1

IN T EH UNIT DE S AT ET S ID STRICT COURT

OF R T EH DISTRICT OF WYOMING

RF EE SPEECH,

tnialP i ff , AC ES NO. 21 - VC - 721 - SWS

VS. CO TOBER 3, 20 21

:8 28 A.M. - 9:05 .A .M

EF DERAL ELECTI NO COMMISSION,

AC SPER, WYOMING

dnefeD a tn .

RT ANSCRI TP OF T LE PE HONIC ORAL RU IL NG

ON PLAINTIFF'S OM IT NO F RO P ER LIMIN RA Y NI JUNCTI NO

EB FORE THE HONO AR LB E SCOTT W. HADVAKS L

NU IT DE STAT SE DIS RT ICT JUD EG

RAEPPA A SECN :

oF r Plaintif :f J ho n .B thgiepS

04 21 Snyd re

hC eyenne, Wyoming 82001

tS ephen .R nielK

YW OMING LIBER YT G OR PU

91 20 Thomes Avenue, Sui et 201

hC eyenne, Wyoming 82001

eB njamin .T rraB

01 737 Hunting L na e

oR ckville, Mary al dn 208 05

oF r Defendan :t E ir n .R kapolhC

aD vid B. rekloK

dA va No it

EF DER LA ELECTION COMMISSION

99 9 E Stre te NW

aW shington, DC 02 64 3

iN chol sa Vassal ol

NU IT DE STATES A TT RO NEY'S OFFICE

.P O. B xo 6 86

hC eyenne, yW oming 82003-0668
2

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3 .U S. Di ts rict Cou tr h uo es

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4 aC s ep r, yW omi gn 8 62 10

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1 IC T TA I NO NI DEX

2 v nitsuA . Mi hc gi an hC amber of oC m em r ec ,

494 .U .S 65 ,2 1 99 0 ...................................... 6

3

wA ad v. Zi ir ax, 6 07 F 3. d 1111, at 11 25,

4 01( ht riC . 201 )2 ... .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 51

5 yelkcuB v. Val oe , 424 U S. . ,1 1 79 6 ............ . ......... 7

6 detinU snezitiC v. EF C,

855 .U .S 310, 130 S.Ct 8. 76, 2 10 0 . ....................... 6

7

CEF .v Su vr ival E ud c ta ion Fu dn , I cn o pr o ar ted,

8 ,582 d3.F 56 2( 592 ta d riC . 1 99 5) . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. ... 19

9 v CEF . Wis oc sn ni Right to L fi e,

155 .U .S 44 ,9 2 00 7 ...................................... 8

10

cM C no n le l v. eF ed lar El ce t oi n Com im s is on,

11 S.U 045 . 9 ,3 02 03 ........... . ........................... 6

21 ocixeM weN Y v dezinagrO htuo . H re r re a,

16 1 F 3. d 669, 76 6 1( 0th C ri cuit 02 )01 .. .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. .. 17

13

hT e Re la rT u ht Ab tuo bA ort oi n, Inc. v.

41 elE laredeF c noissimmoC noit 555 ,445 d3.F 186 ,

4( th Cir. 2 10 2) . .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. .. 11

15

iW n et r v. Na ut ral Reso ru ce eD fense Coun ic l,

61 S.U 555 . 7 ta 20, 2008 .... .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 15

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1 EHT C UO RT: Good morni gn , counsel.

2 .RM B RRA : Good om rn ni g, Yo ru Hono .r

3 .SM C OLH PAK: oG do om nr in .g

4 EHT C UO RT: Court is in session in the am tter of Fr ee

5 pS eech vers su the Fede ar l Elec it no Commissio ,n aC es Numb re

6 12-CV-127. I on et the presen ec of M .r Speigh ,t rM . Klein and

7 Mr. Barr no eb ah fl of plainti ff s -- plaintiff and the presence

8 fo Mr. Kolker, Ms. Chlopak and Mr. Noti no beha fl of t eh

9 ed fendant, Fe ed ral Election oC mm ission.

10 ihT s matt re comes bef ro e the Cou tr on plaintiff's

11 motion for p er liminary injunc it ve relief pursu na t to Rule 56 of

21 the Federal uR les of Ci iv l Pr co edure. Plain it ff , based upon

31 alleged infri gn ement of its oc sn titutional righ st , seeks ot

41 vah e this Co ru t ne jo ni defend na ,t t eh Federal lE ecti no

51 oC mmission, rf mo enforcement fo various regu al ot ry provisions

61 and policie .s The Court fin sd and orders as f lo lows:

17 sA to the background in th si mat et r, P al inti ff Fr ee

81 pS ee hc si na unincorporated, on nprofit assoc ai it on form de on

91 February 2 ,1 201 ,2 and is co pm rised of three yW oming residents.

02 Free Speech s' stat de mis is no is to promote and rp otect fr ee

12 ps eech, limit de government a dn constitut oi nally --

22 oc nstit tu io an l accounta ib lity na d to advocate op sitio sn on

32 various poli it cal issue ,s inc ul di gn free spe ce h, environmental

42 policy, g nu ir ghts, la dn ri hg ts and control over person la

52 eh althcare. tI s bylaws require t ah t it opera et independent yl
5

1 of politic la ac ndidates, commi tt e se and op litical parties. See

2 the Complaint, Paragraphs 1 a dn 10, and Exhibit A to Exhib ti .1

3 rF ee Speech s ee ks to run var oi su advert si emen st addressi gn

4 op litical is us es and see sk to ne gage in fundr ia is gn fr mo o ht re

5 like-minded ni id viduals to su pp ro t its positions through publ ci

6 em di .a

7 nO Ju yl 2 ,6 2012, plai tn iff fil de this ca tion,

8 hc allen ig ng ce tr ain FEC regul ta oi sn that plain it ff la leges

9 ba ridge its F ri ts Amendment rf ee doms. Specif ci la ly, plaintiff

01 rb ings facial and "as pa plie "d challenges against 11 C.F. ,R

11 eS ction 100 2. (2 b), alleging its definiti no fo " xe press

21 da vocac "y is unconstitution la yl vague a dn ov re ly broad and

31 rt iggers bur ed nsome registr ta oi n and reporting requirem ne st

41 hw ich a tc as t eh functional e uq ivalent fo a pr oi r restra ni t of

51 op litical ps ee ch.

