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,AMZ, PMR,LCYT,PPB,DEET, CBL,TBF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO MIXTURE(PMR,PPB,TBF),NO CONTROL(MLN,CPY,CBL,AMZ).

Naranjo, S. E., Ellsworth, P. C., and Hagler, J. R. (200 4). Conservation of Natural Enemies in Cotton: Role of Insect Growth Regulators in Management of Bemisia tabaci. Biol.Control 30: 52-72.

EcoReference No.: 115253 Chemical of Concern: BPZ,FPP,ACP,PFF,AMZ,ES,OML; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(OML,ACP),NO MIXTURE(ES,AMZ,PFF,FPP).

Nishiuchi, Y. (1980). Toxicity of Formulated Pesticides to Fresh Water Organisms LXXII. Suisan Zoshoku 27: 238- 244 (JPN).

EcoReference No.: 6701 Chemical of Concern: CPYM,AMZ,PPG,TVP,PIM,ES,FLAC,PHSL,NCTN,HPT,RTN,DDT,CHD,DLD,MOM,ACP,Naled,CPY, TVPM,TDC; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(RTN,PPG,CPYM,CPY,Naled,TVPM,ACP,ES,TDC,AMZ).

Nishiuchi, Y. and Asano, K. (1979). Toxicity of Agricu ltural Chemicals to Some Freshwater Organisms - LIX. The Aquiculture (Suisan Zoshoku) 27: 48-55 (JPN) (ENG TRANSL).

EcoReference No.: 6954 Chemical of Concern: ACP,ACR,ATZ,BMC,BT,Captan,CP Y,CTN,Cu,CuOH,CuS,DDVP,DMT,DU,DZ,Folpet,HCCH,LNR,MA L,MDT,MLN,MOM,PCP,PEB,PHMD,PMT,PNB,PPG,P QT,PSM,QOC,TBC,TFN,RT N,CuCl,PPZ,Zn,Ni, As,DCB,CPYM,EPTC,Ziram,TVPM,STRP,SFR,TCF,BMY,PPN,DCF,PPX,DQTBr,TDC,AMZ; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(RTN,Ziram,EPTC,PPG,LNR,PSM,CPYM, CPY,DMT,MLN,BMC,CTN,QOC,Captan,Folpet,A TZ,TVPM,DZ,DU,STRP,SFR,ACP,DDVP,TCF,BMY, PPN,DCF,PMT,ACR,PQT,TBC,TFN,PPX,DQTBr, TDC,BT,AMZ).

Otsuka, S. (1975). Plant Protection and Pesticide News. Pesticides: Amitoraz EC, Orthobencarb Herbicide, and Oxadiazon Combined Fertilizer. Nogyo Oyobi Engei 50: 1171-1172 (JPN) (ENG ABS).

EcoReference No.: 6290 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : A; Code : NO CONTROL(AMZ) .

### 57 Petney, T. N. and Knight, M. M. (1988). The Treatment of Ticks on Tortoises Using Amitraz. J.S.Afr.Vet.Assoc. 59: 206.

EcoReference No.: 111797 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Pico, Y., Farre, M., Tokman, N., and Barcelo, D. (2008). Rapid and Sensitive Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Amitraz and Identification of Its Degrada tion Products in Fruits. J.Chromatogr.A 1203: 36-46.

EcoReference No.: 111917 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Roberts, M. C. and Seawright, A. A. (1979). Amitr az Induced Large Intestinal Impaction in the Horse. Aust.Vet.J. 55: 553-554.

EcoReference No.: 111723 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY; Code : NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Rovesti, L. and Deseo, K. V. (1990). Compatibility of Chemical Pesticides with the Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and S.feltiae Filipjev (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). Nematologica 36: 237-245.

EcoReference No.: 70083 Chemical of Concern: DM,FMP,PPG,AMZ,AND,MOM,PRT,MTAS,DZ,PRN,PPHD,ES,PAQT,ACR,DOD,CYX,TFN,OXF,PH MD,LNR,PNB,DFZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,PHY; Code : NO ENDPOINT(DM,FMP,PPG,AMZ,AND,MOM,PRT,MTAS,DZ,PRN,PPHD,ES,PAQT,ACR,DOD,CYX,T FN,OXF,PHMD,LNR,PNB,DFZ),NO COC(CTN).

Rovesti, L., Heinzpeter, E. W., Taglie nte, F., and Deseo, K. V. (1988). Compatibility of Pesticides with the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacterio phora Poinar (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae). Nematologica 34: 462-476.

EcoReference No.: 93075 Chemical of Concern: DOD,FRM,AMZ,PCZ,CHX,PPM,FOLPET,MLX,CBF,C BD,MTAS,DCF,Dino,CTN,SFR,CuS,THM,MZB ,PPG,DZ,ES,HCCH,PRN,PRT,TBO,FNF,CPY,ADC,MOM,DFZ,HTX,OXF,ACR,PQT; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : MOR, BEH; Code : NO ENDPOINT(DOD,FRM,AMZ,PCZ,CHX,PPM,FOLPE T,MLX,CBF,CBD,MTAS,DCF,Dino,CTN,SFR,Cu S,THM,MZB,PPG,DZ,ES,HCCH,PRN,PRT,TBO,FNF,CPY,ADC,MOM,DFZ,HTX,OXF,ACR,PQT).

Saha, T., Chatterjee, S., Saha, K., Chowdhury, A., Somchou dhury, A. K., and Bhattacharyya, A. (2000). Residues of Amitraz, a new Acaricide, on Tea. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 65: 215-221.

EcoReference No.: 53802 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

Schafers, C. and Hassink, J. (1996). Experimental Simulation of Pesticide Loading in a Stream Mesocosm. Brighton Crop Prot.Conf.: Pests and Diseases 97-102.

EcoReference No.: 111799 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : A; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ).

### 58 Sugar, D. and Westigard, P. H. (1993). Over-Tree Irrigation in Pear Orchards Influences Persistence of Foliar Residues of Four Pesticides. Hortscience 28: 1020-1021.

EcoReference No.: 76479 Chemical of Concern: DOD,AMZ,FTT,FRM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : ACC; Code : NO CONTROL(DOD,AMZ,FTT,FRM).

Takeuchi, S., Matsuda, T., Kobayashi, S., Takahashi, T., and Kojima, H. (2006). In Vitro Screening of 200 Pesticides for Agonistic Activity via Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma and Quantitative Analysis of In Vivo Induction Pathway. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 217: 235-244.

EcoReference No.: 89206 Chemical of Concern: AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,DFPM, FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DMT,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,MLN,MTM,M DT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TVP, TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,EFX,FNV,FYT,FVL ,PMR,PYN,TFT,TLM,BDC,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF ,CPP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML,PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM, ACR,ASM,FTL,MLX,MTL,PZM,AN Z,ATZ,MBZ,PRO,PMT,SZ,BSF,D FZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BPH,BT N,DZM,EXQ,FRM,ILL,IMC,IPD,MCPA,24DXY,PAQT,PDM,PCZ,SXD,TBAH,TPM,TDF,TFZ,TFN,TF R,TVMP, VCZ,FTL,FNZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BCM,CEL; Code : OK(ILL,PYN,DFPM),NO IN VITRO(AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACF M,FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DM T,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,MLN,MTM, MDT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TVP,TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,EFX,FNV,FYT,F VL,PMR,TFT,TLM,BDC,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF,C PP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML, PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM,AC R,ASM,FTL,MLX,MTL,PZM,ANZ,ATZ,MBZ,PRO, PMT,SZ,BSF,DFZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BPH,BTN,D ZM,EXQ,FRM,IMC,IPD,MCPA,24DXY,PAQT,PDM,PCZ,SXD,TBAH,TPM,TDF,TFZ,TFN,TFR,TVMP , VCZ,FTL,FNZ).

Van Leeuwen, T., Stillatus, V., and Tirry, L. U. C. (20 04). Genetic Analysis and Cross-Resistance Spectrum of a Laboratory-Selected Chlorfenapyr Resi stant Strain of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp.Appl.Acarol. 32: 249-261 .

EcoReference No.: 75967 Chemical of Concern: DMT,SDF, CFP,AMZ,PPB,BFT,CTZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO CONTROL(AMZ),TARGET(BFT,CTZ, DMT,SDF,CFP),MIXTURE(PPB).

Winters, K., Batterton, J. C., and Van Baalen, C. (1977). Ph enalene-1-One: Occurrence in a Fuel Oil and Toxicity to Microalgae. Environ.Sci.Technol. 11: 270-272.

EcoReference No.: 7433 Chemical of Concern: 24DMA; Habitat : A; Code : NO ENDPOINT(24DMA).

Witherell, P. C. and Herbert, E. W. Jr. (1988). Evaluation of Several Possible Treatments to Control Varroa Mite Varroa jacobsoni (Oud.) on Honey Bees in Packages. Am.Bee J. 128: 441-445.

EcoReference No.: 111793 Chemical of Concern: FVL,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR,BEH; Code : NO ENDPOINT(AMZ,FVL).

Excluded

Reregistration Eligibility Decision (Red): Amit raz (Includes Red Facts: Amitraz Fact Sheet). Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 08, 2097

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

### 59 Status Report of Industrial Hygiene Monitoring at the Follansbee, West Virginia Plant With Cover Letter. Epa/ots; doc #878220551

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Summary Status Report of Industrial Hygiene Monitoring Tar Distillation Plants. Epa/ots; doc #878211619

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,FATE.

Abed, T. and Ducos de Lahitte, J. (1993). Determination of Ld Sub(50) of Amitraz and Coumaphos on Varroa Jacobsoni Oud by Means of An ti-Varroa) (Schering) and Pe rizin) (Bayer) Acaricides. Apidologie. Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 121-128. 1993. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Addison, R. F. and Brodie, P. F. (1987). Transfer of Organochlorine Residues From Blubber Through the Circulatory System to Milk in the Lact ating Grey Seal Halichoerus Grypus_ _. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 44: 782-786. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO CONC/NO DURATION/SURVEY.

Ahlers, J. Benzing M., Gies, A., Pauli, W., and Roesick, E. (1988). Yeast as an Unicellular Model System in Ecotoxicology and Xenobiochemistry. International workshop on advances in environmental hazard and risk assessment 1987, schmallenberg-grafschaft, west germany, september 21-23, 1987. Chemosphere 17: 1603-1616. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : YEAST.

Al-Rifai, J. and Akeel, N. (1997). Determination of Pestic ide Residues in Imported and Locally Produced Honey in Jordan. Journal of apicultural research 36: 155-161. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD,SURVEY.

Allen, R. and Arnold, D. J. (1990). The Comparative Fa te of ( Super(14)C)-Amitraz in Different Sediment/Water Types. British crop protection council. Brighton crop protection conference: pests and diseases, 1990, vols. 1, 2 and 3; international conference, brighton, england, uk, november 19-22, 1990. Xxii+396p.(Vol. 1); xxii+482p.(Vol. 2); xxii+386p.(Vol. 3) british cr op protection: farnham, england, uk. Illus. Maps. Paper. Isbn 0-948404-46-9(vol. 1); isbn 0-948404-47-4(vol. 2); isbn 0-948404-48-8(vol. 3); isbn 0- 948404-45-0(set).; 0 (0). 1990. 1023-1028. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Altobelli, D., Martire, M., Maurizi, S., and Preziosi, P. (2001). Inte raction of Formamidine Pesticides With the Presynaptic Alpha -Adrenoceptor Regulating [H]Noradrenaline Release From Rat Hypothalamic Synaptosomes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology [Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.]. Vol. 172, no. 3, pp. 179-185. 1 May 2001. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Ang, E. L., Obbard, J. P., and Zhao, H. ( Directed Evolution of Aniline Dioxygenase for Enhanced Bioremediation of Aromatic Amines. Appl microbiol biotechnol. 2009, jan; 81(6):1063-70. [Applied microbiology and biotechnology]: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ, 24DMA Code : BACTERIA.

Ang, E. L., Obbard, J. P., and Zhao , H. ( Probing the Molecular Determinants of Aniline Dioxygenase Substrate Specificity by Saturation Mutagenesis. Febs j. 2007, feb; 274(4):928-39. [The febs journal]: FEBS J

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Anon (1985). Broader Choice of Bee-Safe Pesticides Available. Citrograph 70: 185-186. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO TOX DATA.

Anon (1991). Official Plant Protection Agent List With a Plant Protection Device List of the Federal Institute for Plant Protection Vienna Austria Status as of October 31 1990. Pflanzenschutz (vienna) 0: 1-78.

### 60 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Archibald, S. O. and Winter, C. K. (1990). Pesticides in Our Food Assessing the Risks. Winter, c. K., J. N. Seiber and c. F. Nuckton (ed.). Chemicals in the human food chain. Xv+276p. Van nostrand reinhold: florence, kentucky, usa London, england, uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-442-00421-4.; 0: 1-50. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD,HUMAN HEALTH.

Arzone, A. and Patetta, A. ( Twenty Years of Res earches on the Action of Pesticides on Honeybees. APIC MOD; 81 (3). 1990. 111-116. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Aslan, S., Bilge, F., Aydinli, B., Ocak, T., Uzkeser, M., Erdem, A. F., and Katirci, Y. (2005). Amitraz: an Unusual Aetiology of Ogilvie's Syndrome. Human & Experimental Toxicology [Hum. Exp. Toxicol.]. Vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 481-483. Sep 2005. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Assan, R. and Larger, E. (1993). The Role of Toxins. Leslie, r. D. G. (Ed.). Causes of diabetes: genetic and environmental factors . Xiii+355p. John wiley and sons, inc.: New york, new york, usa Chichester, england, uk. Isbn 0-471-94040-2.; 0: 105-123. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Auger, J., Birkett, M. A., Coats, J., Cohen, S. Z., Hawk es, T. R., Lucca, P., Narayana n, K. S., Potrykus, I., and Robertson, A. (1998). All Specialisations Were Catered for at the Iupac Conference (London, Uk: August, 1998; Iupac). International pest control 40: 204-207. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Avsarogullari, L., Ikizceli, I., Sungur, M., SÖ, Z&Uu ml, Er, E., Akdur, O., YÜ, and Cei, M. ( Acute Amitraz Poisoning in Adults: Clinical Features, Laboratory Findings, and Management. Clin toxicol (phila). 2006; 44(1):19-23. [Clinical toxicology (philadelphia, pa.)]: Clin Toxicol (Phila)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Aydin, K., Kurtoglu, S., Poyrazoglu, M. H., Uzum, K., Ustu nbas, H. B., and Hallac, I. K. (1997). Amitraz Poisoning in Children: Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Eight Cases. Human & experimental toxicology 16: 680- 682. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Aydin, K., Kurtoglu, S., Uzum, K., Poyrazoglu, M. H. , and Ustunbas, H. B. (1996). Amitraz Poisoning in Childhood: Presentation of Five Cases. Cocuk sagligi ve hastaliklari dergisi 39: 511-515. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,HUMAN HEALTH.

Badegana, A. and Heungens, A. ( Effectiveness of Some Acaricides in the Contro l of Tetranychus-Urticae on Solanum-Aethiopicum. Meded fac landbouwwet rijksuniv gent; 51 (4). 1986 (recd. 1987). 1407-1412. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Baez, M. E., Rodriguez, M., Lastra, O., and Contreras, P. (1997). Solid Phase Extraction of Organophosphorus, Triazine, and Triazole-Derived Pesticides From Water Samples. A Critical Study. Hrc journal of high resolution chromatography 20: 591-596. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Baker, P. B. and Woods, D. R. ( Co-Metabolism of the Ixodicide Amitraz. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 42(2): 187-196 1977.. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Barratt, M. D., Brantom, P. G., Fentem, J. H., Gerner, I., Walker, A. P., and Worth, A. P. (1998). The Ecvam International Validation Study on in Vitro Tests for Sk in Corrosivity. 1. Selection and Distribution of the Test Chemicals. Toxicology in vitro 12: 471-482.

### 61 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,IN VITRO.

Basak, S. C. and Grunwald, G. D. (1995). Predicting Mutagenicity of Chemicals Using Topological and Quantum Chemical Parameters: a Similarity Based Study. Chemosphere 31: 2529-2546. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : METHODS.

