Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AGENCY

[OPTS-41034; FRL 3845-3]

Twenty-Seventh Report of the

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Receipt of Report and

Request for Comments Regarding

Priority List of Chemicals

AGENCY: Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

SUMMARY: The Interagency Testing

Committee (ITC), established under

section 4[e) of the Toxic Substances

Control Act (TSCA), transmitted its

Twenty-seventh Report to the

Administrator of EPA on November 19,

1990. As noted in this Report, which is

included with this notice, the Committee

revised the Priority List by adding one

chemical and four chemical groups. The

Committee is designating six chemicals

from the IRIS group, as well as 4-

vinylcyclohexene and sodium cyanide,

that were previously recommended with

intent-to-designate. The aldehydes

chemical group is recommended with

intent-to-designate. N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine, two chemicals from the

IRIS group, the sulfone group, and a group of substantially produced

chemicals in need of subchronic tests

are recommended.

The ITC has not removed any

chemicals from the Priority List as a

result of EPA actions.

EPA invites interested persons to

submit written comments on the Report.

EPA is not holding a Focus Meeting for

these chemicals and will proceed

immediately to rulemaking. EPA is

taking this action because (1) The

designated chemicals have a statutory

deadline and require a response by EPA

within I year: and (2) the intent-todesignate group is unlikely to yield

consensus in a timely manner because

of the inability to identify interested

parties on a chemical specific basis.

DATES: Written comments should be

submitted by April 5, 1991.

ADDRESSES- Send written submissions

bearing the document control number

(OPTS-41034; FRL 3845-3) to: TSCA

Public Docket Office (TS-793), Office of

Toxic Substances, Environmental

Protection Agency, Rm. NE G--004, 401 M

St., SW., Washington, DC 20460.

The public record supporting this

action, including comments, is available

for public inspection in Rm. NE G-004 at

the address noted above from 8 a.m. to

12 noon and 1 p.m. to 4 p.m., Monday

through Friday, except legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

Michael M. Stahl, Director,

Environmental Assistance Division (TS799), Office of Toxic Substances,

Environmental Protection Agency, Rm.

E-543B,401 M St., SW., Washington, DC

20460, (202) 554-1404, TDD (202] 554-

0551.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA has

received the TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee's Twenty-seventh Report to

the Administrator.

I. Background

TSCA (Pub. L 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et

seq; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) authorizes the

Administratoi of EPA to promulgate

regulations under section 4(a) requiring

testing of chemicals and groups in order

to develop data relevant to determining

the risks that such chemicals and groups

may present to health or the

environment. Section 4(e) of TSCA

established the Interagency Testing

Committee to recommend chemicals and

groups to the Administrator of EPA for

priority testing consideration. Section

4(e) directs the ITC to revise the TSCA

section 4(e) Priority List at least every 6

months. The ITC's most recent revisions

to this List are included in the

Committee's Twenty-seventh Report.

The Report was received by the

Administrator on November 19, 1990,

and is included in this Notice. The

Report adds one chemical and four

groups of chemicals to the TSCA section

4(e) Priority List.

I. Written and Oral Comments and

Public Meetings

EPA invites interested persons to

submit detailed comments on the ITC's

new recommendations. The Agency is

interested in receiving information

concerning additional or ongoing health

and safety studies on the subject

chemicals as well as information

relating to the human and environmental

exposure to these chemicals.

A notice will be published at a later

date in the Federal Register adding most

of the substances recommended in the

ITC's Twenty-seventh Report to the

TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety

Data Reporting Rule (40 CFR part 716),

which requires the reporting of

unpublished health and safety studies

on the listed chemicals. The delay in

publishing that notice is necessary

because of the requirement to complete

the economic analysis on four chemical

groups. That notice will also add most of

the chemicals to the TSCA section 8[a)

Preliminary Assessment Information

Rule (40 CFR part 712). The section 8(a)

rule requires the reporting of production

volume, use, exposure, and release

information on the listed chemicals.

11. Status of List

The ITC's Twenty-seventh Report

notes the addition of chemicals and

chemical groups to the Priority List. The

current List contains two designated

chemicals, two designated chemical

groups, three recommended with intentto-designate chemical groups, four

recommended chemicals, and five

recommended chemical groups.

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2603.

Dated: February 26, 1991.

Charles M. Auer,

Director, Existing Chemical Assessment

Division, Office of Toxic Substances.

Twenty-Seventh Report of the

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency

Summary

The U.S. Congress created the

Interagency Testing Committee in 1976

to screen, select and recommend

chemical substances and mixtures for

priority health effects, chemical fate, or

ecological effects testing consideration.

The Committee (which consists of

Members from 18 U.S. Government

organizations) selects and recommends

chemicals or chemical groups with

testing information deficiencies because

they may present an unreasonable risk

of injury to health or the environment,

may reasonably be anticipated to enter

the environment in substantial

quantities or may involve significant or

substantial human exposure.

The Committee also facilitates

coordination of chemical testing

sponsored or required by U.S.

Government organizations and

enhances information exchange to

promote cost-effective use of U.S.

Government chemical testing resources.

The Committee's statutory

responsibilities are defined in section

4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act

(TSCA) (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et

seq., 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.).

Section 4(e)(1)(A) of TSCA directs the

Committee to recommend to the

Administrator of the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA), chemicals or

chemical groups to which the

Administrator should give priority

testing consideration. Under the

authority of TSCA section 4(e)(1)(B) the

EPA Administrator shall publish in the

Federal Register the Committee's

Priority List of chemicals or chemical

groups and their associated testing

recommendations. The Committee is

required to designate those chemicals,

from among its recommendations, to

which the Administrator should respond

9534
Federal Register / VoL 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

within 12 months by either initiating

rulemaking under TSCA section 4(a) or

publishing the reasom for not initiating

rulemaking. The Congress directed the

Committee to revise the TSCA section

4[e) Priority List at least every 6 months,

and to transmit those revisions to the

EPA Administrator.

As a result of its deliberations, the

Committee is revising the TSCA section

4(e) Priority List by designating two

chemicals that were previously

recommended with intent-to-designate

and by adding one chemical and four

chemical groups. The added chemical

was nominated by the Occupational

Safety and Health Administration. Two

chemical groups were nominated by the

EPA. The Committee's computerized.

substructure-based chemical selection

processes were used to identify the

chemicals in the aldehyde group

nominated by EPA as well as the

chemicals in two chemical groups that

either shared a common substructure or

a common testing information

deficiency. During this reporting period, the Committee considered available

information on three chemicals and over

thirty chemical groups. The Committee

also deferred about 700 hundred

chemicals from testing consideration at

this time.

Chemicals or chemical groups

(entries) on the Priority List are

designated, recommended with intentto-designate or recommended by the

Committee. Designations were created

by the U.S. Congress when they drafted

TSCA. Recommendations with intent-todesignate were established by the

Committee in their 17th Report (50 FR

47603; November 19, 1985).

Recommendations were established by

the Committee in their lth Report (47

FR 54626; December 3, 1982). Revisions

to the Priority List are presented,

together with the types of testing

recommended, in Table 1. The footnote

letters following Table I acknowledge

the Committee's efforts to coordinate

chemical testing and to comprehensively

examine ongoing testing-related

activities and available information

previously submitted under TSCA.

TABLE 1.-REVISIONS TO THE SECTION 4(E) PRIORITY LIST

Gre CAS No. Chemical Action Date Recommended tests

IRIS ......................................

IRIS . . . ..................

IRIS . ..................... .......

IRIS ..................................

IRIS .............. ................

Aldehydes ...........................

100-40-3 4-vinylcyclohexene ' .................... Designated ............................... 11/90

143-33-9 sodium cyanide' 1 5 ................... . .. Designated ................................ 11/90

79-10-7 acrylic acidl' ..................................... Designated .............................. 11/90

98-86-2 acetophenone s ................................. Designated ............................... 11/90

108-95-2 phenol l . 1 1 ' ................. Designated-____... __ 11/90

121-69-7 NN-dimethylaniline' ....................... Designated ................................ 11/90

141-78-6 ethyl acetate ...................................... Designated .............................. 11/90

576-26-1 2,6-dimethylphenol ........................... Designated ................................ 11/90

....................................................... Recommended with-Intent- 11190

to-designate

Chemical fate: Aqueous volatilization rate.

Health effects: Pharmacokinetics and oncogenicity by inhalation route of administration.

Ecological effects: None.

Chemical fate Soil sorption.

Health effects: Under review, as cyanides.

Ecological effects: Toxicity to migratory birds,

plant uptake and translocation.

Chemical late: River die-away biodegradation.

Health effects: Reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity

and inhalation oncogenicity.

Ecological effects: None.

Chemical fate: None

Health effects: Oral and inhalation pharmacokinetics, inhalation subchronic, reproductive

effects, developmental toxicity, mutagenicity,

and neurotoxicty.

