IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 20-0195

Filed December 16, 2020

DANIELLE PUTMAN,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

SHAWN J. WALTHER and AMY M. WALTHER,

Defendants-Appellees.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Kellyann Lekar, 

Judge.

A home buyer appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the 

sellers on her claims of fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation. AFFIRMED.

Patrick C. Galles of Correll, Sheerer, Benson, Engels, Galles & Demro 

P.L.C., Cedar Falls, for appellant.

Matthew M. Craft of Dutton, Daniels, Hines, Kalkhoff, Cook & Swanson, 

P.L.C., Waterloo, for appellee.

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Schumacher, JJ.
2

TABOR, Judge.

Danielle Putman bought a home from Shawn and Amy Walther. After water 

seeped into her basement, Putman sued the Walthers for fraudulent 

misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation of the conditions of the house. 

Putman now appeals the district court’s grant of the Walthers’ motion for summary 

judgment. Because the court properly determined Putman’s failure to designate 

an expert witness on causation and damages was fatal to her case, we affirm the

summary judgment ruling.

I. Facts and Prior Proceedings

In March 2018, the Walthers sold their house to Putman. In the Seller 

Disclosure of Property Condition, the Walthers revealed that the basement only

had a “2010 sewer back up and SW wall seepage a few times.” But after Putman

took possession of the home in April, she experienced significant water infiltration 

in the basement. 

To address that problem, Putman arranged for Magee Construction 

Company to inspect her basement. After the inspection, Magee Construction sent 

her a letter detailing the harm caused by seepage:

Inspected the water damage to your lower level on Monday the 16th 

of July. Observed water damage to the family rooms and bedroom. 

Tested the walls of all the rooms with a moisture meter and had water 

in the drywall a foot up from the floor. 

The letter also described the damage shown in four photographs:

The pictures #2 show the meter pegged with moisture a foot up from 

the floor. Pictures #1 shows the floor of the bedroom SW corner, 

raised off the concrete floor approximately 2 1/2′′ which indicates a 

previous water infiltration from the exterior. Not known at this time 

of any damage to the framing under existing sub floor. Pictures #3 

show the damage to the flooring of the family rooms. Pictures #4 
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show the exterior SW side exterior, which show an existing basement 

window behind the mulch/dirt and at some point in time a wall was 

built to channel the water flow on the south side of the structure. 

Pictures #5 show an old drain line capped off and a clean-out which 

were under the carpet and pad of the family room.

Magee Construction estimated it would cost $11,571.48 to repair the water 

damage to the basement.

In October 2018, Putman sued the Walthers for both fraudulent 

misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation.1 Putman alleged their failure 

to disclose the defects of the basement caused her “mental, emotional, and 

financial damage and loss.” She attached the letter, estimate, and photographs 

from the inspection. 

After the parties’ initial disclosures, the Walthers moved for summary 

judgment in November 2019, noting Putman “failed to designate an expert witness 

and can offer no testimony concerning causation as to the water intrusion into [her] 

home.” 

Putman resisted their motion. In her resistance, she listed the following

sources: (1) city employees called to her home to observe the water infiltration; (2) 

Magee Construction, the company that conducted an inspection and provided a

repair estimate; (3) realtor Steve Burrell, who provided a sale price estimate; and

(4) neighbors who could testify as to the water in her basement. Putman also 

asserted that she could “testify as to the source of water and her observations 

 

1 The petition also named as defendants Sandy Stuber, Michael Meaney, and Mike 

Bartlett Home Inspections. Putman amended the petition on November 30 to add 

Movers & Shakers, LLC and Sulentic & Fischels Realtors, Inc. as defendants. 

Putman voluntarily dismissed the appeal as to these defendants, leaving the 

Walthers as the only appellees.
4

having lived in the home for more than a year.” Expanding on that point, Putman 

submitted an affidavit, stating “[t]hat water came in to the basement from sanitary 

sewer overflow, seepage through the floor and walls and other unknown sources.”