Bayer, E. and Fleischhauer, G. (1993). Status Report on the Testing Activities According to the German Program for Existing Chemicals. Chemosphere 26: 1789-1822. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,REVIEW.

Beland, F. A., Melchior, W. B Jr, Mourato, L. Lg , Santos, M. A., and Marques, M. M. (1997). Arylamine-Dna Adduct Conformation in Relation to Mutagenesis. Mutation research 376: 13-19. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Birner, G. and Neumann, H. G. (1987). Biomonitoring of Aromatic Amines Binding of Substituted Anilines to Rat Hemoglobin. 28th spring meeting of the deutsche gesellschaft fuer pharmakologie und toxikologie(german society for pharmacology and toxicology), mainz, west germany, march 10-13, 1987. Naunynschmiedeberg's arch pharmacol 335: R19. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

Bizovi, K., Mcmanus, B., Erickson, T., Vanrooyen, M., Ph illips, J., and Dahlman, B. (1995). Human Exposure to the Pesticide Amitraz in Kenya. North american congress of clinical to xicology annual meeting, rochester, new york, usa, september 16-19, 1995. Journal of toxicology clinical toxicology 33: 525. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,ABSTRACT.

Bolt, H. M., Neumann, H. G., and Lewalter, J. (1985). The Problems of Setting Biological Tolerance Values for Aromatic Amines. Arbeitsmed sozialmed praeventivmed 20: 197-201. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,HUMAN HEALTH.

Bornstein, D. A., Scola, J., Rath, A., and Warren, H. B. ( Multimodal Approach to Treatment for Control of Fur Mites. J am assoc lab anim sci. 2006, jul; 45(4):29-32. [Journal of the american association for laboratory animal science : jaalas]: J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Branner, B., Kutzer, C., Zwickenpflug, W., Scherer, G., Heller, W. D., and Richter, E. (1998). HaemoglobinAdducts From Aromatic Amines and Tabacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Pregnant Smoking and NonSmoking Women. Biomarkers 3: 35-47. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Bredal, W. P., Vollset, I., and Soli, N. E. (1994) . Ectoparasiticides for Dogs and Cats in Norway. Norsk veterinaertidsskrift 106: 1043-1055. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Brehm, M. (1992). Examples for Extrapolation of Photolysis Reactions From the Laboratory to the Environment. 204th american chemical society national meeting, washington, d.c., Usa, august 23-28, 1992. Abstr pap am chem soc 204: Agro 144. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT,CHEM METHODS.

Brimecombe, R. D., Fogel, R., and Limson, J. L. ( Electrochemical Monitoring of the Biodegradation of 2,4- Dimethylaniline. J agric food chem. 2006, nov 15; 54(23):8799-803. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food Chem

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Brimecombe, R. D. and Limson, J. L. ( Electrochemical Investigation of th e Effect of Ph an d Solvent on Amitraz Stability. J agric food chem. 2006, oct 18; 54(21):8139-43. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J

### 62 Agric Food Chem

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Brown, T. M. (1991). Reactio n of Amitraz With Acephate. 201st acs national meeting of the american chemical society, atlanta, georgia, usa, april 14-19, 1991. Abstr pap am chem soc 201: Agro 61. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

Bryant, M. S., Vineis, P., Skipper, P. L., and Tannenbaum, S. R. (1988 ). Hemoglobin Adducts of Aromatic Amines Associations With Smoking Status and Type of Tobacco. Proc natl acad sci u s a 85: 9788-9791. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Bryant, M. S. Vineis P., Skipper, P. L., and Tannenbaum, S. R. (1988). Hemoglobin Adducts of Aromatic Amines in People Exposed to Cigarette Smoke . Bartsch, h., K. Hemminki and i. K. O'neill (ed.). Iarc (international agency for research on cancer) scientific publications, no. 89. Methods for detecting dna damaging agents in humans: applications in canc er epidemiology and prevention Symposium on detection of dna-damaging agents in man, espoo, finland, september 2-4, 1987. Xi+518p. Oxford university press: new york, new york, usa; oxford, england, uk; international agency for res earch on cancer: lyon, france. Illus. Paper. Isbn 92- 832-1189-8.; 0: 133-136. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Buronfosse, T. and Buronfosse, F. (1995). Intoxication of Domestic Carnivores by Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Recueil de medecine veterinaire de l'ecole d'alfort 171: 135-141 [135-142]. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,NON-ENGLISH.

Bussieras, J. and Chermette, R. (1986 ). Amitraz and Canine Demodicosis. J am anim hosp assoc 22: 779-782. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Caldow, M., Fussell, R. J., Smith, F., and Sharman, M. ( Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Total Amitraz in Fruit and Honey With Quantifica tion by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Food addit contam. 2007, mar; 24(3):280-4. [Food additives and contaminants]: Food Addit Contam

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Camoni, I., Di Muccio a, Bellisai, M. S., and Citti, P. (1 993). Pesticide Residue Control in the Years 1988-1989 in Italy. Biomed environ sci 6: 161-171. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : SURVEY,FOOD.

Campos, A. R. and Gravena, S. ( Insecticides B acillus-Thuringiensis and Ar thropod Predators in the Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Integrated Control. An soc entomol bras; 13 (1). 1984 (recd. 1985). 95-106. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Chatani, Y., Chikamoto, T., Munehisa, M., Adachi, T., and Komatsu, M. (1996). Systematic Determination of Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits. Journal of the food hy gienic society of japan 37: 215-221. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON ENGLISH,CHEM METHODS.

Chen, A. C., He, H., and Davey, R. B. ( Mutations in a Putative Octopamine Receptor Gene in Amitraz-Resistant Cattle Ticks. Vet parasitol. 2007, sep 30; 148(3-4):379-83. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO TOXICANT.

Chen, T. H. and Hsu, W. H. (1994). Inhibition of In sulin Release by a Formamidine Pesticide Amitraz and Its Metabolites in a Rat Beta-Cell Line: an Action Mediated by Alpha-2 Adrenoceptors, a Gtp-Binding Protein and a Decrease in Cyclic Amp. Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 271: 1240-1245. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Chen, Z., Hu, Y., Yang, F., Song, W., and Ye, F. (199 4). Study on the Control of Asetacus Cunninghamiae. Forest research 7: 313-318.

### 63 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Childers, C. C., Easterbrook, M. A., and Solomon, M. G. (1996). Chemical Control of Eriophyoid Mites. In: E.E.Lindquist, M.W.Sabelis, and J.Bruin (Eds.), World Crop Pests, Volume 6, Eriophyoid Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Elsevier Sci.Publ., Amsterdam, Netherlands 6: 695-726. Chem Codes : EcoReference No.: 92105 Chemical of Concern: SFR,DCF,OTQ,PPG,ETN,FTT,Zineb,MZB,BMY,FO,HTX,DFZ,ABM,AMZ,CAP,CPY,PYT,CBL,DM,D CF,ES,FPP,FPY,FCX,PIRM,PRB,TFY,DINO,FRM,TDF,PHSL,PRT,DDT,MDT,Maneb,Folpet,TFR,MLX ,Captan,CHX,EN,DDVP,PPHD,OXD,DMT,OMT,DCTP,DZ,ADC,OML,BFT,FYT,FUL,PPX,MCB,CTZ, HFR Code : REVIEW.

Childers, C. C., Easterbrook, M. A., and Solomon, M. G. (1996). Chemical Control of Eriophyoid Mites. In: E.E.Lindquist, M.W.Sabelis, and J.Bruin (Eds.), World Crop Pests, Volume 6, Eriophyoid Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Elsevier Sci.Publ., Amsterdam, Netherlands 6: 695-726. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: SFR,DCF,OTQ,PPG,ETN,FTT,Zineb,MZB,BMY,FO,HTX,DFZ,ABM,AMZ,CAP,CPY,PYT,CBL,DM,D CF,ES,FPP,FPY,FCX,PIRM,PRB,TFY,DINO,FRM,TDF,PHSL,PRT,DDT,MDT,Maneb,Folpet,TFR,MLX ,Captan,CHX,EN,DDVP,PPHD,OXD,DMT,OMT,DCTP,DZ,ADC,OML,BFT,FYT,FUL,PPX,MCB,CTZ, HFR Code : REVIEW.

Cobey, S. and Lawrence, T. (1988). Varroa Mite: Potential Methods of Control. Am.Bee J. 128: 112-117. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FVL Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Cockburn, A., Harvey, P. W., Needham, D., Cass, L. Mr, and Dewland, P. M. (1993). Double Blind Human Single Dose Tolerance Study of Amitraz With Evaluatio n of Autonomic Sensory and Psychomotor Function. Meeting of the british toxicology society and the british society of toxicological pathologists, canterbury, england, uk, april 5-7, 1993. Human & experimental toxicology 12: 571. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,ABSTRACT.

Cooper, J. F., Wynn, N. R., Deuse, J. P. L., Coste, C. M., Zheng, S. Q., and Schiffers, B. C. (1997). Impact of Insecticides on Wild Fauna: A Proposed Toxicity Index. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Rijksuniv.Race 62: 599- 606. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: PRT,PHSL,PPHD,PIM,PIRM,PFF,PTP,PPX,PRB,RTN,SFT,SPS,TFT,TMP,TBO,TMT,TDC,TLM,TCF,H PT,HFR,IMC,IZF,IFP,LCYT,HCCH,MLN,MTM,MDT,MOM,MTPN,MXC,Naled,OMT,OML,OXD,PRN, MP,PCB,PMR,CYH,CYP,CHT,CYR,DD,DZM,DDT,DM,DEM,DZ,DDVP,DLD,DFZ,DMT,DS,ES,EFV, ETN,FNT,FPP,FNTH,FNV,FPN,FCX,FYT,FVL,FNP,ABM,ACP,ADC,AND,ATN,AMZ,AZM,AZ,BDC, BCY,BFT,BRSM,BPZ,CBL,CBF,CHD,CLP,CPY ,CPYM,CMPH,CST,CYF,CYR,SMT Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Cooper, J. F., Wynn, N. R., Deuse, J. P. L., Coste, C. M., Zheng, S. Q., and Schiffers, B. C. (1997). Impact of Insecticides on Wild Fauna: a Proposed Toxicity Index. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Rijksuniv.Race 62: 599- 606. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: PRT,PHSL,PPHD,PIM,PIRM,PFF,PTP,PPX,PRB,RTN,SFT,SPS,TFT,TMP,TBO,TMT,TDC,TLM,TCF,H PT,HFR,IMC,IZF,IFP,LCYT,HCCH,MLN,MTM,MDT,MOM,MTPN,MXC,Naled,OMT,OML,OXD,PRN, MP,PCB,PMR,PTR,CYH,CYP,CHT,CYR,DD,DZM,DDT,DM,DEM,DZ,DDVP,DLD,DFZ,DMT,DS,ES, EFV,ETN,FNT,FPP,FNTH,FNV,FPN,FCX,FYT,FVL,FNP,ABM,ACP,ADC,AND,ATN,AMZ,AZM,AZ,B DC,BCY,BFT,BRSM,BPZ,CBL,CBF,CHD,CLP,CPY,CPYM,CMPH,CST,CYF,CYR Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Cooper, R. L., Goldman, J. M., and Stoker, T. E. (1999). Neuroendocrine and Reproductive Effects of Contemporary-Use Pesticides. Toxicology and industrial health 15: 26-36. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

### 64 Cordle, M. K. (1988). Usda Regulation of Residues in Meat and Poultry Products. J anim sci 66: 413-433. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD.

Corta, E., Bakkali, A., Berrueta, L. A., Gallo, B., an d Vicente, F. (1999). Kinetic s and Mechanism of Amitraz Hydrolysis in Aqueous Media by Hplc and Gc-Ms. Talanta 48: 189-199. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Csicsaky, M. J. and Rodriguez-Farre, E. (1990). Neur otoxic Substances Also Posi ng a Cancer Risk a Warning. Second meeting of the international neurotoxicology association, sitges, spain, may 22-26, 1989. Neurotoxicol teratol 12: 677-681. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Curtis, R. J. (1985). Amitraz in the Control of Non-Ixodide Ectoparasites of Livestock. Xviith international congress of entomology, hamburg, west germany, aug. 20-26, 1984. Vet parasitol 18: 251-264. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

D'angelo, M. and Rodrigues, M. A Lr (1996). Amitraz Effects on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mammalian Cells in Vitro. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 33: 163-167. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : VIRUS.

Darakchieva, L. (1985). Response of Greenhouse Populations of Tetranychus- Urticae to Acaricides of Slow Lethal or Repellent Effect. Pochvozn agrokhim rastit zasht 20: 126-134. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Davenport, A. P., Morton, D. B., and Evans, P. D. ( 1985). Formamidine Derivatives Increase the Atp Levels in Locust Skeletal Muscle. International symposium on neuropharmacology and pesticide action held at neurotox '85, bath, england, mar. 31-apr. 4, 1985. Pestic sci 16: 556-558. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

Davenport, Anthony P., Morton, David B., and Evans, Peter D. (1985). The action of formamidines on octopamine receptors in the locust. 24: 45-52. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

De Lahitte Jd (1987). On Perizin. Sante abeille 0: 54-61. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

De Oliveira C Al, Rigotto, E. L., and Da Silva J Rt ( Application of Chemical Products in the Control of Rust Mite Phyllocoptruta-Oleivora and Their Effects on Predator Mites in Citrus. An soc entomol bras; 13 (1). 1984 (recd. 1985). 47-62. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

De Villiers, M. M., Van Eeden, C. M., Malan, S. F., De varakonda, B., Liebenberg, W., and Kolling, W. M. ( The Relationship Between Surface Adsorption and the Hydrolysis of Amitraz in Anionic Surfactant Solutions. J environ sci health b. 2005; 40(2):215-31. [Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food contaminants, and agricu ltural wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Debayle, D., Dessalces, G., and Grenier-Loustalot, M. F. ( Multi-Residue Analysis of Traces of Pesticides and Antibiotics in Honey by Hplc-Ms-Ms. Anal bioanal chem. 2008, jun; 391(3):1011-20. [Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry]: Anal Bioanal Chem

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Debnath, A. K., Debnath, G., Shusterman, A. J., and Hansch, C. (1992). A Qsar Investigation of the Role of Hydrophobicity in Regulating Mutagenicity in the Ames Test: 1. Mutagenicity of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Amines in Salmonella Typhimurium Ta98 and Ta100. Environ mol mutagen 19: 37-52.

### 65 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Delay, R. L., Lacoste, E., Mezzasalma, T., and Blond-Riou, F. ( Pharmacokinetics of Metaflumizone and Amitraz in the Plasma and Hair of Dogs Following Topical Application. Vet parasitol. 2007, dec 15; 150(3):251-7. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Demirel, Y., Yilmaz, A., Gursoy, S., Kaygusuz, K., and Mi maroglu, C. ( Acute Amitraz Intoxication: Retrospective Analysis of 45 Cases. Hum exp toxicol. 2006, oct; 25(10):613-7. [Human & experimental toxicology]: Hum Exp Toxicol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Dennehy, T. J. and Williams, L. Iii (1997). Management of Resistance in Bemisia in Arizona Cotton. Pesticide science 51: 398-406. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Detry, M. (1985). Trial With a New Compound Against Cattle Psoroptic Mange Amitraz Taktic

. Ann med vet 129: 173-178. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Dittrich, V., Uk, S., and Ernst, G. H. (1990). Chemical Control and In secticide Resistance of Whiteflies. Gerling, d. (Ed.). Whiteflies: their bionomics, pest status and management. Xvi+348p. Intercept ltd.: Andover, england, uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-946707-16-2. 0: 263-286. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Doganay, Z., Aygun, D., Altintop, L., Guven, H., and Bildik, F. (2002). Basic Toxicological Approach Has Been Effective in Two Poisoned Patients W ith Amitraz Ingestion: Case Reports. Human & Experimental Toxicology [Hum. Exp. Toxicol.]. Vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 55-57. Jan 2002. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Dourson, M. L., Knauf, L. A., and Swartout, J. C. (1992). On Reference Dose (Rfd) and Its Underlying Toxicity Data Base. Toxicol ind health 8: 171-189. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Dourson, M. L. and Lu, F. C. (1995). Safety/Risk Assessment of Chemicals Compared for Different Expert Groups. Biomedical and environmental sciences 8: 1-13. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : METHODS,REVIEW.