Ecological effects: None.

Chemical late: None.

Health Effects: Oral and Inhalation pharmacokinetics, Inhalation subchronic, reproductive

effects, and neurotoxicty.

Ecological effects: None.

Chemical fate: Activated sludge biodegradation.

Health effects: Oral and inhalation pharmacokinetics, inhalation auibchronic, mutageniclty,

reproductive effects, developmental toxicity,

and neurotoxicity.

Ecological affects. Algal toxicity, aquatic Invertebrates acute and chronic toxicity, and fish

chronic toxicity.

Chemical fate: None.

Health effects: S reening for reproductive effects, developmental toxicity. mutagenicity

and neurotoxicity. Triggering oncogenicity.

Ecological effects: None.

Chemical fate: Aqueous photolysis screening

and river die.away blodegradation.

Health effects: Screening for reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, mutagenicty

and neurotoxicity.

Ecological effects: Algal toxicity, aquatic invertebrate and fih chronic toxicity.

Chemical fate: None.

Health effects: None.

Ecological effects: Algal toxicity, aquatic inver.

tebrates acute and chronic toxicity and fish

chronic toxicity.

9535
9536 Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

TABLE 1.-REVISIONS TO THE SECTION 4(E) PRIORITY UST-Continued

Group CAS No. Chemical Action Date Recommended tests

IRIS ....................................... 51-28-5 2,4-dinitrophenol2-3 ......................... Recommended .......................... 11/90 Chemical fate: Aqueous photolysis screening

and river die-away biodegradation.

Health effects: Oral and inhalation pharmacokinetics, dermal absorption, inhalation subchronic, reproductive effects, developmental

toxicity, mutagenicity, and neurotoxicity.

Ecological effects: Aquatic invertebrates and

fish chronic toxicity.

IRIS ....................................... 95-65-8 3,4-dimethylphenol ........................... Recommended .......................... 11/90 Chemical fate: Aqueous photolysis screening

and river die-away biodegradation.

Health effects: Subchronic, screening for reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, mutagenicty and neurotoxicity.

Ecological effects: Algal toxicity, aquatic invertebrates and fish chronic toxicity.

90-30-2 N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine ............... Recommended .......................... 11/90 Chemical fate: Water solubility- octanol-water

partition coefficient vapor pressure and biodegradation.

Health effects: Oncogenlcity.

Ecological effects: Algal toxicity, aquatic invertebrates and fish chronic toxicity.

Sulfones ....................................................................................... Recommended .......................... 11/90 Chemical fate: Physical and chemical properties.

Health effects: None.

Ecological effects. None.

Substantially produced ........................................................ Recommended .......................... 11/90 Chemical fate: None.

chemicals in need of Health effects: Subchronlc toxicity.

subchronic tests. Ecological effects. None.

'Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) section 110.

'Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) section 313.

'Clean Air Act Amendments, section 301. 4 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR). 5 TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule.

Listed below are the individual chemicals for the chemical groups in Table 1. Chemicals nos. I through 89 are aldehydes,

chemical nos. 90 through 115 are sulfones, and chemicals nos. 116 through 150 are substantially produced chemicals in need of

subchronic tests.

Chemical Name CAS No. Notes

1. i -napninalenecarooxalaenyoe ...........................................................................................................

2. acetaldehyde ........................................................................................................................................

3. acetaldehyde, trichloro- .......................................................................................................................

4. propanal, 2-methyl- ..............................................................................................................................

5. 2-propenal, 2-m ethyl- ..........................................................................................................................

6. benzenepropanal, 4-(1,1-dim ethylethyl)..a.-m ethyl-. .................................................................

7. acetaldehyde, (1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene) .......................................................

8. benzaldehyde, 2-chioro- ......................................................................................................................

9. benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-. .................................................................................................................

10. benzaldehyde, 2,5-dim ethoxy- .........................................................................................................

11. benzeneacetadehyde, .a.-m ethyl- ..................................................................................................

12. bonzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxy-. ..........................................................................................................

13. benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-nitro .....................................................................................................

14. 2-furancarboxaldehyde ......................................................................................................................

15. 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde ..............................................................................................................

16. benzaldehyde, 4-(dim ethylam ino)-. ..................................................................................................

17. 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde ....................................................................................................

18. benzaldehyde .....................................................................................................................................

19. 2-propenal, 2-m ethyl-3-phenyl-. .......................................................................................................

20. octanal, 2-(phenylm ethylene)-. .........................................................................................................

21. benzenepropanal, .a.-m ethyl-4-(1-m ethylethyl)- ............................................................................

22. benzeneacetaldehyde, 4-m ethyl-. ....................................................................................................

23. 2-propen l, 3-phenyl- ........................................................................................................................

24. benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-. ..................................................................................................................

66-77-3

75-07-0 b

75-87-6

78-84-2 b

78-85-3

80-54-6

84-83-3

89-98-5

90-02-8

93-02-7

93-53-8

95-01-2

97-51-8

98-01-1 d

98-03-3

100-10-7

100-50-5

100-52-7

101-39-3

101-86-0

103-95-7

104-09-8

104-55-2

104-87-0
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 1 Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name

25 benzaldehyde. 4-chloro- ....................

26. 6-octenal, 3,7-dimethyl- ....................

27. 2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-. (Z)-...

28. 5-heptenal, 2,6-dimethyl. .................

zu. z-propenai ............ ..............................................................................................................................

30. acetaldehyde, chloro- .......................................................................................................................

31. ethanedial ...........................................................................................................................................

32. octanal. 7-hydroxy-3,7-dim ethyl- ...................................................................................................

33 undecanal, 2-m ethyl- ........................................................................................................................

34 pentanal ............................................................................................... : ..............................................

35. pentanedial ........................................................................................................................

36. heptanal ..............................................................................................................................................

37. decanal ................................................................................................................................

38. undecanal ...........................................................................................................................................

39. 10-undecenal ......................................................................................................................................

40 dodecanal .........................................................................................................................................

41. benzaidehyde, 3,4-dim ethoxy ........................................................................................................

42. benzaldehyde, 4-(diethylam ino)-. ...................................................................................................

43. 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde ................................................................................................

44. benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-. ...............................................................................................

45. benzatdehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- ............................

46. heptanal, 2-(phenylm ethylene)- ......................................................................................................

47. benzeneacetaldehyde .......................................................................................................................

48. hexanal, 2-ethyl ............................................................................................................................

49. benzaldehyde. 4-hydroxy-. ...............................................................................................................

50. benzaldehyde, 4-m ethoxy-. ...............................................................................................................

51. propanal .............................................................................................................................................

52. octanal .............................................................................................................................................-

53. nonanal ...........................................................................................................................................

54. 4a(4H)-dibenzofurancarboxaldehyde,

55. benzaldehyde, 2-methoxy- ..................

56. 2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl., (E)-. ......

57. 9-undecenal ...........................................

58. benzaldehyde, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-. .....

59. 2-hexenal ...............................................

60. benzaldehyde, 2-nitro- .........................

61. butanal, 3-methyl-. ...............................

62. propanal, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethy ......

1 ,Sa,$,9,fta, iexahydro-. ............................................. .

......................................................................................

...................... ...................................................

, L IU II I, U l .

. 

........................................................

64. 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ................... . . . ............... "

65. benzaldehyde, 4-butyl-. ................................................................. .

66. 2-propenal, 3-phenyl-, monopentyl deriv.

67. benzaldehyde, methyl- ...............................

68. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde. 2,4,6-t

69. 2-propenal, 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-. ...........

70. 1-piperidinecarboxaldehyde .......................

71. benzaldehyde, 3-bromo- ............................

72. propanal, 3-(methythio)- ............................

73. octanal. 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-. .............

74. 3-cyclopentene-l-acetaldehyde, 2,2,3-trir

75. hexanal, 3,5,5-trimethyl-. ..........................

76. 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde, 7-m

77. 6-octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (S)-. ..................

78. octanal, 3,7-dimethyl-. ...............................

79. benzaldehyde 4-ethoxy-. ..........................

....... ..... ................................ ....... . . . . . . .

methyl- .............................................

eth.y. ....................................... ...... ........... ... ..... ....................

.............................

CAS No.

9537

Notes

................................................................................................

................................ I ...............................................................

........ .....................................................................

104-88-1

106-23-0

106-26-3

106-72-9

107-02-8 &,b

107-20-0

107-22-2

107-75-5

110-41-8

110-62-3

111-30-8

111-71-7

112-31-2

112-44-7

112-45-8

112-54.-

120-14-9

120-21-8

120-57-0

121-32-4

121-33-5

122-40-7

122-78-1

123-05-7

123-08-0

123-11-5

123-384 b

124-13-0

124-194

126-15-8

135-02-4

141-27-5

143-14-8

455-19M

505-57-7

552-89-6

590-86-3

597-31-9

939-97-9 d,e

1121-60-4

1200-14-2

1331-92-6

1334-78-7

1423-46-7

.1504-74-1

2591-86-8

3132-99-8

3268-49-3

3613-30-7

4501-58-0

5435-64-3

5780-07-4

5949-05-3

5988-91-0

10031-82-0
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name CAS No.

