# T RENDS IN THE 

# U.S. P ET 

# F OOD 

# I NDUSTRY 

# : T HE 

# P OTENTIAL FOR 

# A LASKA 

# S EAFOOD 

# P RODUCTS

Deborah McBride, Principal Investigator Office of Fisheries Development January 3, 2003Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 2 

### T ABLE OF 

### C ONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................. ................................................... ................................................... .....2

INTRODUCTION....................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............3

DOGGY DEMOGRAPHICS................................. ................................................... ..................................................4
U NITED S TATES

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... .. 4 E XPORT M

ARKETS

................................................... ................................................... ................................................ 4
PET OWNER PERSPECTIVE.............................. ................................................... .................................................6
P ET O WNERSHIP

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... . 6 I NCOME

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................ 6 P ET D IETS

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............ 7 P ET S NACKS

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ........ 8 O MEGA -3 FATTY ACIDS

................................................... ................................................... ........................................ 9
EXPORT MARKET...................................... ................................................... ................................................... ........10
E XPORT GROWTH

................................................... ................................................... ................................................ 10 JAPAN

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................. 10 M EXICO

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............. 11 C ANADA

................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............ 11
CONCLUSION......................................... ................................................... ................................................... ..............13
R EFERENCES :..................................................
................................................... ................................................... ..... 14Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

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### I NTRODUCTION The U.S. pet food industry is a $30 billion business. Bolster ed by growing numbers of domestic and foreign pet populations, industry figu res place average annual growth from 1994 through 2003 at over 9%. 1 Concerns among pet owners in the 1990s about the nutrition an d health of their dogs and cats led to a trend toward premium, healthy pet foo ds and treats. This has translated into a growing market for specialty pet products in the U. S. and around the world. Research indicates today’s pet owners are frustrate d by the quality of many pet foods and attracted by the benefits of the omega-3 fatty acid s found in fish oils. Alaska seafood based pet products may provide the type of alternative pe t food sought by conscientious pet owners. Alaska provides an abundance of seafood by -products ideal for pet food. The flesh of chum salmon caught for roe, for example, is unpalatable to humans, but the State of Alaska requires full utilization of the material on ce harvested. Such inexpensive protein makes an ideal and abundant pet food ingredient. I f properly developed and marketed, Alaska seafood not directed towards human consumpti on may provide a healthy, valuable pet food alternative.

1 American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, I nc., 2002, www.appma.org.Trends: Pet Food Industry

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Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 4 Figure 1 American Veterinary Medical Ass. 

### D OGGY 

### D EMOGRAPHICS
United States The U.S. pet population is on the rise



### . In 1991, U.S. residents owned 52.5 million dogs; five years later, the dog population had grown slightly to just under 53 million. By the end of the decade, the number of dogs had risen to 60 million. Cat population levels climbed similarly from 57 million in 1991 to 59.1 million in 1996 to nearly 70 million in 2002 (Figure 1).

Export Markets Though few nations rival the U.S. in pet ownership, large numbers of dogs and cats are kept as pets around the world, as evidenced in Figure 2. By 2002, roughly 10 million pet dogs inhabited Japan and upwards of 7.5 million pet cats lived in the U.K. Another measure of the popularity and growth of pet ownership is the percent of households that harbor them. According to American Pet Prod ucts Manufacturers Association (APPMA) surveys, 56% of U.S. households owned at least one pet in 1988; by 2001, pet ownership grew to include 62% of U.S. households. About half of Japanese households own cats or dogs. More than 25% of Canadian households own dogs and 38% own cats. Australia has one of the highest incidences of pet U.S. Pet Population

