U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800

Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001

70–644 PDF 2011

S. HRG. 111–1084 

NOMINATIONS TO THE 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

AND THE FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, 

SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

NOVEMBER 30, 2010 

Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

( 

(II) 

SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia, Chairman 

DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii 

JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts 

BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota 

BARBARA BOXER, California 

BILL NELSON, Florida 

MARIA CANTWELL, Washington 

FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey 

MARK PRYOR, Arkansas 

CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri 

AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota 

TOM UDALL, New Mexico 

MARK WARNER, Virginia 

MARK BEGICH, Alaska 

KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas, Ranking 

OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine 

JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada 

JIM DEMINT, South Carolina 

JOHN THUNE, South Dakota 

ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi 

GEORGE S. LEMIEUX, Florida 

JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia 

DAVID VITTER, Louisiana 

SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas 

MIKE JOHANNS, Nebraska 

ELLEN L. DONESKI, Staff Director 

JAMES REID, Deputy Staff Director 

BRUCE H. ANDREWS, General Counsel 

ANN BEGEMAN, Acting Republican Staff Director (change after 3/24) 

BRIAN M. HENDRICKS, Republican General Counsel 

NICK ROSSI, Republican Chief Counsel 

(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

Page 

Hearing held on November 30, 2010 ...................................................................... 1 

Statement of Senator Rockefeller ........................................................................... 1 

Statement of Senator Hutchison ............................................................................ 2 

Statement of Senator Lautenberg .......................................................................... 3 

WITNESSES

Scott Doney, Ph.D., Chief Scientist-Designate, NOAA, U.S. Department of 

Commerce ............................................................................................................. 5 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 6 

Biographical information ................................................................................. 7 

Mario Cordero, Federal Maritime Commissioner-Designate ............................... 35 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 36 

Biographical information ................................................................................. 37 

Hon. Rebecca F. Dye, Commissioner, Federal Maritime Commission ................ 44 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 45 

Biographical information ................................................................................. 46 

APPENDIX

Hon. John F. Kerry, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, prepared statement .... 63 

U.S. Representative Laura Richardson of California (D–37th Congressional 

District), prepared statement .............................................................................. 63 

Response to written questions submitted to Scott Doney, Ph.D. by: 

Hon. John D. Rockefeller IV ............................................................................ 64 

Hon. Maria Cantwell ........................................................................................ 65 

Hon. Frank R. Lautenberg ............................................................................... 68 

Response to written questions submitted by Hon. Frank R. Lautenberg to: 

Mario Cordero ................................................................................................... 68 

Hon. Rebecca F. Dye ........................................................................................ 70 

(1) 

NOMINATIONS TO THE 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

AND THE FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2010 

U.S. SENATE, 

COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, 

Washington, DC. 

The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:33 p.m. in room 

SR–253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. John D. Rockefeller 

IV, Chairman of the Committee, presiding. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM WEST VIRGINIA 

The CHAIRMAN. If everybody could just calm down for a moment. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. Let me say, here at the beginning, I want to welcome our House colleague, Congresswoman Laura Richardson, who 

represents Long Beach, about which we will be talking. We appreciate your being with us and your statement will be a part of the 

record. I thank you. 

So, we’re going to do three nominations today. 

And, Madam Vice Chairman, when we’ve done that, and with 

your permission, if we can have the vote on it, after one of the 

votes on the floor, we will have done all nominations pertaining to 

the Commerce Committee, with the exception of one which didn’t 

submit the paperwork until much too late. So, that’s a good record. 

Senator HUTCHISON. It is. 

The CHAIRMAN. We got our job done. Right? 

Senator HUTCHISON. Of course. We have a good Chairman. 

The CHAIRMAN. That’s right. And a good Vice Chairman. 

Senator HUTCHISON. Not to mention the staff that leads us in the 

right direction. 

The CHAIRMAN. Dr. Scott Doney is being considered for the Office 

of Chief Scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Mr. Mario Cordero and Rebecca Dye, to be commissioners of 

Federal Maritime Commission. It’s an honor for us to have you before us, because you’re serving your country. People do it in many 

ways, and it’s hard. I wish I were a scientist. I’m not. You surely 

are. The Maritime Commission isn’t known by everybody, but it 

really does important work and hopefully you’re going to be there, 

or continue to be there. 

NOAA’s Administrator, Dr. Jane Lubchenco, has dedicated herself to advancing research, science, innovation and technology at 

2 

NOAA. Dr. Doney’s nomination as chief scientist is an important 

step in maintaining NOAA’s status as a top science agency, which 

is very important in any government, in any Executive Branch, but 

particularly in this one, where there’s a lot of pride in the science 

aspect of what they do. 

We’ll consider two nominations today to the Federal Maritime 

Commission, a little known, but very important independent regulatory agency. People love regulatory agencies, don’t they? 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. I am pleased that two very qualified, in my judgment, individuals have been selected to serve on it. Mr. Cordero 

and Ms. Dye will have the balance and the wisdom to do something 

which nobody has ever figured out how to do, which is to figure 

out: What is a proper balance between the needs of the shippers 

and the needs of consumers and businesses importing and exporting products? It won’t be easy, but I trust that you will be up for 

the challenge. 

Mr. Cordero comes from Long Beach, California, where he served 

as President of the Board of Long Beach Harbor Commissioners. 

But, we go on from there: He played an important role in implementing the port’s pioneering and much-recognized Clean Trucks 

program and Green Port policy, which I will be interested to hear 

about. 

Mrs. Dye has served on the Federal Maritime Commission for 8 

years. Before that, she served as Counsel for the Coast Guard. I’m 

impressed. I like the Coast Guard. It is underfunded and, like 

many agencies in government, not treated properly. But, they are 

by us, are they not? 

Senator HUTCHISON. Absolutely. Absolutely. 

The CHAIRMAN. And—so, you’ve done that. You’ve also served the 

Maritime Administration, in the Department of Transportation, 

and worked in the House of Representatives. I look forward to 

hearing the results of Mrs. Dye’s recent investigation into vessel 

capacity shortages. I commend her for leading such a comprehensive effort and for her service at the Federal Maritime Commission. 

And so, ending up my long speech, I thank the nominees for testifying today, and I urge a speedy confirmation for them. 

And I now turn to my distinguished colleague, Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, of Texas. Just let it be said, in an era of apparent 

conflict and malfunction in the Congress, here are two people who 

do not have conflict and malfunction. We’re an operating team. We 

get stuff done. I want to hear from her, and I also want to hear 

from our Subcommittee Chairman, Mr. Frank Lautenberg. And 

then we’ll proceed to your statements. 

STATEMENT OF HON. KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS 

Senator HUTCHISON. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate what you said, and agree with it completely. It has been a joy 

to work with you as Chairman. 

And I welcome all of you here. 

These are very important positions: the Maritime Commissioners 

and the NOAA Chief Scientist. 

3 

And, of course, being from a Gulf State, I know that NOAA and 

weather prediction are very important. And I will tell you that the 

technology of the last 10 to 15 years has been immensely helpful 

in the predictions of when a hurricane is going to hit, how forceful 

it’s going to be, and what the route is. And it’s amazingly accurate. 

And I know that our most recent terrible hurricane, Ike, which hit 

in 2008, NOAA’s advanced hurricane warnings did definitely minimize the loss of life. And I will say the property damage was huge, 

but we were able to open our ports to commerce quickly because 

we did know what was going to happen, from the predictions. 

Dr. Doney, we haven’t had a Chief Scientist at NOAA for about 

10 years. I’m looking forward to knowing what you plan to bring 

to the table there, as the Chief Scientist, because there are some 

important issues that you will face. Striking the balance of social, 

economic, and environmental goals, and maintaining our transparent process for carrying out the mandates and policies at NOAA 

are very important. The oil in the Gulf of Mexico accounts for 27 

percent of our Nation’s domestic oil production and 15 percent of 

the natural gas production. And it’s very important for our economy and for the fuel that we need for our economy. So, we need 

to make sure that our science is sound in the predictions and also 

the effects of this enterprise in our waters. 

NOAA has a good record of outreach to our students to encourage 

them to go into STEM education, which, of course, is an area where 

we feel America is lacking. And this committee has been very 

proactive in encouraging America’s competitiveness through the 

America COMPETES Act. And I hope that NOAA will continue 

that record, because we need to encourage our young people to go 

into science, technology, and math for careers, in order to stay competitive, internationally. 

The Port of Houston is very important in my state, and the Maritime Commission has a lot to say and do about our maritime activities. The task of regulating and ensuring the stability of our transportation system on the waters is a big job, and an important one. 

So, I certainly look forward to looking at your credentials and your 

ideas, which look very good, from everything that I have seen. 

So, with that, thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Senator Hutchison. 

Senator Lautenberg. 

STATEMENT OF HON. FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY 

Senator LAUTENBERG. Thanks very much, Mr. Chairman. 

This committee has the important responsibility of overseeing 

both the Federal Maritime Commission and NOAA. And I want to 

thank these nominees for agreeing to provide their services to the 

American people. 

With international commerce growing as it has, the Federal Maritime Commission makes sure that our Nation’s ports remain competitive and can meet the demand—the growing demand placed on 

them. This is especially vital in my State, New Jersey, which is the 

home of Port Newark, the largest port on the East Coast, generating $20 billion a year in economic activity. The Port of Newark 

is the lifeblood of, not just our region’s economy, but also our NaVerDate Nov 24 2008 12:20 Oct 13, 2011 Jkt 070644 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 S:\GPO\DOCS\70644.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE
4 

tion’s economy. The importance of ports like these cannot be overstated. 

In 2001, when the Port of Long Beach, in California, was shut down because of a labor dispute, it cost the economy $1 billion a 

day. And it’s essential that we make sure that our ports remain 

safe, secure, and strong. 

And, Mrs. Dye and Mr. Cordero, I know you understand and appreciate this mission. 

Ms. Dye, I look forward to hearing your views on FMC’s work 

during your services there, since 2002, and how you plan to further 

its mission in the future. 

And, Mr. Cordero, you bring a valuable new perspective to the 

Commission, and we’re anxious to hear from you. I look forward to 

hearing your views on how ports can both be environmentally conscious and economically competitive. 

NOAA also plays a critical part in our Nation’s success, alerting 

us to the dangerous weathers that—weather, charting the seas and 

the skies, and guiding the use of our ocean and coastal resource. 

It’s also a key player in environmental protection, conducting research that strengthens our understanding and stewardship of the 

world in which we live. As Chief Scientist, Dr. Doney, you’ll play 

a vital role in ensuring the scientific integrity of the information 

gathered by NOAA. 

Dr. Doney has decades of experience as a researcher and as an 

expert on ocean acidification, a serious threat to the life and the 

well-being of our oceans altogether. And I wrote a law last year 

that establishes NOAA as the lead Federal agency in coordinating 

research on ocean acidification. Our oceans are now 30 percent 

more acidic than they were before industrial emissions began. More 

acidic oceans threaten the creatures at the base of the marine food 

chain, because their shells cannot form with sufficient strength to 

protect them. But, we need more—much more information on this 

looming threat, and the Chief Scientist’s role at NOAA plays a critical part in generating that information. 

I’m eager to hear from all our nominees about how they’ll tackle 

these and other challenges that will come before them. And I thank 

you for being here. 

Thank you. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Senator, very much. 

Mr. Doney, I’m going to ask you to be the first. But, I want to 

ask you, Does MIT own the Oceanographic Institute? What’s the 

relationship? 

Dr. DONEY. We’re actually two independent institutions, but we 

share—— 

The CHAIRMAN. You collaborate. 

Dr. DONEY.—an education program together. 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. 

Dr. DONEY. So, we teach students together. 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. So, you got your Ph.D. from MIT. 

Dr. DONEY. Yes. 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. 

Dr. DONEY. Well, yes, Woods Hole also can grant Ph.D.’s, but it’s 

actually a joint degree between the two institutions. 

The CHAIRMAN. Well, then you have two Ph.D.’s. 

5 

Dr. DONEY. And—— 

[Laughter.] 

Dr. DONEY. They charge—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Please proceed. 

Dr. DONEY. —they’d charge me twice for tuition if I said that. 

The CHAIRMAN. Did they? OK. 

[Laughter.] 

STATEMENT OF SCOTT DONEY, PH.D., 

CHIEF SCIENTIST-DESIGNATE, NOAA, 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Dr. DONEY. So, Chairman Rockefeller, Ranking Member 

Hutchison, and honorable members of the Committee, thank you 

for the opportunity today to speak with you. 

I’m honored and humbled to be here as President Obama’s nominee for Chief Scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration. 

I also would like to acknowledge Secretary Locke and Under Secretary Lubchenco for their gracious support of my nomination. 

I’d also like to thank my family, and particularly my wife, Andrea, who runs her own small engineering firm; and son Grant; my 

older brother Brett, who has worked for many years as a regional 

economic developer, in Massachusetts, Maine, Montana; and my 

mother, who’s at home, in Brunswick, Maine. 

I especially want to thank—sorry—my late great-aunt Lilly, who 

supported my college education and encouraged me to follow my 

dream of becoming an oceanographer. With her help, I was able to 

take a term off of college to participate in my first oceanographic 

research expedition aboard a sail training vessel, the R/V Westward. This experience crystallized, for me, a life-long excitement in 

the sea and its important roles in society. 

I’m also very grateful to the numerous scientific colleagues 

who’ve assisted me over my career, and particularly those at the 

National Center for Atmospheric Research, in Boulder, Colorado, 

where I spent about a decade working, and in my present faculty 

position at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 

The central focus of my research is on the cycling of carbon, in 

its many forms, within the ocean and between the ocean, the atmosphere, and the land-biosphere. Along the way, I’ve also been involved in studies of marine and terrestrial ecology, ocean and atmospheric physics, climate, and, most recently, environmental economics. 

I take great pride in teaching and mentoring students and young 

scientists. I also strive to make my science more accessible for the 

public and decisionmakers through my writing, lecturing, and engagement with stakeholder groups. 

My background touches on many aspects of the research being 

done today at NOAA, and on how science feed into NOAA’s roles 

in stewardship and service. I also worked directly with many of the 

tools that are central to NOAA science: oceanographic field research, numerical models, Earth-observing systems, satellite remote sensing, and data assimilation. 

I’m fortunate to work closely with a number of scientific groups 

within NOAA. This includes having served as the joint leader of 

6 

two oceanographic research expeditions on NOAA ships; and, two 

summers ago, I was part of an external review committee for 

NOAA’s premier science laboratory in Seattle, Washington. 

I also lead a grassroots effort to coordinate ocean chemical and 

ecological research across the National Science Foundation, NASA, 

and NOAA. 

Filling the Chief Scientist position at NOAA would enhance the 

visibility of research across the agency and highlight the critical 

role science plays in all aspects of NOAA’s mission. The success of 

NOAA’s research enterprise depends critically on recruiting and retaining the best scientists and technicians. An important element 

is maintaining NOAA’s reputation as a place where topnotch scientists can pursue world-class research while solving problems that 

are directly relevant to our society. Another element is cultivating 

future scientists through improved science education, which also 

has many wider benefits for communities and businesses. 

There are a number of opportunities to better integrate research 

across NOAA and with its external partners, and to more effectively translate science into useful products for decisionmakers, research managers, and the public. Timely information about the 

ocean, the atmosphere, and marine ecosystems is increasingly important for both individuals and companies, whether it’s in the 

form of better weather forecasts or assessments of the health of 

coastal ecosystems and fisheries. 

Mr. Chairman, members of the Committee, if confirmed, I look 

forward to working with you on ensuring that NOAA is generating 

and using the highest quality science and in a timely fashion. 

Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions. 

[The prepared statement and biographical information of Dr. 

Doney follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF SCOTT DONEY, PH.D., CHIEF SCIENTIST-DESIGNATE, 

NOAA, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Chairman Rockefeller, Ranking Member Hutchinson, and honorable members of 

the Committee, thank you for the opportunity today to speak with you. I am honored and humbled to be here as President Obama’s nominee for Chief Scientist of 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. I also would like to acknowledge Secretary Locke and Under Secretary Lubchenco for their gracious support of 

my nomination. 

I would like to thank my family, in particular my wife Andrea, who runs her own 

small engineering firm and my son Grant. My older brother Brett, who has worked 

for many years as a regional economic developer in Massachusetts, Maine and Montana. And my mother, who is at home in Brunswick, Maine. 

I especially want to thank my late great-aunt Lillie, who supported my college 

education and encouraged me to follow my dream of becoming an oceanographer. 

With her help, I was able to take a term off from college to participate in an oceanographic research expedition aboard the sail-training vessel R/V Westward. This experience crystallized for me a life-long excitement in the sea and its important roles 

in society. 

I am also very grateful to the numerous scientific colleagues who have assisted 

me over my career, in particular those at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, in Boulder, Colorado, where I worked for over a decade, and in my present 

faculty position at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 

The central focus of my research is the cycling of carbon in its many forms within 

the ocean and between the ocean, atmosphere and land biosphere. Along the way, 

I have also been involved in studies of marine and terrestrial ecology, ocean and 

atmosphere physics, climate, and most recently environmental economics. 

7 

I take great pride in teaching and mentoring students and young scientists. I also 

strive to make science more accessible for the public and decisionmakers through 

my writing, lecturing and engagement with stakeholder groups. 

My background touches on many aspects of the research being done today at 

NOAA and on how science feeds into NOAA’s roles in stewardship and service. I 

also work directly with many of the tools that are central to NOAA science: oceanographic field research; numerical models; Earth observing systems; satellite remote 

sensing; and data assimilation. 

I am fortunate to work closely with a number of science groups within NOAA. 

This includes having served as the joint leader of two oceanographic research expeditions on NOAA ships. Two summers ago, I was part of an external review committee for NOAA’s premier science laboratory in Seattle, Washington. I also lead a 

grass-roots effort to coordinate ocean chemical and ecological research across NSF, 

NASA and NOAA. 

Filling the Chief Scientist position at NOAA would enhance the visibility of research across the agency and highlight the critical role science plays in all aspects 

of NOAA’s mission. The success of NOAA’s research enterprise depends critically on 

recruiting and retaining the best scientists and technicians. An important element 

is maintaining NOAA’s reputation as a place where top-notch scientists can pursue 

world-class research while solving problems that are directly relevant to our society. 

Another element is cultivating future scientists through improved science education, 

which has many wider benefits for communities and businesses as well. 

There are also opportunities to better integrate research across NOAA and with 

its external partners and to more effectively translate science into useful products 

for decisionmakers, resource managers, and the public. Timely information about 

the ocean, atmosphere and marine ecosystems is increasingly important for both individuals and companies, whether it is in the form of improved weather forecasts 

or assessments of the health of coastal ecosystems and fisheries. 

Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, if confirmed, I look forward to 

working with you on ensuring that NOAA is generating and using the highest quality science in a timely fashion. 

Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions. 

A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Scott Christopher Doney. 

2. Position to which nominated: Chief Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

3. Date of Nomination: August 5, 2010. 

4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses): 

Residence: Information not released to the public. 

Office: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods 

Hole, MA 02543. 

5. Date and Place of Birth: September 8, 1964; Redondo Beach, CA. 

6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your spouse (if married) and the names and ages of your children (including stepchildren and children 

by a previous marriage). 

Wife—Andrea Diane Gosselin, President, Cape Structural Consultants; son— 

Grant Arthur Doney, 12. 

7. List all college and graduate degrees. Provide year and school attended. 

University of California, San Diego, BA, Chemistry, June 1986. 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

Joint Program, PhD, Chemical Oceanography, September 1991. 

8. List all post-undergraduate employment, and highlight all management-level 

jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to the position for which you are 

nominated. 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and 

Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA: Associate Scientist with tenure (2002–2005); 

Senior Scientist (2005 to present). 

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Boulder, CO: Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellow (1991–1993); 

Scientist I (1993–1997); Scientist II (1997–1999); Scientist III (tenured) (1999– 

2002);. 

8 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

Joint Program, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA: NSF Graduate Fellow (1987 

–1990); Graduate Research Assistant WHOI and MIT (1986–1987; 1990–1991). 

9. Attach a copy of your resume. A copy is attached. 

10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other than those listed above, within the last 5 years. 

National Science Program Leadership 

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Program (NSF, NASA & NOAA): 

• Scientific Steering Committee, Chair (inaugural), 2006 to present 

• PIOCB Project Office, 2006 to present 

Community Climate System Model (CCSM) (NSF and DOE): 

• Co-Chair Biogeochemistry Working Group, 1998–2007 

• Scientific Steering Committee, 2002 to present 

U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program (U.S. Global Change Research Program and 

Interagency Working Group): 

• Scientific Steering Group, 2002 to present 

• Chair of Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) Scientific Steering Group, 

2005 to present 

CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Scientific Steering Committee (NOAA and 

NSF), 2002 to present 

Ocean Acidification Task Force (OATF) formed by the Ocean Research and Resources Advisory Panel (ORRAP) (a United States Federal Advisory Committee), 

taskforce member, 2010 to present 

National Science Foundation 

Geosciences Directorate, GEO Vision working group, 2006–2008 

Geosciences Directorate Assistant Director, Search Committee, 2007 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), external reviewer 2008 

Office of Global Programs, Global Carbon Cycle program science panel, 2006– 

2008 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Aerosol-Cloud-Ocean Mission Concept Study Science Working Group, 2007 

National Research Council 

Committee Member, ‘‘Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean 

Acidification Monitoring, Research, and Impacts Assessment,’’ National Research Council Ocean Studies Board, 2009–2010 

Committee Member, ‘‘Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas 

Concentrations’’ National Research Council Board of Atmospheric Sciences and 

Climate, 2009 to present 

11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee, partner, proprietor, 

agent, representative, or consultant of any corporation, company, firm, partnership, 

or other business, enterprise, educational, or other institution within the last 5 

years. 

The Oceanography Society, Council Member (at-large representative), 2009 to 

present 

Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea (COMPASS): 

• Science Advisor, 2009 to present 

• COMPASS Climate Initiative, Co-Chair, 2009 to present 

Sea Education Association (SEA), Corporation overseer, 2006 to present; Distinguished Lecturer, 2006–2007; Trustee, 2009 to present 

American Geophysical Union 

• Search Committee, James B. Macelwane Medal, 2007 and 2008 

• Search Committee, Editor for Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004 

9 

• Journal of Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences, Associate Editor, 2004 to 

present 

Ecosystems Center, External Review Committee Member, the Marine Biological 

Laboratory, Woods Hole, 2009 

American Institute of Physics Physics Today, Advisory Committee Member, 

2009–2012 

European Geophysical Union Ocean Science, Editorial Advisory Board, 2009 to 

present 

Faculty of 1000, Member Ecology Section, www.facultyof1000.com, 2004 to 

present 

AAAS Science magazine, Board of Reviewing Editors, 2007 to present 

Princeton University Press, external reviewer of a textbook, 2009 

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, organized science meeting on ocean acidification, 2009 

Agouron Institute, external reviewer for science program, 2006 

12. Please list each membership you have had during the past 10 years or currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational, political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religious organization, private club, or other membership organization. Include dates of membership and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note whether any such club or organization restricts membership 

on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or handicap. 

American Geophysical Union, 1988 to present (member; also see above) 

The Oceanography Society, 1990 to present (member; also see above) 

American Meteorological Society, 1992 to present 

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 2008 to present 

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2007 to present, (member; also see above) 

Sigma Xi, 2010 to present 

USA Swimming, meet official, 2007 to present 

U.S. Masters Swimming, 2005 to present 

CPR Trainer (volunteer), Falmouth Fire Department, Falmouth MA, 2002 to 

present 

Louisville Volunteer Fire Department, Louisville CO, 1993–2002 (firefighter, 

training officer, medical coordinator, treasurer, membership committee) 

U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary (Woods Hole Station flotilla), 2002–2004 

13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office (elected, nonelected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any campaign has any outstanding 

debt, the amount, and whether you are personally liable for that debt: No. 

14. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign organization, political party, political action committee, or similar entity of $500 or more for the 

past 10 years. Also list all offices you have held with, and services rendered to, a 

state or national political party or election committee during the same period. 

Barack Obama—$1,000, 6/8/2007 (spouse) 

John Kerry—$500, 8/6/2004 (spouse) 

John Kerry—$250, 1/20/2004 (self) 

15. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition for outstanding service or 

achievements. 

W. Van Alan Clark Sr. Chair, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2007 

American Geophysical Union, Editor’s Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, 

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2005 

Aldo Leopold Leadership Program, Fellow, 2004 

Ocean and Climate Change Institute (OCCI) Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic 

Institution, 2003–2006 

James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2000 

Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2000 

Outstanding Student Poster Award, American Geophysical Union, 1990 

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1987–1990 

10 

Urey Award, Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, 

1986 

Phi Beta Kappa, 1986 

University of California at San Diego Alumni Scholarship, 1983–1984 

16. Please list each book, article, column, or publication you have authored, individually or with others. Also list any speeches that you have given on topics relevant to the position for which you have been nominated. Do not attach copies of 

these publications unless otherwise instructed. 

See attached lists of publications and speeches. 

17. Please identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in writing 

before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity and specify the 

date and subject matter of each testimony. 

U.S. House of Representatives Testimony, Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, hearing on ‘‘The Federal 

Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act: H.R. 4174’’ (June 2008). 

U.S. Senate Testimony, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 

Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries and Coast Guard, hearing on 

‘‘Effects of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification on Living Marine Resources’’ 

(May 2007). 

18. Given the current mission, major programs, and major operational objectives 

of the department/agency to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish 

to serve in that position? 

My experience as a working research scientist, educator, and leader in the ocean 

science community position me well for the Chief Scientist job at NOAA. I have a 

strong interdisciplinary background that will allow me to guide and help integrate 

ocean, atmosphere and ecosystem science across the agency. My scientific career 

began as a graduate student at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) 

where I studied ocean chemistry and oceanographic field research. I benefited greatly from a decade spent at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 

where I was trained and worked on ocean and atmospheric modeling and Earth observing systems. Today I lead a vigorous research group at WHOI that combines 

laboratory and field studies, numerical models, and satellite remote sensing to address relevant societal problems. The central focus of my research is the cycling of 

carbon in its many forms within the ocean and between the ocean, atmosphere and 

land biosphere. Along the way, I have also been involved in studies on marine and 

terrestrial ecosystems, ocean and atmosphere physics, climate, and most recently 

environmental economics. 

Over the last two decades, I explored the physical, chemical and biological controls on ocean carbon, with the overall goal of building improved predictive models. 

The chemistry of the sea can strongly influence marine life and ecosystems, which 

led me to my present research on drawing the linkages from ocean chemistry to 

fisheries to human communities and social and economic impacts. These research 

skills are directly relevant to a range of topical issues confronting NOAA and the 

nation, such as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill where key questions surround understanding the transport and fate of organic contaminants and identifying acute and 

chronic ecosystem degradation. My research on ocean acidification also illustrates 

my emphasis on making science accessible for the public and decisionmakers 

through articles and lectures for popular audiences. For example, ocean acidification 

has received increased public visibility due to recent dramatic production declines 

for U.S. West Coast oyster hatcheries, and I have been actively involved in outreach 

with shellfish growers on identifying causes and building solutions. 

I have a good perspective on the challenges and opportunities for NOAA research 

scientists both from my external view as an academic scientist and from an internal 

view from my interactions with NOAA staff. I have worked closely with a number 

of science groups within NOAA, including as joint leader of two oceanographic research expeditions on NOAA ships. Recently I was part of an external review committee for one of the premier NOAA science laboratories. I have held leadership positions in national science professional organizations (e.g., Councilor of The Oceanography Society) and national and international science programs. In particular, I led 

the effort to build a grass-roots ocean science program, the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program, that now coordinates and facilitates marine research 

by investigators working with NASA, NSF and NOAA. I also have long-term experience on the science steering group that works with the Federal inter-agency working 

group on carbon cycle science. At the international level, I have extensive experience 

11 

coordinating U.S. ocean carbon research with colleagues from Europe and other 

countries through different international science organizations. 

The NOAA Chief Scientist helps guide NOAA’s education and workforce training 

initiatives. A significant part of my current responsibilities include teaching and 

mentoring students and young scientists at WHOI and other institutions. As an example, over the last several years I have been part of an NSF Science and Technology Center based out of the University of Hawaii. The Center for Microbial 

Oceanography Research and Education (C–MORE) is developing innovative curriculum for primary and secondary education as well as programs to increase participation in ocean science by under-represented minorities, in particular Hawaiians 

and Pacific Islanders. 

19. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to ensure that the 

department/agency has proper management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in managing a large organization? 

Effective management of the NOAA research enterprise is an important responsibility of the NOAA Chief Scientist and the rest of the NOAA senior management 

team. If confirmed, I will work through existing structures like the NOAA Research 

Council, I will work to see that the highest quality research is conducted at NOAA, 

that the best science is used for stewardship decisions and in creating products for 

the public, and that research plans match the needs across the agency. 

Over my career, I have led numerous research studies and have served as the 

lead scientist on several large, multi-institutional research grants. These projects 

have required me to manage personnel both at my home institution and at other 

academic institutions across the country. Typical projects range in size from a half 

dozen to two dozen participants, and typical grant sizes are $500,000 to $2,000,000. 

While at NCAR, I led the NCAR-wide Biogeosciences Initiative that allocated research resources and coordinated activities linking biology, climate and the carbon 

and water cycles. Currently I chair the scientific steering committee and lead the 

project office for the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program. The OCB 

program helps coordinate and facilitate the research of several hundred U.S. ocean 

scientists by holding topical science workshops and developing outreach products. 

20. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the department/ 

agency, and why? 

There are a number of opportunities for improving aspects of NOAA’s mission 

that are currently working well while at the same time expanding NOAA’s capabilities in other areas to reflect changing demands for science, service and stewardship 

related to the ocean and atmosphere. A first challenge is sustaining the quality of 

the NOAA research effort and maintaining a strong science work force. The longterm health of science at NOAA depends on recruiting and retaining world-class scientists and technicians. This requires innovative approaches for providing scientists 

with appropriate career-long training, mentoring, and research and management opportunities. It also means working through NOAA and other science education programs to develop a pipeline of prepared young scientists and tapping into a more 

diverse work force. 

