Illinois Official Reports 

Appellate Court

Engle v. Department of Financial & Professional Regulation,

2018 IL App (1st) 162602

Appellate Court 

Caption

ELIZABETH ENGLE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE DEPARTMENT 

OF FINANCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL REGULATION; THE 

REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL ADMINISTRATION AND 

DISCIPLINARY BOARD; BRYAN SCHNEIDER, in His Official 

Capacity as Secretary of the Illinois Department of Financial and 

Professional Regulation; and KREG ALLISON, in His Official 

Capacity as Acting Director of the Division of Real Estate of the 

Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, 

Defendants-Appellees.

District & No. First District, Fifth Division

Docket No. 1-16-2602

Filed March 23, 2018

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 16-CH-04243; the 

Hon. Sophia H. Hall, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Circuit court judgment reversed.

Board decision reversed and remanded. 

Counsel on

Appeal

Richardson Maraj (John Richardson, of counsel), and Alan Rhine, 

both of Chicago, for appellant.
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Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (David L. Franklin, 

Solicitor General, and Janon E. Fabiano, Assistant Attorney General, 

of counsel), for appellees.

Panel JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court, with 

opinion.

Presiding Justice Reyes and Justice Rochford concurred in the 

judgment and opinion. 

 OPINION 

¶ 1 Plaintiff Elizabeth Engle filed a complaint for administrative review, which challenged the 

final administrative decision that revoked her real estate appraiser license after a default order 

for failure to file an answer was entered against her and the disciplinary board held its 

deliberations on the pleadings. The circuit court affirmed the final administrative decision 

against Engle. 

¶ 2 On appeal, Engle argues that this court should reverse the administrative decision because 

she did not forfeit her right to a hearing and the agency violated her due process rights when it 

failed to consider and grant her timely motion to vacate the default order and denied her 

request to conduct a hearing on the merits. In the alternative, Engle argues that the revocation 

of her license based on the default order was improper without some type of prove-up 

proceeding and was an overly harsh penalty. 

¶ 3 Based on the following, we reverse the circuit court’s judgment that affirmed the final 

administrative decision revoking Engle’s license. We remand this cause to the agency for 

further proceedings consistent with this opinion. 

¶ 4 I. BACKGROUND 

¶ 5 In 2013, Engle submitted an application to defendant, the Department of Financial and 

Professional Regulation (Department), for a certified residential real estate appraiser license. 

The Department, however, notified her about alleged discrepancies in her 2013 application. 

Engle, with the assistance of an attorney, engaged in meetings and conversations with 

Department employees and thereafter withdrew her 2013 application. 

¶ 6 On September 11, 2014, Engle submitted another application and subsequently received 

her certified residential real estate appraiser license. However, on June 29, 2015, the 

Department filed a complaint containing 127 counts against her, alleging that she failed to 

sufficiently explain additional hours listed in her application, in violation of section 

15-10(a)(2) of the Real Estate Appraiser Licensing Act of 2002 (Act) (225 ILCS 

458/15-10(a)(2) (West 2014)) and her application included false information, in violation of 

sections 15-10(a)(1), (5), (10), and (26) of the Act (id. § 15-10(a)(1), (5), (10), (26)). 

¶ 7 Specifically, count I of the complaint alleged that Engle’s 2014 application included work 

log forms that requested credit for 779 additional experience hours earned between August 1, 
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2014, and September 10, 2014, but failed to provide a sufficient explanation for the additional 

requested hours. Furthermore, counts II through CXXVII alleged that Engle’s 2014 

application included false information because the certified number of hours worked for 126 

appraisals differed from the certified number of hours worked for those same appraisals as 

listed in her prior 2013 application. Based on the allegations of the complaint, the Department 

requested that Engle’s license be suspended or revoked or that she be otherwise disciplined. 

The Department notified Engle that she was required to file an answer within 20 days, the 

failure to file an answer or otherwise plead “may result in a default being taken against [her],” 

and her attendance at a July 28, 2015, preliminary hearing was mandatory. 

¶ 8 On July 17, 2015, Engle’s counsel, Augustine, Kern and Levens, Ltd. (AKL), filed a 

motion for extension of time, incorrectly referencing an August 4, 2015, preliminary hearing 

and explaining that Jeffrey Levens, the AKL partner who had been handling Engle’s case, died 

unexpectedly on July 6, 2015. On July 21, 2015, AKL partner Algis Augustine and junior 

associate James Ko filed appearances on behalf of Engle. 

¶ 9 On July 28, 2015, neither Engle nor her counsel appeared at the preliminary hearing. The 

administrative law judge (ALJ) ordered Engle to answer or otherwise plead by September 8, 

2015, or be held in default. The ALJ set the matter for a status hearing on September 29, 2015. 

The order warned that the “[f]ailure to attend or to file an answer shall result in the transferring 

of the matter to the Board on the pleadings, and the entry of a finding in favor of the 

Department on all allegations.” According to documents in the record subsequently filed by 

Engle’s counsel, they did not appear at the July 28 preliminary hearing because they requested 

but did not receive from the Department copies of all the pleadings and notices. 