**0 20,000**  **40,000 60,000**  **80,000**

**1991 1996 1999**('000) **Dogs Cats** 

Estimated Pet Populations - Selected

Countries in 2000

**0 4,000**  **8,000 12,000**  **16,000**

**Mexico Japan**  **U.K. Australia**  **Spain ('000)**  **Dogs Cats** 

Figure 2 USDA/Japanese Market News/Petn et/PFMATrends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 5 ownership in the world with 64% of households owning pets in 2002; of those Australians who did not own a pet when surveyed, 53% reported that they would like to do so in the future (Figure 3). With pet ownership on the rise, the pet food industry must grow to accommodate the swelling population of family animals. This provides an excellent opportunity for pet food manufacturers to enter the market or expand production. Figure 3 Petnet/APPMA/Japanese Market News 

### Households with Pets By Country

**% of Households** 

### Japan 50% **U.S. 2001 62% Australia**  **64%**Trends: Pet Food Industry

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### P ET 

### O WNER 

### PERSPECTIVE Pet Ownership Dogs and cats make up the majority of pets owned by U.S citizens. According to the American Pet Product Manufacturers Association, almost 40% of all homes owned dogs and 35% owned cats in 2000. Marine and fresh water fish reside in upwards of 20% of U.S. homes. Birds, reptiles, and small animals like rodents are each found in roughly 5% of U.S. homes. (Figure 4).

Income Research indicates only a slight difference in dog and cat ownership between income levels of U.S. households. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 20% – 23% of all households owned a cat in 1991, regardless of income level. S imilarly, dog ownership ranged from 20% - 24% in the same year. While these figures are so mewhat lower than those supported by other surveys, the results nevertheless suggest tha t pet ownership is popular across a wide range of economic classes. By 1996, pet ownership percentages did not change greatly, although shifts are notable. Cat ownership by income level ranged between 20% - 24%. Dog owner ship ranged from 20% – 25%. There was an increase in the number of animal s kept by households with annual incomes in excess of $60,000. Meanwhile, pet owner ship in households with annual income under $60,000 fell slightly in all classes (Figure 5). With increased numbers of pet owners in top earning categories, more expensive premium pet foods and treats may more easily penetrate the market. Additionally, though the pop ularity of pet ownership across households fell slightly, the actual population of pet dogs and cats increased. Some retailers claim that pet food producers enjoy relative immunity from economic recessions in the U.S. According to the Central New York Business Journal, many pet suppliers in Central New York maintain that pet foo d sales do not drop significantly during Percentage of Pet Ownership among Total U.S. Households (2000) Own Any Pet 62% Dogs 39% Cats 34% Freshwater fish 12% Birds 7% Small animals 5% Reptiles 4% Saltwater fish 7% Figure 4 APPMATrends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 7 recessions. Their explanation is that pet owners c onsider pet food an essential product and continue to purchase it even while other spending is reduced

.

Pet Diets In addition to profiting from the rise in pet populations worldwide, the pet food industry benefits from changing attitudes about the importan ce of pet care and nutrition. Many pet owners become strongly attached to their pets and treat them as members of the family. In the 1990s, U.S. residents became more concerned with huma n nutrition and many pet owners transferred that concern onto their dog and cat companions, creating a greater demand for specialty or premium pet food. These items includ e products that use natural ingredients, lack preservatives, use real meat inst ead of meals or by-products, have low sodium contents, and include popular nutritional ingredients such as beta carotene and omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Media coverage of the pet food industry also contri butes to the demand for quality ingredients in pet foods. Many consumers are aware today that pet food manufacturers routinely use undesirable ingredients in their prod ucts including euthanized pets and road kill. Pet food producers using wild Alaska seafoo d for dog and cat food have the potential to penetrate the premium pet food market at a time when owners are concerned about the health of their animals and the quality of pet food. The Alask a company Budget Feed & Farm, for example, produces a salmon-barley dog foo d that has gained the acceptance and enthusiasm of many Alaskan dog owners that have tra ditionally used salmon as dog food. Figure 5 U.S. Census Bureau 