Downer, R. G. H., Gole, J. W. D., and Orr, G. L. (1 985). Interaction of Formamidines With Octopamine-, Dopamine- and 5-Hydroxytryptamine-Sensitive Adenyl ate Cyclase in the Nerve Cord of Periplaneta Americana . Pesticide Science [PESTIC. SCI.]. Vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 472-478. 1985. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Dujin, T., Jovanovi, V., Stajner, B. , Olah, M., Savic, M., and Suvakov, D. (1988). Honeybee Health Care Ii. Prevention of Spread of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Honey B ees in the Province of Vojvodina Yugoslavia. Vet glas 42: 739-744. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Dureja, P. and Parmar, B. S. ( Mitigation of Environm ental Hazards of Agrochemicals the Indian Scenario. Dhaliwal, g. S., Et al. (Ed.). Ecological agriculture and sustai nable development, vols. 1 and 2; international conference on ecological agriculture: towards sustai nable development, chandigarh, india, november 15-17, 1997. Xxv+688p.(Vol. 1); xxiii+712p.(Vo l. 2) indian ecological society: ludhiana, india; centre for research in rura l and industrial developme nt: chandigarh, india. Is bn 81-85835-38 -1(vol. 1); isbn 81-85835-39-x(vol. 2).; 0 (0). 1998. 521-534. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

### 66 Eagle, D. J., Jones, J. Lo, Jewell, E. J., and Paxton , R. P. (1992). Determination of Pesticides by Gas Chromatography and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Smith, k. A. (Ed.). Books in soils, plants, and the environment: soil analysis: modern instrumental techniques, second edition. Ix+659. Marcel dekker, inc.: New york, new york, usa Basel, switzerland. Illus. Isbn 0-8247-8355-7.; 0: 547-600. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Ebing, W. ( Communications From the Federal Biological Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Berlin-Dahlem No. 236. Gas Chromatography of Pesticides Tabular Literature Abstracts Series Xv. Ebing, w. Mitteilungen aus der biologischen bundesanstalt fuer land- und forstwirtschaft berlin-dahlem, heft 236. Gaschromatographie der pflanzenschutzmittel: tabella rische literaturreferate: xv; (communications from the federal biological institute for agriculture and forestry berlin-dahlem, no. 236. Gas chromatography of pesticides: tabular literature abstracts: series xv). 30p. Kommissionsverlag paul parey: berlin, west germany. Illus. Paper. Isbn 3-489-23600-9.; 0 (0). 1987. 30p. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,CHEM METHODS.

Elinav, E., Shapira, Y., Ofran, Y., Hassin, T., and Ben-Dov, I. Z. ( Near-Fatal Amitraz Intoxication: the Overlooked Pesticide. Basic clin pharmacol toxicol. 2005, sep; 97(3):185-7. [Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology]: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Ellis, J. and Schramm, D. N. (1995 ). Could a Nearby Supernova Explosion Have Caused a Mass Extinction? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA [PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA]. Vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 235-238. 1995. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO TOX DATA.

Eto, M. (1990). Biochemical Mechanisms of Insecticidal Activities. Bahadir, m., P. Boeger, h. Buchenauer, m. Eto, m. A. Q. Khan, g. Pfister and g. Sandmann. Chemistry of plant protection, vol. 6. Controlled release, biochemical effects of pesticides, inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi. Ix+312p. Springer-verlag: berlin, west germany New york, new york, usa. Illus. Isbn 3-540-51316-7; isbn 0-387-51316-7.; 0: 65-108. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

European Commission DG Environment (2002). Endocrine Disrupters: Study on Gathering Information on 435 Substances with Insufficient Data. Final Report, B4-3040/2001/325850/MAR/C2, RPS BKH Consulting Engineers, Delft, The Netherlands 279 p. Chem Codes : EcoReference No.: 110504 Chemical of Concern: CBL,DDT,DM,RSM,FRM,MZB,MEM, MBZ,PCP,FNT,LCYT,BFT,24D B,PCL,PCB,BAP,DMBA,MXC,P AH,PL,PHTH,EDB,ADC,CBF,FYC,MOM,TFN,OXN ,FRN,BMN,MVP,PPHD,Pb,TCF,EFV,FVL,PMR,S MT,CZE,TDM,PPB,PMT,BMY,FZFB,PDM,Nabam,DFZ,CPY,DDVP,GFS,OXD,TVP,BTN,CPZ,DFC,EC Z,PCZ,TEZ,CTZ,EFX,FPN,FTF,MLT,MYC,TPZ,Al, Cd.Cu,ABM,OYZ,AMZ,QZFE,ETU,NATL,FGSNH, DMT,PYN,BMC,FNB,FML,IODN,Pb,Hg,GYP,ILL,AZD, Code : REVIEW.

Evans, P. D. and Dave nport, A. P. ( The Action of Pesticides on Biogenic Amine Receptors and Second Messenger Systems in Insects. Ford, m. G., Et al. (Ed.). Ellis horwood series in biomedicine: neuropharmacology and pesticide action; neurotox '85, bath, england, 1985. 512p. Vch publishers, inc.: New york, new york, usa; weinheim, west germany; ellis horwood ltd.: Chichest er, england (dist. In the usa and canada by vch publishers: deerfield beach, florida, usa) illus. Is bn 0-89573-424-9; isbn 3-527-26340-3.; 0 (0). 1986. 315- 341. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Fan, A. M. and Jackson, R. J. (1989). Pesticides and Food Safety. Regul toxicol pharmacol 9: 158-174. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,FOOD,HUMAN HEALTH.

Fattore, E., Mueller, L., Davoli, E., Ca stelli, D., and Benfenati, E. (1998). Industrial Pollutants in Ground Waters From Northern Milan. Chemosphere 36: 2007-2017. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

### 67 Faucon, J-P (1987). Amitraz Treatment of Varroa Disease Using Evaporation or Cold Temperatures. Sante abeille 0: 65-67. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON ENGLISH.

Faucon, J. P., Drajnudel, P., and Fleche, C. (1995). Decr ease in Apistan Efficacy Used Against Varroa Disease in the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera). Apidologie. Vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 291-296. 1995. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Faucon, J. P. and Fleche-Seban, C. (1988). Varroatosis. Sante abeille 0: 81-89. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Fentem, J. H., Archer, G. Eb, Balls, M., Botham, P. A., Curr en, R. D., Earl, L. K., Esdaile, D. J., Holzhuetter, H. G., and Liebsch, M. ( 1998). The Ecvam International Validation Study on in Vitro Tests for Skin Corrosivity. 2. Results and Evaluation by the Management Team. Toxicology in vitro 12: 483-524. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Fernandes, M. D. and Queiroz, M. Ls (1999). Measurement of the Re spiratory Burst and Chemotaxis in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes From An ti-Che Insecticides-Exposed Workers. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 21: 621-633. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Fernandez-Alba, A. R., Aguera, A., Contreras, M. , Penuela, G., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D. (1998). Comparison of Various Sample Handling and Analytical Procedures for the Monitoring of Pesticides and Metabolites in Ground Waters. Journal of chromatography a 823: 35-47. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Fernandez-Muino, M. A., Sancho, M. T., Muniategui, S., Huidobro, J. F., and Simal-Lozano, J. (1995). Acaricide Residues in Honey: Analytical Methods and Levels Found. Journal of food protection 58: 449-454. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,SURVEY.

Fernandez Muino Ma, Sancho, M. T., Simal-Gandara, J., Creu s-Vidal, J. M., Huidobro, J. F., and Simal-Lozano, J. (1997). Acaricide Residues in Honeys From Galicia (N.w. Spain). Journal of food protection 60: 78-80. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : SURVEY,FOOD.

Filazi, A., Kaya, S., Kum, C., and Settir, S. (1998). Inves tigation of Amitraz Toxicosis in Mice: 1. Assessment of the Oral Acute Lethal Dose-50 Levels and Therapeutic Alternatives in Toxicosis (Farelerde Amitraz Zehirlenmesine Iliskin Arastirmalar: 1. Agizdan Akut Oldurucu Dox-50 Miktarinin Belirlenmesi ve Zehirlenmelerde Sagaltim Secenekleri). Ankara Univ.Vet.Fak.Derg. 45: 259-265 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Filazi, A., Kaya, S., Kum, C., and Settir, S. (1998). Inves tigation of Amitraz Toxicosis in Mice: 1. Assessment of the Oral Acute Lethal Dose-50 Levels and Therapeutic Alternatives in Toxicosis (Farelerde Amitraz Zehirlenmesine Iliskin Arastirmalar: 1. Agizdan Akut Oldurucu Dox-50 Miktarinin Belirlenmesi Ve Zehirlenmelerde Sagaltim Secenekleri). Ankara Univ.Vet.Fak.Derg. 45: 259-265 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Filazi, A., Yarsan, E., Kaya, S., and Kum, C. (1998). Investigation of Amitraz Toxicosis in Mice: 2. Liver Malondialdehyde Levels in Acute Poisoning (Farelerde Amitraz Zehirlenmesine Iliskin Arastirmalar: 2. Akut Zehirlenmelerde Karaciger Malondialdehid Duzeyleri). Ankara Univ.Vet.Fak.Derg. 45: 267-271 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Filazi, A., Yarsan, E., Kaya, S., and Kum, C. (1998). Investigation of Amitraz Toxicosis in Mice: 2. Liver Malondialdehyde Levels in Acute Poisoning (Farelerde Amitraz Zehirlenmesine Iliskin Arastirmalar: 2. Akut Zehirlenmelerde Karaciger Malondialdehid Duzeyleri). Ankara Univ.Vet.Fak.Derg. 45: 267-271

### 68 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

First Chemical Corp. (1992). Supplement: Letter from First Chem Corp. Concerning an Acute Dermal Toxicity Study with 2,4-Xylidine in Rats and Rabbits with Attachments. EPA/OTS Doc.#89-920000161 12 p. (NTIS/OTS 05352251). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: 24DMA Code : NO CONC/NO DURATION.

Foil, L. D., Coleman, P., Eisler, M., Fragoso-Sanchez, H. , Garcia-Vazquez, Z., Guerrero, F. D., Jonsson, N. N., Langstaff, I. G., Li, A. Y., Machila, N., Miller, R. J., Morton, J., Pruett, J. H., and Torr, S. (2004-). Factors that influence the prevalence of acaric ide resistance and tick-borne diseases. 125: 163-181. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Folz, S. D., Kratzer, D. D., Conklin, Jr, Nowakowski, L. H., Kakuk, T. J., and Rector, D. L. (1983). Chemotherapeutic treatment of naturally acquired generalized demodicosis. 13: 85-93. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Folz, S. D., Kratzer, D. D., Nowakowski, L. H., Conklin, R. D Jr, and Rector, D. L. (1985). Evaluation of a Topical Treatment Alone and in Combination With a Detergent for Generalized Demodicosis

. Vet parasitol 17: 165-172. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Font, G., Manes, J., Molto, J. C., and Pico, Y. (1993). So lid-Phase Extraction in Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis of Water. J chromatogr 642: 135-161. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,CHEM METHODS.

Fourie, L. J., Kok, D. J., du Plessis, A., and Ru gg, D. (2007-). Efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment of demodectic mange in dogs. 150: 268-274. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Fourie, L. J., Kok, D. J., du Plessis, A., and Rugg, D. (2007-). Efficacy of a novel form ulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs. 150: 275-281. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Gabriel, A., Van Den Ingh, T. S., Cler cx, C., and Peeters, D. ( Suspected Dr ug-Induced Destructive Cholangitis in a Young Dog. J small anim pract. 2006, jun; 47(6):344-8. [The journal of small animal practice]: J Small Anim Pract

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE,HUMAN HEALTH.

Gaggelli, Elena, Gaggelli, Nicola, Valensin, Gianni, and Franchi, Alessandro (1993). 1H and 13C NMR relaxation investigation of the copper(II) comple x of amitraz, a formamidine pesticide. 12: 2355-2358. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Ganjali, Mohammad Reza, Akbar, Vahideh, Ghorbani, Maryam, Norouzi, Parviz, and Ahmadi, Abbas (2005-). Fluoride determination in some mouth wash preparations by a novel La(III) graphite coated membrane sensor based on amitraz. 531: 185-191. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,HUMAN HEALTH.

GarcÍ, A-Reyes, J. F., Jackson, A. U., Molina-DÍ, Az, A., and Cooks, R. G. ( Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Trace Analysis of Agroch emicals in Food. Anal chem. 2009, jan 15; 81(2):820-9. [Analytical chemistry]: Anal Chem

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

GarcÍ, A-Reyes, J. F., Molina-DÍ, Az, A., an d Fernandez-Alba, A. R. ( Identification of Pesticide Transformation Products in Food by Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Via

### 69 &Quot;Fragmentation-Degradation&Quot; Relationships. Anal chem. 2007, jan 1; 79(1):307-21. [Analytical chemistry]: Anal Chem

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

Garcia, M. A., Fernandez, M. I., Herrero, C., and Melgar, M. J. (1996). Acaricide Residue Determination in Honey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 56: 881-887 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

Garcia-Repetto, R., Soria, M. L., Gimenez, M. P. , Mene ndez, M., and Repetto, M. (1998). Deaths From Pesticide Poisoning in Spain From 1991 to 1996. Veterinary and human toxicology 40: 166-168. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Garris, G. I., Bokma, B. H., Strickland, R. K., and Combs, G. P. (1989 ). Evaluation of the Eradication Program for Amblyomma-Variegatum Acar i Ixodidae on Puerto Rico. Exp appl acarol 6: 67-76. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW .

Gerson, U., Lensky, Y., Lubinevski, Y., Slabezki, Y., and Stern, Y. (1988). Varroa-Jacobsoni in Israel 1984-1986. Needham, g. R., Et al. (Ed.). Ellis horwood series in entomology and acarology: africanized honey bees and bee mites Conference, columbus, ohio, usa, march 30-april 1, 1987. Xviii+572p. John wiley and sons, inc.: Somerset, new jersey, usa; ellis horwood ltd.: Ch ichester, england, uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-470-21113- x; isbn 0-7458-0319-9.; 0: 420-424. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Ghali, G. Z. ( The Metabolic Basis for the Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Formamidine Pesticides. Diss. Abstr. Int. B 42(1): 57 1981

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Gilbert, M. E. and Burdette, L. J. (1995). Hippocam pal Field Potentials a Model System to Characterize Neurotoxicity. Chang, l. W. And w. Slikker, jr. (Ed.). Neurotoxicology: approaches and methods. Xxi+851p. Academic press, inc.: San diego, california, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 0-12-168055-x.; 0: 183-204. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH,MODELING.

Gilbert, M. E. and Dyer, R. S. (198 6). The Effects of the Formamidine Pesticides Amitraz and Chlordimeform on Hippocampal Evoked Potentials in the Rat. 16th annual meeting of the society for neuroscience, part 1, washington, d.c., Usa, nov. 9-14, 1986. Soc neurosci abstr 12: 97. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

Goldman, L. R. (1997). New Approaches for Assessing the Etiology and Risks of Developmental Abnormalities From Chemical Exposure. Reproductive toxicology 11: 443-451. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

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. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Graepel, H., Drosihn, G., and Seidel, K. ( The Effect of Mitac Active Ingredient Amitraz on Various Mite and Insect Species in Fruit Culture and Their Natural Enemies

. Laux, w. Mitteilungen aus der biologischen bundesanstalt fuer land- und forstwirtschaft berlin-dahlem, heft 266. 47. Deutsche pflanzenschutz-tagung; (communications from the federal biological institute for agriculture and forestry berlin-dahlem, no. 266. Forty-seventh german plant protection convention); berlin, germany, october 1-5, 1990. Xxxix+515p. Kommissionsverlag paul parey: berlin, germany. Illus. Paper. Isbn 3-489-26600-5.; 0 (0). 1990. 51. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Gray, L. E Jr, Monosson, E., and Kelce, W. R. (1996). Em erging Issues the Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on

### 70 Reproductive Development. Di giulio, r. T. And e. Monosson (ed.). Chapman and hall ecotoxicology series, 3. Interconnections between human and ecosystem health. Xvii+275p. Chapman and hall ltd.: London, england, uk New york, new york, usa. Isbn 0-412-62400-1.; 3: 45-82. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Gupta, S. P. (1991). Discriminant Analysis of Carcinogenic Nature of Aromatic Amines. Indian j chem sect b org chem incl med chem 30: 122-126. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,MODELING.

