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26 ORG 12/15/15Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 3 Table of Contents

Title Page 1 List of Effective Pages 2
Table of Contents 3 Intentionally Left Blank 5 Purpose 6
Distribution 6 Manual Revision Request 6
Rules of Construction 7 sUAS Program Structure 8 General Responsibilities 8 sUAS Program Manager 9 Qualifications 9
Education 9
Certificates 9
Medical 9 Experience 9 Position Description 9 Duties and Responsibilities 9
Pilot in Command 10 Qualifications 10
Certificates 10
Medical 10 Experience 10 Duties and Responsibilities 10 Supplemental Pilot 10
Medical 10
Ground School 11 Experience 10 Duties and Responsibilities 11
Visual Observer 11
Ground School 11 Experience 11 Duties and Responsibilities 11 Ancillary Personnel 12 Crew Resource Management 12
Facilities 12 Operations 12 Types of Missions 13 Visual Line of Sight 14
Weather Observations 14
Crew Communications 14
Lost Link Procedures 15 sUAS Specifications and Design 15 Guidelines for Flight Operations 15Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 4 Flight Operations Using a Suppl emental Pilot 16 Operations Will Not Be Conducted 16 Pre-flight Operations 16 Flight Planning 16 Sterile Area Principle 16 GPS Considerations for Planning 17 Signal Reflection 17 Signal Shadowing 17 Site Survey 17 Permitting and Notifications 18
Communications 19
Risk Assessment Procedures 19
Documentation 19 Pre-flight Briefings 20 Prior to Flight Checks and Inspections 20 Check Flight Batteries 20
Check the Batteries of the RC Transmitter 21
Check the Ground Control Station 21 Check the SD card(s) 21 Check the Settings of the Flight Controller System 21 Inspect the Airframe 21 Secure and Inspect the Payload 21 Final Pre-flight Procedures 22 Ready for Take-off 22
Take-off Procedures 22 Landing Procedures 23 Recovery 23 Post-flight Checks 23 Logging Flight and Duty Time 23
Position Abbreviations 23
Mission Abbreviations 24
Individual Records 24
sUAS Maintenance Procedures 24 Reliability 24
Maintenance 25
Documentation 26 Emergency Response Plan 26 Training 27
Pilot In Command 27
Observers 27
Maintenance 27 Recurrent Training 28 Flight and Duty Times 28 Definitions and Acronyms 29 Appendix A 35 Examples of: Aircraft Flight Log, Aircra ft Maintenance Log, Ba ttery Maintenance LogValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 5 INTENTIONALY LEFT BLANKValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 6 Purpose

The purpose of this manual is to support and fu rther promote safe, efficient and lawful operation of the unmanned aerial system (UAS). Safety abov e all else, is the primary concern in each and every operation, regardless of the nature of the mission. Aviation professionals, employed are expected to be familiar with operating requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs), and Aerona utical Information Publications as required (AIP). Guidance from these documents has not b een reproduced in this manual, except in those instances where special attention is being called to a particular topic, or more restrictive guidance is being issued.

Each recipient of this manual and subsequent change to it should carefully read the document as soon as it is received. Employees should discuss and seek clarification of any guidance they do not understand. They should also review the entire manual periodically to remain familiar with its contents. Employees must further understand that nothing supersedes their exercising sound professional judgment in emergency situations.

It shall be the intent of ever y UAS operator to make an effort not invade a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy when operating the UAS . When operating the UAS operators will abide by FAA Regulations, as well as require d City and State rules/ordinances.

Distribution

Each employee will receive a copy of this manual ei ther electronically or paper. To include all sub contracted personnel assigned in support of the Valero’s missi on a physical copy of this SOP is required at the flight line and operational sites. Prior to participating in UAS operations, personnel will read and understand the contents.

Manual Revision Request

Manual has been written to address UAS operations as they existed when it was drafted. This
manual is not intended to be a static document. It is not, nor will it ever be, in "final form." Suggestions to improve this manual are encourag ed and should be discussed with supervisors. Suggestions should be submitted to the Director of Aviation using the Manual Revision Request
Form at the end of this section. The Director of Aviation will forward the suggestion to the appropriate manager to make a determination on the suggestion. If adopted, the suggestion will be incorporated into the manual via revision. Wh ether the suggestion is adopted or not, the Manual Revision Request Form will be completed and a copy returned to the submitter.
Revisions
Published revisions to the manual will be issued when directed and/or approved by the Director of Aviation. Recommended changes will be coordi nated with employees. Each revised page will
be dated and the revision number will appear in the header at th e top of the page. In addition, at the front of each manual, a Record of Revisions w ill be maintained, and a List of Effective Pages
for the manual will reflect the re vision status of each page. The Director of Aviation shall keep the master copy of this manual in both printed and electronic forms. It is the responsibility of
each manual holder to maintain a current manual. The master copy can be used as a check forValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 7 currency. Individuals will make changes to th eir own manual, as directed by the published instructions, and record the re vision number and date of posti ng on the Records of Revisions page near the front of this manual.

Rules of Construction

Words importing the singul ar include the plural; Words importing the plural include the singular; and Words importing the masculine gender include the feminine.
Shall is used in an imperative sense; May is used in a permissive se nse to state authority or permission to do the act prescribe d, and the words “no person may * * *” or “a person may not * * *” mean that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act prescribed; and
Includes means “includes but is not limited to”.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 8 sUAS Program Structure

The sUAS Program is the direct respons ibility of the Director of Aviation.

General Responsibilities

sUAS personnel are individually accountable for the following responsibilities: Conduct operations in a manner which minimizes risk to employees, customers, property and equipment. Maintain the highest possible safet y, security and se rvice standards. Comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines established by the federal, state, and local government agencies relative to sUAS operations. Comply with established company sUAS policies and procedures covered in this manual. A review will be conducted after any amendment is implemented. sUAS personnel are responsible for understanding and applying th e sUAS Operations Manual. All crewmembers associated with the operation of the unmanned aircraft must be qualified or must be receiving formal training under the dire ct supervision of a qualif ied instructor, who has at all times, responsib ility for the operation of the unmanned aircraft. Only qualified and properly certified personnel, authorized by the Director of Aviation, will be allowed to act as crewmembers or operate the company sUAS on the ground or in-flight. Supplemental Pilot Sr. Manager Corporate

Aviations Services

Pilot

‐ In

‐ Command sUAS Program Manager

Visual Observer(s) Ancillary PersonnelValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 9 sUAS Program Manager

Reports to: Senior Manager of Corporate Aviation Services Supervises: Pilot-In-Command, Visual Observer, and Ancillary Personnel

Qualifications
Education: Bachelor’s or equivalent experience

Certificates: Basic Ground Instructor English Proficient
Valid automobile driver’s license Valid Passport
Medical: N/A

Experience: Minimum of 15 years of aviation industry experience required. Understanding of contract structures and negotiation. Must have strong management and judgment skill sets.
Exhibit track record in aircraft and aircraft subsystems including payloads, systems knowledge of unmanned aircraft vehicles. Be computer literate in creating/mainta ining spread sheets, word processing, and PowerPoint presentations.
Selected candidate should ha ve a strong track record in analytics and project management skill sets, coupled with excelle nt oral/written and inter-personal skill

sets. Formal management training is a plus. Prior UAS experience is strongly preferred.