16 alP i tn i ff further cha ll enges t eh const ti utionality of

71 ht e FEC s' in et rpretation and ne forcement proce ss er garding

81 op litic la c mo im ttee status, so il citati no tests, the "maj ro

91 up rpos "e te ts and expre ss a vd co a yc determina it no .s eeS

02 Complaint, Pa ar graph .2

21 nI o dr re ot understand and analy ez the issu se raised,

22 ti is helpful to lay out the pa plicable statut ro y and

32 er gulato yr rf ma ework and evolu it no of law affec it gn political

42 ac mpaigns and elections. It is also helpf lu to identif ,y to

52 ht e extent ab el , the perceived ev li s sought to be curtailed yb
6

1 ht is s te fo c ma paign laws. The pr mi ary purpo es fo t eh F de er la

2 Election Cam ap gi n A tc of 197 ,1 hereinafter "T eh Act" ro " EF CA ",

3 aw s ot lim ti ht e actuality a dn appearan ec of oc rr upti no

4 er sulting fr mo the givi gn fo al gr e su sm of mon ye and t eh

5 ps ending of m no ye in po il tical campaigns for fe ed ral office.

6 uhT ,s under Title ,2 nU ited States Code, Section 441a,

7 mil itations are imposed upon the am uo tn of con rt bi utions that

8 can be made d ri ectly ot candid ta se for feder la fo fice and t eh

9 xe penditures t ah t a candidate may ma ek in runn ni g for office.

01 There were a sl o concerns re ag dr ing independent expenditu er s

11 which were on t made by a candi ad te for feder la fo fi ec but

21 on nethe el ss a pers no advocat ni g for the election or defeat of a

31 elc ar yl iden it fied ca dn idat .e These indepen ed nt expenditures,

41 in part, give ri es to ht e is us se before the C uo tr in this cas .e

15 irP or to the nU it de tS at se Supreme oC ru t's decisi no ni

61 Citizens Un ti de ev rsus eF deral Election Commi ss oi n, 1 03 Supreme

71 uoC tr 8 67 , 2 10 ,0 the federal al w prohibited oc pr orations a dn

81 nu ions from su ing treasury fu dn ,s money, ot am ek independe tn

91 expenditures of r speech that was eith re d fe in de as

02 electioneer ni g communication or for speech e px er ssly advocating

12 the election ro ed feat fo a ca dn idat .e This pr ce lusi no no

22 corpora et xe ep nditures for le ce tioneeri gn co mm nu ications w sa

32 upheld ni Mc oC nnell vers su Fe ed ral Election oC mm ission, 5 04

42 U. .S 9 ,3 20 30 . Ho ew ve ,r in do ni g so, the Sup er me Court reli de

52 upon its p ir ro holding in Aus it n versus Michigan Chamb re of
7

1 oC mmerce, 494 .U .S 652, 1990 Su rp eme Court dec si oi n which

2 upheld t eh tS ta e of Mich gi an s' dire tc res rt ic it no on the

3 dni ependent ex ep nditures of f nu sd yb a corporation th ta

4 us pported or po posed a yn candi ad et for state of if ce.

5 nI Ci it zens United, ht e Supreme Cou tr o ev rrul de its

6 ced ision ni A su tin and eh dl nu oc nstitution la iT lt e 2, United

7 tS at se Cod ,e eS ction 441b's re ts rictio sn no cor op ra et

8 dni ependent e px enditures. In da dition, the C uo rt in Citizens

9 nU ited overr lu ed th ta portion of McConne ll which h da uphe dl

01 ma endmen st ot Secti no 316( )b of FECA, precluding corporatio sn

11 na d un oi sn f or m using their g ne eral treasu yr f nu ds, money, ot

21 if nance el ce it oneeri gn comm nu ci ations. See Ci it zens United at

31 19 3; McConn le l ta 203 through 02 .5

14 seD p ti e this conclusion on t eh preclus oi n of

51 expenditure ,s it is equally if n to more signifi ac nt ot t eh

61 lc aims in this case to note what the Cou tr in C ti izens Unit de

71 found was oc sn titutionally ep mr issible. In iC it zens United,

81 there was also a challen eg m da e to the d si claim re a dn

91 id sclosure re uq iremen st und re iT tle ,2 United S at tes Cod ,e

02 Section 441 .d In analyzi gn ht se e disclaim re and disclosu er

12 er quirements, the Cou tr ni iC it zens United n to de : "Disclaim re

22 na d dis lc os ru e requirements am y bu dr ne the ab li ti y to speak,

32 but th ye i pm so e no ce li ing no campaign-related activities ",

42 citi gn Buckley, 424 U. .S ta 64, a dn "do not pre ev nt anyone fr mo

52 speaki gn ," ci it gn McConnell, s pu ra, at 201. The Court has
8

1 ht detcejbus e hcihw "yniturcs gnitcaxe" ot stnemeriuqer es

2 " a seriuqer s sbu erusolcsid eht neewteb "noitaler laitnat

3 .tseretni latnemnrevog "tnatropmi yltneiciffus" a dna deriuqer

4 yelkcuB , pus ra .46 ta , ehT oC tru ew nt o ,n in iC t zi e sn Un ti ed,

5 edulcnoc ot t stnemeriuqer remialcsid dna erusolcsid eht tah

6 titsnoc erew u r ,lanoit ni sisylana sti gnimriffae llennoCcM sa

7 deniatrep ti .snoisivorp erusolcsid eht ot dI . at 915.

8 hT e ac se law h sa also rd a nw id s it nctio sn b te we ne

9 vda ngiapmac o .ycacovda eussi dna ycac oT ht at xe t ne t, in

01 elE laredeF c R nisnocsiW susrev noissimmoC noit efiL ot thgi ,

11 S.U 155 . 44 ,9 eht Su rp e em oC ru ,t in 2 00 7, h le d ht at s at t tu ory

21 noitcirtser s stnemesitrevda ot sdnuf etaroproc fo esu eht no 

31 " erew taht i ot desoppo sa stnemesitrevda "ycacovda euss

41 da sserpxe" v .lanoitutitsnocnu erew "ycaco

15 In er a hc ing th ta oc n lc u is o ,n eht Court no et d th ta ht e

61 sserpxe fo tnelaviuqe lanoitcnuf" eht ton saw eussi ta hceeps

71 ".hceeps ngiapmac yfitsuj ot dleh stseretni eht ,suhT

81 gnitcirtser lanoitcnuf sti ro hceeps ngiapmac etaroproc

91 tnelaviuqe d itsuj ton di "ycacovda eussi" eht gnitcirtser yf

02 ovni hceeps l ni dev efiL ot thgiR nisnocsiW . nI m ka i gn ht si

12 htiw detaicossa sregnad eht taht deton truoC eht ,noitcnitsid

22 seod tnelaviuqe lanoitcnuf sti ro hceeps ngiapmac ro ycacovda

32 w tsixe ton i ot tcepser ht .ycacovda eussi eS e W si c no sin Right

42 efiL ot .074 ta , tI is beh ni d this aw ll of pr ce e ed nt t ah t the

52 lp fo tirem a .derusaem eb tsum smialc s'ffitni ehT def ni i it no
9

1 of these terms is important to ht e analysis of the issu se

2 pr se ente .d

3 dnU re t eh Federal El ce it no Campaign A tc fo 197 ,1

4 "independent e px enditure" is de if n de as "an ex ep dn iture

5 xe pressly ad ov ac ting the electi no or defeat of a clearly

6 di entif ei d c na id date" and not m da e by or in coor id nati no w ti h a

7 nac didate or op litical par yt or committ ee . S ee Tit el 2, United

8 tS ates Code, eS ction 431(17 .)