Gursoy, S., Kunt, N., Kaygusuz, K., and Kafali, H. ( Intravenous Amitraz Poisoning. Clin toxicol (phila). 2005; 43(2):113-6. [Clinical toxicology (philadelphia, pa.)]: Clin Toxicol (Phila)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Gyoutoku, Y. and Kasio, T. (1990). Toxicity of Pesticides on the Oligota spp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Kyushu Byogaichu Kenkyukaiho 36: 155-159. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CTN,MZB,TPM,BMY,FBOX,CHX,D CF,BFZ,llCA,ACP,DDVP,DMT,FPP,PMR,EFX,BFT,CYP,FNV,A MZ,CPY Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Hagsten, I., Lauber, J. J., Kanter, S. Y., and Donoghue, A. R. (1995). Point-Guard-T-M Amitraz Ready-to-Use Miticide-Insecticide for the Control of Mange Mites and Lice on Swine. 87th annual meeting of the american society of animal science, orlando, florida, usa, july 25-28, 1995. Journal of animal science 73: 134. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

Hankemeier, T., Van Leeuwen S Pj, Vreuls, R. Jj, and Brin kman, U. At (1998). Use of a Presolvent to Include Volatile Organic Analytes in the Application Range of on-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of chromatography a 811: 117-133. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Harbin, T. J. (1991). Electrophysiological Measures in Neurotoxicology. Cooper, r. L., J. M. Goldman and t. J. Harbin (ed.). The johns hopkins series in environmental toxicology: aging and environmental toxicology: biological and behavioral perspectives. Ix+301p. J ohns hopkins university press: baltimore, maryland, usa London, england, uk. Illus. Isbn 0-8018-4105-4.; 0: 232-245. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Harper, F. and Hall, R. (1996). Products Containing Amitraz not for Use on Horses. J.Equine Vet.Sci. 16: 270 (doi: 10.1016/S0737-0806(96)80199-7). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO TOX DATA.

Hartwig, A., Jedruszuk, A., and Ostrowska, W. ( Winter Control of Varroa Disease. Med weter; 41 (11). 1985 (recd. 1986). 654-657. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Harvey, P. W., Cockburn, A., and Davies, W. W. ( 1998). Commentary on 'an Unusual Poisoning With the Unusual Pesticide Amitraz' With Respect to the Pharmacology of Amitraz. Human & Experimental Toxicology [Hum. Exp. Toxicol.]. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 191-192. Mar 1998. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Havelka, J. and Bartova, P. (1992). Pesticide Toxicity Upon the Aphidophagous Gall-Midge Aphidoletes Aphidimyza (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): a Review. Acta entomol bohemoslov 89: 395-402 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Havelka, J. and Bartova, P. (1991). T oxicities of Greenhouse Pesticides to th e 3rd Instar Larvae of Aphidophagous Gall Midge Aphidoletes Aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Sb uvtiz (ustav vedeckotech inf

### 71 zemed) ochr rostl 27: 293-300. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Hawthorne, S. B., Sievers, R. E., and Barkley, R. M. (1985). Organic Emissions From Shale Oil Wastewaters and Their Implications for Air Quality. Environ sci technol 19: 992-997. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Heaney, K. and Lindahl, R. G. ( Safety of a Topically Applied Spot-on Formulation of Metaflumizone Plus Amitraz for Flea and Tick Control in Dogs. Vet parasitol. 2007, dec 15; 150(3):225-32. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Heimerdinger, A., Olivo, C. J., Molento, M. B., Agnolin, C. A., Ziech, M. F., Scaravelli, L. F., Skonieski, F. R., Both, J. F., Char&Atild e, and O, P. S. ( [Alcoholic Extract of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) on the Control of Boophilus Microplus in Cattle]. Rev bras parasitol vet. 2006 jan-mar; 15(1):37-9. [Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : orgao oficial do colegio brasileiro de parasitologia veterinaria]: Rev Bras Parasitol Vet

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Hemmerling, C. (1987). The Gas Chromatographic Determination of Amitraz Residues in Honey. Nahrung 31: 835-836. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

Hemmerling, C., Augustyniak, B., and Risto, C. ( 1991). Total Amitraz Residues in Bee Honeys. Nahrung 35: 1047-1052. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,FOOD.

Hill, F. I., Mckenna, P. B., and Mirams, C. H. ( Demodex Spp. Infestation and Suspected Demodicosis of Alpacas ( Vicugna Pacos ) in New Zealand. N z vet j. 2008, jun; 56(3):148-9. [New zealand veterinary journal]: N Z Vet J

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Hirahara, Y., Nakamuro, K., and Sayato, Y. (1997). Studies on Behaviors of Decomposition of Pesticides in Environment. Japanese journal of toxicolo gy and environmental health 43: 221-229. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,FATE.

Hirano, M. (1989). Characteristics of Pyrethroids for Insect Pest Control in Agriculture. Pestic sci 27: 353-360. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Hirashima, A., Shinkai, K., Pan, C., Kuwano, E., Taniguchi, E., and Eto, M. (1999). Quantitative Structure-Activity Studies of Octopaminergic Ligands Against Locusta Migratoria and Periplaneta Americana

. Pesticide science 55: 119-128. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Holbrook, F. R. (1988). Insectic ide and Acaricide Tests Vol. 13. Holbrook, f. R. (Ed.). Insecticide and acaricide tests, vol. 13. Iv+459p. Entomological society of america: lanham, maryland, usa. Illus. Paper. 0: Iv+459p. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Hollingworth, R. M. ( Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Uses of Formamidine Pesticides. Environ. Health perspect. 14: 57-69 1976.. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Horowitz, A. R. and Ishaaya, I. (1996). Chemical Control of Bemisia Management and Application. Gerling, d. And r. T. Mayer (ed.). Bemisia: 1995. Taxonomy, bi ology, damage, control and management. Xxi+702p. Intercept ltd.: Andover, england, uk. Isbn 1-898298-33-5. 0: 537-556.

### 72 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Hsu, W. H. and Hopper, D. L. (1986). Effect of Yohimbine on Amitraz-Induced Central Nervous System Depression and Bradycardia in Dogs. J toxicol environ health 18: 423-430. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Hsu, W. H., Shaw, R. N., Schaffer, D. D., Crump, M. H., and Greer, M. H. (1987). Furt her Evidence to Support the Alpha-2-Adrenergic Nature of Amitraz-Induced Decrease in Intestinal Motility. Arch int pharmacodyn ther 286: 145-151. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Huang, W., Liu, G., Zhang, Y., Mu, W., and Zhang, J. (1988). Total Residue Analysis of Amitraz in the Rabbit Tissue by Gas Chromatography. J west china univ med sci 19: 419-421. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Hugla, J. L., Goffinet, G., Kremers, P., Dubois, M., La mbert, V., Stouvenakers, N., and Thome, J. P. (1996). Ultrastructural Modifications in Cultured Fetal Qu ail Hepatocytes Exposed to Pesticides and Pcbs. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 34: 145-155. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Hugnet, C., Buronfosse, T., Keck, G., and Bourdoiseau, G. (1995). Intoxication of Domestic Carnivores by Amitraz. Recueil de medecine veterinaire de l'ecole d'alfort 171: 143-147. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,HUMAN HEALTH.

Ikeda, M., Koizumi, A., Kasahara, M., Watanabe, T., Nakats uka, H., and Sekita, Y. (198 7). A Statistical Approach to the Prediction of the Possible Presence of Pollutant Chemicals in the Environment. Regul toxicol pharmacol 7: 321-336. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MODELING,FATE.

Injac, M., Krnjajic, S., and Peric, P. (1 992). Amitraz Effects on Psylla Pyri L. Zast bilja 43: 281-292. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Isola, A. (1988). Chemicals Employed in Varroa Control Past Experiences and Future Perspectives. Apic mod 79: 125-128. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Ito, N., Hagiwara, A., Tamano, S., Futacu chi, M., Imaida, K., and Shirai, T. (19 96). Effects of Pesticide Mixtures at the Acceptable Daily Intake Levels on Rat Carcinogenesis. Food and chemical toxicology 34: 1091-1096. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Itoyama, T., Sekiguchi, Y., Koiguchi, S., Hirahara, Y., Ohta, M., Kimura, M ., Miyoshi, T., Narita, M., Hasegawa, M., Miyata, M., Kamakura, K., Maeda, K., Yamana, T., and Tonogai, Y. (1995). Simple and Rapid Systemic Determination of Various Pesticid es in Brown Rice by Gas Chromatography. Journal of the food hygienic society of japan 36: 516-524. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,FOOD.

Izawa, H. (1997). Phytotoxic Responses on the Petals of Japanese Pear by Acaricides and Insecticides Application. Journal of pesticide science 22: 126-128. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Jaeckel, H. and Klein, W. (1991) . Prediction of Mammalian Toxicity by Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships: Aliphatic Amines and Anilines. Quant struct-act relat 10: 198-204. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : QSAR.

Japansocplantprotect ( Presentation of Recently Re gistered Agricultural ChemicalsöInsecticides and

### 73 MiticidesöColophonate, Chlorpyrifos-Methyl, Amitoraz , and Prothiophos. In: noyaku benran (pesticides manual), japan soc. Plant protect., Tokyo 1976, pp. 321-329. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Jekl, V., Hauptman, K., Jeklova, E., and Knotek, Z. ( Demodicosis in Nine Prairie Dogs (Cynomys Ludovicianus). Vet dermatol. 2006, aug; 17(4):280-3. [Veterinary dermatology]: Vet Dermatol

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Jiang, Y. and Feng, M. ( [Compatibility of Two Fungal Biocontrol Agents Conidia With Commercial Chemical Acaricides]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao. 2006, jul; 17(7):1264-8. [Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = the journal of applied ecology / zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, zhongguo ke xue yuan shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban]: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao

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Jimenez, J. J., Bernal, J. L., Del Nozal Mj, Toribio, L., and Atienza, J. (199 7). Characterization and Monitoring of Amitraz Degradation Products in Honey

. Hrc journal of high resolution chromatography 20: 81-84. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO EFFECT,FOOD.

Johnson, B. L. (1990). Advances in Neurobehavioral Toxicology Applications in Environmental and Occupational Healt h Third International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Environmental and Occupational Health Washington D.c. Usa December 14-17 1988. Johnson, b. L. (Ed.). Advances in neurobehavioral toxicology: applications in environmental and occupational health Third international symposium on neurobehavioral methods in environmental and occupational health, washington, d.c., Usa, december 14-17, 1988. Xviii+512p. Lewis publishers, inc.: Chelsea, michigan, us a. Illus. Is bn 0-87371- 374-5.; 0: Xviii+512p. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Johnson, D. R. and Studebaker, G. (1993). Control of Bollworm on Cotton Using Bacillus-Thuringiensis Combinations 1991. Burditt, a. K. Jr. (Ed.). Insecticide & acar icide tests, vol. 18. Ii+405p. Entomological society of america: lanham, maryland, usa. 0: 235-236 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA,ABSTRACT.

Johnson, T. L. and Knowles, C. O. (1985). Formamid ine-Mediated Inhibition of Rat Platelet Aggregation. General Pharmacology [GEN. PHARMACOL.]. Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 321-325. 1985. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Jones, R. D. (1990). Xylene Amitr az a Pharmacologic Review and Profile. Vet hum toxicol 32: 446-448. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Jonsson, N. N. and Hope, M. ( Progress in the Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Amitraz Resistance in the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus. Vet parasitol. 2007, may 31; 146(3-4):193-8. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Jonsson, N. N., Mayer, D. G., and Green, P. E. ( 2000-). Possible risk factors on Queensland dairy farms for acaricide resistance in cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). 88: 79-92. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MODELING.

Jorens, P. G., Zandijk, E., Belmans, L., Schepens, P. Jc, an d Bossaert, L. L. (1997). An Unusual Poisoning With the Unusual Pesticide Amitraz. Human & experimental toxicology 16: 600-601. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Kadir, H. A. and Knowles, C. O. (1 991). Inhibition of ATP Dephosphorylati on by Acaricides with Emphasis on the Anti-ATPase Activity of the Carbodiimide Metabolite of Diafenthiuron. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 801-805. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AZ,FTT,BFT ,FPP,EN,AMZ,OTQ,CHX,PPG,HTX,CTZ Code : IN

### 74 VITRO.

Kadir, H. A. and Knowles, C. O. (1 991). Inhibition of Atp Dephosphorylation by Acaricides With Emphasis on the Anti-Atpase Activity of the Carbodiimide Metabolite of Diafenthiuron. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 801-805. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AZ,FTT,BFT ,FPP,EN,AMZ,OTQ,CHX,PPG,HTX,CTZ Code : IN VITRO.

Kadir, H. A. and Knowles, C. O. (1989). Oxidative Deamination and N-Acetylation of Biogenic Amines by Homogenates of Bulb Mites (Rhizoglyphus Echinopus). Comp biochem physiol c comp pharmacol toxicol 94: 465-468. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Kadono, F. (1998). Historical Changes in Species of Spid er Mites in Deciduous Fruit Orchards and Its Status of Resistance to Acar icides in Japan. Agrochemicals japan 0: 4-7. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Kamel, A. and Al-Ghamdi, A. ( Determination of Acaricide Residues in Saudi Arabian Honey and Beeswax Using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography. J environ sci health b. 2006; 41(2):159-65. [Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : SURVEY,CHEM METHODS.

Karpas, Z. (1989). Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines. Anal chem 61: 684-689. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Kawasaki, M., Fukuhara, K., and Uchiyama, S. (1994). Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (Gc) Screening of Pesticides./Growth & Development. Journal of the food hygienic society of japan 35: 479-496. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

Kazar, J. and Brezina, R. (1991). Control of Rickettsial Diseases. Eur j epidemiol 7: 282-286. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Kennel, O., Prince, C., and Garnier, R. (1996). Four Cases of Amitraz Poisoning in Humans. Veterinary and human toxicology 38: 28-30. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Khan, S. J., Roser, D. J., Davies, C. M., Peters, G. M., Stuetz, R. M., Tucker, R., and Ashbolt, N. J. ( Chemical Contaminants in Feedlot Wastes: Concentrations, Effects and Attenuation. Environ int. 2008, aug; 34(6):839-59. [Environment international]: Environ Int

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,FATE.

Kharchevnikova, N. V. and Zholdakova, Z. I. (1997). Structure-Methemoglobin-Forming Activity Relationships in the Series of Aromatic Amines. Gigiena i sanitariya 0: 41-44. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Kijima, K., Kataoka, H., and Makita, M. (1996). Determination of Aromatic Amines as Their NDimethylthiophosphoryl Derivatives by Gas Chromatography With Flame Photometric Detection. Journal of chromatography a 738: 83-90. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Kim, S. S., Kim, D. I., and Lee, S. C. (1993). Joint Toxi c Action of Acaricide Mixtures to the Field-Collected Strain of Tetranychus Urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Korean j appl entomol 32: 176-183. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,MIXTURE.

Kimmel, E. C., Casida, J. E., and Ru zo, L. O. (1986). Formamidine Insec ticides and Chloracet anilide Herbicides:

### 75 Disubstituted Anilines and Nitrosobenzenes as Mammalian Metabolites and Bacterial Mutagens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [J. AGRIC. FOOD CHEM.]. Vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 157-161. 1986. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA,IN VITRO,NO EFFECT .

Klassen, W. and Schwartz, P. H Jr (1985). Agricultural Re search Service Usa Research Program in Chemical Insect Control. Hilton, j. L. (Ed.). Beltsville symposia in agricu ltural research, vol. 8. Agricultural chemicals of the future Meeting, beltsville, md., Usa, may 16-19, 1983. Xv+464p. Rowman and allanheld publishers: totowa, n.j., Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-86598-138-8.; 0: 267-292. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Koch, R., Strobel, K., and Nagel, M. (1985). Environmental Pollutants and Their Mutagenic Activity an Analog Model for Structure-Effect Relationships. Z gesamte hyg grenzgeb 31: 524-526. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,BACTERIA.