### Dog and Cat Ownership by Annual Household Income between 1991 and 1996 $12,500- $24,999 $25,000-

$39,999 $40,000-

$59,999 $60,000 and

over 1991 - Cat 20% 23% 22% 20% 1996 - Cat 19.70% 21.50% 21.20% 23.70%

growth 0% -2% -1% 4% 1991 - Dog 20% 24% 22% 20% 1996 - Dog 19% 22% 22% 25%

growth -1% -2% -1% 5%Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 8 Dog and cat owners aren’t the only markets availabl e for Alaska seafood pet products. Many non-vegetarian dry fish foods utilize fish. Alaska manufac turer OmegaSea {http://www.omegasea.net/} targets the aquarium mar ket and produces a variety of flake and pellet fish foods using salmon, black cod, hali but, krill, shrimp and other ingredients. They claim to be the only fish food producer to use fresh seafo od instead of fishmeal; this may have growing market appeal if aquareists follow the same trends toward premium food as dog and cat owners.

Pet Snacks In addition to pet food, pet treats continue growing in popularity among U.S. dog and cat owners. According to a recent survey by the Americ an Pet Association, 28.5 million dog owners bought Christmas gifts for their dogs in 199 9 and 37 million cat owners bought Christmas gifts for their cats. Additionally, 10 million dog owners and over 13 million cat owners in the U.S. celebrated their pets’ birthdays . While not all gifts involve edible treats, this indicates a substantial number of pet owners purchasing specialty products for their animals. “Healthy” pet treats are entering the market along with premium pet food. In 2000, Ralston Purina Co. marketed a new line of dog and cat treats designed t o increase overall health as well as the health of teeth and bones, the immune s ystem, skin and coat, and for the elimination of hairballs. The Alaska company Arctic Paws {http://yummychummies.com/} successfully markets a line of salmon based cat anddog treats by capturing the rugged image of Alaska, the historic relationship between sled d ogs and salmon and the health benefits of salmon including its high omega-3 fatty acid content. A number of non-Alaskan companies also produce salmon treat s, some of which advertise the use of wild Alaska salmon with its omega 3 cont ent and natural appeal to dogs and cats. Some companies market their salmon dog and cat trea ts as good for allergy sensitive animals, targeting a niche market of pet owners with allergy -prone dogs and cats. Seafood pet treats could take the form of dried skins, biscuits, jerky , dried bits, strips and even fins, tails and collars. The variety of Alaska seafood pet treats is limited only by the imagination of manufacturers. While salmon is established in the U.S. pet food/treat market, other commercially caught Alaska species could well find a receptive market among today’s pet

owners.Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 9 Omega-3 fatty acids One trend of particular interest to pet food/treat producers using seafood in their products is the current interest in the health benefits of o mega-3 fatty acids. Found in fish oil, omega3 is commonly believed to benefit the skin and coat s of dogs and cats by preventing flakiness, dullness, excessive shedding and joint in flammation. According to the Journal of the American Veterinary MedicalAssociation, omega-3 fatty acids are also important, if not requisite, for pre natal and post-natal neurological development in dogs and cats. It may also prevent retinal degeneration in developing puppies and kittens and decrease deterioration in the eyes o f adult animals. Including omega3 fatty acids in the diets of dogs and cats of all ages and reproductive phases could be of significant benefit to those animals. Seafood based dog and cat food could naturally provide these important fatty acids to aid the skin, coat, eyes, and neurological development of pet dogs and cats. According to a 2000 survey by Ralston Purina, 33% of dog owners and 26% of cat owners have either considered or used nutritional supplements for their pets, indicating that many pet owners feel a need to amend the diets of their animals (Figure 5). Figure 6 Purina **0% 10%**  **20% 30%**  **40% 50%**  **60%**

**Dog owners Cat owners**



### Pet Supplements

**Percent of dog and cat owners who use or are interested in using nutritional supplements for the**  **ir pets.**Trends: Pet Food Industry

