NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy 

Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

Process Design of Wastewater 

Treatment for the NREL 

Cellulosic Ethanol Model 

Thomas Steinwinder

Brown and Caldwell

Nashville, Tennessee

Everett Gill

Brown and Caldwell

West Palm Beach, Florida

Matthew Gerhardt

Brown and Caldwell

Walnut Creek, California

Subcontract Report

NREL/SR-5100-51838

September 2011
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy 

Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

1617 Cole Boulevard

Golden, Colorado 80401

303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

Process Design of Wastewater 

Treatment for the NREL 

Cellulosic Ethanol Model 

Thomas Steinwinder

Brown and Caldwell

Nashville, Tennessee

Everett Gill

Brown and Caldwell 

West Palm Beach, Florida

Matthew Gerhardt

Brown and Caldwell

Walnut Creek, California

NREL Technical Monitor: David Humbird

Prepared under Subcontract No. RGB-0-40607-01

Subcontract Report

NREL/SR-5100-51838

September 2011
This publication was reproduced from the best available copy

submitted by the subcontractor and received no editorial review at NREL.

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Process Design of Wastewater Treatment for the NREL Cellulosic
 

Ethanol Model
 

Prepared for
 

Harris Group, Inc. and
 

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory
 

January 24, 2011
 

Rev. A: February 11, 2011
 

Rev. B: July 27,2011
 

Rev. C: September 1, 2011
 

139646 

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150 

Nashville, Tennessee 37228 

 

Table of Contents
 

List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... v
 

List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... vi
 

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 1-1
 

1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1-1
 

1.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 1-1
 

2. Characterization ....................................................................................................................................... 2-1
 

2.1 Characterization............................................................................................................................. 2-1
 

3. Process Design ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1
 

3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3-1
 

3.2 Process Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-1
 

3.3 Process Design............................................................................................................................... 3-2
 

3.3.1 Anaerobic Process ........................................................................................................... 3-2
 

3.3.1.1 ADI............................................................................................................................. 3-2
 

3.3.1.2 Biothane ................................................................................................................... 3-2
 

3.3.2 Biogas Reuse ................................................................................................................... 3-3
 

3.3.2.1 Sulfur Removal Option 1: Biogas Boiler/Biomass Burner..................................... 3-3
 

3.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal Option 2: Scrubbing and Biological Oxidation ............................. 3-4
 

3.3.3 Aerobic Process................................................................................................................ 3-4
 

3.3.3.1 Aerobic Influent Flow ............................................................................................... 3-5
 

3.3.3.2 Influent Solids (TSSI)................................................................................................ 3-5
 

3.3.3.3 Aerobic COD Removed............................................................................................. 3-5
 

3.3.3.4 Aerobic Influent Ammonia Nitrogen Oxidized (NR) ................................................. 3-5
 

3.3.3.5 Endogenous Decay Coefficient (bH and bN)............................................................ 3-5
 

3.3.3.6 Biodegradable Fraction (XdH and XdN) ..................................................................... 3-6
 

3.3.3.7 Required Nitrifier Population (XVN) .......................................................................... 3-6
 

3.3.3.8 Chemical Requirements .......................................................................................... 3-6
 

3.3.3.9 Sludge Production.................................................................................................... 3-7
 

3.3.3.10 Basin Volume ........................................................................................................... 3-8
 

3.3.3.11 Oxygen Requirements (rr) ........................................................................................ 3-8
 

3.3.3.12 Endogenous Oxygen Demand (b’)........................................................................... 3-9
 

3.3.4 Secondary Clarification.................................................................................................... 3-9
 

3.3.5 Sludge Handling............................................................................................................... 3-9
 

3.3.6 Sludge Dewatering.........................................................................................................3-10
 

3.3.7 Salt Removal ..................................................................................................................3-10
 

4. Cost Estimate............................................................................................................................................ 4-1
 

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4-1
 

4.2 Cost Estimates ............................................................................................................................... 4-1
 

iii 
Table of Contents National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

References .................................................................................................................................................. REF-1
 

Appendix A: Analytical Data...............................................................................................................................A
 

Appendix B: Block Flow Diagrams (BFDs) ........................................................................................................ B
 

Appendix C: Major Equipment List.................................................................................................................... C
 

Appendix D: Cost Estimate Detail ..................................................................................................................... D
 

Appendix E: Draft Design Basis Supporting Data .............................................................................................E
 

iv 
Table of Contents National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

List of Tables
 

Table 2-1. Characterization Data and Design Basis..................................................................................... 2-2
 

Table 2-1. Characterization Data and Design Basis..................................................................................... 2-3
 

Table 2-2. Additional Design Basis Parameters............................................................................................ 2-3
 

Table 3-1. Major Process Components ......................................................................................................... 3-1
 

Table 3-2. ADI System Estimated Effluent Concentrations .......................................................................... 3-2
 

Table 3-3. Biothane Estimated Effluent Concentrations.............................................................................. 3-3
 

Table 3-4. System VSS.................................................................................................................................... 3-8
 

Table 3-5. Aerobic System TSS ...................................................................................................................... 3-8
 

Table 3-6. Aeration Basin Sizing .................................................................................................................... 3-8
 

Table 3-7. Aeration Requirements for Oxygen Demand............................................................................... 3-9
 

Table 3-8. Blower Requirements to Provide Required Oxygen Transfer ..................................................... 3-9
 

Table 4-1. Major Capital Cost Components................................................................................................... 4-2
 

Table 4-2. Operations and Maintenance Cost Estimate .............................................................................. 4-2
 

v 
Table of Contents National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

List of Abbreviations
 

AACE Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering 

BC Brown and Caldwell 

BFD block flow diagram 

BOD biochemical oxygen demand 

CBOD carbonaceous biological oxygen demand 

COD chemical oxygen demand 

GFD gallons per square foot per day 

GPD gallons per day 

GPM gallons per minute 

HRT hydraulic retention time 

MBR membrane bioreactor 

MCRT mean cell residence time 

MG million gallons 

MGD million gallons per day 

MLSS mixed liquor suspended solids 

MLVSS mixed liquor volatile suspended solids 

MPB methane producing bacteria 

ND non-detect 

NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

RO reverse osmosis 

SCFM standard cubic feet per minute 

SMP soluble microbial product 

SOW statement of work 

SRB sulfate reducing bacteria 

SRT solids residence time 

TCOD total chemical oxygen demand 

TDFS total dissolved fixed solids 

TDS total dissolved solids 

TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen 

TIC total inorganic carbon 

TSS total suspended solids 

TVS total volatile solids 

VSS volatile suspended solids 

vi 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 1 

Introduction 

1.1 Background 

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is evaluating a novel process for the production of 

ethanol from the cellulosic feedstock, corn stover. This process results in a liquid by-product stream that 

must be treated with the goal of reusing the effluent water in the production process, thus minimizing 

waste and the impact of this process on the environment. In the Statement of Work (SOW), NREL 

describes the treatment concept as consisting of anaerobic treatment of condensed pretreatment 

vapors, boiler and cooling tower blowdown streams, and filtered beer stillage followed by aerobic 

treatment. The biogas captured in the anaerobic process, the surplus biological sludge, as well as the 

captured lignin would be burned in a biomass boiler to generate steam and ultimately electricity from a 

steam turbine. The treated effluent would be recycled to the ethanol fermentation process. 

Since the development of this conceptual design in 1998, NREL has updated the fermentation process 

which has caused changes to the resultant process wastewater. In general the wastewater contains high 

concentrations of organic compounds, measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical 

oxygen demand (BOD). It also contains high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N). The treatment 

process developed for this wastewater must provide the capacity to reduce the levels of these 

constituents sufficiently for recycle. It should be noted that this evaluation was performed for a specific 

corn stover using dilute acid pretreatment. Changes to the corn stover source and/or method of 

pretreatment may result in changes to the conclusions summarized in this document. As a secondary 

objective, energy in the form of biogas could be recovered during anaerobic treatment and used to meet 

or supplement the facility energy demand. 

1.2 Scope of Work 

The objective of this project was to develop a preliminary process design for treating the wastewater 

from the cellulosic ethanol production process to quality levels required for recycle. Originally, two 

treatment concepts were developed, each accommodating one of the key drivers: 1) high confidence, or 

2) low cost. These treatment process options have a shared design basis developed from 

characterization of the proposed wastewater. The original design basis was modified by NREL in order to 

account for improved efficiencies in the upstream process. The revised design basis included lower total 

suspended solids (TSS) due to the installation of centrifugation upstream of wastewater treatment. Since 

a portion of the total COD, total BOD, and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) were comprised of particulate 

matter, these concentrations decreased accordingly. A third conceptual design was developed based on 

the revised design basis. 

The scope of work for this project consists of three main tasks: 

1. Characterization 

2. Development of the Process Design for each Option 

3. Development of a Cost Estimate 

A sample of the effluent from the ammonia-conditioned hydrolyzate fermentation process was collected 

by NREL and transferred to the Brown and Caldwell (BC) Treatability Laboratory in Nashville, Tennessee. 

This sample was taken after ethanol distillation and removal of usable solids. The sample was analyzed 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 1 

for those organic and inorganic compounds that might impact the design and performance of potential 

treatment processes. The analytical results were used to develop the original design basis for the 

wastewater. This original design basis was then modified to include lower concentrations of TSS, TKN, 

and non-soluble constituents. The modified design basis is presented in Section 2 and the analytical 

data are presented in Appendix A. 

The process design is summarized on a block flow diagram (BFD) and presented in Appendix B. A heat 

and materials balance was developed for key parameters in order to indicate material flows through the 

process. The major equipment is provided in Appendix C as a list with the associated sizing and capacity 

requirements. Estimated chemical addition and power requirements were also provided. The block flow 

diagrams and equipment lists associated with the original design basis are provided in Appendix E. 

A capital and operational cost estimate was developed for the treatment concept option and is 

presented in Section 4 and Appendix D. The capital cost estimate was developed based on the major 

equipment list. The power, chemical, and maintenance requirements were the basis for the operational 

cost estimate. The draft cost estimates associated with the original design basis are also provided in 

Appendix E. 

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Section 2 

Characterization 

2.1 Characterization 

BC’s Nashville Treatability Laboratory received a five gallon cube container of sample from the NREL on 

September 23, 2010. The sample was immediately placed in the cold room (4°C) for preservation. A 

portion of the sample was submitted to an outside analytical laboratory, TestAmerica, for analysis. 

Additional analyses and some duplicate analyses were performed by BC staff in the BC Nashville 

Treatability Laboratory. Results of TestAmerica and BC characterization analyses are summarized in 

Table 2-1. The raw analytical results are provided in Appendix A. A basis of design for the wastewater 

constituents was developed from the characterization data as well as from input from NREL. The basis of 

design is also provided in Table 2-1. 

The characterization data indicate the following: 

 The wastewater sample provided has a very high total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) of 

approximately 125,000 mg/L. This indicates that if the wastewater is amenable to anaerobic 

treatment, there is potential for large quantities of biogas generation and methane recovery. The high 

influent organic load will also result in large quantities of biological sludge to be produced which must 

be handled, dewatered, and disposed. 

 The wastewater sample provided has high TSS concentration (14,000 to 21,000 mg/L) that may 

exclude high-rate anaerobic treatment. As a result, upfront solids removal will be provided via 

centrifugation upstream of wastewater treatment. The average effluent TSS concentration in the 

centrate would be approximately 1,500 mg/L. In the revised design basis, a TSS concentration of 

1,500 mg/L was used. 

 The high TKN values in the sample are a concern for anaerobic treatment. This TKN will be converted 

to ammonia during treatment and the pH will have to be maintained in order to assure the un-ionized 

ammonia concentrations do not reach inhibitory levels. The resulting high ammonia concentrations 

from anaerobic hydrolysis of TKN will require nitrification (i.e. biological conversion of 

ammonia-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen). The nitrification process will also have a high alkalinity 

demand, approximately 7.15 lb CaCO3 per lb of ammonia-nitrogen removed. Based on preliminary 

testing by NREL, a large fraction of the TKN is associated with the TSS as particulate organic nitrogen. 

Adding centrifugation will remove the majority of the particulate organic nitrogen. Based on input from 

NREL, a TKN value of 1,200 mg/L was used for the design basis. 

 Based on the sulfate concentration (4,400 mg/L), higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) will 

be expected in the biogas. Additional gas treatment processes will be required to remove H2S. 

 Based on the information provided in Table 2-1, the COD-to-sulfate ratio is approximately 20. At this 

level, the methane producing bacteria (MPB) will out compete sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) thus no 

significant loss of methane production will occur1. 

 The silica concentration (1,580 mg/L) is high enough to cause concern for treatment via reverse 

osmosis (RO) if it has a large soluble component. The analytical results in Table 2-1 do not distinguish 

between soluble or particulate silica. Soluble silica at circum-neutral pH has a solubility of 

approximately 150 mg/L. As the concentration in the RO reject exceeds this concentration, silica will 

form a precipitate on the membrane surface, potentially reducing the flux and/or causing membrane 

1 Speece, R.E., Anaerobic Biotechnology and Odor/Corrosion Control. 2008. Archae Press, Nashville, TN. 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory	 Section 2 

fouling. However, it is anticipated that the silica concentration is primarily particulate in nature (e.g. 

associated with the corn stover suspended particles). The majority of this particulate silica will be 

removed by the centrifuge upstream of wastewater treatment and will not pose a threat to the RO 

performance. 

Another option for mitigating the risk of fouling due to silica precipitation is operating the RO system 

at an elevated pH (i.e., 10 to 10.5 s.u.). There are RO units specifically developed for this type of 

operation such as the GE high efficiency RO (HEROTM) system. Operating the RO at an elevated pH 

reduces the risk of silica fouling and bio-fouling. 

 The calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations in this sample were lower than expected 

for a cellulose-based wastewater. The low hardness will reduce concerns of chemical precipitation on 

membrane surfaces. 

 The sodium and potassium concentrations (15.8 mg/L and 498 mg/L, respectively) were an order of 

magnitude lower than the concentration estimated by the Aspen model (342 mg/L and 5,678 mg/L, 

respectively). The lower concentrations reduce concern of cation toxicity in the anaerobic reactor. 

Table 2 1. Characterization Data and Design Basis 

Parameter 

CBOD 

Units 

mg/L 

TestAmerica 

38,300 

Brown and Design Basis 

33,000 

Comments 

Adjusted for increased TSS removal 

Caldwell 

-

Soluble CBOD mg/L 32,600 - 32,600 

Total COD mg/L 117,000 124,900 87,400 Adjusted for increased TSS removal 

Soluble COD mg/L 116,000 84,600 84,600 

TOC mg/L 32,800 - 32,800 

TIC mg/L 732 - 732 

Total Solids mg/L 70,800 88,583 68,433 Adjusted for increased TSS removal 

TVS mg/L 71,300 76,750 58,460 

TestAmerica value not possible. 

Adjusted BC value for increased TSS 

removal 

TSS mg/L 14,500 21,650 1,500 Based on guidance from NREL 

VSS mg/L 12,800 19,650 1,360 Adjusted for increased TSS removal 

TDS mg/L 51,900 66,933 66,933 Used higher value 

TDFS mg/L - 9,833 9,833 

Ammonia-N mg/L 1,060 - 1,060 

Nitrate-N mg/L 12 - 12 

TKN mg/L 4,950 - 1,200 

Assumes a large fraction of the nonammonia nitrogen is particulate 

organic nitrogen and is thus 

removed via centrifugation 

Total P mg/L 805 - 805 Assumed equal to Ortho-P 

Ortho-P mg/L 805 - 805 

Acidity mg/L 44 - 44 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 2 

Table 2 1. Characterization Data and Design Basis 

Parameter 

Hydroxide Alkalinity 

Units 

mg/L as CaCO3 

TestAmerica 

ND 

Brown and Design Basis 

0 

Comments Caldwell 

-

Total Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 - 2,750 2,750 

Hardness mg/L as CaCO3 36 - 36 

Sulfate mg/L 5,600 4,400 4,400 Corroborated by NREL 

Sulfide mg/L ND - -

Sulfide, Dissolved mg/L 36.6 - 36.6 

Silica (SiO2) mg/L 1,580 - 1,580 

Aluminum mg/L ND - ND 

Barium mg/L 0.0147 - 0.0147 

Cadmium mg/L ND - 0.0005 

Calcium mg/L 6.79 - 6.79 

Chromium mg/L 0.177 - 0.177 

Copper mg/L ND - 0.005 

Iron mg/L 0.814 - 0.814 

Lead mg/L ND - 0.0025 

Magnesium mg/L 4.63 - 4.63 

Manganese mg/L 0.0957 - 0.0957 

Potassium mg/L 498 - 498 

Chloride mg/L - - 2,473 Calculated from TDFS 

Sodium mg/L 15.8 - 15.8 

Strontium mg/L 0.0863 - 0.0863 

Non-detect values (ND) are listed as 50% of the reporting limit in the design basis. 

Additional parameters used in the basis of design but not captured in the analytical results are provided 

in Table 2-2. 

Table 2 2. Additional Design Basis Parameters 

Parameter Units Value Reference 

Flow MGD 2.15 Estimated from Aspen modeling by NREL 

pH s.u. 5.2 BC laboratory analysis 

Temperature °C 50 Estimated from Aspen modeling by NREL 

2-3 

 

 

 

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Section 3 

Process Design 

3.1 Introduction 

The basis of design provided in Table 2-1 was used to develop the process design. Certain aspects of the 

characterization data drive the process design. As mentioned in Section 2.1, this wastewater contains 

high COD, sulfate, and potentially silica. Special attention has been paid to these parameters. 

3.2 Process Description 

In general, proposed treatment process consists of anaerobic treatment and biogas collection followed 

by aerobic treatment, and finally salt removal via reverse osmosis. A number of additional processes 

have been included in this treatment concept in order to increase flexibility, reduce risk of inhibition or 

upset, and reduce the final waste product. The major process components are summarized in Table 3-1. 

A block flow diagram showing the treatment process is provided in Appendix B. 

Table 3 1. Major Process Components 

Process Component Purpose 

Anaerobic Treatment Organic load reduction 

Biogas generation 

Activated Sludge System Organic load reduction 

Ammonia-nitrogen removal 

Membrane Filtration 

Total suspended solids removal 

Colloidal organic material removal 

Protection of reverse osmosis system 

Reverse Osmosis Removal of dissolved inorganic salts 

Evaporation Volume reduction of reverse osmosis reject flow 

Reduction of crystallizer size 

Crystallization Volume reduction of evaporator discharge 

Allow for zero liquid discharge 

Centrifugation Biological sludge dewatering 

Certain biomass burners are capable of accommodating brine waste. If this capability is in place, then a 

crystallizer would not be required in the process. If the biomass burner is not capable of accommodating 

brine, a crystallizer would be installed to further reduce the volume of the reject brine and produce a 

solid waste discharge instead of a liquid stream. The crystallizer effluent can be combined with the 

dewatered sludge and sent to the biomass burner (i.e. discharged as ash) or sent to a landfill. 

The dewatering process used in the process will be centrifugation. In general, centrifugation provides 

higher solids capture and a drier biomass cake compared to other dewatering systems thus reducing the 

size of the biomass burner system. It also provides a margin of safety against changes in sludge quality 

which would typically have an impact on dewatering processes relying upon filtration (e.g. belt filter 

press). 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

As discussed in Section 2-1, the silica concentrations in the sample characterized were at levels that 

could be a concern for the reverse osmosis process. However, it is anticipated that a large fraction of the 

silica is associated with particulate corn stover material and would be removed by upstream 

centrifugation. Soluble silica removal has not been included as a part of this process design. 

3.3 Process Design 

The design criteria and assumptions for each main treatment process are discussed below. The major 

equipment detailed below is summarized in the equipment list provided in Appendix C. 

3.3.1 Anaerobic Process 

The original characterization data were submitted to two anaerobic wastewater treatment system 

manufacturers, ADI and Biothane (Veolia) in order to evaluate the treatability of this wastewater through 

their systems. ADI is a supplier of low rate anaerobic systems while Biothane provides both high-rate and 

low rate systems. BC is familiar with these providers and requested them to submit a treatment 

evaluation and cost estimate because of their proven qualifications. 

Due to the expected TSS concentration of 1,500 mg/L as well as the high COD concentration, a low rate 

anaerobic treatment system was recommended. According to ADI, high organic loading (at the 

concentrations associated with this wastewater) inhibits the growth of granular sludge which is required 

for high rate systems. The vendors performed anaerobic modeling in order to provide estimates on COD 

removal as well as total gas generation, percent methane, and H2S generation from their systems and 

expected effluent ammonia. 

The two vendors recommended the following treatment: 

3.3.1.1 ADI 

ADI wishes to keep the type, number and size of their proposed system confidential. Table 3-2 presents 

the estimated effluent COD, BOD, and TSS from the ADI System. 