80. 2-propenal, 3- 4-(1,1-dlmethylethyl)phenyl .2-methyl-. ..................................................................

81. benzaldehyde, 4-(diethylamlno)-2ohydroxy-. ..................................................................................

82. hexenal, 2-ethyl- .........................................................................................................................

83. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, dim ethyl ............................................................................

84. benzaldehyde, (dimethylam ino)-. .....................................................................................................

85. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-m ethylpentyl)-. ...............................................

86. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4-(4-m ethyl-3-pentenyl) ..........................................................

87. benzaldehyde, 3-phenoxy. ...............................................................................................................

88. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl). ........................................

89. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 1-m ethyl-4-(4-m ethylpentyl)-. .................................................

90. dim ethylsulfone .................................................................................................................................

91. suffolene ..............................................................................................................................................

92. sulfonyt bis-(4-chlorobenzene) .........................................................................................................

93. 4,

94.

4'-diam inodiphenyl sulfone ............................................................................................................

oisphenol S .........................................................................................................................................

95. 2-amino-4-(metnylsultonyl)pnleno ....................................................................................................

96. sulfolane .............................................................................................................................. .

97. diphenylsulfone ..................................................................................................................................

98. 2.2'-sulfonvl bis-ethanol ...................................................................................................................

99. 1..1'-M ethylene bls(sulfonyl)]bisethene ...; ..............................................................................

100. 2-[(3-amlnophenyl)sulfonylethanol ..............................................................................................

101. 3-[N-ethyl-4-[[6-(methyfsulfonyl)-2-benzothiazolyl]azo]-m-toluldino]-proponitrile ................

102. 6-(m ethylsulfonyl)-2-benzothiazolamlne .......................................................................................

103. 2-amino-4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]pheno .....................................

104. 4-phenylthiom orpholine .1 1dioxide ..............................................................................................

105. 4-[4-(2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl]thlomorpholine, 1,1-dioxide- ............................

106. 3-(decyloxy)tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide ................................................................................

107. 1-(diiodomethyl)sufonyl-4-methy benzene ..................................................................................

108. 1,1'-[oxybis(m ethylenesulfonyl)] bisethene .................................................................................

109. 2,2'-Eoxybis(methylenesulfonyl)] bisethanol ..................................... : ....................................

110. 1,l'-[m thylenebis(sufonyl)] bls-2-chloroethane ........................................................................

111. 2,2'-[methylenebis(suffonyl)] bisethanol ......................................................................................

112. 2-[(3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl] ethanol ................................................................................................

113. 2-[(6-amlno-2-naphthalenyl)sulfony] ethanol ..............................................................................

114. 1,1'-[oxybis(m ethylenesulfonyl)] bis-2-chloroethane ..................................................................

115. 4-[[4-(phenylm ethoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl] phenol ...........................................................................

t16. p,p'-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide) ..........................................................................................

117. naphthalenedicarboxyltc anhydride ...............................................................................................

118. 2-ethylanthraquinone .......................................................................................................................

119. 7-am ino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesuffonic acid ............................................................................

120. 1-naphthol ........................................................................................................................................

121. 3-hydroxy-2-naphtholc acid ............................................................................................................

122. triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) .............................................. .............................. .

123. 2-(4-m orpholinyldithio)-benzothlazole ..................................................................... I ......................

124. n-butyl m ethacrylate ........................................................................................................................

125. 1,3-benzenedisuffonic acid .............................................................................................................

126. 3,4-dichloronftrobenzene .................................................................................................................

127. isophthaloyl chloridde ........................................................................................................................

128. terephthaloyl chloide ......................................................................................................................

129. 4-ethoxynitrobenzene ......................................................................................................................

130. acetoacetanilide ...............................................................................................................................

131. butyric anhydride .......................................................................... t ..................................................

132. isobutyl acrylate ..............................................................................................................................

133. diethylene glycol dim ethyl ether ....................................................................................................

134. carbinol acetate ...............................................................................................................................

13586-68-0

17754-90-4

-26266-68-2

27939-60-2

28602-27-9

31906-04-4

37677-14-8

39515-51-0

52475-86-2

66327-54-6

67-71-0

77-79-2

80-07-9

80-08-0

80-09-1

98-30-6

126-33-0

127-63-9

2580-77-0

3278-22-6

5246-57-1

16588-67-3

17557-67-4

17601-96-6

17688-68-5

17741-62-7

18760-44-6

20018-09-1

26750-50-5

36724-43-3

41123-59-5

41123-69-7

41687-30-3

52216-35-6

53061-10-2

63134-33-8

80-51-3

81-84-5

84-51-5

87-02-5

90-15-3

92-70-6

94-28-0

95-32-9

97-8-1 c,d

98-48-6

99-54-7

99-63-8

100-20-9

100-29-8

102-01-2

106-31-0

106-63-8 c

111-96-6

112-15-2

9538

Notes

4
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices3

Chemical Name CAS No. Notes

135. brom amnine acid ................................................................................................................... ........... 116-81-4

136. 4-m ethyl-2-nitro-phenol .................................................................................................................. 119-33-5

137. 4-(acetylam ino) benzenesulfonyl chloride .................................................................................... 121-80-8

138. 2,4-pentanedione ............................................................................................................................ 123-54-6

139. propanoic anhydrdde ....................................................................................................................... 123-62-6

140. bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-butenedioate ................................................................................................... 142-16-5

141. peiIluorotributylamine ................................................................................ 311-89-7

142. perfluoro-N-hexane .......................................................................................................................... 355-42-0

143. trichlorom ethanesulfenyl chloride .................................................................................................. 594-4 2-3

144. 1,2-dichlorobutane ......................................................................................................................... 616-21-7

145. 1,3-dicyanobenzene ..................................................................................................................... 626-17-5

146. 3,4-dichlorobutene ......................................................................................................................... 760-23-6

147. 2-(2-am inoethoxy)-ethanol .............................................................................................................. 929-06-6

148. quinac n.i................................................................................................................ do .................. 1047-16-1

149. am monium carbam te ................................................................................................................... 1111-78-0

150. hexatm ethoxym ethyl) m elamine ................................................................................................ 3089-11-0

Notes:

a. Superfund Amendments and

Reauthorization Act (SARA) section 110.

b. Emergency Planning and Community

Right-to-Know Act [EPCRA] section 313. c. Toxic Substances Control Act [TSCA)

section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment

Information Rule (PAIR).

d. TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety

Data Reporting Rule.

TSCA Interagency Testing Committee

Statutory Member Agencies and Their

Representatives:

Council on Environmental Quality

Under consideration

Department of Commerce

Raimundo Prat

Environmental Protection Agency

Letitia Tahan, Member

Vincent Nabholz, Alternate

National Cancer Institute

Susan Sieber, Member (See Note 1)

Thomas P. Cameron, Alternate

National Institute of Environmental

Health Sciences

James K. Selkirk, Chairperson

National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health

Robert W. Mason, Member

Rodger L Tatken, Alternate

National Science Foundation

William L. Pengelly, Member (See

Note 2)

Jarvis L. Moyers, Alternate

Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

Loretta Schuman, Vice-Chairperson

Stephen Mallinger, Alternate

Liaison Agencies and Their

Representatives

Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry

Deborah Barsotti

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Lakshmi C. Mishra

Department of Agriculture

Richard M. Parry, Jr.

Elise A. B. Brown

Department of Defense

Harry Salem

Melvin E. Anderson

Department of the Interior

Clifford P. Rice

Barnett A. Rattner

Department of Transportation

James O'Steen

George Cushmac (See Note 3)

Food and Drug Administration

Charles J. Kokoski

Raju Kammula

National Library of Medicine

Vera Hudson

National Toxicology Program

Miriam Davis (See Note 4)

Victor A. Fung (See Note 5)

U.S. International Trade Commission

Edward Matusik

James Raftery

Committee Staff

John D. Walker, Ph.D., Executive

Director

Norma S. L. Williams, Executive

Assistant

Support Staff

Alan Carpien -- Office of the General

Counsel, EPA

Notes:

(1) Appointed on July 25,1990.

(2) Appointed on August 29, 1990.

(3) Appointed on May 24, 1990.

(4) Appointed on September 18, 1990.

(5) Appointed on September 18, 1990.

The Committee acknowledges and is

grateful for the assistance and support

Given by the staff of Syracuse Research

Corp. (technical support contractor) and

personnel of the EPA Office of Toxic

Substances.