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### EXPORT 

### MARKET Export growth Pet food export from the U.S. is a billion-dollar b usiness. Export growth was particularly strong at the end of the 1990s, increasing 30% in f our years to reach $983 million by 2001. Canada, Japan, and Mexico were the major destinatio ns of exported U.S. pet food in the late 1990s (Figure 6).
Japan Exports to Japan jumped significantly between 1997 and 2000, overtaking Canada as the leading importer of U.S. pet food. According to the Japanese Market News, the Japanese pet population grew rapidly in the 1980s due to increases in leisure time, income, andthe incidence of solitary lifestyles in which pets offer companionship. The pet food trendin Japan is for healthy food with such ingredients as green tea, (for the deodorization of pet wastes), avocado, and bio-flavinoids, (for tooth decay), indicating that a market exists for premium, healthy pet food and treats. Additionally, seafood pet food/treat producers may find a niche market among Japanese cat owners who prefer fish flavored food to chicken, beef, or oth er pet food flavors. The demand for pet food in Japan is expected to grow for several reasons:

• pet owners have fewer traditional leftovers availab le for pets;

• the variety of pet food is increasing for animals o f different life stages;

• more owners are turning to commercial foods. In 1998, the U.S. was Japan’s largest importer with38.7% of the market share. Figure 7 U.S. Census Bureau

**Top Ten U.S. Pet Food Export Markets in 2001 Growth**  **1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997-2001 Japan 138, 416 140, 484 151,385 248,620 263,624 90%**  **Canada 203,695 212,596 211,783 229,042 236,848 16% Mexico 41,089 58,914 62,862 116,113 234,860 471%**  **Netherlands 17,428 12,465 16,546 25,014 20,526 18%**  **Belgium 26,016 16,014 6,922 11,402 16,007 38% Australia 10,403 6,849 10,185 13,166 14,872 43%**  **Italy 32,031 31,349 17,502 15,298 14,391 -55% U.K. 24,302 23,259 22,462 12,339 12,009 -51%**  **Taiwan 18,011 14,963 9,257 10,501 10,818 -40% Korea 8,812 5,066 6,378 7,865 10,135 15%** Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 11 Mexico Exports of pet food to Mexico also rose precipitously after 1999. USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) recognized Mexico’s pet food market potential in the late 1990s when the U.S. captured an overwhelming 98% of the import market. Mexican consumption of pet food doubled between 199 7 and 1998, and the pet food market there is likely to grow as owners continue to turn to commerci al pet food.

Canada In 2000, USDA’s Federal Agricultural Service (FAS) reported that trends in western Canada made it a prime destination for U.S. pet food. With human population in the region booming, the number of pets continue to grow; simul taneously, western Canadians are becoming more concerned with health and nutrition, a trend which extends to the purchase of dog and cat food. Increasingly, owners are turning to premium pet food/treats and to pet foods that include specific ingredients for enhance d nutrition and/or dental health. The same trends occur to a lesser degree in other parts of the country. In 1997, U.S. imports comprised 25% of the total pet food market in Canad a.

Spain: Spain is also turning to premium pet food. At the close of the 1990s, a strong economy led to an increase in demand for quality pe t products. Though domestic production is on the rise and U.S. pet food exports to Spain have diminished in general the FAS stated in 2002 that “significant opportunities remain for high quality U.S. pet food, snacks, and treats.”



## Japan Pet Food Imports

1998 U.S. 38%

Thailand 28% Australia 21% Other

13%

Figure 8 Japanese Market NewsTrends: Pet Food Industry

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## Korea Pet Food Imports

2000

Australia 11% Japan 9% E.U. 11% Other

5% U.S.

64% Korea: Another potential market identified by the FAS is Korea. Korean dog ownership is swelling, prompting dog food imports to grow at an annual average rate of 67% from 1991 to 2000. Sixty-four percent of those imports originated in the United States (Figure 8). Sales are expected to grow 10-15% annually as Koreans become more attached to their dogs, incomes increase and commercial pet food becomes more widely used. Koreans already believe in the superior quality of U.S. pet food, giving the U.S. an advantage over other markets.