Table 3 2. ADI System Estimated Effluent Concentrations 

Parameter Units Value 

COD mg/L <18,750 

CBOD mg/L <3,800 

TSS mg/L <2,200 

Estimated Methane % 65 

3.3.1.2 Biothane 

Biothane recommended a 4 MG equalization tank followed by 40 MG total of anaerobic digesters with 

solids separation through membranes. The bioreactors proposed are mixed tanks that keep the biomass 

in suspension. Solids separation is provided by cross flow membranes mounted on a skid separate from 

the anaerobic reactors. The biomass is recycled back into the digester. Sludge is periodically wasted 

from the reactors at an estimated production rate of 200,000 lbs/day at 20 percent solids 

(120 yd3/day). Biogas blowers continuously pull a negative pressure from the surface via a pressure loop 

on the biogas system. Table 3-3 presents the estimated effluent COD, BOD, and TSS from the Biothane 

reactor. 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

Table 3 3. Biothane Estimated Effluent Concentrations 

Parameter Units Value 

COD mg/L <2,500 

TSS mg/L 1,000 (from filtrate only) 

Estimated Methane % 55 

Due to the additional cost for the membrane technology proposed by Biothane compared to the ADI 

System and the fact that the effluent will be treated through an aerobic process after anaerobic 

treatment, the ADI System was the recommended anaerobic treatment option. 

3.3.2 Biogas Reuse 

Approximately 17 million cubic feet per day of biogas will be produced by the anaerobic treatment 

system. The average methane content will be 65 percent. This results in a gross fuel potential of 

approximately 9.5 billion BTUs per day or an equivalent power usage of 2.8 million KWh per day. The 

biogas will be conveyed via blowers/compressors through a suction-side sediment and moisture trap, 

which consists of a baffle that produces a pressure drop allowing water to condense out of the gas 

phase as well as drop any particulates from the gas stream. On the discharge side of the 

blowers/compressors, gas cooling equipment such as heat exchangers (cooling fans), refrigerated 

dryers, and/or automatic moisture drip traps may be required before the biogas can be used. 

The preferred use of the biogas is in facility boilers or biomass burner due to the large power generating 

potential. However, economic factors may drive the sale of the gas to other customers via a pipeline. In 

all cases, an emergency flare is required in the event the gas production exceeds the demand from both 

the facility boilers and outside customers. 

Due to the estimated H2S concentration of approximately 2.5 percent, excess sulfur emissions would 

occur if the biogas were burned, and additional treatment is required prior to use. Potential H2S removal 

systems are listed below: 

 Sulfur control at the biogas boiler/biomass burner (limestone, dolomite, etc.) 

 Iron sponge gas filter 

 Scrubbing and biological oxidation
 

Two combinations of these treatment control options are described in the following sections.
 

3.3.2.1 Sulfur Removal Option 1: Biogas Boiler/Biomass Burner 

In this option, the biogas boiler or biomass burner will be equipped with a sulfur control option that can 

accommodate H2S concentration of approximately 2.5 percent. The biogas will be conveyed directly from 

the blowers/compressors to the boiler. The boiler is equipped with a sulfur control mechanism which 

brings the biogas into contact with a sulfur absorbing substance, usually limestone or dolomite. The 

sorbent captures the sulfur in the H2S-laden biogas, reducing the emission SOx concentration. 

A secondary sulfur control mechanism is required in the event that biogas production exceeds the boiler 

demand and must be burned at the flare (such as boiler maintenance shutdowns), or if the biogas is 

sold to outside customers. An iron sponge is proposed for these conditions. An iron sponge consists of a 

compartment filled with ferric oxide shavings on a wood chip carrier. The biogas flows down through the 

compartment and the H2S reacts with the ferric oxide to form ferric sulfide and water. Some units also 

contain automatic oxygen regeneration equipment that consists of a small air stream added to the 

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory	 Section 3 

system to react with the ferric sulfide to re-create ferric oxide and elemental sulfur. The iron sponge must 

be replaced when the bed is exhausted or when it becomes plugged with sulfur. Spray wash nozzles are 

required to keep the iron sponge hydrated. 

Iron sponges are typically used in applications where the H2S concentration in the biogas is lower than 

2.5 percent. Therefore, the iron sponge will tend to foul more quickly than normal, causing higher 

operating costs. This sulfur removal option is not recommend if any of the following conditions are 

present: 

 The biogas boilers are not equipped with a sulfur control option. 

 The biogas boilers will be regularly out of service for more than just routine maintenance. 

 Biogas production is consistently in excess of biogas boiler demand, requiring biogas to be burned at 

the flare. 

 The primary user of biogas is not the boilers, rather outside customers. 

If any of the above conditions are present, then sulfur removal option 2 is recommended. 

3.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal Option 2: Scrubbing and Biological Oxidation 

In this option, the biogas will be treated with the same system regardless of its end use at the boilers, 

the flare, or outside customers. The scrubber and biological oxidizer will be installed downstream of the 

sediment and moisture trap on the suction side of the blowers/compressors. This treatment system, 

which goes by the trade name THIOPAQ®, consists of a caustic scrubber and a bioreactor. In a caustic 

scrubber, gas enters the bottom of a chamber and is sprayed with a weak alkaline solution (usually 

caustic). The caustic solution contacts the H2S and CO2 in the biogas and reacts to form sodium bisulfide 

(NaHS) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The scrubbed gas travels upwards through the chamber and 

exits at the top. Caustic scrubbers are commonly used in the desulfurization of gas streams, but gas 

flows and sulfur concentrations of this magnitude typically require such large quantities of caustic 

chemicals that the treatment process is cost prohibitive. If scrubbing is combined with biological 

oxidation, the chemical costs can be greatly diminished. In the biological oxidation step, the spent 

caustic solution, which also contains sodium bisulfide and sodium carbonate, is pumped to an aerobic 

reactor. The biomass in this reactor converts the dissolved sulfide into elemental sulfur and regenerates 

caustic for reuse at the scrubber. 

3.3.3 Aerobic Process 

The wastewater generated from the anaerobic process will be treated to target effluent concentrations 

through an aerobic activated sludge process. Eckenfelder modeling by BC was used to evaluate required 

tank sizes as well as oxygen and energy demands. Nitrification was required due to the high effluent 

ammonia concentrations and governed the mean cell residence time (MCRT) required for treatment. In 

order to determine the summer and winter MCRT required, a sludge age was estimated and the kinetic 

model was performed. The MCRT was then allowed to change until the active nitrifier population 

required for complete nitrification was established. The model was then performed at this MCRT in order 

to determine the heterotrophic population. 

The following Eckenfelder activated sludge kinetic coefficients were used to calculate aerobic treatment 

based on experience for similar types of wastewaters: 

aH = sludge yield from cell synthesis (mg VSSHeterotrophs/mg CODRemoved) = 0.40 

a’H = oxygen required for heterotrophic cell synthesis (mg O2/mg CODRemoved) = 0.44 

aN = sludge yield from nitrification (mg VSSNitrifiers/mg NH3-NRemoved) = 0.125 

a’N = oxygen required for autotrophic cell synthesis (mg O2/mg NH3-NRemoved) = 4.25 

3-4 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

qN = nitrification removal rate (mg NH3-N/mg VSSNitrifiers ∙ day) = 0.8 

T = Summer and winter temperatures (°C) = 30 and 15 

3.3.3.1 Aerobic Influent Flow 

The influent flow used for the organic loading on the aerobic design was the anaerobic effluent flow after 

waste anaerobic sludge removal or 1.86 MGD plus the fraction of filtrate from solids dewatering that was 

anaerobic solids. The anaerobic fraction of the 0.62 MDG centrate volume is 29 percent or 0.184 MGD. 

The total organic loading to the aerobic system is represented by an influent flow of 2.044 MGD. 

3.3.3.2 Influent Solids (TSSI) 

The anaerobic vendor estimated an anaerobic effluent TSS concentration of 2,000 mg/L which was 

used for the conceptual design. The majority of these solids were assumed to remain in the system as 

inert solids, with 30 percent of these solids being degraded. The accumulated concentration in the 

aerobic system was calculated by multiplying influent concentration by the MCRT and dividing by the 

hydraulic retention time (HRT). 

3.3.3.3 Aerobic COD Removed 

The anaerobic vendors estimated an effluent TCOD concentration of 18,750 and 2,500 mg/L, 

respectively. The TCOD concentration used for the aerobic design was 10,000 mg/L. Research 

presented by Eckenfelder, Davis, and Ford, presents a non-degradable COD value contributed by soluble 

microbial products (SMPs) to be 2 to 10 percent of the degraded COD concentrations when the 

wastewater is aerobically degraded2. Simpler wastewaters treated at a lower MCRT will have a lower 

percentage of non-degradable COD value associated with SMP while harder to degrade wastewater at 

higher sludge ages will have a higher percentage of effluent COD associated with SMP. The 

non-degradable COD concentration was estimated to be 2,000 mg/L or 2.3 percent of the aerobic 

influent COD concentration for this wastewater. The COD removed (SR) was calculated to be 8,000 mg/L 

(136,400 lbs/day). 

3.3.3.4 Aerobic Influent Ammonia Nitrogen Oxidized (NR) 

The wastewater contained 1,200 mg/L TKN. The TKN was assumed to be converted to ammonia 

nitrogen. The amount of ammonia-nitrogen oxidized during the study period was determined by the 

following equation. 

NR = (NH 3 − NInfluent )− (NH 3 − NEffluent ) ( − NH 3 − NCellsynthesis )

where: 

NH3-NInfluent = influent ammonia-nitrogen = 1,200 mg/day 

NH3-NEffluent = effluent ammonia-nitrogen = 0 mg/day 

NH3-NCell Synthesis = Ammonia nitrogen used for cell synthesis (anaerobic and aerobic) = 663 mg/L 

NR = 537 mg/L (9,154 lbs/day) 

3.3.3.5 Endogenous Decay Coefficient (bH and bN) 

The endogenous heterotrophic decay coefficient “bH” was assumed equal to 0.10 day-1 at 20°C. The 

decay coefficient was increased or decreased for summer and winter temperatures using the following 

equation: 

bT = b ∙ 1.04(Temperature – 20) 

where: 

2 Eckenfelder, W.W., Ford D.L., and Englande, A.J. Industrial Water Quality Fourth Edition. 2009. McGraw Hill. New York 

3-5 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

bT = b at operating temperature 

The “bT” value at summer and winter temperatures was calculated to be 0.148 and 0.082 day-1, 

respectively. The endogenous autotrophic decay coefficient “bN” was assumed equal to 0.05 day-1 at 

20°C. The decay coefficient was corrected for summer and winter temperatures using the same 

equation for the heterotrophic b resulting in a temperature corrected bN to 0.074 and 0.041 day-1. 

3.3.3.6 Biodegradable Fraction (XdH and XdN) 

The biodegradable fraction of biomass Xd was calculated using the following equation. 

0.8 X d = (1+ 0.2 ⋅b ⋅ MCRT )

where: 

MCRT = mean cell residence time (or SRT) 

b = bH for XdH calculation and bN for XdN calculation 

The required sludge age for complete nitrification was determined to be 3 days for the summer and 

36 days for the winter, however the sludge age was not allowed to decrease below the hydraulic 

retention time of 9.5 days. These sludge ages produced the following Xd values: 

The XdH value for summer and winter was calculated to be 0.62 and 0.50. 

The XdN value for summer and winter was determined to be 0.70 and 0.62. 

3.3.3.7 Required Nitrifier Population (XVN) 

The nitrification removal rate (qN) was assumed to be 0.8 day-1 at 20°C and adjusted for temperature 

using the following equation: 

qNT = qN ∙ 1.085(Temperature – 20) 

where: 

qNT = qN at operating temperature 

The “qNT” value at summer and winter temperatures was calculated to be 1.81 and 0.53 day-1. 

The required active nitrifier population was determined by dividing the ammonia nitrogen nitrified (NR) by 

the removal rate qNT. The required pounds of active nitrifiers were determined to be 6,400 lbs and 

16,600 lbs for summer and winter temperatures. The total nitrifier population was determined by 

dividing the active nitrifiers required by the active fraction of nitrifiers at the determined sludge age. The 

active fraction of nitrifiers (fa) was determined by the following equation: 

fa = XdN/0.8 = 0.88 and 0.77 for summer and winter temperatures 

The total nitrifier population was calculated to be 7,300 lbs and 21,500 lbs for summer and winter 

temperatures. 

3.3.3.8 Chemical Requirements 

Do to the high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in the influent, these 

macronutrients will not have to be added. For nitrification to occur, an alkalinity concentration of at least 

75 mg/L as CaCO3 plus 7.15 mg additional alkalinity per mg ammonia nitrogen to be nitrified is required. 

The influent alkalinity was 2,750 mg/L (46,880 lbs/day). The required alkalinity is 65,500 lbs/day 

indicating an additional 18,620 lbs/day of alkalinity is required. This can be supplied by 2,340 gallons 

per day of 50 percent sodium hydroxide. 

3-6 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

3.3.3.9 Sludge Production 

The daily sludge generation “ΔXV” in the equation below was calculated according to the following 

relationship: 

∆X = a ⋅ S − b ⋅ X ⋅ X + a ⋅ N − b ⋅ X ⋅ X +VSS V H R H d H V H N R N d N V N I 

where: 

∆XV = total change in MLVSS per day, lbs/day 

aH = heterotrophic sludge yield from synthesis, mg VSS/mg CODRemoved∙ day 

SR = COD removed, lbs/day 

bH = heterotrophic endogenous decay coefficient, 1/day 

XdH = biodegradable fraction of heterotrophic biomass 

XVH = total heterotrophic biomass in system, lbs 

aN = autotrophic sludge yield from synthesis, 1/day 

NR = ammonia-nitrogen oxidized, lbs/day 

bN = autotrophic endogenous decay coefficient, 1/day 

XdN = biodegradable fraction of autotrophic biomass 

XVN = total autotrophic biomass in system, lbs 

VSSI = volatile suspended solids from influent that is not biomass and is not degradable, lbs/day 

The actual biomass in the system and sludge wastage was calculated using the above equation and the 

required sludge ages. The results are presented in Table 3-4. 

3-7 
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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

Table 3 4. System VSS 

Parameter Units Summer Winter 

Required Sludge Age days 9.5 36 

Heterotrophs lbs 280,000 800,000 

Nitrifiers lbs 7,300 21,500 

Total Solids lbs 287,300 821,500 

VSS Sludge Wastage lbs/day 30,340 22,860 

The TSS concentration was estimated from the VSS concentration and the sludge age. The VSS/TSS 

ratio with respect to sludge age (MCRT) was estimated to be 87 and 57 percent for summer and winter 

sludge age respectively which includes the influent particulate TSS. The final TSS concentrations are 

presented in Table 3-5. 

Table 3 5. Aerobic System TSS 

Parameter Units Summer Winter 

Total TSS Inventory lbs 334,100 1,550,000 

TSS Wastage Rate lbs/day 34,900 40,300 

3.3.3.10 Basin Volume 

The sizing of the aerobic system was determined by solids under aeration at a 36-day MCRT (winter 

concentration) and maintaining a TSS concentration of less than 10,000 mg/L. The target operating 

mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of the membrane reactor was kept to 10,000 mg/L in order to 

provide additional protection to the membrane. The resulting volume requirement was 19.5 MG. Table 3­

6 presents the dimensions that were determined to be required for three aeration tanks operating in 

parallel. 

Table 3 6. Aeration Basin Sizing 

Parameter Units Value 

Number of Basins -­ 3 

Liquid Volume (per basin) MG 6.5 

Liquid Depth ft 22 

Tank Depth ft 25 

Tank Width ft 115 

Tank Length ft 344 

3.3.3.11 Oxygen Requirements (rr) 

The oxygen requirements “rr’” for the heterotrophic and autotrophic (nitrifying) bacteria was calculated 

using the following equation. 

3-8 
 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

3.3.3.12 Endogenous Oxygen Demand (b’) 

The heterotrophic an autotrophic endogenous oxygen demand b’ value was calculated using the 

following equation. 

b’ = 1.4∙ b 

Expected oxygen demand after COD correction, required blower horsepower for aeration, and required 

blower horsepower for mixing are presented in Table 3-7. 

Table 3 7. Aeration Requirements for Oxygen Demand 

Parameter Value 

Total Oxygen Demand Summer, lbs O2/day 136,440 

Total Oxygen Demand Winter, lbs O2/day 147,000 

Air Flow Summer, SCFM/1,000 ft3 22 

Air Flow Winter, SCFM/1,000 ft3 27 

Coarse bubble aeration was selected because it is not prone to fouling like fine bubble aeration. 

Table 3-8 presents the calculated blower horsepower required in order to generate the required oxygen 

demand. 

Table 3 8. Blower Requirements to Provide Required Oxygen Transfer 

Parameter Value 

Required Blower Power Summer, HP 3,650 

Required Blower Power Winter, HP 4,450 

Five, 1,000 HP blowers will be required to provide the required oxygen transfer. A sixth installed spare 

blower will be provided. 

3.3.4 Secondary Clarification 

Secondary clarification will be provided by an ultra-filtration membrane as an integral part of the 

membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. Utilizing a membrane solid-liquid separation process as opposed 

to conventional gravity settling provides the following benefits: 

 Approximately no TSS in the effluent 

 Removal of colloidal particles 

 Protection of the downstream membrane systems (i.e. reverse osmosis) 

 Ability to operate MLSS at a higher concentration 

 Higher COD removal per unit area of footprint required 

A MBR membrane is sized based on hydraulic flux which is typically in the range of 16 to 18 gallons per 

square foot per day (gfd). The units used in both treatment options were hollow fiber and were sized 

based on design criteria from projects with similar wastewater and design basis. 

In order to protect the membrane system, an influent screen is typically employed. The screen opening 

size ranges from 2 to 3 mm. 

3.3.5 Sludge Handling 

Sludge storage will be provided in order to hold waste activated sludge for approximately 12 hours. This 

will allow for dewatering during two of the three shifts. The total sludge wastage rate of 475 gpm and 

includes the following: 

3-9 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 3 

 Anaerobic Wastage = 140 gpm 

 Aerobic Wastage = 335 gpm
 

The sludge holding tank size is estimated to be 375,000 gallons.
 

3.3.6 Sludge Dewatering 

All waste sludge is pumped from the sludge holding tank to a dewatering device in order to reduce the 

volume and water content of the sludge. A centrifuge was evaluated due to its relatively high water 

recovery. A belt filter press system could also be used; however, the final sludge cake would have a 

higher moisture content. 

Three 275 gpm centrifuge units, operated in parallel will be used. Three Ashbrook Simon-Hartley 

CQ7000 units were assumed. The centrifuge units will provide a solids capture rate of up to 95 percent 

and a cake concentration of approximately 20 percent. A cake discharge rate of approximately 8,700 

ft3/day will travel via conveyor to either a biomass burner or offloaded to a truck for transport to a 

landfill. The centrate flow of approximately 620,000 gpd will be pumped back to the activated sludge 

system. 

3.3.7 Salt Removal 

In order for the wastewater to be recycled in the production process, the dissolved inorganic salts must 

be removed. Reverse Osmosis was evaluated for salt removal. Approximately 2 MGD of treated 

wastewater is pumped to the reverse osmosis system. A high pressure is applied to the upstream side of 

the membrane, forcing the clean water through while maintaining the dissolved salts. The flow recovery 

is expected to be approximately 80 percent with a salt capture of approximately 95 percent. An effluent 

of 1.6 MGD will be recycled back to the production process. The concentrate or reject stream will have 

an approximate flow rate of 0.4 MGD and an approximate TDS concentration of 49,000 mg/L. Both 

options will require 200,000 ft2 of membrane area based on typical flux rates of 10 gfd for RO systems. 

In most systems up to 1.5 times the required membrane area is installed in order to allow for cleaning 

cycles and out of service time. 

The reject flow will be pumped to an evaporator in order to reduce the volume of the reject brine by an 

additional 90 percent. The effluent from the evaporator will be a concentrated brine flow of 40,000 gpd 

at an approximate TDS concentration of 490,000 mg/L. This concentrated brine could be combined with 

the dewatered sludge and sent to the biomass burner if the burner is a fluidized bed type unit that could 

accommodate the brine flow. If the biomass burner cannot accommodate the evaporator brine, then this 

flow would be sent to a crystallizer unit in order to further reduce the volume to about 4,000 gpd as 

semi-solid slurry. The crystallization process would allow for zero-liquid discharge. The final slurry could 

be sent to a secondary user or disposed in a landfill. If the concentrated brine final product were to be 

sent to the biomass burner, it would be a means of disposing the salt with the resulting ash but would 

not provide a fuel benefit. For the purposes of this evaluation, it is assumed that the biomass burner can 

accommodate the concentrated brine from the evaporator. 

3-10 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 4 

Cost Estimate 

4.1 Introduction 

Capital and operational conceptual level cost estimates were developed for the treatment process. The 

capital cost estimate was an Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International (AACE) 

Class 4 estimate. A Class 4 estimate is performed when 1 to 15 percent of the engineering is complete 

and is used at the planning level. The expected accuracy for a Class 4 estimate typically ranges from 

-30 percent to +50 percent. The major assumptions made for the development of the cost estimates are 

listed below: 

 The site is a new site located in the northern Midwest 

 The site will not need to be cleared and no significant site preparation is required (e.g. blasting) 

 Power cost is $0.12 per KWh 

 Non-unionized labor 

 Concentrated brine from the evaporator can be handled by the biomass burner 

 Cost estimates do not include the biogas conditioning, storage, or transfer 

 Cost estimates do not include biomass burner 

 Cost estimates do not include transfer of final waste material to landfill 

A detailed breakdown of the Class 4 cost estimate and additional information related to the assumptions 

can be found in Appendix D. 