¶ 10 On September 8, 2015, Engle’s counsel AKL filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. One 

of the attorneys who signed the motion was John Richardson, who was a partner of Richardson 

Maraj, LLC. (As explained in documents subsequently filed on Engle’s behalf, Richardson 

shared office space at AKL and helped after the death of Levens by working as “of counsel” on 

Engle’s case and many other AKL cases.) The motion argued that the complaint failed to 

allege any facts to support an inference that Engle acted knowingly and intentionally to 

deceive anyone. The motion explained that Engle withdrew her 2013 application because 

Department employees informed her that she (1) could not receive credit for 855 hours of 

appraisals where her supervisor did not sign those work logs before his death and (2) must 

report in her subsequent application the actual number of hours worked despite, according to 

Engle, contrary or confusing instructions on the Department’s forms, which indicated that 

applicants must cap their appraisal work hours at a maximum of either 10 or 15 hours. 

Accordingly, Engle had underreported her number of hours worked in her prior 2013 

application, and the certified number of hours worked in her 2014 application was correct and 

complied with the instructions of the Department’s employees. Several exhibits were attached 

to the motion, including correspondence between the Department and Engle or her attorneys, 

the minutes of a Department meeting, portions of Engle’s 2013 application, and her transcript 

and course completion certificates. The Department responded to the motion on September 15, 

and AKL filed a reply on September 29. 

¶ 11 On September 29, 2015, AKL filed a motion to disqualify the Department’s counsel, 

alleging that he was a necessary witness in this case. The ALJ set a schedule for the parties to 

file replies to the motion and continued the matter to December 1, 2015. 
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¶ 12 On October 14, 2015, the ALJ issued a written order denying Engle’s motion to dismiss the 

complaint. The ALJ rejected Engle’s argument that the complaint failed to allege sufficient 

facts to form a basis for discipline. The ALJ also ordered Engle to file her answer by November 

2, 2015, and set the matter for a status hearing on December 1, 2015. The October 14 order, 

unlike previously served documents, was addressed to Engle’s attorney Ko instead of the firm 

AKL. 

¶ 13 In early October 2015 (according to documents ultimately filed on Engle’s behalf), firm 

partner Augustine informed attorneys Richardson and Ko that he would retire and close the 

AKL firm at the end of the month. Richardson decided to purchase AKL’s pending practice. 

He moved to a new office space and hired new employees. During this time, Richardson and 

Ko tried to make the transition as smooth as possible and “get up to speed” with all the cases. 

¶ 14 On November 10, 2015, Richardson and Ko, now of Richardson Maraj, LLC, filed 

appearances on behalf of Engle. They did not file an answer or request an extension of time to 

answer. 

¶ 15 On November 19, 2015, the ALJ denied, without prejudice, Engle’s motion to disqualify 

opposing counsel. 

¶ 16 On December 1, 2015, the ALJ issued an order holding Engle in default for failure to file 

an answer and transferred the matter to defendant, the Department’s Real Estate Appraisal 

Administration and Disciplinary Board (Board), for its deliberations on the pleadings. The 

ALJ continued the matter for status to January 12, 2016. 

¶ 17 On January 11, 2016, Engle’s counsel filed a 118-page answer to the complaint and a 

motion to vacate the default. The motion petitioned the Department and the “Director of the 

Division of Real Estate” to vacate the default order. Counsel explained that AKL, Engle’s 

previous counsel, had closed after the retirement of partner Augustine on October 30, 2015, 

which followed the death in July of partner Levens. Counsel explained their attempts to make a 

smooth transition from AKL to Richardson Maraj, LLC, despite the difficult circumstances, 

and stressed the extensive pleadings already filed in this case by AKL. Counsel stated that they 

had been retained by Engle on November 1, 2015, and urged, in the spirit of fairness, that 

Engle’s license should not be lost due to an oversight by counsel during the transition from 

AKL to Richardson Maraj, LLC. 

¶ 18 On January 12, 2016, the ALJ issued an order that noted the case had been transferred to 

the Board on the pleadings and continued the matter for a status hearing on March 1, 2016. 

¶ 19 On January 13, 2016, the Board filed its report of findings of fact, conclusions of law, and 

recommendation that Engle’s license be revoked. Specifically, the Board noted the ALJ’s 

December 1, 2015, default order for failure to answer and concluded that Engle had violated 

the provisions of the Act as alleged in the complaint. The Board had signed its report on 

January 12, 2016, and did not mention therein Engle’s January 11 answer or motion to vacate 

the default order. 

¶ 20 On February 2, 2016, Engle’s counsel timely filed a motion to deny the Board’s 

recommendation and remand the matter to the ALJ for a hearing on the merits. The motion 

argued that Engle failed to meet the answer deadline due to the oversight of her former counsel, 

the now-defunct law firm AKL, because shortly after a partner’s death, the remaining AKL 

partner gave only one month’s notice before he retired and closed the firm on the last business 

day before the deadline to file Engle’s answer. Further, Engle, who was unaware of the answer 
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deadline through no fault of her own, hired current counsel 10 days after the deadline had 

expired. The motion summarized the procedural history of the case and the circumstances of 

Engle’s prior 2013 and current 2014 applications. The motion also briefly explained the

alleged facts showing Engle’s innocence of the charges against her and asked the Secretary not 

to impose the excessive and overly harsh penalty of revocation of Engle’s license because the 

answer deadline oversight was not her fault. 