Chapter 1-Introduction

1.1 Background. Congress created the

Interagency Testing Committee under

the Toxic Substances Control Act

(TSCA) to recommend to the

Administrator of the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) chemical

substances and mixtures in commerce

that should be given priority testing

consideration. TSCA specifies that the

Committee's recommendations shall be

in the form of a Priority List published in

the Federal Register.

At least every 6 months, the

Committee revises the Priority List and

transmits these revisions to the EPA

Administrator. The Committee's testing

recommendations are described in

previous reports (Refs. 1 through 11).

1.2 Committee's previous reports.

Twenty-six previous reports to the EPA

Administrator have been issued by the

Committee and published in the Federal

Register. In these 26 reports, the

Committee has recommended testing for

91 chemicals and 28 chemical groups.

1.3 Committee's activities during this

reporting period. Between April 26, 1990

and September 27, 1990 the Committee

processed chemicals that were

nominated by Member Agencies,

evaluated chemicals by using the

Committee's computerized,

substructure-based, chemical selection

processes and examined lists of ongoing

activities related to reducing testing

information deficiencies for commercial

chemicals.

1.3.a Nominations and selections.

Member-Agency nominations for this

Report include N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine (Occupational Safety

and Health Administration), Integrated

Risk Information System (IRIS)

9539
Federhl Register,/ Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March0, 1991 / Notices

chemicals and aldehydes (the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency).

Nominating chemicals to the

Committee offers several advantages

that appear to satisfy the intentions of

Congress when they created the ITC.

The nominator is provided with the

unique opportunity to utilize the

Committee-activated networking and

information exchange processes that

allows the nominator to access

otherwise unavailable information from

Member Agencies. Committee

networking is important because it

allows the nominator to determine if

there are unpublished studies that could

satisfy the nominator's testing

information deficiencies or that could

provide the nominator with additional

testing concerns. Information exchange

is important at the Committee level

because it is not limited to a single type

of testing, but includes comprehensive

discussions of health effects, chemical

fate and ecological effects testing. It

allows the nominator to save resources

by analyzing only essential testing

information deficiencies, while the

Committee comprehensively addresses

other testing information deficiencies

without substantive delays in processing

nominations.

Nominating chemicals to the

Committee also allows the nominator to

take advantage of an unusual

information-collecting opportunity that

only exists for Committee

recommendations. For any chemical or

chemical group recommended by the

ITC, the EPA automatically promulgates

TSCA 8(a) and 8(d) final rules. TSCA

8(a) requires that industry submit

manufacturing, importation and

exposure data for any chemical listed in

a final section 8(a) rule. TSCA 8(d)

requires that industry submit all health

effects, epidemiology, medical case

studies, monitoring, chemical fate and

ecological effects studies for any

chemical listed in a final section 8(d)

rule. TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) data

are generated in 3 months through an

ITC recommendation in contrast to 18 to

24 months through conventional notice

and comment rulemaking. The resulting

TSCA section 8 data are analyzed and a

report is generated for the nominator

that indicates whether any of the data

submissions are likely to satisfy the

nominator's testing information

deficiencies.

Chemical group selections for this

Report include sulfones and

substantially produced chemicals in

need of subchronic tests. Sulfones and

substantially produced chemicals in

need of subchronic tests were identified

by using the Committee's computerized,

substructure-based, chemical selection

processes. The substantially produced

chemicals in need of subchronic tests

selection exemplifies a feature of these

processes that is being utilized for the

first time, i.e., the ability of the

processes to identify a group of

chemicals that have a common testing

information deficiency. This costeffective feature should allow EPA to

add those identified chemicals that

satisfy the TSCA section 4 statutory

requirements [and for which TSCA

section 8 information does not reduce

the need to consider subchronic toxicity

testing] to a subchronic toxicity listing

rule and should provide others (e.g.,

NTP, OECD, etc.) with the option of

selecting any of the remaining chemicals

for testing.

The Committee uses their

computerized processes to enhance their

ability to cost-effectively screen

chemicals for exposure potential or

potential to persist and cause adverse

health or ecological effects by: (1)

Identifying chemical groups with

identical substructures and similar

adverse effects potentials ,or chemical

fate characteristics, (2) identifying

chemical groups with similar uses or

common testing information deficiencies

and (3) recommending chemical groups,

with insufficient test data, for health

effects, chemical fate, or ecological

effects testing. The Committee continues

to recommend groups of structurally- or

use-related chemicals or groups with

common testing information deficiencies

for screening tests and to review the

TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) information

that is submitted in response to

recommendations. The Committee

believes recommending groups of

structurally- or use-related chemicals or

groups of chemicals with common

testing information deficiencies for

screening tests and reviewing TSCA

section 8(a) and 8(d) information before

making subsequent testing

recommendations is a cost-effective

approach to'satisfying chemical testing

Information deficiencies because it

promotes a comprehensive analysis of

chemicals that may produce similar

effects or that may involve similar

exposures. The Committee processes

external nominations of structurally- or

use-related chemical groups or groups

with common testing information

deficiencies and encourages external

nominators to take advantage of the

Committee's unique networking and

information exchange processes and

accelerated TSCA 8ka) and 8(d)

information-collecting authority.

Processing and recommending

Member-Agency and other nominations

and computer-facilitated chemical group

selections enhances information

exchange that promotes cost-effective

use of U.S. Government chemical testing

resources, encourages harmonization of

methods for chemical testing, and

facilitates coordination of testing being

sponsored or required by U.S.

Government organizations.

1.3.b Comprehensive information

processing. During this reporting period,

several For Your Information (FYI).

TSCA section 8(d) and 8(e) documents

were reviewed. These documents are

stored on microfiche in the TSCA Public

Docket Office, Office of Toxic

Substances, Environmental Protection

Agency, Room G-04 NE Mall, 401 M St.,

SW., Washington, DC 20460. These

microfiched documents are also

available from the National Technical

information Service, 5285 Port Royal

Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (1-800-

336-4700), and from Chemical

Information Systems, Inc., 7215 York

Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21212 (1-

800-CLS-USER). The Committee

referenced several of these documents

in Chapter 2 of this report and readers

are referred to the above addresses to

obtain further information. Interested

parties can also obtain, from the EPA

address, copies of publicly-available

reports, letters and published references

supporting recommendations of

chemicals in this report.

The Committee continues to

comprehensively search available

domestic and international lists of

ongoing activities related to reducing

testing information deficiencies on

chemicals under review. Efforts to

conduct these searches identified

chemicals listed in other statutes, e.g..

chemicals listed in Title III of the 1990

amendments of the Clean Air Act. The

Committee has recommended over 50

chemicals listed in this statute, including

5 Iris chemicals for inhalation testing

(acrylic acid, acetophenone, phenol. 2.4-

dinitrophenol and NN-dimethylaniline).

The Committee continues to review

information on chemicals listed in this

and other relevant statutes. Efforts to

conduct searches also identified

chemicals for which TSCA informationgathering activities are ongoing (see

Table I footnotes). The Committee

makes the results of these searches

publicly available by referencing TSCA

submissions in Reports to the EPA

Administrator or making tables and

references of these submissions

available in the public dockets

supporting a Report to the EPA

Administrator.

During this reporting period, the

Committee considered available

9540

9540
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

information on 3 chemicals and over 30

chemical groups. Chemical groups

currently under consideration include

alkenes, alkylamines, alkylnitros,

alkylsulfonates, alkynes, anhydrides,

aromatic dianhydrides, aromatic

sulfhydryls, aromatic sulfonates, aryl

ethers, benzothiazoles, carbamates,

dialkylamines, ethanolamines, epoxides,

ethylhexyl derivatives, glycol ethers,

haloalkyl ethers, heterocyclics, hinderd

phenols, hydrazines, inorganics,

isophthalic acids, isothiocyanates,

nitriles, phenylenediamines, phosphates,

phosphoniums, pyrrolidinones,

siloxanes, sulfenamides,

thiocarbamates, thiol esters, thios,

triazines, etc. The Committee designated

two chemicals that were recommended

with intent-to-designate in the 25th and

26th, Reports. One chemical and four

chemical groups were selected for

addition to the section 4(e) Priority List.

Review of the remaining chemicals and

chemical groups is ongoing.

1.3.c Information dissemination. To

emphasize the Committee's efforts to

promote public understanding of the

ITC's functions and purposes, the

Committee is listing for the first time

some of the Committee-related activities

that occurred during this reporting

period. On June 20, 1990 the Committee's

Executive Director testified before the

House Subcommittee on Environment,

Energy and Natural Resources. On June

29, 1990, during an information exchange

symposium, the Committee's

Chairperson and Executive Director

presented chemical selection procedures

used by the National Toxicology

Program (NTP) and the ITC. On July 2

and September 7, 1990, the Executive

Director briefed the Synthetic Organic

Chemical Manufactures Association and

the Chemical Manufactures Association,

respectively, on ITC activities. On

September 20, 1990, the Executive

Director described the ongoing efforts to

evaluate the ITC's substructure-based

computerized chemical selection

processes at an international workshop

convened in the Netherlands.