9 nA e" px enditure" is de if ned as "any pur hc as ,e paymen ,t

01 distributio ,n loan, advance, d pe osit or gift fo mon ye ro

11 na ything of v la ue made yb any ep rson f ro the up pr oses of

21 ni fluencing any election for f de er la office." eS e Section

31 431(9)(A)(i ,) Title 2.

14 dnU er 11 C.F.R, Se tc oi n 100.22, "ex rp se sly advocating"

51 is defin de as any communicat oi n that (a) uses p rh ases su hc as

61 "vote for the president," " er le ect yo ru cong er ss man," "support

71 ht e Dem co ra it c no im nee," "cast your ball to f ro the Republic na

81 challenger for U. .S Senate ni Georgia ", "Smith for Congress,"

91 "Bill McK ya ni '94 ", "vote rp o-life" ro "vo et rp o-choice"

02 ca compani de by a listing fo c el arly id ne tifi de candidates

12 sed cribed as pro-life or pro- hc oice, "vote aga ni ts Old

22 Hickory;" " ed ef at" accompanied by a picture fo one or more

32 candidates; " er ject the incumb ne t" ro communica it ons fo

42 campaign sl go na s or indi iv du la words whi hc in oc ntext c na have

52 on oth re r ae os nable me na ing t ah n to urge the e el cti no or defeat
10

1 fo one or more clearly identif ei d candidat se such sa poste sr ,

2 bump re stick re ,s advertisements, et cetera, which say, "Nixon's

3 the one"; "Ca tr er '76"; "Reaga /n Bush" or "Monda el !"; ro

4 buS section (b) of Section 100 2. 2 which provide :s "Wh ne taken

5 sa a whole na d wi ht limited re ef ren ec to external event ,s such

6 sa the p or xi im ty to the election, cou dl on yl be ni terpreted yb

7 a reasonable p re son as containing advoca yc of the election or

8 ed feat of one ro more clear yl ide tn ified candi ad tes becaus ,e

9 no e, the el ce ot ral portion of ht e communication si

01 nu mistakable, unambiguo su and us ggesti ev fo only one meaning;

11 na ,d two, r ae os nable mi dn s c uo dl not differ as ot hw ether ti

21 ne coura eg s ac it ons to elect ro defeat one or om re clearly

31 identi if ed ca dn idates or encou ar ges some other ik nd fo actio .n

14 A pe sr no or or ag nizat oi ,n oth re than a pol ti ic la

51 committe ,e t ah t finances inde ep ndent expendi ut er s aggregati gn

61 more than $250 a calen ad r ye ra is required ot f li e with the FEC

71 a disclosu er repo tr that id ne it fies, inter a il a, the date and

81 amount of ea hc expenditu er na d anyone who cont ir buted over $2 00

91 ot further ti . See United Sta et s oC de, Secti no 434 c( ) of

02 iT t el 2; a dn 11 .C F.R., Section 109.10(e .)

21 ehT cA t furth re def ni se a "political c mo mittee ",

22 commonly known as a "PAC," as "any committee, lc ub, association

32 ro oth re g or up of perso sn which r ce eives contr bi utio sn

42 ga grega it ng in excess of $1,000 during a cale dn ar year ro whi hc

52 am kes expen id ut res aggregating ni excess fo 1$ 0, 00 during a
11

1 ac lendar yea .r " Title 2, Uni et d States Cod ,e eS tc ion

2 431(4)(A). hT e terms "expendit ru es" a dn "cont ir ub tions" ra ,e

3 ni turn, de if en d to enco pm ass na y spending or f nu draising "for

4 ht e pur op es of influencing a yn electi no for fed re la office."

5 eS e Sect oi ns 34 1(8)(A)(i) and 34 1(9)(A)(i).

6 nI Bu kc ley versus Va el o, 4 42 U.S. 1, 19 67 , the Supre em

7 Cou tr narrow de the statutory ed if niti no of a P CA , limiting i st

8 reach to "only encompass org na zi ations that are und re the

9 oc ntrol of a ac ndidate ro the m' ajor purpose' of which is the

01 on mination or election of a c na didate. An o gr na ization that si

11 on t controlled yb a candida et um ts there of re re ig ster sa a PAC

21 if i st contr bi utio sn or exp ne id tures exceed $1 0, 00 and i st

31 m' ajor purp so 'e si the nomin ta oi n or election of a federal

41 candidate ". eS e The Real Tr tu h About Abortio ,n Inc. susrev

51 Federal Elect oi n Commi ss ion, 681 F 3. d 54 ,4 555, Four ht Circu ti

61 2012 decisi no , hereinaft re " TR AA ".

17 loP i it cal committees um st comply with certain

81 organizatio an l a dn disclosure requirements. T eh y mu ts regist re

91 iw ht the FEC and file periodic r pe orts of r dis lc osure to the

02 up bl ci of t eh ir tot la operating e px enses and ca hs no hand as

12 ew ll as their re ec ip st a dn id bs ursements with il mited

22 exceptions of r most transactions below a 200- od ll ar threshold.

32 See Title ,2 United States oC ed , Sections 433 na d 434. caE h

42 PAC mu ts have a treasur re who am intains its r ce ro ds a dn a

52 separate yl de is gnated bank acc uo nt. PACs also um st disclos ,e
12

1 in their regu al rly scheduled r pe orts, additional information

2 ab uo t t eh ri i dn ependent expe dn ti ure ,s includi gn the date,

3 amount a dn ca dn idates us ppor et d ro opposed for each independent

4 expenditure o ev r $20 ,0 Secti no s 434(b)(4)(H)(ii )i , (6)(B)(iii).