¶ 21 On March 1, 2016, the ALJ issued an order that noted the case had been transferred to the 

Board on the pleadings and continued the matter for a status hearing on April 19, 2016. 

¶ 22 On March 8, 2016, the Secretary of the Department’s Division of Real Estate issued a final 

order that (1) denied Engle’s motion to deny the Board’s recommended license revocation 

penalty and to remand the case to the ALJ for a hearing and (2) revoked Engle’s license. The 

Secretary stated that Engle’s motion seemed to be based on her personal view that the license 

revocation was excessive and overly harsh and that she must be afforded an opportunity to 

present a defense to the allegations. The Secretary also stated that Engle was represented by 

counsel throughout the proceedings, had more than four months to answer the complaint, and 

had a fair opportunity and generous amount of time to present a defense. According to the 

Secretary, “[i]t was well within [Engle’s] control to follow the rules of procedure applicable to 

disciplinary proceedings before the Department and, therefore to ‘have her day in court.’ ” The 

Secretary concluded that the Board’s recommendation was consistent with the discipline 

imposed in prior similar cases and found that a remand for a hearing was not warranted for a 

clearer understanding of the issues and that substantial justice was done in this case. Although 

the final order acknowledged that the Board had considered the matter on the pleadings 

pursuant to the ALJ’s December 1, 2015, default order and that Engle’s counsel had filed a 

motion to vacate that default order on January 11, 2016, the final order did not address the 

motion to vacate. There is no indication in the record that Engle’s January 11 motion to vacate 

was considered or decided by the ALJ, the Board, or the Secretary. 

¶ 23 Engle timely filed in the circuit court a complaint for administrative review and argued that 

her due process rights were violated when her license was revoked based on a default order 

rather than a hearing on the merits. Engle also argued that her failure to file an answer by the 

November 2, 2015, deadline was due to unforeseen and unavoidable circumstances, i.e., the 

death of her initial attorney in July 2015, the retirement of the remaining partner and closing of 

the AKL law firm on October 30, 2015, and the answer deadline oversight during the difficult 

transition of AKL’s pending cases to the successor law firm. 

¶ 24 The circuit court affirmed the final administrative decision revoking Engle’s license, and 

she timely appealed. 

¶ 25 II. ANALYSIS 

¶ 26 Engle challenges the Department’s decision to revoke her license on the grounds that 

(1) she was deprived of her due process right to a hearing, which she did not forfeit, (2) her 

motion to vacate the ALJ’s default order should have been considered and granted, (3) the 

Board should have held a hearing to establish a factual basis for its findings and recommended 

sanction of license revocation, and (4) the Department failed to establish that the revocation of 

Engle’s license was consistent with the discipline imposed in prior cases. 
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¶ 27 A. Standard of Review 

¶ 28 The Department’s final decisions issued under the Act are subject to judicial review 

pursuant to section 3-101 et seq. of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/3-101 

et seq. (West 2014)), which is commonly referred to as the Administrative Review Law. 225 

ILCS 458/15-20(a) (West 2014). On administrative review, this court “reviews the 

administrative agency’s final decision, not the circuit court’s decision. [Citations.]” Sloper v. 

City of Chicago, Department of Administrative Hearings, 2014 IL App (1st) 140712, ¶ 15. The 

plaintiff seeking administrative review bears the burden of proof. Marconi v. Chicago Heights 

Police Pension Board, 225 Ill. 2d 497, 532-33 (2006). 

¶ 29 The applicable standard of review depends on whether the question presented is one of 

fact, one of law, or a mixed question of fact and law. Kouzoukas v. Retirement Board of the 

Policemen’s Annuity & Benefit Fund, 234 Ill. 2d 446, 463 (2009). An administrative agency’s 

decision on a question of law is not binding on a reviewing court and is subject to de novo

review. Wolin v. Department of Financial & Professional Regulation, 2012 IL App (1st) 

112113, ¶ 19. However, an agency’s interpretation of a statute remains relevant where there is 

a reasonable debate about the meaning of the statute. Board of Education of the City of 

Chicago v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 2015 IL 118043, ¶ 15.

¶ 30 In contrast, an agency’s findings and conclusions on questions of fact are held to be 

prima facie true and correct. Id. “[W]hen a court reviews an agency’s factual findings, the 

court will not reweigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for that of the agency. Rather, the 

court simply determines whether the findings of fact are against the manifest weight of the 

evidence.” Id. An agency’s finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the 

opposite conclusion is clearly evident. Windsor Clothing Store v. Castro, 2015 IL App (1st) 

142999, ¶ 26. “The mere fact that an opposite conclusion is reasonable or that the reviewing 

court might have ruled differently will not justify reversal of the administrative findings.” 

Abrahamson v. Illinois Department of Professional Regulation, 153 Ill. 2d 76, 88 (1992). 

¶ 31 Mixed questions of law and fact are reversible if they are clearly erroneous. Windsor 

Clothing Store, 2015 IL App (1st) 142999, ¶ 26. A mixed question of law and fact asks 

whether an undisputed rule of law as applied to established facts is or is not violated. Board of 

Education of the City of Chicago, 2015 IL 118043, ¶ 16. An agency’s decision “is ‘clearly 

erroneous’ when the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake 

has been committed.” Id. 