Koeber, R. and Niessner, R. (1996). Screening of Pestic ide-Contaminated Soil by S upercritical Fluid Extraction (Sfe) and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatogra phy With Automated Multiple Development (Hptlc). Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 354: 464-469. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Koeiman, N. Rl and Hsu, W. H. (1991). Interactio n Between Amitraz and Alpha2 -Adrenoceptors Inhibits Epinephrine-Induced Canine Platelet Aggregation. Arch int pharmacodyn ther 310: 56-65. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Kojima, H., Katsura, E., Takeuchi, S., Niiyama, K., and Kobayashi, K. (2004). Screening for Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by In Vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Environ.Health Perspect. 112: 524-531. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,DFPM, FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DMT,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,MLN,MTM,M DT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TVP, TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,EFX,FNV,FYT,FVL ,PMR,PYN,TFT,TLM,BCD,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF ,CPP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML,PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM, ACR,ASM,FTL,MTX,MTL,PZM,AN Z,ATZ,MBZ,PRO,PMT,SZ,BSFM, DFZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BT,BP H,BTN,DZM,EXQ,FRM,FNZ,ILL,IMC,IPD,MCPA,2 4D,PAQT,PDM,PCZ,SZD,TBA,TPE,TDF,TFZ,TFN ,TFR,VCZ Code : IN VITRO.

Kojima, H., Katsura, E., Takeuchi, S., Niiyama, K., and Kobayashi, K. (2004). Screening for Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by in Vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Environ.Health Perspect. 112: 524-531. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,DFPM, FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DMT,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,MLN,MTM,M DT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TVP, TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,EFX,FNV,FYT,FVL ,PMR,PYN,TFT,TLM,BCD,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF ,CPP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML,PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM, ACR,ASM,FTL,MTX,MTL,PZM,AN Z,ATZ,MBZ,PRO,PMT,SZ,BSFM, DFZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BT,BP H,BTN,DZM,EXQ,FRM,FNZ,ILL,IMC,IPD,MCPA,2 4D,PAQT,PDM,PCZ,SZD,TBA,TPE,TDF,TFZ,TFN ,TFR,VCZ Code : IN VITRO.

Konjević, D, Janicki, Z., Severin, K., Stanko, M., Zivicn jak, T., Slavica, A., and St aresina, V. ( An Outbreak of Tick Paralysis in Free-Ranging Mouflon (Ovis Ammon Musimon). J zoo wildl med. 2007, dec; 38(4):585-7. [Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the american association of zoo veterinarians]: J Zoo Wildl Med

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Kostecki, R. and Jedruszuk, A. (1988). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Fumigant Tablets in Controlling Varroatosis in 1987. Med weter 44: 359-362. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

### 76 Kostecki, R. and Jedruszuk, A. (1987). Studies on the Usefulness of Cumaphos and Amitraz Applied as Systematic Drugs in the Control of Varroasis. Medycyna Weterynaryjna [MED. WETER. ]. Vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 230-233. 1987. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Kostecki, R. and Jelinski, M. (1987). A Study of the Varroacidal Activity of Some Substances. Med weter 43: 280- 283. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Kruk, I. and Bounias, M. (1992). Chemiluminescence From Oxidation of Formamidine Amitraz the Generation of Cytotoxic Oxygen Species and El ectronically Excited Compounds. Fourth international workshop on chemical, biological and ecotoxicological behaviour of pesticides in the soil environment, rome, italy, may 29-31, 1991. Sci total environ 123-124: 195-203. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO EFFECT.

Kubik, M., Nowacki, J., Michalczuk, L., Pidek, A., Warakomska, Z., and Goszczynski, W. (1998). Decay of Pesticides Residues in Bee Honey. Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research 6: 73-85. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Kulincevic, J. ( Varamit Very Successfu lly Controls Varroasis in Yugoslavia. Apic mod; 76 (5). 1985 (recd. 1986). 155-160. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Labanowska, B. H. (1995). Effectiveness of Apollo 500 Sc and a Mixture of Mitac 200 Ec + Apollo in the Control of Twospotted Spider Mite (Tetrany chus Urticae Koch) on Black Currant. Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research 3: 115-123. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Larson, R. A. and Zepp, R. G. (1988). Reactivity of the Carbonate Radical With Aniline Derivatives. Environ toxicol chem 7: 265-274. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Last, R. D., Hill, J. M., Matjila, P. T., RÈ, and Me, C. A. ( A Field Trial Evaluation of the Prophylactic Efficacy of Amitraz-Impregnated Collars Against Cani ne Babesiosis (Babesia Canis Rossi) in South Africa. J s afr vet assoc. 2007, jun; 78(2):63-5. [Journal of the south african veterinary association]: J S Afr Vet Assoc

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Lau, P., Hill, P. B., RybnÍ, Ce k, J., and Steel, L. ( Sarcoptic Mange in Three Alpacas Treated Successfully With Amitraz. Vet dermatol. 2007, aug; 18(4):272-7. [Veterinary dermatology]: Vet Dermatol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Lebdi, Grissa K. M'sadda K. (1998). Effective Control of Varroatosis in Tunisia Using Amitraz and Fluvalinate. Mededelingen faculteit landbouwkundige en toegepaste biologische wetenschappen universiteit gent 63: 1- 6 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Lee, M. H. and Ryu, P. D. (199 9). Sanitation and Tissue Residue Problems in High Quality Pork. Asianaustralasian journal of animal sciences 12: 233-243. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD.

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### 77 Less, M., Schmidt, T. C., Von Loew E, and Stork, G. (1998). Gas Chromatographic Determination of Aromatic Amines in Water Samples After Solid-Phase Extraction and Derivatization With Iodine: Ii. Enrichment. Journal of chromatography a 810: 173-182. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

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Levin, M. D. ( A New Pest Comes to Israel. Am bee j; 125 (6). 1985 (recd. 1986). 445-446. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

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Libretto, S. E., Clarke, K. U., and Harrison, I. R. (1985). Penetration and Distribution of Carbon-14 Amitraz Within Susceptible and Resistant Strains of the Cattle Tick Boophilus-Microplus. Pesticides group symposium on control of ectoparasites of veterinary importance, london, england, nov. 26, 1984. Pestic sci 16: 314-315. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT.

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Lienig, K. (1991). Studies of the Effect of Fungicides, Antibiotics and Other Xenobiotics on the Stages of the TwoSpotted Spider Mite, Te tranychus Urticae Koch. Arch phytopathol pflanzenschutz 27: 395-402. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Litovitz, T. L., Schmitz, B. F., Matyunas, N., and Martin , T. G. (1988 ). 1987 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am j emerg med 6: 479-515. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Loglio, G. (1994). A Meeting on New Varroa Control Policies (April 16, 1994, Italy). Apicoltore moderno 85: 67- 69. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Lorenzato, D., Grellmann, E. O., Chouene, E. C., and Meyer-Cachapuz, L. M. (1986). Populational Fluctuation of Phytophagous Mites and Their Predators in an Appl e Orchard Malus-Domestica Bork and the Effects of Chemical and Biological Controls. Agron sulriograndense 22: 215-242. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

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Luceri, F., Pieraccini, G ., Moneti, G., and Dolara, P. (1993). Primary Ar omatic Amines From Side-Stream Cigarette Smoke Are Common Contaminants of Indoor Air. Toxicol ind health 9: 405-413. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,FATE.

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Maske, D. K., Bhilegaonkar, N. G., and Jangde, C. R. (1996). Control of Goat Lice With Amitraz. Pkv research journal 20: 171. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

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Mazzali, G., Reggiani, C., Boccelli, R., and Capri, E. ( Pesticide Residues on Pears After Integrated Pest Management. British crop protection council. Internationa l symposium on pesticides application, strasbourg, france, september 22-24, 1993. Ix+388p. (Vol. 1); ix+302p.(Vol. 2) british crop protection council (bcpc): farnham, england, uk. Isbn 2-905550-49-x(set); isbn 2-905550-50-3(vol. 1); isbn 2-905550- 51-1(vol. 2).; 0 (0). 1993. 437-443. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

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. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : INCIDENT,SURVEY, HUMAN HEALTH.

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Osano, O. (2002). Developmental Disorders Induced by Pesticide Degradation Products. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of Amsterdam 105 p. (Publ As 65836,66376,65872). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ,PAQT Code : PUBL AS.

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Przybylski, C. and Hommet, F. ( Evaluation of Some Para meters Affecting Troublesome Pesticide Analysis in Gas Chromatography-Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry. J chromatogr a. 2008, aug 1; 1201(1):78-90. [Journal of chromatography. A]: J Chromatogr A

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Pulawska, J., Maes, M., Deckers, T., and Sobiczewski, P. (1997). The Influence of Pesticide Contamination on Detection of Epiphytic Erwinia Amylovora Using Pcr. Mededelingen faculteit landbouwkundige en toegepaste biologische wetenschappen universiteit gent 62: 959-962. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Queiroz, M. Ls, Fernandes, M. D., and Valadares, M. C. (1999). Neutrophil Function in Workers Exposed to Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides. International journal of immunopharmacology 21: 263-270. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH, YEAST.

Queiroz-Neto, A., Juang, S. J., Souza, K. R., and Akamat su, A. (1994). Antinociceptive Effect of Amitraz in Mice and Rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Re search [BRAZ. J. MED. BIOL. RES.]. Vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1407-1411. 1994. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Ragusa, S. (1983). Side Effects of Pesticid es on Phytoseiid Mites Inhabiting Hazelnut. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Redl, H. and Hiebler, A. (1991). Investigations in the Contro l of the Grape Rust Mite Cale pitrimerus Vitis Nal. In an Integrated Vine Protection Program. Mitt klosterneuburg 41: 56-64 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Reis, P. R., Chiavegato, L. G., Moraes, G. J., Alves, E. B., and Sousa, E. O. (1998). Agrochemical Selectivity to Predaceous Mite Iphiseiodes Zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Anais de Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil [An. Soc. Entomol. Bras.]. Vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 265-274. Jun 1998. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Richard, M. (1998). Pe sticides-Friend or Foe? Water science and technology 37: 19-25. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Richter, E., Branner, B., Scherer, G., and Heller, W. D. (1996). Contribution of Passive Smoking to Aromatic Amine Haemoglobin Adducts in Pregnant Women. 37th spring meeting of the german society forexperimental and clinical pharmacology and toxicology, mainz, germany, march 12-14, 1996. Naunynschmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353: R133. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : ABSTRACT,HUMAN HEALTH.

Richter, P. and Schulze, H. U. (1990 ). Resistance Pattern of a Greenhouse Population of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae Koch and Gross Gaglow (District of Cottbus) (Germany). Arch phytopathol pflanzenschutz 26: 551-556. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Rickett, F. E. ( Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to Separate Very Small Quantities of RadioLabeled Metabolites From Biological Tissues. J. Chromatogr. 142: 705-713 1977 (19 references)

.

### 83 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Rieger, J. A., Robinson, C. P., Gherezghiher, T. , and Le ung, T. ( Inhibition of Mammalian Monoamine Oxidase by Two Formamidine Pesticides. Pharmacologist 22(3): 172 1980

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Ritter, W. (1988). Medications Registered in Western Europe for Varroatosis Control. Apidologie 19: 113-116. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CMPH,MLN,FVL,AMZ Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Ritter, W. (1988). Medications Registered in Western Europe for Varroatosis Control. Apidologie 19: 113-116. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CMPH,MLN,FVL,AMZ Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Robinson, C. P. and Pento, J. T. ( The Effects of U-4 0481, Demethylchlordimeform, and Formetanate on Calcium Flux in the Isolated Rabbit Aorta. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 28(2): 215-228 1980 (17 references)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Robinson, Casey P. (1979 ). Effects of U-40481 and formetanate on the isolated rabbit central ear artery. 12: 109- 116. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

RodrÍ, Guez-V ivas, R. I., RodrÍ, Guez-Arevalo, F., Alonso-DÍ, Az, M. A., Fragoso-Sanchez, H., Santamaria, V. M., and Rosario-Cruz, R. ( Pr evalence and Potential Risk Factors for Amitraz Resistance in Boophilus Microplus Ticks in Cattle Farms in the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Prev vet med. 2006, aug 17; 75(3-4):280 -6. [Preventive veterinary medicine]: Prev Vet Med

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Rosenkranz, H. S., Zhang, Y. P., and Klopman, G. (1998). Studies on the Potential for Genotoxic Carcinogenicity of Fragrances and Other Chemicals. Food and chemical toxicology 36: 687-696. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : QSAR.

Roslavtseva, S. A. (1988 ). World Distribution of Ar thropod Populations Resistant to Insecto-Acaricides. Agrokhimiya 0: 121-136. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Roslavtseva, S. A. and Eremina, O. Yu (19 89). Study of the Effect of Pesticides on Entomophages and Acariphages

. Agrokhimiya 0: 123-136 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,REVIEW.

Rostad, C. E. and Pereira, W. E. (1986). Kovats and Lee Retention Indices Determined by Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry for Organic Compounds of Environmental Interest. J high resolut chromatogr chromatogr commun 9: 328-334. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Roush, R. T. and Tabashnik, B. E. (1990). Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods

. Roush, r. T. And b. E. Tabashnik (ed.). Pesticide resistance in arthropods. Ix+303p. Routledge, chapman and hall: new york, new york, usa London, england, uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-412-01971-x.; 0: Ix+303p

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Rozkov, A., Vassiljeva, I., Kurvet, M., Kahru, A., Preis, S., Kharchenko, A., Krichevskaya, M., Liiv, M., Kaard, A., and Vilu, R. (1999). Laboratory Study of Bioremediation of Rocket Fuel-Polluted Groundwater. Water research 33: 1303-1313. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Rueda-LÓ and Pez, M. ( Elimination of Sarcoptic Mange Due to Sarcoptes Scabiei Var Suis From a 1800-

### 84 Sow Farrow-to-Finish Farm. Vet rec. 2006, oct 28; 159(18):595-7. [The veterinary record]: Vet Rec

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Rugg, D., Hair, J. A., Everett, R. E., Cunningham, J. R. , and Carter, L. ( Confirmation of the Efficacy of a Novel Formulation of Metaflumizone Plus Amitraz for the Treatment and Control of Fleas and Ticks on Dogs. Vet parasitol. 2007, dec 15; 150(3):209-18. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Sabnis, S., Zupan, J., and Gliddon, M. ( Topical Formulations of Metaflumizone Plus Amitraz to Treat Flea and Tick Infestations on Dogs. Vet parasitol. 2007, dec 15; 150(3):196-202. [Veterinary parasitology]: Vet Parasitol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Sagmanligil, V., Piskin, I., Sireli, M., and Filazi, A. (2 001). The Effects of Amitraz on the Motility of Guinea Pig Small Intestine (Amitrazin Kobay Incebagirsak Motilitesi Uzerine Etkisi). Turk.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 25: 75-79 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Sagmanligil, V., Piskin, I., Sireli, M., and Filazi, A. (2 001). The Effects of Amitraz on the Motility of Guinea Pig Small Intestine (Amitrazin Kobay Incebagirsak Motilitesi Uzerine Etkisi). Turk.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 25: 75-79 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO/NON-ENGLISH.

Saito, I., Yamada, S., Oshima, H., and Hayakawa, J. (1995) . Multi Residue Method for Determination of Pesticides Using Luke Method Extraction, Gel Permeation Chromatography and Gas Chromatography. Journal of pesticide science 20: 109-118. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,CHEM METHODS.

Saito, T., Yamamoto, R., Inoue, S., Ki shiyama, I., Miyazaki, S., Nakamoto , A., Nishida, M., Namera, A., and Inokuchi, S. ( Simultaneous Determination of Amitraz and Its Metabolite in Human Serum by Monolithic Silica Spin Column Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J chromatogr b analyt technol biomed life sci. 2008, may 1; 867(1):99-104. [Journal of chromatography. B, analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences]: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,HUMAN HEALTH.

Saitta, M., Dugo, G., Di Bella G, Leuzzi, U., and Visco, A. M. (1993). Quick Determination of Some Honey Contaminants. Riv soc ital sci aliment 22: 83-89. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,SURVEY.