1.3.d Deferrals. To promote public

understanding of the total number of

chemicals that the Committee processes,

the Committee is listing for the first time

about 700 chemicals in 4 chemical

groups that are being deferred from

further consideration at this time

because the chemicals were not

reported to the EPA or the U.S.

International Trade Commission as

being recently produced. Four IRIS

chemicals (ammonium sulfamate, CFC113, HMX and hydrogen sulfide) are also

being deferred; the rationales for which

for which are described in section 2.2.c.

of this Report. Deferred and other

chemicals are recycled through the

Committee's computerized processes to

identify chemicals whose production

volumes have substantially changed. On

the following list of deferrals, chemicals

no 1 through 429 are aldehydes,

chemicals no 430 through 525 are

brominated flame retardants, chemicals

no 526 through 605 are isocyanates and

chemicals 606 through 686 are sulfones.

Chemical Name CAS No.

4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-methyt -0- LLw f me l g J -. ........................................................................................................................... wfnu InuXV 

4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methy-, hydrochloride

hexanal .............................................................................................................................

2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)- ...............................................................

acetaldehyde, trifluoro- ...................................................................................................

propanal, 2-oxo ..............................................................................................................

acetaldehyde, dichloro- ..................................................................................................

1H-pyrrole-3-carboxaldehyde, 2,5-dimethyl-l-phenyl- ...............................................

benzaldehyde, 2,6-dichloro- ........................................................................................

UItdr MIUWnydu, .qa-tnMetrnoxy-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-butenoic acid. 2.3-dichloro-4-oxo-, (2)-. ...................................................................................................................................................................................

3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 6-methyl ............................................................................ ...................................................................................................

benzaldehyde. 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-[(2-chloroethyl)ethylam lno]-2-m ethyl- ...........................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-(diethylamino)-2-methyl .....................................................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-[(2-chloroethyl)methylamino -. .........................................................................................................................................................................

butanal, 2-methyl-. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

butanal, 2-ethyl. ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 3-nitro-. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

benzeneacetaldehyde, a, 4-dimethyl .........................................................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy......................................................................................................... ; ...................................................................................................... benzenepropanal ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

undecanal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-. .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

butanal, 3-hydroxy.. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

acetaldehyde, tribromo- .................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1, 3-cyclohexadiene--carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-t .methyl- .............................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-ethoxy-3-methoxy-. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl)-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

pentanal, 2-methyl- .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2-butenal, (E)-. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . tetradecanal .........................................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-. .......................

9-undecenal, 2,6,10-trimethyl ..........................................

7-octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-. ....................................................

2, 4-hexadienal, (E E)-. .....................................................

benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy. ..............................

benzaldehyde, 2-chloro-6-fluoro- ......................................

2-cyclohexene- -carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-. .........

1-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl- ..........

benzaldehyde, 3-(trifluoromethyl). ....................................

benzaldehyde, 3-fluoro- .....................................................

benzaldehyde, 4-fluoro- .....................................................

2-cyclohexene-1 -acetaldehyde. 2,6,6-trimethyl- ..............

1-cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-. .............

retinal, 13-cis- .....................................................................

54-47-7

56-82-6

65-22-5

66-25-1

67-47-0

75-90-1

78-98-8

79-02-7

83-18-1

83-38-5

86-81-7

87-58-9

89-04-1

90-60-8

92-10-4

92-14-8

94-31-5

96-17-3

97-96-1

99-61-6

99-72-9

100-83-4

104-53-0

105-88-4

107-9-1

115-17-3

11-26-7

116-31-4

120-25-2

122-03-2

123-15-9

123-73-9

124-25-4

134-96-3

141-13-9

141-26-4

142-83-6

148-53-8

387-45-1

432-24-6

432-25-7

454-89-7

456-48-4

459-57-4

472-64-0

472-66-2

472-6-6

ornpail, zo,-"atyurioxy-, t-r' ..........................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................

I ...............................

.............................................................................................................................................................

................................................................... I ...............................................................

.............. I ....................................................................................

............... I ....................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

0541

I
9542 Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name CAS No.

48. benzalde-y 2.4,8-trl.ethy.................................................... ., 487-68-3

50. benzaldehyde. 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxy- ... ... .............................................................................. ........... 492-88-6

51. hexanal, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy. ................................................................................................................

496-03-7

52. 2-butenal, 2-m ethyl-, ( ) ................ ................................... ... . . . . . ...........................................................................

497-03-0

53. 3-thIoe r rboxaldehyde ---. ---.. ... ... .... ............................... .....................................................................................

498-62-4

54. 3-pyrtdinecarboxal e . ............. .... ..................................................... ......... . . .................................................................

5 00-22-1

55. 2, 6,10-dodecatrienak 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (EE). . ............... 502-67-0

56. retinal, 9-cis- . ........ ............................................................................................................ ................................ 514-85-2

57. be rzaidehyde, 2-am ino- ..................................................................................................................

529-23-7 58. bernzaldehyde, 4-n o- .............................................................. .. .. . ......... ............. . ..... 555-16-8

59. benzaldehyde, 4-am ino- .... ...............................................................................................................

556-18-3

60. 2,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-. ...................................................................................................................

........................... : ..... 557-48-2

61. blcyvto[3.1.1 ]hept-2-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 6,6-dimetyl ..........................................................................................

564-94-3

62. benzaldehyde, 3-m ethoxy................................................................................................................

...................................... 591-31-1

63. benzaldehyde, 2,4,6-t rnitro- ...............................................................................................................

.. .... ............... 606-34-8

64. benzaldehyd 4-(d pro y.no)- . .... ............................. ................... .........................................................

613-28-5 65. benzaldehyde, 2-othoxy- ................ .... ......................................... ... .... ........ ...... ....... .... .... ............... .... ..........................................................

613-69-4 66. benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-mothy ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. 613-84-3

67. 2-kirancarboxaldehyde, 5-metli-....................................... 620-02-0

68. benzadehyde, 3-methyl .............. .......... .................................. ........................................... ............. 620-23-5

69. benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-. ................................................. . ..... .........................................................

...... 621-59-0

70. 1, 4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde .............................................................................................................

623-27-8 71. 2-propenal, 3-(2-furaryl)- .... .... ................................. .................................................................................... ............................ ... ...... ...... ..... .. ....................... 623.-30-3 71. 2-propenal, 2 ............................................................ ....... .......................... .... 623-36-9

74. hexadecanal ..........................................................................................................................

629-80-1

75. propanal, 2,2-dim ethyl- ......................................................................................................................................

630-19-3 76. benzaldehyde, 5-chloro.2.hydtoxy. ..........................................................................................................

635-93-8

77. but. . .. .8l.................................................... 638-37-9 78. 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde ..............................................................................................................

642-31-9

79. 1, 2-benzened carboxaldehyde .............................................................................................................

643-79-8

80. 2-hexenal, 2-ethyl- ......................................................................................................................

64 5-62-5

81. benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-m ethoxy-. ........................................................................................................

673-22-3

82. 1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, 2-hydroxy ......................................................................................................

.. ............. .......................... 70 6-0 - 5 83. 2-pentenal ............................................................................................................................

................................. 764-39-6

64. 2, 4-pentadienal ................. .. .... . ........................................................................... ....... ..................... .... ....................... 764-40-9

85. 2-propenal, 2-m ethyl-3-[4-(1-m ethylethyl)phenyl] . ...............................................................................................

831-97-0

86. 4-pyrdinecarboxaldehyde ......... .............................................................................................................

... ............. ..... 872-85-5

87. benzaldehyde, 2,4-dichloro- ...............................................................................................................

874-42-0

88. 2-propenal, 3-(2-furany -2-m ethyl- ...........................................................................................................

874-66-8

89. benzaldehyde, 4-(acetyloxy)-. ..............................................................................................................

.... 878-00-2

90. benzaldehyde, 4-(acetyloxy)-3-m ethoxy-. ......................................................................................................

.. ..... 881-68-5 91. propanal, 2-chloro-2-m ethyl- . . . . . ..................................................................................................................

917-93- 1 92. 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde ......................................... .............................................................................................

... ........ ............... 1003-29-

93. benzeneacetaldehyde, 4-m ethoxy-a-oxo- ......................................................................................................

.................. .. 1076-95-5 94. 8'-apo-,P, psi-carotenal. ...................................................................................................................

.... ...... ...... .............. 1107-26- 2

95. pentanal, 4-m ethyl. .....................................................................................................................

. ................................... 1119-16-0

96. 2-pyddinecarboxaldehyde, 6-m ethyl- ..... ....................................................................................................

.. ... ........................ 1122-72-1 97. benzaldehyde, 4-brom o- ..................................................................................................................

...... ....................... 1122-91-4 98. benzaldehyde, 2, 5-dihydroxy- ...............................................................................................................