In January 2020, the district court granted the Walthers’ motion for summary 

judgment. The court held that “expert testimony is required on the issues of 

causation and damages, because the cause of water damage to the house and

the cost of repair are not common knowledge to a lay person.” Putman did not 

meet that requirement, in the court’s estimation:

[A]fter review of the record, the witnesses mentioned in Plaintiff’s 

Resistance were not formally designated as experts nor were these

individuals disclosed as experts in the Plaintiff’s discovery 

responses. In reviewing the interrogatory responses submitted in 

support of the various motions for summary judgment, the Court 

notes that no expert witness was mentioned in the discovery 

responses.[2] Further, Plaintiff makes summary allegations that 

representatives were disclosed in the Resistances to the motions for 

summary judgment but provides no actual interrogatory responses 

to support these allegations. 

After listing those deficiencies, the court ruled Putman had not properly designated 

or disclosed an expert on the issues of causation or damages. Given that 

omission, the court granted summary judgment on Putman’s claims of negligent

misrepresentation and fraudulent misrepresentation.

3

 

2

In answers to interrogatories, Putman listed four neighbors as witnesses. She 

also listed as expert witnesses a city engineer, the waste management director, 

the sewer maintenance foreperson, and a representative of Magee Construction. 

Defendants Sandy Stuber and Movers & Shakers, LLC provided Putman’s list of 

expert witnesses as an exhibit in support of their objections to her witness and 

exhibit list. That exhibit was not part of the record in the motion for summary 

judgment.

3 The district court noted Putman did not refer to Iowa Code chapter 558A (2019) 

in her complaint but “essentially pled a cause of action under that chapter.”
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Putman appeals the district court’s decision granting summary judgment. 

II. Scope and Standard of Review

Our review of summary judgment decisions is for correction of errors at law. 

Hollingshead v. DC Misfits, LLC, 937 N.W.2d 616, 618 (Iowa 2020). A party may 

be granted summary judgment by showing “that there is no genuine issue as to 

any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of 

law.” Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(3). “We review the facts in the record ‘in the light most 

favorable to the nonmoving party’ and ‘draw every inference in favor of the 

nonmoving party.’” Hollingshead, 937 N.W.2d at 618 (quoting Skadburg v. Gately, 

911 N.W.2d 786, 791 (Iowa 2018)). 

III. Analysis

Putman does not dispute that she needed to present expert testimony to 

establish her claims of causation and damages. See Doe v. Cent. Iowa Health 

Sys., 766 N.W.2d 787, 793 (Iowa 2009) (“When the causal connection between 

the tortfeasor’s actions and the plaintiff’s injury is not within the knowledge and 

experience of an ordinary layperson, the plaintiff needs expert testimony to create 

a jury question on causation.”).

Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.500(2)(a) provides that “a party must 

disclose to the other parties the identity of any witness the party may use at trial to 

present evidence under Iowa Rules of Evidence 5.702, 5.703, 5.705.”4 Under this 

disclosure rule, a party must disclose the identity of expert witnesses. McConkey 

 

4 These rules of evidence govern testimony by expert witnesses. 
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ex rel. B.M. v. Huisman, No. 18-1399, 2019 WL 3317373, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. July 

24, 2019).

Putman asserted in her resistance to summary judgment that she had 

“identified witnesses in response to discovery requests,” including Magee 

Construction. But the district court determined “the witnesses mentioned in 

Plaintiff’s Resistance were not formally designated as experts nor were [they] 

disclosed as experts in the Plaintiff’s discovery responses.”

5

On appeal, Putman raises a different issue, contending she adequately 

disclosed Magee Construction as an expert witness by attaching the letter and 

estimate from the company to her original petition. She argues no formal 

designation was necessary because “the Magee estimate was not formulated for 

purposes of issues in pending or anticipated litigation.” She relies on Hansen v. 