A second challenge is integrating NOAA’s research efforts across the agency and 

with external partners. Research is spread over several NOAA line offices, and 

science is central to the activities in all of the line offices. A key task is to ensure 

that the mechanisms already in place like the NOAA Research Council are working 

well and to explore other cross-agency approaches for integrating science to stewardship and service. Further, NOAA’s pivotal role in environmental science requires 

strong linkages with other Federal science agencies (e.g., NSF, NASA, USGS, DOE, 

ONR, etc.) and international partners. An ongoing issue that involves both internal 

and external relationships is how best to transition Earth observations that are 

often started as exploratory research projects into the operational observing systems 

that are critical for environmental predictions and services. 

A third challenge is effectively translating the knowledge gained from NOAA’s research, observations and predictions into useful products for decisionmakers, environmental resource managers, and the public. This involves a two-way dialogue between scientists and stakeholder groups to determine what research information is 

available versus what is needed by stakeholders, effective approaches for communicating this information, and new research directions to address unresolved needs. 

B. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation agreements, and 

other continuing dealings with business associates, clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement accounts. 

TIAA/CREF Retirement Account 

12 

Defined benefit retirement plan from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

Vanguard retirement account (spouse) 

Morgan Stanley retirement account (spouse) 

2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal, to maintain 

employment, affiliation, or practice with any business, association or other organization during your appointment? If so, please explain. 

If confirmed, I have arranged for a leave of absence from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution while I am employed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration. 

3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other relationships which 

could involve potential conflicts of interest in the position to which you have been 

nominated: None. 

4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial transaction which you 

have had during the last 10 years, whether for yourself, on behalf of a client, or 

acting as an agent, that could in any way constitute or result in a possible conflict 

of interest in the position to which you have been nominated: None. 

5. Describe any activity during the past 10 years in which you have been engaged 

for the purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and execution of law or public 

policy. 

While at NCAR, I participated in a Science, Engineering and Technology Congressional Visits Day (either spring 2000 or spring 2001), where I met with staff from 

the House Science committee for a discussion on ocean numerical models and highperformance science computing. 

As a scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, I have been asked 

on two occasions to testify before congressional committees to discuss ocean acidification and other topics related to my research (see Question A.17). I have also on 

occasion met with Members of Congress and staff at their request to discuss my research. 

In April, 2009, I presented separate briefings for staff of the Congressional Research Service, House Appropriations Committee, and White House Office of Management and Budget on the topic of ocean acidification. 

6. Explain how you will resolve any potential conflict of interest, including any 

that may be disclosed by your responses to the above items. 

In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with the Office of 

Government Ethics and the Department of Commerce’s designated agency ethics official to identify potential conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will 

be resolved in accordance with the terms of an ethics agreement that I have entered 

into with the Department’s designated agency ethics official and that has been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other potential conflicts of interest. 

C. LEGAL MATTERS

1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics by, or been the 

subject of a complaint to any court, administrative agency, professional association, 

disciplinary committee, or other professional group? If so, please explain: No. 

2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by any Federal, 

State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal, State, county, or municipal entity, other than for a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

3. Have you or any business of which you are or were an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency proceeding or civil litigation? If so, 

please explain: No. 

4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo contendere) of 

any criminal violation other than a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual harassment or 

discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please 

explain: No. 

6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information, favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in connection with your nomination: 

None. 

D. RELATIONSHIP WITH COMMITTEE

1. Will you ensure that your department/agency complies with deadlines for information set by Congressional committees? Yes. 

2. Will you ensure that your department/agency does whatever it can to protect 

Congressional witnesses and whistle blowers from reprisal for their testimony and 

disclosures? Yes. 

13 

3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with firsthand knowledge of matters 

of interest to the Committee? Yes. 

4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly constituted committee of 

the Congress on such occasions as you may be reasonably requested to do so? Yes. 

RESUME OF SCOTT C. DONEY

Senior Scientist 

Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry MS 25 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

266 Woods Hole Road 

Woods Hole, MA 02543 

Education 

Ph.D. Chemical Oceanography, September 1991, Massachusetts Institute of Technology—Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA 

02543 

Thesis titled: ‘‘A Study of North Atlantic Ventilation Using Transient Tracers’’ 

(Dr. William J. Jenkins, advisor) 

B.A. Chemistry (magna cum laude), Japanese Studies Minor, 1986, Revelle College, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 

Professional Experience 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Dept . of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA: Associate Scientist with tenure (2002–2005); Senior 

Scientist (2005–present). 

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Boulder, CO: Scientist I (1993–1997); Scientist II (1997–1999); Scientist III 

(tenured) (1999–2002); Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellow (1991–1993). 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

Joint Program, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA: NSF Graduate Fellow (1987 

–1990); Graduate Research Assistant WHOI and MIT (1986–1987; 1990–1991). 

Friday Harbor Laboratories, Student Participant in Ocean Circulation and Biogeochemical Cycles, summer short-course, instructors J. Sarmiento and P. Rhines, 

(1990). 

University of California at San Diego, Chemistry Department, La Jolla, CA: Grader (1984–1985); Teaching Assistant, Organic Chemistry (1985–1986). 

Goddard Institute for Space Studies, NASA, New York, NY: Summer Intern 

(1985). 

Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA: Student Class W–76, (1984). 

Professional Affiliations 

American Geophysical Union 

The Oceanography Society 

American Meteorological Society 

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography 

Research Interests 

Marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics 

Ocean acidification 

Global carbon cycle 

Climate change 

Academic Honors 

W. Van Alan Clark Sr. Chair, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2007 

American Geophysical Union, Editor’s Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2005 

Aldo Leopold Leadership Program, Fellow, 2004 

Ocean and Climate Change Institute (OCCI) Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic 

Institution 2003–2006 

James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2000 

Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2000 

Outstanding Student Poster Award, American Geophysical Union, 1990 

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1987–1990 

Urey Award, Dept. of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, 1986 

Phi Beta Kappa, 1986 

14 

University of California at San Diego Alumni Scholarship, 1983–1984 

External Professional Activities 

National and International Science Program Leadership 

Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Program (NSF, NASA and NOAA): 

Scientific Steering Committee, Chair (inaugural), 2006–present 

PI OCB Project Office, 2006–present 

Community Climate System Model (CCSM): 

Co-Chair Biogeochemistry Working Group, 1998–2007 

Scientific Steering Committee, 2002–present 

U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program: 

Scientific Steering Group, 2002–present 

Chair of Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) Scientific Steering Group, 

2005–present 

Chair of Ocean Implementation Group, 2002–2004 

C–MORE, Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research, and Education (NSF 

Science and Technology Center): 

Science Team Member, 2006–present 

Theme IV (Modeling) Team Leader, 2006–present 

Executive Committee, 2006–present 

CLIVAR/CO 2 Repeat Hydrography Scientific Steering Committee, 2002–present 

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), U.S. Scientific Steering Committee, 1997–2002 

Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS): 

U.S. Synthesis and Modeling Project, Co-coordinator, 1997–2005 

U.S. Scientific Steering Committee, 1993–2003 

U.S. and International North Atlantic Planning Groups, 1994–1996 

U.S. Time-Series Oversight Committee, 1996 

Editorial Service 

American Institute of Physics Physics Today, Advisory Committee Member, 2009– 

2012 

EGU Ocean Science, Editorial Advisory Board, 2009–present 

Faculty of 1000, Member Ecology Section, www.facultyof1000.com, 2004–present 

AAAS Science magazine, Board of Reviewing Editors, 2007–present 

Journal Editor: 

Journal of Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences, Associate Editor, 2004–present 

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Associate Editor, 2002–2004 

Reviews of Geophysics, Associate Editor, 1997–2001 

Guest Editor for Special Issues: 

Surface Ocean CO2 Variability and Vulnerabilities, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56 (8–10), 

2009 

U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling III, Deep-Sea Res. II, 53 (5–7), 2006 

U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling II, Deep-Sea Res. II, 50 (22–26), 2003 

U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling, Deep-Sea Res. II, 49 (1–3), 2002 

National Science Foundation 

Geosciences Directorate, GEO Vision working group, 2006–2008 

Geosciences Directorate Assistant Director Search Committee, 2007 

Ocean Information Technology Initiative working group, 2003–2004 

Ocean Carbon Cycle Research (OCCR) planning group, 2001–2003 

Ocean Carbon Transport, Exchanges and Transformations planning group, 1999– 

2000 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), external reviewer 2008 

Office of Global Programs, Global Carbon Cycle program advisory panel, 1999– 

2002 and 2006–present 

Carbon Observations Planning Group, 1999–2001 

15 

CIMAS Visiting Scholar, University of Miami and NOAA/AOML, 1996 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) Mission Science Team, 2002–2009 and Atmospheric CO2 from Space (ACOS) team, 2009–present 

SeaWiFS and Ocean Color Science Teams, 1997–present 

Aerosol-Cloud-Ocean Mission Concept Study Science Working Group, 2007 

National Research Council 

Committee Member, ‘‘Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean 

Acidification Monitoring, Research, and Impacts Assessment,’’ National Research 

Council Ocean Studies Board, 2009–2010 

Committee Member, ‘‘Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations’’ National Research Council Board of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, 

2009–2011 

Congressional Testimony 

U.S. House of Representatives Testimony, Committee on Science and Technology, 

Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, hearing on ‘‘The Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act: H.R. 4174’’ (June, 2008) 

U.S. Senate Testimony, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, 

Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries and Coast Guard, hearing on ‘‘Effects of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification on Living Marine Resources’’ (May, 

2007) 

American Geophysical Union 

Search Committee, James B. Macelwane Medal, 2007 and 2008 

Search Committee, Editor for Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004 

The Oceanography Society 

Council Member (at-large representative), 2009–2012 

Non-profit Organizations 

Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea (COMPASS), Science Advisor, http://www.compassonline.org/, 2009–present 

Sea Education Association (SEA), Corporation overseer, 2006–present; Trustee, 

2009–present 

Other 

H. Burr Steinbach Visiting Scholar, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2000 

NCAR Biogeosciences Initiative, Project Lead, 2001–2002 

Ecosystems Center, External Review Committee Member, the Marine Biological 

Laboratory, Woods Hole, 2009 

WHOI Institutional Activities 

MIT/WHOI Joint Committee on Chemical Oceanography (JCCO), 2003–2007 

WHOI Director and President Search Committee, 2006–2007 

WHOI Information Technology Advisory Committee (ITAC), 2002–2006 

WHOI Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Dept. Faculty Hiring Committee, 

Chair, 2003 

WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute (OCCI), Institute Advisory Committee, 2003–2006 

WHOI Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Dept., Faculty Mentorship Committees: Mak Saito, Chair; Dierdre Toole; Karen Casciotti; Rachel Stanley) 

Field Experience 

Undergraduate student on Sea Education Association research cruise on SSV 

Westward (W–76), Sargasso Sea and western North Atlantic, Chief Scientist Mary 

Farmer; May and June, 1984. 

At sea analysis of perfluorodecaline and SF6 on Santa Monica Basin Purposeful 

Tracer Release Experiment, R/V New Horizon and R/V Robert Gordon Sproul, Chief 

Scientist Jim Ledwell; Sept. 1985. 

Deployment and retrieval of in-situ particle pumping system and sediment trap 

array from R/V Weatherbird, Bermuda, Chief Scientist Robert Sherrell; Sept. 1987. 

Collection and analysis of chlorofluorocarbon, tritium, and 3 He samples on Oceanus Cruise 202, a hydrographic section from Iceland to equator along 20°W, R/V 

Oceanus, Chief Scientist Mike McCartney; July and August, 1988. 

Collection of tritium and 3 He samples for Leg 6 of South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment, R/V Melville, Chief Scientist Lynne Talley; March and April, 1989. 

16 

Co-Chief Scientist, NOAA 1993 North Atlantic CO2 Cruise, R/V Malcolm 

Baldridge, Chief Scientist Rik Wanninkhof; July, 1993. 

Co-Chief Scientist, World Ocean Circulation Experiment leg I7N in western Indian Ocean, R/V Knorr, Chief Scientist Don Olson; July and August, 1995. 

Collection of Trichodesmium samples for physiological and genomic analysis, NSF 

N2 Fixation Biocomplexity Cruise (MANTRA), North Pacific, R/V Revelle, Chief Scientist Doug Capone, August, 2003. 

Chief Scientist, A16S, CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program, R/V Ronald H. 

Brown, South Atlantic, (joint Chief Scientist w/Rik Wanninkhof), Jan. and Feb. 

2005. 

Teaching and Mentoring 

Graduate Student Advisor, MIT/WHOI Joint Program: 

Pre-generals advisor: Andrew McDonnell (Chemistry, 2005–2007), Holly Moeller 

(Biology, 2008–2009) 

Thesis advisor: Annette Hynes (Biology, Ph.D., 2009); Naomi Levine (Chemistry, 

Ph.D., 2009 

Postdoctoral Advisor/Co-Advisor: 

NCAR: Julia Lee (1996–1997), Montse Fuentes (1998), J. Keith Moore (1999– 

2002), Ivan Lima (1999–2002), Roger Dargaville (2000–2002), David Baker 

(2000–2002) 

WHOI: Dierdre Toole (2003–2005), Irina Marinov (2007–2008), Nathalie 

Goodkin (2007–2008), Sarah Cooley (2007–present), Paulo Calil (2009–present), 

Yawei (Wayne) Luo (2009–present), Annette Hynes (2009–present) 

Thesis Committee Member (other than as advisor/co-advisor): 

MIT/WHOI Joint Program: Rachel Stanley (Ph.D., 2007), Nathalie Goodkin 

(Ph.D., 2007), Louie Wurch 

Other: Nan Rosenbloom (Ph.D., U Colorado, Boulder, 1997), Sarah Zedler (M.S., 

UC Santa Barbara, 1999) 

Visiting Graduate Student Advisor: 

NCAR: Camilla Geels (U. Copenhagen, Denmark, 2000–2001) 

WHOI: David Nicholson (U. Washington, 2009) 

Overseas External Examiner, Carolyn Walker (Ph.D., 2009), U. Otago, Dunedin, 

New Zealand 

External Thesis Supervisor, Claudine Hauri, ETH Zurich, Zurich Switzerland 

MIT/WHOI Joint Program Thesis Defense Chair: Phoebe Dreux Chappell (Ph.D., 

2009) 

Undergraduate Summer Student Advisor: 

UCAR–SOARS program: Kiesha Stevens (1996) and Sharon Perez (1998) 

WHOI Summer Student Fellows: Allis Wallis (2004), Nora Xu (2009) 

Other: Nicole Benoit (Co-op student, U. Pittsburgh, 3 semesters, 2007–2008), 

Hannah Lee (NOAA Hollings Scholar, 2008) 

Graduate teaching, U. Colorado, Boulder: 

ATOC 5225 Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Fall, 1998 

GEOL/EPOB 5700–2 Carbon, Climate and Society: Spring, 2001; Fall, 2001; 

Spring, 2002 

Graduate teaching, MIT/WHOI Joint Program: 

12.747 Modeling, Data Analysis, and Numerical Techniques for Geochemistry, 

Fall 2002, Fall 2004; Fall 2006; Fall 2008 

12.759 Special Topics in Marine Chemistry Seminar: Spring 2004 

12.742 Marine Chemistry: annually Fall 2004–2008 

(published Open Course Ware notes for Marine Chemistry: http:// 

ocw2.mit.edu/OcwWeb/EarthlAtmosphericland-Planetary-Sciences/12- 

742Fall2006/CourseHome/index.htm). 

7.430 Topics in Quantitative Marine Science: Ocean Biological-Physical Interaction, Spring 2006. 

Graduate Student Workshops: MSRI–NCAR Summer Workshop on Carbon Data 

Assimilation, Organizer with I. Fung and D. Schimel, Berkeley CA, July 2006. 

17 

Undergraduate Teaching, Sea Education Association (SEA), Woods Hole MA: 

Distinguished Lecturer, SEA Oceans and Climate Program: Fall 2006, Fall 

2007, Fall 2009. 

Lecturer on carbon cycle, ocean modeling and ocean acidification, Spring 2008, 

Fall 2008, Spring 2009. 

Adjunct faculty, University of Colorado, Boulder: Geology (1997–2002), Aerospace 

Engineering (1998–2002), Environmental Sciences (2000–2002). 

Publications for General Public (Total of 8) 

(papers denoted by * first authored by supervised graduate student or postdoctoral 

researcher) 

Doney, S.C., 2006: The dangers of ocean acidification. Scientific American, 294(3), 

March 2006, 58–65. (republished in German as ‘‘Das Meer wird sauer’’ in Spektrum 

der Wissenschaft, June 2006). 

Doney, S.C. and N.M. Levine, 2006: How long can the ocean slow global warming? 

Oceanus, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, (http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/ 

index.do). 

*Goodkin, N. and S. Doney, 2007: Global calcification after ocean acidification, 

Meridian, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 2(2), 12–13. 

Buesseler, K., S. Doney, and H. Kite-Powell, 2008: To fertilize, or not to fertilize, 

Oceanus, 46(1), Jan. 2008, 3. 

Buesseler, K., S. Doney, and H. Kite-Powell (ed.), 2008: Should we fertilize the 

ocean to reduce greenhouse gases? Oceanus, 46(1), Jan. 2008, 27pp. 

Pidgeon, E. and S.C. Doney, 2008: The role of the oceans, Chapter 8 (pp 246–276), 

in A Climate for Life, Meeting the Global Challenge, R.A. Mittermeier et al., CEMEX 

Conservation Book Series, with Conservation International and the International 

League of Conservation Photographers, ISBN 978–0–9818321. 

Doney, S.C., 2008: Ocean acidification, essay in Ocean: An Illustrated Atlas (National Geographic Atlas) by S.A. Earle and L.K. Glover, National Geographic, Washington, D.C., p. 39, ISBN 978–1426203190. 

Doney, S.C., 2009: Ocean acidification, Flotsam & Jetsam, Massachusetts Marine 

Educators, 38, Issue 1 (Summer 2009), 1–15, www.massmarineeducators.org. 

Publications in Refereed Journals (Total of 152) 

(papers denoted by * first authored by supervised graduate student or postdoctoral 

researcher) 

Doney, S.C. and W.J. Jenkins, 1988. The effect of boundary conditions on tracer 

estimates of thermocline ventilation rates. J. Mar. Res., 46, 947–965. 

Doney, S.C., D.M. Glover, and W.J. Jenkins, 1992. A model function of the global 

bomb-tritium distribution in precipitation, 1960–1986. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 97, 

5481–5492. 

Doney, S.C. and J.L. Bullister, 1992. A chlorofluorocarbon section in the eastern 

North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1857–1883. 

Doney, S.C., 1992. Bomb tritium in the deep North Atlantic. Oceanography, 5, 

169–170. 

Doney, S.C., W.J. Jenkins, and H.G. O ̈ stlund, 1993. A tritium budget for the 

North Atlantic, observations and model results. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 98, 

18,069–18,081. 

Doney, S.C. and W.J. Jenkins, 1994. Ventilation of the deep western boundary 

current and the abyssal western North Atlantic: estimates from tritium and 3 He 

distributions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 638–659. 

Doney, S.C., 1994. Irreversible thermodynamic coupling between heat and mass 

fluxes across a gas/liquid interface. J. Chem. Society, Faraday Trans., 90, 1865– 

1874. 

Large, W.G., J.C. McWilliams, and S.C. Doney, 1994. Oceanic vertical mixing: A 

review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 

32, 363–403. 

Doney, S.C., R.G. Najjar, and S. Stewart, 1995. Photochemistry, mixing, and diurnal cycles in the upper ocean. J. Mar. Res., 53, 341–369. 

Doney, S.C., 1995. Irreversible thermodynamics and air-sea exchange. J. Geophys. 

Res., Oceans, 100, 8541–8553. 

Doney, S.C., 1995. Comment on ‘‘Experimental demonstration of coupling of heat 

and matter fluxes at a gas-water interface’’ by Leon F. Phillips. J. Geophys. Res., 

Atmospheres, 100, 14,347–14,350. 

18 

Doney, S.C., D.M. Glover, and R.G. Najjar, 1996. A new coupled, one-dimensional 

biological—physical model for the upper ocean: applications to the JGOFS Bermuda 

Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Res. II, 43, 591–624. 

Ayotte, K.W., P.P. Sullivan, A. Andren, S.C. Doney, A.A.M. Holtslag, W.G. Large, 

J.C. McWilliams, C.-H. Moeng, M.J. Otte, J.J. Tribbia, and J.C. Wyngaard, 1996. 

An evaluation of neutral and convective planetary boundary-layer parameterizations 

relative to large eddy simulations. Bound. Layer Meteorol., 79, 131–175. 

Doney, S.C., 1996. A synoptic atmospheric surface forcing data set and physical 

upper ocean model for the U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) 

site. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 101, 25,615–25,634. 

Doney, S.C., 1997: The ocean’s productive deserts, Nature, 389, 905–906. 

Doney, S.C., W.J. Jenkins, and J.L. Bullister, 1997. A comparison of ocean tracer 

dating techniques on a meridional section in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea 

Res. I, 44, 603–626. 

Large, W.G., G. Danabasoglu, S.C. Doney, and J.C. McWilliams, 1997: Sensitivity 

to surface forcing and boundary layer mixing in a global ocean model: annual-mean 

climatology. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2418–2447. 

*Howell, E.A., S.C. Doney, R.A. Fine, D.B. Olson, 1997: Geochemical estimates of 

denitrification rates for the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during WOCE. Geophys. 

Res. Lett., 24, 2549–2552. 

Keeling, R.F., B.B. Stephens, R.G. Najjar, S.C. Doney, D. Archer, M. Heimann, 

1998: Seasonal variations in the atmospheric O2/N2 ratio in relation to the kinetics 

of air-sea gas exchange, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 141–163. 

Doney, S.C., J.L. Bullister, and R. Wanninkhof, 1998: Climatic variability in 

upper ocean ventilation diagnosed using chlorofluorocarbons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 

1399–1402. 

Gent, P.R., F.O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, S.C. Doney, W.R. Holland, W.G. Large, 

J.C. McWilliams, 1998: The NCAR Climate System Model global ocean component, 

J. Climate, 11, 1287–1306. 

Doney, S.C., W.G. Large, and F.O. Bryan, 1998: Surface ocean fluxes and watermass transformation rates in the coupled NCAR Climate System Model, J. Climate, 

11, 1420–1441. 

*Lee-Taylor, J.M., S.C. Doney, G. Brasseur, and J.-F. Muller, 1998: A global 

three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean model of methyl bromide distributions, J. 

Geophys. Res., 103, 16,039–16,059. 

Lee, K., R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S.C. Doney, and R.A. Feely, 1998: Low 

interannual variability in recent oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Nature, 396, 155–159. 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, T.-H. Peng, J. Bullister, K. Lee, and R.A. Feely, 

1999: Comparison of methods to determine the anthropogenic CO2 invasion into the 

Atlantic Ocean, Tellus, 51B, 511–530. 

Doney, S.C., 1999: Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling, 

Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 705–714. 

Doney, S.C., D.W.R. Wallace, H.W. Ducklow, 2000: The North Atlantic Carbon 

Cycle: New Perspectives from JGOFS and WOCE. in The Changing Ocean Carbon 

Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, ed. R.B. Hanson, 

H.W. Ducklow, and J.G. Field, Cambridge University Press, 373–391. 

Saravanan, R., G. Danabasoglu, S.C. Doney, and J.C. McWilliams, 2000: Decadal 

variability and predictability in the midlatitude ocean-atmosphere system, J. Climate, 13, 1073–1097. 

Fung, I.Y., S.K. Meyn, I. Tegen, S.C. Doney, J.G. John, and J.K.B. Bishop, 2000: 

Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 281– 

295. 

*Fuentes, M., S.C. Doney, D.M. Glover, and S.J. McCue, 2000: Spatial structure 

of the SeaWiFS ocean color data for the North Atlantic Ocean, Studies in the Atmospheric Sciences (Lecture notes in Statistics Vol. 144), ed. M. Berliner, D. Nychka, and 

T. Hoar, Springer-Verlag, New York, 153–171. 

*Bailey, B.A., and S. Doney, 2000: Quantifying the effects of noise on biogeochemical models, Computing Science and Statistics, 32, 447–453. 

Dickey, T., S. Zedler, X. Yu, S.C. Doney, D. Frye, H. Jannasch, D. Manov, D. 

Sigurdson, J.D. McNeil, L. Dobeck, T. Gilboy, C. Bravo, D.A. Siegel, and N. Nelson, 

2001: Physical and biogeochemical variability from hours to years at the Bermuda 

testbed mooring: June 1994–March 1998, Deep-Sea Res. II, 48, 2105–2140. 

*Rosenbloom, N.A., S.C. Doney, and D.S. Schimel, 2001: Geomorphic evolution of 

soil texture and organic matter in eroding landscapes, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 

15, 365–381. 

19 

Garcon, V.C., A. Oschlies, S.C. Doney, D. McGillicuddy, J. Waniek, 2001: The role 

of mesoscale variability on plankton dynamics in the North Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res. 

II, 48, 2199–2226. 

Fasham, M.J.R., B.M. Balino, M.C. Bowles, R. Anderson, D. Archer, U. 

Bathmann, P. Boyd, K. Buesseler, P. Burkill, A. Bychkov, C. Carlson, C.T.A. Chen, 

S. Doney, H. Ducklow, S. Emerson, R. Feely, G. Feldman, V. Garcon, D. Hansell, 

R. Hanson, P. Harrison, S. Honjo, C. Jeandel, D. Karl, R. Le Borgne, K.K. Liu, K. 

Lochte, F. Louanchi, R. Lowry, A. Michaels, P. Monfray, J. Murray, A. Oschlies, T. 

Platt, J. Priddle, R. Quinones, D. Ruiz-Pino, T. Saino, E. Sakshaug, G. Shimmield, 

S. Smith, W. Smith, T. Takahashi, P. Treguer, D. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, A. Watson, J. Willebrand, C.S. Wong, 2001: A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after 

a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), AMBIO, Sp. Iss. 10, 4– 

31. 

Doney, S.C. and D.M. Glover, 2001: Modelling the ocean carbon system, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Vol. 4, 1929–1935, ed. J. Steele, S.A. Thorpe, and K.K. 

Turekian, Academic Press, London, UK. 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, T. Takahashi, and W.R. McGillis, 2001: The effect 

of using time-averaged winds on regional air-sea CO2 fluxes, in Gas Transfer at 

Water Surfaces, ed. M. Donelan, W. Drennan, E. Saltzman, and R. Wanninkhof, pp. 

351–357, AGU, Geophysical Monograph 127, Washington, D.C. 

Blackmon, M., B. Boville, F. Bryan, R. Dickinson, P. Gent, K. Kiehl, R. Moritz, 

D. Randall, J. Shukla, S. Solomon, G. Bonan, S. Doney, I. Fung, J. Hack, E. Hunke, 

J. Hurrell, J. Kutzbach, J. Meehl, B. Otto-Bliesner, R. Saravanan, E.K. Schneider, 

L.Sloan, M. Spall, K. Taylor, J. Tribbia and W. Washington, 2001: The Community 

Climate System Model, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 2357–2376. 

Doney, S.C., and D.S. Schimel, 2001: Global Change—the future and the greenhouse effect, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Nature Publishing Group, http:// 

www.els.net. Doney, S.C., I. Lima, K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, S. Dutkiewicz, M.A.M. Friedrichs, 

and R.J. Matear, 2001: Marine biogeochemical modeling, Oceanography, 14 (4), 93– 

107. 

Doney, S.C. and M.W. Hecht, 2002: Antarctic Bottom Water formation and deep 

water chlorofluorocarbon distributions in a global ocean climate model, J. Phys. 

Oceanogr., 32, 1642–1666. 

Doney, S.C., J.A. Kleypas, J.L. Sarmiento, and P.G. Falkowski, 2002: The U.S. 

JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project-An introduction, Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 1–20. 

Dutay, J.-C., J.L. Bullister, S.C. Doney, J.C. Orr, R. Najjar, K. Caldeira, J.-M. 

Champin, H. Drange, M. Follows, Y. Gao, N. Gruber, M.W. Hecht, A. Ishida, F. 

Joos, K. Lindsay, G. Madec, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P. 

Monfray, G.-K. Plattner, J. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. 

Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, 2002: Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with 

CFC–11: comparison of 13 global ocean models. Ocean Modelling, 4, 89–120. 

*Lima, I, D.B. Olson and S.C. Doney, 2002: Intrinsic dynamics and stability properties of size-structured pelagic ecosystem models. J. Plankton Res., 24, 533–556. 

*Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, J.A. Kleypas, D.M. Glover, and I.Y. Fung, 2002: An intermediate complexity marine ecosystem model for the global domain. Deep-Sea 

Res., II, 49, 403–462. 

*Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, D.M. Glover, and I.Y. Fung, 2002: Iron cycling and nutrient limitation patterns in surface waters of the world ocean. Deep-Sea Res., II, 

49, 463–507. 

Randerson, J.T., C.J. Still, J.J. Balle ́, I.Y. Fung, S.C. Doney, P.P. Tans, T.J. 

Conway, J.W.C. White, B. Vaugn, N. Suits and A.S. Denning, 2002: Carbon isotope 

discrimination of arctic and boreal biomes inferred from remote atmospheric measurements and a biosphere-atmosphere model. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(3), 

1028, doi:0.1029/2001GB001435. 

Siegel, D.A., S.C. Doney, and J.A. Yoder, 2002: The North Atlantic spring 

phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup’s critical depth hypothesis, Science, 296, 730– 

733. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, A.J. Mariano, R.H. Evans, and S.J. McCue, 2002: 

Mesoscale variability in time-series data: Satellite-based estimates for the U.S. 

JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) site, J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 

107(C8), 3092, doi:10.1029/2000JC000589. 

Boyd, P.W., S.C. Doney, 2002: Modelling regional responses by marine pelagic ecosystems to global climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(16), 1806, doi:10.1029/ 

2001GL014130. 

*Lima, I.D., D.B. Olson, and S.C. Doney, 2002: Biological response to frontal dynamics and mesoscale variability in oligotrophic environments: a numerical modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 107(C8), 3111, doi:10.1029/2000JC0003 93 

20 

Iglesias-Rodriguez, M.D., C.W. Brown, S.C. Doney, J. Kleypas, D. Kolber, Z. 

Kolber, P.K. Hayes, and P.G. Falkowski, 2002: Representing key phytoplankton 

functional groups in ocean carbon cycle models: coccolithophores, Global 

Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1100, doi:10.1029/2001GB001454. 