Position Description

The Program manager directs and manages sUAS Operations. The position makes collaborative decisions on a daily basis that impact the hi ghest levels of manage ment, employees, sUAS Operations, security, standardization, quality, re gulations, process safety, best practices, budget, and control of expenditures. The Program manager will oversee sc heduling, pricing, and technical performance of sUAS employment through proposal deve lopment, contract negotiation and contract compliance. Proposal preparati on shall include superv ising mission planning, resource allocation, and determining team and equipment configuration requirements. The Program Manager will be responsible for sUAS utiliz ation initiatives.

Duties and Responsibilities

a. Prepare customized Requests For Proposal (RFPs) based on internal customer needs
b. Work closely with Regional Refinery VP s & General Managers Staff to include operational excellence, reliability, facil ity maintenance, and production personnel.

c. Define required capabilities a nd implement new technologies
d. Identify and assess new market opportunitie s for sUAS utilization within Valero Operations.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 10 e. Responsible for creating budgets and metrics for managing sUAS program
f. Will also work closely with other internal groups in developing schedules, and working
with various sub-contractors to meet customer requirements.

g. Build and lead sUAS teams to m eet Valero Operational needs.
h. Some travel may be required, since part of the duties will be to provide support to business development and client support. Make sure personnel involved in support of the operation are qualifie d and understand their
roles. Ensure flight, training, and maintenan ce records are accura te and complete. Stay abreast of regulatory changes and update the sUAS program as applicable. Evaluate and employ sUAS confi gurations based on mission needs.

Pilot In Command (PIC)

Qualifications Reports to: sUAS Program Manager
Certificates : At least current FAA Private Pilot Certificate
Medical: At least current F AA Class II Medical Certificate Experience: The PIC shall also meet the flight re view requirements specified in 14 CFR § 61.5
in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on their pilot certificate.
The PIC shall be tr ained in the operation of the sp ecific Make and Model of the sUAS being piloted.
The PIC must have accumulated and l ogged, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR §61.51 (b), a minimum of 200 flight cycles and 25 hours of total time as a sUAS pilot. Prior docum ented flight experience that wa s obtained in compliance with applic able regulations may satisfy this requirement. The PIC must have accumulated and logge d, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR §61.51 (b), a minimum of five hours as sUAS pilot operating the make and model of sUAS to be utilized for operations unde r the exemption and three take-offs and three landings in the preceding 90 days.

Duties and Responsibilities Conduct mission planning Conduct mission briefings Execution and safe operation of the mission Make decisions and take immediate corrective actions necessary to prevent injury, accident, or damage to individuals or equipment
Establish and maintain communications with ATC Comply with procedures, policies, and regulations

Supplemental Pilot (SP)

Qualifications Reports to: sUAS Program Manager
Medical: Pass and maintain at least an FAA Class II Medical Certificate
Ground Successfully completed private pilot ground school and passed the written testValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 11 School: or the FAA accepted agency equivalent, based on the application within 24
calendar months. Experience: The Supplemental Pilot shall be trained in the operation of the specific Make and Model of the sUAS being piloted. The Supplemental Pilot must have accumulated and logged, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51 (b), a mi nimum of 200 flight cycles and 25 hours of total time as a sUAS pilot. Prior documented flight e xperience that was obtained in compliance with applicable regulations may satisfy this requirement. The Supplemental Pilot must have accumulated and logged, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51 (b), a minimum of five hours as sUAS pilot operating the make and model of sUAS to be utilized for operations under the exemption
and three take-offs and three la ndings in the preceding 90 days. If a supplemental pilot assumes the role of PIC, he/she must comply with PIC rating, currency, medical, and training requirements listed in this document.

Duties and Responsibilities Execution and safe operation of the mission Make decisions and take immediate corrective actions necessary to prevent injury, accident, or damage to individuals or equipment
Establish and maintain communications with ATC Comply with procedures, policies, and regulations

Visual Observer (VO)

Qualifications Reports to: sUAS Program Manager
Ground Successfully completed private pilot ground school and passed the written test
School: or the FAA accepted agency equivalent, based on the application within 24
calendar months.

Experience: Knowledge of aviation terminology, Visu al Flight Rules (VFR), Airspace requirements and applicable avia tion regulatory requirements.

Duties and Responsibilities Primary duty is to assist the PIC with the proposed visual-line-of-sight and seeand-avoid requirements by maintaining cons tant visual contact with the small
unmanned aircraft. Visual observer(s) must be able to co mmunicate by voice, radio or hand-and-arm signals. Establish an observation position having a clear view of the sUAS operating area Be designated as VO and not share in any other duties associated with the flight.
Be briefed on lost communications procedures prior to the flight.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 12 Ancillary Personnel (AP)

Qualifications Reports to: sUAS Program Manager Duties and Responsibilities Ancillary personnel such as system s operators or mission specialists must be thoroughly familiar with and possess operational experience of the equipment being used. If the systems being used are for
observation and detection of other aircraft for collision avoidance purposes, personnel must be thoroughly trained on collision
avoidance procedures and techniques a nd have direct communication with the UAS pilot, observer, and other crewmembers.

Crew Resource Management

Valero will ensure that Crew Resource Management (CRM) training is current for all crew members before flying operational or training missions. The CRM program must consist of initial training, as well as CRM r ecurrent training during every recurrent training cycle, not to exceed a 12 month interval between initial training and recurrent training or between subsequent recurrent training sessions. CRM training will be consistent with sUAS operations to include techniques and procedures unique to the UAS environment.