¶ 32 “Even if the administrative decision is determined to be correct under the foregoing 

standards of review, the discipline imposed by the agency may still be reversed if it is found to 

constitute an abuse of discretion.” Kazmi v. Department of Financial & Professional 

Regulation, 2014 IL App (1st) 130959, ¶ 21. “A sanction will be found to be an abuse of 

discretion if it is arbitrary and capricious, or if the sanction is overly harsh in view of the 

mitigating circumstances.” Id. Nevertheless, an administrative agency’s decision regarding the 

appropriate sanction to administer to protect the public is given deference by reviewing courts. 

Abrahamson, 153 Ill. 2d at 99. 

¶ 33 B. The Parties’ Arguments

¶ 34 Engle argues that the Department’s revocation of her license without a hearing violated due 

process because she did not forfeit her right to a hearing. Specifically, Engle argues that even 

though her January 11, 2016, answer was not filed by the November 2, 2015, deadline set by 
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the ALJ, her answer was filed before the Board signed, on January 12, 2016, its report 

recommending the revocation of her license and before the final administrative decision was 

issued on March 8, 2016. Furthermore, when Engle filed her answer, which responded to the 

127-count complaint and presented a meritorious defense to the allegations against her, she 

also filed a motion to vacate the ALJ’s December 1, 2015, order that held her in default. 

¶ 35 Her motion to vacate explained that the answer deadline was missed as a result of counsel’s 

oversight during the chaotic circumstances under which the AKL law firm, after a partner’s 

unexpected death in July 2015, closed abruptly on Friday, October 30, 2015, just before 

Engle’s answer was due the following Monday. The chaotic circumstances included the 

transfer of AKL’s pending cases to the firm of Engle’s current counsel, which was moving into 

a new office space and hiring staff. Nevertheless, Engle argued that current counsel quickly 

and carefully answered the 127-count complaint against her shortly after the December and 

New Year holiday season. Engle also argued that the March 2016 final decision was a default 

judgment against her, and defendants improperly ignored her timely motion to vacate the 

ALJ’s December 2015, default order and rushed to issue the drastic March 2016 default 

judgment revoking her license despite her showing of good cause to allow her answer to be 

filed in January 2016 and despite the absence of hardship on the Department to hold a hearing 

on the merits. 

¶ 36 Engle also argues, without waiving her arguments about the impropriety of the default 

judgment, that when the Board proceeded on the ALJ’s default order, the Board improperly 

issued its report by considering only the allegations of the complaint and failing to conduct any 

type of prove-up hearing to establish a factual basis for its findings and recommended sanction. 

Finally, Engle argues that the Department improperly imposed the overly harsh discipline of 

revocation of her license without stating the reasons for its decision and, thus, this court cannot 

determine whether the discipline imposed on Engle was consistent with the discipline imposed 

in prior cases. 

¶ 37 In response, defendants argue that the final decision finding Engle in default and revoking 

her license was neither an abuse of discretion nor contrary to law. Defendants contend that the 

final decision was consistent with the statutory provisions governing disciplinary proceedings. 

Furthermore, Engle was granted an ample opportunity to file an answer but did not do so 

within the allotted time, did not file a motion to extend the November 2, 2015, answer 

deadline, and did not provide any reasonable excuse for her failure to comply with that 

deadline. Also, defendants assert that Engle failed to show she acted diligently after the ALJ’s 

December 1, 2015, order held her in default because almost six weeks elapsed before she filed, 

on January 11, 2016, her answer and motion to vacate the default order. 

¶ 38 In addition, defendants allege that Engle failed to comply with the Act and the 

Department’s rules because her January 11 answer was not verified and her February 2, 2016, 

motion, which asked the Secretary to deny the Board’s recommendation and to remand the 

matter for a hearing on the merits, did not include an affidavit to support alleged facts that were 

not part of the record. Notwithstanding these alleged deficiencies, defendants argue that 

Engle’s assertions in her February 2 motion do not show that she, due to circumstances beyond 

her control, could not comply with the rules and orders governing her disciplinary proceeding. 

Finally, defendants argue that the revocation of Engle’s license was not an abuse of discretion 

because it was reasonable, was not arbitrary, and was related to the Act’s purpose to prevent 

injury to the public by ensuring that the real estate appraiser occupation is practiced with 
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competence, honesty, and integrity. Specifically, defendants assert that, pursuant to the ALJ’s 

December 2015, default order, the complaint allegations against Engle—i.e., she failed to 

sufficiently explain appraisal experience work hours in her work log and provided false 

information in her application—were deemed admitted and, thus, she was not qualified to 

receive an appraiser license. 

¶ 39 C. The Agency’s Procedures

¶ 40 First, we address de novo whether the administrative proceeding violated Engle’s right to 

due process. See Sudzus v. Department of Employment Security, 393 Ill. App. 3d 814, 824 

(2009). 

¶ 41 Here, there is no dispute that (1) Engle had notice of the complaint, (2) the ALJ’s October 

14, 2015, order—which denied Engle’s motion to dismiss the complaint and ordered her to file 

an answer by November 2, 2015—was sent to the address of her counsel of record, (3) neither 

Engle nor her counsel filed an answer or motion for an extension of time by the November 2 

deadline, and (4) the ALJ had the authority to issue the December 2015, order that held Engle 

in default and transferred the matter to the Board for its consideration on the pleadings only. 