*Zedler, S.E., T.D. Dickey, S.C. Doney, J.F. Price, X. Yu, and G.L. Mellor, 2002: 

Analyses and simulations of the upper ocean’s response to Hurricane Felix at the 

Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: 13–23 August 1995, J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 

107(C12), 3232, doi:10.1029/2001 JC000969. 

Doney, S.C., D.M. Glover, M. Fuentes, and S. McCue, 2003: Mesoscale variability 

of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite ocean color: Global 

patterns and spatial scales, J. Geophys. Res., Oceans., 108(C2), 3024, doi:10.1029/ 

2001JC000843. 

McGillicuddy, D.J., Jr., L.A. Anderson, S.C. Doney, and M.E. Maltrud, 2003: 

Eddy-driven sources and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean: Results from a 0.1 

resolution model of the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1035, 

doi:10.1029/2002GB001987. 

Boyd, P. and S.C. Doney, 2003: The impact of climate change and feedback process on the ocean carbon cycle. Ocean Biogeochemistry, ed. M. Fasham, Springer, 

157–193. 

Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, 2003: Global ocean carbon cycle modeling, 

Ocean Biogeochemistry, ed. M. Fasham, Springer, 217–238. 

*Dargaville, R.J., S.C. Doney, and I.Y. Fung, 2003: Inter-annual variability in the 

interhemispheric atmospheric CO2 gradient: Contributions from transport and the 

seasonal rectifier. Tellus B, 55, 711–722. 

Dilling, L., S.C. Doney, J. Edmonds, K.R. Gurney, R. Harriss, D. Schimel, B. Stephens, G. Stokes, 2003: The role of carbon cycle observations and knowledge in carbon management, Ann. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 28, 521–558, doi:10.1146/ 

annurev.energy.28.011503.163443. 

Jenkins, W.J. and S.C. Doney, 2003: The subtropical nutrient spiral, Global 

Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(4), 1110, doi:10.1029/2003GB002085. 

*Geels, C., S.C. Doney, R. Dargaville, J. Brandt, and J.H. Christensen, 2004: Investigating the sources of synoptic variability in atmospheric CO2 measurements 

over the Northern Hemisphere continents: A regional model study. Tellus B, 56, 35– 

50. 

Matsumoto, K., J.L. Sarmiento, R.M. Key, J.L. Bullister, K. Caldeira, J.-M. 

Campin, S.C. Doney, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, 

N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. 

Matear, P. Monfray, R. Najjar, G.-K. Platter, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, P.S. Swathi, 

I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, and J.C. Orr, 2004: Evaluation 

of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 

L07303, doi:10.1029/2003GL018970. 

Bailey, B.A., S.C. Doney, and I.D. Lima, 2004: Quantifying the effects of dynamical noise on the predictability of simple ecosystem model, Environmetrics, 15, 337– 

355, doi:10.1002/env.645. 

Bonfils, C., I. Fung, S. Doney, and J. John, 2004: On the detection of summertime 

terrestrial photosynthetic variability from its atmospheric signature, Geophys. Res. 

Lett., 31, L09207, doi:10.1029/2004GL019453. 

Stark, S., W.J. Jenkins, and S.C. Doney, 2004: Deposition and recirculation of tritium in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 109 (C6), C06009, 

10.1029/2003JC002150. 

Sarmiento, J., R. Slater, R .Barber, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, A.C. Hirst, J. Kleypas, 

R. Matear, U. Mikolajewicz, P. Monfray, V. Soldatov, S. Spall, R. Slater, and R. 

Stouffer, 2004: Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming, Global 

Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3003, doi:10.1029/2003GB002134. 

Crisp, D., R.M. Atlas, F.-M. Breon, L.R. Brown, J.P. Burrows, P. Ciais, B.J. Connor, S.C. Doney, I.Y. Fung, D.J. Jacob, C.E. Miller, D. O’Brien, S. Pawson, J.T. 

Randerson, P. Rayner, R.J. Salawitch, S.P. Sander, B. Sen, G.L. Stephens, P.P. 

Tans, G.C. Toon, P. O. Wennberg, S.C. Wofsy, Y.L. Yung, Z. Kuang, B. Chudasama, 

G. Sprague, B. Weiss, R. Pollock, D. Kenyon, S. Schroll, 2004: The Orbiting Carbon 

Observatory (OCO) Mission, Advanc. Space Res., 34, 700–709. 

Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. 

Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, G. Madec, E. 

Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. Najjar, J.C. 

Orr, G.-K. Plattner, J. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. 

Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, 2004: Evaluating global ocean carbon models: the importance of realistic physics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3017, doi:10.1029/ 

2003GB002150. 

21 

Lima, I. and S.C. Doney, 2004: A three-dimensional, multi-nutrient, size-structured ecosystem model for the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, 

GB3019, doi:10.1029/2003 GB002146. 

Doney, S.C., M.R. Abbott, J.J. Cullen, D.M. Karl, and L. Rothstein, 2004: From 

genes to ecosystems: the ocean’s new frontier, Frontiers Ecology Environ., 2, 457– 

466. 

Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney and K. Lindsay, 2004: Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics 

and iron cycling in a global 3-D model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, 4, GB4028, 

10.1029/2004GB002220. 

Bonfils, C., A. Angert, C. Henning, S. Biraud, S.C. Doney, and I. Fung, 2005: Extending the record of photosynthetic activity over the eastern United States into the 

pre-satellite period using surface diurnal temperature range, Geophysical Res. Lett., 

32, L08405, doi:10.1029/2005GL022583. 

Fung, I., S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, and J. John, 2005: Evolution of carbon sinks 

in a changing climate, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 102, 11201–11206, doi:10.1073/ 

pnas.0504949102. 

Orr, J.C., V.J. Fabry, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, A. 

Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, R.M. Key, K. Lindsay, E. MaierReimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R.G. Najjar, G.-K. Plattner, K.B. Rodgers, C.L. Sabine, J.L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R.D. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. 

Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, 2005: Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the 

twenty-first century and its impact on marine calcifying organisms, Nature, 437, 

681–686, doi:10.1038/nature04095. 

Rothstein, L., M. Abbott, E. Chassignet, J. Cullen, K. Denman, S. Doney, H. 

Ducklow, K. Fennel, M. Follows, D. Haidvogel, E. Hofmann, D. Karl, J. Kindle, I. 

Lima, M. Maltrud, C. McClain, D. McGillicuddy, J. Olascoa, Y. Spitz, J. Wiggert, 

and J. Yoder, 2006: Modeling ocean ecosystems: The PARADIGM Program, Oceanography, 19, 16–45. 

Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E., N. Gruber, A.R. Jacobson, S.C. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, S. 

Gerber, M. Follows, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, S.A. Muller, 

and J.L. Sarmiento, 2006: Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB2002, doi:10.1029/ 

2005GB002530. 

Gent, P.R., F.O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, K. Lindsay, D. Tsumune, M.W. Hecht, 

and S.C. Doney, 2006: Ocean chlorofluorocarbon and heat uptake during the twentieth century in the CCSM3, J. Climate, 19(11), 2366–2381. 

Bryan, F., G. Danabasoglu, N. Nakashiki, Y. Yoshida, D.-H. Kim, J. Tsutsui, and 

S. Doney, 2006: Response of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and ventilation to increasing carbon dioxide in CCSM3, J. Climate, 19(11), 2382–2397. 

Collins, W.D., M. Blackmon, C.M. Bitz, G.B Bonan, C.S. Bretherton, J.A. Carton, 

P. Chang, S. Doney, J.J. Hack, J.T. Kiehl, T. Henderson, W.G. Large, D. McKenna, 

and B.D. Santer, 2006: The Community Climate System Model: CCSM3, J. Climate, 

19(11), 2122–2143. 

Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, I. Fung and J. John, 2006: Natural variability in a stable 

1000 year coupled climate-carbon cycle simulation, J. Climate, 19(13), 3033–3054. 

*Stanley, R.H.R., W.J. Jenkins, and S.C. Doney, 2006: Quantifying seasonal airsea gas exchange processes using noble gas time-series: a design experiment, J. 

Mar. Res., 64(2), 267–295. 

Moore, J.K., and S.C. Doney, 2006: Remote sensing observations of ocean physical 

and biological properties in the region of the SOFeX iron fertilization experiment, 

2006: J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 111, C06026, doi:10.1029/2005JC003289. 

Doney, S.C. and H.W. Ducklow, 2006: A decade of synthesis and modeling in the 

U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Deep-Sea Res. II, 53(5–7), 451–458. 

Hood, R.R., E.A. Laws, R.A. Armstrong, N.R. Bates, C.W. Brown, C.A. Carlson, 

F. Chai, S.C. Doney, P.G. Falkowski, R.A. Feely, M.A.M. Friedrichs, M.R. Landry, 

J.K. Moore, D.M. Nelson, T.L. Richardson, B. Salihoglu, M. Schartau, D.A. Toole, 

and J.D. Wiggert, 2006: Pelagic functional group modeling: progress, challenges and 

prospects, Deep-Sea Res. II, 53(5–7), 459–512. 

Glover, D.M., C.L. Chandler, S.C. Doney, K.O. Buesseler, G. Heimerdinger, J.K.B. 

Bishop, and G.R. Flierl, 2006: The U.S. JGOFS data management experience, DeepSea Res. II, 53(5–7), 793–802. 

McKinley, G.A., T. Takahashi, E. Butenhuis, F. Chai, J.R. Christian, S.C. Doney, 

M.-S. Jiang, K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, C. Le Quere, I. Lima, R. Murtugudde, L. Shi, 

and P. Wetzel, 2006: North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on 

seasonal to decadal timescales, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 111, C07S06, doi:10.1029/ 

2005JC003173. 

Johnson, G.C., and S.C. Doney, 2006: Recent western South Atlantic bottom water 

warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(14), L14614, 10.1029/2006GL026769. 

22 

Friedlingstein, P., P. Cox, R. Betts, L. Bopp, W. von Bloh, V. Brovkin, P. Cadule, 

S. Doney, M. Eby, I. Fung, G. Bala, J. John, C. Jones, F. Joos, T. Kato, M. 

Kawamiya, W. Knorr, K. Lindsay, H.D. Matthews, T. Raddatz, P. Rayner, C. Reick, 

E. Roeckner, K.-G. Schnitzler, R. Schnur, K. Strassmann, A.J. Weaver, C. 

Yoshikawa, and N. Zeng, 2006: Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from 

the C4MIP model intercomparison, J. Climate, 19(14), 3337–3353. 

Gruber, N., H. Frenzel, S.C. Doney, P. Marchesiello, J.C. McWilliams, J.R. 

Moisan, J.J. Oram, G.-K. Plattner, and K.D. Stolzenbach, 2006: Eddy-resolving simulation of plankton ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System, Deep-Sea 

Res. I, 53, 1483–1516, doi:10.1016/j. dsr.2006.06.005. 

Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, N. Mahowald, and A.F. Michaels, 2006: Nitrogen fixation amplifies the ocean biogeochemical response to decadal timescale 

variations in mineral dust deposition, Tellus, 58B, 560–572. 

Baker, D.F., S.C. Doney, and D.S. Schimel, 2006: Variational data assimilation for 

atmospheric CO2, Tellus, 58B, 359–365. 

Doney, S.C., 2006: Plankton in a warmer world, Nature, 444, 695–696. 

Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E., N. Gruber, A.R. Jacobson, M. Gloor, S.C. Doney, S. 

Dutkiewicz, M. Gerber, M. Follows, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, 

S.A. Muller, and J.L. Sarmiento, 2007: Inverse estimates of the oceanic sources and 

sinks of natural CO2 and their implied oceanic transport, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 

21, GB1010, 10.1029/2006GB002751. 

Moore, J.K., and S.C. Doney, 2007: Iron availability limits the ocean nitrogen inventory stabilizing feedbacks between marine denitrification and nitrogen fixation, 

Global Biogeochem. Cycl., 21, GB2001, doi:10.1029/2006GB002762. 

Patra, P.K., J.K. Moore, N. Mahowald, M. Uematsu, S.C. Doney, and T. 

Nakazawa, 2007: Exploring the sensitivity of interannual basin-scale air-sea CO2

fluxes to variability in atmospheric dust deposition using ocean carbon models and 

atmospheric CO2 inversions, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 112, G02012, doi:10.1029/ 

2006JG000236. 

Jin, X., R.G. Najjar, F. Louanchi, and S.C. Doney, 2007: A modeling study of the 

seasonal oxygen budget of the global ocean, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 112, C05017, 

doi:10.1029/2006JC003731. 

Miller, C.E., D. Crisp, P.L. DeCola, S.C. Olsen, J.T. Randerson, A. Michalak, A. 

Alkhaled, P. Rayner, D.J. Jacob, P. Suntharalingam, D.B.A. Jones, A.S. Denning, 

M.E. Nicholls, S.C. Doney, S. Pawson, H. Boesch, B.J. Connor, I.Y. Fung, D. 

O’Brien, R.J. Salawitch, S.P. Sander, B. Sen, P. Tans, G.C. Toon, P.O. Wennberg, 

S.C. Wofsy, Y.L. Yung, and R.M. Law, 2007: Precision requirements for space-based 

XCO2 data, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, D10314, doi:10.1029/2006JD007659. 

Lovenduski, N.S., N. Gruber, S.C. Doney, and I.D. Lima, 2007: Enhanced CO2

outgassing in the Southern Ocean from a positive phase of the Southern Annular 

Mode, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB2026, doi:10.1029/2006GB002900. 

Friedrichs, M.A.M., J.A. Dusenberry, L.A. Anderson, R. Armstrong, F. Chai, J.R. 

Christian, S.C. Doney, J. Dunne, M. Fujii, R. Hood, D. McGillicuddy, J.K. Moore, 

M. Schartau, Y.H. Spitz, and J.D. Wiggert, 2007: Assessment of skill and portability 

in regional marine biogeochemical models: the role of multiple planktonic groups, 

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 112, C08001, doi:10.1029/2006JC003852. 

Doney, S.C., S. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, W.G. Large, and J.C. McWilliams, 2007: 

Mechanisms governing interannual variability of upper ocean temperature in a global hindcast simulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1918–1938. 

Najjar, R.G., X. Jin, F. Louanchi, O. Aumont, K. Caldeira, S.C. Doney, J.-C. 

Dutay, M. Follows, N. Gruber, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R.J. Matear, 

K. Matsumoto, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, J.C. Orr, G.K. Plattner, J.L. Sarmiento, R. 

Schlitzer, R.D. Slater, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka and A. Yool, 2007: Impact of circulation on export production, dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen in the 

ocean: Results from Phase II of the Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison 

Project (OCMIP–2), Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB3007, doi:10.1029/ 

2006GB002857. 

Doney, S.C., N. Mahowald, I. Lima, R.A. Feely, F.T. Mackenzie, J.-F. Lamarque, 

and P.J. Rasch, 2007: The impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur 

deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system, Prod. Nat. Acad. 

Sci. USA, 104, 14,580–14,585, doi:10.1073/pnas.0702218104. 

Caldeira, K., D. Archer, J.P. Barry, R.G.J. Bellerby, P.G. Brewer, L. Cao, A.G. 

Dickson, S.C. Doney, H. Elderfield, V.J. Fabry, R.A. Feely, J.-P. Gattuso, P.M. 

Haugan, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, A.K. Jain, J.A. Kleypas, C. Langdon, J.C. Orr, A. 

Ridgwell, C.L. Sabine, B.A. Seibel, Y. Shirayama, C. Turley, A.J. Watson, and R.E. 

Zeebe, 2007: Comment on ‘‘Modern-age buildup of CO2 and its effects on seawater 

acidity and salinity’’ by Hugo A. Loaiciga, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18608, 

doi:10.1029/2006GL027288. 

23 

Doney, S.C., and D. S. Schimel, 2007: Climate change and biogeochemical impacts, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester http:// 

www.els.net/, doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003242.pub2 (updated and revised 

version of Doney and Schimel, ELS, 2001). 

Thomas, H., A.E.F. Prowe, S. van Heuven, Y. Bozec, H.J.W. de Baar, L.-S. 

Schiettecatte, K. Suykens, M. Kone ́, A.V. Borges, I.D. Lima, and S.C. Doney, 2007: 

Rapid decline of the CO2 buffering capacity in the North Sea and implications for 

the North Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB4001, doi:10.1029/ 

2006GB002825. 

Doney, S.C. and D. S. Schimel, 2007: Carbon and climate system coupling on 

timescales from the Precambrian to the Anthropocene, Ann. Rev. Environ. Resources, 32, 31–66, doi:10.1 146/annurev.energy.32.041706.124700. 

Buesseler, K.O., S.C. Doney, D.M. Karl, P.W. Boyd, K. Caldeira, F. Chai, K. Coale, 

H.J.W. de Baar, P.G. Falkowski, K.S. Johnson, R.S. Lampitt, A.F. Michaels, S.W.A. 

Naqvi, V. Smetacek, S. Takeda, and A.J. Watson, 2008: Ocean iron fertilization: 

moving forward in a sea of uncertainty, Science, 319, 162, doi:10.1126/ 

science.1154305. 

Nevison, C.D., N.M. Mahowald, S.C. Doney, I.D. Lima, G.R. van der Werf, J.T. 

Randerson, D.F. Baker, P. Kasibhatla, and G.A. McKinley, 2008: Contribution of 

ocean, fossil fuel, land biosphere and biomass burning carbon fluxes to seasonal and 

interannual variability in atmospheric CO2, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 113, 

G01010, doi:10.1029/2007JG000408. 

Krishnamurthy, A., J.K. Moore, and S.C. Doney, 2008: The effects of dilution and 

mixed layer depth on deliberate ocean iron fertilization: 1–D simulations of the 

southern ocean iron experiment (SOFeX), J. Mar. Systems, 71, 112–130. 

Jin, X., N. Gruber, H. Frenzel, S.C. Doney, and J.C. McWilliams, 2008: The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean’s biological pump, Biogeosciences, 5, 385–406. 

*Levine, N.M, S.C. Doney, R. Wanninkhof, K. Lindsay, and I. Fung, 2008: Impact 

of ocean carbon system variability on the detection of temporal increases in anthropogenic CO2, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 113, C03019, doi:10.1029/2007JC004153. 

Toole, D.A., D.A. Siegel, and S.C. Doney, 2008: An ultraviolet light-driven 1–D 

DMS Biogeochemical cycling model for the Sargasso Sea, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 

113, G02009, doi:10.1029/2007JG000426. 

Schneider, B., L. Bopp, M. Gehlen, J. Segschneider, T.L. Fro ̈licher, P. Cadule, P. 

Friedlingstein, S.C. Doney, M.J. Behrenfeld, and F. Joos, 2008: Climate-induced 

interannual variability of marine primary and export production in three global coupled climate carbon cycle models, Biogeosciences, 5, 597–614. 

Boyd, P.W., S.C. Doney, R. Strzepek, J. Dusenberry, K. Lindsay, and I. Fung, 

2008: Climate-mediated changes to mixed-layer properties in the Southern Ocean: 

assessing the phytoplankton response, Biogeosciences, 5, 847–864. 

Nevison, C.D., N.M. Mahowald, S.C. Doney, I.D. Lima, and N. Cassar, 2008: Impact of variable air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes on atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) 

and land-ocean carbon sink partitioning, Biogeosciences, 5, 875–889. 

*Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, W.B. Curry, S.C. Doney, and D.R. Ostermann, 

2008: Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end 

of the Little Ice Age, Paleoceanography, 23, PA3203, doi:10.1029/2007PA001532. 

Lovenduski, N.S., N. Gruber, and S.C. Doney, 2008: Toward a mechanistic understanding of the decadal trends in the Southern Ocean carbon sink, Global 

Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3016, doi:10.1029/2007GB003139. 

*Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, S.C. Doney, and W.B. Curry, 2008: Increased 

multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation since 1781, Nature Geosciences, 1, 844–848. 

Thomas, H., A.E. Friederike Prowe, I.D. Lima, S.C. Doney, R. Wanninkhof, R.J. 

Greatbatch, U. Schuster, and A. Corbie`re, 2008: Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past 2 decades, Global 

Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB4027, doi:10.1029/2007GB003167. 

Doney, S.C. and D.M. Glover, 2009: Ocean carbon system, modeling of, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (second edition), ed. J. Steele, K.K. Turekian, and S.A. 

Thorpe, Elseiver, 4121–4130, doi:10.1016/B978–012374473–9.00631–7, (expanded 

and updated version of Doney and Glover, 2001). 

Gruber, N. and S.C. Doney, 2009: Ocean biogeochemistry and ecology, modeling 

of, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (second edition), ed. J. Steele, K.K. Turekian, 

and S.A. Thorpe, Elseiver, 4105–4120, doi:10.1016/B978–012374473–9.00741–4. 

Doney, S.C., V.J. Fabry, R.A. Feely, J.A. Kleypas, 2009: Ocean acidification: the 

other CO2 problem, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 169–192, 10.1146/annurev 

.marine.010908.163834 

24 

Ducklow, H., S.C. Doney, and D.K. Steinberg, 2009: Contributions of long-term research and time-series observations to marine ecology and biogeochemistry, Ann. 

Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 279–302, 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163801. 

Stow, C.A. J. Jolliff, D.J. McGillicuddy Jr., S.C. Doney, J.I. Allen, M.A.M. 

Friedrichs, K.A. Rose, and P. Wallhead, 2009: Skill assessment for coupled biological/physical models of marine systems, J. Mar. Systems, 76, 4–15, doi:10.1016/ 

j.jmarsys.2008.03.011. 

Gregg, W.W., M.A.M. Friedrichs, A.R. Robinson, K.A. Rose, R. Schlitzer, K.R. 

Thompson, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Skill assessment in ocean biological data assimilation, J. Mar. Systems, 76, 16–33, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.006. 

Doney, S.C., I. Lima, J.K. Moore, K. Lindsay, M.J. Behrenfeld, T.K. Westberry, 

N. Mahowald, D.M. Glover, and T. Takahashi, 2009: Skill metrics for confronting 

global upper ocean ecosystem-biogeochemistry models against field and remote sensing data, J. Mar. Systems, 76, 95–112, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.015. 

Friedrichs, M.A.M., M.-E. Carr, R.T. Barber, M. Scardi, D. Antoine, R.A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M.J. Behrenfeld, E.T. Buitenhuis, F. Chai, J.R. Christian, A.M. 

Ciotti, S.C. Doney, M. Dowell, J. Dunne, B. Gentili, W. Gregg, N. Hoepffner, J. 

Ishizaka, T. Kameda, I. Lima, J. Marra, F. Me ́lin, J.K. Moore, A. Morel, R.T. 

O’Malley, J. O’Reilly, V.S. Saba, M. Schmeltz, T.J. Smyth, J. Tjiputra, K. Waters, 

T.K. Westberry, A. Winguth, 2009: Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates 

of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Mar. Systems, 76, 113–133, 

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010. 

Fro ̈licher, T.L., F. Joos, G.-K. Plattner, M. Steinacher, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Natural variability and anthropogenic trends in oceanic oxygen in a coupled carbon 

cycle-climate model ensemble, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB1003, doi:10.1029/ 

2008GB003316. 

Gruber, N., M. Gloor, S.E. Mikaloff Fletcher, S.C. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, M.J. Follows, M. Gerber, A.R. Jacobson, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, 

S.A. Mu ̈ller, J.L. Sarmiento, and T. Takahashi, 2009: Oceanic sources, sinks, and 

transport of atmospheric CO2, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB1005, doi:10.1029/ 

2008GB003349. 

*Levine, N.M., M.L. Bender, and S.C. Doney, 2009: The 18O of dissolved O2 as 

a tracer of mixing and respiration in the mesopelagic ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB1006, doi:10.1029/2007GB003162. 

Paytan, A., K.R.M. Mackey, Y. Chen, I.D. Lima, S.C. Doney, N. Mahowald, R. 

Labiosa, and A.F. Post, 2009: Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine 

phytoplankton, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 4601–4605, 10.1073/pnas 

.0811486106. 

Montes-Hugo, M., H. Ducklow, S. Doney, W. Fraser, D. Martinson, S. 

Stammerjohn, and O. Schofield, 2009: Recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate change along the western Antarctic Peninsula, Science, 323, 1470–1473. 

Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T.L. Fro ̈licher, G.-K. Plattner, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model, Biogeosciences, 6, 515–533. 

*Cooley, S.R. and S.C. Doney, 2009: Ocean acidification’s impact on fisheries and 

societies: a U.S. perspective, Current-the Journal of Marine Education, 25(1), 15–19, 

National Marine Educators Association. 

Doney, S., 2009: The consequences of human-driven ocean acidification for marine 

life, F1000 Biology Reports 2009, 1:36, 4pp., doi:10.3410/B1–36 (present: http:// 

www.f1000biology.com/f1000reports/articles/10.3410/b1-36/article.html will be: 

http://www.F1000.com/Reports/Biology/content/1/36). 

Behrenfeld, M.J., T.K. Westberry, E.S. Boss, R.T. O’Malley, D.A. Siegel, J.D. 

Wiggert, B.A. Franz, C.R. McClain, G.C. Feldman, S.C. Doney, J.K. Moore, G. 

Dall’Olmo, A.J. Milligan, I. Lima, and N. Mahowald, 2009: Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton, Biogeosciences, 6, 779–794 

(www.biogeosciences.net/6/779/2009). 

*Cooley, S.R. and S.C. Doney, 2009: Anticipating ocean acidification’s economic 

consequences for commercial fisheries, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 024007, doi: 10.1088/ 

1748–9326/4/2/024007. 

*Hynes, A.M., P.D. Chappell, S.T. Dyhrman, S.C. Doney, and E.A. Webb, 2009: 

Cross-basin comparison of phosphorus stress and nitrogen fixation in 

Trichodesmium, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 1438–1448. 

Doney, S.C., B. Tilbrook, S. Roy, N. Metzl, C. Le Que ́re ́, M. Hood, R.A. Feely, and 

D. Bakker, 2009: Surface ocean CO2 variability and vulnerability, Deep-Sea Res. II, 

56, 504–511. 

Doney, S.C., I. Lima, R.A. Feely, D.M. Glover, K. Lindsay, N. Mahowald, J.K. 

Moore, and R. Wanninkhof, 2009: Mechanisms governing interannual variability in 

25 

upper-ocean inorganic carbon system and air-sea CO2 fluxes: physical climate and 

atmospheric dust, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, 640–655. 

Krishnamurthy, A., J.K. Moore, N. Mahowald, C. Luo, S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, 

C.S. Zender, 2009: Impacts of increasing anthropogenic soluble iron and nitrogen 

deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB3016, 

doi:10.1029/2008GB003440. 

Birdsey, R., N. Bates, M. Behrenfeld, K. Davis, S.C. Doney, R. Feely, D. Hansell, 

L. Heath, E. Kasischke, H. Kheshgi, B. Law, C. Lee, A.D. McGuire, P. Raymond, 

and C.J. Tucker, 2009: Carbon cycle observations: gaps threaten climate mitigation 

policies, EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 90(34), 292–293. 

Randerson, J.T., F.M. Hoffman, P.E. Thornton, N.M. Mahowald, K. Lindsay, Y.- 

H. Lee, C.D. Nevison, S.C. Doney, G. Bonan, R. Sto ̈ckli, C. Covey, S.W. Running, 

and I.Y. Fung, 2009: Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate-carbon models, Global Change Biology, 15, 2462–2484, doi:10.1111/ 

j.1365–2486.2009.01912.x. 

Rodgers, K.B., R.M. Key, A. Gnanadesikan, J.L. Sarmiento, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, 

S.C. Doney, J.P. Dunne, D.M. Glover, A. Ishida, M. Ishii, A.R. Jacobson, C. Lo 

Monaco, E. Maier-Reimer, H. Mercier, N. Metzl, F.F. Pe ́rez, A.F. Rios, R. 

Wanninkhof, P. Wetzel, C.D. Winn, and Y. Yamanaka, 2009: Using altimetry to help 

explain patchy changes in hydrographic carbon measurements, J. Geophys. Res. 

Oceans, 114, C09013, doi:10.1029/2008JC005183. 

Thornton, P.E., S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, N. Mahowald, J.T. 

Randerson, I. Fung, J.-F. Lamarque, J.J. Feddema, and Y.-H. Lee, 2009: Carbonnitrogen interactions regulate climate-carbon cycle feedbacks: results from an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, Biogeosciences, 6, 2099–2120. 

Marshall, J., A. Andersson, N. Bates, W. Dewar, S. Doney J. Edson, R. Ferrari, 

G. Forget, D. Fratantoni, M. Gregg, T. Joyce, K. Kelly, S. Lozier, R. Lumpkin, G. 

Maze, J. Palter, R. Samelson, K. Silverthorne, E. Skyllingstad, F. Straneo, L. Talle 

y, L. Thomas, J. Toole, and R. Weller, 2009: The CLIMODE field campaign: observing the cycle of convection and restratification over the Gulf Stream, Bull. Amer. 

Meteor. Soc., 90, 1337–1350. 

Doney, S.C. and R.A. Feely, 2009: Ocean acidification, Education in Chemistry 

(Royal Society of Chemistry), 46(6), 182–187. 

*Stanley, R.H.R., W.J. Jenkins, D.E. Lott III, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Noble gas 

constraints on air-sea gas exchange and bubble fluxes, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean, 114, 

C11020, doi:10.1029/2009JC005396. 

Doney, S.C., W.M. Balch, V.J. Fabry, and R.A. Feely, 2009: Ocean acidification: 

a critical emerging problem for the ocean sciences, Oceanography, 22, 16–25. 

Feely, R.A., S.C. Doney and S.R. Cooley, Ocean acidification: present conditions 

and future changes in a high-CO2 world, Oceanography, 22, 36–47. 

*Cooley, S., H.L. Kite-Powell, S.C. Doney, Ocean acidification’s potential to alter 

global marine ecosystem services, Oceanography, 22, 172–180. 

Le Que ́re ́, C., M.R. Raupach, J.G. Canadell, G. Marland, L. Bopp, P. Ciais, T.J. 

Conway, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely , P. Foster, P. Friedlingstein, K. Gurney, R.A. 

Houghton , J.I. House, C. Huntingford, P.E. Levy, M.R. Lomas, J. Majkut, N. Metzl 

, J.P. Ometto, G.P. Peters, I.C. Prentice, J.T. Randerson, S.W. Running , J.L. 