5 Additionall ,y AP sC must ident fi y themselves thro gu h disclaimers

6 no all fo t eh ri public political advertising, on their website

7 na d in mass me ia ls. 11 C.F.R, eS ction 110.11( )a 1( .)

8 nI 02 70 , after consi ed ir gn and receiving public

9 oc mment ,s the EF C decided n to to promulgate a en w definiti no of

01 "political co mm itte "e but inst ae d to continue i st longstanding

11 rp acti ec of ed termini gn ea hc ro ganization's ma oj r purpo es

21 ht rough a ca es -by-ca es anal sy is fo an ro gani az it on s' conduc .t

31 hT e pu lb ished notice fo this ed cisi no explai en d that while t eh

41 "major purpos "e test c na be s ta isfi de "throu hg sufficient yl

51 extensi ev spe dn ing on federal ac mpai ng activi yt ", 72 Fed re la

61 geR ister 55 59 , 5601, a fact-in et nsive analysis of e ca h

71 organizatio 'n s conduc ,t incl du ni g public statem ne ts,

81 uf ndraising a pp ea sl and spen id gn on other activ ti ,y can eb

91 instructi ev in evaluating t eh organization's c ma paign

02 ca tiviti se oc pm ar de to its a tc vi ities unrelated to campaigns.

12 Id. at 56 10 ht rough 60 .2

22 ehT cA t defin se "co tn ir bution" ot incl du e "any gift,

32 us bscription, loa ,n advan ec or deposit of mon ye or anythi gn of

42 av lue m da e yb any person for t eh up rposes of ni lf uenci gn a yn

52 le ection f ro federal office ". 2 Unit de Stat se Cod ,e Section
13

1 431(8)(A)(i .) The Act er quires "any per os "n hw o "solicits a yn

2 contribu it on ht rough a yn bro da ac sting station, en wspape ,r

3 magazin ,e ou dt oo r advertisi gn f ca ility, maili gn ro any ot eh r

4 type of general publ ci politic la advertising" to include a

5 sp ce ifi de disc al imer in the os il citation. Id., Section

6 144 d(a); and es e la os 11 C.F R. ., Section 110. 11 a( )(3).

7 alP ni it ff wishes ot pay for advertise em tn s in va ir ous

8 media outlets ht at will bring to light a variety of public

9 ssi ues such as gun rights, land ri hg ts, envir no em nt la policy,

01 healthca er and free sp ee ch, ni lc uding their con en ction wi ht

11 publ ci servan st and candidates f ro public office. Fr ee S ep ech

21 lp ans ot r nu these advertis me ne ts from the pre es tn ot Nov me ber

31 dna furth re ps eak about related issu se as th ye arise betwe ne

41 oN vemb re as w le .l See the Com lp aint, at Paragr pa h 1 .3

15 alP i tn iff seeks to fi an nce a dn distrib tu e these

61 communicati no s without regis et ir ng as a politic la committee or

17 oc mplyi gn w ti h t eh disclaimer and discl so ure bo ligations

81 required for certain typ se of campaign-related communication .s

91 rF ee Speech la os inten sd ot s lo icit donations fo uf nds to

02 finan ec ad id it onal unidentifi de advertisements well beyo dn t eh

12 2 10 2 electo ar l cycle. Plaintiff represents it is not under t eh

22 control of na y feder la candi ad et nor does it ah ev , as i st major

32 up rpose, t eh electi no or defeat of clea lr y i ed tn ified

42 candidates of r federal office -- see Complaint, Paragra hp 14 --

52 and plaintiff insis st it int ne sd to engage so el yl ni "issue
14

1 advocacy." lP ia ntiff's first c ua se of action la el ges Section

2 100.22( )b is nu constitution la no its face becau es it go se

3 eb" yo dn any p or per con ts ruct oi n of expre ss advo ac cy and offers

4 on clear gui ad cn e -- ro guide il en s for speakers ot at ilor ht eir

5 constitu it on la yl protec et d cond cu t and speech, and it fails "to

6 il mit its a pp il cati no to exp ne id tures f ro com um in cations that

7 ni express ter sm da vocate the e el ction ro defeat of a clearly

8 identifi de c na id date for fede ar l office" in acco dr ance with

9 uB ckley. S ee oC mplaint, Para rg pa hs 47 and 75.

10 alP i tn iff alleg se t ah t Section 100.22( )b is

11 uncons it tutio an l as applied eb ac use t eh FEC "ma ni tains a

21 rp actice fo pa plying a variety of ad hoc, case-by-ca es factors

31 ni each enfo cr ement matter, a vd isory opinion and consideration

41 fo the er gul ta ion in question ". See Co pm laint at aP ragraph 7 ;6

51 and the F CE pa plies ti to cov re protected "issue advocacy"

61 moc municati no s. Complaint, at Paragraph 77.

17 alP i tn iff's second ca su e of action a ll ge se th ta

81 eS ction 100.2 (2 b) is un oc nstit tu ional becau es t eh h" ea yv

91 regulations and compliance r qe iu rements" associ ta ed wi ht t eh

02 FEC's arbitrary classificati no of some speech as e px re ss

12 advocacy ac st as the functio an l equivalent of a pri ro

22 restra ni .t S ee Compla ni t, P ra ga raphs 81 a dn 28 . 'ffitnialP s

32 ht ird cause of acti no alleges ti cannot realis it cally raise

42 uf n sd or s ee k donations due to the cumberso em pa plication fo

52 the FEC's nu constitutionally av gue solicitat oi n standar sd ,
15

1 inhibiti gn it fr mo "as os ciat ni g with li ek -min ed d individu la s

2 na d spea ik gn out ot raise aware en ss of issues." Complaint, at

3 raP agraph 8 .7

4 niF la yl , plaintiff s' f uo rth cause of a tc ion alle eg s

5 ht at the FEC s' application of the "major purpo es " test ot

6 ted ermine p lo ti ic la committee ts atus is uncon ts ti utional

7 eb cause ti ev la uates more th na an organizatio 'n s independent

8 expenditures and founding doc mu ne ts. S ee Compla ni t, at

9 raP agraph 103. By the present om tion, plainti ff see sk a

01 prelimina yr i jn unction enjoining t eh FEC from ne forcing t eh

11 hc allenged pr vo isio sn and po il ic es facial yl a dn sa appli de

21 until a final hearing on the m re its may be held.