1194-98-5

99. 1, 3-benzodioxole-5-propanal, .a.-m ethyl. ......................................................................................................

. . 1205-17-0 100. propanal, phenyl- ..................... ...............................................................................................................

..............................................................

... 1335-10-0

101. hexenal ..............................................................................................................................

... 1335-39-3

102. benzeneacetaldehyde, ar-(1-methylethyl)-. ......................................................................................................

.. . 1335-44-0 103. undecenal .............................................................................................................................

1337-6 3-3

104. benzaldehyde, 2-chloro.-4-(dim ethylam ino) ......................................................................................................

1424-66-4 105. benzaldehyde, 3-am ino- ....................................................................................................................

... ............... .. 1709-4 4-0

106. 2-propenal, 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-. ...............................................................................................................

... 1734-794

107. 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 1-m ethyl-2-phenyl-. .................................................................................................

1757-72-

108. benzaldehyde, 5-brom o-2-hydroxy ............................................................................................................

...................................................... 1761-61-1

109. 2-propenal, 3-(4-m athoxyphenyl)-. ............................................................................................................

1963-36-6

110. benzaldehyde, 3,4-diethoxy-. ................................................................................................................

2029-94-9

111. 4-pentenal .. ...........................................................................................................................

. ............... 2100-17-6 112. benzaldehyde, 2,3,4-tim et xy. ...................................................... 2.....................

2103-57-3 113. 1-cyclohexene-l-carboxal ehyde , 4-(1-m ethytethenyl). .............................. ................................................................................

2111-75-3

114. acetaldehyde, phenoxy-. ..................................................................................................................

2120-70-9

115. propanal, 3-hydroxy-. .... ... .... . ....................................................................................................

.................................. 2134-29-4 116. benzaidehyde, 2,3,4-trhydroxy.. ..............................................................................................................

...... .. ......... 2144-08-3

117. benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dlm et -. ........................................................................................................

2233-18-3

118. 6-nonenal, (2) ..........................................................................................................................

2277-19-2

119. 2, 4-decadienal .........................................................................................................................

... .............................. 2363-88-4

120. 2-octenal .............................................................................................................................

..... 2363-89-5 121. 6-octenal, 3,7-dim ethyl-, (R)- • ............................................................................................................

... . ............................ 2385-77-5 122. benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3,5-dtnittro- ..........................................................................................................

........................................... 2460-59-5 123. 2-nonena! .............................................................................................................................

.. ................ .............. 2463-53-

124. 2-heptenal ............................................................................................................................

............. 2463-63-0 125. 2-undecenal ...........................................................................................................................

. ... 2463-77-6 126. benzaldehyde, 4-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-. ...........................................................................................................

..... ..... . ............... 2539-53-9

127. 2-octenal, (E)-. . . . .... ... . ........................................ ...................................................................... ........... . ... ....... ......... ..... 2548-87-0 128. pentadecanal ...........................................................................................................................

2765-11-9

129. benzaldehyde, 3-brom o-4-hydroxy-5-m ethoxy-. ...................................................................................................

2973-76-4
Federal Regi ter I Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices 9543

Chemical Name CAS No.

130. 2',ne al, 2--penty .. ........................................................................................................

3021-89-4

131. 2- ute nal, 2-,m ethy -4-(2,6,6 -tuimeth l--oyc ahnen-1-y - .................................................................................

.............. ** ........................... 3155-71-3

132. m dldehyld e , 4+tt)o)- .3.................................................................................................

3446-89-7

133. 2- entenal, .-......................................................................................................

-methyl 3592-19-6

134. p pata , 8- d o y-2,2-bi(hydro ym ethyt)- ................................... .............................................................................

3618-32-4

135. 2-decenal ...............................................................................................................................

3913-71-1

136. 1.4-o e.' az " ... l ...j-' ;.yde .................................................................................................

4 164-39-0

137. ben a de , , 4-fdi he ya i" )- ................................................................................................

..............................................

4181-05-9

138. 2 ................................................................................ ................................................................................

4265-16-1

139. 2,44v ptad ienal, ........................................................................................................

*, 4313-03-5

140. benzenacetv ldehyde, 4-(1 met4ethy-) ............................................................................................

4395-92-0

141. ldehyde 4-pheny t " ). ...............................................................................................

4397-53-8

142. b mteneacetadehyde, a-ethy dene- ......................................... .........................................................................................

. 4411-89-.

143. e, e nal ...............................................................................................................

4440-65-7

144. beM z de yde , 2.4,6-tr etho y-. .................................................................................................

. 4460-86-0

145. 44 al, (2y- ........ ........................................................................................................................

4634-89-3

1415. benz yd , 4-et yl- .......................................................................................................

4748-78-1

147. 2-d decen l .............................................................................................................

. 4626-62-4

148. 2,6,9,11 -dedec te e al, ,,10-tr ethyl ...........................................................................................

4955-32-2

149. be zeneaoetale , -(2-phenylethyldene).. ........................................................................................

5031-8 -4

150. be,-id-ehyde, L " xy 8-itro- .................................................................................................

........... 5274-70-4

151. 2-pentenal, 4-m et ................................................. ..................................................................................................

.. 5382-56-1

152. ber epenal, 4-m ethyl- ..................................................................................................................

5406-12-2

153. 14 ole- c, h e 2-methyl-........................................ -me # ............................................................................................-.... . . . . . . . . 5416-80-S

154. ben lde d , 4-*jdmr y-8-lodo-8-methoxy-. ......................................................................................................

.. . . . 5438-36-8

155. 1 cycie[2.2.1]hept,5 e-2-c a idehyde e ............................................................................................

......... 5453-80

1M6. benz dehyde, 4 propo xy ..........................................................................................

5735 -85-

157. ben dehyde, 4 buto y.. .....................................................................................................

5736-88-9

158. b aldehy , ...................................................................................................

.............................................

5736-91-4

159. be zaldehyde, 4-(h xylm y) ....................................................................................................

5736-94-7

160. 2. 4- eptadienal ...........................................................................................................

5910-85-

1. 2 , 4-nonadiena , (E f )- ......................................................................................................................

5910-87-2

1162. 2-ropenal, 844- m ethy m no)phe y - .......................... .. 6.......................

6203- 18-5

3. bezaldeyde, 2,4-dihydroxy-3nethyl-. ...........................................................................................

6248-20-0

64. benzaldehyde, 3.4 d chloro-. ....................................................................................................

8287-38-3

165. ,benzeehyde . dich .....................................................................................................

63 4-18-5

166. propenal, ld thy m )-2,2-dim ethyl-. .........................................................................................................

6343-47-1

167. benzaldehyde, 2 ch oro,- itro ...................................................... . . . ................................................................................

................. ............6361-21-3

168. 2-propenal, 2-m ethy" - -( i-m ethyethy )ptien y -. ..................................................................................................

6 02-23-4

169. 4-tex nsal, 5-m ethyl-2-(1-m ethylethen yt)-, (R )-. ........................................................................................

6544-40-7

170. benzaldehyde, 2t4r m o .....................................................................................................................

6630-33-7

171. ndecanal, 2-ethylidene- ......................................................................................................

67 20-16-7

172. 2-hexenal, (E)- ...........................................................................................................................

6728-26-3

173. 4-teptenal, ...........................................................................................................................

6728-31-0

174. 2, 4-,nonad e .al ...........................................................................................................

6750-03-4

175. 3-tM xenal, (2)-. ..........................................................................................................

6769-80-6

176. b enza lehyde, p tyj. ......................................................................................................

....... ......... . 0853-57-2

177. 2-propenal, 3-(1,3-benzodioxol 5-yl)-2-m ethyl- .....................................................................................................

6974-47-6

178. 9,10-anthracenedicaf ox e ydehyde ................................................................................................

7044-91-9

179. 2-thiophe e arboxaldehyde, 5-ch oro -. .............................................................................................

7283-96-7

1 0. hexa a l, 2- t t hy ne)-. .................................................................................................

........................ 7492-44-6

'1. - e e , [(3, -dim ethy -octeny )oxy]-. .........................................................................................

7492-6 7-3

182. 3-cyclohe l-e-1 carboxa d ehyde, 4-4 ethyl- ..........................................................................................

........... 7560-64-7

163. 1-Mperazinecarboxa dehyde ...................................................................................................

............... 7755-92-2

184. 2-trdecena7 ..............................................................................................................

7774-82-5

1 5. octanal, 2-m ethyt- ..........................................................................................................

7786-29-0

1186. beren eacetatdehyde, 2-m ethyl-. ................................................................................................

............... 10166-08-2

1 7. be aldehyde, 3, chho .....................................................................................................

10203-0 8-4

168. 1-naphtha em cetaldehyde, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-. .......................................................................................

10484-28

189. trindecanal ...............................................................................................................

10486-19-8

190. cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde, 2,2,6-trmethyt-. .........................................................................................