Generally, procedures similar to the answer deadline and default provisions at issue here have 

been found to provide adequate constitutional due process safeguards. See Glassworks, Inc. v. 

Human Rights Comm’n, 164 Ill. App. 3d 842, 850 (1987). However, we find that the agency’s 

handling of Engle’s late answer, motion to vacate the ALJ’s December 2015 default order, and 

motion to deny the Board’s recommendation and to remand for a hearing (both of which 

motions were not in any way time barred) is at variance with certain agency rules or procedures 

concerning answers, defaults, and motions. These discrepancies compel our conclusion that 

Engle was denied due process. 

¶ 42 A professional license constitutes a property interest entitled to due process protection 

(Smith v. Department of Registration & Education, 412 Ill. 332, 341 (1952)), and due process 

standards apply to proceedings to revoke a professional license (Bruns v. Department of 

Registration & Education, 59 Ill. App. 3d 872, 876 (1978)). 

¶ 43 “[A]n administrative proceeding is governed by the fundamental principles and 

requirements of due process of law. However, due process is a flexible concept and requires 

only such procedural protections as fundamental principles of justice and the particular 

situation demand.” Abrahamson, 153 Ill. 2d at 92. “An administrative hearing comports with 

due process where the parties are given the opportunity to be heard, the right to cross-examine 

adverse witnesses and an impartial ruling based on the evidence.” Gonzalez v. Pollution 

Control Board, 2011 IL App (1st) 093021, ¶ 42. A court will find a due process violation only 

if there is a showing of prejudice. Id. A claim that an administrative proceeding violated an 

individual’s right to due process presents a question of law and therefore is subject to de novo

review. Sudzus, 393 Ill. App. 3d at 824. 

¶ 44 Relevant to this appeal, the Act provides that when the Department commences a 

disciplinary proceeding by issuing a complaint, the Department must notify the licensee that 

the failure to file an answer will result in a default being entered against the licensee. 225 ILCS 

458/15-15(b) (West 2014). “If the licensee *** fails to file an answer after service of notice, 

*** her license may, at the discretion of the Department, be suspended, revoked, or placed on 

probationary status and the Department may take whatever disciplinary action it deems proper, 

including limiting the scope, nature, or extent of the person’s practice, without a hearing.” Id.
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“At the time and place fixed in the notice, the Board shall conduct [a] hearing of the charges, 

providing both the accused person and the complainant ample opportunity to present in person 

or by counsel such statements, testimony, evidence, and argument as may be pertinent to the 

charges or to a defense thereto.” Id. § 15-15(c). When the Board’s report of its proposed

findings, conclusions, and recommendation to the Secretary is served on the licensee, the 

licensee has 20 days to present the Secretary with a written motion for “either a rehearing, a 

proposed finding of fact, a conclusion of law, or an alternative sanction, and shall specify the 

particular grounds for the request.” Id. § 15-15(d). 

¶ 45 “If the Secretary is not satisfied that substantial justice has been done, the Secretary may 

order a rehearing by the Board or other special committee appointed by the Secretary, may 

remand the matter to the Board for its reconsideration of the matter based on the pleadings and 

evidence presented to the Board, or may enter a final order in contravention of the Board’s 

recommendation.” Id. The Secretary has the authority to appoint a licensed Illinois attorney to 

serve as the hearing officer in any action to suspend, revoke the license of, or otherwise 

discipline any licensee, and the hearing officer shall have full authority to conduct the hearing. 

Id. § 15-15(h). The Act expressly adopted and incorporated the Illinois Administrative 

Procedure Act (Procedure Act) (5 ILCS 100/1-1 et seq. (West 2014)), but the Act shall control 

over any conflict between it and the Procedure Act. 225 ILCS 458/15-20(c) (West 2014). 

¶ 46 Relevant to this appeal, the Procedure Act provides that an agency’s rules establishing 

procedures may include default procedures (5 ILCS 100/10-10 (West 2014)), all parties in a 

contested case shall be afforded an opportunity for a hearing after reasonable notice (id.

§ 10-25(a)), all parties shall be afforded an opportunity to be represented by legal counsel and 

to respond and present evidence and argument (id. § 10-25(b)), and, unless precluded by law, 

disposition of any contested case may be made by default (id. § 10-25(c)). In a contested case, 

when a majority of the agency officials who are to render the final decision has not heard the 

case or read the record and the decision is adverse to the non-agency party, the final decision 

shall not be made until a proposed decision is served on the parties and the adversely affected 

party is afforded an opportunity to file exceptions and to present a brief and, if the agency 

permits, oral argument to the agency officials who are to render the decision. Id. § 10-45. An 

agency’s decision in a contested case shall be void unless the proceedings are conducted in 

compliance with the provisions of the Act, except to the extent the agency has adopted its own 

rules for contested cases. Id. § 10-50(c). 

¶ 47 The rules adopted by the Department for administrative proceedings provide, inter alia, 

that the failure to appear at a scheduled hearing is deemed a waiver of the right to present 

evidence and, after the Department presents an offer of proof that the licensee was given 

proper notice, the Board shall make its recommendation. 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.100 (2014). 