13 ehT ts andard of review ap lp icable to t ih s matter

41 er quires th ta to obtain an ext ar ordinary remedy of a

51 rp eliminary i jn unctio ,n plai tn fi f mu ts sh wo that four fa tc ors

61 ew igh in its favor: One, it is substan it al yl il ke yl to succeed

71 on the meri st ; t ow , it wi ll su ff er irreparable ni jury fi the

81 ni juncti no si denied; three, i st threatened i jn ru y outweighs

91 the injury t eh opposing party will suffer under the injunction;

02 na ,d fou ,r the i jn uncti no would not be adverse ot ht e publ ci

12 interest. See Awad, A-W-A-D, vers su Ziriax, Z-I-R-I-A-X,

22 76 0 F.3d 11 11 , ta 1125, Tenth iC rcuit 20 21 , c ti ni g Winter

32 vers su Natural Re os ur ec Defense Council, 555 .U .S 7 at 20,

42 02 08. Prel mi ni ary injunctions that alt re t eh ts atus quo ro

52 fa ford t eh om av nt a ll the relief that it wi ll r ce over at t eh
16

1 conclusion of a f lu l tri la no t eh em rits ra e dis af vored and

2 um ts be more lc osely scrutin zi de . Id. nI such instances, t eh

3 mo iv gn par yt m su t make "a strong s oh wing ob th wi ht regard ot

4 the likelihood of success on ht e merits and with rega dr to t eh

5 balance of har sm ." I .d

6 alP ni it ff argu se that be ac use the F CE s' er gulato yr

7 ts ructure ac st as ht e functional equivalent of a pri ro

8 restraint, ti asserts th ta str ci t scrutiny is w ra ranted to

9 er view of its claims. At t eh oc er fo p al inti ff s' challenge ,s

01 oh wever, a er rules and polici se whi hc implem ne t on yl the

11 id sclosure r qe uirement .s The questi no b fe ore ht e Court is not

21 whether pla ni it ff can ma ek exp ne ditures for t eh speech ti

31 orp poses nor rai es money wi ht uo t il mitation but simply whether

41 it must prov di e id sclosure of it's elec ot ral a vd ocac .y

15 noC t or lling precedent does n to support na argument

61 aht t strict cs rutiny is appli ac ble. As noted, "d si claimer a dn

71 sid closure re uq iremen st may ub dr ne t eh a ib li yt to s ep ak, ub t

81 eht y impose no ceiling no cam ap ign-related act vi ities a dn od

91 on t prevent na yo en from spe ka ni .g T eh Court has subjected

02 these er quire em nts to 'exact ni g scrutiny', wh ci h requires a

12 'substantial er latio 'n betwe ne the disclosure r qe uireme tn and a

22 'sufficient yl important' gov re mn ental interes .t See Citizens

32 United vers su FEC, 558 U. .S 310. See also RT AA versus FEC, 681

42 3.F d 544. Si im larly, ht e Te tn h Circuit has not de that

52 er gulations er quiring discl so ru ,e as disting iu hs ed from
17

1 re ug lations th ta il mit the amou tn fo spee hc a rg uo p m ya

2 dnu ertake, are sub ej ct to t eh e" xacting scrut ni .y " See

3 eN w Mexico Youth Organized ve sr us Herrera, 611 F 3. d 669, 676,

4 2010 Ten ht Ci cr uit decisio .n

5 ehT id sclosu er a dn or ag nizational requ ri ements of r

6 ni dependent xe penditur se and op il tical committ ee s "are n to sa

7 burdenso em on ps ee hc as are l mi ti s impos de on ac pm ai ng

8 ca tiviti se ro lim ti s imposed on contributio sn to the

9 expenditures by campaigns ". TR AA , 6 18 F.3d, at 548.

01 Accord ni gly, na interm de ia et l ve el of scrutiny nk own sa

11 e" xacting scr tu in "y is t eh app or pria et standa dr to app yl ni

21 er viewing rp vo isions th ta i pm so e disclosure re uq iremen st su hc

31 sa the er gu al it on and poli yc at issue here. See RTAA, ta 549.

14 nI t re ms of the issue as to the consti ut tionality fo

51 11 C.F.R., S ce ti no 1000 -- ro 100.22(b), "Citi ez ns United

61 us pports the EF C's u es fo a uf cn tion la e uq ivalent test in

71 ed fining ' xe rp ess advocacy.' If mandatory d si closure

81 qer uirements ra e ep rmissible w eh n applied ot da s that merely

91 em ntion a ef ed ral candidate, ht ne applying t eh same burd ne ot

02 da s that go uf rth re and are the functio an l e uq vi ale tn of

12 xe pre ss adv co ca y cannot auto am it cally be imperm si sible." eS e

22 TR AA, 681 F 3. d 5 15 -5 .2

23 hT" e langua eg of Se tc oi n 100.22( )b is oc nsiste tn wi ht

42 the test f ro t eh functional e uq ivalent fo ex rp se s advocacy that

52 aw s adopted in Wisconsin Rig th to Life, a te ts that t eh
18

1 oc ntrolling po ni ion specifica ll y stat de w sa not impermissibly

2 av gue ". Id., at 552, citing EF C versus Wiscon is n Rig th to

3 iL fe, at 47 ,4 Footno et .7

4 lA" ht uo hg it si tr eu ht ta the la gn ua eg of Secti no

5 100.22( )b do se not exac lt y mi rr ro the functional equivale tn

6 fed inition ni Wisconsin Right to L fi e, the di ff re en ec between

7 the two tes st are not m ae ningf lu . nI deed, t eh et ts under

8 ceS ti no 100.22 b( ) is likely n ra or wer th na the no e ar it culated

9 ni Wisconsin R gi ht to Life si cn e it requires a c mo munication to

01 ah ve an 'ele tc oral portion' t ah t is unmistakab el a dn

11 anu mbiguous ". RTAA, at 552.

12 hT e af ct th ta the F CE cou dl not conc ul is ve yl agr ee as

31 ot whether c re tain of plainti ff 's proposed ads constitu et d

41 xe press adv co ca y under its r ge lu ations and poli ic se does on t

51 kam e Section 100 2. 2(b) uncons it tutional yl va ug e. T ih s fact

61 rp ov se litt el becau es cases th ta af ll cl so e to ht e line will

71 ni evitably ra si e when a pp lying Section 100.22 b( ). This ki dn of

81 fid ficulty si sim lp y in eh re tn in any ki dn fo s at ndards-bas de

91 et st. See TR AA , at 554. It a sl o may reflect t eh inherent

02 problem in an equal numb re of commissioners and the unfortunate

12 op litical div di e; but, in a yn even ,t that do se not invalida et

22 the process.