Facilities

UAS operations will be housed and maintained in a designated facility. Personnel will not leave the facility without making sure the sUAS equipment is secured. Personnel are equally responsible for maintaining the facility in a neat, clean and orderly fashion.

Operations

a. The sUAS shall not operate in Class B, C, or D airspace without wr itten approval from the FAA. The sUAS shall not operate within 5 na utical miles of the ge ographic center of a nontowered airport as denoted on a current FAA- published aeronautical chart unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the opera tion is conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operat or’s COA. This letter of agreement with the airport management shall be made av ailable to the Administrator upon request.

b. The sUAS will only operate within the late ral boundaries of Facil ities. Confined “Safe
Zones” within those boundaries will be estab lished for each flight. These zones will be free of unnecessary hazards or risks and non-participa ting personnel.

i. The sUAS shall only operate within a pre-de fined “Safe Zone” that shall be thoroughly inspected by the PIC for buildings, overhangs, obstacles, wires, poles, people, vehicles, sun angle, shadows, glare, reflective su rfaces, clouds, smoke, a nd terrain among other potential hazards.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 13 ii. The PIC and VO shall have current Valero spec ific safety training for the area in which sUAS operations will take place.

c. Flights shall be conducted under day visu al meteorological conditions (VMC).

i. In addition, the sUAS shall not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

ii. sUAS operations shall not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1.

iii. Flights shall not be conducted under sp ecial visual flight rules (SVFR).

d. Flights shall be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet a bove ground level (AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in Valero’s sUAS Operations Manual.

e. The PIC shall be prohibited from operating th e sUAS from any moving device or vehicle.

f. The sUAS shall be operated within visu al line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC.

i. The PIC shall maintain VLOS without the aid of telescopes, cameras or other devices.
ii. The PIC will maintain VLOS with their ow n vision, which includes the use of eyeglasses or corrective lenses as specified on the PIC’s medical certificate.

g. The sUAS shall remain clear and yield the right of way to manned aerial operations and activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles , parachute activities, parasailing activities, ha ng gliders, etc.).

h. Valero will require the PIC and Visual Observ er (VO) to have successfully completed a qualification process, as outlined in the Valero sUAS Operations Manual.

i. The PIC’s primary responsibility while in flight is the safe operation of the sUAS.

Types of Missions

In general, the sUAS’s will be employed for use in the following missions to include but not
limited to:

Aerial Video a nd Photography; Disaster Response and Emergency Management Environmental Monitoring; Facilities Security; Land Planning; Precision Agriculture; Training, Research a nd Development; and Wildlife and Game Management

Aerial Inspections of:Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 14 a. Construction sites;
b. Oil, Gas, and Ethanol Infrastructures;

c. Petroleum Transmission and Storage; and
d. Wind Farm Facilities

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)

Operating within Visual Line of Sight means that the PIC or visual observer is able to maintain direct, unaided (other than corre ctive lenses) visual contact with the unmanned aircraft, which is sufficient to monitor its flight path in relation to other aircraft, persons, vessels, vehicles and structures for the purpose of avoiding collisi ons. VLOS operations are normally accepted out to a

maximum distance of one

‐ half statue mile horizontally and 400 ft. vertically from the sUAS pilot. sUAS operations will utilize on e or more trained visual obser vers to assist the PIC with

see

‐ and

‐ avoid responsibilities. The visual obser ver(s) should have a reliable method of

instantaneous communication wi th the PIC such as two

‐ way radios. Where voice communication cannot be maintained then hand and arm signals consistent with the current FAR/AIM shall be used. Cellular phones are not consider ed reliable for this purpose. The PIC and visual observer(s) together should have a view of the area that is sufficient to allow enough time for the PIC to

de

‐ conflict as required. Operations involving “daisy

‐ chaining” observers/antennae may be permitted if use of additional resources are necessary to maintain safe flight within VLOS.

Weather Observation

A reliable method of determining wind speed, ceiling and visibility should be used.
Weather observations should be taken near enough to the operation that it is certain that they are valid; for example, an airport’s obs ervations can be used if the airp ort is within several miles and the conditions appear to be uniform. Ceiling ma y be determined by the temperature/dew point spread.

Crew Communications

Only the PIC should conduct radio communications with ATC. The PIC should follow the radio communications protocol appropriate to the airs pace. Where communications are not specifically required by FAA regulations, such as in uncont rolled airspace (Class G), the PIC should announce on appropriate CTAF fre quency prior to launch, just after launch, periodically during operations, and after landing. Announ cements should include at least: “Unmanned” followed by the aircraft type a nd registration number; e.g. “Unmanned AirRobot

180VE”.
Location of the aircraft with reference to a NAVAID, airport, or VFR reporting point. Trajectory and speed or, if remaining in a localized area, the radius of that area. Range of altitudes. The use of cell phones and other electronic devices during flight operations should be restricted to communications pertinent to the operati onal control of the sUAS and any requiredValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 15 communications with Air Traffic Control. Cell p hones should not be used as the primary means of communications between visual observers and pilots. All sUAS operations should be co nducted with sterile cockpit pr ocedures during critical phases of flight. These include: taxi and ground ope rations involving aircraft movement, take

‐ off and landing, as well as all other phases of fli ght operations in which safety or mission accomplishment might be compromised by distractions.

Lost Link Procedures

There are many acceptable approaches to satisfy lo st link requirements. The intent of any lost link procedure is to ensure airborne operations remain predictable. Lost link procedures should comply with any re gulatory requirements and the lost link solution will need to comply with the last Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance if applicable. The appropriate ATC facility should be notified immediatel y if applicable. Lost link procedures should avoid flight over any populated areas and ha zards, as well as any frequently travelled flight paths.
The time and duration of each lost link event shou ld be recorded by the operator and reported. The designated return site shoul d be clear of any personnel and hazards in the event of an
immediate lost link return to base and landing.

sUAS Specifications and Design:

a. All sUAS flown shall be less than 55 pounds including aircraft and payload.

b. The radio frequency spectrum used for operation and control of the sUAS shall comply with
the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other appropriate government oversight agency requirements.

c. Maximum speed shall be no more than 50 knots.

d. The sUAS shall be equipped with Inertial Navigation Sensor(s) (IRS/IRU/Accelerometer).

e. The sUAS shall be equipped with a Co mpass (Magnetometer/Heading Source).
f. The sUAS shall be equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) guidance system.

g. The sUAS shall be designed, should it lose comm unications or lose its GPS signal, to return to a pre-determined location within the secu rity perimeter and land or be recovered in accordance with Valero’s sUAS Operations Manual.