The licensee shall file a written answer within 10 days of the filing of the complaint; if a 

hearing officer issues “a [n]otice to plead or be held in default” and the licensee does not file an 

answer or other responsive pleading by the designated deadline, then the licensee “will be held 

in default.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.120(a), (c) (2014). 

¶ 48 The Department also adopted rules as to motions. “Motions will be made in writing, unless 

otherwise allowed by the [Board], hearing officer or Director during the course of a hearing.” 

68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.210(a) (2014). Allowed written motions include requesting dismissal 

of a complaint for failure to state facts which, if true, would form a sufficient basis for 

discipline; requesting a continuance or extension of time to comply with any provision of the 
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rules; requesting an order granting a rehearing or additional hearings; requesting an order that 

the Board or hearing officer deem a failure to file an answer to be an admission of the truth of 

the allegations contained in the complaint; and requesting that an order be vacated or modified. 

Id. “When any motion is filed, the [Board], hearing officer or Director may allow oral 

argument if this is deemed necessary to a fuller understanding of the issues presented. Where 

facts are alleged as a basis for the request, which are not a part of the record in the case, an 

affidavit will be attached to the motion setting forth such facts.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.210(b) 

(2014). 

¶ 49 “Where a [Board] or hearing officer grants any motion which would dispose of the case, it 

shall first afford the parties an opportunity to cure the defects in pleading or proof, and the 

ruling will be construed as a recommendation, rather than as a final agency decision; in such a 

case a [Board] Report setting forth the ruling, the reasons therefore, and the effect of the ruling 

will be forwarded to the Director.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.240(k) (2014). Finally, the 

“Director may grant variances from these rules in individual cases where he finds that: 1) The 

provision from which the variance is granted is not statutorily mandated; 2) No party will be 

injured by the granting of the variance; 3) The rule from which the variance is granted would, 

in the particular case, be unreasonable or unnecessarily burdensome.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 

1110.270(a) (2014). 

¶ 50 D. Due Process and Defaults 

¶ 51 Although the Act and the agency’s rules provide that the failure to file an answer will result 

in a respondent being held in default (225 ILCS 458/15-15(b) (West 2014); 68 Ill. Adm. Code 

1110.120(c) (2014)), a “default order is not the same as a default judgment” (In re Haley D., 

2011 IL 110886, ¶ 64). “A default order precedes a default judgment, and additional steps must 

normally be taken before judgment is actually entered.” Id. (the mere finding of a default is not 

final and does not even qualify as an immediately appealable interlocutory order). 

¶ 52 Furthermore, the agency’s rules permit motions requesting an extension of time to comply 

with rule provisions, requesting a rehearing or additional hearing, and requesting that an order 

be vacated or modified. 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.210(a) (2014). There is no limitation in the 

rules that prevents a party from filing these types of motions at any time prior to the issuance of 

the agency’s final decision, and the rules indicate that either the ALJ, the Board, or the Director 

has the authority to rule on such motions depending on the phase of the proceedings at the time 

a particular motion had been filed. See 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.170(a), (c), 1110.210(b), 

1110.240(k), 1110.270(a) (2014). 

¶ 53 Consequently, Engle’s January 11, 2016, motion to vacate the ALJ’s December 2015 

default order was not time barred and was permissible even though the ALJ already had 

transferred the case to the Board for its deliberations on the pleadings. Furthermore, there is no 

indication in the record that the ALJ and Board were aware of Engle’s January 11 late answer 

and motion to vacate the ALJ’s default order before the Board signed its report on January 12 

and filed it on January 13. Although the agency’s March 8, 2016, final order mentioned that 

Engle had filed the January 11 motion to vacate, the final order did not discuss or decide that 

motion. There is no indication in the record that Engle’s January 11 motion to vacate the 

default order was considered or decided by the ALJ, the Board, or the Director on behalf of the 

Secretary. 
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¶ 54 In addition, there is no indication in the record that defendants, consistent with the 

agency’s rules, filed a motion to request that the Board or ALJ deem Engle’s failure to file a 

timely answer to be an admission of the truth of the allegations contained in the agency’s 

complaint. See 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.210(a)(9) (2014); see also Dimensions Medical Center, 

Ltd. v. Elmhurst Outpatient Surgery Center, L.L.C., 307 Ill. App. 3d 781, 798 (1999) (an 

agency cannot ignore its own regulations in issuing a decision). This omission is significant 

because the Department had the burden of proof and the Board may make a discipline 

recommendation “only where the Department establishes by clear and convincing evidence 

that the allegations of the Complaint are true.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.190(a) (2014). 

Furthermore, neither the ALJ’s October 14, 2015, order setting the answer deadline nor the 

ALJ’s December 1, 2015, order holding Engle in default indicated that her failure to timely 

answer resulted in her admission of the truth of the allegations against her. Although 

defendants argue that the ALJ’s July 28, 2015, order had warned Engle that her failure to 

answer or otherwise plead by September 8, 2015, would result in a default order and “the entry 

of a finding in favor of the Department on all allegations,” the record establishes that Engle did 

“otherwise plead” by filing her motion to dismiss the complaint by that September 8 deadline. 