23 ruT n ni g to wheth re the disclosu er req iu rements

42 triggered by 100.22(b) act sa a prior er stra ni t. "In Buckley,

52 ht e Sup er me oC urt explained t ah t id sclosure co lu d be justified
19

1 sab de on a go ev rnment la inte er st ni providing the e el ctorate

2 iw th informa it on about the so ru ec s of election-r le at de

3 ps ending." eS e Citizens United ta 914. tI "uph le d a

4 disclosure req iu reme tn for inde ep ndent expenditu er s even though

5 ti invalidat de a provisi no that imposed a ceiling on those

6 expendit ru es ". S ee Citizens nU ti ed at 91 .5

7 nI th si cas ,e plaint fi f fails to demo sn rt ate how any

8 of the chall ne eg d provisions, n no e fo whi hc im op se any

9 er strictions or limitations on ti s speech, funct oi n sa a prior

01 restra ni .t T eh plaintiff ap ep ra s to se ke ot e px and t eh

11 discussion ni Citizens United as ot the forma it no of a PAC and

21 ht e bu dr ens mi posed upon go ni g through th ta rp co es ,s but ht si

31 oC urt d eo s on t f ni d that tho es sa em burd ne s a er an la ogous ni

41 this case a dn thus do n to act as a prior rest ar ni t or the

51 equivalent fo the same.

16 sA to the constitut oi an lity of the s lo ci itation

71 ts andard, ni evaluating whether plaintiff's od an ti no reques st

81 ow uld constit tu e "solic ti ations" of contribut oi sn , the F CE

91 employ de t eh Sec no d Ci cr uit's tes :t Dis lc os ru e is requir de " fi

02 a communicat oi n contains soli ic tations clearly indicating that

12 ht e contribut oi ns wi ll be ta gr te ed to the elect oi n or defeat of

22 a clearly di ne tified ac ndid ta e for feder la o ff ci e." FEC versus

32 uS rvival Educ ta ion Fund, Incor op rated, 65 F.3d 82 ,5 ta 29 ;5

42 eS cond Circuit 1995, "SEF" h re ie nafter. Draft B found two of

52 plaintiff's p or posed donation er quests wi ll s lo ci ti
20

1 oc ntributions na d two wi ll no .t Complaint, Ex ih ib t C, at ap eg

2 17. Draft B of t eh opinion of ht e FEC reasonably applies -- of

3 ht e adv si ory po inion, I should stat ,e reasonably applies t eh

4 SEF stan ad rd of r solicitations in er aching this conclusio .n

5 hT e S ce ond Circuit, in SEF, reco ng iz de ht ta the

6 id sclosure er uq irements for so il citatio sn "se vr e important

7 First Am ne dm ne t values. Pote tn ai l oc ntributors ra e ne titl de ot

8 know th ta th ye a er supporting i dn ependent critics of a

9 candida et and on t a group that am y be in league iw th that

01 candidate s' po ponent. Sect oi n 441d(a)(3) is t uh s 'a reasonable

11 and minimal yl restrictive me ht do ,' Buckley, 424 U.S ,. at 28 , of

21 ensuring op ne elector la compet ti ion that do se n to undu yl trench

31 pu on an in id iv dual s' First mA ne dment rights." SEF, 65 F.3d at

41 92 .6

15 I wo lu d add: Based u op n Citizens Un ti de 's anal sy si

61 and the al ol aw nce of oc rpor ta e contribution ,s ht e reporting

71 requirements eb come ev ne more si ng ificant be ac su e the corpora et

81 rts ucture d eo s not all wo ide tn fi ication of t eh ni dividu la who

91 si making the spee hc at issu .e

20 hT e constitutionality -- as to the c no stitutionali yt

12 fo the "major pu pr os "e test and " op litical com im ttee status":

22 oF" llowing uB kc ley, t eh Commis is on adop et d a op il yc of

32 ed termining PAC s at tus no a c sa e-by-case bas si . S ee Political

42 Commit et e S at ut ,s 72 Federal R ge ister 5595, 5596-97, this '20 70

52 toN ice.' Und re th si approac ,h t eh Commissi no f ri ts considers a
21

1 org up s' politi ac l activ ti ies su hc sa spending no a particular

2 'electoral' or 'iss eu adv co ac 'y campaign -- s ee Id. at 5601 --

3 na d then it e av luates an org na zi ation's 'major up rpose' as

4 reveal de yb t ah t group's pub il c statements, fun rd aisi gn

5 pa peals, gov re mn ent filings a dn organizational d co uments ". See

6 dI ., RTAA, 6 18 F. d3 at 55 .5

7 nI de ic ding not to adopt a statutory de if niti no of a

8 PAC, t eh FEC xe plained that "a pp lying t eh 'ma oj r purpose'

9 doctrine requi er s the flexibili yt fo a case-by-c sa e analy is s of

01 na organizati no s' condu tc that si incompatible iw ht a

11 one-size-fi st -a ll rule." 72 F de er la Register at 560 .1 ehT

21 02 07 notice la os "explained the framewo kr for se tablishi gn

31 politic la com im ttee status u dn er FECA a dn discu ss ed sever la

41 er cently r se lo ved administrat vi e matters that provi ed

51 considerable guidance ot a ll organizations er ag rding political

61 oc mmitt ee s at ut s." 72 Federal Registe ,r at 5 95 5-96.

17 lA" t oh ugh Buckley did crea et t eh 'ma oj r purpose' test,

81 ti did on t m na date a particul ra methodolo yg of r determining an

91 organi az tion's ma oj r purpose, na d thus t eh Comm si sion w sa free

02 to administ re FECA political oc mmittee er gulat oi ns either

12 through categ ro ical rules or ht rough individua il zed

22 da judications ". See RT AA , 681 F.3d, at 55 .6

23 hT" e necessi yt of a oc ntextu la inqu ri y is supported by

42 judicial de ic is ons app yl ing ht e 'major purpos 'e te ts which ha ev

52 esu d t eh s ma e fact-in et nsive na alysis that the Commissi no has
22

1 adopted ". RTAA at 55 .7 The Co mm ission, in its op licy, adopt de

2 a sensible ap rp oa hc to determi in gn whether na o gr anization

3 uq alifies for PAC statu ;s and, more importantly, the

4 oC mmission's m lu ti-factor 'major purpose' test is consiste tn

5 iw th Supreme oC urt precedent a dn does not unlaw uf lly det re

6 rp otected sp ee hc . cA cordingl ,y ew find ht e p lo ci y

7 oc nstitution la ". That s' RTAA at 55 .8

8 ihT s oC urt similarly f ni ds the policy oc nstitution la

9 in this matt re ; and because the Cou tr finds the lp aintiff has

01 af iled ot es at blish a s bu st na it al likelihood of success no t eh

11 merits of i st actions, the pla ni tiff is not e tn ti led ot a

21 erp liminary i jn unction in this mat et r and will therefore de yn

31 ht e req eu sted pr le iminary i jn nu ctio .n

14 I iw ll d ri ect a min tu e or ed r be entered, incorporating

51 yb referen ec this Court's oral ruling whi hc has be ne

61 rt anscribed or placed on tra sn rc ipt yb the court reporter.