4.2 Cost Estimates 

The capital cost estimate treatment concept described above is $98 million. Therefore the range 

associated with this level of cost estimate is $67 million to $147 million. The major process 

components and their associated base costs are provided in Table 4-1. This table acted as the basis for 

the detailed cost estimate. The estimated annual operations and maintenance cost is $12.6 million. A 

breakdown of this annual cost is provided in Table 4-2. 

4-1 
   

  ­          

   

   

   

  ­            

   

  

   

   

       

       

   

         

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Section 4

Table 4 1. Major Capital Cost Components

Item Cost Information

Anaerobic Treatment Basins $25,000,000 to

$30,000,000 ADI System confidential per vendor request

Iron Sponge $275,000 Equipment only

Aeration Basins $15,100,000 Includes basin materials, installation, and coarse bubble aeration grid

Membrane Bioreactor $4,750,000

Includes approximately 140,000 ft2 of membrane, associated hardware,

permeate and backwash pumping systems, membrane scour and

cleaning systems,  and RAS pumps

Sludge Holding Tank $475,000 Bolted steel tank of approximately 535,000 gallons

Equipment only

Centrifuge $1,950,000

Three 275 gpm model Ashbrook CQ7000 units

Equipment only

Reverse Osmosis $1,667,500 Equipment only

Evaporator $3,440,000 Evaporator with capacity of approximately 411,000 GPD

Equipment only

Pumps $540,600 Equipment Only

Blowers $1,150,000

Six 1000 HP blowers

Equipment only

Table 4 2. Operations and Maintenance Cost Estimate

Item Quantity Units Unit Cost Annual Cost Notes

Anaerobic Treatment

Operations ­ ­ ­ $3,682,000 Estimated

Power Requirements 49,417 MWH $120 $5,930,000 Assumes $0.12/kWh and 350 operating

days/year

Iron Sponge Replacement ­ ­ ­ $100,000 Assumes 1 week of use per year (biomass boiler

maintenance, emergency flares, etc.)

Polymer Addition 185,355 LB $2.25 $417,000 For use in sludge dewatering

Alkalinity Addition 5,120 TON $150 $782,000 Assumes 50% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as

alkalinity source

Operators 5 FTE $50,000 $250,000 Assumes cost per FTE is fully burdened

Maintenance ­ ­ ­ $1,410,000

Assumes 10% of all equipment with moving parts

except the anaerobic system which isincluded

separately above

Total O&M Costs $12,571,000

4­2
REF-1

References

Eckenfelder, W.W., Ford D.L., and Englande, A.J. Industrial Water Quality Fourth Edition. 2009. McGraw Hill. New York

Speece, R.E., Anaerobic Biotechnology and Odor/Corrosion Control. 2008. Archae Press, Nashville, TN.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

A

Appendix A: Analytical Data
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October 18, 2010

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Project Nbr: 

Date Received: 

Harris NREL Eval

139646

NTI2395

09/23/10

Nashville, TN 37228

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Thomas R Steinwinder P/O Nbr: 

 1:00:45PM

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION LAB NUMBER COLLECTION DATE AND TIME

NREL NTI2395-01 09/23/10 08:00

An executed copy of the chain of custody, the project quality control data, and the sample receipt form are also included as an 

addendum to this report. If you have any questions relating to this analytical report, please contact your Laboratory Project Manager 

at 1-800-765-0980. Any opinions, if expressed, are outside the scope of the Laboratory's accreditation.

This material is intended only for the use of the individual(s) or entity to whom it is addressed, and may contain information that is 

privileged and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering this material to 

the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this material is strictly prohibited. If 

you have received this material in error, please notify us immediately at 615-726-0177. 

Tennessee Certification Number: 02008

These results relate only to the items tested. This report shall not be reproduced except in full and with permission of the laboratory.

Report Approved By: 

Jennifer Gambill

Project Manager

The Chain(s) of Custody, 3 pages, are included and are an integral part of this report. 

Estimated uncertainty is available upon request.

This report has been electronically signed.

All solids results are reported in wet weight unless specifically stated.

Page 1 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

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501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

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Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Analyte Result Flag Units

Dilution 

MRL Factor Method Batch

Analysis 

Date/Time

Sample ID: NTI2395-01 (NREL - Waste Water) Sampled: 09/23/10 08:00

General Chemistry Parameters

Acidity 44.0 mg/L 10.0 1 10/07/10 10:38 SM2310 B 10J1234

Ammonia as N 1060 mg/L 10.0 100 10/07/10 16:46 EPA 350.1M 10J1126

Carbonaceous BOD 38300 H, L2 mg/L 20000 10000 10/05/10 16:46 SM 5210B 10I5405

Carbonaceous BOD 32600 A-01, H, L2 mg/L 20000 10000 10/05/10 16:46 SM 5210B 10I5405

Chemical Oxygen Demand 117000 mg/L 2000 200 10/06/10 09:09 EPA 410.4 10J0269

COD, Soluble 116000 mg/L 2000 200 10/04/10 08:10 EPA 410.4 10J0268

Fluoride ND RL1 mg/L 1000 10000 09/28/10 19:35 SW846 9056 10I4270

Phosphorus 80.0 mg/L 4.00 40 10/06/10 16:32 EPA 365.4 10J0620

Sulfate ND mg/L 1.00 1 09/27/10 18:10 SW846 9038 10I4677

Sulfide ND mg/L 1.00 1 09/28/10 15:30 SM4500-S2 F 10I4412

Total Dissolved Solids 51900 mg/L 10.0 1 09/30/10 10:40 SM2540 C 10I5337

Total Inorganic Carbon 732 mg/L 100 100 10/11/10 12:44 SW846 9060 10J1184

Total Organic Carbon 32800 mg/L 1000 1000 10/06/10 01:02 SW846 9060A 10J0551

Total Solids 70800 mg/L 20.0 1 09/30/10 22:43 SM2540 B 10I5334

Total Suspended Solids 14500 H mg/L 1.00 1 10/01/10 03:00 SM2540 D 10I5336

Total Volatile Solids 71300 mg/L NA 1 09/30/10 11:31 EPA 160.4 10I5343

Volatile Suspended Solids 12800 H mg/L 10.0 1 10/01/10 03:00 SM2540 E 10I5340

Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 ND mg/L 10.0 1 09/30/10 22:37 SM2320 B 10I5445

Nitrate as N 12.0 mg/L 5.00 50 09/24/10 21:06 EPA 353.2 10I4188

Orthophosphate as P 805 H mg/L 100 1000 10/05/10 15:29 SM4500-P E 10I4274

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 4950 mg/L 200 200 10/07/10 08:47 EPA 351.2 10J0630

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

Silica (SiO2) 1580 mg/L 1000 1000 09/28/10 10:47 SM4500-SiO2 C 10I4704

Sulfide 36.6 H, M8 mg/L 1.00 1 10/01/10 14:20 SM 4500-S2 F 10J0020

Metals

Hardness, CaCO3 36.0 mg/L 6.62 1 09/28/10 22:05 SM 2340B [CALC]

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

Aluminum ND mg/L 0.100 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Barium 0.0147 mg/L 0.0100 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Cadmium ND mg/L 0.00100 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Calcium 6.79 mg/L 1.00 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Chromium 0.177 mg/L 0.00500 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Copper ND mg/L 0.0100 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Iron 0.814 mg/L 0.0500 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Lead ND mg/L 0.00500 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Magnesium 4.63 mg/L 1.00 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Manganese 0.0957 mg/L 0.0150 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Potassium 498 mg/L 10.0 10 09/29/10 13:00 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Sodium 15.8 mg/L 1.00 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Strontium 0.0863 mg/L 0.0500 1 09/28/10 22:05 SW846 6010B 10I4625

Page 2 of 17
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Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

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Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

SAMPLE EXTRACTION DATA

Parameter

Wt/Vol

Extracted Extracted Vol Date Analyst

Extraction

Batch Lab Number Method

General Chemistry Parameters

SM 5210B 10I5405 NTI2395-01 300.00 300.00 09/30/10 15:11 JAG2 BOD/CBOD

SM 5210B 10I5405 NTI2395-01 300.00 300.00 09/30/10 15:11 JAG2 BOD/CBOD

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

SW846 6010B 10I4625 NTI2395-01 50.00 50.00 09/28/10 09:25 DEB EPA 3010A / 6010

Page 3 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Blank

Analyte Blank Value Q Units Q.C. Batch Lab Number Analyzed Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-BLK1

Nitrate as N <0.0140 mg/L 10I4188 10I4188-BLK1 09/24/10 20:51

10I4270-BLK1

Fluoride <0.0300 mg/L 10I4270 10I4270-BLK1 09/28/10 18:41

10I4270-BLK2

Fluoride <0.0300 mg/L 10I4270 10I4270-BLK2 09/30/10 04:57

10I4274-BLK1

Orthophosphate as P <0.0100 mg/L 10I4274 10I4274-BLK1 10/05/10 15:29

10I4412-BLK1

Sulfide <0.170 mg/L 10I4412 10I4412-BLK1 09/28/10 15:30

10I4677-BLK1

Sulfate <0.600 mg/L 10I4677 10I4677-BLK1 09/27/10 18:10

10I5334-BLK1

Total Solids <6.00 mg/L 10I5334 10I5334-BLK1 09/30/10 22:43

10I5336-BLK1

Total Suspended Solids <0.500 mg/L 10I5336 10I5336-BLK1 10/01/10 03:00

10I5337-BLK1

Total Dissolved Solids <3.00 mg/L 10I5337 10I5337-BLK1 09/30/10 10:40

10I5340-BLK1

Volatile Suspended Solids <10.0 mg/L 10I5340 10I5340-BLK1 10/01/10 03:00

10I5343-BLK1

Total Volatile Solids 0.00 mg/L 10I5343 10I5343-BLK1 09/30/10 11:31

10I5405-BLK1

Carbonaceous BOD <1.10 mg/L 10I5405 10I5405-BLK1 10/05/10 16:46

Carbonaceous BOD <1.10 mg/L 10I5405 10I5405-BLK1 10/05/10 16:46

10I5445-BLK1

Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 <1.40 mg/L 10I5445 10I5445-BLK1 09/30/10 22:37

10J0268-BLK1

COD, Soluble 4.40 mg/L 10J0268 10J0268-BLK1 10/04/10 08:10

10J0269-BLK1

Page 4 of 17
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Client

Attn

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501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Blank - Cont.

Analyte Blank Value Q Units Q.C. Batch Lab Number Analyzed Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10J0269-BLK1

Chemical Oxygen Demand <2.00 mg/L 10J0269 10J0269-BLK1 10/04/10 08:10

10J0551-BLK1

Total Organic Carbon <0.500 mg/L 10J0551 10J0551-BLK1 10/06/10 01:02

10J0620-BLK1

Phosphorus 0.0634 mg/L 10J0620 10J0620-BLK1 10/06/10 14:30

10J0630-BLK1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen <0.0240 mg/L 10J0630 10J0630-BLK1 10/06/10 16:14

10J1126-BLK1

Ammonia as N <0.0640 mg/L 10J1126 10J1126-BLK1 10/07/10 16:24

10J1184-BLK1

Total Inorganic Carbon <0.500 mg/L 10J1184 10J1184-BLK1 10/11/10 12:44

10J1234-BLK1

Acidity <2.40 mg/L 10J1234 10J1234-BLK1 10/07/10 10:38

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

10I4704-BLK1

Silica (SiO2) <0.100 mg/L 10I4704 10I4704-BLK1 09/28/10 10:47

10J0020-BLK1

Sulfide <0.170 mg/L 10J0020 10J0020-BLK1 10/01/10 14:20

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-BLK1

Aluminum <0.0540 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Barium <0.00600 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Cadmium <0.000600 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Calcium <0.320 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Chromium <0.00260 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Copper <0.00300 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Iron <0.0490 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Lead <0.00290 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Magnesium <0.0660 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Manganese <0.00100 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Potassium <0.150 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Sodium <0.820 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Page 5 of 17
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Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Blank - Cont.

Analyte Blank Value Q Units Q.C. Batch Lab Number Analyzed Date/Time

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-BLK1

Strontium <0.00500 mg/L 10I4625 10I4625-BLK1 09/28/10 20:59

Page 6 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Duplicate

Analyte Orig. Val. Duplicate Units RPD Batch

Sample

Q Duplicated

Analyzed Date/Time

Limit % Rec.

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-DUP2

Nitrate as N 14.0 14.1 mg/L 0.5 20 10I4188 NTI2340-01RE1 09/24/10 21:10

10I4270-DUP1

Fluoride ND ND mg/L 20 10I4270 NTI2395-01 09/28/10 19:53

10I4270-DUP2

Fluoride ND ND mg/L 20 10I4270 NTI1827-04RE1 09/30/10 07:02

10I4274-DUP1

Orthophosphate as P ND ND mg/L 20 10I4274 NTI2447-06 10/05/10 15:29

10I4412-DUP1

Sulfide ND ND mg/L 10 10I4412 NTI2395-01 09/28/10 15:30

10I4677-DUP1

Sulfate ND ND mg/L 10 10I4677 NTI2319-06 09/27/10 18:10

10I5334-DUP1

Total Solids 1140 1130 mg/L 1 20 10I5334 NTI2799-02 09/30/10 22:43

10I5336-DUP1

Total Suspended Solids 10.1 9.40 R2 mg/L 7 5 10I5336 NTI2917-07 10/01/10 03:00

10I5337-DUP1

Total Dissolved Solids 160 156 mg/L 3 5 10I5337 NTI2082-01RE1 09/30/10 10:40

10I5340-DUP1

Volatile Suspended Solids 12800 12400 mg/L 3 20 10I5340 NTI2395-01 10/01/10 03:00

10I5343-DUP1

Total Volatile Solids 71300 70500 mg/L 1 20 10I5343 NTI2395-01 09/30/10 11:31

10I5405-DUP1

Carbonaceous BOD 555 565 mg/L 2 20 10I5405 NTI3064-02 10/05/10 16:46

10I5445-DUP1

Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 ND ND mg/L 20 10I5445 NTI2395-01 09/30/10 22:37

10J0268-DUP1

COD, Soluble 999 999 mg/L 0 10 10J0268 NTI2395-01 10/04/10 08:10

10J0268-DUP2

Page 7 of 17
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Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Duplicate - Cont.

Analyte Orig. Val. Duplicate Units RPD Batch

Sample

Q Duplicated

Analyzed Date/Time

Limit % Rec.

General Chemistry Parameters

10J0268-DUP2

COD, Soluble 116000 98100 R2 mg/L 16 10 10J0268 NTI2395-01RE1 10/04/10 08:10

10J0269-DUP1

Chemical Oxygen Demand 36.3 36.3 mg/L 0 10 10J0269 NTI3064-03RE1 10/04/10 08:10

10J0551-DUP1

Total Organic Carbon 0.750 0.797 mg/L 6 20 10J0551 NTI2840-08 10/06/10 01:02

10J0620-DUP1

Phosphorus 0.137 ND mg/L 20 10J0620 NTJ0386-02 10/06/10 14:38

10J0630-DUP1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ND ND mg/L 46 10J0630 NTJ0386-02 10/06/10 16:19

10J1126-DUP1

Ammonia as N 5.88 5.49 mg/L 7 41 10J1126 NTI2762-01 10/07/10 16:27

10J1184-DUP1

Total Inorganic Carbon 732 738 mg/L 0.7 20 10J1184 NTI2395-01 10/11/10 12:44

10J1234-DUP1

Acidity 44.0 48.0 mg/L 9 10 10J1234 NTI2395-01 10/07/10 10:38

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

10I4704-DUP1

Silica (SiO2) 7.83 8.09 mg/L 3 10 10I4704 NTI2497-01 09/28/10 10:47

10J0020-DUP1

Sulfide 36.6 37.0 mg/L 1 10 10J0020 NTI2395-01 10/01/10 14:20

Page 8 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

LCS

Analyte Known Val. Analyzed Val Q Units % Rec. Batch

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-BS1

Nitrate as N 6.00 6.16 mg/L 103% 90 - 110 10I4188 09/24/10 20:57

10I4270-BS1

Fluoride 2.00 2.11 mg/L 105% 90 - 110 10I4270 09/28/10 18:59

10I4270-BS2

Fluoride 2.00 1.98 mg/L 99% 90 - 110 10I4270 09/30/10 05:15

10I4274-BS1

Orthophosphate as P 0.250 0.226 mg/L 90% 90 - 110 10I4274 10/05/10 15:29

10I4412-BS1

Sulfide 20.0 19.7 mg/L 98% 90 - 110 10I4412 09/28/10 15:30

10I4677-BS1

Sulfate 10.0 10.1 mg/L 101% 90 - 110 10I4677 09/27/10 18:10

10I5334-BS1

Total Solids 100 99.0 ug/mL 99% 90 - 110 10I5334 09/30/10 22:43

10I5336-BS1

Total Suspended Solids 100 94.0 mg/L 94% 90 - 110 10I5336 10/01/10 03:00

10I5337-BS1

Total Dissolved Solids 100 98.0 ug/mL 98% 90 - 110 10I5337 09/30/10 10:40

10I5340-BS1

10I5343-BS1

Total Volatile Solids 100 92.0 ug/mL 92% 80 - 120 10I5343 09/30/10 11:31

10I5405-BS1

Carbonaceous BOD 198 166 L2 mg/L 84% 85 - 115 10I5405 10/05/10 16:46

Carbonaceous BOD 198 166 L2 ug/mL 84% 85 - 115 10I5405 10/05/10 16:46

10J0268-BS1

COD, Soluble 300 298 mg/L 99% 90 - 110 10J0268 10/04/10 08:10

10J0269-BS1

Chemical Oxygen Demand 20.0 21.2 mg/L 106% 90 - 110 10J0269 10/04/10 08:10

10J0551-BS1

Total Organic Carbon 10.0 10.2 mg/L 102% 90 - 110 10J0551 10/06/10 01:02

Page 9 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

LCS - Cont.

Analyte Known Val. Analyzed Val Q Units % Rec. Batch

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10J0620-BS1

Phosphorus 2.00 1.88 mg/L 94% 90 - 110 10J0620 10/06/10 14:31

10J0630-BS1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 2.50 2.68 mg/L 107% 90 - 110 10J0630 10/06/10 16:15

10J1126-BS1

Ammonia as N 5.00 5.03 mg/L 101% 90 - 110 10J1126 10/07/10 16:25

10J1184-BS1

Total Inorganic Carbon 10.0 10.2 MNR mg/L 102% 90 - 110 10J1184 10/11/10 12:44

10J1234-BS1

Acidity 100 92.0 ug/mL 92% 90 - 110 10J1234 10/07/10 10:38

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

10I4704-BS1

Silica (SiO2) 2.00 2.00 mg/L 100% 90 - 110 10I4704 09/28/10 10:47

10J0020-BS1

Sulfide 20.0 20.0 mg/L 100% 90 - 110 10J0020 10/01/10 14:20

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-BS1

Aluminum 2.00 2.04 mg/L 102% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Barium 2.00 2.02 mg/L 101% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Cadmium 0.0500 0.0515 mg/L 103% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Calcium 5.00 5.03 mg/L 101% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Chromium 0.200 0.198 mg/L 99% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Copper 0.250 0.246 mg/L 98% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Iron 1.00 1.03 mg/L 103% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Lead 0.0500 0.0515 mg/L 103% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Magnesium 5.00 5.24 mg/L 105% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Manganese 0.500 0.502 mg/L 100% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Potassium 5.00 4.77 mg/L 95% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Sodium 5.00 4.86 mg/L 97% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Strontium 1.00 1.01 mg/L 101% 80 - 120 10I4625 09/28/10 21:02

Page 10 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Orig. Val. Units

Sample

Duplicate RPD Batch Duplicated

LCS Dup

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Q

Spike

Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Limit Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-BSD1

Nitrate as N 6.16 mg/L 6.00 103% 90 - 110 0 20 10I4188 09/24/10 20:57

10I4270-BSD1

Fluoride 1.98 mg/L 2.00 99% 90 - 110 6 20 10I4270 09/28/10 19:17

10I4270-BSD2

Fluoride 2.00 mg/L 2.00 100% 90 - 110 0.8 20 10I4270 09/30/10 05:33

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-BSD1

Aluminum 2.03 mg/L 2.00 102% 80 - 120 0.1 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Barium 2.06 mg/L 2.00 103% 80 - 120 2 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Cadmium 0.0506 mg/L 0.0500 101% 80 - 120 2 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Calcium 4.88 mg/L 5.00 98% 80 - 120 3 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Chromium 0.194 mg/L 0.200 97% 80 - 120 2 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Copper 0.249 mg/L 0.250 100% 80 - 120 1 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Iron 1.02 mg/L 1.00 102% 80 - 120 1 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Lead 0.0518 mg/L 0.0500 104% 80 - 120 0.6 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Magnesium 5.01 mg/L 5.00 100% 80 - 120 4 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Manganese 0.500 mg/L 0.500 100% 80 - 120 0.4 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Potassium 4.86 mg/L 5.00 97% 80 - 120 2 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Sodium 4.89 mg/L 5.00 98% 80 - 120 0.6 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Strontium 1.01 mg/L 1.00 101% 80 - 120 0.4 20 10I4625 09/28/10 22:02

Page 11 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Units

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Orig. Val. MS Val Spike Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Matrix Spike

Q

Analyzed 

Date/Time

Sample 

Batch Spiked

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-MS1

Nitrate as N ND 6.09 mg/L 6.00 101% 90 - 110 10I4188 NTI2340-03 09/24/10 21:03

10I4270-MS1

Fluoride ND 1.89 mg/L 2.00 95% 80 - 120 10I4270 NTI1687-08 09/28/10 21:40

10I4274-MS1

Orthophosphate as P ND 0.296 mg/L 0.250 118% 74 - 128 10I4274 NTI2447-01 10/05/10 15:29

10I4412-MS1

Sulfide ND 19.1 mg/L 20.0 96% 70 - 130 10I4412 NTI2395-01 09/28/10 15:30

10I4677-MS1

Sulfate ND 10.7 mg/L 10.0 107% 80 - 120 10I4677 NTI2319-05 09/27/10 18:10

10J0268-MS1

COD, Soluble 999 1110 E, M3 mg/L 333 33% 90 - 110 10J0268 NTI2395-01 10/04/10 08:10

10J0269-MS1

Chemical Oxygen Demand 999 1110 E, M3 mg/L 55.6 200% 90 - 110 10J0269 NTI3064-01 10/04/10 08:10

10J0551-MS1

Total Organic Carbon ND 19.2 mg/L 20.0 96% 66 - 135 10J0551 NTI3053-01 10/06/10 01:02

10J0620-MS1

Phosphorus 1.41 3.10 mg/L 2.00 84% 66 - 121 10J0620 NTI2788-01 10/06/10 14:33

10J0630-MS1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 1.28 4.28 M7 mg/L 2.50 120% 90 - 110 10J0630 NTI2930-01 10/06/10 16:22

10J1126-MS1

Ammonia as N 0.218 5.28 mg/L 5.00 101% 90 - 110 10J1126 NTI2738-04 10/07/10 16:34

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

10I4704-MS1

Silica (SiO2) 7.83 ND M4 mg/L 2.00 -391% 80 - 120 10I4704 NTI2497-01 09/28/10 10:47

10J0020-MS1

Sulfide 36.6 45.8 M8 mg/L 20.0 46% 70 - 130 10J0020 NTI2395-01 10/01/10 14:20

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-MS1

Page 12 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Units

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Orig. Val. MS Val Spike Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Matrix Spike - Cont.

