### Volvo Cars of North America Emission Defect Information Report EDIR No. 06018D01A

1 of 3 Volvo Cars of North America, LLC - EDIR No. 06018D01A 2010-04-29 

### 1. Manufacturer’s Corporate Name: Volvo Cars of North America, LLC 2. Description of Defect Component Description : The Camshaft Reset Valve, or CVVT Solenoid Valve, Intake,controls the oil flow to the CVVT unit (camshaft pulley). The valve consists of an electromagnetic valve with a spring-loaded piston. Slots in the piston channel engine lubricating oil to the CVVT unit by moving the piston in the reset valve. The CVVT unit (camshaft pulley) turns the camshaft. Varying oil flow into the CVVT unit varies the position of the unit on the camshaft, affecting intake valve timing. The degree to which valve timing is advanced or retarded depends on the chamber in the CVVT unit that is supplied with oil pressure. The oil flow in the valve can be controlled to the different chambers in the continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) unit at variable rates. This allows the cam timing to be changed precisely and steplessly.

Failure Description : A failure trend was identified through quarterly monitoring of claims for California. Particulates held in suspension in the engine oil were carried into the camshaft reset valves under oil under pressure, causing friction wear. Sometimes this can cause piston binding and hysteresis, or slow piston response to electromagnetic timing input. As a result, the intake camshaft advance or retard could lag or possibly not reach full commanded position. CVVT timing response is monitored by onboard diagnostic software, which records a diagnostic trouble code and illuminates the malfunction indicator lamp to inform the driver of the need for service.

Probable Cause : In tested valves, increased friction was caused by contaminants in the engine oil, including hard particles such as grains of sand, sulfur, and iron oxide.

3. Affected Test Group and Models 3.1 Test Group: 4VVXT2.92U1T Model Year: 2004 Models Involved: XC90 AWD Engine Description: B6294T (Engine Code 91) 2.9 Liters, 6 Cylinders In-Line, OHV, DOHC, 24-valve turbocharged engine with OBDII, Bosch ME 7.01 Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: 50 States

3.2 Test Group: 4VVXV2.43S2N Model Year: 2004 Models Involved: S60, V70 Engine Description: B5244S6 (Engine Code 64) 2.44 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve naturally aspirated engine with OBDII, Denso Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: California, S177 States

3.3 Test Group: 4VVXV2.43U2N Model Year: 2004 Models Involved: S40 2.4i, S60, V70 Engine Description: B5244S (Engine Codes 38 & 61) 2.44 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve naturally aspirated engine with OBDII, Denso Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: 50 States 

## EPA EDIR# 4241 Received: June 10, 20112 of 3 Volvo Cars of North America, LLC - EDIR No. 06018D01A 2010-04-29 3.4 Test Group: 4VVXX2.52U2T Model Year: 2004 Models Involved: S40 T5, S60, V70, V70XC, S80, XC90 Engine Description: B5254T2 (Engine Codes 59 & 68) 2.5 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve turbocharged engine with OBDII, Bosch ME 7.01 Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: 50 States

3.5 Test Group: 5VVXV02.4U2N Model Year: 2005 Models Involved: S40, V50, S60, V70 Engine Description: B5244S (Engine Codes 38 & 61) 2.44 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve naturally aspirated engine with OBDII, Denso Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: 50 States

3.6 Test Group: 5VVXX02.5U2T Model Year: 2005 Models Involved: S60, V70 Engine Description: B5254T2 (Engine Codes 59 & 68) 2.5 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve turbocharged engine with OBDII, Bosch ME 7.01 Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: 50 States

3.7 Test Group: 5VVXV02.4S2N Model Year: 2005 Models Involved: S40, V70, S60, V70 Engine Description: B5244S (Engine Codes 39 & 64) 2.44 Liters, 5 Cylinders, OHV, DOHC, 20-valve naturally aspirated engine with OBDII, Denso Engine Management, Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI), Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S), and Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Sales Area: California and S177 States 

## EPA EDIR# 4241 Received: June 10, 20113 of 3 Volvo Cars of North America, LLC - EDIR No. 06018D01A 2010-04-29 

### 4. Affected Vehicle Population

4.1 Calculations are based upon screened failure rate as determined from solenoid manufacturer testing, multiplied by unscreened claims from Volvo's warranty records.

4.2 Assembly plants producing the potentially affected vehicles are:

Volvo Cars Torslanda Volvo Cars Europe Industry SE-405 31 Göteborg J. F. Kennedylaan 25 Sweden B-9000 Ghent Belgium

5. Description of Failure Impact Hysteresis may result in early or late attainment, or failure to attain commanded retard or advance of intake vale timing. It may also result in a slow return to neutral from advance or retard. This would cause the MIL to turn on, informing the owner of the need for service. A timing retard condition may lack some torque below 3000 rpm. High speed performance may be noted as slightly unsteady rpm. Drivability should not be a problem in either case. Once a fault code is set, the camshaft angle adopts a neutral default position, the Check Engine light illuminates, and engine performance steadies again.

One test group, 5VVXV02.4U2N 

### , shows evidence of a higher failure rate than all other test groups, which all have very low failure rates. Failures within 5VVXV02.4U2N

### appear to be concentrated in S40 and V50 vehicles. Hence, the issue seems to be contained within very narrow parameters.

6. Available Emissions Data

None

7. Anticipated Manufacturer Follow-up Volvo will await further test reporting from its solenoid supplier, and Volvo will perform testing and/or engineering analysis to determine the impact of hysteresis on exhaust emissions. TEST GROUP MODELS ENGINE CODES VEHICLE SALES FAILURES RATE 4VVXT2.92U1T XC90 AWD 91 25,988 67 0.25 %
4VVXV2.43S2N S60, V70 64 8,147 25 0.31 %
4VVXV2.43U2N S40 2.4i, S60, V70 38, 61 24,774 175 0.71 %

4VVXX2.52U2T S40 T5, S60, S60 AWD, S80, S80 AWD, V70, V70 AWD, V70XC AWD, XC90, XC90 AWD 59, 68 89,930 307 0.34 %

5VVXV02.4U2N S40 2.4i, V50 2.4i, S60, V70 38, 61 22,880 872 3.81 %

5VVXX02.5U2T S60 2.5T, S60 2.5T AWD, V70 2.5T, V70 2.5T AWD, V70XC AWD, S80 2.5T, S80 2.5T AWD, S80 2.5T AWD Executive, XC90, XC90 AWD, S40 T5, S40 T5 AWD, V50 T5, V50 T5 AWD 59, 68 73,612 93 0.13 %

5VVXV02.4S2N S40 2.4i, V50 2.4i, S60, V70 39, 64 7160 123 1.72 % 

## EPA EDIR# 4241 Received: June 10, 2011