Sarmiento, U. Schuster, S. Sitch, T. Takahashi , N. Viovy, G.R. van der Werf, and 

F.I. Woodward, 2009: Trends in the sources and sinks carbon dioxide, Nat. Geosci., 

2, 831–836, doi:10.1038/ngeo689. 

Publications in Press 

Montes-Hugo, M., C. Sweeney, S.C. Doney, H. Ducklow, R. Frouin, D.G. 

Martinson, S. Stammerjohn, and O. Schofield, Seasonal forcing of summer dissolved 

inorganic carbon and chlorophyll a on the Western Shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula, 

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, in press. 

Swann, A.L., I.Y. Fung, S. Levis, G.B. Bonan, and S.C. Doney, Changes in arctic 

vegetation amplify high-latitude warming through greenhouse effect, Proc. Nat. 

Acad. Sci. USA, in press. 

Manuscripts Submitted 

Baker, D.F. H. Bo ̈sch, S.C. Doney, and D.S. Schimel, Carbon source/sink information provided by column CO2 measurements from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, 

Atmosp. Chem. Physics, submitted. (Atmosp. Chem. Phys. Disc., 8, 20051–20112, 

2008). 

*Luo, Y., H.W. Ducklow, M.A.M. Friedrichs, S.C. Doney, and M.J. Church, 

Heterotrophic microbial dynamics in the open ocean revealed by data assimilative 

modeling, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, submitted. 

26 

Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T.L. Fro ̈licher, L. Bopp, P. Cadule, S.C. Doney, M. Gehlen, 

B. Schneider, and J. Segschneider, Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis, Biogeosciences, submitted, (Biogeosciences Discuss., 6, 7933–7981, 2009). 

Saba, V.S., M.A.M. Friedrichs, M.-E. Carr, D. Antoine, R.A. Armstrong, I. 

Asanuma, O. Aumont, N.R. Bates, M.J. Behrenfeld, V. Bennington, L. Bopp, J. 

Bruggeman, E.T. Buitenhuis, M.J. Church, A.M. Ciotti, S.C. Doney, M. Dowell, J. 

Dunne, S. Dutkiewicz, W. Gregg, N. Hoepffner, K.J.W. Hyde, J. Ishizaka, T. 

Kameda, D.M. Karl, I. Lima, M.W. Lomas, J. Marra, G.A. McKinley, F. Me ́lin, J.K. 

Moore, A. Morel, J. O’Reilly, B. Salihoglu, M. Scardi, T.J. Smyth, S. Tang, J. 

Tjiputra, J. Uitz, M. Vichi, K. Waters, T.K. Westberry, and A. Yool, The challenges 

of modeling marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at 

BATS and HOT, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, submitted. 

Henson, S.A., J.L. Sarmiento, J.P. Dunne, L. Bopp, I. Lima, S.C. Doney, J. John, 

and C. Beaulieu, Is global warming already changing ocean productivity? Biogeosciences, submitted, (Biogeosciences Discuss., 6, 10311–10354, 2009). 

Ducklow, H., A. Clarke, R. Dickhut, S.C. Doney, H. Geisz, K. Huang, D.G. 

Martinson, M.P. Meredith, H.V. Moeller, M. Montes-Hugo, O. Schofield, S.E. 

Stammerjohn, D. Steinberg, and W. Fraser, Marine pelagic ecosystems: the West 

Antarctic Peninsula, in Antarctica: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World, 

ed. A.D. Rogers, Wiley, submitted. 

Manuscripts in Prep 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, J.L. Bullister, N.M. Levine, M. Warner, and N. 

Gruber, Decadal changes in inorganic carbon along meridional section A16 in the 

Atlantic Ocean from 1989–2005 : Separating natural variability from anthropogenic 

input, in prep. 

Maltrud, M., F.P. Chavez, S. Dutkiewicz, N. Gruber, X. Jin, J.L. Sarmiento, A. 

Tagliabue, S. Doney and I. Lima, Atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction from ocean 

iron fertilization: a model intercomparison study, in prep. 

Levine, N.M., S.C. Doney, I. Lima, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sabine, R.A. Feely, and N. 

Bates, The impact of interannual variability on the accumulation of anthropogenic 

CO2 in the North Atlantic, in prep. 

Hynes, A.M., E.A. Webb, S.C. Doney, and J.B. Waterbury, Comparison of cultured 

Trichodesmium (Cyanophyceae) with species characterized from the field, J. Phycology, in prep. 

Non-refereed Publications and Reports (Total of 53) 

NCAR Oceanography Section, 1996: The NCAR CSM Ocean Model. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN–423+STR. 

Large, W.G. and S.C. Doney, 1996: Global surface fluxes and parameters. U.S. 

WOCE Implementation Report, No. 8, 14–16. 

Large, W.G. and S.C. Doney, 1997: Inferring ocean transports from surface fluxes. 

International WOCE Newsletter, No. 25, 36–37. 

Castle, R.D., R. Wanninkhof, J.L. Bullister, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, B.E. Huss, E. 

Johns, F.J. Millero, K. Lee, D. Frazel, D. Wisegarver, D. Greely, F. Menzia, M. 

Lamb, G. Berberian, and L.D. Moore, Jr., 1998: Chemical and hydrographic profiles 

and underway measurements from the eastern North Atlantic during July and August 1993. NOAA Data Report ERL AOML–32. 

Doney, S.C. and J.L. Sarmiento, ed., 1998: Synthesis and Modeling Project; TimeSeries Stations and Modeling Planning Report. U.S. JGOFS Planning Report 21, 

U.S. JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole, MA, 96 pp. 

Doney, S.C., 1998: SMP Workshop looks at ocean biogeochemical responses to climate change, U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2. 

Doney, S.C. and C.L. Sabine, 1999: Direct estimates of the oceanic inventory of 

anthropogenic carbon, WOCE Accomplishments, U.S. WOCE Implementation Report 

Number 11, U.S. WOCE Office, College Station, TX, 8–10. 

Doney, S.C., J.C. McWilliams, and R.D. Smith, 1999: Mesoscale eddies and the 

oceanic general circulation, WOCE Accomplishments, U.S. WOCE Implementation 

Report Number 11, U.S. WOCE Office, College Station, TX, 15–18. 

Doney, S.C. and J.L. Sarmiento, ed., 1999: Synthesis and Modeling Project; Ocean 

biogeochemical response to climate change. U.S. JGOFS Planning Report 22, U.S. 

JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole, MA, 105 pp. 

Roether, W. and S.C. Doney, ed., 1999: Report of the WOCE–AIMS Tracer Workshop, WOCE Report No. 167/99, WOCE International Project Office, Southampton, 

UK, 70 pp. 

27 

Gent, P., F. Bryan, S. Doney, and W. Large, 1999: A perspective on the ocean 

component of climate models, CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol 4, No. 4, CLIVAR Project Office, Southampton, UK, 11–14. 

Doney, S.C. and J.A. Kleypas, 1999: SMP investigators share results and assess 

progress at annual meeting. U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 10, No. 2, 5–6. 

Moore, J.K. and S.C. Doney, 2000: Incorporating iron into a global ecosystem 

model. U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1–2. 

Doney, S.C. and J.A. Kleypas, 2000: Expanding scope of U.S. JGOFS SMP shown 

at annual meeting, U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 10, No. 4, 3–5. 

Lee, C., M. Abbott, R. Anderson, J. Barth, M. Bender, S. Doney, H. Ducklow, R. 

Feely, D. Hansell, and D. Karl, 2000: Ocean Carbon Transport, Exchanges and 

Transformations (http://www.msrc.sunysb.edu/octet/). 

Kleypas, J.A. and S.C. Doney, 2001: Nutrients, chlorophyll, primary production 

and related biogeochemical properties in the ocean mixed layer—A compilation of 

data collected at nine JGOFS sites. NCAR Technical Report, NCAR/TN–447+STR, 

53 pp. 

Doney, S.C. and J.A. Kleypas, 2001: U.S. JGOFS SMP investigators gather for 

summer meeting, U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 11, No. 3, 7–8. 

Bender, M., S. Doney, R.A. Feely, I. Fung, N. Gruber, D.E. Harrison, R. Keeling, 

J.K. Moore, J. Sarmiento, E. Sarachik, B. Stephens, T. Takahashi, P. Tans, and R. 

Wanninkhof , 2002: A large-scale CO2 observing plan: In situ oceans and atmosphere (LSCOP). NOAA OAR Special Report, 201 pp. 

Doney, S.C. and M. Hood, 2002: A Global Ocean Carbon Observation System, A 

Background Report, Global Ocean Observing System Report No. 118, UNESCO 

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC/INF–1173, 55 pp. 

Doney, S.C. and J.A. Kleypas, 2002: Advances highlighted at summer meeting of 

U.S. JGOFS SMP investigators, U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 12, No. 1, 3–4. 

Doney, S.C., S. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, W.G. Large, and J.C. McWilliams, 2003: 

Modeling oceanic interannual variability (1958–1997): Simulation design and modeldata evaluation. NCAR Technical Report, NCAR/TN–452+STR, 48 pp. 

Kiehl, J.T., C.S. Bretherton, P. Chang, J.J. Hack, W. Large, M. Blackmon, C. Bitz, 

D. McKenna, S. Doney, J. Fein, S.J. Reid, D. Bader, 2003: Community Climate System Model Science Plan (2004–2008), P.E. Merilees (ed.), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, www.ccsm.ucar.edu, 76 pp. 

Kiehl, J.T., J. Hack, P. Gent, W. Large, M. Blackmon, P. Chang, C.S. Bretherton, 

S. Doney, D. McKenna, 2003: Community Climate System Model Strategic Business 

Plan (2004–2008), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 

www.ccsm.ucar.edu, 28 pp. 

Doney, S.C. 2003: JGOFS not over yet: U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling 

Project still going strong, U.S. JGOFS News, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1–2. 

Doney, S.C., R. Anderson, J. Bishop, K. Caldeira, C. Carlson, M.-E. Carr, R. Feely, 

M. Hood, C. Hopkinson, R. Jahnke, D. Karl, J. Kleypas, C. Lee, R. Letelier, C. 

McClain, C. Sabine, J. Sarmiento, B. Stephens, and R. Weller, 2004: Ocean Carbon 

and Climate Change (OCCC): An Implementation Strategy for U.S. Ocean Carbon 

Cycle Science, UCAR, Boulder, CO, 108 pp. 

Ciais, P., B. Moore, W. Steffen, M. Hood, S. Quegan, J. Cihlar, M. Raupach, J. 

Tschirley, G. Inoue, S. Doney, C. Heinze, C. Sabine, K. Hibbard, D. Schulze, M. 

Heimann, A. Che ́din, P. Monfray, A. Watson, C. LeQue ́re ́, P. Tans, H. Dolman, R. 

Valentini, O. Arino, J. Townshend, G. Seufert, C. Field, T. Igarashi, C. Goodale, A. 

Nobre, D. Crisp, D. Baldocchi, S. Denning, I. Rasool, W. Cramer, R. Francey, D. 

Wickland, 2004: Integrated Global Carbon Observation Theme, a report of the Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership, published by the Integrated Global 

Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden, http://www.igbp.kva.se, 53 pp. 

Doney, S.C., 2004: Final U.S. JGOFS SMP workshop marks end of an era, U.S. 

JGOFS News, Vol. 12, No. 4, 12. 

Doney, S.C., 2004: The future of ocean biogeochemical research, U.S. JGOFS 

News, Vol. 12, No. 4, 13. 

Ocean ITI Working Group, 2004: Trends in Information Technology Infrastructure 

in the Ocean Sciences, 24 pp., http://www.geo-prose.com/oceanslitiltrends. 

Denning, S., R. Oren, D. McGuire, C. Sabine, S. Doney, K. Paustian, M. Torn, L. 

Dilling, L. Heath, P. Tans, S. Wofsy, R. Cook, S. Waltman, A. Andrews, G. Asner, 

J. Baker, P. Bakmin, R. Birdsey, D. Crisp, K. Davis, C. Field, C. Gerbig, D. 

Hollinger, D. Jacob, B. Law, J. Lin, H. Margolis, G. Marland, H. Mayeux, C. 

McClain, B. McKee, C. Miller, S. Pawson, J. Randerson, J. Reilly, S. Running, S. 

Saleska, R. Stallard, E. Sundquist, S. Ustin, and S. Verma, 2005: Science Implementation Strategy for the North American Carbon Program, UCAR, Boulder, CO, 67 

pp. 

28 

Doney, S.C. and D.M. Glover, 2005: Recent advances in the ocean carbon system, 

EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 86(42), 399–400. 

Wanninkhof, R., S. Doney, E. Peltola, 2005: Underway pCO2 Data Obtained During the R/V Ronald H. Brown Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean on CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Sections A16S (11 January—24 February, 2005), http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ 

oceans/RepeatSections/clivarla16s.html. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis 

Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee. 

Wanninkhof, R. and S.C. Doney, 2005: Cruise Report CLIVAR A16S 2005, http:// 

www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/a16s/. Doney, S.C., 2006: Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry-United States, IMBER Update, Issue 2, March 2006, 5. 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, E. Peltola , R.D. Castle, F.J. Millero, J.L. Bullister, 

D.A. Hansell, M.J. Warner, C. Langdon, G.C. Johnson, and C.W. Mordy. 2006: Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Ronald H. 

Brown Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean: CLIVAR CO2 Section 

A16S—2005 (11 January–24 February, 2005), ed. A. Kozyr. ORNL/CDIAC–151, 

NDP–087. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 38 pp. (available from 

http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/ndpl087/NDP–087.html). 

Doney, S.C. and D.M. Glover, U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) 

2006 Summer Workshop, IMBER Update, Issue 4, Sept. 2006, 12–14. 

Doney, S.C. and N.M. Levine, Detecting anthropogenic carbon inventory growth 

in a noisy ocean, SOLAS News, Issue 4, Autumn 2006, 9 (www.solas-int.org). 

Gruber, N., S.C. Doney, S.R. Emerson, D. Gilbert, T. Kobayashi, A. Ko ̈rtzinger, 

G.C. Johnson, K. S. Johnson, S.C. Riser, and O. Ulloa, The Argo-Oxygen Program, 

A white paper to promote the addition of oxygen sensors to the international Argo 

float program, 60 pp., http://www.ioccp.org, draft release Feb. 2007. 

Doney, S.C. 2007: The role of biogeochemistry in the climate system: early experiences from the NCAR Community Climate System Model, in Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses, The National Academies Press, 105–109. 

Schoeberl, M., C. McClain, T. Ackerman, Z. Ahmad, M. Behrenfeld, E. Boss, S. 

Brown, J. Butler, B. Cairns, L. Callahan, P. Colarco, D. Diner, S. Doney, A. 

Fridland, P. Hildebrand, S. Hooker, C. Hostetler, A. Hou, K. Hu, Y. Hu, R. Kahn, 

J. Loiacono, R. Marchand, J.V. Martins, G. Meister, M. Mishchenko, S. Platnick, J. 

Redemann, L. Remer, J. Smith, D. Starr, G. Stephens, E. Welton, 2007: Aerosol— 

Cloud—Ocean Biology (ACOB), Proposed Satellite Mission, whitepaper submitted to 

NASA Headquarters, 48 pp. 

Metzl, N., B. Tilbrook, D. Bakker, C. Le Quere, S. Doney, R. Feely, M. Hood, R. 

Dargaville, 2007: Global changes in ocean carbon: variability and vulnerability, 

EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 88, 287. 

IOCCP, 2007: Surface Ocean Variability and Vulnerability Workshop (IOCCP Rpt 

No. 7), Paris, France, April 2007, 100 pp. 

Doney, S. and H. Benway, 2007: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry: an eye toward integrated research. Limnol. Oceanogr. Bulletin, 16(3), 69. 

Benway, H.M. and S.C. Doney, 2007: Advancing the integration of marine ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemistry, EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 

88(47), 504. 

Benway, H.M. and S.C. Doney, 2008: Ocean carbon cycling and climate impacts 

on marine ecosystems, EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 89(47), 472. 

OCB Subcommittee on Ocean Acidification, 2009a: Ocean acidification-recommended strategy for a U.S. National Research Program, Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program, http://us-ocb.org/, 14 pp. 

Boland, S., H. Bo ̈sch, L. Brown, P. Ciais, B. Connor, D. Crisp, S. Denning, S. 

Doney, I. Fung, D. Jacob, B. Johnson, J. Martin-Torres, A. Michalak, C. Miller, D. 

O’Brien, I. Polonsky, C. Potter, P. Rayner, R. Salawitch, M. Santee, P. Wennberg, 

D. Wunch, and Y. Yung, 2009, The need for atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements from space: Contributions from a rapid reflight of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, White paper to NASA, April 2, 2009, 48 pp. 

OCB Subcommittee on Ocean Acidification, 2009b: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program Response to EPA Notice of Data Availability: Ocean Acidification and Marine pH Water Quality Criteria, Public Submission EPA-HQ-OW–2009– 

0224–0163, 33 pp., http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main 

=DocumentDetail&o=090000 64809d0189, http://us-ocb.org/. 

Joint, I., D.M. Karl, S.C. Doney, E.V. Armbrust, W. Balch, M. Berman, C. Bowler, 

M. Church, A. Dickson, J. Heidelberg, D. Iglesias-Rodriguez, D. Kirchman, Z. 

Kolber, R. Letelier, C. Lupp, S. Maberly, S. Park, J. Raven, D.J. Repeta, U. 

Riebesell, G. Steward, P. Tortell, R.E. Zeebe and J.P. Zehr, 2009: Consequences of 

29 

high CO2 and ocean acidification for microbes in the global ocean, Report of expert 

meeting at U. Hawaii, 24–26 February 2009 organized by Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education, 23 pp. 

Fabry, V. J., C. Langdon, W. M. Balch, A. G. Dickson, R. A. Feely, B. Hales, D. 

A. Hutchins, J. A. Kleypas, and C. L. Sabine (2009) (S.C. Doney Contributing Author): Present and future impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and 

biogeochemical cycles, Report of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Scoping 

Workshop on Ocean Acidification Research (UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; 9–11 October 2007), 51 pp. 

NSF Advisory Committee for Geosciences, 2009: GEO Vision Report, National 

Science Foundation, 39 pp. (S. Doney member of GEO Vision Working Groups, a 

subcommittee of NSF Advisory Committee for Geosciences). 

Benway, H.M. and S.C. Doney, 2009: Multidisciplinary perspectives in marine biogeochemistry and ecology, EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 90(45), 414. 

Ocean Acidification Reference User Group, 2009: Ocean Acidification: the Facts. 

A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decisionmakers. D.d’A. Laffoley 

and J.M. Baxter (eds.), European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), 12 pp. 

(S. Doney provided acknowledged scientific advice). 

Published Abstracts (Total of 125) 

Doney, S.C. and W.J. Jenkins, 1987: The dependence of ventilation rates on transient tracer boundary conditions. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 68(50), 1700. 

Doney, S.C. and W.J. Jenkins, 1990: North Atlantic abyssal ventilation estimates 

using transient tracers. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 71, 168. 

Doney, S.C. and J.L. Bullister, 1990: Chlorofluorocarbons in the Eastern North 

Atlantic. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 71, 1401. 

Doney, S.C. and R. Najjar, 1992: Nutrient cycling and new production in a coupled 

biological-physical model. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 73, 303. 

Doney, S.C. 1994: Irreversible thermodynamics and air-sea exchange. Eos Trans. 

AGU, Meeting Supp., 75, 195. 

Glover, D.M. and S.C. Doney, 1994: A coupled, one -dimensional biological-physical model for the Sargasso Sea: chlorophyll and ocean color. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 75, 373. 

Chapman, P., S.C. Doney, E. Howell, and D. Olson, 1996: Nutrient relationships 

in the northern Indian Ocean. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 76, OS26. 

Olson, D., S.C. Doney, and D. Musgrave, 1996: Tracing the ocean’s deep circulation. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 76, OS41. 

Doney, S.C., J.L. Bullister, and D.P. Wisegarver, 1996: Temporal evolution of 

chlorofluorocarbon distribution in the eastern North Atlantic. Eos Trans. AGU, 

Meeting Supp., 75, OS128. 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, T.-H. Peng, R. Feely, and J.L. Bullister, 1996: Penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the North Atlantic Ocean. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 76, OS128. 

Glover, D.M., and S.C. Doney, 1996: Seasonal global mixed layer PZND model. 

Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 76, OS168. 

Howell, E., D.B. Olson, R.A. Fine, and S. Doney, 1996: Biogeochemical rate estimates in the monsoonal gyre of the North Indian Ocean during WOCE. Eos Trans. 

AGU, Meeting Supp., 77, F393. 

Glover, D.M. and S.C. Doney, 1996: The aliasing of mesoscale spatial variability 

into time-series data: satellite based estimates for the JGOFS–BATS site. Eos 

Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 77, F402. 

Lee, J.M., G.P. Brasseur, S.C. Doney, D.J. Erickson III, and J.-F. Muller, 1996: 

Modeled distribution of methyl bromide in a 3–D coupled ocean-atmosphere study. 

Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 77, F108. 

Gent, P.R., F.O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, S.C. Doney, W.R. Holland, W.G. Large, 

J.C. McWilliams, 1996: The NCAR Climate System Model global ocean component. 

Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 77, F380. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, and R.H Evans, 1998: The aliasing of mesoscale spatial 

variability into time-series data: satellite based estimates for the JGOFS–BATS site, 

revisited. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 79, OS7. 

Doney, S.C., M.W. Hecht, and K. Lindsay, 1998: Transient tracer simulations in 

the global NCAR CSM ocean model. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 79, F441. 

Perez-Suarez, S.D. and S.C. Doney, 1998: Tritium concentrations in precipitation: 

relaxation to the natural background. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 79, F496. 

Rosenbloom, N.A., S.C. Doney, and D.S. Schimel, 1998: Hillslope mass transport, 

catenary sequences and soil organic matter: numerical simulations and model-data 

comparisons of the CREEP model for Great Plains grassland environments. Eos 

Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 79, F264. 

30 

Glover, D.M., S.J. McCue, S.C. Doney, and M. Fuentes, 1998: Spatial-temporal 

decorrelation length scales in the SeaWiFS ocean color data for the North Atlantic. 

Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 79, F431. 

Siegel, D.A., J.A. Yoder, S.C. Doney, N.B. Nelson, M. Kennelly, M. Lorenzi-Kaiser, 

1999: Satellite views of the North Atlantic spring bloom. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting 

Supp., 80, F45. 

Famiglietti, J., S.C. Doney, N. Rosenbloom, D. Schimel, S. Graham, 1999: Impact 

of continental streamflow transport on fully-coupled climate system model simulations, Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 80, F362–363. 

Hecht, M.W. and S.C. Doney, 1999: Sensitivity of transient tracer simulations to 

a bottom boundary layer scheme in a global ocean climate model. Eos Trans. AGU, 

Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS304. 

Fung, I.Y., S.K. Meyn, I. Tegen, S.C. Doney, J.G. John, and J.K.B. Bishop, 1999: 

Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS105. 

Williams, S., W.J. Jenkins, and S.C. Doney, 1999: A bomb-tritium budget for the 

North Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80, (49), OS100. 

Doney, S.C., J.K. Moore, J. Kleypas, D.M. Glover, and I. Fung, 1999: Iron limitation in the global marine environment: Exploration in an intermediate complexity, 

prognostic mixed layer ecosystem model. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting 

Supp., 80(49), OS65. 

Louanchi, F., R.G. Najjar, and S. Doney, 1999: New production and shallow remineralization estimated from a seasonal oxygen climatology and a biogeochemical 

model. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS302. 

Iglesias-Rodriguez, D., C. Brown, S. Doney, J. Kleypas, D. Kolber, Z. Kolber, R. 

Najjar, P. Hayes, L. Medlin, and P. Falkowski, 1999: Statistical distribution of functional phytoplankton groups in the oceans: Representing Coccolithophores in carbon 

cycle models. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS248–249. 

Kennelly, M.A., J.A. Yoder, B.M. Uz, and S. Doney, 1999: Satellite studies of Winter-Spring phytoplankton chlorophyll transitions in the North Atlantic. Eos Trans. 

AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS64. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, A.J. Mariano, R.H. Evans, and S.J. McCue, 1999: 

Mesoscale variability in Time-Series Data: Satellite based estimates for the U.S. 

JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) Site. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean 

Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS64. 

Zedler, S.E., T. Dickey, S. Doney, and J. Price, 1999: Observations and modeling 

of Hurricane Felix. Eos Trans. AGU, Ocean Sciences Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS44. 

Lima, I., S. Doney, F. Bryan, D. McGillicuddy, L. Anderson, and M. Maltrud, 

1999: Preliminary results from an eddy-resolving ecosystem model for the North Atlantic. Eos Trans. AGU, Meeting Supp., 80(49), OS28. 

Michaels, A.F., D. Capone, S. Doney, D. Sigman, N. Mahowald, D. Siegel, 2000: 

Biocomplexity: oceanic nitrogen fixation, atmospheric dust and global climate. Eos 

Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl. 

Balle ́, J., I. Fung, S.C. Doney, 2000: Modeling 13 C variations in the ocean. Eos 

Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl. 

Doney, S.C., 2000: The current status and future directions of global ocean carbon 

cycle modeling. Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl. 

Brockmann, P., J.C. Orr, O. Aumont, P. Monfray, R.G. Najjar, F. Louanchi, R. 

Schlitzer, M. Weirig, R. Matear, A. Lenton, Y. Yamanaka, A. Ishida, K. Caldeira, 

M. Wickett, M. Follows, E. Maier-Reimer, K. Lindsay, S. Doney, K. Plattner, F. 

Joos, T. Stocker, R. Slater, N. Gruber, J. Sarmiento, R. Key, A. Yool, I. Totterdell, 

C. Sabine, 2000: Constraining oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 through 3–D 

model-data comparison. Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, M. Fuentes, S.J. McCue, 2000: Mesoscale variability of 

satellite ocean color: global patterns and spatial scales, Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. 

Suppl. 

Dargaville, R.J. and S.C. Doney, 2001: Modeling inter-annual variability at baseline CO2 stations: Contributions from sources and transport. Eos Trans. AGU, Fall 

Meet. Suppl., 82, F227. 

Fung, I.Y. and S. Doney, 2001: Use of space-borne observations to study air-sea 

CO2 exchange, Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., 82, F620. 

Siegel, D.A., S.C. Doney, and J.A. Yoder, 2002: Sverdrup’s critical depth hypothesis and the North Atlantic spring bloom, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences 

Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS11Q–10. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, N. Nelson, 2002: Mesoscale and submesoscale ocean 

color variability about the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Site (BATS), Eos Trans. 

AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS11Q–12. 

31 

Sarmiento, J.L., R. Slater, P. Monfray, R. Barber, L. Bopp, S. Doney, A.C. Hirst, 

J. Kleypas, R. Matear, U. Mikolajewicz, J. Orr, V. Soldatov, S. Spall, and R. 

Stouffer, 2002: Response of ocean biology to future climate change, Eos Trans. AGU, 

83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS22R–02. 

Michaels, A.F., E.A. Boyle, E.J. Carpenter, S. Doney, G. Haug, D.M. Karl, N. 

Mahowald, R.L. Siefert, D.A. Siegel, D. Sigman, A. Subramaniam, P.L. Yager, and 

D.G. Capone, 2002: Biocomplexity: oceanic nitrogen fixation and global climate. Eos 

Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS32E–173. 

Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, 2002: Phytoplankton functional groups and 

oceanic carbon cycling. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS32E–178. 

Najjar, R., X. Jin, R. Louanchi, and S. Doney, 2002: The seasonal oxygen budget 

of a three-dimensional marine biogeochemical model, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean 

Sciences Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS42K–02. 

Doney, S.C. and P.W. Boyd, 2002: Modeling regional responses by marine pelagic 

ecosystems to global climate change. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract OS42L–02. 

Doney, S.C., K. Moore, and K. Lindsay, 2002: The Role of Ecosystem Dynamics 

on the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle: Exploratory 3–D Simulations in the CCSMOcean Model, Eos Trans. AGU, 83 (47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS52B–0211. 

Aumont, O, K Caldeira, J Campin, S Doney, H Drange, M Follows, Y Gao, N 

Gruber, A Ishida, F Joos, R Key, K Lindsay, E Maier-Reimer, R Matear, P Monfray, 

R Najjar, *J Orr, G Plattner, A Mouchet, C Sabine, J Sarmiento, R Schlitzer, R 

Slater, I Totterdell, M Weirig, M Wickett, 2002: Multi-tracer constraints on ocean 

storage of anthropogenic CO2, Eos Trans. AGU, 83 (47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract 

OS52B–0222. 

Siegel, D.A., J.C. Ohlmann, S.C. Doney, and C.R. McClain, 2002: Variability of 

Ocean Radiant Heating in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, Eos Trans. AGU, 83 (47), 

Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A22A–0070. 

Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E., N.P. Gruber, A.R. Jacobsen, K. Caldeira, S.C. Doney, M. 

Gloor, M. Follows, K. Lindsay, R. Matear, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, J.L. 

Sarmiento, 2003: Inverse Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide from Ocean 

Interior Carbon Measurements and Ocean General Circulation Models, Eos Trans. 

AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A31H–01. 

Baker, D.F., B. Stephens, S. Doney, and D. Schimel, 2003: A 4–D Variational 

Data Assimilation Approach for Estimating Time-Varying Sources and Sinks of CO2, 

Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A51H–06. 

Dilling, L., S. Doney, J. Edmonds, K.R. Gurney, R. Harriss, D. Schimel, B. Stephens, and G. Stokes, 2003: A review of the role of carbon cycle science in supporting carbon management policy, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B51F–01. 

Bonfils, C., I. Fung, S. Doney, J. John, 2003: Can we detect interannual variability of summertime terrestrial photosynthesis from climatic and hydrological 

markers? Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B52E–06. 

Moore, J., S.C. Doney, and K. Lindsay, 2003: Phytoplankton Ecology in a Global 

3D Ecosystem Simulation, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(52), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS22A–11. 

Jenkins, W.J. and S.C. Doney, 2003: The Subtropical Nutrient Spiral, Eos Trans. 

AGU, 84(52), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS32L–08. 

Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E., N.P. Gruber, A.R. Jacobson, K. Caldeira, S.C. Doney, M. 

Gloor, M. Follows, L. Keith, R. Matear, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, J.L. Sarmiento, 

2003: Estimates of Air-sea Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Flux From Ocean Interior 

Carbon Measurements and Ocean General Circulation Models, Eos Trans. AGU, 

84(52), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS42I–06. 