Sauphanor, B., Miniggio, C., and Faivre D'arcier, F. (1993). Mean Term Effects of Pesticid es on Beneficials in Pear Orchard: a Field Trial Evaluation. Journal of applied entomology 116: 467-478. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Saxton, W. L. (1987). Emergence Temp erature Indices and Relative Retention Times of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Determined by Linear Progra mmed Temperature Gas Chromatography. J chromatogr 393: 175- 194. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Schaffer, D. D., Hsu, W. H., and Hopper, D. L. ( 1990). The Effects of Yohimbine and Four Other Antagonists on Amitraz-Induced Depression of Shuttle Avoidance Responses in Dogs. Toxicol appl pharmacol 104: 543- 547. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Schliesske, J. and Christiansen, N. M. ( The Necessity an d Practice of Controlling Gall Mites Acari Eriophyoidea in Orchard and Nursery Woody Plants. Biologische bundesanstalt fuer land- und forstwirtschaft.

### 85 Mitteilungen aus der biologischen bundesanstalt fuer land - und forstwirtschaft berlin -dahlem, heft 245. 46. Deutsche pflanzenschutz-tagung; (communications of th e federal biological institute for agriculture and forestry berlin-dahlem, no. 245. 46th german plant protection convention); regensburg, west germany, october 3-7, 1988. Xxvii+524p. Kommissionsverlag paul pa rey: berlin, west germany. Illus. Maps. Paper. Isbn 3-489-24500-8.; 0 (0). 1988. 503-504. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Schmidt, T. C., Less, M., Haas, R., Von Loew E, Stei nbach, K., and Stork, G. (1998). Gas Chromatographic Determination of Aromatic Amines in Water Samp les After Solid-Phase Extraction and Derivatization With Iodine: I. Derivatization. Journal of chromatography a 810: 161-172. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Shin, D. H. and Hsu, W. H. (1994). Influence of the Formamidine Pesticide Amitraz and Its Metabolites on Porcine Myometrial Contractility: Involvement of Alpha2-Adrenoceptors and Ca2+ Channels. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 128: 45-49. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Short, C. R., Hardy, M. L., and Barker, S. A. (1 989). The in-Vivo Oxidative Metabolism of 2 4 and 2 6 Dimethylaniline in the Dog and Rat. Toxicology 57: 45-58. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ,24DMA Code : NO EFFECT.

Sireli, M., Sagmanligil, V., Piskin, I., and Filazi, A. (2 000). The Effect of Amitraz Poisoning on Formation of Methemoglobin and Hemolytic Anemia in Guinea-Pigs (Kobaylarda Amitraz Zehirlenmesinin Methemoglobin ve Hemolitik Anemi Olusumu Uzerine Etkisi). Turk.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 24: 97-101 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Sireli, M., Sagmanligil, V., Piskin, I., and Filazi, A. (2 000). The Effect of Amitraz Poisoning on Formation of Methemoglobin and Hemolytic Anemia in Guinea-Pigs (Kobaylarda Amitraz Zehirlenmesinin Methemoglobin Ve Hemolitik Anemi Olusumu Uzerine Etkisi). Turk.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 24: 97-101 (TUR) (ENG ABS). Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Skipper, P. L. and Tannenbaum, S. R. (1990). Protein Adducts in the Molecular Dosimetry of Chemical Carcinogens. Carcinogenesis (lond) 11: 507-518. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Soderlund, D. M. and Adams, P. M. (1993). Inhibition of Octopamine-Stimulated Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Two-Spotted Mites by Dicofol and Related Diphenylcarbinol Acaricides. 46: 228-235. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Specht, W., Pelz, S., and Gilsbach, W. (1995). Gas-Chromatographic Determin ation of Pesticide Residues After Clean-up by Gel-Permeation Chromatography and Mini-Silica Gel-Column Chromatography 6. Communication Replacement of Dichloromethane by Ethyl Acetate-Cyclohexane in Liquid-Liquid Partition and Simplified Conditions for Extraction and Liquid-Liquid Partition. Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 353: 183-190. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS.

Specpesticrevdiv, U. S. Epa ( Amitraz (Baam): Position Document 3. Us ntis pb rep. Pb80-211,436: 84 pp. 1979 (35 references)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Specpesticrevdiv, U. S. Epa ( Amitraz (Baam): Position Document 4. Us ntis pb rep. Pb80-211,428: 50 pp. 1979 (41 references)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

### 86 Stewart, M. J., Moar, J. J., Steenkamp, P., and Kokot, M. (1 999). Findings in Fatal Cases of Poisoning Attributed to Traditional Remedies in South Africa. Forensic science international 101: 177-183. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Stewart, P., Fears, T., Nicholson, H. F., Kross, B. C., Og ilvie, L. K., Zahm, S. Hoar, Ward, M. H., and Blair, A. (1999). Exposure Received From App lication of Animal Insecticides. American industrial hygiene association journal 60: 208-212. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Stimmann, M. W. and Ferguson, M. P. (1990). Progress Report Vice President's Task Force on Pest Control Alternatives Potential Pesticide Use Cancellations in California Usa. Calif agric 44: 12-16. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Taccheo, M. B., De Paoli M, and Sp essotto, C. (1988). Determination of Total Amitraz Residue in Honey by Electron Capture Capillary Gas Chromatography a Simplified Method. Pestic sci 23: 59-64. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,FOOD.

Tarasov, V. V. and Akhunova, N. V. (1993). Analysis of Residual Amounts of Pesticides in Cottonseed Oil. Gigiena i sanitariya 0: 67-68. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,FOOD.

Thomas, C., Roques, M., and Franc, M. ( The Effectiveness of a Pyriprole ( 125 Mg/Ml) and a Metaflumizone (150 Mg/Ml) Combined With Amitraz (150 Mg/Ml) Spot-on Treatment in Preventing Phlebotomus Perniciosus From Feeding on Dogs. Parasite. 2008, mar; 15(1):93-6. [Parasite (paris, france)]: Parasite

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Timmer, M., Konemann, H., and Visser, R. (1988). Selec tion of Chemicals With High Hazard Potential Part 2. Application and Results of Wms-Scoring System

. Chemosphere 17: 1921-1934. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : METHODS,HUMAN HEALTH.

Tondeur, R., Schiffers, B. C., and Ve rstraeten, C. (1990). Differential Su sceptibility of Eupulvinaria-Hydrangeae Homoptera Coccidae to 22 Insecticides. International symposium on crop protection. Meded fac landbouwwet rijksuniv gent 55: 637-646. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Toth, G. (1988). Ten Years of the Varroa Mite in Hungary. Am.Bee J. 128: 494-496. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Travis, C. C., Pack, S. R., and Hattemer-Frey, H. A. (1989). Is Ionizing Radiation Regulated More Stringently Than Chemical Carcinogens? Health phys 56: 527-532. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,REVIEW.

Tsolakis, H. and Ragusa, D. I. Chiara S (1993). Side Effects of Some Pesticides on Amblyseius Andersoni (Chant) (Parasitiformes Phytoseiidae). Bollettino di zoologia agraria e di bachicoltura 25: 205-212. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Tudek, B., Gajewska, J., Szczypka, M., Rahden-Staron, I., and Szymczyk, T. (1988). Screening for Genotoxic Activity of Amitraz With Short-Term Bacterial Assays. Mutat res 204: 585-592. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA.

Unger, Thomas A. (1996). Amitraz. 836. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Unsal, M. (1995). Usage of Pesticides and Pcbs in Cuku rova Region, Turkey and Their Impact on the Environment. Turkish journal of zoology 19: 199-205.

### 87 Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Van Impe G (1987). Study of the Activity of 10 Acaric idal Products With Respect to Differential Sensitivity According to Sex in Tetranychus-U rticae Koch Acari Tetranychidae. International symposium on crop protection, part b. Meded fac landbouwwet rijksuniv gent 52: 545-554. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Vaz, I. A. Jr, Lermen, T. T., Michelon, A., Ferreira, C. A. S., De Freitas, D. R. J., Termignoni, C., and Masuda, A. (2004). Effect of Acaricides on the Activity of a Boophilus Microplus Glutathione S-Transferase. Veterinary Parasitology [Vet. Parasitol.]. Vol. 119, no. 2-3, pp. 237-245. Jan 2004. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Vogt, H., Dickler, E., and Grauhan, H. (1990). Effects of a Unique Application of Acaricides in Apple Orchards on the Population Dynamics of Panonychus Ulmi (Acari, Tetranychidae) and Aculus Schlechtendali (Acari, Eriophyoidea) With Special Regard to Beneficials. J appl entomol 110: 35-54. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Volante, M., Cattaneo, M., Bianchi, M., and Zoccola, G. (1998). Some Applications of Solid Phase Micro Extraction (Spme) in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. Journal of environmental science and health part b pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes 33: 279-292. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD.

Wallner, K. (1999). Varroacides and Their Residues in Bee Products. Apidologie 30: 235-248. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Wamukoya, J. Po (1992). The Status of Tick Infestation of Livestock and Tick Control Methods in Kenya. Insect science and its application 13: 665-670. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW,HUMAN HEALTH.

Wang, W. J. and Liu, T. S. (1993). Control Effect of Some Common Miticides Against Kanzawa Spider Mite Tetranychus Kanzawai Kishida. Bulletin of taichung district agricultural improvement station 0: 1-8. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Wang, W. J. and Liu, T. S. (1994). Toxicity of Mixtures of Several Miticides and Plant Nutrient Supplement With Fungicide Triforine Against Kanzawa Spider Mite. Plant protection bulletin (taichung) 35: 285-295. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Webb, M. A. (1987). Pesticidal Compositions Employing Stabilized Amitraz Us Patent-4710512. December 1 1987. Off gaz u s pat trademark off pat 1085: 382. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NO TOX DATA.

Westermann, C. M. ( [Additional Information on th e Article Amitraz Intoxications in the Horse]. Tijdschr diergeneeskd. 2005, may 1; 130(9):288. [Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde]: Tijdschr Diergeneeskd

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,HUMAN HEALTH.

Westigard, P. H., Gut, L. J., and Liss, W. J. (1986). Selective Control Program for the Pear Pest Complex in Southern Oregon . J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 250-257. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CHX,FNV,DZ,FTT,PSM,OML,AMZ Code : MIXTURE.

Who ( Iarc International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans Vol. 38. Tobacco Smoking

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### 88 Williams, G. M., Mori, H., and Mcqueen, C. A. (1989). Structure-Activity Relationships in the Rat Hepatocyte DnaRepair Test for 300 Chemicals. Mutat res 221: 263-286. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Woodrow, J. E., Majewski, M. S., and Seiber, J. N. (1986). Accumulative Sampling of Trace Pesticides and Other Organics in Surface Wa ter Using Xad-4 Resin. J environ sci health part b pestic food contam agric wastes 21: 143-164. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : CHEM METHODS,FATE.

Wright, F. C., Guillot, F. S., and George , J. E. (1988). Efficacy of Acaricides Against Chorioptic Mange of Goats. Am j vet res 49: 903-904. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Wu, D., Costa, L. G., and Murphy, S. D. (1990). The Effect of Pesticides Cd m and Amz on Inhibition of the Binding of Tritiated-Clonidine to Alpha2-Adr enoreceptor in Rat Forebrain Tissue. J west china univ med sci 21: 17-21. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH,IN VITRO.

Wu, T. K. (1992). Feasibility of Controlling Citrus Red Sp ider Mite, Panonychus Citri (A carina: Tetranychidae) by Green Lacewing, Mallada Basalis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Chin j entomol 12: 81-89. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Wu, T. K. and Lo, K. C. (1988). Toxi city of Ovicides on the Egg of Citr us Red Spider Mite Panonychus-Citri Acarina Tetranychidae. Plant prot bull 30: 202-209. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : NON-ENGLISH.

Xu, H., Heinze, T. M., Chen, S., Cerniglia, C. E., and Chen, H. ( Anaerobic Metabolism of 1-Amino-2-NaphtholBased Azo Dyes (Sudan Dyes) by Human Intestinal Microflora. Appl environ microbiol. 2007, dec; 73(23):7759-62. [Applied and environmental microbiology]: Appl Environ Microbiol

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : BACTERIA,HUMAN HEALTH.

Yakobson, B. A., Rosen, S., Hadani, A., and Stern, Y. (1986). The Occurrence and Distribution of Varroasis in Apiaries in Israel. Am bee j 126: 120-121. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Yamano, T. and Morita, S. (1993). E ffects of Pesticides on Isolated Rat Hepatocytes, Mitochondria, and Microsomes. Arch environ contam toxicol 25: 271-278. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Yathiraj, S., Rao, F. M., Reddy, N. Rj, and Rai, M. T. (1990). Treatment of Scabies in Canines With Amitraz. Indian vet j 67: 867-868. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Yess, N. J. (1988). Fda Pesticide Program Residues in Foods 1987. J assoc off anal chem 71: 156a-174a. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD,REVIEW.

Yess, N. J. (1992). Us Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program Residues in Foods 1991. J aoac (assoc off anal chem) int 75: 135a-157a. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FOOD,HUMAN HEALTH.

Yim, G. K. W., Holsapple, M. P., Pf ister, W. R., and Hollingworth, R. M. ( Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibited by Formamidine Pesticides. Life sci. 23(25): 2509-2515 1978 (31 references)

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH.

Yoshimi, N., Sugie, S., Iwata, H., Niwa, K., Mori, H., Hash ida, C., and Shimizu, H. (1988). The Genotoxicity of a

### 89 Variety of Aniline Derivatives in a Dna Repair Test With Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. Mutat res 206: 183-192. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : IN VITRO.

Young, F. M., Menadue, M. F., and Lavranos, T. C. ( Effects of the Insecticide Am itraz, an Alpha2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, on Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells. Hum reprod. 2005, nov; 20(11):3018-25. [Human reproduction (oxford, england)]: Hum Reprod

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,IN VITRO.

Young, F. M., Phungtamdet, W., and Sanderson, B. J. ( Modification of Mtt Assay Conditions to Examine the Cytotoxic Effects of Amitraz on the Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Line, Wil2ns. Toxicol in vitro. 2005, dec; 19(8):1051-9. [Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with bibra]: Toxicol In Vitro

. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : HUMAN HEALTH,IN VITRO.

Zakaria, M., Mahyudin, A., and Kirton, L. G. (1992). Pests and Diseases of Rattans. Mohd, w. R. W., J. Dransfield and n. Manokaran (ed.). Malayan forest record, no. 35. A guide to the cultivation of rattan. Xxiii+293p. Forest research institute (malaysia) : kepong, malaysia. Isbn 983-9595-10-5. 0: 127-141 . Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : REVIEW.

Zaranyika, M. F. and Mandizha, N. T. (1998). Adsorption of Amitraz by a River Sediment: Apparent Thermodynamic Properties. Journal of environmental science and health part b pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes 33: 235-251. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: AMZ Code : FATE.

Zongmao, C. and Xuefen, C. (1990). Chem ical Control of Pests and Diseases in Tea Production in China: Progress and Strategy. Trop.Agric. 67: 363-367. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: BFT,DM,CYP,FNV,PMR,FNT,TCF,DDT,PYN,CuS,RTN,HCCH,DCF,DDVP,PRN,DMT,MLN,PSM,AM Z,Folpet,TPM,CBD,BMY Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Zongmao, C. and Xuefen, C. (1990). Chem ical Control of Pests and Diseases in Tea Production in China: Progress and Strategy. Trop.Agric. 67: 363-367. Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: BFT,DM,CYP,FNV,PMR,FNT,TCF,DDT,PYN,CuS,RTN,HCCH,DCF,DDVP,PRN,DMT,MLN,PSM,AM Z,Folpet,TPM,CBD,BMY Code : REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

### 90 On Order: Potentially Acceptable but Publication has not yet been Received

Al-Qarawi, A. A., Al-Damegh, M. S., and Adam, S. (1999). Effects of Amitraz Given by Different Routes on Rats. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 41: 355-387.

Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T

Herbert, E., Witherell, P. C., Bruce, W. A., and Shimanuki, H. (1989). Evaluation of Six Methods of Detecting Varroa Mites in Beehives Including the Experimental Use of Acaricidal Smokes Containing Fluvalinate or Amitraz. Am.Bee J. 129: 605-606.

Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T

McDougall, K. W., Heath, A. B., and Black, R. R. (197 9). Residues of Amitraz in the Tissues, Milk and Butter of Cattle Dipped in Taktic. Aust.J.Exp.Agric.Anim.Husb. 19: 663-665.

Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T

Oglesby, P. A., Joubert, K. E., and Meiring, T. (2006-). Canine Renal Cortical Necros is and Haemorrh age Following Ingestion of an Amitraz-Form ulated Insecticide Dip. J.South Afr.Vet.Assoc. 77: 160-163.

Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T

Target: Toxicity of Pesticide on Intended Pest

Archer, T. L., Bynum, E. D. Jr., and Plapp, F. W. Jr. (1994). Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae): Cross-Resistance and Synergism. J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1437-1440.

EcoReference No.: 103314 Chemical of Concern: MLN,AMZ,PPB,CBF,ACP,TBF,CPY,DMT,EFV,MOM,OXD; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(EFV,MOM,CBF,AMZ),OK(MLN,PPB,ACP,TBF,DMT,OXD).

Bagwell, R. D. and Plapp, F. W. Jr. (1992). Synergism of Insecticides Against Susceptible and Pyrethroid-Resistant Tobacco Budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Amitraz. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 658-663.

EcoReference No.: 113457 Chemical of Concern: PPB,PYT,CYP,AMZ,ACP,ES; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,POP; Code : OK(ES),TARGET(ACP,AMZ,CYP,PPB).

Bandyopadhyay, B. and Sarma, J. S. (1993). Therapeutic Evaluation of Deltamethrin and Amitraz Against Organophosphate Resistant Canine Ticks and Fleas. Indian Vet.J. 70: 1053-1054.

EcoReference No.: 111748 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,DM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ,DM).

Barnard, D. R., Jones, B. G., Rogers, G. D., and Mount, G. A. (1981). Acaricid e Susceptibility in the lone Star Tick: Assay Techniques and Baseline Data. J.Econ.Entomol. 74: 466-469.

EcoReference No.: 113406 Chemical of Concern: MXC,TXP,HCCH,MLN,CMPH,DZ,CBL,CPY,PMR,PSM,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ,PSM,PMR,C PY,CBL,DZ,CMPH,MLN).

Bayoun, I. M., Plapp, F. W. Jr., Gilstrap , F. E., and Michels, G. J. Jr. (1995). Toxicity of Selected Insecticides to Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Its Natural Enemies. J.Econ.Entomol. 88: 1177-1185.

### 91 EcoReference No.: 39997 Chemical of Concern: MLN,MP,DZ,PFF,SPS, ACP,PRT,CPY,DMT,PMR,DM,LCYT,MOM,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PRT,PFF,DZ,CPY,ACP,DMT,MLN,MP,MOM,AMZ).

Bellows, T. S. Jr. and Morse, J. G. (1993). Toxicity of Insecticides Used in Citrus to Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Rhizobius loph anthae (Blaisd.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Can.Entomol. 125: 987-994.

EcoReference No.: 59334 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,Naled,TCF,ACP,DM T,MDT,AZ,BFT,EFV,FPP,FVL,CBL,TDC,MVP,MOM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(BFT,CBL,FPP,TCF,Naled,AZ,EFV,MOM), TARGET(AMZ,ACP,DMT,MDT,CPY),OK(TDC).

Berlinger, M. J., Lebiush-Mordechi, S., Dahan, R., and Taylor, R. A. J. (1996). A Rapid Method for Screening Insecticides in the Laboratory. Pestic.Sci. 46: 345-353 .

EcoReference No.: 109832 Chemical of Concern: CYP,CYH,MDT,FPP,DM,FYT,DDVP,DZ,CPY,ACP ,FNT,PRN,CPYM,DMT,AMZ,TPZ,THO,BFT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : EFFICACY(FPP,BFT,AMZ),NO ENDPOINT(CYP,DM,DDVP,DZ,CPY,ACP,FNT,CPYM),NO MIXTURE(MDT,DMT).

Brunner, J. F. and Doerr, M. D. (1995). Bioassay, Effect of Commonly Applied Pesticides on C. florus in North Central Washington, 1994. Arthropod Manag.Tests 20: 337-338 (18L).

EcoReference No.: 110863 Chemical of Concern: DZ,DMT,DMR,DFZ,CPY,MDT,IMC,OML,EFV,AZ,PSM,MP,AMZ,CBL,FTTCl,ES,FBOX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(DZ,DMT,DMR,DFZ,CPY,MDT,IMC,OML,EFV,AZ,PSM,MP,AMZ,CBL,FTTCl,ES,FBOX).

Brunner, J. F. and Doerr, M. D. (1995). Bioassay, Effect of Commonly Applied Pesticides on T. platneri in North Central Washington, 1994. Arthropod Manag.Tests 20: 339-340 (19L).

EcoReference No.: 110866 Chemical of Concern: PSM,OML,MTD,DFZ,IMC,MPO,TCP,MDTO,DZ,AZ,CBL,PMR,EFV,AMZ,FBOX,ES,FTTCl; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PSM,OML,MTD,DFZ,IMC, MPO,TCP,MDTO,DZ,AZ,CBL,PMR,EFV,AMZ,FBOX,ES,FTTCl)

.
Bues, R., Boudinhon, L., Toubon, J. F. , and Faivre D'Arcier, F. (1999). Geographic and Seasonal Variability of Resistance to Insecticides in Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hom., Psyllidae). J.Appl.Entomol. 123: 289-297.

EcoReference No.: 72767 Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,CYP,PSM,MLN,MP,MOM,AMZ,PRN,PI M,CPYM,FNV,MVP,DM,PSM,EFV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(MOM,MP,FNV,CPYM, PSM,DM,MLN,CYP,AZ,AMZ).

Burts, E. C. (1985). SN 72129 and Avermectin BI- Two new Pesticides for Control of Pear Psylla - Psylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 1327-1330.

EcoReference No.: 112696 Chemical of Concern: AV,FNV,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(FNV,AMZ).

### 92 Bynum, E. D. Jr. and Archer, T. L. (2002). Susceptibility of Populations of Banks Grass Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) Suspected of Developing Bife nthrin Resistance from Three Maize Fields. Exp.Appl.Acarol. 27: 303-312.

EcoReference No.: 103051 Chemical of Concern: TBF,BFT,DMT,OXD,AMZ,PPB; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(TBF),OK(OXD),TARGET(DMT,BFT,AMZ),NO COC(PMR).

Bynum, E. D. Jr., Archer, T. L., and Plapp, F. W. Jr. (1990). Action of Insecticides to Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Corn in the Texas High Plains: Toxicity, Resistance, and Synergistic Combinations. J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 1236-1242.

EcoReference No.: 112467 Chemical of Concern: PPB,PPG,AMZ,OXD,BFT,P MR,FNV,MDT,DS,DZ,PFF,ACP,DMT,PRT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR; Code : NO MIXTURE(PPB),TARGET(PPG,AMZ,OXD,BFT,PMR,FNV,MDT,DS,DZ,PFF,ACP,DMT,PRT).

Bynum, E. D. Jr., Archer, T. L., and Plapp, F. W. Jr . (1997). Comparison of Banks Grass Mite and Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae): Responses to In secticides Alone and in Synergistic Combinations. J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 1125-1130.

EcoReference No.: 63628 Chemical of Concern: OXD,AMZ,BFT,DZ,DMT,EFV,PMR,PPB,TBF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : OK(OXD,BFT,DZ,DMT,PMR),NO MI XTURE(PPB,TBF),TARGET(EFV,AMZ).

Castle, S. J., Toscano, N. C., Prabhaker, N., Henneberry, T. J., and Palumbo, J. C. (2002). Field Evaluation of Different Insecticide Use Strategies as Resistance Management and Control Tactics for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 92: 449-460.

EcoReference No.: 81336 Chemical of Concern: BFT,AMZ,CPY,ES; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(BFT,ES),TARGET(CPY,AMZ).

Chandrapatya, A. (1991). Bionomics and Chemical Control of Tetranychus hydrangeae Pritchard et Baker. In: F.Dusbabek and V.Bukva (Eds.), Modern Acarology, Int.Congr.of Acarol., Aug.6-11, 1990, Ceske Budejovice, Czechoslovakia, SPB Ac ad.Publ., The Haque, Netherlands 505-511.

EcoReference No.: 97571 Chemical of Concern: PPG,HTX,DCF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(HTX,PPG,DCF,AMZ).

Childers, C. C. and Nigg, H. N. (1982). Contact Toxicity of Insecticides to Adults of the Coffee Bean Weevil (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 75: 556-559 .

EcoReference No.: 107388 Chemical of Concern: FNV,FVL,PMR,BDC,OML,AND,ES,ACP,CPY,DZ,ETN ,IFP,MLN,MDT,PHSL,SPS,TCF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR,ES),TARGET(FNV,FVL,MOM,OML,ACP,AZ,DZ,MLN,MDT,PSM,TCF,AMZ ),NO COC(MOM).

Chu, C. C., Henneberry, T. J., and Akey, D. H. (1994). Insecticide Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Cotton, 1992. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 221 (61F).

EcoReference No.: 97788 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FPP,ES,FYC,B FT,AZD,FSTAl,ADC,ACP,IMC; Habitat : T; Effect Codes :

### 93 POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(FSTAl,AZD,ACP,IMC),EFFICACY(BFT,FYC,ADC,AMZ,FPP),TARGET,CROP(ES).

Chu, C. C., Henneberry, T. J., and Akey, D. H. (1994). Insecticide Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Spring Cantaloupe, 1992 . Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 78-79 (29E).

EcoReference No.: 97787 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FPP,ES ,FYC,MTM,BFT,FSTAl; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(FSTAl),OK(MTM),EFFICACY(BFT,FYC,AMZ,FPP),TARGET,CROP(ES).

Civolani, S., Peretto, R., Caroli, L., Pasqualini, E., Chicca, M., and Leis , M. (2007). Prel iminary Resistance Screening on Abamectin in Pear Psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Northern Italy. J.Econ.Entomol. 100: 1637-1641.

EcoReference No.: 111643 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,ABM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Coetzee, B. B., Stanford, G. D., and Davis, D. A. T. (1987). The Resist ance Spectrum Shown by a FenvalerateResistant Strain of Blue Tick (Boophilus decoloratus) to a Range of Ixodicides. Onderstepoort J.Vet.Res. 54: 79-82.

EcoReference No.: 72454 Chemical of Concern: TXP,DDT,CYP,AMZ,CYH,DM,FNV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(CYP,FNV,DM,AMZ),NO COC(MTAS,DZ).

Collison, C. H., Danka, R. G., and Kennell, D. R. (1981) . An Evaluation of Permethrin, Carbaryl, and Amitraz for the Control of Northern Fowl Mites on Caged Chickens. Poult.Sci. 60: 1812-1817.

EcoReference No.: 36214 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,PMR,CBL; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : EFFICACY(PMR,CBL,AMZ).

De Souza, K. R., McVeigh, L. J., and Wright, D. J. ( 1992). Selection of Insecticides for Lure and Kill Studies Against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 2100-2106.

EcoReference No.: 112249 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CPY,MLN,DTATN,CYP,MOM,PMR,BDC,LCYT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,ACC,REP; Code : OK(PMR,CPY),TARGET(CYP,DTATN,MOM,MLN,AMZ).

Devine, G. J., Barber, M., and Denholm, I. (2001). Incide nce and Inheritance of Resist ance to METI-Acaricides in European Strains of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Manag.Sci. 57: 443-448.

EcoReference No.: 64424 Chemical of Concern: DCF,TFY,PRB,FPY,BFT,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(DCF,AMZ).

Drummond, R. O. (1981). Susceptibility of the Cayenne Tick to Acaricides. J.Econ.Entomol. 74: 470-472.

EcoReference No.: 113468 Chemical of Concern: DDT,FNTH,TXP,AsTo, PPHD,ETN,HCCH,MLN,DZ,CBL,C MPH,CPY,PSM,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP,MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ,PSM,CPY,CMPH,CBL,TCF,DZ,MLN).

Dujin, T., Jovanovic, V., Suvakov, D., and Milkovic, Z. (1991). Effects of Extended Utilisation of Amitraz-Based Preparations of Extended on the Formation of Resistant Strains of Varroa jacobsoni. Vet.Glas. 45: 851- 855.

### 94 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Code : TARGET (AMZ).

Durant, J. A. and Moore, R. F. (1989). Ovo-larvicidal Ac tivity of Selected Insecticide Treatments Against Heliothis spp. on Cotton. J.Agric.Entomol. 6: 227-232.

EcoReference No.: 73703 Chemical of Concern: MOM,CYF,TLM, TDC,PFF,AMZ,CYP,FYC,LCYT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(TDC,CYF,MO M,FYC,PFF,DM,AMZ).

El-Sayed, G. N. and Knowles, C. O. (1984). Formamidine Synergism of Pyrethroid Toxicity to Twospotted Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 23-30.

EcoReference No.: 112676 Chemical of Concern: FVL,FYT,FNV,FPP,CYP,PMR,DM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(DM),OK(PMR,CYP,FNV,FVL),TARGET(AMZ,FPP).

Elzen, G. W. (1996). Evaluation of B eet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuida e) Tolerance to Insecticides and Response to IGR's. Southwest.Entomol. 21: 127-133.

EcoReference No.: 68418 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,TLM,MOM,ACP ,BFT,CPY,SPS,PFF,TDC,FYC,DFZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : NO ENDPOINT(CPY,DFZ),TARGET(AMZ,TLM,MOM,ACP,BFT,PFF,TDC,FYC).

Elzen, P. J., Baxter, J. R., Spivak, M., and Wilson, W. T. (2000). Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Resistant to Fluvalinate and Amitraz Using Coumaphos. Apidologie 31: 437-441.

EcoReference No.: 63848 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FVL,CMPH; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(FVL),TARGET(CMPH,AMZ).

Erler, F. and Cetin, H. (2005). Evaluation of Some Selec tive Insecticides and Their Combinations with Summer Oil for the Control of the Pear Psylla Cacopsylla pyri. Phytoparasitica 33: 169-176.

EcoReference No.: 111715 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,PYX,ES,DFZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,POP; Code : TARGET(AMZ,ES,DFZ).

Erler, F., Yegen, O., and Zeller, W. (2007). Field Evaluatio n of a Botanical Natural Product Against the Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 100: 66-71.

EcoReference No.: 112030 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP,MOR,PHY; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Gotoh, T., Kitashima, Y., and Adachi, I. (2004). Geographic Variation of Susc eptibility to Acaricides in Two Spider Mite Species, Panonychus osmanthi and P. citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Japan. Int.J.Acarol. 30: 55-61.

EcoReference No.: 82397 Chemical of Concern: DCF,AMZ,MBM,HTX,FPY,EXZ,ACQ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(HTX,DCF,AMZ).

Heath, A. C. G., Tenquist, J. D., and Bishop, D. M. (1980 ). Effects of Pour-on Organophosphate Insecticides and a Diamidide Araricide on the Cattle Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. N.Z.J.Exp.Agric. 8: 79-87.

EcoReference No.: 37055

### 95 Chemical of Concern: FNTH,TMP,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(TMP,AMZ).

Hopkins, S. W., Hopkins, H. B., Benedict, J. H., and Pi ckel, S. L. (1988). Ovicide, Larvicide Trials, 1988. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 14: 235 (89F).

EcoReference No.: 105569 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CYF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ,CYF).

Horowitz, A. R., Toscano, N. C., Youngman, R. R., and Miller, T. A. (1987). Synergistic Activity of Binary Mixtures of Insecticides on Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs. J.Econ.Entomol. 80: 333- 337.

EcoReference No.: 73691 Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,MOM,FNV,TDC,MP,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MOM,FNV,MP,ACP,TDC,AMZ).

Hull, L. A. (1996). Pear, Seasonal Insec ticide Evaluation for Pear Psylla, 1995. Arthropod Manag.Tests 21: 47-49 (39A).

EcoReference No.: 98585 Chemical of Concern: FYC,AM Z,CFP,OTQ,MP,ABM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : NO COC(Ziram),TARGET( FYC,MP,AMZ,CFP).

Kirk, I. W., House, V. S., and Bouse, L. F. (1993). Ovicide Formulation and Aerial Application Parameters Influence Control of Tobacco Budworm on Cotton. In: B.N.Divesitty,D.G.Chasin, and P.D.Berger (Eds.), ASTM (Am.Soc.Test.and Mater.) Spec.Tech.Publ.No .1146, Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, 12th Vol., 12th Symp., Oct.16-17, 1991, San Diego,CA, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 319-339.