¶ 55 Regarding defaults, this court has held that there is no due process violation in an 

administrative agency proceeding where the negligence or intentional conduct of a party 

results in the entry of a default judgment against the party. Wolin, 2012 IL App (1st) 112113, 

¶¶ 28, 48 (no due process violation where the agency found the respondent physician in default 

because he had forfeited his right to a hearing when he refused to comply with the agency’s 

multiple orders to produce medical records that were subject to valid record-release 

authorizations); Metz v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 231 Ill. App. 3d 1079, 1086, 

1093 (1992) (no due process violation where the respondent filed a late answer, the ALJ gave 

the respondent an opportunity to respond to the charging party’s motion for default, and then 

the agency strictly enforced its regulation that the failure to file a timely answer resulted in the 

respondent’s admission of the allegations in the complaint); Glassworks, 164 Ill. App. 3d at 

849-50 (no due process violation where the default judgment was entered against the 

uncooperative respondent company for failure to comply, without good cause, with reasonable 

procedural rules—i.e., the respondent’s officers failed to appear at the scheduled fact-finding 

conference because they were on vacation—and the respondent was afforded review 

concerning the propriety of the default order). 

¶ 56 However, unlike the defaulted parties in Wolin, Metz, and Glassworks, Engle did not 

receive either multiple opportunities to comply with the order that eventually led to the default, 

or an opportunity to respond to any motion for default or request that her failure to timely file 

an answer be deemed an admission of the truth of the allegations contained in the complaint. 

Moreover, she was not afforded review concerning the propriety of the default order. Also, 

Engle did not fail to appear at a scheduled hearing; rather, a hearing on the merits was never 

scheduled because the agency issued a default judgment against her despite her pending 

motion to vacate the ALJ’s default order. 

¶ 57 In addition, Engle alleged the existence of good cause to explain her failure to file a timely 

answer. Specifically, she alleged that her failure to file her answer by the November 2 deadline 

was not due to her intentional conduct but rather was due to an unintentional oversight by her 

counsel during chaotic circumstances involving the transition of pending cases from the 

abruptly closed AKL law firm to Engle’s current counsel. Engle alleged that the chaotic 
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transition period between the law firms occurred at the same time as her November 2 answer 

deadline and the ALJ’s December 1 default order. Furthermore, the record establishes that 

Engle had actively participated in the proceedings before the alleged chaotic period that 

resulted in the default order, where she had filed a motion to dismiss the agency’s complaint, a 

reply to the agency’s response, and a motion to disqualify the Department’s counsel. She also 

alleged that her 118-page January 11 answer thoroughly responded to the agency’s 127-count 

complaint. 

¶ 58 We reject defendants’ argument that Engle’s January 11 answer and motion to vacate and 

her February 2 motion to deny the Board’s recommendation and to remand for a hearing 

should not be considered because those documents do not comply with the Act or the agency’s 

rules. Specifically, defendants state that Engle’s answer was not verified (see 225 ILCS 

458/15-15(b) (West 2014)) and her motions lacked affidavits setting forth the alleged facts 

about counsel’s unintentional oversight resulting in the default order (see 68 Ill. Adm. Code 

1110.210(b) (2014)). The Act and rules do not indicate that these technical deficiencies in 

pleadings or motions shall serve either as grounds for a default order or a basis to ignore a 

motion to vacate a default order. To the contrary, the rules provide that if the Board or ALJ 

grants any motion that would dispose of the case, “it shall first afford the parties an opportunity 

to cure the defects in pleading or proof.” 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.240(k) (2014). Also, the 

Director has discretion to grant variances from the rules in individual cases when the variance 

will not injure any party and the application of the rule in the particular case would be 

unreasonable or unnecessarily burdensome. 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1110.270 (2014). Given the 

severity of the recommended discipline of license revocation at issue in this case, Engle should 

have been allowed to cure any technical defect in her answer or motion to vacate with the 

appropriate verification or affidavit. 

¶ 59 In evaluating a due process claim, courts should consider (1) the private interest that will 

be affected by the official agency action, (2) the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such 

interest and the value, if any, of any additional or substitute procedural safeguards, and (3) the 

agency’s interest, including the administrative burdens that any additional or substitute 

procedural safeguards would entail. People ex rel. Birkett v. Konetski, 233 Ill. 2d 185, 201 

(2009). Engle’s license was a property right within the meaning of the constitutional 

guarantees of due process of law (Smith, 412 Ill. at 341), and there was a significant risk that 

her license may have been revoked erroneously. Specifically, Engle filed a detailed and 

lengthy, albeit late, answer alleging facts showing a meritorious defense to the many 

allegations against her. However, no fact-finding hearing was held, and defendants issued a 

default judgment against her without fully complying with the agency’s rules about 

considering and adjudicating motions to vacate orders and, in situations involving default 

orders, obtaining a ruling deeming a licensee’s failure to file a timely answer to be an 

admission of the truth of the allegations contained in the agency’s complaint. Finally, the 

agency’s interest in protecting the public by ensuring that licensed appraisers are competent 

and honest is substantial, but allowing Engle to present evidence and cross-examine witnesses 

at a hearing does not impose any additional procedures that would increase the agency’s 

administrative and fiscal burdens. This is not a matter where defendants had expended time 

and resources to prepare for and attend a scheduled hearing on the merits but the licensee failed 

to appear and avail herself of that opportunity to refute the allegations against her. 
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¶ 60 Accordingly, we find that Engle was denied due process where (1) she filed a motion to 

vacate the default order, which was not time barred and was allowed under the agency’s rules, 

but neither the Board nor the Director on behalf of the Secretary nor an ALJ considered or 

decided that motion; (2) the Department, after the ALJ had held Engle in default, did not file a 

written motion to request that the Board or ALJ deem Engle’s failure to file a timely answer to 

be an admission of the truth of the allegations against her; and (3) no ruling deeming the 

allegations admitted was made until, arguably, the agency’s final order, which had the effect of 

a default judgment but was issued despite Engle’s pending motion to vacate the default order. 