Doney, S.C., and W.J. Jenkins, 2004: The subtropical nutrient spiral, ASLO/TOS 

Ocean Research Conference, 2004, Abstract Book, pp 42. 

McGillicuddy, D.J., L.A. Anderson, S.C. Doney, and M.E. Maltrud, 2004: Eddydriven sources and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean: results from a 0.1 degree 

resolution model of the North Atlantic, ASLO/TOS Ocean Research Conference, 

2004, Abstract Book, pp 104. 

Barber, R.T., J. Sarmiento, R. Slater, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, A.C. Hirst, J. Kleypas, 

R. Matear, U. Mikolajewicz, P. Monfray, V. Soldatov, S. Spall, and R. Stouffer, Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming, ASLO/TOS Ocean Research Conference, 2004, Abstract Book, pp 11. 

Stanley, R.H.R., W.J. Jenkins and S.C. Doney, 2004: The noble gas toolbox for airsea gas exchange, SOLAS Open Science Conference, Halifax, Canada. 

32 

Toole, D.A., D.A. Siegel, D. Slezak, and S.C. Doney, A light-driven dimethylsulfide 

biogeochemical cycling model for the Sargasso Sea, SOLAS Open Science Conference, Halifax, Canada. 

Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E., N.P. Gruber, A. Jacobson, S. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, M. 

Follows, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, 2004: On the robustness of airsea flux estimates of carbon dioxide from ocean inversions, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 

Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A12B–06. 

Bonfils, C., A. Angert, C. Henning, S. Biraud, S.C. Doney, I. Fung, 2004: Extending the record of photosynthetic activity over the eastern United States into the presatellite period using surface diurnal temperature range, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 

Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, B23A–0932. 

Fung, I., S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, J. John, 2004: Carbon-climate feedbacks in the 

NCAR Community Climate System Model, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract, B32A–05. 

Moore, J.K. and S.C. Doney, 2004: Dust Deposition, Ecosystem Response, and 

Oceanic Uptake of Atmospheric CO2, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, B33A–0247. 

Wallis, A., S.C. Doney, D.M. Glover, N. Nelson, 2004: Characterizing 

submesoscale ocean color variability in the Sargasso Sea in the vicinity of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Site (BATS): A geostatistical approach, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS21C–1274. 

Orr, J.C., V.J. Fabry, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, K. Caldeira, M.E. Wickett, S.C. Doney, 

R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M. Follows, N. Gruber, G. Plattner, A. Ishida, Y. 

Yamanaka, F. Joos, A. Gnanadesikan, R.M. Key, J.L. Sarmiento, R.D. Slater, K. 

Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R.G. Najjar, R. 

Schlitzer, M. Weirig, A. Yool, I. Totterdell, Aragonite undersaturation in the highlatitude surface ocean within the 21 st Century, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract, OS24B–08. 

Tsumune, D., F.O. Bryan, S.C. Doney, M.W. Hecht, N. Nakashiki, 2004: Interannual variability of chlorofluorocarbons, pCFC ages and ideal ages in the North 

Pacific from 1958–2000 as simulated by an ocean general circulation model, Eos 

Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS31A–05553. 

Hynes, A.M., E.A. Webb, S.T. Dyhrman, and S.C. Doney, 2005: Phosphorus and 

iron physiology in North Pacific Trichodesmium, poster at the 2005 ASLO Aquatic 

Sciences Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, Feb. 2005. 

Friedrichs, M., R. Hood, L. Anderson, R. Armstrong, F. Chai, J. Christian, S. 

Doney, J. Dunne, J. Dusenberry, M. Fujii, J. Klinck, D. McGillicuddy, M. Schartau, 

Y. Spitz, J. Wiggert, 2005: The regional ecosystem modeling intercomparison project, 

European Geosciences Union General Assembly, EGU05–A–03719, Vienna, Austria, 

April 2005. 

Maltrud, M., S. Doney, I. Lima, D. McGillicuddy, and K. Moore, 2005: A global 

eddy-permitting physical/biological ocean simulation, EGU05–A–09328, Vienna, 

Austria, April 2005. 

Lindsay, K., K. Moore, and S. Doney, 2006: The impact of tracer advection 

schemes on biogeochemical tracers, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract OS35A12. 

Moore, J.K. and S. Doney, 2006: Nitrogen fixation and water column 

denitrification: Linking the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen at the global scale, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS34A–03. 

Kennelly, M.A., J.A. Yoder, S.C. Doney, and I. Lima, 2006: Intercomparison of biogeochemical properties at Atlantic and Pacific observatory sites using ocean data 

and a PARADIGM model, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS45B–16. 

Levine, N.M., S. Doney, K. Lindsay, and R. Wanninkhof, 2006: Ocean carbon system variability and the detection of oceanic anthropogenic CO2 uptake, Eos Trans. 

AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS52A–04. 

Gruber, N., H. Frenzel, T. Nagai, A. Leinweber, G. Plattner, J.C. McWilliams, 

K.D. Stolzenbach, F. Chavez, G. Friederich, B. Hales, and S. Doney, 2006: Toward 

a first carbon budget for the U.S. West Coast’s margins, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), 

Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS33D–04. 

Wanninkhof, R., S. Doney, J.L. Bullister, N. Gruber, C. Sabine, R.A. Feely, G.C. 

Johnson and F. Millero, 2006: Changes in inorganic carbon inventory in the Atlantic 

Ocean over the last decade, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS52C–01. 

Friedrichs, M.A., L. Anderson, R. Armstrong, F. Chai, J. Christian, S. Doney, J. 

Dunne, J. Dusenberry, M. Fujii, R. Hood, D. McGillicuddy, M. Schartau, Y. Spitz, 

and J. Wiggert, 2006: The regional ecosystem model intercomparison project, Eos 

Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS34A–06. 

33 

McKinley, G.A., T. Takahashi, E. Buitenhuis, F. Chai, J. Christian, S. Doney, M. 

Jiang, C. Lequere, I. Lima, R. Murtugudde, L. Shi, and P. Wetzel, 2006: North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, 

Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS24G–03. 

Yoder, J., M. Kennelly, S. Doney, and I. Lima, 2006: Long-term trends in model 

and satellite-derived chlorophyll concentrations in selected regions of the global 

ocean, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS52A–08. 

Glover, D.M., N.M. Frew, S.C. Doney, I.D. Lima, M.J. Caruso, and M.J. McCue, 

2006: The application of mean square slope derived gas transfer velocities in a global general circulation model, 2006: Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS53A–1092. 

Warner, M.J., J.L. Bullister, R. Wanninkhof, and S. Doney, 2006: Temporal 

change in the CFC distributions along 25 W in the South Atlantic since the WOCE 

period, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS21C–1596. 

Johnson, G.C., S.C. Doney, S. Mecking, B.M. Sloyan, and S.E. Wijffels, Abyssal 

temperature variability and the global ocean heat budget, 2006: Eos Trans. AGU, 

87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS41D–05. 

Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, A.L. Cohen, W.B. Curry, and S.C. Doney, 2006: The 

North Atlantic Oscillation reconstructed at Bermuda for 220 Years using Sr/Ca Ratios in Diploria labyrinthiformis (brain coral), Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract, PP42A01. 

Hynes, A.M., J.B. Waterbury, E.A. Webb, and S.C. Doney, 2007: Diversity of 

Trichodesmium: Characterization of the Woods Hole culture collection, ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2007, Meeting Report, 21. 

Najjar, R., X. Jin, F. Louanchi, O. Aumont, K. Caldeira, S. Doney, J. Dutay, M. 

Follows, N. Gruber, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R.J. Matear, K. 

Matsumoto, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, J.C. Orr, G.K. Plattner, J.L. Sarmiento, R. 

Schlitzer, M.F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, 2007: Impact of circulation on 

export production, dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen in the ocean: Results from OCMIP–2, ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2007, Meeting Report, 53. 

Denning, S.A., S. Doney, D. Zupanski, S.R. Kawa, G.J. Collatz, and S. Pawson, 

2007: Status of current capabilities and future directions for carbon cycle data assimilation, 87th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting. 

Gruber, N., N. Lovenduski, H. Brix, S.C. Doney, I. Lima, and D.W. Thompson, 

2007: Recent Biogeochemical Trends in the Southern Ocean: Signs of a positive feedback in the climate system? EGU General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, EGU2007–A02788. 

Nevison, C.D., N.M. Mahowald, and S.C. Doney, 2007: Seasonal rectifier effects 

in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) and CO2, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. 

Suppl., Abstract, B51 E–05. 

Paytan, A., K.R. Mackey, Y. Chen, N. Mahowald, S. Doney, and A. Post, 2007: 

Atmospheric dust impacts on marine phytoplankton, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall 

Meet. Suppl., Abstract, A33E–1649. 

Stanley, R., W.J. Jenkins, D.E. Lott, and S.C. Doney, 2007: Using noble gases to 

constrain gas exchange and biological productivity, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall 

Meet. Suppl., Abstract, OS32A–03. 

Thornton, P., K. Lindsay, S. Doney, J.K. Moore, and N. Mahowald, 2007: Fundamental influence of carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling on climate-carbon cycle 

feedbacks, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, B33F–07. 

Baker, D.F., H. Boesch, and S.C. Doney, 2007: The constraint on surface CO2

fluxes provided by OCO column CO2 measurements: a realistic assessment, Eos 

Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, A12B–06. 

Stanley, R.H., W.J. Jenkins, S.C. Doney, and D.E. Lott, 2008: A time-series of five 

noble gases and tritiugenic helium–3 as tracers for biogeochemical cycles, AGU/ 

ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Moore, J.K., A. Krishnamurthy, S.C. Doney, and N. Mahowald, 2008: The influence of external iron inputs on marine ecology and biogeochemical cycles, AGU/ 

ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Doney, S.C., S. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, W.G. Large, and J.C. McWilliams, 2008: 

Mechanisms governing interannual variability of upper ocean temperature in a global ocean hindcast simulation, AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Andersson, A.J., N.R. Bates, M.A. Jeffries, J.K. Neely, S.C. Doney, and N. Benoit, 

2008: Increasing uptake and fate of CO2 in North Atlantic subtropical mode water 

(STMW), AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, J.L. Bullister, R.A. Feely, and F.J. Millero, 2008: 

Methods of determining changes in anthropogenic carbon inventory in the Atlantic 

Ocean over the last decade, AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

34 

Levine, N.M., D.A. Toole, A.R. Neeley, J.W. Dacey, S.C. Doney, N.R. Bates, and 

M.A. Moran, 2008: Bacterially driven diurnal changes in the upper ocean sulfur 

cycle, AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Chepurin, G.A., J.A. Carton, S.C. Doney, and I.D. Lima, 2008: Impact of temperature and salinity assimilation on the global biogeochemical parameters distribution, 

AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Hynes, A.M., E.A. Webb, J.B. Waterbury, and S.C. Doney, 2008: Identification and 

quantification of the nitrogen fixer Trichodesmium: phylogeny and qPCR, AGU/ 

ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, N.B. Nelson, and A. Wallis, 2008: Submesoscale anisotropy (fronts, eddies, and filaments) as observed near Bermuda with ocean color 

data, AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Lima, I., S.C. Doney, N. Mahowald, R.A. Feely, F. Mackenzie, and J.F. Lamarque, 

2008: Impact of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification 

and inorganic carbon system, AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting 2008. 

Thornton, P., G. Bonan, S. Doney, K. Lindsay, K. Moore, N. Mahowald, J. 

Randerson, I. Fung, J.-F. Lamarque, 2008: Carbon-nitrogen coupling regulates climate-carbon feedback, EGU General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 

10, EGU2008–A–09674. 

Misumi, K., D. Tsumune, T. Yoshimura, J. Nishioka, F.O. Bryan, K. Lindsay, J.K. 

Moore, and S.C. Doney, 2008: Effects of two different iron sources on the iron cycle 

in the subarctic North Pacific, Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans 

International Symposium, Gijon Spain, ICES, PICES, IOC, Poster S2.1–4744. 

Johnson, G.C., S.G. Purkey, J.L. Bullister, A.H. Orsi, C.S. Wiederwohl, M.J. Warner, S. Mecking, B.M. Sloyan, S.E. Wijffels, and S.C. Doney, 2008: Recent decadal 

warming and freshening of Antarctic-derived abyssal waters, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS11E–07. 

Glover, D.M., S.C. Doney, N. Nelson, A. Wallis, 2008: Mesoscale and submesoscale 

influence on variability and anisotropy observed in ocean color data near Bermuda, 

AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS13A–1174. 

Paytan, A., K.R. Mackey, Y. Chen, I.D. Lima, S.C. Doney, N. Mahowald, R. 

Labiosa, and A.F. Post, 2008: Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine 

phytoplankton, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS14B–02. 

Krishnamurthy, A., J.K. Moore, N.M. Mahowald, C. Luo, S.C. Doney, K. Lindsay, 

and C.S. Zender, 2008: The impacts of increasing soluble iron and nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS14B–07. 

Cooley, S.R., and S.C. Doney, 2008: Economic vulnerability assessment of U.S. 

fishery revenues to ocean acidification, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS21A–1156. 

Doney, S.C., N.M. Levine, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sabine, and R.A. Feely, 2008: Observational and model estimates of decadal-scale changes in anthropogenic carbon in 

the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS24A–02. 

Marinov, I., S. Doney, I. Lima, K. Lindsey, and K. Moore, 2008: Response of 

plankton ecology and the carbon cycle to climate change over the 21 st century, 

AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, OS31A–1237. 

Fung, I., S.C. Doney, 2008: Testing carbon-climate models using space observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, AGU 2008 Fall Meeting, A43F–04. 

Parazoo, N.C., S. Denning, S.R. Kawa, S. Pawson, Z. Zhu, K. Gurney, J. 

Randerson, and S. Doney, 2008: Evaluation of transport characteristics of GEOS– 

5 using chemistry transport model simulations of atmospheric CO2, AGU 2008 Fall 

Meeting, A43F–06. 

Levine, N.M., D.A. Toole, A. Neeley, J. Dacey, S.C. Doney, N.R. Bates, and M.A. 

Moran, 2009: Evidence that bacteria play an important role in the upper ocean sulfur cycle at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station, ASLO Aquatic Sciences 

Meeting 2009. 

Boss, E.S., M. Behrenfeld, T. Westberry, R. O’Malley, J. Wiggert, D. Siegel, B. 

Franz, C. McClain, G. Feldman, G. Dall’Olmo, A. Milligan, S. Doney, K. Moore, I. 

Lima, and N. Mahowald, 2009: Global analysis of phytoplankton physiology using 

satellite chlorophyll fluorescence, ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2009. 

H. Thomas, A. E. F. Prowe, I. D. Lima, S. C. Doney, R. Wanninkhof, R. J. 

Greatbatch, U. Schuster, and A. Corbiere, 2009: Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past two decades, EGU 

General Assembly, 2009, Vienna, Austria, EGU2009–5796. 

Doney, S.C., 2009: The coupled cycles of carbon and iron in the sea, Ecol. Soc. 

Amer. Ann. Meeting, (abstract OOS 26–6). 

Le Quere, C., M. Raupach, J.G. Canadell, G. Marland, L. Bopp, P. Ciais, T.J. 

Conway, S. Doney, R. Feely, C.B. Field, P. Foster, P. Friedlingstein, R.A. Houghton, 

C. Huntingford, P. Levy, M.R. Lomas, N. Metzl, A. Mouchet, C. Prentice, J.T. 

Randerson, S.W. Running, J.L. Sarmiento, U. Schuster, S. Sitch, T. Takahashi, N. 

35 

Viovy, G. van der Werf, I. Woodward, 2009: Recent trends in the global carbon cycle, 

8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (ICDC8), Plenary Talk, Jena, Germany. 

Wanninkhof, R., G.-H. Park, S. Doney, T. Takahashi, C. Sabine, K. Lee, R. Feely, 

2009: Empirical estimates of interannual changes in air-sea CO2 fluxes, 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (ICDC8), T1–090, Jena, Germany. 

Denning, S., R. Lokupitiya, D. Zupanski, N. Parazoo, D. Baker, S. Doney, I. 

Baker, R. Kawa, J. Collatz, S. Pawson, K. Gurney, 2009: Carbon cycle data assimilation in the GOSAT era: An observing system simulation, 8th International Carbon 

Dioxide Conference (ICDC8), T4–056, Jena, Germany. 

Stanley, H.R., W.J. Jenkins, D.E. Lott, III, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Bubble and airsea gas exchange fluxes constrained by noble gases, SOLAS Open Science Conference 2009, Barcelona, Spain. 

Swann, A., I. Fung, S. Levis, G.B. Bonan, and S.C. Doney, 2009: Changes in arctic 

vegetation amplify high-latitude warming through greenhouse effect, AGU 2009 Fall 

Meeting (A21F06). 

Denning, A., R. S. Lokupitiya, D. Zupanski, S.R. Kawa, D.F. Baker, S.C. Doney, 

and K.R. Gurney, 2009: Global analysis of carbon sources and sinks with a comprehensive model optimized with GOSAT/Tanso observations, AGU 2009 Fall Meeting (A51A–0110). 

Swift, J.H., T. Dittmar, S.C. Doney, G.C. Johnson, A.H. Orsi, B. Sloyan, K.G. 

Speer, R.H. Wanninkhof, and A.P. Wong, 2009: U.S. Southern Ocean CTD/hydrographic/carbon/tracer meridional transects contributing to the IPY, AGU 2009 Fall 

Meeting (C43C–0516). 

Steinberg, D.K., O.M.E. Schofield, W.R. Fraser, S.E. Stammerjohn, D.G. 

Martinson, S.C. Doney, M. Montes-Hugo, H.W. Ducklow, 2010: The changing ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2010 Annual Meeting. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much. 

And now we will go to you, Mr. Cordero. 

All of your statements are automatically a part of the record. 

STATEMENT OF MARIO CORDERO, FEDERAL MARITIME 

COMMISSIONER-DESIGNATE 

Mr. CORDERO. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member 

Hutchison, and members of the Committee. 

I’m honored to have the opportunity to appear before you this 

afternoon as President Obama’s nominee to serve as Commissioner 

on the Federal Maritime Commission. And I thank Chairman 

Lidinsky for his support. 

If confirmed by the Senate, I look forward to supporting the mission of the Federal Maritime Commission, to promote a fair and efficient and reliable international ocean transportation system, and 

to protect the public from unfair and deceptive practices. 

Before I proceed, I would like to introduce my wife, Gloria 

Cordero. We have been married 36 years, and Gloria has been a 

large factor in my personal success and achievements. We are 

blessed to have two wonderful children, now of adult age, as well, 

and well into their respective professions. Our daughter, who’s also 

here, Celine Cordero, is a lawyer. And our son, Mario, is an educator. And we’re also proud to have two grandchildren, Cruz and 

Santos, and a third is on its way. 

I graduated from the University of Santa Clara Law School, and 

I’m in my 30th year of the practice of law. For the past 7 years, 

I have served on the Board of Harbor Commissioners for the Port 

of Long Beach, having served one term as President and two terms 

as Vice President. 

The Port of Long Beach is one of America’s premier seaports and 

a leader in promoting international trade and environmental stewVerDate Nov 24 2008 12:20 Oct 13, 2011 Jkt 070644 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6601 S:\GPO\DOCS\70644.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE
36 

ardship. This port is also the second-largest container port in the 

Nation and, together with the Port of Los Angeles, is the Nation’s 

largest port complex. 

The port’s gross operating revenues, for Fiscal Year 2009, which was a down year, was $311.4 million. The value of trade that 

moves through the Port of Long Beach on an annual basis is estimated at $120 billion. For year 2009, the port handled in excess 

of 132 million tons of cargo. The port supports 30,000 jobs in the 

City of Long Beach and, it’s estimated, 300,000 jobs in the southern 

California region. 

In 2009, the readers of Cargonews Asia named the Port of Long 

Beach as the best seaport in North America for the 5th consecutive 

year and the 13th time in the past 14 years. 

My service at the Port of Long Beach has provided me with firsthand experience in the areas of international trade, goods movements, intermodal transportation, and marine terminal operations. 

The port is a focal point of the Nation’s largest liner trade lane, the 

Transpacific. 

In the global economy of today, it is paramount to have strong 

and open dialogue with international carriers, shippers, and parties 

of interest in relation to foreign commerce. In the scope of my duties as a Harbor Commissioner, I’ve engaged in numerous trade 

missions to Asia, Europe, and Latin America. These missions involved meetings with the major international vessel operating carriers in order to learn more about their issues related to logistics 

and cost. 

In that capacity, I’ve also helped to pioneer the Green Port policy, at the Port of Long Beach. The policy, which was formally 

adopted in January 2005 by the Board of Harbor Commissioners, 

was a bold step at that time, but, today, represents a mainstream 

approach in both the domestic and international maritime communities. In order for the United States to compete in the global market, it is essential to further efficient maritime operations and the 

corresponding goods movement transportation chain. 

If confirmed by the Senate, I am eager to put my experience to 

work on behalf of the Federal Maritime Commission. The Commission’s work is vital in assisting the economic recovery by facilitating international trade through the Nation’s ports, as well as 

supporting increases in the efficiency and sustainability of shipping 

and port operations. 

On a closing note, I again thank President Obama for his nomination to serve on the Federal Maritime Commission, and the Committee, for allowing me, this afternoon, to appear before you. 

I will welcome any questions you may have. 

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 

[The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr. 

Cordero follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF MARIO CORDERO, 

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSIONER-DESIGNATE

Good morning Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Hutchison, and members of the 

Committee. 

I am honored to have the opportunity to appear before you this morning as President Obama’s nominee to serve as Commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission, and I thank Chairman Lidinsky for his support. If confirmed by the Senate, 

37 

I look forward to supporting the mission of the Federal Maritime Commission to 

promote a fair, efficient, and reliable international ocean transportation system, and 

to protect the public from unfair and deceptive practices. I further support the intent of the Shipping Act, as amended by the Ocean Shipping Reform Act. 

Before I proceed, I would like to introduce my wife, Gloria Cordero. We have been 

married thirty-six years and Gloria has been a large factor in my personal success 

and achievements. We are blessed with two wonderful children, now of adult age 

and well into their respective professions. Our daughter, Celine, is a lawyer and our 

son Mario is an educator. We are also proud to have two grandchildren, Cruz and 

Santos, and a third is on the way. 

I graduated from Santa Clara University School of Law and I am in my 30th year 

practicing law. For the past 7 years I have served on the Board of Harbor Commissioners for the Port of Long Beach, having served one term as Board President and 

two terms as Vice President. The Port of Long Beach is one of America’s premier 

seaports and a leader in promoting international trade and environmental stewardship. The Port is also the second largest container port in the Nation, and together 

with the Port of Los Angeles, the Nation’s largest port complex. The Port’s gross 

operating revenue for Fiscal Year 2009 (a down year) was $311.4 million. The value 

of trade that moves through the Port on an annual basis is estimated at $120 billion. For year 2009, the Port handled in excess of 132 million tons of cargo. The Port 

supports 30,000 jobs in the City of Long Beach and an estimated 300,000 jobs in 

Southern California. In 2009, readers of Cargonews Asia named the Port of Long 

Beach as the best seaport in North America for the fifth consecutive year and the 

13th time in the past 14 years. 

My service at the Port of Long Beach has provided me with first-hand experience 

in the areas of international trade, goods movement, intermodal transportation, and 

marine terminal operations. The Port is a focal point of the Nation’s largest liner 

trade lane, the Trans-Pacific. In the global economy of today, it is paramount to 

have a strong and open dialogue with international carriers, shippers, and parties 

of interest in relation to foreign commerce. In the scope of my duties as a Harbor 

Commissioner, I have engaged in numerous trade missions in Asia, Europe, and 

Latin America. These missions involved meetings with the major international vessel operating carriers in order to learn about issues related to logistics and cost. 

In that capacity, I also helped to pioneer the Green Port Policy at the Port of Long 

Beach. The policy, which was formally adopted in January 2005 by the Board of 

Harbor Commissioners, was a bold step at the time, but today represents a mainstream approach in both the domestic and international maritime communities. In 

order for the U.S. to compete in the global market, it is essential to further efficient 

maritime operations and the corresponding goods movement transportation chain. 

If confirmed by the Senate, I am eager to put my experience to work on behalf 

of the Federal Maritime Commission. The Commission’s work is vital in assisting 

the economic recovery by facilitating international trade through the Nation’s ports, 

as well as supporting increases in the efficiency and sustainability of shipping and 

port operations. 

On a closing note, I again thank President Obama for this nomination to serve 

on the Federal Maritime Commission and the Committee for allowing me to appear 

before you this afternoon. I welcome any questions you may have. 

A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Mario Cordero. 

2. Position to which nominated: Federal Maritime Commission. 

3. Date of Nomination: September 20, 2010. 

4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses): 

Residence: Information not released to the public. 

Office: 6700 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, CA 90803. 

5. Date and Place of Birth: August 31, 1952; Los Angeles, CA. 

6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your spouse (if married) and the names and ages of your children (including stepchildren and children 

by a previous marriage). 

Gloria Cordero, spouse, Principal, ABC Advocacy Group; Celine Cordero, daughter, 34; Mario Andres Cordero, son, 31. 

7. List all college and graduate degrees. Provide year and school attended. 

Santa Clara University, School of Law J.D. 1975–1978. 

38 

California State University Long Beach, B.A. 1970–1974. 

8. List all post-undergraduate employment, and highlight all management-level 

jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to the position for which you are 

nominated. 

Commissioner, Board of Harbor Commissioners, Port of Long Beach, California. 

2003 to present. 

Board President, June 2007–June 2008; Board Vice President, June 2006–June 

2007, June 2009–June 2010. 

As a Commissioner, I am responsible for the management of executive staff, as 

well as for setting policy and approving leases and contracts for the Port of Long 

Beach, a 7,600-acre complex of land and water that is one of the world’s busiest seaports and a leading gateway for more than $120 billion a year in trade. The Port’s 

gross operating revenues exceed $300 million per year, and it has approximately 400 

employees. 

Senior Attorney, Law Office of Wayne Singer, Long Beach, California, November 2009 to present. 

In my professional career as an attorney specializing in workers compensation defense, I manage support staff, secretarial and paralegal, as well as case management and client relations. I also use my analytical skills to solve complex issues. 

Professor (part time) in Political Science, Long Beach City College, California, 

1996 to present. 

As an instructor of political science at Long Beach City College, I manage students, curriculum, and a variety issues. 

Counsel, Safeco Insurance, Long Beach, California, 2007–2008. 

Attorney, Adelson, Testan & Brundo, Long Beach, California, 2001–2006. 

Attorney, Altman & Shoemaker, Encino, California, 1998–2001. 

Attorney, Ochoa & Sillas, Los Angeles, California, 1996–1998. 

Attorney, Robin, Carmack & Gonia, Tustin, California, 1993–1996. 

Attorney, Nezin, Maher & Johnson, Tustin, California, 1988–1993. 

Counsel, Industrial Indemnity Insurance, Los Angeles, California, 1987–1988. 

Attorney, State Compensation Insurance Fund, Los Angeles, California, 1986– 

1987. 

Sole Practitioner Attorney, Long Beach, California, 1982–1986. 

Counsel, California Department of Insurance, Los Angeles, California, 1980– 

1982. 

9. Attach a copy of your resume. A copy is attached. 

10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other than those listed above, within the last 5 years: None. 

11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee, partner, proprietor, 

agent, representative, or consultant of any corporation, company, firm, partnership, 

or other business, enterprise, educational, or other institution within the last 5 

years. 

President, Association of Pacific Ports, August 2010 to present. 

Vice President, Association of Pacific Ports, August 2009–August 2010. 

Member, Board of Directors, Museum of Latin American Art, 2004 to present. 

Member, Board of Directors, California League of Conservation Voters, 2008 to 

present. 

Member, Board of Directors, St. John Bosco High School, 2005–2009. 

In addition, I have represented clients as a private attorney. 

12. Please list each membership you have had during the past 10 years or currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational, political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religious organization, private club, or other membership organization. Include dates of membership and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note whether any such club or organization restricts membership 

on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or handicap. 

None of the following organizations restrict membership in any way: 

Museum of Latin American Art, Board of Directors, 2004 to present. 

39 

Miller Children’s Hospital, Advisory Council, 2007 to present. 

California League of Conservation Voters, Board of Directors, 2008 to present. 

St. John Bosco High School, Board of Directors, 2005–2009. 

Mexican American Bar Association, Committee Chair, 2001–2003. 

Long Beach Bar Association, Committee Chair, 2003–2004. 

State Bar of California, 1980 to present. 

Bar of the U.S. District of Court Central District of California, 1980 to present. 

13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office (elected, nonelected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any campaign has any outstanding 

debt, the amount, and whether you are personally liable for that debt. 

I was appointed to the Long Beach Harbor Commission in 2003, and reappointed 

in 2009. There was no campaign, and therefore no debt incurred. 

14. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign organization, 

political party, political action committee, or similar entity of $500 or more for the 

past 10 years. Also list all offices you have held with, and services rendered to, a 

state or national political party or election committee during the same period. 

I have not held any office or provided any service to a State or National political 

party and/or election committee. 

Mayor Bob Foster, Long Beach, CA—$500, 2006; $250, 2010. 

15. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition for outstanding service or 

achievements. 

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Institute, 20/20 Vision Award, Public Servant Award, 

2009. 

Community Hispanic Association, Community Award, 2008. 

League of California Cities/Latino Caucus, Public Servant Environmental Leadership Award, 2007. 

Mexican American Bar Association, Attorney of the Year Award, 2007. 

16. Please list each book, article, column, or publication you have authored, individually or with others. Also list any speeches that you have given on topics relevant to the position for which you have been nominated. Do not attach copies of 

these publications unless otherwise instructed. 

I have authored one article, ‘‘Port & Counter-Port: Lawsuit Will Slow Cleanup,’’ 

that appeared in the Long Beach Press Telegram on February 17, 2008. 

As a Harbor Commissioner, I have given a number of speeches relevant to the 

position to which I have been nominated. 

I have presented to the Latin American Delegation of Ports at their annual conference in 2005, 2007, and 2008. The topics have focused on environmental policy 

at port authorities. 

I delivered speeches before the Hemispheric Latin American Conference on best 

practices and environmental policies in regard to port operations. The presentations 

were at conferences held in Panama and Brazil. In addition, at the invitation of the 

Brazilian and Mexican governments, I have delivered speeches on sustainable environmental port operations. 