Others: Smaller potential markets, including Austria, Sing apore and Russia, are also increasing their premium pet food imports and/or experienc ing growth in pet populations. In the mid-1990s, Russian imports of U.S. pet food increasedover 300% in four years. Though currently supporting small markets, these na tions are likely to follow trends toward growing consumer interest in premium commercial pet food. Figure 9 USDATrends: Pet Food Industry

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### C ONCLUSION Growing numbers of U.S. and foreign pet owners, (ca tering to a growing number of pets), became increasingly concerned with their pets’ nutritional health in the 1990s, a trend which led to increased sales of premium pet foods with pu re ingredients and health benefits. Pet food markets around the world grew during the same time and will likely continue to do so as pet ownership increases and commercial foods bec ome more popular, opening many opportunities for pet food manufacturers. With an abundance of seafood waste and flesh unfit for human consumption produced annually, Alas ka’s seafood industry provides a rich supply of raw seafood available to the pet food man ufacturer. Pet food products made with Alaska seafood might ta ke advantage of current trends in the pet food market in several ways. Premium pet foods made with “real meat” are increasing in popularity among both dog and cat owners and fish o wners. Foreign markets are importing more and more premium U.S. pet foods, including the large Japanese market with its interest in healthy pet food and fish flavored cat food. Th e popularity of omega-3 fatty acids and its source in fish oil provides another boon for seafood pet foodproducers. The pet food treat industry is already catching on to the market appeal of salmon treats, paving the way for new and innovative Alaska products. With rising pet numbers anda growing export market, a promising opportunity exists for the production of new pet foods and treats utilizing the abundant seafood by-products of Alaska.Trends: Pet Food Industry

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### REFERENCES Ø American Pet Association. Fun Pet Statistics. March, 1999.
< http://www.apapets.com/petstats2.htm >. Ø American Pet Products Manufacturers Association. Pet Industry Facts

. http://www.appma.org/press/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_0 3.asp >. Ø Galitskiy, Igor. “St. Petersburg Pet Food Market.” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: July, 1999. Ø Kropf, Annemarie. “Recession’s bark is worse than i ts bit for pet-supply stores .” Central New York Business Journal

. 25 Jan. 2002: 1+. Ø Kurcsay, Walter. “Austrian Pets Hunger for U.S. Pet Foods.” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: 1997. Ø Moran, Diego Pazos. “Spain Product Brief: Pet Food Market. ” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: 2000. Ø Myles, George and Bailey, Marilyn. “In Canada, a N ew Competitive Edge.” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: 1999. Ø OH, Young Sook. “Korea Market Brief on Pet Food.” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: Sept. 12, 2001. Ø “Pet Food 1999.” Japanese Market News , Osaka Business Partner City Council: 2001. Ø Pet Food Manufacturers Association. Pet Ownership: Demographics.
< http://www.pfma.com/petownership.htm >. Ø Petcare. Pet Ownership Statistics in Australia . < http://www.petnet.com.au/statistics.html >. Ø Purina Pet Institute. The State of the American Pet: A Study Among Pet Owners . 2000. Ø Thompson, Stephanie. “Ralston Treats Pets to Functional Fo od.” Advertising Age . Vol. 71, issue 37 (2000): 8. Ø Tilford, Gregory L., and Mary Wulff-Tilford. “Pet Peeves. ” Better Nutrition . Vol. 62, issue 5 (2000): 38-42. Ø United States. Census Bureau. Household Pet Ownership and by Selected Characteristics.Trends: Pet Food Industry

Potential for Alaska Seafood Products January 3, 2003

Office of Fisheries Development Department of Community and Economic Development 15 Ø United States. Census Bureau . Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries: 20 00 and Earlier Years . Feb. 11, 2002. Ø United States. Department of Agriculture. U.S. Exports of Pet Foods (Dog & Cat Food) CY 1997 – 2001 and Year-to-Date Comparisons

. Ø Waldron, Mark K., Angela L. Spencer, and John E. Ba uer. “Role of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in the development of the nervous system of dogs and cats.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Associat ion . Vol. 213, no. 5 (1998): 619-22. Ø Woodcock, Brian. “Translating Western Canadian Tre nds into U.S. Export Sales.” USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: 2000.