Guidelines for Flight Operations

 NOTAMs where applicable will be file d no less than 72 hours prior to flights

 Flights will be operated within line-of-si ght of a pilot and/ or visual observer during daylight hours.

 The flight must be aborted in the event of a ny unpredicted obstacle or emergency presents a
threatValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 16  The PIC will have the capability to abort a flight in case of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

 Maximum total flight time will be limited to 75 percent of battery capacity based on the specific sUAS configuration.

 The PIC shall terminate the mission and return the sUAS to a predetermined landing zone within a Sterile Area when the battery is no less than 25 percent capacity.

 The sUAS will not be operated over any person (except participating personnel)

 If the sUAS loses communications or required GPS coverage, the sUAS is equipped with advanced safety features that will automatically cause the sUAS to return to a pre-determined location.

Flight Operations using a Supplemental Pilot

Operations without a pilot certificate (supplemen tal pilot) may be allowed when all of the following conditions are met: The PIC has successfully completed, at a mini mum, FAA private pilo t ground instruction and passed the written examination, or the F AA accepted agency equivalent, based on the application. Airman Test reports are valid fo r the 24- calendar month period proceeding the month the exam was completed, at which time the instruction and written examination must be repeated. Operations are duri ng daylight hours. The operation is conducted in a sparsely populated location. The operation is conducted from a privately owne d airfield, military installation, or off-airport
location. (5) Operations are approved and conducted solely within visual line-of-sight in Class G airspace. (6) Visual line-of-sight operations are conducted at an altitude of no more than 400 feet Above Ground Level (AGL) in class G airspace at all times. The FAA may require specific aircraft category and class ratings in ma nned aircraft depending on the UAS seeking approval and the characteri stics of its flight controls interface.

Operations will not be conducted:

 At night

 From any type of moving platform with the ex ception of a water borne vessel or structure

 within Class B, C, or D airspace without written approval from the FAA

 within 5 nautical miles from non-towere d airports unless a letter of agreement has been signed with the operating authorities

Pre-Flight Operations

Flight PlanningValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 17 Sterile Area Principle

Valero sUAS operations will be based on the concept of creating a safe and secured area of operations under control of the Pilot in Command (PIC). The st erile area is defined as the geographic confines of the flight operations, typically 1⁄2 statue m ile from the PIC flight position
and no more than 400 ft AGL. Valero must be able to control access to, and activities within, the
sterile area so that we can ensure the safety of all pe rsonnel, equipment and facilities. If, at any time, someone or something enters the sterile ar ea not under control of the PIC, the aircraft system must be flown at least 150 feet away from the person or equipment, unless it is uncooperative aircraft, in which the sUAV will imme diately land in timely manner, as dictated by safety considerations.

GPS Considerations for Planning

Always plan for having to fly without GPS. G PS is an incredible en abler of sUAS flight operations, providing critical information to allow the sUAS and GCS to maintain superior flight and navigational control. Unfo rtunately the low altitude nature of sUAS flights can increase some of the major challenges associated with using GPS. Accordingly - all flight planning will include a detailed considerat ion of GPS issues - specifically Signal Reflection and Signal Shad owing, and mitigation steps identified. In all cases, regardless of planning for GPS c onsiderations, we will always plan flight operations anticipating that we will have to fly without GPS.

Signal Reflection

Occurs in areas of high relief (urban areas, close to major structures, complex terrain and moist soils)

 Impacts to Flight Operations - Positi on Accuracy decreases, especially dangerous in narrow streets and canyons

 Mitigation: Use pilot commanded flight. Pilots will not rely on way point navigation systems. Furthermore, pilots will never operate UAS’s closer than twice the indicated accuracy distances.

Signal Shadowing

Close vicinity of high relief (ta ll buildings, canyon walls, forests)

 Impacts to Flight Operations - Decrease position accuracy unti l aircraft reaches higher altitude. Could resu lt in control deviations during take-off and landing.

 Mitigation: ensure designated take-off and landing zones are positioned sufficient distance away from areas of shadowing. Use a handheld GPS during

site recon to ensure chos en location can support accuracy requirements for takeoff and landing operations. Horizontal a nd vertical distance to obstacles should

never be closer than twice th e indicated accuracy distances.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 18 Site Survey

Valero crew will conduct an assessment of the operating site and conditions, including:

a. The type of airspace and specific provisions

b. Other aircraft operations (local airports or operating areas)

c. Hazards associated with industria l sites (such activities as traffic, gas venting, high-intensity radio transmissions, and hi gh power transmission lines)

d. Local laws and regulations

e. Obstructions (wires, masts, buildings etc.)

f. Restricted areas (such as prohibited airspace around prisons, military installations etc.)

g. Residential and recreational activities

h. Public access areas

i. Permission from land owners /authorities required j. Likely operating site s and alternatives

k. Weather forecasts for planned flight period

Permitting and Notifications

a. All required permissions and permits shall be obtained from territorial, state, county or city jurisdictions, including local law enfor cement, or other appropriate governmental agencies.

b. Valero shall request a Notice to Airman (NOTAM ) not more than 72 hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to the operation. The NOTAM request may include a written Plan of Activities to the local flight standards distri ct office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of the proposed flight. The written Plan of Ac tivities may be waived with the concurrence
of the FSDO.

i. The plan of activities shall include at least the following:

1. Dates and times for all requested flights

2. Name and phone number of Valero sUAS Flight Operations

3. Name and phone number of the PIC respons ible for the on-scen e operation of the
sUAS
4. Make, model, and serial or N- number of sUAS to be used

5. Name and certificate number of sU AS PICs involved in the flight

6. A statement from Valero that it will be operating on its own property where the flight will be conducted; the list of those who gave permission shall be made available to the inspector upon request.

7. Signature of exemption-hol der or representative

8. A description of the flight activity, incl uding maps or diagrams of any area over which flights will be conducted, the relations hip of that area to any nearby city, town, etc., and the altitudes essential to accomplish the operation.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 19 9. Documents required under 14 CFR § 91.9 and § 91.203 shall be readily available to the PIC any time the aircraft is in ope ration. These documents shall be made
available to the Administrator or an y law enforcement official upon request.

10. Valero shall obtain an Air Traffic Organiza tion (ATO) issued Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under this exemption
request. 11. Valero shall obtain the consent of all persons involved in the operation and ensure that only consenting persons be allowed within 200 feet of the
“Safe Zone”.