17 erA ht ere a yn questio sn regardi gn the am tter at th si

81 point in time, Mr. ?rraB

19 .RM RAB :R There are no questions no pla ni tiff s' en .d

20 EHT OC URT: A ll right. Mr. Kolker or sM . olhC kap ?

21 .SM LHC OPA :K No. No questio sn her ,e oY ur Honor.

22 EHT OC URT: Very well.

23 .RM SAV SAL OL : Your H no or, this is Nick Vassallo. I

42 uj st wanted to note f ro t eh er oc dr that I h da j io ned the call a

52 ef w minutes b fe ore y uo ca em no t eh line.
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1 EHT TRUOC : rM ,llew yreV . aV s as llo. So on te .d

2 hT ank oy u a ll . Have a og od da .y

3 RM . B RA R: .uoy knahT

4 SM . C LH O AP K: .uoy knahT

5 TRUOC EHT : .ssecer ni dnats lliw truoC

6 T( he pro ec de i sgn oc ncl edu at :9 05 a. .m )

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1 ER PORT RE CERTIF CI TA E

2 ,I J MA IE .L HENDRIC ,H Offici la Federal Cou tr Reporter

3 in the Unit de States District oC urt for t eh D si rt i tc of

4 yW oming, cer it fy th ta the for ge io gn is a correct transcript

5 rf om t eh record of proc ee dings ni t eh above-ent ti led matter.

6 __ _10.17.12_ __ _ _______ _ ____ _ S/__ / ______ _ ____ __

taD e AJ MIE L. ,HCIRDNEH SC R- RPR - RC R

7 fO fici la Federal oC urt Report re

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A

liba yti 7 22: 61 :17

a elb 5 52:

obA r it on 3:13 11 1: 4

voba e-enti lt ed 24:5

irba dge 5:9

ac moc pa ein d 9 2: 0 2, 2

ac oc unt 11 2: 5

ac oc untability 4 2: 2

a tc 5 1: 4 6:2 2, 9 3:

10 2: 1 12 22: 13 1:

18 42: 19 41:

ac it no 5 7: 10 1: 3 14 1:

14 1: 7 32, 15 4:

ac it ons 10 21: 22 1: 1

activi it es 7 2: 3 12 02:

12 2: 0 16 81: 17 8:

21 1:

activity 12 1: 5 1, 8

a stc 41 : 12 1 :6 7

actual yti 6 3:

ad 14 1: 2

dA va 1:20

a dd 20 1: 5

dda i it no 7 8:

dda i it o lan 12:1 13 2: 0

ddA i it o llan y 12:5

dda res is gn 5:3

jda u id c ita ons 21 2: 2

nimda si et r 21 2: 0

nimda si trat vi e 21 1: 4

a tpod 21 7:

oda p et d 17 52: 20 22:

22:1 1,

a sd 17 1: 8 02, 18 1: 3

da vance 9 01: 12 2: 3

vda e sr e 15:20

vda re emesit stn 5 3:

8 1: 2 1, 3 10:2 13:7 1, 2

13 02:

vda re it s gni 12 6: 13 3:

13 4:

vda isory 14 31: 02 3:

vda co a yc 5 1: 2 91, 8:9

8:9 1, 3 1, ,4 19 2, 2 2, 3

10:7 14:1,3 1, 5, 12

16 41: 17 1: 7 2, 1 2, 4

18 1: 4 21 2:

vda co ta e 4 2: 2 14:7

vda co nita g 6 1: ,2 02

9:5 1, 4

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gga r age ting 10 1: 5 42,

10 2: 5

erga e 18 1: 2

a il a 10 1: 7

ella ged 4 31:

ella ges 5 8: 14:1, 01 71,

25

hc a ell n eg d 15 1: 1 19:8

hc a ell n eg r 9 1: 8

hc a ell n eg s 5 1: 0 61,

16:9

hc a ell n nig g 5:8

Cha ebm r 3:2 6 52:

Ch ye e nn e 1 1: 3 1, 6 2, 4

Ch ol pak 1 1: 9 4:3 8,

22 2: 0 12, 23 4:

riC 3:4,8 1, 4

Ci cr uit 3 1: 2 11 51:

15 2: 2 16 42: 17 4:

19 2: 4 20 5:

Ci cr uit's 19 1: 9

CI OITAT N 3:1

itic ng 7 2: 4 2, 5 15 22:

18 2:

Citi ez sn 3:6 6 61: 7:5 8,

7 1: 2 1, 6, 71 2, 1 8 4:

16 22: 17 1: 5 19:3,6 1, 1

20 51:

iC v li 4: 21

c mial s 7 1: 6 8 52: 16:9

c al s is fic oita n 14 2: 0

clear 14 4:

clearly 6 31: 9:5,20

10:1,8 1, 2 13 2: 3 14:7

19 2: 0 22,

esolc 18 1: 6

clo es ly 16:2 lc ub

10 22:

oC de 6:6 7:7 1, 9 9 8:

10 1: 9 11:1 2, 3 12 2: 5

c emo s 4 1: 0

c nemmo st 12:9

cremmoC e 2:3 1:7

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3 1: 0 41, 4:5, ,9 51 6 1: 6

6 32: 8 1: 0 11 1: 5

20 2: 2 2, 5 21 1: 9 2, 5

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c ssimmo i eno rs 81 :20

immoC s ois n's 22:4

c immo t et e 5 1: 8 9 7:

10 1: 5 2, ,1 22 12 1: 0

13 1: 6 15 6: 20 2: 1 2, 4

21 1: 3 1, ,6 02

co imm t eet s 5 1: 11: 71

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c inummo c oita n 6 02:

9 1: 5 10:9 18 9: 19 02:

c inummo c oita sn 6 22:

7 1: 2 9: 32 13:16 1, 8

14:6 61,

c erapmo d 12 2: 0

c epmo tit oi n 20 1: 2

pmoC lai tn 5:2 02,

bas de 4 21: 19:1 20 1: 5

basis 20 32:

eb ha fl 4:7,8

B ne ja nim 1:17

be noy d 13:20 14:3

iB ll 9 91:

xoB 1 2: 3

br ni g 13:8

br ni sg 5:10

broad 5 21:

broa cd asting 13:2

Buc elk y 3:5 7 2: 4 8:4

11:6 14 9: 18 2: 4

20 1: 1 2, 2 21 71:

epmub r 1 :0 2

bu edr n 7 22: 16 71:

17 91:

bu edr sn 19 1: 2 1, 3

bu edr n mos e 5 31: 17:7

bylaws 4 52:

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C 20 1:

cal ne dar 10 1: 6 2, 4 11 1:

ca ll 22 42:

campa gi n 6:1 2, 8:9 71,

8 1: 8 2, 2 9:3 42, 1 :2 51

12 91: 17:7 21 2:

campa gi ns :5 24 6 5:

12 2: 0 17:9

campa gi n-re detal

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c idna d eta :6 ,9 11 1, 3 12,

7 4: 9:6,7 11:9 1, 0 1, 1

11 1: 4 13 2: 2 14:8

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c idna d eta s 5:1 6 8:

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12:3 13 1: 1 42,

c idna d ta e's 20 1: 0

Car et r 10 3:

c sa e 1:4 4 5: :6 14 7 61:

8 8: 19:7 1, 4

c sa se 18 61:

c sa e-by-c esa 12 21:

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c sa h 11 2: 0

Cas ep r 1:6 2:4

cast 9 1: 7

c eta g ro i lac 21: 12

c sua e 14:1 1, 7 2, 3 15:4

c lie ing 7 32: 16 1: 8 19:5

ce tr a ni 5:8 11:17 13 81:

18 1: 3

CE TR I ACIF ET 24:1

certify 24 4:

ec et ra 10:2

hc a ell n eg 7 81:

14 2: 3 15:4

ella g ni g 5 1: 1

olla w 20 1: 8

olla wance 20 1: 6

a retl 15 42:

emdnemA nt 5 9: 20 7:

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ame emdn nts 7 01:

amou tn 6 7: 10 1: 8 12 3:

17:1

ana ol g uo s 19 31:

anal sy si 8:6 9 1: 12 21:

12 1: 6 20 1: 5 21:9 2, 5

anal zy e 5 2: 1

anal zy ing 7 2: 0

ppa ea sl 12 81: 21 5:

ppa earance 6:3

SECNARAEPPA 1 11:

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lppa ci a lb e 5 2: 2 15 31:

16 1: 6

lppa ci oita n 14:6 42,

15 5:

lppa ied 5 1: 0 14 11:

15 11: 17 1: 8

lppa ies 14 51: 20: 3,2

ppa ly 1 :7 11

ppa l iy gn 14 21: 17 91:

18 71: 21:8, 42

ppa r cao h 20 52: 22 2:

ppa r rpo i ta e 17 1: 1

bra itra yr 14 2: 0

ra g eu s 16:6 emugra tn

16 1: 5 articu etal d 18:8

as es str 16:8

associated 8 12: 14 1: 9

associat ni g 15:1

associat oi n 4 1: 8 10 2: 2

AT 'YENROT S 1 2: 3

Austin 3 2: :6 25 7:6

au tamot ci a ll y 17 2: 1

evA nue 1 51:

wA ad 3:3 15 2: 1

aw nera ess 15:2

A-W-A-D 15 2: 1

a m. 1:5,5 23 6:

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19 2: 4 20:2

bac rgk o nu d 4 1: 7

balance 16:5

ba ll to 9 71:

ba kn 11 52:

Ba rr 1 1: 7 4:2,7 22 81:

22 1: 9 23 3:
13 1: 4 42, 14: ,9 14 1, 6

14 2: 2 15:2,8 20 1:

c lpmo ian ec 14 1: 9

c lpmo y 11 1: 7

c ylpmo ing 13 1: 7

c rpmo i es d 4 1: 9

con rec sn 6 1: 0

con ulc de 8 5: 23:6

con lc u ois n 7 1: 4 8 51:

16:1 20:4

conclu vis ely 18 1: 2

c no du tc 12 1: 2 1, 7 14 5:

21 1: 0

Co rgn ess 9 81:

c no g er s nams 9 1: 6

c no nec it on 13 1: 0

con dis erable 21 1: 5

con dis e itar on 14:13

con dis e nir g 12:8

con dis ers 20 2: 5

consi ts ne t 17 2: 3 22:4

co sn it ut te 19 1: 8

co sn it ut et d 18 1: 3

co sn it ut oit nal 4 1: 3,22

8:6 22:7,8

co sn it ut oit nal yti 5: 61

17 1: 4 19 61: 20 2: ,0 20

co sn it ut oit nal yl 4 12:

7 1: 7 14:5

co sn rt cu oit n 14:3

co tn a ni ing 10:7

co tn ai sn 19 2: 0

con et tx 9 2: 4

con et xtual 21 2: 3

con it nue 12 1: 0

con irt buted 10 1: 8

con irt but oi n 12 22:

13:2

con irt but oi ns 6 7:

10 2: 3 11:2 1, 2 17:8

19 1: 8 2, 1 20:1 61,

con irt buto sr 20:7

con rt ol 4 2: 4 11 9:

13 2: 2

con rt o ell d 11 11:

con rt o nill g 16:15 18:1

c oo r id nat oi n 9 6:

eroc 16:9

c ro porate 6 22: 7 7:

8 1: 2 1, 8 20 1: 6 1, 7

c ro porat oi n 7:3

c ro porat oi sn 6 1: 7 7 1: 0

c ro re tc 24:4

c ro rup oit n 6 3:

Co nu cil 3 1: 5 15 2: 3

c uo n es l 4 1:

truoc 1 1: 2 2: 4:1, ,4 4

4 1: 0 1, 4,16 6 1: 4 1, ,7 42

di er ctly :6 8

di bs u emesr stn 11 2: 1

d si remialc :7 81 2, 0 12,

8 5: 31 5: 1, 7 16 1: 6

d si remialc s 12:5

d si lc ose 11 2: 5

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27

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20 1: 9 21 2:

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mil ti at oi ns 6:7 19:9

mil i et d 4 2: 1 10 5: 11 2: 1

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l si nit g 9 2: 0

l ti lt e 18: 61

ol an 9 01: 21 :23

longstan nid g 12 01:

M

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N

nar ewor d 11:7

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28

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realistic lla y 14 32:

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4 71: 5:7,8, ,9 61 13:7

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22 91:

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r se rt ci nit g 8 1: 8 91,

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r se rt ci oit sn 7 7: 8 21:

19:9

r se rt ci vit e 20: 11

result ni g 6:4

revea el d 21 4:

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