EcoReference No.: 89913 Chemical of Concern: TDC,PFF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : PHY,MOR; Code : OK(PFF),EFFICACY(TDC,AMZ).

Knowles, C. O. and El-Sayed, G. N. (1985). Formanilide Enhancement of Acar icide Toxicity to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 308-310 .

EcoReference No.: 112001 Chemical of Concern: FYT,CHX,EN,FBOX,PFF,MP,MLN,CPY,AZ,FVL,FN V,FPP,CYP,PMR,AMZ,DM,MOM,ADC; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MOM,ADC,DM,AMZ,CYP,FPP,FNV,FVL,AZ,MLN,MP,PFF,FBO X).

Koch, H. G. and Burkwhat, H. E. (1983). Susceptibility of the American Dog Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) to Residues of Acaricides: Laboratory Assays. J.Econ.Entomol. 76: 337-339.

EcoReference No.: 113231 Chemical of Concern: CHD,PYN,MXC,BDC,RTN,RSM,Naled,ATN,AMZ,CMPH,PSM,CBL,CPY,DZ,PPX,MLN; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PSM,CBL,CPY,DZ,PPX,MLN,CM PH,AMZ,ATN,Naled,RSM,RTN).

Koch, H. G. and Burkwhat, H. E. (1984). Susceptibility of the Brown Dog Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) to Fresh Residues of Acaricides: Laboratory Assays and Comparison of Susceptibility of Different Life Stages of the Lone Star and American Dog Tick. J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 670-674.

EcoReference No.: 113740

### 96 Chemical of Concern: CHD,MXC,TXP,MLN,HCCH,ATN,Naled,FNTH,CPY,TCF,DDVP,DZ,TVP,RTN,CMPH,CBL,PYN,PSM ,AMZ,RSM,PMR,BDC,PPX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PPX,PMR,RSM,PSM,CBL,CMPH,RTN,TVP,DZ,DDVP,TCF,CPY,Naled,ATN,MLN,AMZ).

Koch, H. G., Burkwhat, H. E., and Tuck, M. D. (1985). Fi eld Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Acaricides Against Lone Star Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Domestic Dogs. J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 287-289.

EcoReference No.: 112752 Chemical of Concern: HCCH,PYN,CPY,MLN,CBL,PMR,PSM,AMZ,PPX; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : OK(PMR),TARGET(PPX, AMZ,PSM,CBL,MLN,CPY).

Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., and George, J. E. (2004). Det ection and Characterization of Amitraz Resistance in the Southern Cattle Tick, B oophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J.Med.Entomol. 41: 193- 200.

EcoReference No.: 88228 Chemical of Concern: DZ,CMPH,AMZ,PPB,PMR; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PMR,DZ,CMPH,AMZ).

Loera-Gallardo, J., Wolfenbarger, D. A., and Riley, D. G. (1998). Insecticidal Mixture In teractions Against B-Strain Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homopt era: Aleyrodidae). J.Entomol.Sci. 33: 407-411.

EcoReference No.: 63008 Chemical of Concern: PPB,MP,ACP, FPP,AMZ,BPZ,AZ,BFT,ES; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : OK(ALL CHEMS),NO COC(CTN),TARGET(MP,A Z,ACP,ES,AMZ,FPP).

Lupo, A. and Gerling, D. ( 1990). A Comparison Between the Efficiency of Summer Tr eatments Using Formic Acid and Taktic Against Varroa jacobsoni in Beehives. Apidologie 21: 261-267.

EcoReference No.: 114419 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,FMA; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Maciesiak, A. and Olszak, R. W. (1999). Effectiveness of Acaricide Mixtures in the Control of Phytophagous Mites on Apple Trees. J.Fruit Ornam.Plant Res. 7: 91-96.

EcoReference No.: 97506 Chemical of Concern: HTX,PPG,CTE,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(PPG),OK(HTX),TARGET(AMZ).

Makundi, R. H. and Kashenge, S. (2002 ). Comparative Efficacy of Neem, Azad irachta indica, Extract Formulations and the Synthetic Acaricide, Amitr az (Mitac), Against the Two Spotted Spider Mites, Te tranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), on Toma toes, Lycopersicum esculentum. Z.Pflanzenkrankh.Pflanzenschutz 109: 57-63.

EcoReference No.: 100213 Chemical of Concern: AZD,NMO,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,REP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(AZD,NMO),EFFICACY(AMZ).

Marcic, D., Peric, P., Ogurlic, I., Prijovic, M., and Andric, G. (2007). Effectiveness of Spirodiclofen in the Control of European Red Mite (Panonychus ulmi) on Apple and Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyri). Pestic.Fitomed. 22: 301-309.

EcoReference No.: 108292 Chemical of Concern: FZQ,DFZ,AMZ,ABM,BFT,SDF,CTZ,FPY; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : EFFICACY(FZQ,BFT,SDF,CTZ,DFZ,AMZ).

### 97 Marshall, D. B. and Pree, D. J. (199 1). Effects of Miticides on the Life Stages of the European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Can.Entomol. 123: 77-87.

EcoReference No.: 114938 Chemical of Concern: PMR,FPP,AMZ,HTX,FB OX,PPG,FTTCl,DCF,DINO,DIE,CTZ,CHX,OTQ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(DCF,FTTCl,PPG,FBOX,HTX,CTZ,AMZ,FPP,PMR).

Mohamed, H. A., Bashir, N. H. H., and El-Tayeb, Y. M. (1993). Susceptibilities of Three Insect Pests of Cotton to Insecticides and Mixtures. Insect Sci.Appl. 14: 193-197.

EcoReference No.: 82824 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CPY,DMT,ES,FNV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(ES),TARGET(AMZ,CPY,DMT,FNV),NO COC(DKGNa).

Morse, J. G., Bellows, T. S. Jr., Gaston, L. K., and Iwata, Y. (1987). Residual Toxicity of Acaricides to Three Beneficial Species on California Citrus. J.Econ.Entomol. 80: 953-960.

EcoReference No.: 111947 Chemical of Concern: OTQ,TPH,CHX,AV,DCF,PPG,AMZ; Habitat : T; Code : TARGET(AMZ,PPG,DCF).

Nolan, J., Wilson, J. T., Green, P. E., and Bird, P. E. (1 989). Synthetic Pyrethroid Resistance in Field Samples in the Cattle Tick (Boophilus microplus). Aust.Vet.J. 66: 179-182.

EcoReference No.: 72453 Chemical of Concern: ETN,AMZ,CYH,CYP,DM,DDT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,ACC; Code : TARGET(DM,AMZ).

Olszak, R. W. (1999). Influence of Some Pesticides on Mortality and Fecundity of the Aphidophagous Coccinellid Adalia bipunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae). J.Appl.Entomol. 123: 41-45.

EcoReference No.: 64265 Chemical of Concern: FBOX,DOD,DFC,MEM,TFZ,FUZ,MZB,FRM,TFR,I PD,VCZ,CTZ,AMZ,HTX,PP G,FO,PPX,MXC,ES,FP P,EFV; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,REP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(ES,VCZ,IPD),TARGET(FBOX,CTZ,PPG,EFV,AMZ,FPP),OK(TFZ,FUZ,MZB,FRM,HTX),NO MIXTURE(PPX,MXC).

Oomen, P. A., Romeijn, G., and Wiegers, G. L. (1991) . Side-Effects of 100 Pesticides on the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, Collected and Evaluated According to the EPPO Guideline. Bull.Org.Eur.Medit.Prot.Plant 21: 701-712.

EcoReference No.: 99162 Chemical of Concern: TVP,CTN,FRM,FTF,Folpet,IPD,MZB,Maneb,PCZ ,SFR,THM,TFR,VCZ,ATZ,BMC,24D,GFSNH,GYP,S Z,DCF,ES,FYC,HTX,MLN,MOM,MVP,OML,PMR,TFR,CBL,ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,CYR,DU,DMT,DCF,D Z,DM,BMN,FZFB,MTSM,CQTC,ABM,AMZ,BPZ,CHX,CYP,IPD; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP; Code : NO ENDPOINT(TVP,CTN,FRM,Folpet,IPD,MZB,Maneb,PCZ,SFR,THM,VCZ,ATZ,BMC,24D,GFSNH,GYP ,SZ,DCF,ES,DM,DCF, ES,FYC,HTX,MLN,MOM,MVP,OML,MP,PMR,TFR, CBL,ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,CYR,DZ,DMT,DU,ES,FT F,IPD),TARGET(OML,DCF,AMZ).

Palumbo, J. C., Mullis, C. H., and Reyes, F. J. (1993). Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly in Cantaloupe with Various Pesticides, 1992. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 117 (35E).

### 98 EcoReference No.: 98102 Chemical of Concern: ES,BFT,AMZ,LCYT,FSTAl; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(FSTAl),OK(LCYT),TARGET(BFT,ES,AMZ).

Peregrine, D. J. and Lemon, R. W. (1986). The Value of Amitraz for Control of Bemista tabaci on Cotton. Agric.Ecosyst.Environ. 17: 129-135.

Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Pound, J. M., Miller, J. A., and Geor ge, J. E. (2000). Efficacy of Amitraz A pplied to White-Tailed Deer by the `4- Poster' Topical Treatment Device in Controlling Free- Living Lone Star Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J.Med.Entomol. 37: 878-884.

EcoReference No.: 59610 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Pound, J. M., Miller, J. A., George, J. E., and Lemeilleur , C. A. (2000). The `4-Poste r' Passive Topical Treatment Device to Apply Acaricide for Controlling Ticks (Aca ri: Ixodidae) Feeding on White-Tailed Deer. J.Med.Entomol. 37: 588-594 .

EcoReference No.: 59611 Chemical of Concern: AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Prabhaker, N., Toscano, N. C., and Henneberry, T. J. (1999). Comparison of Neem, Urea, and Amitraz as Oviposition Suppressants and Larvicides Against Be misia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 92: 40-46.

EcoReference No.: 63059 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,AZD,Urea; Habitat : T; Code : TARGET(AZD,AMZ).

Pridgeon, J. W., Pereira, R. M., Becnel, J. J., Allan, S. A., Clark, G. G., an d Linthicum, K. J. (2008). Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and A nopheles quadrimaculatus Say to 19 Pesticides with Different Modes of Action. J.Med.Entomol. 45: 82-87.

EcoReference No.: 115310 Chemical of Concern: NP,ABM,SS,IDC,CHX,HM N,FPN,PRM,DZ,IMC,CBL,CFP,PRB,PPG,DCF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AMZ,DCF,PPG,PRB,CFP,CBL,IMC,DZ,PMR,FPN).

Rao, N. V., Reddy, A. S., and Reddy, P. S. (1990). Relative Efficacy of Some new Insecticides on Insect Pests of Cotton. Indian J.Plant Prot. 18: 53-58.

EcoReference No.: 82101 Chemical of Concern: ALSV,AZD,ACP,AMZ,CTN,MOIL,CYP,ES,TPZ,DM; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(ALSV,ES),TARGET(AZD,ACP,AMZ,ETN,CYP,DM).

Riley, D. G. (1992). Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly in Cantaloupe with Adjuvants, Endosulfan and Amitraz, 1991. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 95 (24E).

EcoReference No.: 104288 Chemical of Concern: ES,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(ES,AMZ).

Ross, D. C. and Brown, T. M. (1982). Inhibition of Larval Growth in Spodoptera frugiperda by Sublethal Dietary Concentrations of Insecticides. J.Agric.Food Chem. 30: 193-196.

EcoReference No.: 90474 Chemical of Concern:

### 99 FNV,PMR,DDT,ES,TXP,ADC,CBL,M CB,MOM,TDC,CPY,MP,PFF,SPS, TCF,AMZ,DFZ,MTPN,PPB; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : GRO,MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV,ADC,CBL,MOM,TDC,MP,PFF,TCF,MTPN,PPB,DFZ,AMZ,MCB),OK(P MR,ES).

Rudd, J. A. (1997). Effects of Pesticides on Spin Down and Webbing Production by the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (A cari: Tetranychidae). Exp.Appl.Acarol. 21: 615-628.

EcoReference No.: 63481 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CHX,CTX,PMR; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : BEH,REP; Code : TARGET(AMZ).

Samsoe-Petersen, L. (1993). Effects of 45 Insecticides, Acaricides and Mollu scicides on the Rove Beetle Aleochara bilineata (Col.: Staphylinid ae) in the Laboratory. Entomophaga 38: 371-382.

EcoReference No.: 63489 Chemical of Concern: DM,FPP,CYP,CYF,LCYT,FVT,DFZ,BPZ,CYR,CTZ,FYC,HTX,AMZ,MAL,MVP,DMT,MTM,ACP,AZ,F NT,CPY,DZ,PPHD,PSM,MCB,PIM,CBL,OML; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : REP,MOR; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(PSM,CYP,CYF,CYR,HTX,DMT,MTM,ACP,AZ,DZ,CBL,FNT,OML,DM,AMZ ,FPP,MCB).

Samsoe-Petersen, L. (1987). Laboratory Method for Te sting Side-Effects of Pesticides on the Rove Beetle Aleochara bilineata - Adults. Entomophaga 32: 73-81.

EcoReference No.: 70278 Chemical of Concern: ACP,AMZ,AZ,DM,FN T,THM,MZB,BMC,CQTC, CBL,SZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR,REP; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(SZ,CQTC,BMC,MZB),OK(THM),TARGET(ACP,AZ,CBL,FNT,DM,AMZ).

Schaub, L., Garnier, G., and Bloesch, B. (2002). An Extended Laboratory Method Maximizing Plant Contact Time to Study the Side-Effects of Pesticides on Plant-Dwelling Predators. J.Appl.Entomol. 126: 155-158.

EcoReference No.: 69747 Chemical of Concern: AMZ,ABM,CYH,MVP,IMC,AZD,DMT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(AZD,IM C,DMT,AMZ).

Scott-Dupree, C. D. and Otis, G. W. (1992). The Efficacy of Fo ur Miticides for the Cont rol of Acar apis woodi (Rennie) in a Fall Treatment Program. Apidologie 23: 97-106.

EcoReference No.: 105783 Chemical of Concern: MEN,FVL,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP; Code : TARGET(FVL,AMZ),LITE EVAL CODED(MEN).

Teel, P. D., Fuchs, T. W., Huston, J. E., Longnecker, M. T., and Pickel, S. L. (1990). Effects of Sequential Infestations of Dermacentor albipictus and Amblyomm a americanum (Acari: Ixod idae) on Overwintering Beef Cows in West-Central Texas. J.Med.Entomol. 27: 632-641.

EcoReference No.: 92598 Chemical of Concern: FNV,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,GRO; Code : EFFICACY(FNV,AMZ).

Usmani, K. A. and Knowles, C. O. (2001). Toxicity of Pyrethroids and Effect of Synergists to Larval and Adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 868-873.

### 100 EcoReference No.: 63706 Chemical of Concern: CYP,PMR,PPB,DEF,AMZ; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : TARGET(PMR,AMZ),OK(CYP),NO MIXTURE(PPB,DEF).

Van Steenwyk, R. A., Fouche, C. F., and Havens, D. M. (1988). Control of Mountain Leafhopper on Cherry, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 55 (2B).

EcoReference No.: 88831 Chemical of Concern: FNV,CBL,AMZ,DZ,FTTCl,ETN; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : OK(ETN),TARGET(CBL,D Z,FNV,AMZ,FTTCl).

Wilson, L. J., Bauer, L. R., and Lally, D. A. (1998). Ef fect of Early Season Insec ticide Use on Predators and Outbreaks of Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Cotton. Bull.Entomol.Res. 88: 477-488.

EcoReference No.: 77182 Chemical of Concern: TDC,MOM,AMZ,ES,DMT; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : POP,PHY; Code : LITE EVAL CODED(ES),OK(DMT),TARG ET(MOM,TDC),EFFICACY(AMZ).

Zhao, G., Liu, W., Brown, J. M., and Knowles, C. O. (19 95). Insecticide Resistance in Field and Laboratory Strains of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 88: 1164-1170.

EcoReference No.: 55928 Chemical of Concern: PPB,PMR,CYP,FNV,MOM,DZ,BDC,AMZ,IMC,DDT,TBF; Habitat : T; Effect Codes : MOR; Code : OK(PMR,CYP,FNV,DZ,IMC),NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF),TARGET(MOM,AMZ).