Communications

Visual Observer(s) and Pilot will at all times be able to communicate by voice or hand-and-arm signals. The crew will have the ability to co mmunicate with the local ATC and FDSO as required. The visual observer(s) should have a reliable method of instantaneous communications

with the PIC such as two

‐ way radios. Cellular phones are no t considered reliable for this purpose. The PIC and visual observe r(s) together should have a view of the area that is sufficient to allow enough time for the PIC to de

‐ conflict as required.

Risk Assessment Procedures

The prevention of accidents is based upon c onscientious application of methodology and techniques used to be cognizant of, or mitigate risk. Planners must not only recognize hazards in the planning process but involve th e entire team (flight crew and cu stomer) to assist in the hazard identification and risk assessment roles througho ut the execution phase of operations. The PIC will apply applicable risks mitigations throughout execution phase by using this manual as guidance, to include completion of the sUAS Flight Risk Assessment Tool. The sUAS Flight Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT) is designed to be used before each flight to mitigate associated risk to the lowest possible level. Risk assessments will consider the following issues:

 Weather conditions relative to the pe rformance capability of the system

 Identification of normally anticipated failure m odes (lost link, power plant failures, loss of control, etc) and conseq uences of the failures

 Crew fitness for flight operat ions (As discussed in Sections 3.4 and 3.5 of this manual)

 Overlying airspace, compliance with aviation re gulations as appropriate to the operation, and abnormal procedures

 Communication, command, control, and pa yload frequency spectrum requirements

 Reliability, performance, and airwor thiness to established standards

Documentation

Prior to conducting flight ope rations the Team Leader will ensure that the following

documentation is on hand:

1. This manualValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 20 2. UAS Operators Manual

3. Copy of approvals - property owners/authorities, permissi on to collect data from authorized persons in sterile areas

4. Copy of FAA exemption and COA
5. Copy of published NOTAMs pert aining to the operation

6. Copy of FAA sUAS registration

7. PIC Certification documents

Pre-flight Briefings

A briefing will be conducted in regard to the planned sUAS operations prior to each day's

activities to ensure ther e is a collective understand ing of the flight mission and objectives. It will be mandatory that all personnel who will be pe rforming duties within the boundaries of the sterile area be present for this briefing. The briefing will include:

 Clearly designate crewmember duties

 Orientation to the Flight Operations Area a nd key features - PIC location, take-off and landing zones, review of obstacles and known hazards

 Orientation to the sUAS and capabilities

 Review of Flight Plan, including any sp ecial considerations or requirements

 Review of communications procedures

 Cordon procedures to secure sterile area

 Review weather conditions and impacts on flight plan

 Discuss how to handle emergencies if they should arise

Prior to Flight Checks and Inspections

All pre-flight, post-flight, maintenance and inspec tion actions shall be consistent with the OEM recommended practices and procedures.

PIC will ensure that all pre-flight checks are conducted in the same environment as flight operations (not indoors or vehicle) . The aircraft must be at ambi ent temperature before take-off - a difference between ambient temperature a nd of sensors/components may cause serious issues, including system failure s and communications problems.

 Ensure controlled access is established in the "sterile area"

 Check weather conditions (cei ling, precipitation, icing cond itions, and wind speed) to ensure it supports flight operations

 All personnel accounted for and notif ied of pending flight operations

 Ensure a minimum of 20 feet stand-off between sUAS, obstacles, or participating personnel on take off

 Take-Off and Landing zone is designated and clearly marked, and not near any metal or magnetic material

 Communications check with PI C and visual observer(s)Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 21  Double check flight planning and ensure th ere is enough charge to support the flight, including safe return (25% battery power remaining)

Check flight-batteries

 Charge batteries fully before flight

 Inspect battery for visible damage

 Ensure the connectors are firm ly attached and functional

 Check the main power cable and connectors

Check the battery of the RC-Transmitter

 Charge the RC-transmitter battery fully before flight

 Inspect the battery for visible damage

 Check the cable connection between the battery and the RC-transmitter

Check the Ground Control Station (GCS)

 Charge GCS battery fully before flight

 Check the cable connections of the GCS

 Ensure that the mission planning and p iloting software starts up correctly

Check the SD-card(s)

 Ensure they only contain flight in formation for the current mission

 Check the contacts of the SD-Card(s)

 Ensure the SD-Card slides into the slot tightly and smoothly

Check the settings of the flight controller system

 To ensure safe flight altitude a nd applicable geo-fences are defined

 Establish designated take-off zone as 0 feet AGL and landing zones as applicable to the
takeoff zone

 Homing functions as required

 Return to home function is progra mmed specific to the operational area

 Speed is appropriate for mission, payload, and conditions

 Payload settings as requested

 Ensure waypoint navigation, if used, was uploaded successfully

Inspect the Airframe

 Check that arms are safely locked into flight position

 Inspect all parts of the drone for visible damage

 Make sure that the landing gear has no foreign objects or debris on the surface

Secure and Inspect Payload

 Ensure payload is correctly connected to its corresponding sUAS system (flightValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 22 controller, transmitter, receiver, gimbals, etc)

 Inspect all cable connections for damages and proper attachment

 Check that the payload is opera tional and functioning correctly

 Check settings of the payload - resolution, frame rate, etc.

 Check the battery of payload

Final Pre-Flight Procedures

 Ensure that batteries are firmly secu red in the battery well and connected into the airframe safely and securely

 Check power cable, connections and plugs for damages

 Check connection of GPS receiver cable for damages and securely connected

 Check all antennas of the aircraft and s ubsystems to ensure they are connected securely and functioning properly

Ready for Take-off

 Ensure take-off and landing areas ar e clear and free of obstacles

 Ensure aircraft has acclimatized to ambient temperature

 Ensure Transmitter is "on" and functioning

 Ensure GCS is "on" and working properly

 Check to make sure GCS antenna is faci ng the flight course and working properly

 Check telemetry stream is connected and functioning properly

 Check video stream is connect ed and functioning properly

 Start flight control software on the flight computer and ensure it is working properly

 Confirm wind direction and wind speed

 Confirm control of the airspace and sterile area of operations

 CHECK Communications between Pilot and Visual Observer

 Power-up aircraft

Take-off Procedures

 Ensure participating personnel are utilizing ap propriate personal pr otective equipment (PPE)

 All personnel in the Sterile Area shall be notified of imminent sUAS take-off

 Ensure no one or obstacle is w ithin 20 feet of the sUAS

 Check take-off and landing zone is clear

 Check airspace for safe flight clearance for take-off

 Ensure activation of functi ons within flight contro l software work properly (video stream, battery state indicator, etc)

 Check for any error-messages from the sUAS and GCS

 Check for any abnormalities in flight performance

 Check all motors to ensure smooth operation and no faults

 Check for any strong unexpected no ises, vibrations, or instabilityValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 23  Check flight battery voltage and current

 Check the yaw axis through a full 360 degr ee turn, stopping at 45 degree increments

 Check pitch and yaw by moving controls in different directions (back, forward, left, right)

 Check altitude and position accuracy

 Check telemetry data for properly worki ng GPS. (number of satellites, signal strength, accuracy reading)

 Compare telemetry data with GCS

Landing Procedures

 PIC or Visual Observer will veri fy that landing zone is clear

 All personnel in the Sterile Area shal l be notified of imminent sUAS landing

 The PIC will never descend at maximum speed.