Q

Analyzed 

Date/Time

Sample 

Batch Spiked

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-MS1

Aluminum 8.10 8.66 MHA mg/L 2.00 28% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Barium 0.861 2.78 mg/L 2.00 96% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Cadmium 0.00460 0.0523 mg/L 0.0500 95% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Calcium 234 232 MHA mg/L 5.00 -38% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Chromium 0.0928 0.264 mg/L 0.200 86% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Copper 0.903 1.04 MHA mg/L 0.250 55% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Iron 41.7 37.3 MHA mg/L 1.00 -440% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Lead 0.124 0.164 mg/L 0.0500 81% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Magnesium 40.9 43.5 MHA mg/L 5.00 52% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Manganese 0.872 1.31 mg/L 0.500 88% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Potassium 66.4 70.2 mg/L 5.00 75% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Sodium 39.7 43.5 mg/L 5.00 76% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Strontium 0.398 1.36 mg/L 1.00 97% 75 - 125 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:11

Page 13 of 17
2960 Foster Creighton Road Nashville, TN 37204 * 800-765-0980 * Fax 615-726-3404

Client

Attn

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Nashville, TN 37228

Thomas R Steinwinder

Project Name:

Work Order:

Harris NREL Eval

Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Orig. Val. Units

Sample

Duplicate RPD Batch Duplicated

Matrix Spike Dup

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Q

Spike

Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Limit Date/Time

General Chemistry Parameters

10I4188-MSD1

Nitrate as N ND 6.09 mg/L 6.00 102% 90 - 110 0.1 20 10I4188 NTI2340-03 09/24/10 21:04

10I4270-MSD1

Fluoride ND 1.96 mg/L 2.00 98% 80 - 120 4 20 10I4270 NTI1687-08 09/28/10 21:58

10I4274-MSD1

Orthophosphate as P ND 0.298 mg/L 0.250 119% 74 - 128 0.8 20 10I4274 NTI2447-01 10/05/10 15:29

10I4412-MSD1

Sulfide ND 19.0 mg/L 20.0 95% 70 - 130 0.5 10 10I4412 NTI2395-01 09/28/10 15:30

10I4677-MSD1

Sulfate ND 10.8 mg/L 10.0 108% 80 - 120 0.4 10 10I4677 NTI2319-05 09/27/10 18:10

10J0551-MSD1

Total Organic Carbon ND 19.1 mg/L 20.0 95% 66 - 135 0.7 20 10J0551 NTI3053-01 10/06/10 01:02

10J0620-MSD1

Phosphorus 1.41 3.45 mg/L 2.00 102% 66 - 121 11 20 10J0620 NTI2788-01 10/06/10 14:34

10J0630-MSD1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 1.28 4.38 M7 mg/L 2.50 124% 90 - 110 2 46 10J0630 NTI2930-01 10/06/10 16:23

10J1126-MSD1

Ammonia as N 0.218 5.70 mg/L 5.00 110% 90 - 110 8 41 10J1126 NTI2738-04 10/07/10 16:35

General Chemistry Parameters - Dissolved

10I4704-MSD1

Silica (SiO2) 7.83 ND M4 mg/L 2.00 -391% 80 - 120 10 10I4704 NTI2497-01 09/28/10 10:47

10J0020-MSD1

Sulfide 36.6 46.6 M8 mg/L 20.0 50% 70 - 130 2 10 10J0020 NTI2395-01 10/01/10 14:20

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-MSD1

Aluminum 8.10 9.17 MHA mg/L 2.00 53% 75 - 125 6 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Barium 0.861 2.76 mg/L 2.00 95% 75 - 125 0.6 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Cadmium 0.00460 0.0526 mg/L 0.0500 96% 75 - 125 0.6 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Calcium 234 240 mg/L 5.00 108% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Chromium 0.0928 0.271 mg/L 0.200 89% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Copper 0.903 1.05 MHA mg/L 0.250 59% 75 - 125 1 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Page 14 of 17
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NTI2395

Analyte Orig. Val. Units

Sample

Duplicate RPD Batch Duplicated

Matrix Spike Dup - Cont.

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Q

Spike

Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Limit Date/Time

Total Metals by EPA Method 6010B

10I4625-MSD1

Iron 41.7 38.9 MHA mg/L 1.00 -278% 75 - 125 4 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Lead 0.124 0.164 mg/L 0.0500 81% 75 - 125 0.06 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Magnesium 40.9 45.0 mg/L 5.00 82% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Manganese 0.872 1.34 mg/L 0.500 93% 75 - 125 2 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Potassium 66.4 72.2 mg/L 5.00 117% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Sodium 39.7 42.4 MHA mg/L 5.00 55% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Strontium 0.398 1.40 mg/L 1.00 100% 75 - 125 3 20 10I4625 NTI2556-01 09/28/10 22:15

Page 15 of 17
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NTI2395

CERTIFICATION SUMMARY

Method Matrix

TestAmerica Nashville

AIHA Nelac Tennessee

EPA 160.4 Water N/A X

EPA 350.1M Water N/A X

EPA 351.2 Water N/A X

EPA 353.2 Water N/A X N/A

EPA 365.4 Water N/A X

EPA 410.4 Water N/A X

SM 2340B Water N/A X

SM 4500-S2 F Water

SM 5210B Water N/A X N/A

SM2310 B Water X

SM2320 B Water X

SM2540 B Water X

SM2540 C Water N/A X

SM2540 D Water X

SM2540 E Water

SM4500-P E Water X

SM4500-S2 F Water X

SM4500-SiO2 C Water X

SW846 6010B Water N/A X N/A

SW846 9038 Water N/A X N/A

SW846 9056 Water N/A X N/A

SW846 9060A Water X

SW846 9060 Water N/A X

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NTI2395

DATA QUALIFIERS AND DEFINITIONS

A-01 Soluble CBOD Analysis

E Concentration exceeds the calibration range and therefore result is semi-quantitative.

H Sample analysis performed past method-specified holding time.

L2 Laboratory Control Sample and/or Laboratory Control Sample Duplicate recovery was below acceptance limits.

M3 Results exceeded the linear range in the MS/MSD and therefore are not available for reporting. The batch was accepted based 

on acceptable recovery in the Blank Spike (LCS).

M4 The MS/MSD required a dilution due to matrix interference. Because of this dilution, the matrix spike concentrations in the 

sample were reduced to a level where the recovery calculation does not provide useful information. See Blank Spike (LCS).

M7 The MS and/or MSD were above the acceptance limits. See Blank Spike (LCS).

M8 The MS and/or MSD were below the acceptance limits. See Blank Spike (LCS).

MHA Due to high levels of analyte in the sample, the MS/MSD calculation does not provide useful spike recovery information. See 

Blank Spike (LCS).

MNR No results were reported for the MS/MSD. The sample used for the MS/MSD required dilution due to the sample matrix. 

Because of this, the spike compounds were diluted below the detection limit.

R2 The RPD exceeded the acceptance limit.

RL1 Reporting limit raised due to sample matrix effects.

ND Not detected at the reporting limit (or method detection limit if shown)

METHOD MODIFICATION NOTES

350.1 M - M = Ammonia-Nitrogen method modified for midi-distillation with Lachat Procedure 10-107-06-1-A.

COD 410.4 M - M = COD method modified for use of Hach method 8000.

Page 17 of 17



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December 01, 2010

Client:

Attn:

Work Order: 

Project Name: 

Project Nbr: 

Date Received: 

Harris NREL Eval

139646

NTI2395

09/23/10

Nashville, TN 37228

Brown & Caldwell (3376)

501 Great Circle Road, Suite 150

Thomas R Steinwinder P/O Nbr: 

11:02:49AM

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION LAB NUMBER COLLECTION DATE AND TIME

DRAFT: NREL NTI2395-01 09/23/10 08:00

An executed copy of the chain of custody, the project quality control data, and the sample receipt form are also included as an 

addendum to this report. If you have any questions relating to this analytical report, please contact your Laboratory Project Manager 

at 1-800-765-0980. Any opinions, if expressed, are outside the scope of the Laboratory's accreditation.

This material is intended only for the use of the individual(s) or entity to whom it is addressed, and may contain information that is 

privileged and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering this material to 

the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this material is strictly prohibited. If 

you have received this material in error, please notify us immediately at 615-726-0177. 

Tennessee Certification Number: 02008

These results relate only to the items tested. This report shall not be reproduced except in full and with permission of the laboratory.

Report Approved By: 

DRAFT REPORT

DATA SUBJECT TO CHANGE

The Chain(s) of Custody, 3 pages, are included and are an integral part of this report. 

Estimated uncertainty is available upon request.

All solids results are reported in wet weight unless specifically stated.

Page 1 of 10
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NTI2395

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Analyte Result

Analysis 

Flag MRL Date/Time

Dilution 

Units MDL Factor Method Batch

Sample ID: NTI2395-01 (DRAFT: NREL - Waste Water) Sampled: 09/23/10 08:00

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

Fluoride 40.0 H, J mg/L 30.0 100 1000 11/12/10 13:37 SM4500-F C 10K2676

Fluoride ND RL1 mg/L 300 1000 10000 09/28/10 19:35 SW846 9056 10I4270

Sulfate ND mg/L 0.600 1.00 1 09/27/10 18:10 SW846 9038 10I4677

Sulfate 5600 H2 mg/L 300 500 500 11/24/10 17:25 ASTM D516-90 10K1153

Page 2 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Blank

Analyte Blank Value Q Units Q.C. Batch Lab Number Analyzed Date/Time

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-BLK1

Fluoride <0.0300 mg/L 10I4270 10I4270-BLK1 09/28/10 18:41

10I4270-BLK2

Fluoride <0.0300 mg/L 10I4270 10I4270-BLK2 09/30/10 04:57

10I4677-BLK1

Sulfate <0.600 mg/L 10I4677 10I4677-BLK1 09/27/10 18:10

10K1153-BLK3

Sulfate <0.600 mg/L 10K1153 10K1153-BLK3 11/24/10 17:25

10K2676-BLK1

Fluoride <0.0300 mg/L 10K2676 10K2676-BLK1 11/12/10 13:37

Page 3 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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Project Number: 139646

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NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Duplicate

Analyte Orig. Val. Duplicate Units RPD Batch

Sample

Q Duplicated

Analyzed Date/Time

Limit % Rec.

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-DUP1

Fluoride ND <300 mg/L 20 10I4270 NTI2395-01 09/28/10 19:53

10I4270-DUP2

Fluoride ND <0.600 mg/L 20 10I4270 NTI1827-04RE1 09/30/10 07:02

10I4677-DUP1

Sulfate ND <0.600 mg/L 10 10I4677 NTI2319-06 09/27/10 18:10

10K1153-DUP1

Sulfate 0.610 0.780 J mg/L 24 10 10K1153 NTJ3326-01 11/06/10 11:01

10K2676-DUP1

Fluoride 40.0 40.0 J mg/L 0 20 10K2676 NTI2395-01 11/12/10 13:37

Page 4 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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NTI2395

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

LCS

Analyte Known Val. Analyzed Val Q Units % Rec. Batch

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Date/Time

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-BS1

Fluoride 2.00 2.11 mg/L 105% 90 - 110 10I4270 09/28/10 18:59

10I4270-BS2

Fluoride 2.00 1.98 mg/L 99% 90 - 110 10I4270 09/30/10 05:15

10I4677-BS1

Sulfate 10.0 10.1 mg/L 101% 90 - 110 10I4677 09/27/10 18:10

10K1153-BS3

Sulfate 10.0 10.9 mg/L 109% 90 - 110 10K1153 11/24/10 17:25

10K2676-BS1

Fluoride 1.00 0.950 mg/L 95% 90 - 110 10K2676 11/12/10 13:37

Page 5 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Orig. Val. Units

Sample

Duplicate RPD Batch Duplicated

LCS Dup

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Q

Spike

Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Limit Date/Time

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-BSD1

Fluoride 1.98 mg/L 2.00 99% 90 - 110 6 20 10I4270 09/28/10 19:17

10I4270-BSD2

Fluoride 2.00 mg/L 2.00 100% 90 - 110 0.8 20 10I4270 09/30/10 05:33

10K2676-BSD1

Fluoride 0.950 mg/L 1.00 95% 90 - 110 0 20 10K2676 11/12/10 13:37

Page 6 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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NTI2395

Analyte Units

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Orig. Val. MS Val Spike Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Matrix Spike

Q

Analyzed 

Date/Time

Sample 

Batch Spiked

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-MS1

Fluoride ND 1.89 mg/L 2.00 95% 80 - 120 10I4270 NTI1687-08 09/28/10 21:40

10I4677-MS1

Sulfate ND 10.7 mg/L 10.0 107% 80 - 120 10I4677 NTI2319-05 09/27/10 18:10

10K2676-MS1

Fluoride ND 0.370 M4 mg/L 1.00 37% 80 - 120 10K2676 NTJ2916-02 11/12/10 13:37

Page 7 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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Received:

Project Number: 139646

09/23/10 11:32

NTI2395

Analyte Orig. Val. Units

Sample

Duplicate RPD Batch Duplicated

Matrix Spike Dup

PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL DATA

Q

Spike

Conc % Rec.

Target 

Range

Analyzed 

Limit Date/Time

DRAFT: General Chemistry Parameters

10I4270-MSD1

Fluoride ND 1.96 mg/L 2.00 98% 80 - 120 4 20 10I4270 NTI1687-08 09/28/10 21:58

10I4677-MSD1

Sulfate ND 10.8 mg/L 10.0 108% 80 - 120 0.4 10 10I4677 NTI2319-05 09/27/10 18:10

10K2676-MSD1

Fluoride ND 0.390 M4 mg/L 1.00 39% 80 - 120 5 20 10K2676 NTJ2916-02 11/12/10 13:37

Page 8 of 10
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Thomas R Steinwinder

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NTI2395

CERTIFICATION SUMMARY

Method Matrix

TestAmerica Nashville

AIHA Nelac Tennessee

ASTM D516-90 Water N/A X

SM4500-F C Water X

SW846 9038 Water N/A X N/A

SW846 9056 Water N/A X N/A

Page 9 of 10
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NTI2395

DATA QUALIFIERS AND DEFINITIONS

H Sample analysis performed past method-specified holding time.

H2 Initial analysis within holding time. Reanalysis for the required dilution or confirmation was past holding time.

J Analyte detected at a level less than the Reporting Limit (RL) and greater than or equal to the Method Detection Limit (MDL). 

Concentrations within this range are estimated.

M4 The MS/MSD required a dilution due to matrix interference. Because of this dilution, the matrix spike concentrations in the 

sample were reduced to a level where the recovery calculation does not provide useful information. See Blank Spike (LCS).

RL1 Reporting limit raised due to sample matrix effects.

ND Not detected at the reporting limit (or method detection limit if shown)

METHOD MODIFICATION NOTES

Page 10 of 10



National Renewable Energy Laboratory

B

Appendix B: Block Flow Diagrams (BFDs)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

C 

Appendix C: Major Equipment List
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

Major Equipment List

Equipment Name HP Notes

Lift Station No. 1 2500 gpm pump, submersible rail mountedLift Station No. 2 2500 gpm pump, submersible rail mountedLift Station No. 3 2500 gpm pump, submersible rail mountedLift Station No. 4 2500 gpm pump, submersible rail mounted

Anaerobic Basins Includes cover, recycle pumps, biogas blow

Iron Sponge

Waste Anaerobic sludge (WANS) Pump No. 1 3

WANS Pump No. 2 3 Common installed spareWANS Pump No. 3 3WANS Pump No. 4 3WANS Pump No. 5 3 Common installed spareWANS Pump No. 6 3

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 1 15Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 2 15Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 3 15Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 4 15 Common installed spare

Aeration Basin No. 1 25 ft H x 115 ft x 344 ft / 2 ft floor and wall t

concrete, c/w coarse bubble aeration grid

Aeration Basin No. 2 25 ft H x 115 ft x 344 ft / 2 ft floor and wall t

concrete, c/w coarse bubble aeration grid

Aeration Basin No. 3 25 ft H x 115 ft x 344 ft / 2 ft floor and wall t

concrete, c/w coarse bubble aeration grid

Membrane Tank No. 1 Vendor Package, includes membrane, CIP Membrane Tank No. 2 Vendor Package, includes membrane, CIP Membrane Tank No. 3 Vendor Package, includes membrane, CIP 

Blower No. 1 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psigBlower No. 2 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psigBlower No. 3 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psigBlower No. 4 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psigBlower No. 5 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psigBlower No. 6 1000 14,000 SCFM @ 10.3 psig, common instal

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 1 of 2
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

Major Equipment List

Equipment Name HP Notes

RAS Pump No. 1 40RAS Pump No. 2 40RAS Pump No. 3 40RAS Pump No. 4 40RAS Pump No. 5 40RAS Pump No. 6 40

Reverse Osmosis Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Reverse Osmosis System

Evaporator Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Evaporator

Conveyor 10

Dewatering Polymer Addition System 2 11.4 gph neat polymerDewatering Polymer Addition System 2 11.4 gph neat polymer, installed spare

Caustic Feed System 1.5 0-300 gph, Aeration Basin No. 1Caustic Feed System 1.5 0-300 gph, Aeration Basin No. 2Caustic Feed System 1.5 0-300 gph, Aeration Basin No. 3Caustic Feed System 1.5 0-300 gph, common installed spare

Sludge Holding Tank Bolted Steel. H=32', Dia=46'.

Centrifuge Feed Pump No.1 10Centrifuge Feed Pump No.2 10 Installed spare

Asbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 1 165 275 gpm capacity, 125 HP bowl drive, 40 HAsbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 2 165 275 gpm capacity, 125 HP bowl drive, 40 HAsbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 3 165 275 gpm capacity, 125 HP bowl drive, 40 H

Centrate Sump 12'x12'x8'D concrete sump, located inside 

Centrate Pump No. 1 15Centrate Pump No. 2 15 Installed spare

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 2 of 2

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

D 

Appendix D: Cost Estimate Detail
Memorandum 

6962 Deframe Ct. 

Arvada, Colorado 80004 

Tel: 303-284-3058 

Fax: 303-284-3354 

Date: February 11, 2011

To: Stephen McGuire, Nashville 

From: Bob Ferguson, Arvada

Reviewed by: Butch Matthews, Jacksonville

Project Number: 139649 

Subject: National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

 Conceptual Design Completion 

 Basis of Estimate of Probable Construction – Revision 4 

The Basis of Estimate Report for the subject project is attached. Please call me if you have questions or need 

additional information. 

RAF:bf 

Enclosures (2) 

1. Summary Estimate 

2. Detailed Estimate 
BASIS OF ESTIMATE REPORT 

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT EVALUATION – CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 

Introduction 

Brown and Caldwell (BC) is pleased to present this estimate of probable construction cost (estimate) prepared 

for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wastewater Treatment, Harris Group, Inc. 