In 2007, Port of Long Beach and Port of Los Angeles hosted the first ever conference with the Mexican pacific ports. This conference was one in which I played 

a major role in developing. The topics included environmental practices and cooperative agreements on security and environmental technology. In addition, we discussed the status of developing ports in Mexico. I delivered speeches both at the 

2007 conference in Los Angeles and 2009 conference held In Manzanillo, Mexico. 

In 2006, I delivered a speech in Buenos Aires, Argentina on the subject on International trade with an emphasis on western hemispheric relations. 

On two occasions, 2005 and 2007, I have participated in panel presentations before the American Association of Port Authorities. The subject matter related to environmental initiatives and policy at the Port of Long Beach. 

I spoke at the Texas Corridor Transportation Coalition Conference in 2005 and 

2006 on efficient goods movement transportation. 

I have presented at the Fast Freight Clean Air Conference in 2007 and 2008, both 

on the west coast (Los Angeles) and east coast (New York). The subject matter addressed was sustainable environmental port operations. 

I have also addressed sustainable environmental policies as a keynote speaker at 

the Footwear Logistics Distribution Conference and Recycle Exporter Association. 

40 

17. Please identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in writing 

before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity and specify the 

date and subject matter of each testimony: None. 

18. Given the current mission, major programs, and major operational objectives 

of the department/agency to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish 

to serve in that position? 

I have served for almost 7 years on the Board of Harbor Commissioners for the 

Port of Long Beach (POLB), the second largest port in the Nation. During this time, 

I served for a term (2007–2008) as Board President and for two terms (2006–2007, 

2009–2010) as Board Vice President. The Board is charged with the exclusive control to manage and set policy in relation to the Harbor District. The duties include 

providing for the needs of commerce, navigation, and operations related to International Trade. 

My experience as POLB Harbor Commissioner has provided me with first-hand 

experience on many aspects not only with regard to port operations, but in addition 

paramount issues faced by the maritime community, both in the domestic and international arenas. 

The Federal Maritime Commission’s (FMC’s) mission is to foster a fair, efficient, 

and reliable international ocean transportation system. These have also been major 

goals for the POLB during my tenure. Under the Shipping Act, many of the FMC’s 

principal responsibilities include reviewing and evaluating agreements, practices, 

rates, charges, and classifications involving ports, marine terminal operators, and 

ocean carriers to protect commerce and the shipping public. As Commissioner of a 

major port that entered into these agreements and interacted with all segments of 

the maritime industry, if confirmed, I would bring a perspective from the front-lines 

that could benefit the FMC’s mission. 

My desire to serve on the FMC clearly stems from the positive experience I have 

had at the Port of Long Beach. Specifically, I have enjoyed the opportunity to address challenging issues that have come before the Board in relation to international 

commerce and the movement of goods throughout the Nation. In this regard, the 

concepts of sustainability and efficiency, I believe, are paramount to being competitive in the global market. The Port of Long Beach is seen, and acknowledged, as 

a leader in sustainable practices and I would welcome the opportunity to serve on 

the FMC should I be confirmed. 

As a part-time professor for many years at Long Beach City College, I have been 

a passionate advocate to my students of political science that they can make a difference; a concept that will benefit them both as citizens of a great democracy and 

in their respective careers. My service at the Port of Long Beach clearly supports 

the aforementioned view. If confirmed, I hope to bring the same passion to the Federal Maritime Commission. 

19. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to ensure that the 

department/agency has proper management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in managing a large organization? 

First, the goals and objective of an organization are dependent on a keen partnership between the Commission and its management staff. If confirmed, my responsibility would involve not only ensuring the proper oversight, but being proactive on 

the issues before the Commission. Here, that would entail ensuring the staff is not 

only accountable to the policies expressed by the Commission, but responsive to the 

needs of the industry and consumers. 

Second, my experience at the Port of Long Beach provides many parallels as to 

the management of a large organization. The gross operating revenue for the Port 

of Long Beach in Fiscal Year 2009 (a down year) was estimated at $311.4 million. 

In 2008 the revenue sum exceeded $360 million. Total employees at the POLB approximate 400. The Government Finance Officers Association of the United States 

and Canada (GFOA) awarded a Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting to the POLB. The year ending September 30, 2008 was the 26th consecutive year the POLB has received this prestigious award. Serving on the Board 

of Harbor Commissioners has clearly provided not only relevant experience, but one 

that has characterized the POLB as a leader in the industry. 

20. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the department/ 

agency, and why? 

A paramount concern is furthering economic recovery. At the POLB we experienced a downward trend due to overall economic conditions. The shipping industry 

is a vital component not only to the success of international trade, but a component 

in intermodal goods movement in our domestic market. Accordingly, policies and iniVerDate Nov 24 2008 12:20 Oct 13, 2011 Jkt 070644 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6621 S:\GPO\DOCS\70644.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE
41 

tiatives that further the flow of cargo are essential. As to the latter, greater involvement in the area of intermodal cargo movement is vital. 

A second challenge is that of the trade imbalance in regard to export-import 

containerization. In this regard, the Administration has highlighted a National Export Initiative, which is key to the future of our domestic economy and serves to 

provide a positive impact on job production. 

A third challenge is to ensure sustainable and efficient maritime operations. Here, 

adherence to strong environmental practices is essential to continued growth of commerce. On this issue, I believe I bring strong credentials in helping to pioneer the 

Green Port Policy at the Port of Long Beach, which has served as a model for sustainable practices at ports that allow for continued economic growth and competitiveness. An essential component to the aforementioned is the development of green 

technology with the objective of maximizing efficient operations. Furthering sustainable and efficient practices I believe is relevant to the parallel issue of diversion of 

cargo in the vital Trans-Pacific trade. It is well-known our Nation is facing credible 

competition from our neighbors both south and north of our borders. 

B. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

I. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation agreements, and 

other continuing dealings with business associates, clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement accounts: None. 

2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal, to maintain 

employment, affiliation, or practice with any business, association or other organization during your appointment? If so, please explain: No. 

3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other relationships which 

could involve potential conflicts of interest in the position to which you have been 

nominated. 

In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with the FMC’s designated agency ethics official to identify potential conflicts of interest. Any potential 

conflicts of interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms of an ethics agreement that I have entered into with the FMC’s designated agency ethics official and 

that has been provided to this committee. I am not aware of any other potential 

conflicts of interest. 

4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial transaction which you 

have had during the last 10 years, whether for yourself, on behalf of a client, or 

acting as an agent, that could in any way constitute or result in a possible conflict 

of interest in the position to which you have been nominated. 

In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with the FMC’s designated agency ethics official to identify potential conflicts of interest. Any potential 

conflicts of interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms of an ethics agreement that I have entered into with the FMC’s designated agency ethics official and 

that has been provided to this committee. I am not aware of any other potential 

conflicts of interest. 

5. Describe any activity during the past 10 years in which you have been engaged 

for the purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and execution of law or public 

policy. 

In my official capacity as a Harbor Commissioner, I have regularly worked with 

Federal, state, and local governments on legislation and policies relating to port operations and infrastructure. 

In regard to port operations, reducing harmful emissions has been a center point 

at the Port of Long Beach. Accordingly, moving forward with both voluntary initiatives and advocating standards at both the State and Federal level have been key 

in influencing both execution of law and public policy. 

Advocating for improved infrastructure and funding for same has been a major 

concern at the Port of Long Beach. As an example, seeking funding for the Gerald 

Desmond Bridge (The Bridge to Everywhere) from both the State and Federal levels 

has been a focal point. Infrastructure advocacy has included expanding on-dock rail. 

In addition, I have been an advocate for infrastructure relating to improved security 

at the ports. 

In the course of these activities, I have had occasional meetings with Members 

of Congress to discuss infrastructure, maritime, security, and international traderelated issues. I have also received Members of Congress at the Port of Long Beach 

to provide briefings and tours of port operations. 

6. Explain how you will resolve any potential conflict of interest, including any 

that may be disclosed by your responses to the above items. 

42 

Any potential conflicts of interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms 

of an ethics agreement that I have entered into with the FMC’s designated agency 

ethics official and that has been provided to this committee. 

C. LEGAL MATTERS

1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics by, or been the 

subject of a complaint to any court, administrative agency, professional association, 

disciplinary committee, or other professional group? If so, please explain: No. 

2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by any Federal, 

State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal, State, county, or municipal entity, other than for a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

3. Have you or any business of which you are or were an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency proceeding or civil litigation? If so, 

please explain. 

In the fall of 2007, I appealed an unemployment benefit reduction that I had received from the State of California Employment Development Department (Anaheim, CA). From December 2006 to February 2007, I had received unemployment 

from the State of California while I was between jobs. Months later, I received a 

notice of repayment because the benefit calculation did not account for a stipend of 

$100 per meeting that I receive as a Commissioner for the Port of Long Beach. I 

appealed the notice on the issue of whether the stipend was considered income. The 

Department denied my appeal and I promptly repaid approximately $500 in unemployment benefits. 

In approximately 1989, a malpractice suit filed by one of my previous firms’ clients named every attorney at the firm. I was quickly dismissed by the plaintiff because I had not had any significant involvement in the matter at issue. 

4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo contendere) of 

any criminal violation other than a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual harassment or 

discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please 

explain: No. 

6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information, favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in connection with your nomination: 

None. 

D. RELATIONSHIP WITH COMMITTEE

1. Will you ensure that your department/agency complies with deadlines for information set by Congressional committees? Yes. 

2. Will you ensure that your department/agency does whatever it can to protect 

Congressional witnesses and whistle blowers from reprisal for their testimony and 

disclosures? Yes. 

3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with firsthand knowledge of matters 

of interest to the Committee? Yes. 

4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly constituted committee of 

the Congress on such occasions as you may be reasonably requested to do so? Yes. 

RESUME OF MARIO CORDERO

Experience 

Commissioner, Port of Long Beach; Long Beach, California; Board of Harbor Commissioners, 2003 to present. 

Harbor Commission President, July 2007–July 2008. 

Harbor Commission Vice President, July 2006–July 2007; July 2009–July 2010. 

Spearheaded the Green Port Policy at the Port of Long Beach. The Green Port Policy is today an international model for striking a balance among industry, labor, 

shippers and the health and safety of the people who live and work in and around 

ports. Promoted and expanded Port Community Outreach Initiative including the 

new Pulse of the Port, an award winning cable TV program. 

International Environmental and Trade Missions 

Served as Executive Board member on the American Association of Port Authorities’ Latin American delegation. Instrumental in development of policy urging greater cooperation between North American and Latin American ports. 

43 

Speaking Presentations (partial list) 

Application of new Environmental Port technologies, Brazil 2009. 

First Environmental Latin American Hemisphere Conference, Panama 2008. 

Port of Rotterdam symposium (Europe’s largest port) to speak on POLB’s Green 

Port Program, 2007. 

Organized First Annual Conference between Mexican Ports of the Pacific and 

Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles, 2007. 

Trade Missions 

As Port President, was a delegation member for a City of Long Beach trade mission with Mayor Bob Foster to Hamburg, Marseilles and Trieste, 2007. 

Port of Long Beach speaker and representative on Los Angeles economic development trade mission to India, 2007. 

Port of Long Beach representative on trade missions to Korea (2003), China 

(2006) and Japan (2007). 

Appointments 

Currently President of the Association of Pacific Ports, September 2010–2011; 

Vice President; 2009–2010. 

First appointed to Board Commission in 2003 by then Mayor Beverly O’Neill. Reappointed in July 2009 by Mayor Bob Foster. Both times the City Council unanimously approved these 6 year term appointments. 

Law Office of Wayne Singer, Long Beach, California; Senior Attorney specializing 

in workers’ compensation defense; November 2009 to present. 

SAFECO Insurance, Long Beach, California; House Counsel exclusive to workers’ 

compensation defense; February 2007–December 2008. 

Adelson, Testan & Brundo, Long Beach, California; Attorney specializing in workers’ compensation defense and related employment law; August 2001–December 

2006. 

Altman & Shoemaker, Encino, California; Attorney specializing in workers’ compensation defense and related employment law; 1998–2001. 

Ochoa & Sillas, Los Angeles, California; Attorney tasked with workers’ compensation defense, civil litigation and political advocacy; 1996–1998. 

Robin, Carmack & Gonia, Tustin, California; Attorney specializing in workers’ 

compensation defense and related employment law; 1993–1996. 

Nezin, Maher & Johnson, Tustin, California; Attorney specializing in workers’ 

compensation defense; 1988–1993. 

Industrial Indemnity Insurance, Los Angeles, California; House Counsel, workers’ 

compensation defense; 1987–1988. 

State Compensation Insurance Fund, Los Angeles, California; Attorney specializing in workers’ compensation defense; 1986–1987. 

Sole Practioner, Long Beach, California; Attorney in the general practice of law; 

1982–1986. 

California Department of Insurance, Los Angeles, California; Counsel to Insurance 

Commissioner on regulatory affairs; 1980–1982. 

Educator 

Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California; Professor (part-time) in Political 

Science and California Politics; 1996 to present. 

Education 

Santa Clara University School of Law, San Jose, California—Juris Doctor, 1978. 

California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California—B.A. Political 

Science, 1974. 

Language 

Fluent in Spanish 

Licenses 

Admitted to The State Bar of California, 1980 

Admitted to Bar of the U.S. District Court, Central District of California, 1980 

Affiliations 

Member, The State Bar of California 

Member, Long Beach Bar Association, Long Beach, California Past Chair, Workers’ Compensation Committee 

Member, Mexican-American Bar Association, Los Angeles, California Past Chair, 

Workers’ Compensation Committee 

44 

Awards 

‘‘National 20/20 Vision Award’’—2009—The Alternative Fuel Vehicle Institute, 

Las Vegas, NV 

‘‘Attorney of the Year’’—2007—Mexican American Bar Assoc. of Los Angeles 

County 

‘‘Environmental Award’’—2007—League of California Cities, Sacramento, CA 

References 

Available upon request. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much. 

Ms. Dye, you have a sort of a North Carolina college and judicial—or, rather, legal training background. 

Ms. DYE. I do, Mr. Chairman. 

The CHAIRMAN. And I’m very happy that you’re here. 

STATEMENT OF HON. REBECCA F. DYE, COMMISSIONER, 

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 

Ms. DYE. Thank you very much. I appreciate it, and members of 

the Committee. 

I’m honored to appear before you today, renominated by President Obama to be a Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission. 

My daughter, Caroline, who is also a senior at the University of 

North Carolina, was unable to be here today, unfortunately. But, 

I deeply appreciate my fellow commissioners, Chairman Lidinksy 

and Commissioner Corey, being present, and also my other friends 

and supporters, and the Federal Maritime Commission staff who 

have accompanied us here today. 

I began my career in Washington as a commissioned officer and 

attorney in the United States Coast Guard. I later served as a law 

instructor at the Coast Guard Academy. After 2 years as an attorney at the United States Maritime Administration, I joined the 

former Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, in the House 

of Representatives, as Minority Counsel, and later became Counsel 

to the Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Subcommittee of 

the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. I was originally confirmed as a Federal Maritime Commissioner in 2002. 

Mr. Chairman, if I am confirmed to another term at the Federal 

Maritime Commission, I believe that my 30 years of experience in 

maritime law and policy will allow me to continue to contribute 

positively to the Commission’s vital mission. My experience with 

the Coast Guard and the Maritime Administration, as well as the 

Federal Maritime Commission, has allowed me to develop a broad 

understanding of maritime transportation. I’m also very familiar 

with the needs and general concerns of the various industry stakeholders affected by the Commission. 

Mr. Chairman, the international container shipping industry experienced, from late 2008 through 2009, an unprecedented drop in 

international trade volumes. Ocean carriers laid up approximately 

12 percent of the world’s container fleet. 

By early 2010, increases in export and import volumes collided 

with the previous vessel capacity reductions. The resulting supplyand-demand mismatch created serious supply chain disruptions for 

American importers and exporters. 

45 

Due to the Commission’s concerns about the causes of these problems and our concern that the situation could hinder our country’s 

economic recovery, the Commission ordered an investigation into 

this matter and designated me as the investigating officer. Following extensive interviews around the country, Mr. Chairman, I’m 

pleased to report that the condition in U.S. ocean shipping has stabilized. Supply-and-demand in the U.S./Asia trades are more evenly matched today, and shipper complaints have diminished. 

I was also pleased to deliver my final confidential report on my 

investigation to the Commission today. The Commission will consider the report’s recommendations at our meeting scheduled for 

December 8. 

If I am confirmed, Mr. Chairman, I will continue to work with 

shippers and ocean carriers on contractual service and supply chain 

reliability issues, to improve the long-term effectiveness and reliability of the U.S. ocean transportation system. 

Mr. Chairman, during my term at the Commission, I also strongly supported providing relief from tariff publication requirements to 

ocean transportation intermediaries, which could save these businesses up to $2,000 per year. This action would put cash back into 

their businesses and potentially generate additional American jobs. 

The Commission will consider a final rule in this matter in the 

near future. 

Mr. Chairman, of course, if confirmed by the Senate, I’ll be fairminded and objective in executing all of the Commission’s statutory 

directives. And, finally, Mr. Chairman, if I’m confirmed, I’ll do all 

I can to assist in the effort to ensure economic and homeland security for our country. 

Thank you very much for holding this hearing and considering 

my nomination. And I’ll be delighted to answer any questions you 

or the members of the Committee may have. 

Thank you. 

[The prepared statement and biographical information of Ms. 

Dye follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF HON. REBECCA F. DYE, COMMISSIONER, 

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION

Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Hutchinson, and members of the Committee, I 

am honored to appear before you today, renominated by President Obama to be a 

Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission. My daughter, Caroline, who is 

a senior at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, was unable to be here 

with me today. 

I began my career in Washington as a commissioned officer and attorney in the 

United States Coast Guard’s Office of Chief Counsel. I later served as a law instructor at the Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. After 2 years as an 

attorney at the United States Maritime Administration, I joined the former Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries in the House of Representatives as Minority Counsel, and in 1995, I became Counsel for the Coast Guard and Maritime 

Transportation Subcommittee of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. 

I was originally confirmed as a Federal Maritime Commissioner in 2002 and 

again in 2005. Mr. Chairman, if I am confirmed to another term at the Federal Maritime Commission, I believe that my 30 years of experience in maritime law and 

policy will allow me to continue to contribute positively to the Commission’s vital 

mission. My experience with the Coast Guard and the Maritime Administration, as 

well as the Federal Maritime Commission, has allowed me to develop a broad understanding of maritime transportation. I am also very familiar with the needs and 

general concerns of the various industry stakeholders regulated by the Commission. 

46 

Mr. Chairman, the international container shipping industry experienced, from 

late 2008 through late 2009, an unprecedented drop in international trade volumes. 

Ocean carriers laid up roughly 575 vessels worldwide, idling approximately 12 percent of the world’s container fleet. 

By early 2010, increases in export and import volumes collided with previous vessel capacity reductions. The resulting supply and demand mismatch created serious 

supply chain disruptions for American importers and exporters. The Commission received reports from American shippers and intermediaries that they were experiencing extreme difficulty obtaining vessel space and shipping containers for ocean 

transportation, particularly in the U.S.-Asia trades. 

Due to our concerns about the causes of these and other reported problems, as 

well as our concern that this situation could hinder our country’s economic recovery, 

the Commission ordered Fact-Finding Investigation No. 26, Vessel Capacity and 

Equipment Availability in the United States Export and Import Liner Trades. The 

Commission designated me the Investigating Officer in this matter. 

Following extensive interviews at the Commission and around the country, Mr. 

Chairman, I am pleased to report that the condition in U.S. ocean shipping has stabilized. Supply and demand in the U.S.-Asia trades are more evenly matched and 

complaints from American shippers have diminished. 

I am also pleased to announce that I have delivered my final, confidential report 

on my investigation to the Commission today. I developed a number of recommendations to address the problems we discovered during this investigation, in addition 

to the recommendations the Commission adopted this summer. The Commission will 

consider the final recommendations at our meeting scheduled for December 8, 2010. 

If I am confirmed, I will continue to work with shippers and ocean carriers on 

contractual service and supply chain reliability issues to improve the long-term effectiveness and reliability of the U.S. ocean transportation system. 

Mr. Chairman, during my term at the Commission, I strongly supported providing 

relief from tariff publication requirements to ocean transportation intermediaries 

which, according to comments filed with the Commission, could save their business 

up to $200,000 per year. This action would relieve unnecessary requirements, put 

cash back into their businesses, and potentially generate additional American jobs. 

The Commission will consider a final rule in this matter in the near future. 

Mr. Chairman, if confirmed by the Senate, I will be fair-minded and objective in 

executing the Commission’s statutory directives. I will do all I can to guarantee that 

all entities regulated by the Commission are provided with a fair market environment in which to operate. I will also work to eliminate unfair shipping practices by 

foreign governments, and protect cruise ship passengers against undue financial 

risk. 

Finally, Mr. Chairman, if I am confirmed, I will do all I can to assist in the effort 

to ensure economic and homeland security for our country. 

Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for holding this hearing today, and I will 

be delighted to answer any questions you may have. 

A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Rebecca Feemster Dye; 

Maiden name: Rebecca Lynn Feemster; Nickname: ‘‘Becky’’. 

2. Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Federal Maritime Commission. 

3. Date of Nomination: September 20, 2010. 

4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses): 

Residence: Information not released to the public. 

Office: 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20573. 

5. Date and Place of Birth: May 8, 1952; Charlotte, North Carolina. 

6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your spouse (if married) and the names and ages of your children (including stepchildren and children 

by a previous marriage). 

I am divorced. My daughter’s name is Caroline Lytton Dye, age 21. 

7. List all college and graduate degrees. Provide year and school attended. 

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bachelor of Arts awarded May, 

1974. 

University of North Carolina School of Law, Juris Doctorate awarded May, 

1977. 

47 

8. List all post-undergraduate employment, and highlight all management-level 

jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to the position for which you are 

nominated. 

December 2002 to Present, Commissioner, Federal Maritime Commission. 

January 1995–December 2002, Counsel, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, U.S. House of Representatives. 

February 1987–January 1995, Minority Counsel, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, U.S. House of Representatives. 

June 1985–February 1987, Attorney, Legislation Division, Office of the Chief 

Counsel, Maritime Administration of the Department of Transportation. 

August 1983–June 1985, Law Instructor, U.S. Coast Guard Academy. 

June–August 1983, Attorney, Office of the Assistant General Counsel for Legislation, Department of Transportation. 

1980–1983, Attorney, Legislation Division, Office of the Chief Counsel, United 

States Coast Guard Headquarters. 

1979–1980, Assistant Division Chief, Legal Administration Division, Office of 

the Chief Counsel, United States Coast Guard Headquarters. 

1978–1979, Attorney Project Coordinator, Legal Services of North Carolina. 

1977–1978, Special Counsel, Broughton Psychiatric Hospital. 

1977, Instructor, Dyslexia School. 

1976–1977 (Part-time) Sales Clerk, Belk-Leggett Co. 

1975–1976 (Part-time) UNC Law School Library. 

1975 (Part-time) Instructor, Reading Research Foundation. 

9. Attach a copy of your resume. A copy is attached. 

10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other than those listed above, within the last 5 years: None. 

11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee, partner, proprietor, 

agent, representative, or consultant of any corporation, company, firm, partnership, 

or other business, enterprise, educational, or other institution within the last 5 

years: None. 

12. Please list each membership you have had during the past 10 years or currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational, political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religious organization, private club, or other membership organization. Include dates of membership and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note whether any such club or organization restricts membership 

on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or handicap. 

North Carolina State Bar, 1977 to present. 

Saint Francis Episcopal Church, 1998–2005. 

All Saints Episcopal Church, 2005–2010. 

The Falls Church, 2010 to present. 

White House Military Social Aides Association, 1983 to present. 

Palisades Swim and Tennis Club, 2002–2006. 

Montgomery County Republican Party Association 2004–2007. 

Propeller Club of Washington 2005 to present. 

(WISTA) Women in Surface Transportation Association, USA, 2008 to present. 

WISTA is a women’s professional organization. 

13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office (elected, nonelected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any campaign has any outstanding 

debt, the amount, and whether you are personally liable for that debt: No. 

14. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign organization, 

political party, political action committee, or similar entity of $500 or more for the 

past 10 years. Also list all offices you have held with, and services rendered to, a 

state or national political party or election committee during the same period. 

$500—Steele for Maryland 

$500—Republican National Committee 

$500—Friends of George Allen 

$2,000, $2,000—Bush-Cheney 2004 

$2,000—Bush-Cheney 2004 Compliance Committee 

48 

15. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition for outstanding service or 

achievements. 

Coast Guard Commendation Medal. 

Coast Guard Achievement Medal. 

Coast Guard Meritorious Public Service Award. 

16. Please list each book, article, column, or publication you have authored, individually or with others. Also list any speeches that you have given on topics relevant to the position for which you have been nominated. Do not attach copies of 

these publications unless otherwise instructed. 

‘‘Slick Work: An Analysis of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990’’; Published in 1992 by 

the Journal of Energy, Natural Resources and Environmental Law; Coauthored with 

Cynthia M. Wilkinson and Lisa Pittman. 

In the past, I have been asked infrequently to give remarks concerning current 

issues related to my employment. I speak often from brief notes for the appearances, 

and do not keep copies of my notes or dates of appearances. Following are the 

speeches for which I have retained prepared remarks: September 2007, Comments 

before the National Custom Brokers and Forwarders Association of America; April 

2008, Comments before the National Industrial Transportation League; April 2009, 

Remarks at the Global Liner Shipping Conference; April 2009, Comments before the 

National Custom Brokers and Forwarders Association of America; October 2009, 

Comments before the National Association of Waterfront Employers; April 2010, 

Comments before the National Custom Brokers and Forwarders Association of 

America; October 2010, Comments before the 2010 Midwest Specialty Grains Conference and Trade Show. 

17. Please identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in writing 

before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity and specify the 

date and subject matter of each testimony. 

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate, Nomination 

Hearing, July 31, 2002; Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, U.S. House of Representatives, five appearances: April 15, 2008, Fiscal Year 2009 Federal Maritime Commission Budget Request; June 19, 2008, Management of the Federal Maritime Commission; May 13, 2009, Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Maritime Commission Budget Request; March 17, 2010, Capacity of Vessels to Meet U.S. Import and Export Requirements; and June 30, 2010, Update on Federal Maritime Commission’s Examination 

of Vessel Capacity. 

18. Given the current mission, major programs, and major operational objectives 

of the department/agency to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish 

to serve in that position? 

I believe my 30 years of experience in matters concerning maritime law and policy, including my experience as a Federal Maritime Commissioner, qualify me for 

this position. If confirmed, I believe that my experience and other qualifications will 

allow me to discharge successfully the responsibilities of the position for which I was 

nominated. I believe it is an honor to serve the people of the United States in the 

position for which I have been nominated. 

19. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to ensure that the 

department/agency has proper management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in managing a large organization? 

If confirmed, I will continue to cooperate with the Chairman of the Federal Maritime Commission in ensuring that the Commission has proper management and accounting controls. In the absence of a Federal Maritime Commission Chairman from 

November 2006 to June 2009, I performed the management duties of Chairman for 

the agency in cooperation with my fellow commissioners. 

20.What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the department/agency, and why? 

As a small agency, the Federal Maritime Commission is challenged to enforce the 

law strategically, in order to use limited resources wisely. As an independent Commission, the Federal Maritime Commission is challenged to enforce the law independently after considering all relevant view points and exercising sound judgment, 

based on the law and other mandates of the Commission. Finally, the Commission 

is challenged today to enforce the law and other requirements of the agency in a 

way that promotes the homeland and economic security of the United States. 

49 

B. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation agreements, and 

other continuing dealings with business associates, clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement accounts: None. 

2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal, to maintain 

employment, affiliation, or practice with any business, association or other organization during your appointment? If so, please explain: No. 

3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other relationships which 

could involve potential conflicts of interest in the position to which you have been 

nominated: None. 

4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial transaction which you 

have had during the last 10 years, whether for yourself, on behalf of a client, or 

acting as an agent, that could in any way constitute or result in a possible conflict 

of interest in the position to which you have been nominated: None. 

5. Describe any activity during the past 10 years in which you have been engaged 

for the purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and execution of law or public 

policy. 

In my position as Counsel for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, I was employed to develop legislation to carry out the legislative agenda of the 

Members of Congress for whom I worked. 

6. Explain how you will resolve any potential conflict of interest, including any 

that may be disclosed by your responses to the above items. 

I am unaware of any potential conflicts of interest at this time. If any potential 

conflicts arise at any time I will recuse myself from consideration of the matters involved. 

C. LEGAL MATTERS

1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics by, or been the 

subject of a complaint to any court, administrative agency, professional association, 

disciplinary committee, or other professional group? If so, please explain: No. 

2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by any Federal, 

State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal, State, county, or municipal entity, other than for a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

3. Have you or any business of which you are or were an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency proceeding or civil litigation? If so, 

please explain. 

I was the Plaintiff in a civil divorce proceeding, for which a Final Divorce Decree 

was issued on August 27, 2008. 

4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo contendere) of 

any criminal violation other than a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain: No. 

5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual harassment or 

discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please 

explain: No. 

6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information, favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in connection with your nomination: 

None. 

D. RELATIONSHIP WITH COMMITTEE

1. Will you ensure that your department/agency complies with deadlines for information set by Congressional committees? Yes. 

2. Will you ensure that your department/agency does whatever it can to protect 

Congressional witnesses and whistle blowers from reprisal for their testimony and 

disclosures? Yes. 

3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with firsthand knowledge of matters 

of interest to the Committee? Yes. 

4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly constituted committee of 

the Congress on such occasions as you may be reasonably requested to do so? Yes. 

50 

RESUME OF REBECCA F. DYE

Professional Background 

Federal Maritime Commission, Washington, D.C.—December 2002 to present. 

Commissioner 

Enforce laws related to international liner ocean shipping, ocean carriers, ocean 

transportation intermediaries, passenger vessel operators, ports, and marine terminal operators, including the Shipping Act of 1984, the Foreign Shipping Practices 

Act of 1988, section 19 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1920, and Public Law No. 89– 

777. Instrumental in Commission decisions to increase competition in international 

maritime transportation. Authored the dissent that formed the basis of the U.S. 