 Descents should be conducted smoothly a nd allow the sUAS to hover for a several seconds over the landing zone in ca se of environmental turbulences.

 The PIC will ensure landing gear is extended and appears serviceable

 The PIC will approach the ground care fully and account for ground effect during the touchdown phase.

 Power will be decreased smoothly to allow for gentle contact with the ground or landing zone.

 The transmitter should be turned off before approaching the sUAS

 All personnel will wait until rotors have comp letely stopped before proceeding to recover

Recovery

Recovery operations include UAS post -flight maintenance and disassembly, documentation of flights, and post flight debriefing.

Post-Flight Checks

 Once a safe landing is completed whereby rotors and motors have completely stopped, disconnect the airc raft battery systems

 Conduct a visual inspection of the airfram e - look for cracks and structurally integrity.

 Conduct a visual inspection of the rotors - looking for cracks, breaks, structural integrity, and that they are secured properly.

 Check charge of all batteries (sUAS, GCS, and radio transmitters)

 Discharge and charge batteries in accordance with manufacturer’s

recommendations.

 Disassemble and store sUAS components as applicable

Logging Flight and Duty Time

Position AbbreviationsValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 24 Use the following symbols to record duty time when performing crewmember functions:

PIC: Pilot-In-Command

VO: Visual Observer SP: Supplemental Pilot SO: Sensor Operator

Mission Abbreviations

Use the following symbols to specify the mission type: C: configuration ve rification flight. M: maintenance test flight. S: service missions, other than C, M, or T. T: training flight for individual qualifi cation, refresher, or mission rehearsal

Individual records

Each crewmember will be responsible for maintain ing his or her individual flight log. The flight experience and qualification data for each crewme mber will be documented in their individual flight log and kept in traini ng folder on site at Valero.

At a minimum a copy of the following will be maintained:

Pilot certificate
Medical certificate Crew Qualification Training OSHA required training Site specific training Transportation Worker Identificatio n Credentials- TWICs Card (Copy)

These records will be kept on file for

Crewmembers in operational positions. Crewmembers in nonoperational positions Other personnel authorized to take part in flights, and Persons attending qualification training but no yet certified.

sUAS Maintenance Procedures

The sUAS systems are nearly maintenance free; it performs many automatic preflight checks autonomously. Checks which cannot be done by th e system will be perf ormed by a qualified operator prior to each fli ght and following recovery.

ReliabilityValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 25 The system is designed for maximum reliab ility and to maintain performance over its life. The only components experienci ng routine wear are rotors, batteries, motors, and landing legs. Battery and moto r conditions are monitored by the system with deviations reported to the operator. Contact with other objects during flight may cause other components, particularly rotors, and motor arms, to become damage d. Damaged components are likely to be detected during the full visual inspection of the airframe performed before and after each flight. Structural damage affecting flig ht characteristics will be detected by onboard sensors.

The sUAS system detects numerous conditions wh ich may make flying unsafe, such as reduced GPS accuracy, magnetic anomalies, low battery ch arge, battery cell imbala nces and temperature fluctuations. The crew is responsible for monitoring the conditions of the self-checking components and systems.

Maintenance

a. Maintenance will be performed by trained Va lero personnel or the OEM in accordance with the OEM recommended maintenance pr actices to include but not limited to:

i. Arms
ii. Batteries
iii. Body
iv. Electronic Speed Controllers

v. Landing Gear Components
vi. Rotors
vii. Motors
viii. Transmitters
ix. Receivers

x. Position Sensors
xi. Payloads
xii. Gimbals
xiii. Position Lights
xiv. Flight Controller

xv. Software Updates
xvi. On-Screen Display

b. Valero shall comply with all manufacture r Safety Bulletins or equivalent pertaining
to their sUAS.

c. Valero will document and maintain a record of the sUAS maintenance, preventative maintenance, and alterations . See Appendix A, sUAS Maintenance Logbook.

d. Maintenance or repairs that may affect the sUAS operation or flight characteristics shall undergo a test flight. A test flight will adequately check the co mponent which underwentValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 26 maintenance. This test flight shall be recorded in the sUAS’s maintenance records.

e. Crew members will ensure that a tool k it and spare parts are available for deployment to allow for remedy of field re pairs {e.g. tightening loose screws, replacing antennas, changing pod straps, etc.).

Documentation

All maintenance actions, incl uding inspections, preventativ e maintenance, alterations, repairs and total time of service, will be documented by appropriate personnel. The maintenance logbook will be maintained on each aircraft and will include:

a. sUAS Type and Model

b. sUAS Serial Number

c. sUAS Registration Number

d. Total time in Service

e. Airframe
f. Batteries

g. Ground Control Station

h. Powerplant

i. Rotor j. Date of Service

k. Description of Work Performed

l. Name and signature of trained Valero personnel or OEM performing the work

A flight log will also be kept on each airc raft and include the following information

a. sUAS Type and Model

b. sUAS Serial Number

c. sUAS Registration Number

d. Flight Identification

e. Date of Flight

f. Time of flight

g. PIC

h. Purpose

i. Remarks

An example of each log is contained in A ppendix A: Examples of sUAS Maintenance Log , Battery Maintenance Log and sUAS Flight Log.

Emergency Response Plan

Refer to Valero’s Services, Inc primary Em ergency Response Program concerning Initial assessment, notification, site security, and witness data.

It is the responsibility of supe rvisory personnel to evaluate the situation quickly and activate theValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 27 Emergency Response Plan when warra nted and secure the following: Data from memory card. Videotape when available. Relevant paperwork, risk assessment, w eather data, and the mission brief sheet.