Summary 

This Basis of Estimate contains the following information: 

• Scope of work 

• Background of this estimate 

• Class of estimate 

• Estimating methodology 

• Direct cost development 

• Indirect cost development 

• Bidding assumptions 

• Estimating assumptions 

• Estimating exclusions 

• Allowances for known but undefined work 

• Contractor and other estimate markups 

Scope of Work 

This estimate evaluates the cost of the revised single option for wastewater treatment for the Harris Group, 

Inc., National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The design documents are conceptual in nature and a 

specific location for the facility is undetermined other than it will be a Greenfield construction site located in 

the mid-west part of the country. Treatment consists of anaerobic system, membrane bioreactor, dissolved 

air floatation, and reverse osmosis. 

Background of this Estimate 

In a previously submitted conceptual estimate dated January 21, 2010, BC’s estimating team presented an 

estimate of probable cost for a high confidence scenario and a low confidence scenario treatment options 

based on documents furnished to the Estimating and Scheduling Group (ESG), and on the overall market 

conditions at that time. As a result of refinements in the project, the treatment components have changed 

and a single revised option has been settled on. These changes are reflected in the current estimate. 

The attached estimate of probable construction cost is based on documents dated February 2011, received by 

the ESG. These documents are described as conceptual design based on the current project progression, 

additional or updated scope and/or quantities, and ongoing discussions with the project team. Further 

information can be found in the detailed estimate reports. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

Class of Estimate 

In accordance with the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International (AACE) criteria, 

this is a Class 4 estimate. A Class 4 estimate is defined as a Planning Level or Design Technical Feasibility 

Estimate. Typically, engineering is from 1 percent to 15 percent complete. Class 4 estimates are used to 

prepare planning level cost scopes or to evaluate alternatives in design conditions and form the base work for 

the Class 3 Project Budget or Funding Estimate. 

Expected accuracy for Class 4 estimates typically range from -30 percent to +50 percent, depending on the 

technological complexity of the project, appropriate reference information, and the inclusion of an 

appropriate contingency determination. In unusual circumstances, ranges could exceed those shown. 

Estimating Methodology 

This estimate was prepared using quantity take-offs, vendor quotes, and equipment pricing furnished either 

by the project team or by the estimator. The estimate includes direct labor costs, including a shift differential 

if applicable, and anticipated productivity adjustments to labor, and equipment. Where possible, estimates for 

work anticipated to be performed by specialty subcontractors have been identified. 

Construction labor crew and equipment hours were calculated from production rates contained in documents 

and electronic databases published by R.S. Means, Mechanical Contractors Association (MCA), National 

Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), and Rental Rate Blue Book for Construction Equipment (Blue 

Book). 

This estimate was prepared using BC’s estimating system, which consists of a Windows-based commercial 

estimating software engine using BC’s material and labor database, historical project data, the latest vendor 

and material cost information, and other costs specific to the project locale. 

Direct Cost Development 

Costs associated with the General Provisions and the Special Provisions of the construction documents, 

which are collectively referred to as Contractor General Conditions (CGC), were based on the estimator’s 

interpretation of the contract documents. The estimates for CGCs are divided into two groups: a timerelated group (e.g., field personnel), and non-time-related group (e.g., bonds and insurance). Labor burdens 

such as health and welfare, vacation, union benefits, payroll taxes, and workers compensation insurance are 

included in the labor rates. No trade discounts were considered. 

Indirect Cost Development 

Local sales tax has been applied to material and equipment rentals. For the purpose of this cost comparison 

an assumed tax rate of 9.75% was used. A percentage allowance for contractor’s home office expense has 

been included in the overall rate markups. The rate is standard for this type of heavy construction and is 

based on typical percentages outlined in Means Heavy Construction Cost Data, 2010. 

The contractor’s cost for builders risk, general liability, and vehicle insurance has been included in this 

estimate. Based on historical data, this is typically two to four percent of the overall construction contract 

amount. These indirect costs have been included in this estimate as a percentage of the gross cost, and are 

added to the net totals after the net markups have been applied to the appropriate items. 

Bidding Assumptions 

The following bidding assumptions were considered in the development of this estimate. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

1. Bidders must hold a valid, current Contractor’s credentials, applicable to the type of project. 

2. Bidders will develop estimates with a competitive approach to material pricing and labor productivity, and 

will not include allowances for changes, extra work, unforeseen conditions, or any other unplanned costs. 

3. Estimated costs are based on a minimum of four bidders. Actual bid prices may increase for fewer 

bidders or decrease for a greater number of bidders. 

4. Bidders will account for General Provisions and Special Provisions of the contract documents and will 

perform all work except that which will be performed by traditional specialty subcontractors as identified 

here: 

• Electrical 

• Miscellaneous metalwork 

• Thermal/moisture proofing 

• HVAC systems 

• Painting 

• Plumbing 

• Steel tank erection 

Estimating Assumptions 

As the design progresses through different completion stages, it is customary for the estimator to make 

assumptions to account for details that may not be evident from the documents. The following assumptions 

were used in the development of this estimate. 

1. Contractor performs the work during normal daylight hours, nominally 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, in an 8-hour shift. No allowance has been made for additional shift work or weekend work. 

2. Contractor has complete access for lay-down areas and mobile equipment. 

3. Equipment rental rates are based on verifiable pricing from the local project area rental yards, Blue Book 

rates, and/or rates contained in the estimating database. 

4. Contractor markup is based on conventionally accepted values that have been adjusted for project-area 

economic factors. 

5. Major equipment costs are based on both vendor supplied price quotes obtained by the project design 

team and/or estimators, and on historical pricing of like equipment. 

6. Process equipment vendor training using vendors’ standard Operations and Maintenance (O&M) material, 

is included in the purchase price of major equipment items where so stated in that quotation. 

7. Bulk material quantities are based on manual quantity take-offs. 

8. There is sufficient electrical power to feed the specified equipment. The local power company will supply 

power and transformers suitable for this facility. 

9. Soils are of adequate nature to support the structures. No piles have been included in this estimate. 

10. Site work assumes a Greenfield site requiring no clearing and minimal grading for site preparation. 

11.Aeration basins are cast-in-place concrete partially buried in the ground (15-foot) and partially 

aboveground (10-foot). 

12.No groundwater or rock is included in the excavations. 

13.Equipment not located within buildings will be founded on concrete slab-on-grade with thickened edge 

for frost protection. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

14.Building will be concrete slab-on-grade with thickened edge for frost protection and pre-engineered steel 

structures. 

15.Centrate sump will be in-ground cast-in-place concrete construction. 

16. Lift stations at the aeration basins will be precast concrete manholes with rail mounted submersible 

pumps. Electrical panels will be located in outside enclosures adjacent to the manholes. 

17.The biomass boiler/burner building shown on the conceptual drawing is outside the scope of the estimate 

and is therefore not included in the costs. 

18.Equipment pricing is based on quotes from previous projects. Quotes have not been obtained at this 

conceptual stage. 

19. Process piping and yard piping is unknown at this conceptual stage. Allowances are included in the 

estimate to cover the cost of materials, supports, installation, and testing. 

20.It is assumed that the selected site will have adequate space for construction and construction staging and 

off-site facilities of storage will not be required. 

21. Site civil work in unknown at this conceptual stage but is assumed to me minimal including some paving 

and walkways between process facilities. An allowance was included in the estimate to cover the cost of 

site work. 

Estimating Exclusions 

The following estimating exclusions were assumed in the development of this estimate. 

1. Hazardous materials remediation and/or disposal. 

2. O&M costs for the project with the exception of the vendor supplied O&M manuals. 

3. Utility agency costs for incoming power modifications. 

4. Permits beyond those normally needed for the type of project and project conditions. 

Allowances for Known but Undefined Work 

The following allowances were made in the development of this estimate. 

1. Site civil and yard piping 

2. Process piping 

3. HVAC 

4. Building electrical 

5. Electrical/Instrumentation 

Contractor and Other Estimate Markups 

Contractor markup is based on conventionally accepted values which have been adjusted for project-area 

economic factors. Estimate markups are shown in Table 1. 

 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

Table 1. Estimate Markups, February 2011

Item Rate, percent 

Prime Contractor 

 Labor (employer payroll burden) 10 

 Materials and process equipment 8 

 Equipment (construction-related) 8 

 Subcontractor 5 

 Sales Tax (State and local for materials, process equipment and construction equipment rentals, etc.) 9.75 

 Startup, Training, O&M 2 

 Builder’s Risk, Liability, and Vehicle Insurance 2 

 Material Shipping and Handling 2 

Subcontractor Markups Same as Prime 

Escalation to Midpoint of Construction (not included for this estimate) 0 

Contingency 30 

Performance and Payment Bonds 1.5 

Labor Markup. The labor rates used in the estimate were derived chiefly from the latest published State 

Prevailing Wage Rates. These rates include costs beyond raw labor for such items as Payroll Tax and 

Insurance (PT&I), FICA, and Workers Compensation Insurance. In addition to these markups, the General 

Contractor (GC) typically adds a percentage to each raw labor dollar to cover overhead and profit, payroll and 

accounting costs, additional insurance, retirement, 401k contributions, and sick leave/vacation cost. 

Materials and Process Equipment Markup. This markup consists of the additional cost to the 

contractor beyond the raw dollar amount for material and process equipment. This includes shop drawing 

preparation, submittal and/or re-submittal cost, purchasing and scheduling materials and equipment, 

accounting charges including invoicing and payment, inspection of received goods, receiving, storage, 

overhead and profit. 

Equipment (Construction) Markup. This markup consists of the costs associated with operating the 

construction equipment used in the project. Most GCs will rent rather than own the equipment and then 

charge each project for its equipment cost. The equipment rental cost does not include fuel, delivery and 

pick-up charges, additional insurance requirements on rental equipment, accounting costs related to home 

office receiving invoices and payment. However, the crew rates used in the estimate do account for the 

equipment rental cost. Occasionally, larger contractors will have some or all of the equipment needed for the 

job, but in order to recoup their initial purchasing cost they will charge the project an internal rate for 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

equipment use which is similar to the rental cost of equipment. The GC will apply an overhead and profit 

percentage to each individual piece of equipment whether rented or owned. 

Subcontractor Markup. This markup consists of the GC’s costs for subcontractors who perform work 

on the site. This includes costs associated with shop drawings, review of subcontractor’s submittals, 

scheduling of subcontractor work, inspections, processing of payment requests, home office accounting, and 

overhead and profit on subcontracts. 

Sales Tax (Materials, Process Equipment and Construction Equipment). This is the tax 

that the contractor must pay according to state and local tax laws. The percentage is applied to both the 

material and equipment the GC purchases as well as the cost for rental equipment. The percentage is based 

on the local rates in place at the time the estimate was prepared. 

Contractor Startup, Training, and O&M Manuals. This cost markup is often confused with either 

vendor startup or owner startup. It is the cost the GC incurs on the project beyond the vendor startup and 

owner startup costs. The GC generally will have project personnel assigned to facilitate the installation, 

testing, startup, and O&M Manual preparation for equipment that is put into operation by either the vendor 

or owner. These project personnel often include an electrician, pipe fitter or millwright, and/or I&E 

technician. These personnel are not included in the basic crew makeup to install the equipment but are there 

to assist and trouble shoot the startup and proper running of the equipment. The GC also incurs a cost for 

startup for such things as consumables (oil, fuel, filters, etc.), startup drawings and schedules, startup 

meetings, and coordination with the plant personnel in other areas of the plant operation. 

Builders Risk, Liability, and Vehicle Insurance. This percentage comprises all three items. 

There are many factors which make up this percentage, including the contractor’s track record for claims in 

each of the categories. Another factor affecting insurance rates has been a dramatic price increase across the 

country over the past several years due to domestic and foreign influences. Consequently, in the construction 

industry we have observed a range of 0.5 to 1 percent for Builders Risk Insurance, 1 to 1.25 percent for 

General Liability Insurance, and 0.85 to 1 percent for Vehicle Insurance. Many factors affect each area of 

insurance, including project complexity, and contractor’s requirements and history. Instead of using numbers 

from a select few contractors, we believe it is more prudent to use a combined 2 percent to better reflect the 

general costs across the country. Consequently, the actual cost could be higher or lower based on the bidder, 

region, insurance climate, and on the contractor’s insurability at the time the project is bid. 

Material Shipping and Handling. This can range from 2 percent to 6 percent, and is based on the 

type of project, material makeup of the project, and the region and location of the project. Material shipping 

and handling covers delivery costs from vendors, unloading costs (and in some instances loading and 

shipment back to vendors for rebuilt equipment), site paper work, and inspection of materials prior to 

unloading at the project site. BC typically adjusts this percentage by the amount of materials and whether 

vendors have included shipping costs in the quotes that were used to prepare the estimate. This cost also 

includes the GC’s cost to obtain local supplies, e.g., oil, gaskets, and bolts that may be missing from the 

equipment or materials shipped. 

Escalation to Midpoint for Labor, Materials and Subcontractors. In addition to 

contingency, it is customary for projects that will be built over several years to include an escalation to 

midpoint of anticipated construction to account for the future escalation of labor, material, and equipment 

costs beyond values at the time the estimate is prepared. For this project escalation was not included in the 

estimate since the timing of the project is unknown. The estimate is given in today’s dollars. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

February 11, 2011 

Construction Contingency. The contingency factor covers unforeseen conditions, area economic 

factors, and general project complexity. This contingency is used to account for those factors that can not be 

addressed in each of the labor and/or material installation costs. Based on industry standards, completeness 

of the project documents, project complexity, the current design stage, and area factors, construction 

contingency can range from 10 percent to 50 percent. 

Range of Accuracy. The amount of contingency in the estimate should not be confused with the 

accuracy of the estimate. The Expected Accuracy Range defines the window within which the bids are 

expected to fall based on the project complexity, information available during the estimate process, outside 

influences (wage rates, material, bidding climate), and includes a level of contingency appropriate to the 

project definition at the time the estimate was prepared. It is important to understand that AACEI notes on 

its ranges of accuracy that, 

“The state of process technology and availability of applicable reference cost data affect the range 

markedly. The +/- value [of the ranges] represents typical percentage variation of actual costs from 

the cost estimate after application of contingency (typically at a 50 percent level of confidence) for 

given scope.” 

While a 50-percent level of confidence in the contingency may seem broad, typically this results in a 90-

percent confidence that the actual cost will fall within the bounds of the low and high ranges. 

The caution here is that these estimates are not what are often referred to as “bid quality,” i.e., estimates 

prepared by contractors who are receiving competitive bids from subcontractors, equipment vendors, and 

materials suppliers. In general, we receive reasonable budget values from those willing to provide quotations. 

Performance and Payment Bonds. Based on historical and industry data, this can range from 0.75 

percent to 3 percent of the project total. There are several contributing factors including such items as size of 

the project, regional costs, contractor’s historical record on similar projects, complexity, and current bonding 

limits. BC uses 1.5 percent for bonds, which we have determined to be reasonable for most heavy 

construction projects. 
SUMMARY ESTIMATE REPORT 

WITH MARK-UPS ALLOCATED

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

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WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Project Number: 139646

BC Project Manager: THOMAS STEINWINDER/STEPHEN McGUI

BC Office: NASHVILLE

Estimate Issue Number: 01

Estimate Original Issue Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

Estimate Revision Number: 04

Estimate Revision Date: FEBRUARY 11, 2011

Lead Estimator: BOB FERGUSON

Estimate QA/QC Reviewer: BUTCH MATTHEWS

Estimate QA/QC Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010
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Description  NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT - REVISION 1  NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION 02 - Site Construction  03 - Concrete  05 - Metals  08 - Doors & Windows  09 - Finishes  10 - Specialties  11 - Equipment  13 - Special Construction  15 - Mechanical  16 - Electrical 

NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION Total 

Grand Tota
DETAILED ESTIMATE REPORT

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2/11/2011 - 7:26AM

Project Number: 139646

BC Project Manager: THOMAS STEINWINDER/STEPHEN McGUI

BC Office: NASHVILLE

Estimate Issue Number: 01

Estimate Original Issue Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

Estimate Revision Number: 04

Estimate Revision Date: FEBRUARY 11, 2011

Lead Estimator: BOB FERGUSON

Estimate QA/QC Reviewer: BUTCH MATTHEWS

Estimate QA/QC Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT - REVISION 1 NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION  02000 - Site Civil Work 02000000 - General Civil Work

0990 Allowance - Site Work 1.0 lsum 69,600.00 69,600.00 24,000.00 

Site Civil Work Total 

 02300 - Earthwork 02315120 - Backfill, Structural

4420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 200 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 115.3 L.C.Y. 0.80 1.53 5420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 300 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 20,793.5 L.C.Y. 0.43 1.09 

 02315310 - Compaction, General

7000 Compaction, around structures and trenches, 2 passes, 18" wide, 6" lifts, 20,950.7 E.C.Y. 1.77 0.17 

walk behind, vibrating plate

7500 Compaction, 2 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 103.8 E.C.Y. 1.40 0.36 7520 Compaction, 3 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 306.0 E.C.Y. 2.07 0.54 7540 Compaction, 4 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 652.5 E.C.Y. 2.76 0.72 

 02315424 - Excavating, Bulk Bank Measure

4400 Excavating, bulk bank measure, in sheeting or cofferdam, with all other 72,043.6 B.C.Y. 4.78 7.13 

equipment, minimum 02315492 - Hauling

0009 Loading Trucks, F.E. Loader, 3 C.Y. 70,889.9 cuyd 0.59 1.06 4298 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 73,894.7 L.C.Y. 1.65 3.17 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 20 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment

4498 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 1,628.7 L.C.Y. 1.84 3.52 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 25 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment 02315610 - Excavating, Trench
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0060 Excavating, trench or continuous footing, common earth, 1/2 C.Y. 1,591.4 B.C.Y. 3.79 1.79 

excavator, 1' to 4' deep, excludes sheeting or dewatering 02315640 - Utility Bedding

0100 Fill by borrow and utility bedding, for pipe and conduit, crushed stone, 5,381.9 L.C.Y. 7.21 43.50 2.04 

3/4" to 1/2", excludes compaction

Earthwork Total 

 02600 - Drainage & Containment 02630400 - Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames & Covers

1210 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, concrete, precast, 6' inside 4.0 EA 1,085.14 2,375.00 306.13 

diameter, 8' deep, excludes footing, excavation, backfill, frame and cover

1500 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, precast concrete, 6' diameter 4.0 EA 154.83 595.00 43.73 

manhole, 8" thick top

4100 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, steps, standard sizes, 42.0 EA 10.95 25.50 

aluminum

Drainage & Containment Total 

 03100 - Concrete Forms & Accessories 03110445 - Forms In Place, Slab On Grade

3050 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, edge, wood, 7" to 12" high, 4 use, 3,812.0 sfca 3.67 0.74 

includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

3550 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, depressed, edge, wood, 12" to 24" high, 4 4,944.0 LF 9.01 0.76 

use, includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

 03110455 - Forms In Place, Walls

2550 C.I.P. concrete forms, wall, job built, plywood, 8 to 16' high, 4 use, 124,368.0 sfca 6.20 0.78 

includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning 03150860 - Waterstop

0600 Waterstop, PVC, ribbed, with center bulb, 3/8" thick x 9" wide 4,992.0 LF 3.29 4.50 

Concrete Forms & Accessories Total 

 03200 - Concrete Reinforcement 03210600 - Reinforcing In Place
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0602 Reinforcing steel, in place, slab on grade, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl 995,378.9 lb 0.46 0.44 

labor for accessories, excl material for accessories

0702 Reinforcing steel, in place, walls, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl labor for 595,381.8 lb 0.33 0.44 

accessories, excl material for accessories

2000 Reinforcing steel, unload and sort, add to base 819.7 ton 32.63 8.22 2210 Reinforcing steel, crane cost for handling, average, add 819.7 ton 35.30 8.95 2450 Reinforcing steel, in place, dowels, deformed, A615, grade 60, longer and 47,941.5 lb 1.34 0.55 

heavier, add

Concrete Reinforcement Total 

 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete 03310220 - Concrete, Ready Mix Normal Weight

0300 Structural concrete, ready mix, normal weight, 4000 PSI, includes local 12,454.0 CY 106.00 

aggregate, sand, Portland cement and water, delivered, excludes alladditives and treatments 03310700 - Placing Concrete

4650 Structural concrete, placing, slab on grade, pumped, over 6" thick, 7,862.0 CY 16.14 4.44 

includes vibrating, excludes material

5350 Structural concrete, placing, walls, pumped, 15" thick, includes vibrating, 4,592.0 CY 24.88 6.87 

excludes material 03350300 - Finishing Floors

0150 Concrete finishing, floors, manual screed, bull float, manual float, broom 112,147.2 SF 0.65 

finish 03350350 - Finishing Walls

0150 Concrete finishing, walls, carborundum rub, wet, includes breaking ties 89,424.0 SF 2.40 

and patching voids

Cast-In-Place Concrete Total 

 05050 - Basic Metal Materials & Methods 05090340 - Drilling

0400 Concrete impact drilling, for anchors, up to 4" D, 5/8" dia, in concrete or brick 47.0 EA 10.64 0.08 

walls and floors, incl bit & layout, excl anchor

 05090540 - Machinery Anchors
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