Court of Appeals decision in Landstar Express America v. Federal Maritime Commission. Participated in negotiations that led to the bilateral Maritime Agreement 

between the Peoples Republic of China and the United States. Fostered and developed regulatory exemptions to allow nonvessel-operating common carriers to offer 

service to customers under NVOCC Service Arrangements, and to exempt NVOCCs 

from the requirement to publish tariff rates. Leading Commission investigation of 

vessel capacity and equipment availability in the U.S. export and import liner 

trades. 

Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, U.S. House of Representatives— 

Washington, D.C.—January 1995 to December 2002 

Counsel 

Provided legal and political advice to Members of Congress on matters under the 

jurisdiction of the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, including oil pollution, the Federal budget process and Federal financing, international ocean shipping, international maritime agreements, maritime safety and law enforcement, and 

all other matters related to maritime transportation. Developed bills and legislative 

amendments, briefing memoranda and materials, policy statements, and legislative 

histories. Coordinated action on legislative matters with the Senate, Executive 

Branch agencies, State offices, and industry, labor, public interest, and constituent 

groups. Supervised staff of Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Subcommittee. 

Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, U.S. House of Representatives— 

Washington, D.C.—February 1987 to January 1995 

Minority Counsel 

Provided legal and political advice to Members of Congress on matters under the 

jurisdiction of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, including marine environmental pollution, the Federal budget process and Federal financing, international maritime agreements, and maritime safety and law enforcement. Developed bills and legislative amendments, briefing memoranda and materials, policy 

statements, and legislative histories. 

Legislation Division, Office of the Chief Counsel—Maritime Administration of the 

Department of Transportation—Washington, D.C.—June 1985 to February 1987 

Attorney 

Researched, drafted, and coordinated clearance of Maritime Administration legislative proposals for submission to Congress. Monitored and developed Maritime Administration policy positions on bills, executive orders, legislative reports, and Congressional testimony. Responsible for legislation in all areas of interest to the merchant marine industry, including Federal ship financing, cargo preference requirements, ship subsidy reform, and Federal budgetary and tax reform issues. 

United States Coast Guard Academy—New London, Connecticut—August 1983 to 

June 1985 

Law Instructor 

Instructed Coast Guard cadets on a variety of legal topics, including the legislative process, criminal law and procedure, tort liability of the United States, and selected administrative and international law topics. 

51 

Office of the Assistant General Counsel for Legislation—Department of 

Transportation—Washington, D.C.—June–August 1983 

Attorney 

Researched, drafted, and coordinated clearance of Department of Transportation 

legislative proposals for submission to Congress. Monitored and developed Departmental policy positions on bills, executive orders, legislative reports, and Congressional testimony. Areas of responsibility included Surface Transportation Deregulation, Regulatory Reform, and Passenger Rail Transportation. 

Legislation Division, Office of the Chief Counsel—United States Coast Guard 

Headquarters—Washington, D.C.—1980–1983 

Attorney 

Researched, drafted, and coordinated clearance of Coast Guard legislative proposals for submission to Congress. Monitored and developed Coast Guard policy positions on bills, executive orders, legislative reports, and Congressional testimony. 

Areas of responsibility included user fees for Coast Guard services, deep draft port 

and inland waterways user fees, Armed Forces pay and personnel matters, and military justice. 

Legal Administration Division, Office of the Chief Counsel—United States Coast 

Guard Headquarters—Washington, D.C.—1979–1980 

Assistant Division Chief 

Commissioned as a Lieutenant in the United States Coast Guard Reserve in July 

1979. Responsibilities included budgetary and personnel planning. Acted as trial 

and defense counsel in general and special courts martial. 

Legal Services of North Carolina, Attorney Project Coordinator—1978–1979 

Broughton Psychiatric Hospital, Morganton, NC, Special Counsel—1977–1978 

Educational Background 

University of North Carolina School of Law, Juris Doctorate Degree, 1977 

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bachelor of Arts Degree, 1974 

Other Experience 

1977—Admitted to North Carolina State Bar 

1980–1983—White House Military Aide 

Authored ‘‘Slick Work: An Analysis of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990,’’ 12 Journal 

of Energy, Natural Resources. and Environmental Law 183 (1992) (with Cynthia 

Wilkinson and Lisa Pittman). 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Ms. Dye. 

I have lots of questions, and I guess I better start with you, although some of my hardest ones are to the both of you. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. It’s very interesting to me—I’m not a scientist. 

I regret that and I apologize for that. But, it is very interesting to 

me that—partly because of the whole issue of climate change, but 

also just the sort of forward push of scientists, such as yourself, 

who have been laboring for years and years and years—that the 

whole subject of oceans, the subject of weather, the subject of acidification, all of these things, which used to be very, very obscure, 

the concept that pressures at the bottom of the ocean might be able 

to do some of the things which can only happen now 250 miles in 

the sky, with NASA, or higher. In other words, the mystery of 

oceans, which obviously got to you and had an influence. But, it got 

to you. You stayed with it. You’ve stuck with it. So, it raises two 

questions in my mind: Is that sort of the climate-change-driven 

problem? Is that because we are endlessly curious? I don’t think it’s 

because of DVDs, because DVDs tend to just take tons of pictures 

of beautiful fish, and don’t get into the policy questions that are involved with oceans, which interests me very, very much. 

52 

West Virginia is not actually contiguous to any large ocean, that 

I’m aware of, but I am endlessly curious about oceans and about 

estuaries and about all kinds of things that we work on in this 

committee. Could you talk to me a little bit about, Why do you 

think it is that oceans have become so important? Some of the answers will be obvious. Second, we spend a lot of time, in Congress, 

worried about science, technology, engineering, and math—STEM. 

We’re having a very hard time convincing people to get into the 

sciences. 

Now, you, because of your own brains and because of this, I 

guess, your aunt, right? 

Dr. DONEY. Yes. 

The CHAIRMAN. That had to be a big influence on you. You got 

into it. You stayed with it. Are there lots of you? 

Dr. DONEY. So, let me take that one on. We’ve been working—— 

The CHAIRMAN. You just run with that. 

[Laughter.] 

Dr. DONEY. We’ve been working a lot with students and educators in Hawaii, through a program. We have a National Science 

Foundation grant, where we work with the University of Hawaii, 

MIT, Woods Hole. And we’ve actually been trying to engage students at a whole variety of levels. And I think—part of the answer 

is, I think there are lots of kids who can become engaged in science 

and the STEM education that you’re talking about, but often 

science is presented as relatively dry, as a bunch of independent 

facts. And what we’ve been trying to do is, do a lot of hands-on 

projects. 

The CHAIRMAN. It’s not dry. 

[Laughter.] 

Dr. DONEY. It’s not dry. Well, there’s the ocean part, as well. But, 

it’s getting the kids involved—— 

The CHAIRMAN. No, I don’t mean that. I wasn’t being humorous. 

Dr. DONEY. Yes. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. I mean, to me, it’s a subject which just opens up 

like a flower in the spring. 

Dr. DONEY. Right. But, it’s getting—it’s making the connection 

between the kids’ experience and showing that science is actually 

relevant to their life. And it’s relatively straightforward in Hawaii 

to do that, because the ocean is—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Right. 

Dr. DONEY.—obviously, all around them. But, we’ve been trying 

to take the lessons of, you know, hands-on experiments. Some of 

the people who work for me, actually were just here a couple of 

weeks ago, on the Mall, for the—there was a Science and Technology Day. And they brought in kits that get kids to actually do 

stuff, not just listen to adults lecturing, but actually get them in 

doing the exploration. And that’s, I think, one of the best ways to 

engage kids and show them what science is about. 

The CHAIRMAN. All right. So, when you read about the United 

States being 14th or 19th in its production of scientists, where it 

used to be 1st or 2nd for years and years, you feel that there’s a 

resurgence? And, if there is so, that can’t just be based upon workVerDate Nov 24 2008 12:20 Oct 13, 2011 Jkt 070644 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6601 S:\GPO\DOCS\70644.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE
53 

shops that you hold; it has to be based on something generic in the 

DNA. Now, curiosity and, you know, intellectual drive or—— 

Dr. DONEY. I think—— 

The CHAIRMAN.—the mystery—— 

Dr. DONEY. I think the—— 

The CHAIRMAN.—of oceans, of weather, of all kinds of things, can 

attract, but that it would be hard to hold people on that. So, talk 

to me about that. 

Dr. DONEY. I think there are a lot of opportunities. I think kids 

are naturally curious and—this isn’t my specialty, but from what 

I’ve seen is, kids—all kids start off interested in science. And it’s, 

How do we maintain that? And I think that’s by trying to bring in, 

as you say, the curiosity, the exploration of the Earth, that there 

are lots of things we don’t know about the ocean. And ocean and 

weather are, I think, great ways of engaging students, because 

weather is everywhere; everyone experiences weather. And so, by 

trying to teach science curriculum by things that people can understand and relate to—you know, Why does a storm appear? Why do 

hurricanes appear? You know, why does a hurricane go one way 

and not the other?—can get them thinking about why understanding science could actually be relevant to their life. 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. All right, I’ll settle for that for the moment. 

Dr. DONEY. OK. 

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Cordero and Ms. Dye, one of the issues 

which I have focused on, the result being absolute futility for 26 

years, is the whole problem of captive shippers, which you face. 

For example, at the Port of Baltimore—and you would know 

about this—and, I think, at CSX and Norfolk Southern, both have 

rail traffic, but they will not share rails. They will not share business. They insist on having their own. Now, if they have their own, 

and it’s just one track, they can set the price. If they have several 

tracks—i.e., if they were competing with each other and were, 

therefore, sharing the opportunity to try and get the business in a 

very huge port—then the market would determine what the price 

would be that those who they serve would have to pay them. But, 

they, as in railroads generally, don’t choose to do that. They want 

to minimize competition and maximize the profit that they get from 

being able to set the prices themselves, as opposed to going, in the 

cases of railroads generally, to the Surface Transportation Board— 

they don’t like that—even though that is the law. 

So, could you talk a little bit about that? Because that combines 

both of you to—actually, with the idea that—is it next year that 

the Panama Canal enlarged, doubled in size, is opening up? For the 

year 2014? 2014? 

Ms. DYE. 2014. Yes, sir. 

The CHAIRMAN. When that happens, that’s going to be an explosion of activity, of traffic, because that’s a long time bane of very 

virtuous thought, under Teddy Roosevelt and even previous to that. 

It wasn’t big enough to let things go through. Now it will be. 

So, what’s going to happen, for example, at the Port of—I’ll just 

use Baltimore—you can use Long Beach, you can use anything you 

want. Do we have the infrastructure in our ports to be able to handle what’s going to descend on them? I think the answer is probably no. The other side is that I may be entirely wrong. In any 

54 

event, I’d like to hear you talk about that, where you think our 

weaknesses are in capacity, because I think it’s an American characteristic not to pay attention to infrastructure. 

I mean, that’s why the stimulus bill was roundly criticized because it did a lot of work on infrastructure. And that’s roads and 

bridges. I mean, that would seem to be fairly basic. But, ports become incredibly basic for the national economy and number of people they employ. So, could you talk about that? And you don’t have 

to wax too enthusiastic one way or another on the Panama Canal, 

but I’m really interested in the new traffic. Are we ready to accept 

that traffic in our ports, generally? 

And, second, if you can work it in, this question of railroads competing with each other so that the price of their service would decline. They would still make a very healthy profit, believe me, I 

know. But, it just interests me. 

So, with that sort of big, fat softball, I’d welcome either of your 

comments—— 

Mr. CORDERO. Well—— 

The CHAIRMAN.—both of your comments. 

Mr. CORDERO. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, that’s an excellent 

question. 

I think this all falls under the category of intermodal transportation. Whether you’re from the East Coast or the West Coast, the 

question of infrastructure is paramount for the whole Nation. 

There are some ports who may not be prepared, and there are 

some ports who may be prepared, but, of course, need the funding 

to move forward with what’s very important: infrastructure. Because, at the end of the day, it’s the movement of those goods in 

an efficient and an expeditious manner that’s going to determine 

the competitiveness of our Nation and our ports. 

The CHAIRMAN. If you took the ten largest ports in this country—— 

Mr. CORDERO. Pardon me? 

The CHAIRMAN. If you take the ten largest ports, in capacity, 

wouldn’t they take in approximately 75 to 85 percent of all of 

the—— 

Mr. CORDERO. Well—— 

The CHAIRMAN.—all of what is shipped? 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, it—certainly from the West Coast, Mr. 

Chairman—the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles take 70 percent of the containers that come in from the Asian Transpacific 

traffic. So, that’s—the question of railroads is a paramount question. And I think, in answering that question or addressing those 

issues, it would seem to me that working with the various parties 

of interest, such as the Surface Transportation Board and the wishes of Congress, I think—the bottom line is—I think you’re very correct—that, no matter you’re on the East Coast or the West Coast, 

infrastructure is paramount. And I think, even though I would like 

to say that the Port of Long Beach and Los Angeles are—comparatively speaking, have been blessed, in terms of history, with the 

kind of railroad infrastructure that has made it successful, in years 

to come, that railroad infrastructure has to be amended and improved. And I’m sure, in the case of southern California, BNSF and 

55 

Union Pacific, these have been exactly the discussions that we have 

had with our shareholders. 

The CHAIRMAN. You have the same captive-shipper conflict? 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, you know, I think, in answer to the question, 

Mr. Chairman, from the West Coast, there are no conflicts. But, I 

just say that facetiously, so to speak. But, I think, in terms of the 

broader issue, Mr. Chairman, we do have an issue with regard to 

that aspect of the railroad infrastructure. And I think we’ve worked 

very hard to have the kind of dialogue and communication with 

railroads, not so much to address any present capacity issues, but, 

as the Chairman correctly referenced, future capacity issues, because if we don’t dialogue and try to repair and amend those questions, I believe, and I think we believe, that it is going to have an 

impact on our ability to move, efficiently, those goods. 

The CHAIRMAN. I was just thinking, Senator Hutchison and I 

were talking about the new Panama Canal, doubled in size, opening up by 2014, and what that’s going to mean for ports. Are ports 

ready to handle what’s going to be a much larger volume? And then 

we also talked about, what is a problem at the Port of Baltimore, 

about railroads, the Norfolk Southern and the CSX system, refusing to share a rail, refusing to compete with each other, and therefore keeping the prices that they charge at a very high rate, and 

getting away with it. Now, Mr. Cordero has made an amazing 

statement, which should appear all over the Los Angeles Times tomorrow, ‘‘In the West, we really don’t have problems.’’ 

[Laughter.] 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, that certainly wasn’t my intent, Mr. Chairman. 

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Hutchison has a little port called Houston. Maybe they’ll have a different view. 

Mr. CORDERO. But, I will say, like I said, on a serious note, there 

are competitive issues on the West Coast. But, again, I think it’s 

clear, like I mentioned in my statement, we’re the largest port complex. And I think we’ve done a lot of things that other port authorities are working with us to—— 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. So, what are some of the deficiencies in the 

ports’ infrastructures? 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, number one, I think the deficiencies, in 

terms of the port infrastructures, particularly the urban ports, is 

the ability to mobilize that container from the ship to the inland. 

And I think, with that, that’s where railroad infrastructure is so 

important. And I think, in that regard, projects like the Alameda 

Corridor, that we did in southern California, that concluded in 

2001–2002, and the building of that corridor, assisted us in addressing one of those deficiencies. And I think, from a Port Authority perspective, on-dock rail is something that—I think it’s crucial 

and paramount for port authorities to mobilize that container in a 

time-of-an-essence-type manner. 

The CHAIRMAN. On-dock rail means that the rail goes right out 

on the dock—— 

Mr. CORDERO. Absolutely. Right from the ship on the terminal on 

the dock—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. 

Mr. CORDERO.—and out. 

56 

The CHAIRMAN. But, that’s not always the case now. 

Mr. CORDERO. That is not always the case. 

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. 

Mr. CORDERO. And, in fact, in Long Beach, one of our major terminal projects, at this time, that we refer to as the Middle Harbor 

Project, is, in fact, primarily—or a major factor addressing that 

issue: on-dock rail. 

The CHAIRMAN. OK. 

I’ve exceeded my time to the extent they actually turned off the 

time measurement; I was so outrageous. 

So, I now yield to Senator Hutchison. 

Senator HUTCHISON. I’d like to ask Dr. Doney a question. I introduced legislation, years ago, just for NOAA. It has been battered 

around, actually. It went into the White House Office of Science 

and then back to NOAA. We haven’t passed the bill yet, but it is 

to start studying weather modification. And it just seems, with the 

ferocity of hurricanes and tornados, and most certainly with the 

things that are done in one area, we don’t even really have good 

records about how it affects another area. For instance, cloud seeding in Midwest, and how does it affect Colorado, or how does it affect another area downstream? And, my question to you is: Do you 

think that it would be worth getting more data collected, when 

there are weather modification programs in different areas, to see 

how it affects that area and then also other areas? 

And, second, the possibility of studying modifying a hurricane 

when it is 20 miles out, rather than having it hit and have such 

a devastating impact on people and property. Do you think there’s 

a future there that we could work on? 

Dr. DONEY. I—— 

Senator HUTCHISON. Dr. Doney? 

Dr. DONEY.—I haven’t worked a lot in that particular area. I do 

know that there has been a lot of interest, particularly, as you 

mention, on the ocean side, of trying to change the temperature of 

the ocean, which might affect either the course or the intensity of 

the hurricane. I think one of the places that may be a place of 

intersection is trying to do—my background in the ocean is trying 

to actually do experiments where we manipulate the environment 

to see what the outcome is. You know, before you wanted to weather modification, you really need to understand how things are actually working. And so, some form of manipulative experiments, certainly that we do in the ocean, have been discussed as ways of understanding the processes that then would allow you to decide, 

‘‘Well, is this a good idea?’’ 

I think there are concerns, as you mentioned, both in the U.S. 

and abroad, about, you know, if somebody changes the weather 

here, what’s the effect going to be downstream? And are you, you 

know, taking rainfall from one spot and therefore taking moisture 

that wouldn’t fall someplace else? So, I think there are a lot of 

issues beyond the science. 

But, you know, certainly trying to explore the mechanisms are— 

the underlying mechanisms are very important. 

Senator HUTCHISON. Do you think it would be worthwhile for 

NOAA to do the beginning planning and what would be the first 

step? Because I think you’re absolutely right, you don’t want to do 

57 

any weather modification; you want to study what the effects might 

be before you would actually do something. But—— 

Dr. DONEY. I think one of the—— 

Senator HUTCHISON.—would there be a planning possibility for 

the first step that you might take? 

Dr. DONEY. I think one of the things I would want to do, if I were 

confirmed, is really sit down both with the research arm of 

NOAA—OAR—and also the National Weather Service, and talk 

about what their priorities are, what their plans are. And I would 

really need to get a better sense for their future directions of research to, sort of, be able to answer that. But, that’s certainly 

something that I could follow up on with you later. 

Senator HUTCHISON. I would appreciate that. 

Just to start looking at what the options are, maybe talk to other 

scientists that might have looked at this, as well. 

Dr. DONEY. Right. 

Senator HUTCHISON. It just seems like, with all that’s happening, 

we ought to be proactive in studying it and keeping data, at a very 

minimum. And then, from that, perhaps seeing if there is a course 

that should be taken, because you don’t, I agree, want to do something until you know what the effect would be at the end. But, I 

think it’s worth looking at. And I just would like to know that 

you’re interested, as well, in doing that. 

Dr. DONEY. No, certainly it’s something we could follow up on. 

Senator HUTCHISON. Thank you. 

I think you covered the maritime issues very well, so I’m not 

going to have other questions there. 

Thank you. 

The CHAIRMAN. Do I get one more? 

Senator HUTCHISON. Mr. Chairman, you have my permission. 

The CHAIRMAN. We do this all the time. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. The—— 

Senator HUTCHISON. He always wins. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. This is actually to both institutions—the Maritime Commission can know what deficiencies exist in ports and 

how they need to be included, or whatever other infrastructure is 

needed along the way. But, you probably have a hard time advocating for that. And what I’m interested in—and, Ms. Dye, you’ve 

been on it—do you advocate? I mean, do you only do it when you’re 

called before a committee, or something? Or do you, on your own, 

make a fuss? You’re putting out a report, coming out today, and 

that’s going to have a lot of information in it. Will that be kind of 

an advocacy document? 

Ms. DYE. What—that’s an interesting question. I came from the 

Hill staff—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Right. 

Ms. DYE.—of course, and have been coming to an independent 

agency, such as the Federal Maritime Commission—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Right. 

Ms. DYE.—where we take our role, as being an independent objective voice, very seriously, to faithfully execute the law. As far 

58 

as—I wouldn’t say so much ‘‘advocacy,’’ but I can say that what I’ve 

done—we’ve tried to do in this investigation is a little bit outside 

the box, as far as the collaborating, using moral-suasion to draw 

people together, to help them solve their own problems and get 

something done. 

The CHAIRMAN. The reason I mention that is, I think we’re going 

to go through a period—and I’m sure that Senator Hutchison would 

agree with this—where we’re going to be financially restricted, to 

the extent that we have not been accustomed to the level of restriction. The money isn’t going to be there. It’s not going to be there 

for healthcare, for science, for ports, for what you all do. I mean, 

it’ll be there, but not to the extent that you’re racing ahead to try 

and make improvements. I wanted to get back to that Green Ports 

issue. That’s the reason I mention advocacy. I’m a little wandering 

here, afield, myself, because it may be that you’re not meant to advocate; you’re meant to report or keep knowledge, make it available 

for those who want it. 

But, I think we’re coming into a period—and I’d say it will last 

probably about 10 years—where money is going to be very hard to 

get a hold of. You, by definition, want to make things better. You’re 

not on the Maritime Commission just to watch the day go by. You 

want the enlarged Panama Canal to be increasing the flow of traffic and creating a much closer world economy. You want us to be 

able to be effective with it. You’re going to need money. And I actually don’t know whether you can advocate for that. 

Does your Commission sort of take a hands-off view and leave it 

up to others? Or could you advocate, if you wanted? 

Ms. DYE. We are a small $25-million agency. And, with that, we 

have, I believe—from my time there, I’ve observed that we’ve been 

very frugal. And we’ve had to be. And I have great faith in my 

Chairman, who has the authority over our pocketbook, to continue 

to be judicious with our limited resources, to use them to prioritize 

and use them to get something done in the most strategic way we 

can. 

The CHAIRMAN. I think it’s going to be important; $25 million or 

$25 billion, either way it’s going to be important. 

Ms. DYE. Yes, sir. 

The CHAIRMAN. I think infrastructure is woefully underestimated, in terms of the urgency of its need in this country, on all 

fronts. And Americans are somehow—except if they go through a 

one-lane bridge, then they get very mad and they write their Congressman or -woman or Senator—but, for the most part, they just 

don’t seem to pay a lot of attention to infrastructure until they hit 

a really bad pothole or something of that sort. You understand 

what I’m saying. We’ve got to get beyond that. That’s all I’m saying. We’ve got to get beyond that. That’s going to take resources. 

There’s going to be a lot of competition for those resources. And I 

think your voice—I’m just saying this, hopefully, helpfully—your 

voice will be important on the Commission. Let us know. 

Ms. DYE. Thank you. 

The CHAIRMAN. Question to you, Dr. Doney. Jane Lubchenco is 

absolutely marvelous. And I take it you are, too. 

Dr. DONEY. Well, thank you, sir. 

59 

The CHAIRMAN. I think your son and wife would agree with that, 

and I would, too. So, you have all of this knowledge and desire and 

ambition. You’re coming into something for the first time. There 

hasn’t been somebody in your position since 1996. I might question 

that, but I won’t, for the moment. Which means that, you know, 

Jane and the President—Jane Lubchenco and the President and 

others—are very serious about this. I agree with them; I think it’s 

just excellent that you’re going into that position. She’s a wonderful 

person to work with. She has very high respect from the Congress, 

in a world which is kind of opening up to all of us, and I think a 

lot of it is coming from climate change. You talk about manipulating, or Senator Hutchison was talking about manipulating, hurricanes. Well, in West Virginia, we don’t talk much about that, but, 

that’s a very dramatic, interesting idea. 

So, my question to you is: Often with those in the world of 

science—I could put it this way: NOAA is an extraordinary agency. 

What percentage of Americans actually know what NOAA does? I 

wouldn’t want to know the answer to that question. The Maritime 

Commission, the same. NIST, an amazing agency. And I remember 

going out there, some 25 years ago, and they said, ‘‘We haven’t 

seen a Senator out here for 10 years.’’ That was sort of depressing. 

Lack of interest in something which, at that time, was less forceful 

than it is now. 

But, you come into this job, now, wanting to accomplish things. 

And so, two parts to this. One is, ‘‘How do you view this era that 

we’re now in?’’ which is unpleasant, certainly politically, and, in the 

discourse, the dialogue as people run for office and say the most 

horrible things about each other. You can’t even talk about what 

you’ve done, because nobody’s interested in what you’ve done. They 

just want to know if you have a really horrible ad about the person 

you’re running against. Well, this is not a good place for America 

to be. So, you would say, ‘‘Well, science, truth, you know, objectivity 

can, in part, help get us out of that.’’ 

So, my question to you is, Does the scientific community, at a 

very high level—I’m thinking of the John Holdrens and Janes, and 

now yourself, and others, do they have difficulty when they go into 

the bureaucracy, taking their ideas and making them a part of a 

plan? 

Now, it’s my impression that the President listens to Jane 

Lubchenco very carefully. We certainly do, up here. But, there has 

been nobody there since 1996. One, I’d like to know why; then I’d 

like to know, did Jane approach you? Or did the President, himself, 

or one of his people, approach you? Did you know Jane? 

Dr. DONEY. I’ve known Dr. Lubchenco for—— 

The CHAIRMAN. ‘‘Dr. Lubchenco,’’ I should say, yes. 

Dr. DONEY.—sorry—Dr. Lubchenco for a—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. 

Dr. DONEY.—number of years, and she actually approached me. 

The CHAIRMAN. Good. 

Dr. DONEY. I can’t answer some of the questions about the past, 

because I wasn’t there. I can say that, when I’ve talked to Dr. 

Lubchenco and others in NOAA, there’s a—one of the reasons for 

filling this position is the clear need for strong guidance on the 

science side, that—you know, although Dr. Lubchenco is an excelVerDate Nov 24 2008 12:20 Oct 13, 2011 Jkt 070644 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6601 S:\GPO\DOCS\70644.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE
60 

lent scientist, she’s involved in so many things that the science enterprise itself hasn’t had a lot of leadership inside of NOAA. And 

so, the idea would be to bring someone in to really guide, not only 

the research that NOAA does, but how science gets used in NOAA’s 

service products, things like the Weather Service, and also in the 

stewardship activities on our coastal ecosystems and our oceans. 

So, I think that’s—the role that I would fill is to really try to 

bring research to a high level within the agency, maintain the 

quality of it, and make sure that the best science is being used 

within the agency. 

The CHAIRMAN. That’s really good. That’s really good. 

Can I get a word from you about the green effort at Long Beach? 

Mr. CORDERO. Yes, thank you, Mr. Chairman. With that open 

question—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Yes, it’s an open question. 

Mr. CORDERO.—I will answer, then. Mr. Chairman, I think the 

preceding question you had about advocacy was rather interesting, 

because, in effect, that was a result of a Green Port policy. And this 

whole question about advocacy, I guess, from my perspective, certainly when you sit on a policymaking body, at the very least, you 

have to listen to those who advocate—and whether it’s community 

advocates or whether it’s within the industry. And, in answer to 

your question, that was a result of those who advocated about certain issues that needed to be addressed in the Long Beach/Los Angeles area. 

So, to put it very simply and succinctly, the Green Port policy 

came about because of the fact that, if we did not do anything, that 

port would not grow. And that—no matter how one feels about environmental initiatives, what we did at Long Beach was a matter 

of necessity and it was a matter of listening to advocates. And, once 

we listened and, as the Chairman referenced, applied that wisdom 

and that balance, we promulgated a policy. And the result of that 

is the Green Port policy, which basically, in essence, took a new 

look at port operations. And that new look was based on new technology, what we now refer to as ‘‘green technology,’’ or—I think, as 

a Nation, we’re all aware of this verse, ‘‘green technology.’’ 

And, I think, often in my public speaking, I refer to the Industrial Revolution. And many of us in our high school years and college years, we remember that the Industrial Revolution came forth 

before this country, and it changed this country tremendously, and 

we became a competitive economic power. I would suggest that, in 

recent years, we’re going through the second revolution—Industrial 

Revolution. And that second Industrial Revolution involves green 

technology, involves sustainable systems. And what the Green Port 

policy, in essence, is about, it’s about a system which is sustainable, which promulgates efficiency in an environmentally friendly 

way. And I guess that’s the general and long-winded answer to 

your question, but I’m more than happy to be more specific with 

regard to any further questions. 

The CHAIRMAN. No, it’s very helpful. Weren’t you also, at one 

point, Chairman of the West Coast Ports—— 

Mr. CORDERO. I am presently—— 

The CHAIRMAN.—Association? 

Mr. CORDERO. That’s—— 

61 

The CHAIRMAN. Oh, you are. 

Mr. CORDERO.—that’s correct. My present position with the Association of Pacific Ports is its President. 

The CHAIRMAN. That’s kind of an opportunity, isn’t it? 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, it’s a challenging opportunity, but, of course, 

I welcome the challenge, as I welcome this challenge, if confirmed 

by the Senate. And I—— 

The CHAIRMAN. It’s so interesting, you all are very diligent about 

that, ‘‘if confirmed.’’ 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. It’s called ‘‘wise humility.’’ 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. And I think, in your case, it is entirely unnecessary. 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, thank you. 

The CHAIRMAN. But, I mean, you are schooled to say that, and 

I understand that. I hate to hear you saying it: ‘‘if confirmed.’’ 

I interrupted you. 

Mr. CORDERO. Well, at the risk of not abiding by that protocol, 

I will stand by the statement, ‘‘if confirmed.’’ 

[Laughter.] 

Mr. CORDERO. But, I think, last, I will say about that experience 

with the American Pacific Association, it gives you an opportunity 

not to focus just on Long Beach; it’s an opportunity to focus on 

other port issues through the West Coast: the small ports; the larger ports; the agricultural ports—that is, ports who focus more on 

agriculture and perishable goods; the Northwest, who are very concerned about lumber issues and exports; and, of course, the southern California ports. So, I think that opportunity has really given 

me a new perspective with regard to all issues that ports face 

around our Nation. 