13155-57-2

1 1. 2,4-pentadienal, -ph eny- .....................................................................................................

13466-40-5

192. 2-thiophen carbox yde, 5-m ethyl .............................................................................................

13679-70-4

193. 5-W m idi ecarbw aldehyde, 4-am ino- -chlro-. ........................................................................................

14160-93-1

194. 2-p entenal, 2.,-m ethyl-, (E)-. ..................................................................................................................

14250-96-5

195. 1 -lndole-3-c rboxaldehyde, 1-m ethoxy-2'phenyl-. .....................................................................................

14960-63-5

196. propanal, 3,(dim ethy anino)-2,2dim ethyl-. .......................................................................................................

15451-14-6

197. propana , 2 m ethyl-2.,(m ethytthio)-. .............................................................................................................

16042-21-0

T98. butanal, 3-t me j h o)-. ......................................................................................................

1 630-52-7

199. B-nonadienal, -(E C-)- .......................................................................................................................

17587-3 "

200. 2,8 ,1 1-dodec atetr al, 2.6,10-tim ethyl-, (E,E,E)-. ................................................................................................

17909-77-2

201. 3-cy-carboxatdehyde, 2-(1-m ethylalt ) ......................................................................................

18126-38-0

202. berenepropan l, 4-(1,1-direthylethyl)-. ............................................................................................

18127-01-0

203. propanal, 3-t tyd xy-2-(hydroxym ethy )-2-m ethyl .......................................................................................

18516-18-2

204. 2-beptena , (E)-...... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 18829-55-5

205. 2-nonenal, (E)- ................................................... .....................................................................................................

. 18 29-56-6

206. decanal, 2-m ethyl-. .........................................................................................................

1900 -56-4

207. 2 utenal, 2-ethyl-. ..........................................................................................................

19780-25-7

208. nonanal. 2-be rzytidene- ......................................................................................................

20175-19-3

209. 2-dodecenal, (E)-. .........................................................................................................................

20 40 7-84-5

210. 2- ctenal, (Z)-. ...........................................................................................................

20064-46-4

211. cyc ohexanecarboxa ldehyde, 4-(1,1-d Tm ethylethyt)-. .....................................................................................

20691-52-5
9544 Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name CAS No.

212. 7-decenal, (2)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21661-97-2

213. 4-decenal (2)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21662-09-9

214. 2,6-dodecadienal, (E,2)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21662-13-5

215. 2,4-dodecadienal, (E,2)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21662-15- -7

216. 2,4-dodecadienal, (E E)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21662-16-8

217. benzeneacetaldehyde, a-(3-m ethylbutylidene)- ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21834-92-4

218. benzaldehyde, 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22042-73-5

219. 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde, 3,5-dim ethyl-l-phenyl- ................................................................................................................................................................ 22042-79-1

220. undecanal, 2-m ethylene-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22414-68-2

221. decanal, 2-m ethylene- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22418-65-1

222. 6-octenal, 3,7-dim ethyl-2-m ethytene................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22418-66-2

223. acetaldehyde, (m ethylthio)-. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23328-62-3

224. 5,9-undecadienal, 2,6,10-trim ethyl- ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24048-13-3

225. benzaldehyde, 4-(octyloxy)-. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24083- 13-4

22 . benzaldehyde, 4-azido-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24173-36- 2

227. pregn-4-ene-20-carboxaldehyde, 3-oxo- ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 24254-0 1-1

228. benzeneace taldehyde, a-2-propeny . ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 24401-36- 3

229. benzaldehyde, 2-m ethoxy.5.nitro ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25016-02-8

230. 2-butenal, 2-[(acetyloxy)m ethyl]-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25016-79-0

231. 2,4-decadienal, (E E)- ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25152-84-5

232. hexanal, 2-ethylidene- ................................. ...................................................................................................................... 25409-08-9

233. butanal, 4-hydroxy- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25714-71-0

234. acetaldehyde, (3,3-dim ethylcyclohexylidene)-, (2).. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26532-24-1

235. acetaldehyde, (3,3-dim ethylcyclohexylidene)-, (E)-. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26532-25-2

236. benzeneaceta ldehyde, a-(2-m ethylpropylidene)-. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26643-91-4

237. benzaldehyde, 4-(heptyloxy)-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27893-4 1-0

238. 2-pentenal, 2-ethyl-4-m ethyl-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28419-86- 5

239. butanal, 2-(phenylm ethylene)-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28467-92-7

240. benzaldehyde, 4-propyl-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28785-06-0

241. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde. 1,2-diphenyl-. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29329-99-5

242. 3-cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, a, 4-dim ethyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 29548-14-9

243. 2,4- ctadienal, (E,E)-. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................. 30361-28-5

244. 2,4-undecadienal, (E E)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30361-29-6

245. 4-decenal .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30390-50-2

246. nonadienal .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30551-17-8

247. 4,7-M ethano-lH-indenecarboxalde hyde, octahydro-. ............................ : ....................................................................................................................................... 30772-79- 3

248. bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-acetaldehyde, 6,6-dim ethyt-. ............................................................................................................................................................ 30897-75- 7

249. benzaldehyde, dichloro-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31155-09-6

250. 2-furanproplonaldehyde, P , 5-dim ethyl. .................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... 31704-80-0

251. o-Tolualdehyde, 4-[ethyl(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)amino]-, carbanilate (ester) .................................................................................................................. 32089-69-3

252. 3-butenal, 2-m ethyl-4-(2,6,6-trim ethyl-l-cyclohexen-1-yl). ..................................................................................... t .................................................................... 32791-31-4

253. 4,9-decadienal, 2,5,9-trim ethyl ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32803-39- 7

254. 1H, 5H-benzo[ij]qulnolizine-9-carboxaldehyde, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-. ........................................................................................................................................... 33985-71-6

255. benzeneacetaldehyde, a-m ethyl-4-(1-m ethylethyl)-. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34291-99- 1

256. 6-octenal, 3-ethenyl-3,7-dim ethyl- ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34687-42-8

257. 6-octenal, 3-ethyl-3,7-dim ethyl-. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34687-43-9

258. 2-heptenal, 2-propyl. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34880-4 3-8

259. 2-hexenal, 5-m ethyl-2-(1-m ethylethyl)-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 35158-25-9

260. 11-Tetradecenal, (2)-. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35237-64-0

261. benzaldehyde, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-. .............. : ................................................................................................................................................................. 35295-35-3

262. benzaldehyde, 4-(1,1.2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 35295-36-4

263. benzaldehyde, 4-[bis[2-(benzoytoxy)ethyl am ino]-2,5-dim ethoxy-. ........................................................................................................................................... 35473-23-5

264. 11-tetradecenal, (E) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35746-21-5

265. blcyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, (1a,2a,4B)- ............................................................................................................. 36208-33-0

266. btcyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2.carboxaldehyde, 4-methyl-l-(1-methylethyl)-, (1a,2a,4l)- ............................................................................................................. 36208-34-1

267. bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, (la,23,4 )- .............................................................................................................. 36208-35-2

268. bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 4-methyi-l-(1-methylethyl)-, (la,2fl,4,)- ....................................................................................................... 36208-59-0

269. 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 5-ethyl- .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 36880-33-8

270. dodecanal, 2-m ethyl-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37596-36-4

271. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4-[2-(3,3-dim ethyloxiranyl)ethyl]-. ........................................................................................................................................ 37677-09- 1

272. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 3-[2-(3,3-dim ethyloxiranyl)ethyl]-. ........................................................................................................................................ 37677-10-4

273. 2-propenal, 3-bicyclo[2.2.1 hept-5-en-2-yl-2-m ethyl-. .................................................................................................................................................................. 38284-4 2-3

274. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxa ldehyde, 2,4-dim ethyl-6-propyl-. ........................................................................................................................................................... 39067-36-2

275. bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2.carboxaldehyde, 3-propyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................... 3908 7-39-5

276. 8-none nal ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39770-04-2

277. 9-decenal ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39770- 05- 3

276. propanal, 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxym ethyl) ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 40364-80-5

279. 2,6-nonadienal, 3,7-dim ethyl- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41448-29-7

280. acetaldehyde. [(3,7-dim ethyloctyl)oxy]-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 41767-0 5-9

281. acetaldehyde, (2-phenylethoxy)-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41847-88-5

282. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-lopropenyl)-, (1a,28,5.)-. ........................................................................................................... 42507-55-1

283. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2omethyl--propeny)-, (1a,2,6,5a)-. ........................................................................................................... 42507-56-2

284. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-l-propenyl)-, (1a,2a,5,6). ........................................................................................................... 42507-57-3

285. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-l-propenyl)-, (1a,2a,5a)-. ........................................................................................................... 42507-58-4

286. benzaidehyde, 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)am ino ]-. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 42906-19-4

287. 2-octenal, 2-methyl-, (E)-. ................................................................................. 49576-57-0

288. benzaldehyde, 4-octyl- ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49763-66-8

289. benzaldehyde, 4-hexyl-. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49763-69- 1

290. benzaldehyde, 4-(1-oxopropoxy)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50262-4 8-1

291. pentanal, 5,5-dim ethoxy-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 50789-30-5

292. 3-cyclohexene- -carboxa ldehyde, 3-(4-hydroxy.-4-m ethylpentyl)-. .............................................................................................................................................. 51414-25-6

293. 5-heptenal, 2.2,6-trm ethyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52279-0 0-2
Federal Register / Vol. 56, Ne. 44 / Wednesday,, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name

9545

CAS No.