0800 Machinery anchor, heavy duty, 1" dia stud & bolt, incl sleeve, floating base nut, 10.0 EA 52.58 98.50 6.97 

lower stud & coupling nut, fiber plug, connecting stud, washer & nut

Basic Metal Materials & Methods Total 

 05100 - Structural Metal Framing 05120640 - Structural Steel Members

0302 Structural steel member, 100-ton project, 1 to 2 story building, W8x10, A992 1,648.0 LF 5.39 16.50 3.02 

steel, shop fabricated, incl shop primer, bolted connections

Structural Metal Framing Total 

 05500 - Metal Fabrications 05514500 - Ladder

0400 Ladder, shop fabricated, aluminum, 20" W, bolted to concrete, excl cage 75.0 vlft 23.29 64.50 1.64 

 05517700 - Stair

0400 Stair, shop fabricated, steel, 3'-6" W, incl pipe railing, stringers, cast iron treads 68.0 Riser 56.86 600.00 3.99 

w/ safety nosing, per riser

1500 Stair landing, shop fabricated, steel, conventional, incl framing, metal fan forms, 64.0 SF 12.40 75.00 0.87 

excl concrete for pan forms

 05520700 - Railing, Pipe

0210 Railing, pipe, aluminum, clear finish, 3 rails, 3'-6" high, posts @ 5' O.C., 1-1/2" 3,090.0 LF 14.45 71.00 1.02 

dia, shop fabricated

 05530300 - Floor Grating, Aluminum

0132 Floor grating, aluminum, 1-1/2" x 3/16" bearing bars @ 1-3/16" O.C., cross bars 6,180.0 SF 2.84 41.50 0.20 

@ 4" O.C., up to 300 S.F., field fabricated from panels

 05530360 - Grating Frame

0020 Grating frame, aluminum, 1" to 1-1/2" D, field fabricated 3,090.0 LF 6.89 2.88 

Metal Fabrications Total 

 08100 - Metal Doors And Frames 08110200 - Commercial Steel Doors

0100 Doors, hollow metal, commercial, steel, flush, full panel, hollow core, 11.0 EA 48.02 295.00 

1-3/8" thick, 20 ga., 3'-0" x 7'-0"
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 08110250 - Door Frames

0100 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 6" channel@ 8.2 5.0 EA 152.08 270.00 10.72 

lb/LF, 3' x 7' door, weighs 150 lb

0200 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 8" channel@ 3.0 EA 220.58 495.00 15.51 

11.5 lb/LF, 6' x 8' door, weighs 275 lb

Metal Doors And Frames Total 

 08300 - Specialty Doors 08310350 - Floor, Industrial

3020ds Doors, specialty, access, floor, industrial, aluminum, Gas/Watertight, H-20, 4.0 Opng 160.84 1,147.00 

single leaf, 3' x 3'

 08360550 - Overhead, Commercial

2700 Doors, overhead, commercial, stock, steel, heavy duty, sectional, manual, 24 2.0 EA 544.26 1,175.00 

gauge, 12' x 12' high

Specialty Doors Total 

 08700 - Hardware 08710300 - Door Closers

0015 Door hardware, door closer, rack and pinion 11.0 EA 62.75 148.00 

 08710340 - Doorstops

0020 Door hardware, doorstops, holder and bumper, floor or wall 11.0 EA 12.81 33.50 

 08710520 - Hinges

0100 Door hardware, hinges, full mortise, average frequency, steel base, USP, 16.5 pair 41.00 

5" x 5" 08710550 - Kick Plate

0020 Door hardware, kick plate, stainless steel, 6" high for 3' door 11.0 EA 27.53 31.00 

 08710700 - Mortise Lockset

0020 Door hardware, mortise lockset, commercial, wrought knobs and full 11.0 EA 45.46 175.00 

escutcheon trim, non-keyed, passage, minimum 08720300 - Weatherstripping, Window

2300 Weatherstripping, doors, metal frame, spring type, bronze, for 3' x 7' door 11.0 Opng 137.02 35.50 
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 08720800 - Thresholds

0500 Thresholds, bronze 33.0 LF 6.85 38.50 

Hardware Total 

 09900 - Paints & Coatings 09910640 - B & C coating specification

0030bc Coatings & paints 18,500.0 sqft 0.65 0.86 

Paints & Coatings Total 

 10100 - Visual Display Boards 10160100 - Toilet Partitions, Metal

1700 Toilet cubicles, floor mounted, painted metal 1.0 EA 146.47 545.00 7800 Urinal screen, wedge type, painted metal 1.0 EA 102.45 128.00 

Visual Display Boards Total 

 10800 - Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories 10810100 - Commercial Toilet Accessories

0610 Toilet Accessories, dispenser units, towel dispenser & waste receptacle, 18 1.0 EA 51.22 395.00 

gallon capacity

0900 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 24" long 1.0 EA 22.25 32.00 1100 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 36" long 1.0 EA 25.61 36.00 3200 Toilet Accessories, mirror, 48" x 24", with stainless steel 3/4" square frame 1.0 EA 51.22 173.00 4600 Toilet Accessories, soap dispenser, chrome, surface mounted, liquid 1.0 EA 25.61 47.50 6000 Toilet Accessories, toilet seat cover dispenser, stainless steel, recessed 1.0 EA 25.61 143.00 6200 Toilet Accessories, toilet tissue dispenser, stainless steel, surface mounted, 1.0 EA 21.29 24.00 

double roll

Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories Total 

 11000 - Equipment 11000100 - Process Equipment

0130do Pump, Submersible Lift, 2500 gpm, rail mounted 4.0 each 6,272.00 51,600.00 
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

0300IK Dewatering Polymer Feed System ( includes pumps ) 1.0 each 651.46 8,500.00 150.40 0522do Flare 1.0 each 2,714.40 30,000.00 240.64 0950 Belt conveyor, complete w/ walkway, supports,e-stop 1.0 each 7,000.00 7,000.00 1,000.00 1270 Pump, Aeration Basin Feed, centrifugal 4.0 each 4,800.00 16,200.00 1270 Pump, Anaerobic Wasteage, rotary lobe 6.0 each 4,800.00 10,750.00 1270 Pump, MBR RAS, centrifugal 6.0 each 4,800.00 24,750.00 1270 Pump, Centrate, submersible centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 30,600.00 1270 Pump, Centrifuge Feed, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 25,800.00 1270 Pump, caustic feed 4.0 each 700.00 5,000.00 NREL01 Anaerobic Treatment System 1.0 lsum 27,0NREL02 Membrane Bioreactor 1.0 lsum 356,250.00 4,750,000.00 142,500.00 NREL04 Reverse Osmosis Unit 6.0 each 24,997.50 333,500.00 9,999.00 NREL06 Blowers 1.0 lsum 128,310.00 1,150,000.00 50,385.00 NREL09 Centrifuge 3.0 each 156,000.00 1,950,000.00 58,500.00 NREL10 Aeration Grid and Air Piping 1.0 lsum 200,000.00 2,500,000.00 

 11001900 - Laboratory equipment

0320 Laboratory equip & furnishing, allowance 350.0 sqft 60.00 

Equipment Total 

 13120 - Pre-Engineered Structures 13128700 - Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings

0400 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 800.0 SF 7.83 9.65 4.37 

30' to 40' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

0900 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 6,000.0 SF 4.43 8.40 2.48 

50' to 100' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

Pre-Engineered Structures Total 

 13200 - Storage Tanks
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 13201200 - Elevated Storage Tanks

3300 Aboveground Storage Tanks, Steel, 380,000 gallons, incl. painting 1.0 EA 684,000.00 

Storage Tanks Total 

 15100 - Building Services Piping 15140800 - Water Hammer Arrestors / Shock Absorbers

0500 Water hammer arrester/shock absorber, copper, for 1 to 11 fixtures, 3/4" male 1.0 EA 52.89 17.00 

I.P.S.

Building Services Piping Total 

 15200 - Process Piping 15200030 - Pipe, Ductile Iron

0400B Allowance - Process Piping 1.0 lsum 837,400.00 1,675,000.00 120,000.00 0400C Allowance - small bore piping 1.0 lsum 23,000.00 23,000.00 

Process Piping Total 

 15400 - Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment 15411700 - Urinals

3120 Urinal, wall hung, vitreous china, with hanger & self-closing valve, blowout type 1.0 EA 401.97 385.00 3300 Urinal, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 426.02 240.00 

 15418450 - Lavatories

0640 Lavatory, vanity top, porcelain enamel on cast iron, white, oval, 33" x 19", 1.0 EA 188.96 505.00 

includes trim

 15418600 - Sinks

6790 Sink, service, floor, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 738.67 705.00 

 15418900 - Water Closets

0400 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, close coupled, two piece, 1.0 EA 226.75 555.00 

includes seat, supply pipe with stop

0960 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste, vent 1.0 EA 441.48 630.00 

and carrier

 15480200 - Water Heaters
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Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

1100 Water heater, residential, electric, glass lined tank, double element, 5 year, 52 1.0 EA 317.36 560.00 

gallon

Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment Total 

 15700 - Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment 15700100 - HVAC Allowance

0010 HVAC heating, cooling allowance 6,800.0 sqft 10.00 

Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment Total 

 16000 - Electrical and Instrumentation 16000000 - Electrical and Instrumentation

0001 Electrical, building wiring, switches, outlets 6,800.0 sqft 8.00 

0001 Electrical and Instrumentation Subcontract 1.0 lsum 4,300,000.00 

Electrical and Instrumentation Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

2/11/2011 - 7:26AM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

Grand Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

2/11/2011 - 7:26AM Category Percent Amount NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT - REVISION 1 TotalsLabor 8.69 % 5,278,840 Material 35.84 % 21,762,787Subcontractor 8.44 % 5,127,400Equipment 2.56 % 1,554,035 Other 44.46 % 27,000,000UserNet Costs 60,723,062Labor Mark-up 10.00 % 527,884Material/Process Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 1,741,023Subcontractor Mark-up 5.00 % 256,370Construction Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 124,323Sales tax 9.75 % 2,273,390Material Shipping & Handling 2.00 % 373,464Contractor General Conditions 10.00 % 6,601,952Subtotal 72,621,468Start-up, training, O & M 2.00 % 491,946Subtotal 73,113,413Construction Contingency 30.00 % 21,934,024Subtotal 95,047,437Bldg Risk, Liability Auto Ins. 2.00 % 1,900,949
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

2/11/2011 - 7:26AM Category Percent Amount Subtotal 96,948,386Bonds 1.50 % 1,454,226Subtotal 98,402,612Total NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT - REVISION 1 98,402,612
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

E 

Appendix E: Draft Design Basis Supporting Data


Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

High Confidence Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Lift Station No. 1

Lift Station No. 2

Lift Station No. 3

Lift Station No. 4

Anaerobic Basin Includes cover, recycle pumps, biogas blowers, and flare

Waste Anaerobic sludge (WANS) Pump No. 1 3.0

WANS Pump No. 2 3.0

WANS Pump No. 3 3.0

WANS Pump No. 4 3.0

WANS Pump No. 5 3.0

WANS Pump No. 6 3.0

DAF Feed Pump No. 1 15.0

DAF Feed Pump No. 2 15.0

DAF Feed Pump No. 3 15.0

DAF No. 1 304SS Tank and frame / 385 sf

DAF No. 2 304SS Tank and frame / 385 sf

Skimmer Motor No. 1 1.0

Skimmer Motor No. 2 1.0

DAF Recycle Pump No. 1 30.0

DAF Recycle Pump No. 2 30.0

DAF Effluent Wetwell

DAF Float Pump No. 1 1.5

DAF Float Pump No. 2 1.5

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 1 9.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 2 9.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 3 9.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 4 9.0

Aeration Basin No. 1 25 ft H x 119 ft x 357 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 132,698 cf 

concrete

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 1 of 4
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

High Confidence Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Aeration Basin No. 2 25 ft H x 119 ft x 357 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 132,698 cf 

concrete

Aeration Basin No. 3 25 ft H x 119 ft x 357 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 132,698 cf 

concrete

Membrane Tank No. 1 Vendor Package

Membrane Tank No. 2 Vendor Package

Membrane Tank No. 3 Vendor Package

Blower System 13 x 1000 HP Blower

RAS Pump No. 1 10.0

RAS Pump No. 2 10.0

RAS Pump No. 3 10.0

RAS Pump No. 4 10.0

RAS Pump No. 5 10.0

RAS Pump No. 6 10.0

Recycle Wetwell

Recycle Pump No. 1 20.0

Recycle Pump No. 2 20.0

Recycle Pump No. 3 20.0

Reverse Osmosis Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Reverse Osmosis

Evaporator Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Evaporator

Crystallizer Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Crystallizer

Conveyor

Polymer Addition System

Sludge Holding Tank Bolted Steel. H=30', Dia=57'.

Centrifuge Feed Pump No.1 7.5

Centrifuge Feed Pump No.2 7.5

Asbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 1 145.0 275 gpm capacity.

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 2 of 4
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

High Confidence Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Asbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 2 145.0 275 gpm capacity.

Asbrook CQ700 Centrifuge No. 3 145.0 275 gpm capacity.

Centrate Pump No. 1 10.0

Centrate Pump No. 2 10.0

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 3 of 4
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

High Confidence Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 4 of 4
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

Low Cost Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Lift Station No. 1

Lift Station No. 2

Lift Station No. 3

Lift Station No. 4

Anaerobic Basin Includes cover, recycle pumps, biogas blowers, and flare

Waste Anaerobic Sludge (WANS) Pump No. 1 3.0

WANS Pump No. 2 3.0

WANS Pump No. 3 3.0

WANS Pump No. 4 3.0

WANS Pump No. 5 3.0

WANS Pump No. 6 3.0

Anaerobic Effluent Wetwell

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 1 12.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 2 12.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 3 12.0

Aeration Basin Feed Pump No. 4 12.0

Aeration Basin No. 1

25 ft H x 110 ft x 331 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 117,013 cf concrete

Aeration Basin No. 2

25 ft H x 110 ft x 331 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 117,013 cf concrete

Aeration Basin No. 3

25 ft H x 110 ft x 331 ft / 2 ft floor and wall thickness / 117,013 cf concrete

Membrane Tank No. 1 Vendor package

Membrane Tank No. 2 Vendor package

Membrane Tank No. 3 Vendor package

Blower System 14 x 1000 HP Blower

RAS Pump No. 1 7.0

RAS Pump No. 2 7.0

RAS Pump No. 3 7.0

RAS Pump No. 4 7.0

RAS Pump No. 5 7.0

RAS Pump No. 6 7.0

Reverse Osmosis Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 1 of 3
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

Low Cost Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Reverse Osmosis

Evaporator Feed Pump Part of vendor package.

Evaporator

Conveyor

Polymer Addition System

Sludge Holding Tank Bolted Steel. H=25', Dia=27'.

Belt Filter Press Feed Pump No.1 5.0

Belt Filter Press Feed Pump No.2 5.0

Phoenix WX-3.0H8 Belt Filter Press No. 1 12.0

Phoenix WX-3.0H8 Belt Filter Press No. 2 12.0

Phoenix WX-3.0H8 Belt Filter Press No. 2 12.0

Filtrate Pump No. 1 8.0

Filtrate Pump No. 2 8.0

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 2 of 3
Harris Group, Inc.

NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation

Low Cost Major Equipment List

 12/21/2010

Equipment Name HP Notes

Prepared by Brown and Caldwell Page 3 of 3
Memorandum 

6962 Deframe Ct. 

Arvada, Colorado 80004 

Tel: 303-284-3058 

Fax: 303-284-3354 

Date: December 17, 2010

To: Thomas Steinwinder, Nashville 

From: Bob Ferguson, Arvada

Reviewed by: Butch Matthews, Jacksonville

Project Number: 139649 

Subject: National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

 Conceptual Design Completion 

 Basis of Estimate of Probable Construction 

The Basis of Estimate Report for the subject project is attached. Please call me if you have questions or need 

additional information. 

RAF:bf 

Enclosures (2) 

1. Summary Estimate 

2. Detailed Estimate 
BASIS OF ESTIMATE REPORT 

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT EVALUATION – CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 

Introduction 

Brown and Caldwell (BC) is pleased to present this estimate of probable construction cost (estimate) prepared 

for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wastewater Treatment, Harris Group, Inc. 

Summary 

This Basis of Estimate contains the following information: 

• Scope of work 

• Background of this estimate 

• Class of estimate 

• Estimating methodology 

• Direct cost development 

• Indirect cost development 

• Bidding assumptions 

• Estimating assumptions 

• Estimating exclusions 

• Allowances for known but undefined work 

• Contractor and other estimate markups 

Scope of Work 

This estimate evaluates the cost of two wastewater treatment options, Low Cost Scenario and High 

Confidence Scenario, for the Harris Group, Inc., National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The 

design documents are conceptual in nature and a specific location for the facility is undetermined other than 

it will be a Greenfield construction site located in the mid-west part of the country. Treatment consists of 

anaerobic system, membrane bioreactor, and reverse osmosis treatment for both scenarios with the inclusion 

of dissolved air floatation for the high confidence scenario. 

Background of this Estimate 

The attached estimate of probable construction cost is based on documents dated December 2010, received 

by the ESG. These documents are described as conceptual design based on the current project progression, 

additional or updated scope and/or quantities, and ongoing discussions with the project team. Further 

information can be found in the detailed estimate reports. 

Class of Estimate 

In accordance with the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International (AACE) criteria, 

this is a Class 4 estimate. A Class 4 estimate is defined as a Planning Level or Design Technical Feasibility 

Estimate. Typically, engineering is from 1 percent to 15 percent complete. Class 4 estimates are used to 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

prepare planning level cost scopes or to evaluate alternatives in design conditions and form the base work for 

the Class 3 Project Budget or Funding Estimate. 

Expected accuracy for Class 4 estimates typically range from -30 percent to +50 percent, depending on the 

technological complexity of the project, appropriate reference information, and the inclusion of an 

appropriate contingency determination. In unusual circumstances, ranges could exceed those shown. 

Estimating Methodology 

This estimate was prepared using quantity take-offs, vendor quotes, and equipment pricing furnished either 

by the project team or by the estimator. The estimate includes direct labor costs, including a shift differential 

if applicable, and anticipated productivity adjustments to labor, and equipment. Where possible, estimates for 

work anticipated to be performed by specialty subcontractors have been identified. 

Construction labor crew and equipment hours were calculated from production rates contained in documents 

and electronic databases published by R.S. Means, Mechanical Contractors Association (MCA), National 

Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), and Rental Rate Blue Book for Construction Equipment (Blue 

Book). 

This estimate was prepared using BC’s estimating system, which consists of a Windows-based commercial 

estimating software engine using BC’s material and labor database, historical project data, the latest vendor 

and material cost information, and other costs specific to the project locale. 

Direct Cost Development 

Costs associated with the General Provisions and the Special Provisions of the construction documents, 

which are collectively referred to as Contractor General Conditions (CGC), were based on the estimator’s 

interpretation of the contract documents. The estimates for CGCs are divided into two groups: a timerelated group (e.g., field personnel), and non-time-related group (e.g., bonds and insurance). Labor burdens 

such as health and welfare, vacation, union benefits, payroll taxes, and workers compensation insurance are 

included in the labor rates. No trade discounts were considered. 

Indirect Cost Development 

Local sales tax has been applied to material and equipment rentals. For the purpose of this cost comparison 

an assumed tax rate of 9.75% was used. A percentage allowance for contractor’s home office expense has 

been included in the overall rate markups. The rate is standard for this type of heavy construction and is 

based on typical percentages outlined in Means Heavy Construction Cost Data, 2010. 

The contractor’s cost for builders risk, general liability, and vehicle insurance has been included in this 

estimate. Based on historical data, this is typically two to four percent of the overall construction contract 

amount. These indirect costs have been included in this estimate as a percentage of the gross cost, and are 

added to the net totals after the net markups have been applied to the appropriate items. 

Bidding Assumptions 

The following bidding assumptions were considered in the development of this estimate. 

1. Bidders must hold a valid, current Contractor’s credentials, applicable to the type of project. 

2. Bidders will develop estimates with a competitive approach to material pricing and labor productivity, and 

will not include allowances for changes, extra work, unforeseen conditions, or any other unplanned costs. 

3. Estimated costs are based on a minimum of four bidders. Actual bid prices may increase for fewer 

bidders or decrease for a greater number of bidders. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

4. Bidders will account for General Provisions and Special Provisions of the contract documents and will 

perform all work except that which will be performed by traditional specialty subcontractors as identified 

here: 

• Electrical 

• Miscellaneous metalwork 

• Thermal/moisture proofing 

• HVAC systems 

• Painting 

• Plumbing 

• Steel tank erection 

Estimating Assumptions 

As the design progresses through different completion stages, it is customary for the estimator to make 

assumptions to account for details that may not be evident from the documents. The following assumptions 

were used in the development of this estimate. 

1. Contractor performs the work during normal daylight hours, nominally 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, in an 8-hour shift. No allowance has been made for additional shift work or weekend work. 

2. Contractor has complete access for lay-down areas and mobile equipment. 

3. Equipment rental rates are based on verifiable pricing from the local project area rental yards, Blue Book 

rates, and/or rates contained in the estimating database. 

4. Contractor markup is based on conventionally accepted values that have been adjusted for project-area 

economic factors. 