¶ 61 E. The Agency’s Discretion to Hold a Hearing

¶ 62 Next, we address Engle’s claim that the agency’s final decision to revoke her license and 

deny her request to remand for a hearing before the ALJ was an abuse of discretion and failed 

to satisfy the accomplishment of substantial justice under the circumstances of this case. 

¶ 63 According to the Act and Department rules, after the Board issues its report, a licensee may 

file a motion for a rehearing or additional hearings, a proposed finding of fact, a conclusion of 

law, or an alternative sanction. 225 ILCS 458/15-15(d) (West 2014); 68 Ill. Adm. Code 

1110.240(g) (2014). When considering such a motion, if the Director determines that 

substantial justice has not been done, the Director shall order a rehearing. 225 ILCS 

458/15-15(d) (West 2014). An abuse of discretion occurs when the decision is arbitrary or 

capricious or no reasonable person would agree with it. Windsor Clothing Store, 2015 IL App 

(1st) 142999, ¶ 48. “A decision is arbitrary and capricious if it contravenes legislative intent, 

fails to consider a critical aspect of the matter, or offers an explanation so implausible it cannot 

be considered an exercise of the agency’s expertise.” Id. In determining whether there has been 

an abuse of discretion, this court may not substitute its judgment for that of the agency or even 

determine whether the agency exercised its discretion wisely. Id. 

¶ 64 In rejecting Engle’s motion to deny the Board’s recommendation and to remand for a 

rehearing, the Director, on behalf of the Secretary, found that substantial justice was done in 

this case because Engle “had ample opportunity to present a defense in this matter” where she 

had over four months within which to file an answer to the complaint but instead had filed 

motions and then filed her late answer six weeks after the ALJ had held her in default. The 

Director also stated that “it was well within [Engle’s] control to follow the rules of procedure 

applicable to disciplinary proceedings,” so she could not “now complain that her ‘license 

should not be lost due to oversight’ ” because her failure to comply with the rules had cost her 

“her day in court.” Furthermore, the Director stated that Engle “was represented by counsel 

throughout the course of the proceedings before the Department.” 

¶ 65 We find that the decision to deny Engle’s request to remand for a hearing on the merits was 

an abuse of discretion under the particular circumstances of this matter. The Director’s 

decision asserted that Engle had “more than four months” to answer the Department’s June 29, 

2015, complaint and criticized her use of that time to move the ALJ to dismiss the complaint 

and disqualify the agency’s counsel. However, the agency’s rules and the ALJ permitted Engle 

to file her motion to dismiss the complaint in lieu of her answer, and we find no reason to 

penalize her for exercising that option. Consequently, when the ALJ denied Engle’s motion to 

dismiss on October 14, 2015, she only had about two weeks—not four months—to file her 

answer by the November 2, 2015, deadline. 
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¶ 66 Furthermore, the Director failed to consider certain critical aspects of this matter. As 

discussed in detail above, defendants failed to consider and adjudicate Engle’s motion to 

vacate the ALJ’s default order, which was properly filed pursuant to the agency’s rules, and 

there was no ruling that deemed Engle’s failure to file a timely answer to be an admission of 

the truth of the allegations against her. In addition, both Engle’s motion to vacate the default 

order and motion to deny the Board’s recommendation and to remand for a hearing alleged the 

existence of good cause to explain the “chaotic circumstances” that caused Engle’s counsel to 

miss the answer deadline due to inadvertent oversight. Under Engle’s alleged facts showing 

good cause, it was unreasonable to conclude that she was actually or sufficiently represented 

by counsel during the chaotic period when cases were being transferred to the successor law 

firm and that the failure to file an answer by the November 2 deadline was a matter well within 

her control. 

¶ 67 We conclude that the Director’s decision denying Engle’s motion to remand the matter to 

the ALJ for a hearing on the merits was an abuse of discretion. 

¶ 68 III. CONCLUSION 

¶ 69 Because we hold that (1) the agency’s proceeding denied Engle’s right to due process and 

(2) the Director abused his discretion when he denied Engle’s motion to deny the Board’s 

recommendation and to remand the matter to the ALJ for a hearing, we need not consider 

Engle’s arguments that (3) the revocation of her license was improper without some type of 

prove-up proceeding and (4) the final decision failed to establish that the discipline imposed on 

her was consistent with prior cases. 

¶ 70 Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court that affirmed the agency’s final 

decision, which revoked Engle’s license and denied her motion to deny the Board’s 

recommendation and to remand the case to the ALJ for a hearing. We remand this matter to the 

agency for a hearing on the allegations of the Department’s complaint.

¶ 71 Circuit court judgment reversed. 

¶ 72 Board decision reversed and remanded.