The CHAIRMAN. Good. 

Any of you have any particular thoughts you want to say? You 

don’t have to. 

Ms. DYE. Oh. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. No, but I’d be pleased 

to answer any other questions. Thank you. 

The CHAIRMAN. No, I was just going to give you a chance to say 

anything more that you wanted to say. 

Ms. DYE. Oh. I’d be delighted to brief the members of the Committee, your staff, on the investigation we just wrapped up. We 

have our own set of captive-shipper issues with agricultural shippers, in remote parts of the country, who are unable to get shipping 

containers. It’s a chronic problem, and we’ve devoted a lot of resources to this and other capacity problems, with exporters and importers. And I’m please to have the support of the Commission to 

draw it to a close and keep working on it, if confirmed. 

The CHAIRMAN. Good. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. Good. I’ve spent 26 years negotiating with railroads. I haven’t made one-quarter of an inch of progress. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. I’m convinced that surely it’s not because they’re 

stubborn, it must be because I’m just not very—— 

Ms. DYE. We have been working—— 

62 

The CHAIRMAN.—skillful. 

Ms. DYE. We have also been working with the railroads on this 

issue, and I have to say—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. 

Ms. DYE.—the Association of Railroads in Burlington Northern 

have been very, very cooperative with us, which we appreciate. 

The CHAIRMAN. So, that’s good. 

Ms. DYE. It is. 

The CHAIRMAN. That’s good. 

All right. Well, let me conclude just by saying that this is not a 

well-attended hearing, and there are two reasons for that: one, 

nominations hearings, unless they’re controversial—with so much 

going on, we all belong to too many committees and all of that, and 

subcommittees constantly meeting. Also, on the floor right now, 

Christopher Dodd is making his farewell speech and his father had 

served in the Senate, you know, probably 50 or 60 years. So, there 

are a lot of people down there to hear him speak. So, I apologize 

for the lack of attendance. 

On the other hand, I feel really good about the three of you, and 

for different reasons. Just the fact that you want to do this means 

a lot to me. Government is a hard challenge, and we’re in a tough 

patch right now. I think we’ll mature our way out of it, I hope. In 

the meantime, you’re going to be in very important jobs. We will, 

as I indicated—the Chairman has agreed—when we have a vote on 

something, in the next several weeks, we’ll have a little meeting 

afterwards and vote you out, which we will certainly do. And, since 

they’re not here to say anything bad about you, I’ll be in a position 

to repudiate them. 

[Laughter.] 

The CHAIRMAN. Anyway, I thank you for being willing to do this. 

You’re interesting people doing a—sort of the work of the future 

and fulfilling strong needs in this country. So, I thank you. 

And with that, this hearing is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 4:36 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.] 

(63) 

A P P E N D I X 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN F. KERRY, U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

Mr. Chairman, thank you for the opportunity to express my strong support for 

the nomination of Dr. Scott Doney to become Chief Scientist at the National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 

NOAA Administrator Jane Lubchenco has repeatedly indicated the central role 

science must play in our decisionmaking. President Obama’s nomination of Dr. Scott 

Doney to become Chief Scientist at NOAA will help translate that vision into reality. 

Dr. Doney has proven to be a trailblazer on the science behind climate change, 

ocean acidification, marine ecosystems, and the global carbon cycle. He has demonstrated the depth of knowledge and experience necessary to promote policies and 

provide direction to strengthen NOAA’s science programs and allow the agency’s actions to be confidently guided by science. 

Dr. Doney has been a leading, highly respected voice in the scientific community 

both in Massachusetts and nationwide. He is currently the Senior Scientist at the 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in the Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry—a world renowned institution dedicated to advancing and 

communicating science for the benefit of society. Over the last twenty years, he has 

studied ocean acidification and the global carbon cycle with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program. He also 

spent over a decade in the Advanced Study Program and Climate and Global Dynamics Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. 

Dr. Doney’s areas of research and expertise are the ideal compliments to the challenges facing NOAA today. As we prepare to begin the next Congress, now is the 

time to make sure we have the best people in place to produce and promote the authoritative science we need to address these challenges. For this reason, I urge my 

colleagues to support the confirmation of Dr. Doney to be NOAA’s Chief Scientist. 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF U.S. REPRESENTATIVE LAURA RICHARDSON OF CALIFORNIA

(D–37TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT) 

Chairman Rockefeller and members of the Senate Commerce Committee, it is my 

honor and pleasure to submit for the record my testimony to you and the Committee 

my thoughts on the consideration of Mario Cordero’s appointment to the Federal 

Maritime Commission. Having served on the elected local, state and Federal level 

which includes the Port of Long Beach (2000 to Present) my recommendation is 

based on an over 10 year direct observation of Mr. Cordero’s expertise, knowledge 

and commitment. 

In 1974, Mr. Cordero began his public service career as a practicing attorney, continuing even to this day to teach community college level political science courses 

and recently achieving major professional and personal goals by authoring and implementing a historic nationwide wide Clean Trucks Port Program. Whether in the 

courtroom, the classroom or the boardroom; Mario Cordero is the catalyst and pragmatist this country needs. 

Finally, in light of the Federal Maritime Commission’s objective to monitor and 

strengthen our Nation’s shipping policies, Mr. Cordero’s experience of serving as the 

Harbor Commissioner of the second largest port in the United States, moving $140 

billion goods each year, supporting 316,000 jobs and balancing economic growth and 

environment sustainability, President Obama and the Senate Commerce Committee 

is gaining an asset and not just a Commissioner. 

I urge the Senate Commerce Committee in the strongest terms without reservation to confirm the nomination of Mario Cordero to the Federal Maritime Commission. 

64 

Thank you Chairman Rockefeller, I yield back the balance of my time. 

RESPONSE TO WRITTEN QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY HON. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV 

TO SCOTT DONEY, PH.D. 

Question 1. Dr. Doney, NOAA has not had a Chief Scientist for 15 years. With 

one of the Nation’s top scientists, Dr. Lubchenco, serving as NOAA’s administrator, 

can you tell us a little about why NOAA needs a Chief Scientist and what you think 

your role will be in this position? 

Answer. I understand that the Administrator of NOAA has a wide range of duties, 

which makes it difficult for that position to focus on setting the general scientific 

tone of the agency. Such a job is large enough to require the specific focus of a senior level official of the agency. Setting the agenda for the research council and ensuring that science is properly integrated throughout the agency are large tasks 

that require tremendous focus. Filling the Chief Scientist position will allow the 

agency to make progress in these important areas. 

Question 2. Dr. Doney, you have dedicated much of your career to research on climate change and its impact on ocean health. Just this year, NOAA announced its 

intent to create a Climate Service. As the prospective Chief Scientist of NOAA, why 

do you think the agency has the expertise to best provide these services? How will 

NOAA’s climate science work be coordinated with that of other Federal agencies, 

states, and stakeholders? 

Answer. Americans are increasingly demanding information about the climate in 

order to make smart choices to keep their businesses competitive and communities 

safe and resilient. From electric utilities seeking information about future expected 

high and low temperatures to gauge power demands and make sound investments 

in power generation, to water managers in need of projections of the frequency and 

intensity of precipitation on which to design adequately-sized reservoirs, public and 

private sector decision-makers are at the forefront of recognizing that improved climate information is critical to efficient investments and public safety. 

NOAA has a proven track record of providing these types of data and products 

nationwide. NOAA already responds to the millions of requests it receives each year 

for climate information by sharing data, observations, predictions, assessments, 

training and vital on-the-ground services. 

Based on its experience and expertise, NOAA is uniquely positioned to provide 

critical information, data and service delivery infrastructure, and in many cases 

NOAA provides a foundation on which many others rely for their climate services. 

A Climate Service Line Office within NOAA is an effort to more efficiently organize the agency’s internal climate assets to best respond to Americans’ growing need 

for climate information and to increase NOAA’s capability to contribute as a more 

effective partner in the inter-agency climate services arena. 

NOAA already works closely with many Federal, regional, academic and other 

partners on climate research, data collection and dissemination and climate service 

provision. NOAA recognizes the importance of this collaboration, and understands 

that no single agency can provide all climate services for all people. NOAA is committed to continue to work with our Federal and state partners, the private sector, 

and universities to provide the best and most comprehensive climate services and 

information to decisionmakers across all sectors. 

Question 3. Dr. Doney, I believe strongly that NOAA, like other Federal agencies, 

must deliver services that benefit all Americans, and that taxpayer dollars must be 

carefully managed. You are a well respected scientist by training, specializing in 

chemical oceanography. But I want to ask you about the human factor, for a moment. You have worked to communicate the likely social and economic impacts of 

various human-induced changes on our oceans. If appointed, how will you personally 

work to ensure that NOAA’s scientific efforts directly improve the lives of people 

around the Nation and world? 

Answer. I believe what is needed are efforts on two fronts. The first task is to 

increase emphasis on research that illuminates the connections and interdependencies of human communities with the ocean, weather and climate. This involves 

a combination of raising the profile of social science research within the agency as 

well as using the research council and other entities to engage the external academic community on this topic. The second task is to continue to improve and expand the translation of knowledge gained from research into useful information 

products for the public, businesses, and local and state governments. If confirmed, 

I would also use the Sea Grant program to explore other options to ensure NOAA’s 

scientific efforts are improving lives. 

65 

RESPONSE TO WRITTEN QUESTION SUBMITTED BY HON. MARIA CANTWELL TO

DR. SCOTT DONEY

Question 1. Ocean acidification is the other effect of global climate change that 

is already impacting the West Coast’s shellfish farmers. As you noted in your article 

‘‘Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem,’’ the occurrence of this process has been 

verified in field data with expected increases in the future. As part of your past 

years in the field, where do you see the vital next steps for research into ocean 

acidification? 

Answer. High priority next steps for understanding ocean acidification are well 

described in the National Research Council’s recent study entitled, Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean, as well as 

NOAA’s recent Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Plan. The key components outlined in these reports include: a robust monitoring and observation network, research studies of ecosystem effects, studies of the effects on human communities, assessments and decision tools to support decisionmakers, data management, 

training of ocean acidification scientists, and education and outreach. 

Question 2. Where are we most lacking as we move forward to try to monitor and 

mitigate the effects of ocean acidification, especially as they are impacting are coastal economies? 

Answer. The major research priorities include a number of interlinked science directions: (1) developing robust chemical and biological observation networks for 

coastal and coral reef environments; (2) conducting more detailed studies of the direct biological responses of commercially important species (e.g., finfish, mollusk, 

crustaceans, sea urchins) and key habitat forming species such as corals, 

mangroves, sea grasses and kelp; (3) exploring indirect effects on finfish, marine 

birds and marine mammals through changing foodwebs; and (4) characterizing better the social and economic linkages of organisms that are potential at risk with 

commercial and recreational fisheries, recreation, tourism, etc. as a basis for understanding impacts to coastal economies. 

Question 3. What role do you see NOAA playing in the coming years in monitoring 

and responding to ocean acidification? 

Answer. With the passage the Federal Ocean Acidification Monitoring and Research Act, NOAA has been authorized to both establish its own ocean acidification 

program, as well as lead the coordination of an interagency effort. NOAA scientists 

are at the forefront of ocean acidification research and are working to better observe, monitor, understand and forecast ocean chemistry. NOAA scientists are also 

conducting research on ocean acidification impacts to commercial fishery species, 

and coastal and marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. NOAA will continue to 

play a key role in these areas, and can integrate physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem research findings with its fisheries, coastal, marine sanctuaries, and other 

stewardship responsibilities to better understand and develop tools to manage ocean 

acidification impacts to coastal communities. 

Question 4. What are the specific ways in which NOAA can help prepare citizens 

for monitoring and adapting to climate change? 

Answer. NOAA provides a wide array of climate information and services including ground, ocean and space-based observations, climate assessments, drought early 

warning information, and climate predictions and projections. This information is 

delivered to a range of users and can help Americans to make good choices to adapt 

to climate change. For example, NOAA can provide information to local coastal managers to help prepare for and adapt to likely changes in sea level, storms and ocean 

temperatures. For inland and coastal states alike, the issues associated with water 

management in our changing climate is critical. For example, climate assessments 

indicate that in the Northwest where it snows and people depend on snowpack for 

water, a warmer climate means major changes in the timing of runoff with 

streamflow increasing in winter and early spring, and then decreasing in late 

spring, summer and fall. This trend is projected to continue and reductions in summer water availability will be felt more significantly in areas that are dominated 

by snowpack runoff. Targeted climate services can help state and local water managers ensure that runoff periods are anticipated and water is adequately captured, 

stored and managed for the duration of longer drier periods. 

Question 5. What services is NOAA in a unique position to provide? 

Answer. In addition to the basic climate services NOAA derives and provides from 

its core climate observing, research, and modeling capabilities, NOAA is uniquely 

positioned to address the climate service needs of coastal communities, marine resource managers and ocean industries given its stewardship responsibilities. In this 

way, NOAA is both a producer and a user of climate information. NOAA already 

66 

provides information on likely changes in sea level, storms and ocean temperatures. 

This climate information is already starting to be incorporated into marine resource 

and coastal ecosystem management decisions in NOAA, other Federal agencies, and 

state governments through adaptation planning for fisheries, coastal and ocean 

habitats. 

Question 6. When will we know enough about the impacts and dangers of ocean 

acidification to call for action and actually do something? In your view, have we 

reached that point yet? 

Answer. The role of the research arm is to provide the best science-based information about our current understanding to the policymakers and those that will take 

action on this issue. If confirmed, I will ensure that NOAA will continue to carry 

out research on this and other topics to make sure those policymakers have the best 

data available to make those decisions. 

Question 7. You mention in your testimony the critical role that science plays in 

NOAA’s missions. As I am sure you are aware, the recent Draft Biological Opinion 

regarding Steller Sea Lions points out many gaps in our science regarding this species, from the basic life characteristics and population counts to more complex interspecies interactions and food webs. Millions of dollars were spent on investigating 

this problem back in the early 2000s, and we still don’t have the key answers to 

these basic questions about Steller Sea Lions. As Chief Scientist, what steps will 

you take to ensure that NOAA develops a strong scientific research and monitoring 

plan for Steller sea lions so another 5 years doesn’t pass us without asking and answering the basic questions at the heart of the Steller sea lion Biological Opinion? 

Answer. I consider the Steller sea lion research program a high priority and if 

confirmed I will carefully review the recommendations of the North Pacific Fishery 

Management Council. The need for additional research in the Aleutian Islands is 

clear. Until the appropriation process is finalized, NOAA cannot commit in advance 

to expanding resources currently committed to Steller sea lion research. I will also 

work closely with the North Pacific Research Board to support high priority research on Steller sea lions should I be confirmed. 

Question 8. NOAA is often caught in the political dynamic of being asked to get 

answers fast—even when those scientific questions are best answered through consistent, long-term research plans. What can you do as Chief Scientist to help push 

NOAA toward more effective long-term efforts and away from the need to bow to 

the political expedience of ‘‘needing answers now?’’ 

Answer. I understand both the need to be responsive to pressing questions and 

at the same time exacting in our methodology. If confirmed, I will work to continue 

to ensure that NOAA is responsive, but firmly grounds answers in sound science. 

I will also work to anticipate the research needs of policymakers so that they may 

have access to data in a timely manner. 

Question 9. You say that NOAA not only has to recruit the top scientists but play 

a role in cultivating our own leagues of strong scientific minds. As I have stated 

in the past, NOAA and its science is essential to the functioning of the American 

economy. What are your plans for engaging the Nation’s youth in promoting science 

as a career, and even further, that NOAA is a career goal? 

Answer. Having a robust STEM education pipeline (Pre-Kindergarten through 

graduate school level) can facilitate our Nation’s ability to meet environmental, energy, industrial manufacturing, and public health challenges of the 21st century. A 

strong component of this process is to lead the effort of building a career pipeline 

for NOAA-related occupations. The process involves linking educational content, experiential opportunities, advanced education, and career placement opportunities for 

students and early career scientists from pre-kindergarten through post-doctoral levels in both formal and informal science education settings. This approach integrates 

the goals of environmental literacy and workforce development established in the 

Education Strategic Plan to provide continuity of the workforce pipeline to better 

engage students at younger ages where career identification and exploration are 

most critical. Important activities include active development of educational partnerships with external organizations, providing professional development opportunities 

for STEM teachers, participating in the training of pre-service teachers, leveraging 

current student scholarships to make higher education more accessible, and creating 

meaningful experiential opportunities for hands-on science. 

Question 10. I have often said that the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 

is, unfortunately, one of Washington’s best-kept secrets. How will you use our existing infrastructure and scientific minds, such as our Olympic Coast National Marine 

Sanctuary and its visitor center, to focus attention on science literacy and education 

among the youth and general public? 

67 

Answer. The NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) conducts several education initiatives that focus on students, teachers, and the general public. 

Recently, the program began the Ocean Guardian Program to encourage children to 

explore their natural surroundings to form a sense of personal connection to the 

ocean and/or watersheds in which they live. The Ocean Guardian Program includes 

a Kids Club that encourages children to explore their natural surroundings to form 

a sense of personal connection to the ocean, an Ocean Guardian Classroom that 

allow classrooms throughout the United States to be involved in an exciting and innovative ocean conservation programs, and an opportunity for schools to register as 

an Ocean Guardian School by implementing a school- or community-based conservation project. NOAA’s ONMS also offers and manages a free education network that 

will alert educators by e-mail of upcoming field studies and professional development opportunities. 

My understanding is that the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary strives 

to improve the scientific understanding of both students and the general public who 

will not only become future generations of informed citizens, but will also be tomorrow’s scientists. It is my understanding that the Olympic Coast National Marine 

Sanctuary regularly conducts unique education events and programs in addition to 

their ongoing outreach events in communities throughout the region. 

Question 11. How will you focus the agency to make sure that vital opportunities 

that fulfill both scientific needs and outreach purposes, like the Mukilteo facility, 

are not overlooked going forward? 

Answer. I am not familiar with the specific issues regarding the Mukilteo facility 

but I feel that encouraging youth to consider a career in marine science is important 

for the sustained health of coastal communities and is essential for the future 

NOAA workforce. Opportunities to connect with students early to show them the 

wonder of the ocean and the exciting opportunities in the marine sciences is critical. 

I will use my position as Chief Scientist to advocate for investments in NOAA’s infrastructure that both improves NOAA’s scientific capacity and increases the agency’s capacity to engage a broad cross-section of the public and students, of all ages, 

in marine science. An awareness of our critical connection with the sea is important 

for the general public and business and government leaders. We also need to assure 

that the Nation and NOAA will have access to a broad and strong pool of next generation scientists, technicians and resource managers trained in marine science. 

Question 12. As you may know, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 

has recently prepared three biological opinions on the effects of organophosphate 

and carbamate pesticides on salmon species on the west coast, and is in the process 

of developing several additional biological opinions on nineteen other pesticides. The 

handling of these biological opinions by the National Marine Fisheries Service and 

the Environmental Protection Agency has been of great concern to many farmers 

in Washington State and all along the west coast. While we appreciate the recent 

delay in the issuance fourth biological opinion until April to give more time for 

stakeholder input we believe more can be down to better coordinate the efforts of 

the EPA and NMFS. If confirmed as NOAA’s Chief Scientist, how will you improve 

coordination and communication with the EPA and stakeholders to ensure that future biological opinions are a product of open and transparent communication and 

coordination? 

Answer. I understand that the EPA and NOAA are planning several workshops 

for early next year. These workshops will explore mechanisms for communicating 

more effectively with applicants and affected parties to ensure that all relevant 

sources of information are identified and an explanation of how that information is 

used is available. I will work to ensure these workshops are convened and where 

appropriate the results are incorporated in the process. 

Question 13. At the very least, can you commit to push your agency to: 

1. Allocate adequate resources and staff to the upcoming biological opinions in 

order to review, analyze, and respond to public comments and data over short 

timeframes; 

2. Develop a joint process with the Environmental Protection Agency to incorporate major stakeholders in the decision-making process; and 

3. Respond to at least the most major, substantive, and frequently-repeated concerns raised by state agencies and stakeholders? 

Answer. I understand NOAA is challenged to meet the court approved schedule 

for the consultations being conducted pursuant to court order. If confirmed, I will 

focus on ensuring adequate staff is available for those consultations and evaluate 

the program’s long term needs. I will work to ensure major stakeholders and states 

are involved in the decision-making process. 

68 

Question 14. Part of the difficulty in the pesticide consultations is different scientific perspectives and approaches between the scientists at NMFS and the scientists at EPA. If confirmed as NOAA’s Chief Scientist, will you commit to helping 

the scientists at NMFS and EPA find common ground, collaborate more effectively, 

and come to consensus on some of their key scientific disagreements? 

Answer. I understand EPA, USFWS, and NMFS have convened to determine how 

to conduct a risk assessment to meet the information requirements of the Endangered Species Act. The goal is to produce a common analytical framework that 

aligns the requirements under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide 

Act and the Endangered Species Act. If confirmed, I will engage in this effort and 

work to ensure the group works to achieve its goal. 

I understand that the third biological opinion which was recently published contains diagrams and information specifying the levels of a pesticide and herbicide 

compound below which jeopardy would not occur. 

Question 15. The third biological opinion which was recently published contains 

diagrams and information specifying the levels of a pesticide and herbicide compound below which jeopardy would not occur. Because effectively communicating the 

science is so important here, are you willing to push NOAA to go back and compile 

this information for the first two biological opinions to provide stakeholders with 

more guidance about how to apply the herbicides and pesticides to avoid actual jeopardy taking place? 

Answer. Yes; if confirmed, I will explore reviewing those opinions in the future, 

but I understand that NOAA must first meet the court approved schedule for the 

remaining consultations. However, if there are improvements identified in any of 

the workshops scheduled early next year, I will work to incorporate them in the implementation of the reasonable and prudent alternatives. 

Question 16. If confirmed, would you be willing to push NOAA to consider providing performance standards, i.e., a list of in-water concentrations of pesticides and 

herbicides that if not exceeded would not cause jeopardy, instead of the one-sizefits-all approach that application buffer zones represent? 

Answer. I understand that NOAA is willing to consider performance standards 

where appropriate, but they may not always be appropriate given differing toxicity 

levels and modes of operation for different chemicals. If confirmed, I will continue 

to explore using performance standards where appropriate. 

Question 17. I have heard that NOAA does not believe Washington state’s current 

water quality monitoring program for pesticides is robust enough for the agency to 

utilize the state’s data. Will NOAA commit to working with the State of Washington 

to develop a robust water quality monitoring program that will meet NOAA’s standards and provide useful information for future pesticide biops? 

Answer. I am not familiar with Washington State’s water quality monitoring program, but if I am confirmed I will make sure NOAA continues to work with the 

State of Washington to develop more robust water quality monitoring programs. 

RESPONSE TO WRITTEN QUESTION SUBMITTED BY HON. FRANK R. LAUTENBERG TO

DR. SCOTT DONEY

Question. Changes in ocean chemistry will affect our food supply and the health 

of our oceans—yet research on ocean acidification is still in its infancy. I wrote a 

law last year that requires NOAA to lead an inter-agency effort to study the effects 

of ocean acidification. As chief scientist, how will you help improve our understanding of ocean acidification and how to best mitigate its impacts? 

Answer. If confirmed, I would work to create a cross-agency plan that would look 

similar to the NRC report developed by the Ocean Acidification Program. NOAA has 

and can play a large role in understanding the impacts of ocean acidification and 

responding to changes in ocean chemistry, working to understand impacts on commercial fishery species and coral species. We will need to continue to carry out research on this and other topics to make sure those decisionmakers have the best 

data available to make those decisions. 

RESPONSE TO WRITTEN QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY HON. FRANK R. LAUTENBERG TO

MARIO CORDERO

Question 1. In your capacity as Long Beach Harbor Commissioner, you helped the 

Port of Long Beach implement the Clean Air Action Plan, which called for drastic 

reductions in port-related emissions. How can the Federal Maritime Commission 

69 

help ports become more environmentally friendly while at the same time remaining 

economically competitive? 

Answer. The Commission can and has embraced its role as a clearinghouse for 

best practices that improve sustainability and economic efficiency. If confirmed, I 

will work to support these efforts, and will promote and encourage dialogue so that 

the Commission serves as a partner in greening the ports. Through this dialogue 

and by highlighting best practices, the Commission can encourage the use of green 

technology that furthers port operations that are more sustainable and more efficient. On this note, Chairman Lidinsky has formed an environmental team to explore ways U.S. port authorities and private marine terminal operators (MTOs) are 

addressing these questions. 

I believe that the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles can serve as a case study 

on implementation of sustainable and efficient programs. One prime example is the 

Pier PASS program undertaken by the MTOs at Long Beach and Los Angeles. This 

program was initially implemented to address congestion and environmental issues, 

but it also served to reduce delivery time and fuel consumption in harbor drayage. 

This program was put in place through an agreement that was filed and reviewed 

at the FMC. 

Question 2. During your years of experience in the maritime industry, how would 

you describe the level of communication between industry and the Federal Maritime 

Commission? 

Answer. During my time as Harbor Commissioner at the Port of Long Beach, I 

met and communicated with the FMC on our clean air initiatives, foreign cargo diversion issues, and the port’s economic condition. Such communication with the various stakeholders is paramount. If confirmed, I will build on the Commission’s current efforts to gather input and seek consensus. Commissioners are in a unique position to learn about and then highlight new commercial and regulatory approaches 

to maritime transport-related problems through their outreach to the industry and 

the shipping public. 

Question 3. What is your view of cargo destined for the United States being diverted from U.S. ports to ports in Canada or Mexico? Is this a serious problem, and 

what can we do in response? 

Answer. The FMC consults regularly with U.S. ports on this important issue, and 

it is examining potential unfair practices by our neighbors that may add to U.S. 

cargo shifting from the U.S. to Canada and Mexico. We also need to examine what 

we can do here at home to make our ports more efficient and competitive. 

Question 4. In his National Export Initiative, President Obama called for doubling 

U.S. exports by 2015. Given the Federal Maritime Commission’s role in regulating 

foreign commerce at our ports, what actions can the Commission take to help meet 

the President’s goal? 

Answer. The Commission has an important role in ensuring that increased exports have an efficient, reliable way to move to overseas customers. The Commission 

is currently in the process of finalizing its Fact Finding Investigation on export and 

import capacity and equipment issues. In the coming year, the Commission can 

work to resolve problems that the Fact Finding Investigation identifies in our export 

supply chain. In addition, the Commission should continue to work with the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, the International Trade Administration, and other agencies of the Federal Government to find solutions to the problems of U.S. exporters. 

Question 5. How will you work to improve the FMC’s outreach and communications with industry? 

Answer. If confirmed, I will strive for prompt responses to concerns of the public 

and industry. To this end, the Commission has established rapid response teams at 

its Office of Consumer Affairs and Dispute Resolution, and has encouraged shipping 

lines to designate liaisons to work with these teams in an ongoing manner. If confirmed, I will be accessible to industry and their customers in order to listen to their 

concerns, as well as make them aware of the resources offered by the FMC. 

Question 6. What can the FMC do to protect consumers moving their personal 

goods overseas from scams—a problem that we see too often in New York/New Jersey? 

Answer. The Commission is currently in the process of a Fact Finding Investigation into unfair or deceptive practices in the movement of household goods and personal property. This is a serious issue, and the FMC is correct to focus on it as an 

important part of its mission to protect the American consumer. Raising consumer 

awareness and coordination with other agencies and law enforcement will likely be 

important ingredients in the Commission’s response. 

70 

RESPONSE TO WRITTEN QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY HON. FRANK R. LAUTENBERG TO

HON. REBECCA F. DYE

Question 1. In his National Export Initiative, President Obama called for doubling 

U.S. exports by 2015. Given the Federal Maritime Commission’s role in regulating 

foreign commerce at our ports, what actions can the Commission take to help meet 

the President’s goal? 

Answer. The Commission is focused on taking all steps within its authority to foster an ocean transportation system that can meet the growing needs of U.S. exporters. Due to our concerns about ocean transportation capacity to carry U.S. exports 

and imports, on March 17, 2010, the Commission ordered Fact-Finding Investigation 

No. 26, Vessel Capacity and Equipment Availability in the United States Export 

and Import Liner Trades. The Commission named me as the Fact-Finding Officer 

for this investigation. 

The Fact-Finding Investigation recommended the creation of Commission ‘‘Rapid 

Response Teams’’ to resolve capacity problems and increasing Commission oversight 

over ocean carrier agreements. The Fact-Finding Investigation also held an export 

capacity forecasting group meeting and developed an export container availability 

outreach effort. 

If confirmed, I will continue to work to increase the reliability of the international 

supply chain for U.S. exports. 

Question 2. How will you work to improve the FMC’s outreach and communications with industry? 

Answer. As Fact-Finding Officer for Fact-Finding Investigation No. 26, I was involved in an outreach effort involving ocean carriers, exporters, importers, ocean 

transportation intermediaries, port officials and other participants around the country. As a Commissioner, I also speak to and consult with industry groups regularly 

on issues before the Commission. If confirmed, I will continue to engage in efforts 

to increase Commission outreach and communication with all of the Commission’s 

stakeholders. 

Question 3. What can the FMC do to protect consumers moving their personal 

goods overseas from scams—a problem that we see too often in New Jersey? 

Answer. On June 23, 2010, with my support and encouragement, the Commission 

ordered an investigation to of potentially unlawful, unfair or deceptive practices by 

household goods movers in U.S.-foreign trades. The Commission will consider the 

interim report and recommendations of this investigation at our next Commission 

meeting. 

If confirmed, I will support Commission action to protect consumers from unlawful, unfair or deceptive practices by international household goods movers. 

Question 4. Statute requires cruise lines to show financial responsibility to reimburse passengers when cruises are canceled or lines go bankrupt, yet the Commission’s current rules do not require more than $15 million in bonding, even for massive cruise lines. Do you think it is time to update that amount to better protect 

passengers? 

Answer. If confirmed, I will work to protect cruise ship passengers against undue 

financial risk. No passenger covered by current Commission financial responsibility 

regulations has failed to be indemnified for nonperformance of transportation on a 

vessel. I believe the most effective passenger indemnification system is risk-based, 

and takes into consideration all available sources of indemnification. 

Æ