5. Major equipment costs are based on both vendor supplied price quotes obtained by the project design 

team and/or estimators, and on historical pricing of like equipment. 

6. Process equipment vendor training using vendors’ standard Operations and Maintenance (O&M) material, 

is included in the purchase price of major equipment items where so stated in that quotation. 

7. Bulk material quantities are based on manual quantity take-offs. 

8. There is sufficient electrical power to feed the specified equipment. The local power company will supply 

power and transformers suitable for this facility. 

9. Soils are of adequate nature to support the structures. No piles have been included in this estimate. 

10. Site work assumes a Greenfield site requiring no clearing and minimal grading for site preparation. 

11.Aeration basins are cast-in-place concrete partially buried in the ground (15-foot) and partially 

aboveground (10-foot). 

12.No groundwater or rock is included in the excavations. 

13.Equipment not located within buildings will be founded on concrete slab-on-grade with thickened edge 

for frost protection. 

14.Building will be concrete slab-on-grade with thickened edge for frost protection and pre-engineered steel 

structures. 

15.DAF wetwell will be in-ground cast-in-place concrete construction. 

16. Lift stations at the aeration basins will be precast concrete manholes with rail mounted submersible 

pumps. Electrical panels will be located in outside enclosures adjacent to the manholes. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

17.The biomass boiler/burner building shown on the conceptual drawings is outside the scope of the 

estimate and is therefore not included in the costs. 

18.Equipment pricing is based on quotes from previous projects. Quotes have not been obtained at this 

conceptual stage. 

19. Process piping and yard piping is unknown at this conceptual stage. Allowances are included in the 

estimate to cover the cost of materials, supports, installation, and testing. 

20.It is assumed that the selected site will have adequate space for construction and construction staging and 

off-site facilities of storage will not be required. 

21. Site civil work in unknown at this conceptual stage but is assumed to me minimal including some paving 

and walkways between process facilities. An allowance was included in the estimate to cover the cost of 

site work. 

Estimating Exclusions 

The following estimating exclusions were assumed in the development of this estimate. 

1. Hazardous materials remediation and/or disposal. 

2. O&M costs for the project with the exception of the vendor supplied O&M manuals. 

3. Utility agency costs for incoming power modifications. 

4. Permits beyond those normally needed for the type of project and project conditions. 

Allowances for Known but Undefined Work 

The following allowances were made in the development of this estimate. 

1. Site civil and yard piping 

2. Process piping 

3. HVAC 

4. Building electrical 

5. Electrical/Instrumentation 

Contractor and Other Estimate Markups 

Contractor markup is based on conventionally accepted values which have been adjusted for project-area 

economic factors. Estimate markups are shown in Table 1. 

Table 1. Estimate Markups, December 2010

Item Rate, percent 

Prime Contractor 

 Labor (employer payroll burden) 10 

 Materials and process equipment 8 

 Equipment (construction-related) 8 

 Subcontractor 5 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

Table 1. Estimate Markups, December 2010

Item Rate, percent 

 Sales Tax (State and local for materials, process equipment and construction equipment rentals, etc.) 9.75 

 Startup, Training, O&M 2 

 Builder’s Risk, Liability, and Vehicle Insurance 2 

 Material Shipping and Handling 2 

Subcontractor Markups Same as Prime 

Escalation to Midpoint of Construction (not included for this estimate) 0 

Contingency 30 

Performance and Payment Bonds 1.5 

Labor Markup. The labor rates used in the estimate were derived chiefly from the latest published State 

Prevailing Wage Rates. These rates include costs beyond raw labor for such items as Payroll Tax and 

Insurance (PT&I), FICA, and Workers Compensation Insurance. In addition to these markups, the General 

Contractor (GC) typically adds a percentage to each raw labor dollar to cover overhead and profit, payroll and 

accounting costs, additional insurance, retirement, 401k contributions, and sick leave/vacation cost. 

Materials and Process Equipment Markup. This markup consists of the additional cost to the 

contractor beyond the raw dollar amount for material and process equipment. This includes shop drawing 

preparation, submittal and/or re-submittal cost, purchasing and scheduling materials and equipment, 

accounting charges including invoicing and payment, inspection of received goods, receiving, storage, 

overhead and profit. 

Equipment (Construction) Markup. This markup consists of the costs associated with operating the 

construction equipment used in the project. Most GCs will rent rather than own the equipment and then 

charge each project for its equipment cost. The equipment rental cost does not include fuel, delivery and 

pick-up charges, additional insurance requirements on rental equipment, accounting costs related to home 

office receiving invoices and payment. However, the crew rates used in the estimate do account for the 

equipment rental cost. Occasionally, larger contractors will have some or all of the equipment needed for the 

job, but in order to recoup their initial purchasing cost they will charge the project an internal rate for 

equipment use which is similar to the rental cost of equipment. The GC will apply an overhead and profit 

percentage to each individual piece of equipment whether rented or owned. 

Subcontractor Markup. This markup consists of the GC’s costs for subcontractors who perform work 

on the site. This includes costs associated with shop drawings, review of subcontractor’s submittals, 

scheduling of subcontractor work, inspections, processing of payment requests, home office accounting, and 

overhead and profit on subcontracts. 

Sales Tax (Materials, Process Equipment and Construction Equipment). This is the tax 

that the contractor must pay according to state and local tax laws. The percentage is applied to both the 

material and equipment the GC purchases as well as the cost for rental equipment. The percentage is based 

on the local rates in place at the time the estimate was prepared. 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

Contractor Startup, Training, and O&M Manuals. This cost markup is often confused with either 

vendor startup or owner startup. It is the cost the GC incurs on the project beyond the vendor startup and 

owner startup costs. The GC generally will have project personnel assigned to facilitate the installation, 

testing, startup, and O&M Manual preparation for equipment that is put into operation by either the vendor 

or owner. These project personnel often include an electrician, pipe fitter or millwright, and/or I&E 

technician. These personnel are not included in the basic crew makeup to install the equipment but are there 

to assist and trouble shoot the startup and proper running of the equipment. The GC also incurs a cost for 

startup for such things as consumables (oil, fuel, filters, etc.), startup drawings and schedules, startup 

meetings, and coordination with the plant personnel in other areas of the plant operation. 

Builders Risk, Liability, and Vehicle Insurance. This percentage comprises all three items. 

There are many factors which make up this percentage, including the contractor’s track record for claims in 

each of the categories. Another factor affecting insurance rates has been a dramatic price increase across the 

country over the past several years due to domestic and foreign influences. Consequently, in the construction 

industry we have observed a range of 0.5 to 1 percent for Builders Risk Insurance, 1 to 1.25 percent for 

General Liability Insurance, and 0.85 to 1 percent for Vehicle Insurance. Many factors affect each area of 

insurance, including project complexity, and contractor’s requirements and history. Instead of using numbers 

from a select few contractors, we believe it is more prudent to use a combined 2 percent to better reflect the 

general costs across the country. Consequently, the actual cost could be higher or lower based on the bidder, 

region, insurance climate, and on the contractor’s insurability at the time the project is bid. 

Material Shipping and Handling. This can range from 2 percent to 6 percent, and is based on the 

type of project, material makeup of the project, and the region and location of the project. Material shipping 

and handling covers delivery costs from vendors, unloading costs (and in some instances loading and 

shipment back to vendors for rebuilt equipment), site paper work, and inspection of materials prior to 

unloading at the project site. BC typically adjusts this percentage by the amount of materials and whether 

vendors have included shipping costs in the quotes that were used to prepare the estimate. This cost also 

includes the GC’s cost to obtain local supplies, e.g., oil, gaskets, and bolts that may be missing from the 

equipment or materials shipped. 

Escalation to Midpoint for Labor, Materials and Subcontractors. In addition to 

contingency, it is customary for projects that will be built over several years to include an escalation to 

midpoint of anticipated construction to account for the future escalation of labor, material, and equipment 

costs beyond values at the time the estimate is prepared. For this project escalation was not included in the 

estimate since the timing of the project is unknown. The estimate is given in today’s dollars. 

Construction Contingency. The contingency factor covers unforeseen conditions, area economic 

factors, and general project complexity. This contingency is used to account for those factors that can not be 

addressed in each of the labor and/or material installation costs. Based on industry standards, completeness 

of the project documents, project complexity, the current design stage, and area factors, construction 

contingency can range from 10 percent to 50 percent. 

Range of Accuracy. The amount of contingency in the estimate should not be confused with the 

accuracy of the estimate. The Expected Accuracy Range defines the window within which the bids are 

expected to fall based on the project complexity, information available during the estimate process, outside 

influences (wage rates, material, bidding climate), and includes a level of contingency appropriate to the 

project definition at the time the estimate was prepared. It is important to understand that AACEI notes on 

its ranges of accuracy that, 
NREL Wastewater Treatment Evaluation 

December 17, 2010 

“The state of process technology and availability of applicable reference cost data affect the range 

markedly. The +/- value [of the ranges] represents typical percentage variation of actual costs from 

the cost estimate after application of contingency (typically at a 50 percent level of confidence) for 

given scope.” 

While a 50-percent level of confidence in the contingency may seem broad, typically this results in a 90-

percent confidence that the actual cost will fall within the bounds of the low and high ranges. 

The caution here is that these estimates are not what are often referred to as “bid quality,” i.e., estimates 

prepared by contractors who are receiving competitive bids from subcontractors, equipment vendors, and 

materials suppliers. In general, we receive reasonable budget values from those willing to provide quotations. 

Performance and Payment Bonds. Based on historical and industry data, this can range from 0.75 

percent to 3 percent of the project total. There are several contributing factors including such items as size of 

the project, regional costs, contractor’s historical record on similar projects, complexity, and current bonding 

limits. BC uses 1.5 percent for bonds, which we have determined to be reasonable for most heavy 

construction projects. 
SUMMARY ESTIMATE REPORT 

WITH MARK-UPS ALLOCATED

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Project Number: 139646

BC Project Manager: THOMAS STEINWINDER

BC Office: NASHVILLE

Estimate Issue Number: 01

Estimate Original Issue Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

Lead Estimator: BOB FERGUSON

Estimate QA/QC Reviewer: BUTCH MATTHEWS

Estimate QA/QC Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

INDEX1 - LOW COST SCENARIO2 - HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:24PM 

Description  LOW COST SCENARIO  NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION 02 - Site Construction  03 - Concrete  05 - Metals  08 - Doors & Windows  09 - Finishes  10 - Specialties  11 - Equipment  13 - Special Construction  15 - Mechanical  16 - Electrical 

NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALU

 HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO  NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION 02 - Site Construction  03 - Concrete  05 - Metals  08 - Doors & Windows  09 - Finishes  10 - Specialties  11 - Equipment  13 - Special Construction  15 - Mechanical  16 - Electrical 

NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALU
DETAILED ESTIMATE REPORT

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM

Project Number: 139646

BC Project Manager: THOMAS STEINWINDER

BC Office: NASHVILLE

Estimate Issue Number: 01

Estimate Original Issue Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

Lead Estimator: BOB FERGUSON

Estimate QA/QC Reviewer: BUTCH MATTHEWS

Estimate QA/QC Date: DECEMBER 17, 2010

INDEX1 - LOW COST SCENARIO2 - HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

LOW COST SCENARIO NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION  02000 - Site Civil Work 02000000 - General Civil Work

0990 Allowance - Site Work 1.0 lsum 69,600.00 69,600.00 24,000.00 

Site Civil Work Total 

 02300 - Earthwork 02315120 - Backfill, Structural

4420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 200 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 73.6 L.C.Y. 0.78 1.53 

5420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 300 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 20,258.2 L.C.Y. 0.43 1.09 

 02315310 - Compaction, General

7000 Compaction, around structures and trenches, 2 passes, 18" wide, 6" lifts, 20,550.7 E.C.Y. 1.77 0.17 

walk behind, vibrating plate

7500 Compaction, 2 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 66.2 E.C.Y. 1.38 0.36 7520 Compaction, 3 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 328.5 E.C.Y. 2.06 0.54 7540 Compaction, 4 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 666.4 E.C.Y. 2.76 0.72 

 02315424 - Excavating, Bulk Bank Measure

4400 Excavating, bulk bank measure, in sheeting or cofferdam, with all other 71,615.5 B.C.Y. 4.77 7.13 

equipment, minimum

 02315492 - Hauling

0009 Loading Trucks, F.E. Loader, 3 C.Y. 71,039.4 cuyd 0.59 1.06 4298 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 73,894.5 L.C.Y. 1.65 3.17 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 20 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment

4498 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 1,778.2 L.C.Y. 1.83 3.52 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 25 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment 02315610 - Excavating, Trench
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0060 Excavating, trench or continuous footing, common earth, 1/2 C.Y. 1,693.7 B.C.Y. 3.78 1.79 

excavator, 1' to 4' deep, excludes sheeting or dewatering 02315640 - Utility Bedding

0100 Fill by borrow and utility bedding, for pipe and conduit, crushed stone, 5,404.6 L.C.Y. 7.21 43.50 2.04 

3/4" to 1/2", excludes compaction

Earthwork Total 

 02600 - Drainage & Containment 02630400 - Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames & Covers

1210 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, concrete, precast, 6' inside 4.0 EA 1,085.14 2,375.00 306.13 

diameter, 8' deep, excludes footing, excavation, backfill, frame and cover

1500 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, precast concrete, 6' diameter 4.0 EA 154.83 595.00 43.73 

manhole, 8" thick top

4100 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, steps, standard sizes, 42.0 EA 10.95 25.50 

aluminum

Drainage & Containment Total 

 03100 - Concrete Forms & Accessories 03110445 - Forms In Place, Slab On Grade

3050 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, edge, wood, 7" to 12" high, 4 use, 3,956.0 sfca 3.64 0.74 

includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

3550 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, depressed, edge, wood, 12" to 24" high, 4 4,944.0 LF 9.01 0.76 

use, includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

 03110455 - Forms In Place, Walls

2550 C.I.P. concrete forms, wall, job built, plywood, 8 to 16' high, 4 use, includes 123,600.0 sfca 6.19 0.78 

erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

 03150860 - Waterstop

0600 Waterstop, PVC, ribbed, with center bulb, 3/8" thick x 9" wide 4,944.0 LF 3.28 4.50 

Concrete Forms & Accessories Total 

 03200 - Concrete Reinforcement 03210600 - Reinforcing In Place
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0602 Reinforcing steel, in place, slab on grade, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl 1,002,892.5 lb 0.46 0.44 

labor for accessories, excl material for accessories

0702 Reinforcing steel, in place, walls, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl labor for 591,518.0 lb 0.33 0.44 

accessories, excl material for accessories

2000 Reinforcing steel, unload and sort, add to base 820.7 ton 32.60 8.22 2210 Reinforcing steel, crane cost for handling, average, add 820.7 ton 35.26 8.95 2450 Reinforcing steel, in place, dowels, deformed, A615, grade 60, longer and 46,591.1 lb 1.33 0.55 

heavier, add

Concrete Reinforcement Total 

 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete 03310220 - Concrete, Ready Mix Normal Weight

0300 Structural concrete, ready mix, normal weight, 4000 PSI, includes local 12,497.9 CY 106.00 

aggregate, sand, Portland cement and water, delivered, excludes alladditives and treatments 03310700 - Placing Concrete

4650 Structural concrete, placing, slab on grade, pumped, over 6" thick, 7,920.1 CY 16.14 4.44 

includes vibrating, excludes material

5350 Structural concrete, placing, walls, pumped, 15" thick, includes vibrating, 4,577.8 CY 24.86 6.87 

excludes material

 03350300 - Finishing Floors

0150 Concrete finishing, floors, manual screed, bull float, manual float, broom 113,335.8 SF 0.65 

finish 03350350 - Finishing Walls

0150 Concrete finishing, walls, carborundum rub, wet, includes breaking ties and 88,992.0 SF 2.39 

patching voids

Cast-In-Place Concrete Total 

 05100 - Structural Metal Framing 05120640 - Structural Steel Members

0302 Structural steel member, 100-ton project, 1 to 2 story building, W8x10, A992 1,648.0 LF 5.39 16.50 3.02 

steel, shop fabricated, incl shop primer, bolted connections

Structural Metal Framing Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 05500 - Metal Fabrications 05514500 - Ladder

0400 Ladder, shop fabricated, aluminum, 20" W, bolted to concrete, excl cage 75.0 vlft 23.29 64.50 1.64 

 05517700 - Stair

0400 Stair, shop fabricated, steel, 3'-6" W, incl pipe railing, stringers, cast iron treads 68.0 Riser 56.86 600.00 3.99 

w/ safety nosing, per riser

1500 Stair landing, shop fabricated, steel, conventional, incl framing, metal fan forms, 64.0 SF 12.40 75.00 0.87 

excl concrete for pan forms

 05520700 - Railing, Pipe

0210 Railing, pipe, aluminum, clear finish, 3 rails, 3'-6" high, posts @ 5' O.C., 1-1/2" 3,090.0 LF 14.45 71.00 1.02 

dia, shop fabricated

 05530300 - Floor Grating, Aluminum

0132 Floor grating, aluminum, 1-1/2" x 3/16" bearing bars @ 1-3/16" O.C., cross bars 6,180.0 SF 2.84 41.50 0.20 

@ 4" O.C., up to 300 S.F., field fabricated from panels

 05530360 - Grating Frame

0020 Grating frame, aluminum, 1" to 1-1/2" D, field fabricated 3,090.0 LF 6.89 2.88 

Metal Fabrications Total 

 08100 - Metal Doors And Frames 08110200 - Commercial Steel Doors

0100 Doors, hollow metal, commercial, steel, flush, full panel, hollow core, 15.0 EA 48.02 295.00 

1-3/8" thick, 20 ga., 3'-0" x 7'-0" 08110250 - Door Frames

0100 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 6" channel@ 8.2 7.0 EA 152.08 270.00 10.72 

lb/LF, 3' x 7' door, weighs 150 lb

0200 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 8" channel@ 4.0 EA 220.58 495.00 15.51 

11.5 lb/LF, 6' x 8' door, weighs 275 lb

Metal Doors And Frames Total 

 08300 - Specialty Doors 08310350 - Floor, Industrial
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

3020ds Doors, specialty, access, floor, industrial, aluminum, Gas/Watertight, H-20, 4.0 Opng 160.84 1,147.00 

single leaf, 3' x 3'

 08360550 - Overhead, Commercial

2700 Doors, overhead, commercial, stock, steel, heavy duty, sectional, 3.0 EA 544.26 1,175.00 

manual, 24 gauge, 12' x 12' high

Specialty Doors Total 

 08700 - Hardware 08710300 - Door Closers

0015 Door hardware, door closer, rack and pinion 15.0 EA 62.75 148.00 

 08710340 - Doorstops

0020 Door hardware, doorstops, holder and bumper, floor or wall 15.0 EA 12.81 33.50 

 08710520 - Hinges

0100 Door hardware, hinges, full mortise, average frequency, steel base, USP, 22.5 pair 41.00 

5" x 5" 08710550 - Kick Plate

0020 Door hardware, kick plate, stainless steel, 6" high for 3' door 15.0 EA 27.53 31.00 

 08710700 - Mortise Lockset

0020 Door hardware, mortise lockset, commercial, wrought knobs and full 15.0 EA 45.46 175.00 

escutcheon trim, non-keyed, passage, minimum 08720300 - Weatherstripping, Window

2300 Weatherstripping, doors, metal frame, spring type, bronze, for 3' x 7' door 15.0 Opng 137.02 35.50 

 08720800 - Thresholds

0500 Thresholds, bronze 45.0 LF 6.85 38.50 

Hardware Total 

 09900 - Paints & Coatings 09910640 - B & C coating specification

0030bc Coatings & paints 18,500.0 sqft 0.65 0.86 

Paints & Coatings Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 10100 - Visual Display Boards 10160100 - Toilet Partitions, Metal

1700 Toilet cubicles, floor mounted, painted metal 1.0 EA 146.47 545.00 7800 Urinal screen, wedge type, painted metal 1.0 EA 102.45 128.00 

Visual Display Boards Total 

 10800 - Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories 10810100 - Commercial Toilet Accessories

0610 Toilet Accessories, dispenser units, towel dispenser & waste receptacle, 18 1.0 EA 51.22 395.00 

gallon capacity

0900 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 24" long 1.0 EA 22.25 32.00 1100 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 36" long 1.0 EA 25.61 36.00 3200 Toilet Accessories, mirror, 48" x 24", with stainless steel 3/4" square frame 1.0 EA 51.22 173.00 4600 Toilet Accessories, soap dispenser, chrome, surface mounted, liquid 1.0 EA 25.61 47.50 6000 Toilet Accessories, toilet seat cover dispenser, stainless steel, recessed 1.0 EA 25.61 143.00 6200 Toilet Accessories, toilet tissue dispenser, stainless steel, surface mounted, 1.0 EA 21.29 24.00 

double roll

Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories Total 

 11000 - Equipment 11000100 - Process Equipment

0130do Pump, Submersible Lift, 2500 gpm, rail mounted 4.0 each 6,272.00 51,600.00 0300IK Dewatering Polymer Feed System ( includes pumps ) 1.0 each 651.46 8,500.00 150.40 0950 Belt conveyor, complete w/ walkway, supports,e-stop 1.0 each 7,000.00 7,000.00 1,000.00 1270 Pump, Aeration Basin Feed, submersible centrifugal 3.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 1270 Pump, Anaerobic Wasteage, rotary lobe 6.0 each 4,800.00 10,750.00 1270 Pump, MBR RAS, centrifugal 6.0 each 4,800.00 19,950.00 1270 Pump, MBR WAS, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 1270 Pump, Filtrate, submersible centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

1270 Pump, Belt Filter Press, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 NREL01 Anaerobic Treatment System 1.0 lsum 30,0NREL02 Membrane Bioreactor 1.0 lsum 262,500.00 3,500,000.00 105,000.00 NREL03 Belt Filter Press 3.0 each 22,500.00 300,000.00 9,000.00 NREL04 Reverse Osmosis Unit 5.0 each 24,997.50 333,300.00 9,999.00 NREL05 Evaporator 1.0 lsum 243,750.00 3,250,000.00 97,500.00 NREL06 Blowers 1.0 lsum 225,000.00 3,000,000.00 90,000.00 NREL10 Aeration Grid and Air Piping 1.0 lsum 200,000.00 2,500,000.00 

 11001900 - Laboratory equipment

0320 Laboratory equip & furnishing, allowance 350.0 sqft 

Equipment Total 

 13120 - Pre-Engineered Structures 13128700 - Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings

0400 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 800.0 SF 7.83 9.65 4.37 

30' to 40' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

0900 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 6,600.0 SF 4.43 8.40 2.48 

50' to 100' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

1100 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 1,000.0 SF 5.35 29.95 3.00 

50' to 100' W x 60' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

Pre-Engineered Structures Total 

 13200 - Storage Tanks 13201200 - Elevated Storage Tanks

3300 Aboveground Storage Tanks, Steel, 100,000 gallons, incl. painting 1.0 EA 250,000.00 

Storage Tanks Total 

 15100 - Building Services Piping 15140800 - Water Hammer Arrestors / Shock Absorbers
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

0500 Water hammer arrester/shock absorber, copper, for 1 to 11 fixtures, 3/4" male 1.0 EA 52.89 17.00 

I.P.S.