Training

Our goal is to provide specific gui dance to insure the highest sta ndards of flight proficiency and operational readiness among crewmembers’ assigned to the mission. As well as holding current certificates, sUAS crewmembers must have successfully completed the training program and competency checks prescribed by the UAS OEM. Training shall be conducted using OEM / Company manuals, publications, chec klists, and relevant documents. All team members will be trained and remain current on the following regulations: FAA Grant of Section 333 Exempt ion for Valero Services, Inc. Limitations of Valero Services, Inc. a pproved FAA Certificates of Authorization 91.13- Careless and Reckless Operation 91.15- Dropping Objects 91.113- Right of way rules 91.126- 91.135: Operating in the vicinity of Airports in Class A, B, C, D, E, G Airspace, and
Restricted and Prohibited Areas NOTAM(s) 91.137-91.145

PIC

Only Valero employees who have successfully completed a rigorous competency assessment evaluation will be selected to operate sUAS. Op erators must demonstrate not only a superior knowledge of the technical issues associated with sUAS systems, including the full range of the capabilities and limitations of the aircraft, but al so must show sound pilo ting techniques and the ability to navigate around structures. In additi on to their other qualifica tions, Valero employees who operate the UAS will undergo an extensive program of hands on flight training in a simulated operational environment. This training will allow operators to gain experience with the specific flight characteristics of the sUAS prior to any actual field operation.

Observers

Must have completed sufficient training to communi cate to the pilot any in structions required to remain clear of conflicting traffic. This traini ng, at a minimum, shall include knowledge of the rules and responsibilities descri bed in the Aeronautical Inform ation Manual (AIM) to include: Operating Near Other Aircraft; Right of Way Rules; Basic VFR Weather Minimums; Knowledge of air traffic and; Radio communications including the us e of approved ATC/pilot phraseology. Hand and arm signals

MaintenanceValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 28 All personnel who are authorized to perform sUAS maintenan ce shall be trained by the OEM and/or an in-house program. In-house training progr ams shall be based on, and consistent with,
the OEM recommended maintenanc e practices and procedures.

Recurrent Training

Members must maintain proficiency in their assigned duties. Members who do not have any documented training or flight time within a span of 90 days will have to show proficiency and meet currency requirements befo re being assigned a mission. Recurrent training is not limited to actual operating skills but include knowledge of pertinent
UAS/aviation information.

Duty and Flight Times

Duty time for PICs, SPs and VOs shall be no mo re 14 duty hours in any consecutive 24 hour period. Maximum flight time of 12 hours. Minimum of 10 hours of uninterrupted rest between duty days.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 29 Definitions and Acronyms The following definitions are used by the FAA’s Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration Office and many UAS organizations to describe relevant differ ences between UAS operations and those of manned aircraft. Other organizatio ns, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and RTCA, Inc., have also developed acronyms and definitions which may differ from those used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Aviation safety inspectors (ASI) may wish to refer to the current ve rsion of ICAO Circular 328, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and RTCA Guidance DO-304, Guid ance Material and Considerations for Unmanned Aircraft Systems, until harmonization of terminology is achieved.

Aircraft

A device used or intended to be used for fli ght in the air, including unmanned aircraft (UA).

Airworthiness

A condition in which the UAS (including the airc raft, airframe, engine, propeller, accessories, appliances, and control st ation (CS)) conforms to its type cer tificate (TC), if a pplicable, and is in condition for safe operation.

Airworthiness Certification

A repeatable process that result s in a documented decision that an aircraft system has been judged to be Airworthy. It is inte nded to verify that the aircraft system can be safely maintained and safely operated by fleet pilots within it s described and documented operational envelope.

Airworthiness Statement

Document required from public UAS applicants dur ing a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) application process which co nfirms aircraft airworthiness.

ATC
Air Traffic Control

ALT
Altitude

Captain

Synonymous with PIC. See PIC for complete definition.

Contingency Operation

An unplanned operation or event that requ ires Aviation Department involvement.

Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA)

An FAA grant of approval for a specific opera tion. COAs may be used as an authorization, issued by the Air Traffic Organization (ATO), to a public operator for a specific UA activity. COAs for civil and commercial operations are only for aircraft that have received an
airworthiness certificate from Aircraft Certif ication Service (AIR). Provisions or limitations may be imposed as part of the approval process to ensure the UA can operate safely with other airspace users. Given by the FAA which grants permission to fly within specific boundaries and perimeters

.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 30 CFR Code of Federal Regulations.

COA
Certificate of Authorization

Congested Area

A congested area is determined on a case-by-cas e basis. The determination should take into
consideration all circumstances , not only the size of an ar ea and the number of homes or structures (e.g., whether the buildin gs are occupied or people are otherwise present, such as on roads).

Cooperative Aircraft

Aircraft that have an electronic means of identification (i.e., a tr ansponder or Automatic Dependent Surveillance—Broadcast (ADS-B ) transceiver) aboa rd in operation.

Crewmember (UAS)

In addition to the crewmembers identified in Ti tle 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 1, a UAS flight crew member includes pilots, sensor/payload operators, and visual observers (VO), but may include other persons as appropriate or required to ensure safe operation of the aircraft.

Crew Resource Management (CRM).
The effective use of all available resources including human, hardware, and information

resources.

Daily Flight Schedule

The published schedule of daily planned activities to make ma ximum and effective use of aviation assets and personnel

Daisy-Chaining

The use of multiple, successive observers to exte nd the flight of a UA beyond the direct visual line-of-sight of any other pilot in command (PIC) or VO.

Deviations

Any departure from scheduled or planned activi ties and/or operations. Preplanned deviations need to be approved by the respective manager

Due Regard

A phase of flight wherein an aircraft commander of a Stat e-operated aircraft assumes responsibility to separate his or he r aircraft from all other aircraft.

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

A preplanned and published set of ge neral guidelines that will be utilized to control and manage an emergency or contingency operation (as necessary) with aviation assets.Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 31 ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival

Experimental Certificate

A type of Special Airworthiness Certificate issued for the purpose s of research and development (R&D), crew training, exhibiti on, and market survey as defined in 14 CFR part 21, § 21.191(a), (c), and (f). (NOTE: According to 14 CFR pa rt 91, § 91.319(a)(2), experimental aircraft may not be used for carrying persons or propert y for compensation or hire.) Commercial UAS operations cannot be conducted with an experimental certificate.