Central Iowa Hospital Corp., 686 N.W.2d 476, 480 (Iowa 2004), in which the

plaintiff failed to designate her treating physician as an expert witness in 

accordance with Iowa Code section 668.11 (2001). Our supreme court determined 

the physician could still give his opinion testimony on causation arising from 

treating the plaintiff because his opinion was not “formulated as a retained expert 

for purposes of issues in pending or anticipated litigation.” Hansen, 686 N.W.2d 

at 485. 

 

5 The court explained that it made its ruling by “reviewing the interrogatory 

responses submitted in support of the various motions for summary judgment.” As 

noted, Putman listed Magee Construction as an expert witness in the answer to an 

interrogatory, but none of the parties submitted the answer in association with the 

motion for summary judgment.
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Putman did not raise this issue in her resistance to the Walthers’ motion for 

summary judgment. She stated only that she had identified Magee Construction 

“in response to discovery requests.” Also, the district court never ruled on whether 

Putman had retained Magee Construction in anticipation of litigation. See id. We

conclude Putman did not preserve this issue for our review. See Meier v. 

Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of 

appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the 

district court before we will decide them on appeal.”).

Next, Putman claims she complied with the substance of rule 1.500(2)(c) by 

attaching Magee Construction’s estimate to her petition, which included “the 

contractor’s full name, address, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address, a 

detailed summary of his observations, photographs, and a reasonable repair cost.” 

Because she provided this information, Putman contends her failure to formally 

designate Magee Construction as an expert witness was harmless error. 

Putman does not provide legal authority to support her claim that she 

substantially complied with the disclosure rule. Substantial compliance means 

“compliance in respect to essential matters necessary to assure the reasonable 

objectives” of the rule or statute. See Hantsbarger v. Coffin, 501 N.W.2d 501, 504 

(Iowa 1993) (finding literal compliance with Iowa Code section 668.11 on expert 

disclosure was not required). Because she offers no cases to bolster her position, 

we find this issue waived on appeal. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (“Failure 

to cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.”). Even 

if the issue was not waived, the district court did not rule on the issues of substantial 
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compliance or harmless error, and therefore these issues have not been preserved

for our review. See Meier, 641 N.W.2d at 537.

Finally, Putman contends summary judgment was inappropriate because 

the Magee Construction estimate presented a genuine issue of material fact on the 

issues of causation and damages for her claim under Iowa Code section 558A.6. 

That statute creates a civil cause of action for a seller’s failure to make required 

real estate disclosures. See Arthur v. Brick, 565 N.W.2d 623, 626 (Iowa Ct. App. 

1997) (noting chapter 558A sets “standards for disclosure” in real estate 

transactions). 

On this point, the district court noted: “Although the Petition did not 

specifically refer to Code of Iowa Chapter 558A, the allegations of the Petition 

essentially pled a cause of action under that Chapter.” After determining that 

expert testimony on causation was required for Putman’s claim, the court 

concluded: “In sum, all claims made by the Plaintiff, including negligent 

misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation or violation of Chapter 558A to 

the extent that cause of action could be considered pled by Plaintiff, are subject to 

summary disposition for failure to designate or disclose experts on causation and

damages.”

Summary judgment is appropriate when a plaintiff’s claims must be 

supported by expert testimony and the plaintiff fails to designate an expert witness. 

See Karnes v. Keffer Overton Assocs. Inc., No. 00-0191, 2001 WL 1443512, at *2 

(Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 16, 2001) (“We agree with the district court that an expert was 

necessary in this case and that failure to designate one was appropriate grounds 

for summary judgment in favor of the defendants.”); accord City of Riverside v. 
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Metro Pavers, Inc., No. 16-0923, 2017 WL 2875687, at *2–3 (Iowa Ct. App. July 

6, 2017). Putman needed to designate an expert witness on her claim under 

chapter 558A to establish her claim that the Walthers fell short in complying with 

the standards for real estate disclosure. Her failure to do so is grounds for 

summary judgment.

We affirm the district court’s decision granting summary judgment to the 

Walthers.

AFFIRMED.