Building Services Piping Total 

 15200 - Process Piping 15200030 - Pipe, Ductile Iron

0400B Allowance - Process Piping 1.0 lsum 910,200.00 1,820,400.00 120,000.00 0400C Allowance - small bore piping 1.0 lsum 25,000.00 25,000.00 

Process Piping Total 

 15400 - Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment 15411700 - Urinals

3120 Urinal, wall hung, vitreous china, with hanger & self-closing valve, blowout type 1.0 EA 401.97 385.00 3300 Urinal, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 426.02 240.00 

 15418450 - Lavatories

0640 Lavatory, vanity top, porcelain enamel on cast iron, white, oval, 33" x 19", 1.0 EA 188.96 505.00 

includes trim

 15418600 - Sinks

6790 Sink, service, floor, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 738.67 705.00 

 15418900 - Water Closets

0400 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, close coupled, two piece, 1.0 EA 226.75 555.00 

includes seat, supply pipe with stop

0960 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste, vent 1.0 EA 441.48 630.00 

and carrier

 15480200 - Water Heaters

1100 Water heater, residential, electric, glass lined tank, double element, 5 year, 52 1.0 EA 317.36 560.00 

gallon

Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment Total 

 15700 - Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment 15700100 - HVAC Allowance

0010 HVAC heating, cooling allowance 8,400.0 sqft 10.00 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment Total 

 16000 - Electrical and Instrumentation 16000000 - Electrical and Instrumentation

0001 Electrical, building wiring, switches, outlets 8,400.0 sqft 8.00 

0001 Electrical and Instrumentation Subcontract 1.0 lsum 4,600,000.00 

Electrical and Instrumentation Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO NREL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION  02000 - Site Civil Work 02000000 - General Civil Work

0990 Allowance - Site Work 1.0 lsum 96,000.00 96,000.00 33,600.00 

Site Civil Work Total 

 02300 - Earthwork 02315120 - Backfill, Structural

4420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 200 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 184.4 L.C.Y. 0.78 1.53 

5420 Backfill, structural, common earth, 300 H.P. dozer, 300' haul 20,258.2 L.C.Y. 0.43 1.09 

 02315310 - Compaction, General

7000 Compaction, around structures and trenches, 2 passes, 18" wide, 6" lifts, 20,550.7 E.C.Y. 1.77 0.17 

walk behind, vibrating plate

7500 Compaction, 2 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 166.0 E.C.Y. 1.38 0.36 7520 Compaction, 3 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 385.0 E.C.Y. 2.06 0.54 7540 Compaction, 4 passes, 24" wide, 6" lifts, walk behind, vibrating roller 887.0 E.C.Y. 2.76 0.72 

 02315424 - Excavating, Bulk Bank Measure

4400 Excavating, bulk bank measure, in sheeting or cofferdam, with all other 71,615.5 B.C.Y. 4.77 7.13 

equipment, minimum

 02315492 - Hauling

0009 Loading Trucks, F.E. Loader, 3 C.Y. 71,338.4 cuyd 0.59 1.06 4298 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 73,894.5 L.C.Y. 1.65 3.17 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 20 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment

4498 Cycle hauling(wait, load,travel, unload or dump & return) time per cycle, 2,077.2 L.C.Y. 1.83 3.52 

excavated or borrow, loose cubic yards, 25 min load/wait/unload, 20 CYtruck, cycle 20 miles, 45 MPH, no loading equipment 02315610 - Excavating, Trench
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0060 Excavating, trench or continuous footing, common earth, 1/2 C.Y. 2,060.2 B.C.Y. 3.78 1.79 

excavator, 1' to 4' deep, excludes sheeting or dewatering 02315640 - Utility Bedding

0100 Fill by borrow and utility bedding, for pipe and conduit, crushed stone, 5,640.3 L.C.Y. 7.21 43.50 2.04 

3/4" to 1/2", excludes compaction

Earthwork Total 

 02600 - Drainage & Containment 02630400 - Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames & Covers

1210 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, concrete, precast, 6' inside 4.0 EA 1,085.14 2,375.00 306.13 

diameter, 8' deep, excludes footing, excavation, backfill, frame and cover

1500 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, precast concrete, 6' diameter 4.0 EA 154.83 595.00 43.73 

manhole, 8" thick top

4100 Storm Drainage Manholes, Frames, and Covers, steps, standard sizes, 42.0 EA 10.95 25.50 

aluminum

Drainage & Containment Total 

 03100 - Concrete Forms & Accessories 03110445 - Forms In Place, Slab On Grade

3050 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, edge, wood, 7" to 12" high, 4 use, 5,108.0 sfca 3.64 0.74 

includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

3550 C.I.P. concrete forms, slab on grade, depressed, edge, wood, 12" to 24" high, 4 4,944.0 LF 9.01 0.76 

use, includes erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

 03110455 - Forms In Place, Walls

2550 C.I.P. concrete forms, wall, job built, plywood, 8 to 16' high, 4 use, includes 123,600.0 sfca 6.19 0.78 

erecting, bracing, stripping and cleaning

 03150860 - Waterstop

0600 Waterstop, PVC, ribbed, with center bulb, 3/8" thick x 9" wide 4,944.0 LF 3.28 4.50 

Concrete Forms & Accessories Total 

 03200 - Concrete Reinforcement 03210600 - Reinforcing In Place
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 0602 Reinforcing steel, in place, slab on grade, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl 1,020,558.3 lb 0.46 0.44 

labor for accessories, excl material for accessories

0702 Reinforcing steel, in place, walls, #3 to #7, A615, grade 60, incl labor for 591,518.0 lb 0.33 0.44 

accessories, excl material for accessories

2000 Reinforcing steel, unload and sort, add to base 829.9 ton 32.60 8.22 2210 Reinforcing steel, crane cost for handling, average, add 829.9 ton 35.26 8.95 2450 Reinforcing steel, in place, dowels, deformed, A615, grade 60, longer and 46,591.1 lb 1.33 0.55 

heavier, add

Concrete Reinforcement Total 

 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete 03310220 - Concrete, Ready Mix Normal Weight

0300 Structural concrete, ready mix, normal weight, 4000 PSI, includes local 12,646.1 CY 106.00 

aggregate, sand, Portland cement and water, delivered, excludes alladditives and treatments 03310700 - Placing Concrete

4650 Structural concrete, placing, slab on grade, pumped, over 6" thick, 8,068.4 CY 16.14 4.44 

includes vibrating, excludes material

5350 Structural concrete, placing, walls, pumped, 15" thick, includes vibrating, 4,577.8 CY 24.86 6.87 

excludes material

 03350300 - Finishing Floors

0150 Concrete finishing, floors, manual screed, bull float, manual float, broom 116,427.5 SF 0.65 

finish 03350350 - Finishing Walls

0150 Concrete finishing, walls, carborundum rub, wet, includes breaking ties and 88,992.0 SF 2.39 

patching voids

Cast-In-Place Concrete Total 

 05100 - Structural Metal Framing 05120640 - Structural Steel Members

0302 Structural steel member, 100-ton project, 1 to 2 story building, W8x10, A992 1,648.0 LF 5.39 16.50 3.02 

steel, shop fabricated, incl shop primer, bolted connections

Structural Metal Framing Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 05500 - Metal Fabrications 05514500 - Ladder

0400 Ladder, shop fabricated, aluminum, 20" W, bolted to concrete, excl cage 75.0 vlft 23.29 64.50 1.64 

 05517700 - Stair

0400 Stair, shop fabricated, steel, 3'-6" W, incl pipe railing, stringers, cast iron treads 68.0 Riser 56.86 600.00 3.99 

w/ safety nosing, per riser

1500 Stair landing, shop fabricated, steel, conventional, incl framing, metal fan forms, 64.0 SF 12.40 75.00 0.87 

excl concrete for pan forms

 05520700 - Railing, Pipe

0210 Railing, pipe, aluminum, clear finish, 3 rails, 3'-6" high, posts @ 5' O.C., 1-1/2" 3,090.0 LF 14.45 71.00 1.02 

dia, shop fabricated

 05530300 - Floor Grating, Aluminum

0132 Floor grating, aluminum, 1-1/2" x 3/16" bearing bars @ 1-3/16" O.C., cross bars 6,180.0 SF 2.84 41.50 0.20 

@ 4" O.C., up to 300 S.F., field fabricated from panels

 05530360 - Grating Frame

0020 Grating frame, aluminum, 1" to 1-1/2" D, field fabricated 3,090.0 LF 6.89 2.88 

Metal Fabrications Total 

 08100 - Metal Doors And Frames 08110200 - Commercial Steel Doors

0100 Doors, hollow metal, commercial, steel, flush, full panel, hollow core, 15.0 EA 48.02 295.00 

1-3/8" thick, 20 ga., 3'-0" x 7'-0" 08110250 - Door Frames

0100 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 6" channel@ 8.2 7.0 EA 152.08 270.00 10.72 

lb/LF, 3' x 7' door, weighs 150 lb

0200 Door frames, steel channels with anchors and bar stops, 8" channel@ 4.0 EA 220.58 495.00 15.51 

11.5 lb/LF, 6' x 8' door, weighs 275 lb

Metal Doors And Frames Total 

 08300 - Specialty Doors 08310350 - Floor, Industrial
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

3020ds Doors, specialty, access, floor, industrial, aluminum, Gas/Watertight, H-20, 4.0 Opng 160.84 1,147.00 

single leaf, 3' x 3'

 08360550 - Overhead, Commercial

2700 Doors, overhead, commercial, stock, steel, heavy duty, sectional, 3.0 EA 544.26 1,175.00 

manual, 24 gauge, 12' x 12' high

Specialty Doors Total 

 08700 - Hardware 08710300 - Door Closers

0015 Door hardware, door closer, rack and pinion 15.0 EA 62.75 148.00 

 08710340 - Doorstops

0020 Door hardware, doorstops, holder and bumper, floor or wall 15.0 EA 12.81 33.50 

 08710520 - Hinges

0100 Door hardware, hinges, full mortise, average frequency, steel base, USP, 22.5 pair 41.00 

5" x 5" 08710550 - Kick Plate

0020 Door hardware, kick plate, stainless steel, 6" high for 3' door 15.0 EA 27.53 31.00 

 08710700 - Mortise Lockset

0020 Door hardware, mortise lockset, commercial, wrought knobs and full 15.0 EA 45.46 175.00 

escutcheon trim, non-keyed, passage, minimum 08720300 - Weatherstripping, Window

2300 Weatherstripping, doors, metal frame, spring type, bronze, for 3' x 7' door 15.0 Opng 137.02 35.50 

 08720800 - Thresholds

0500 Thresholds, bronze 45.0 LF 6.85 38.50 

Hardware Total 

 09900 - Paints & Coatings 09910640 - B & C coating specification

0030bc Coatings & paints 19,500.0 sqft 0.65 0.86 

Paints & Coatings Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 10100 - Visual Display Boards 10160100 - Toilet Partitions, Metal

1700 Toilet cubicles, floor mounted, painted metal 1.0 EA 146.47 545.00 7800 Urinal screen, wedge type, painted metal 1.0 EA 102.45 128.00 

Visual Display Boards Total 

 10800 - Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories 10810100 - Commercial Toilet Accessories

0610 Toilet Accessories, dispenser units, towel dispenser & waste receptacle, 18 1.0 EA 51.22 395.00 

gallon capacity

0900 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 24" long 1.0 EA 22.25 32.00 1100 Toilet Accessories, grab bars, straight, stainless steel, 36" long 1.0 EA 25.61 36.00 3200 Toilet Accessories, mirror, 48" x 24", with stainless steel 3/4" square frame 1.0 EA 51.22 173.00 4600 Toilet Accessories, soap dispenser, chrome, surface mounted, liquid 1.0 EA 25.61 47.50 6000 Toilet Accessories, toilet seat cover dispenser, stainless steel, recessed 1.0 EA 25.61 143.00 6200 Toilet Accessories, toilet tissue dispenser, stainless steel, surface mounted, 1.0 EA 21.29 24.00 

double roll

Toilet/Bath/Laundry Accessories Total 

 11000 - Equipment 11000100 - Process Equipment

0130do Pump, Submersible Lift, 2500 gpm, rail mounted 4.0 each 6,272.00 51,600.00 0300IK Dewatering Polymer Feed System ( includes pumps ) 1.0 each 651.46 8,500.00 150.40 0950 Belt conveyor, complete w/ walkway, supports,e-stop 1.0 each 7,000.00 7,000.00 1,000.00 1270 Pump, Aeration Basin Feed, submersible centrifugal 4.0 each 4,800.00 13,050.00 1270 Pump, Anaerobic Wasteage, rotary lobe 6.0 each 4,800.00 10,750.00 1270 Pump, MBR RAS, centrifugal 6.0 each 4,800.00 21,900.00 1270 Pump, MBR WAS, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 1270 Pump, Filtrate, submersible centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

1270 Pump, Centrifuge Feed, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 1270 Pump, DAF Float, centrifugal 2.0 each 4,800.00 10,200.00 1270 Pump, Plant Recycle, centrifugal 3.0 each 4,800.00 13,500.00 1270 Pump, DAF Feed, centrifugal 3.0 each 4,800.00 17,850.00 NREL01 Anaerobic Treatment System 1.0 lsum 30,0NREL02 Membrane Bioreactor 1.0 lsum 356,250.00 4,750,000.00 142,500.00 NREL04 Reverse Osmosis Unit 6.0 each 24,997.50 333,300.00 9,999.00 NREL05 Evaporator 1.0 lsum 257,925.00 3,439,000.00 103,170.00 NREL06 Blowers 1.0 lsum 262,500.00 3,500,000.00 105,000.00 NREL07 Dissolved Air Flotation Unit 2.0 each 22,500.00 300,000.00 9,000.00 NREL08 Crystallizer 1.0 each 913,500.00 12,180,000.00 365,400.00 NREL09 Centrifuge 5.0 each 48,750.00 650,000.00 19,500.00 NREL10 Aeration Grid and Air Piping 1.0 lsum 200,000.00 2,500,000.00 

 11001900 - Laboratory equipment

0320 Laboratory equip & furnishing, allowance 350.0 sqft 60.00 

Equipment Total 

 13120 - Pre-Engineered Structures 13128700 - Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings

0400 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 800.0 SF 7.83 9.65 4.37 

30' to 40' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

0900 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 6,600.0 SF 4.43 8.40 2.48 

50' to 100' W x 16' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

1100 Pre-Eng Steel Bldg, clear span rigid frame, 30 psf roof and 20 psf wind load, 1,000.0 SF 5.35 29.95 3.00 

50' to 100' W x 60' eave H, incl. 26 ga. colored ribbed roofing & siding, excl.footings, slab, anchor bolts

Pre-Engineered Structures Total 

 13200 - Storage Tanks
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

 13201200 - Elevated Storage Tanks

3700 Aboveground Storage Tanks, Steel, 830,000 gallons, incl. painting 1.0 EA 1,494,000.00 

Storage Tanks Total 

 15100 - Building Services Piping 15140800 - Water Hammer Arrestors / Shock Absorbers

0500 Water hammer arrester/shock absorber, copper, for 1 to 11 fixtures, 3/4" male 1.0 EA 52.89 17.00 

I.P.S.

Building Services Piping Total 

 15200 - Process Piping 15200030 - Pipe, Ductile Iron

0400B Allowance - Process Piping 1.0 lsum 1,303,200.00 2,605,800.00 180,000.00 0400C Allowance - small bore piping 1.0 lsum 25,000.00 25,000.00 

Process Piping Total 

 15400 - Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment 15411700 - Urinals

3120 Urinal, wall hung, vitreous china, with hanger & self-closing valve, blowout type 1.0 EA 401.97 385.00 3300 Urinal, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 426.02 240.00 

 15418450 - Lavatories

0640 Lavatory, vanity top, porcelain enamel on cast iron, white, oval, 33" x 19", 1.0 EA 188.96 505.00 

includes trim

 15418600 - Sinks

6790 Sink, service, floor, rough-in, supply, waste and vent 1.0 EA 738.67 705.00 

 15418900 - Water Closets

0400 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, close coupled, two piece, 1.0 EA 226.75 555.00 

includes seat, supply pipe with stop

0960 Water closet, tank type, vitreous china, wall hung, rough-in, supply, waste, vent 1.0 EA 441.48 630.00 

and carrier

 15480200 - Water Heaters
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM 

Labor Materials Subs Equip 

Item Item Description Qty Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit $/Unit 

1100 Water heater, residential, electric, glass lined tank, double element, 5 year, 52 1.0 EA 317.36 560.00 

gallon

Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment Total 

 15700 - Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment 15700100 - HVAC Allowance

0010 HVAC heating, cooling allowance 8,400.0 sqft 10.00 

Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning Equipment Total 

 16000 - Electrical and Instrumentation 16000000 - Electrical and Instrumentation

0001 Electrical, building wiring, switches, outlets 8,400.0 sqft 8.00 

0001 Electrical and Instrumentation Subcontract 1.0 lsum 6,600,000.00 

Electrical and Instrumentation Total 
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM Category Percent Amount LOW COST SCENARIO TotalsLabor 3.49 % 5,174,468 Material 13.78 % 20,425,519Subcontractor 3.37 % 5,001,200Equipment 1.01 % 1,496,692 Other 20.25 % 30,020,738UserNet Costs 62,118,617Labor Mark-up 10.00 % 517,447Material/Process Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 1,634,042Subcontractor Mark-up 5.00 % 250,060Construction Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 119,735Sales tax 9.75 % 2,137,416Material Shipping & Handling 2.00 % 346,507Subtotal 67,123,823Contractor General Conditions 10.00 % 6,712,382Subtotal 73,836,205Start-up, training, O & M 2.00 % 456,437Subtotal 74,292,642Construction Contingency 30.00 % 22,287,793Subtotal 96,580,434Bldg Risk, Liability Auto Ins. 2.00 % 1,931,609Subtotal 98,512,043
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM Category Percent Amount Bonds 1.50 % 1,477,681Subtotal 99,989,724Total LOW COST SCENARIO 99,989,724HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO TotalsLabor 4.70 % 6,965,006 Material 26.17 % 38,799,875Subcontractor 5.58 % 8,266,200Equipment 1.41 % 2,092,078 Other 20.24 % 30,000,000UserNet Costs 86,123,159Labor Mark-up 10.00 % 696,501Material/Process Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 3,103,990Subcontractor Mark-up 5.00 % 413,310Construction Equipment Mark-up 8.00 % 167,366Sales tax 9.75 % 3,986,965Material Shipping & Handling 2.00 % 712,757Subtotal 95,204,048Contractor General Conditions 10.00 % 9,520,405Subtotal 104,724,453Start-up, training, O & M 2.00 % 938,879Subtotal 105,663,333
HARRIS GROUP, INC. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

LABORATORY

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

EVALUATION

12/17/2010 - 1:25PM Category Percent Amount Construction Contingency 30.00 % 31,699,000Subtotal 137,362,332Bldg Risk, Liability Auto Ins. 2.00 % 2,747,247Subtotal 140,109,579Bonds 1.50 % 2,101,644Subtotal 142,211,223Total HIGH CONFIDENCE SCENARIO 142,211,223