III 

Calendar No. 42 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 119 

Recognizing the 202nd anniversary of the independence of Greece and 

celebrating democracy in Greece and the United States. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 23, 2023 

Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. BARRASSO, Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. 

DURBIN, Mr. RICKETTS, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. CRUZ, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Mr. 

HAGERTY, Mr. COONS, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. MURPHY, Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. 

KAINE, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, 

Mr. BRAUN, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mr. SCOTT of Florida, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, 

Ms. LUMMIS, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. REED, Mr. CARPER, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. 

BROWN, Mr. CASEY, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. BENNET, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, 

Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Ms. WARREN, Mr. PETERS, Ms. HASSAN, Ms. CORTEZ MASTO, Ms. ROSEN, Mr. KELLY, Mr. PADILLA, Mr. WARNOCK, and 

Mr. FETTERMAN) submitted the following resolution; which was referred 

to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

MAY 3, 2023 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, without amendment 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the 202nd anniversary of the independence of 

Greece and celebrating democracy in Greece and the 

United States. 

Whereas the people of ancient Greece developed the concept 

of democracy, in which the supreme power to govern was 

vested in the people; 


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Whereas the founding fathers of the United States, many of 

whom read Greek political philosophy in the original 

Greek language, drew heavily on the political experience 

and philosophy of ancient Greece in forming the representative democracy of the United States; 

Whereas Petros Mavromichalis, the former Commander in 

Chief of Greece and a founder of the modern Greek 

State, said to the citizens of the United States in 1821, 

‘‘It is in your land that liberty has fixed her abode and 

. . . in imitating you, we shall imitate our ancestors and 

be thought worthy of them if we succeed in resembling 

you.’’; 

Whereas, in an October 21, 1823, letter to Greek scholar 

Adamantios Koraes discussing the ongoing Greek struggle for independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote that ‘‘[n]o 

people sympathise more feelingly than ours with the 

sufferings of your countrymen, none offer more sincere 

and ardent prayers to heaven for their success’’; 

Whereas, on January 19, 1824, in a speech in support of his 

resolution to send an American envoy to Greece amid its 

struggle for independence, then-Congressman Daniel 

Webster recognized ‘‘the struggle of an interesting and 

gallant people . . . contending against fearful odds, for 

being, and for the common privilege of human nature’’; 

Whereas individual American Philhellenes, including future 

abolitionist Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, future abolitionist 

Jonathan Peckham Miller, and George Jarvis, traveled to 

Greece to fight alongside and provide aid to the Greek 

people in their struggle for independence; 

Whereas the people of the United States generously sent humanitarian assistance to the people of Greece during 


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their struggle for independence, often through philhellene 

committees; 

Whereas Greece heroically resisted Axis forces at a crucial 

moment in World War II, forcing Adolf Hitler to change 

his timeline and delaying the attack on Russia; 

Whereas Winston Churchill said that ‘‘if there had not been 

the virtue and courage of the Greeks, we do not know 

which the outcome of World War II would have been’’ 

and ‘‘no longer will we say that Greeks fight like heroes, 

but that heroes fight like Greeks’’; 

Whereas hundreds of thousands of Greeks were killed during 

World War II; 

Whereas Greece consistently allied with the United States in 

major international conflicts throughout its history as a 

modern State; 

Whereas the United States has demonstrated its support for 

the trilateral partnership of Greece, Israel, and Cyprus 

by enacting into law the Eastern Mediterranean Security 

and Energy Partnership Act of 2019 (title II of division 

J of Public Law 116–94) and through joint engagement 

with Greece, Israel, and Cyprus in the ‘‘3+1’’ format; 

Whereas this support was bolstered in the United StatesGreece Defense and Interparliamentary Partnership Act 

of 2021 (subtitle B of title XIII of Public Law 117–81), 

establishing a 3+1 Interparliamentary Group to discuss 

the expansion of co-operation in other areas of common 

concern; 

Whereas the United States and Greece’s commitment to security cooperation led to the conclusion of a Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement, which was updated in 


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2021, in order to enhance defense ties between the two 

countries and promote stability in the broader region; 

Whereas the ongoing United States-Greece Strategic Dialogue reflects Greece’s importance to the United States 

as a geostrategic partner, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkans, and as an important NATO ally; 

Whereas Secretary of State Antony Blinken traveled to 

Greece in February 2023, for the fourth United StatesGreece Strategic Dialogue and along with the Prime Minister of Greece, Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias reaffirmed the importance of the 

United States-Greece relationship and pledged to continue and increase cooperation based on shared values 

and interests; 

Whereas Greece and the United States have joined their 

democratic allies in standing in support of Ukraine following Russia’s unprovoked invasion and in December 

2022, Foreign Minister of Greece Nikos Dendias said 

Greece’s ‘‘support towards the territorial integrity and 

national sovereignty of Ukraine is principled and unwavering’’; 

Whereas the Government and people of Greece actively participate in peacekeeping and peace-building operations 

conducted by international organizations, including the 

United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 

the European Union, and the Organization for Security 

and Co-operation in Europe; 

Whereas Greece remains an integral part of the European 

Union; 


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Whereas the Greek-American community has greatly contributed to American society and has helped forge the strong 

ties between the United States and Greece; 

Whereas the Governments and people of Greece and the 

United States are at the forefront of efforts to advance 

freedom, democracy, peace, stability, and human rights; 

Whereas those efforts and similar ideals have forged a close 

bond between the peoples of Greece and the United 

States; and 

Whereas it is proper and desirable for the United States to 

celebrate March 25, 2023, Greek Independence Day, with 

the people of Greece and to reaffirm the democratic principles from which those two great countries were founded: 

Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) extends sincere congratulations and best 

3 wishes to the people of Greece as they celebrate the 

4 202nd anniversary of the independence of Greece; 

5 (2) expresses support for the principles of 

6 democratic governance to which the people of Greece 

7 are committed; 

8 (3) commends the Greek-American community 

9 for its contributions to the United States and its 

10 role as a bridge between the two countries; 

11 (4) notes the important role that Greece has 

12 played in the wider European region and in the com13 munity of nations since gaining its independence 

14 202 years ago; and 


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1 (5) commends Greece’s support for the people 

2 of Ukraine in their fight for freedom against Rus3 sian aggression. 


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Calendar No. 42 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 119 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the 202nd anniversary of the independGreece and the United States. ence of Greece and celebrating democracy in 

MAY 3, 2023 

Reported without amendment 


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