External Pilot

A UAS pilot who flies from outside a control stati on with direct visual co ntact with the aircraft.

FAA
Federal Aviation Administration

FAA-Recognized Equivalent

An FAA recognition that a public agency may ex ercise its own internal processes regarding airworthiness and pilot, airc rew, and maintenance personnel certification and training; furthermore, the agency has determined that its UAS is capable of safe operation in the National Airspace System (NAS) when conducting public airc raft operations under Title 49 of the United States Code (49 U.S.C.) §§ 40102(a)(41) and 40125.

First Flight

First flight of day, or when any crewmember has changed.

Flight Duty

Duty time defined as time preparing fo r, conducting and terminating a flight.

Flight Termination

The intentional and deliberate pr ocess of performing controlled flig ht into terrain (CFIT). Flight
termination should be executed in the event that all other contingencies have been exhausted, and further flight of the aircraft cannot be safely achieved, or other potential hazards exist that require immediate disc ontinuation of flight.

Flight Time

Flying time starts when a sUAS lifts off the ground. Flying time ends when the sUAS has landed and the rotors have stopped moving.

Flyaway

An interruption or loss of the control link, or wh en the pilot is unable to effect control of the aircraft and, as a result, the UA is not ope rating in a predicable or planned manner.

GPS Global Positioning SystemValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 32 HAZMAT
Hazardous Material

Incident

An occurrence other than an accident, associated w ith the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.

Lost Link

The loss of command-and-control link contact with the remotely piloted aircraft such that the remote pilot can no longer manage the aircraft’s flight.

National Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) The regulatory authority controlling civil airs pace. Authority or rule making body with enforcement powers regarding airspace use.

Non-Cooperative Aircraft

Aircraft that do not have an electronic means of identifica tion (e.g., a transponder) aboard or that have inoperative equipment becau se of malfunction or deliberate action.

NOTAM
Notice to Airmen

Observer

A trained person who assists a UAS pilot in the duties associated with collision avoidance and navigational awareness through elec tronic or visual means. Collision avoidance includes, but is not limited to, avoidance of other traffic, clouds, obstructions, terr ain and navigational awareness. A visual observer ( VO) is a trained person who assists the UAS pilot by visual
means in the duties associated with collision av oidance. A VO includes the OPA pilot when the OPA is being operated as a UAS.

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

Off-Airport

Any location used to launch, recover or operate an aircraft that is not c onsidered an airport (e.g., an open field). Optionally Piloted Aircraft (OPA) An aircraft that is integrated with UAS technol ogy and still retains the capability of being flown by an onboard pilot using conve ntional control methods (see OPA Safety Pilot, below).

OPA Safety Pilot

The PIC that is responsible for ensuring the safe operation of an Optionally Piloted Aircraft (OPA), whether under remote control or onboard control, for the purposes of overriding the automated control system in the case of ma lfunction or any other hazardous situation.

Pilot Duty Period

The period beginning when a flight crew member is required to re port for duty with theValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 33 intention of conducting a flight and ending when the aircraft is park ed after the last flight. It includes the period of time before a flight or be tween flights that a pilo t is working without an intervening rest period.

Pilot in Command (PIC)

The person who has final authority and responsibility for the opera tion and safety of flight, has been designated as PIC before or during the flight, and holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating, if applicable, for the conduct of the flight. The responsib ility and authority of the PIC as described by § 91.3 apply to the UA PIC. The PIC position may rotate duties as necessary with equally qualified pilots. The in dividual designated as PIC may change during flight. (NOTE: The PIC can only be the PIC for one aircraft at a time . For an OPA, the PIC should meet UAS guidance requirements for trai ning, pilot licensing, and medical requirements when operating an OPA as a UAS.) The PIC of a ny flight, as designated on the flight schedule, will be in complete charge of the craft's operatio n, performance, safety, and security and is the final authority as to its operation in accordan ce with CFR regulations and Company Policies and
directives.

Safety Risk Management (SRM)

A formalized, proactive approach to system sa fety. SRM is a methodology that ensures hazards are identified; risks are analyzed, assessed, a nd prioritized; and results are documented for decision-makers to transfer, elim inate, accept, or mitigate risk.

Scheduled Maintenance (Routine). The performance of maintenance ta sks at prescribed intervals.

Sensor Operator The person responsible for operating the sensor payload attached to the UA.

Supplemental Pilot

Pilots assigned UAS flight dutie s to augment the PIC. It is common for operators to have both
an internal and an ex ternal UAS pilot. The supplemental pilot can assume either of these positions. The supplemental pilot may also assume duties of the PIC if the specified qualifications are met.

TSA Transportation Security Administration

Unscheduled Maintenance (Non routine). The performance of maintenan ce tasks that are unplanned.

Unmanned Aircraft (UA)

A device used or intended to be used for flight in the air that has no onboard pilot. This device excludes missiles, weapons, or exploding warheads, but includes all classes of airplanes, helicopters, airships, and powered -lift aircraft without an onboa rd pilot. UAs do not include traditional balloons (refer to 14 CFR part 101), rockets, and unpowered gliders.

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)Valero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 34 A UA and its associated elements related to safe operations, which may include control stations (ground-, ship-, or air-based), control links, s upport equipment, payloads, Flight Termination Systems (FTS), and launch/recovery equipment.

VFR Visual Flight Rules

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)

Unaided (corrective lenses and/ or sunglasses exempted) visual contact between a PIC or a VO
and a UA sufficient to maintain sa fe operational control of the airc raft, know its location, and be able to scan the airspace in whic h it is operating to see and avoid other air traffic or objects aloft or on the groundValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 35 Appendix A

Aircraft Flight Log

UAS
MAKE MODEL REGISTRATION
NUMBER CYCLES FLIGHT
TIME

CARRIED FORWARD

DATE PAYLOAD LOCATION PILOT IN
COMMAND MISSION

TOTALS

Aircraft Maintenance Log

UAS
MAKE MODEL REGISTRATION
NUMBER

DATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND SIGNATUREValero sUAS Operations Manual Rev: Org. Date: 12/15/15 36 Battery Maintenance Log

BATTERY

MAKE PART
NUMBER SERIAL
NUMBER

BROUGHT FORWARD CHARGE
CYCLES

DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND SIGNATURE

Total Charge Cycles

sUAS Maintenance Log

Platform Component Key:
Regristration S = Software M =Motors B =Battery
S/N A = Airframe R =Rotors P =Payload

Date Component Description of work performed Work Performed By