294. 3-cyolohemene-1-oe oxldehyde, 1-m thyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-. ........................................................................................................... .............. 524744-60-9

295. 3-cyloheme-1-oerbo ndehyde, 3-(4-methyl-3-pnteny) ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2...5....... 47-89-5

296. bern ldehyde, 3(hloemethyl-4-methoxy- ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52577-09-0

297. cyclehexeseoeb e~ hyde, 2,6,6-trimethy .................................................................................... l .......................... ......... ............... .. 62844-21-D

29. 2-prpenl, 2m o-3-metoy ........................................... .............................................................................................................................................. 52955-4-6

29. aoetuldehye. (ootyly- ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5348-14-5

300. 0-W deoeeI. ().)- ................................................................................................................................................................................................... S3939--274

301. 1 14 xadeoen , (2)- ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... 53939-24-

302. bemfdkyde, *OyI .............................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ 53951-50-1

309. S."5 ,-deoede , 2,6,10-4-methyl- ................................................................................... . ........................................................................ ....... 54082-68-7

304. 3-cyoloheuee-1-oebomWldehyde, 5.(3-hydmoy3-methyibutd)-3-mthyi-. ......................................................................................................................... 54221-01-1

305. 2,44tradeoedie .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54306-035

06. cylohexefecerbekolehyde, (4-methyl-3-penteny)- .............................................................................................................................................................. 54323-26-1

307. 6-otenal, 7-methyl*3-m thyle ................................................................................................................................................................................................ . 55050-40--3

306. acetdehyd 1-ethyl-i dro3,3-dimethyl.5-phenylsulfonyl).2Hindol-2ylidene- ........................................................................................................ S5203-66-2

309. 36-ectadm , 3,7-dimethyl- .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55722-59-3

310. 4hemnal, 2-etheyl-2,S4methyl- .........................................................................................................................................................................................-.. 56134-05-5

311. S4,wewdooerie, -(,Z) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56219-04"

312. 2.4,nOe ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56260-22-

314. 2,4-etad l, (EE- .................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... 56767-18-1 314. 7-howdeoW, (7)- ................................................. ................... ....... ............................. .......... ................ ...... .... ..... ........ ..... ............................................. .... 56797-40--1

315. 4-I ezoe be~x d de, 205odihydr-2-m thy-5oxo.3-phenyl. ............................................................................................................................ 5 879-25-2

316. benzwen e*aoe l dey , a 2/-lanylmethylene)- ................................................................................... .......................................... ......... 5756660-2

317. 4-hexenal, S-met .......................................................................................................................... ....... 58191-81-4

318. 2-nphthlenecasboxaidhyde, 3-ethyl-5,68,7,8-tetrahydro.5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-.......................................................................................................... 58243-85-9

319. 6-gndecenal ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58296 1-4

320. beozaldehyde, 2AoG4;4 w -. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 58470-10-3 6...... 321. 2,6.decad*W , 3,, trkmthy-. ................................ .. . ..... ....... .... ......... ...................................... .................................................................................... ...... 58605-97-3 322. 7- enal, 4,-dmthy- 3.u................... ................ .. ..................... ...................................................................... . 5.7........8. 587724M-1

323. 2,3b-methano-Sbflcycgenta 1,3 cyclopropa 1,2 bonzene-4-carboxaldehyde, octahydro-77,8,8-tetramethyl- ............................................... ............. 59056-66-6

324. popanal. 2bomo-3,3dimethoxy- ........ .... .................................................................................................... 59453-00-6

325. 4,7.metha'lo-N-ndene-6.caboxadehyde, 2a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, (3aa,4axa,7 a. 7aa)-. . ........... . .......................................... ...... 5 6...9 I-22-4

326. 4,7-metlhao-IH-ndene-5 arboxaldehyde, 3n,4.5.6,7,7a-hexahydro, (a,4a.7,7a.)- ............................ 5961-20-5

327. 2-p tenal, -meth 2 ( t thio) y - . .. ................................... .. 59902-01-1

328. 2,41-dadecatLeai. 2,6-dimethyl-10-methylene- ............ ......... ......................................................................... 60066-88-

329. 2,4 -deca a, 2,5,9-timethyl- ........ .... ........ ..... ............. .................................................................... 60437-19-6

330. 0-exadecen.al 14.methyl-, , (4)-. ........... . ... . .................. .............................................................................................. 60609-56-2

331. 2-nerenal, (- .............. ...................... ...... .................................................................................................... 60784-31-4

332. 2,4N4decadienal .... ................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 60996-24-6

333. 4-hexenal, 5-methyl.2(1-methylethylidene)-, dihydro der.t. ..... .............................................................................................................................. 61792-5-8

334. 2H.2,4a-methanonaphthalene-8.carboxaldehyde, 1.3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-, (2S) ................................................................................... 61826-54-4

335. heptanal, 6 .melhoxy,2 l ......... ymet ... .. m...........................t.......................................................................................................................... 6243941-2

336. IN, SH-bwEzo oijlquinilzine.9.carboxadehyde, 2,3,6,7-t9Irahydro-6-hydroxy- ... ............................................................. 63149-33-7

337. benzaldehyde, 2-htdroxy.5-nonyl-. ........................... ................................. . .................. ......... ...... .63....1..................0.................. 6375 -4

338. 2-4bad OenaL. ............... ....................... ............................................................................................... 64461-99-0

39. dec al, 2 thyldene- .... . ... ............ ........ . ..................................... 64625-20-3

40. benddehyde, 4-0222.(benzoyloxy)ethynjamino- ................................. . .... 65072-25-5

341. 2-propena, 3,(4-methoyphey)-2-methyl-. . . .. .. ........................................................................................................................ 65405-67-6

342. 4-decenal, (E)- ..... .................... ...... ............................................................................................................................... 65405-70-1

343. a taldehyde, (3,7.dimethyl-2,8-octadienyl)oxy.-, (E)- . ............................................................................................................................................... 65405-73-4

44. colohexenb ana, a,2e-tramethyl- ...................... ................................................................................................................................ . 65405-84-7

945. 2oy1ohexene-lca ehyde, 4-(4-methyl-3-penteny)-l-(2-propenyl)-. ............................. 6.........7.......................................

66310-72-

6. tumnepopanal, 4-cyclopentyl-a-methyl-. ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . 6867-37-6

347. 3,oclohmo e -1-cato aidehyd , 3.5,6-trimethyl-. ..... ............................................................................ . . . .... . 67634-07-6

34. tlcolo[2.2i2octane2-carboxaldehyde, 6-(1-methylethyl)-. ....................................................................................................................................... 67662-97-

34I. 3-ycqlotxene-1-catoxaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(4-methy-4-pentet)-. ........................................................................................................................ 67746-28-4

350. b ret, 2ohydrow-3-methyl- ............................ ...................................... ................................................................................................................ 67755-97-9

351. 2popenWl, 3-(2,2-dimethy-6-methylenacyclohexyl)-2-nethyl- ..................................................................................................................... 67801-1-2 0................. 

352. 2,pmpenal. 2-melhyl-3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexeno1-yi) ........ ............................................................................................................................... $7801-14-3

352. c*na, 2-(2fu) . ..... . .... .............. .... . ...................................... . .......... 67801-17-6

354. 24 hthaIneacatadehyde. 567,88-tetrahydro- .............................................................................................................................................................. 67801-18-7

35S. Utie nal, 2-(2-xranylmnethylene)- ... ....... .. ........................................................................................................................................... 67601-21-2

356. 3 doht xene-l-ca oxaldehyde, 3,6-dimethyl-. ...........................................................................-.................................... ..... ...... 67801-654

357. bmmldehyde, 24,5-triethoxy................................................................................................................................................................................................... 67827-54-7

35B. biclo[22.2]oct-5-ene-2-caboxadehyde, 6-methyl-8-(1-methylethy)-. ................................................................................................................................... 67845-30-1

350. soetaldehyde, (4-methylphenoxy). ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 67845-46-9

360. acetaldehyde, 14-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2-methylphenoxy]-. ....................................... 67846 7...............................................

-53"

3'. - ioyclo[2.2.2oct-5-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) ............................................................................................................................... 67890-79-3

W2. bicvlo[2.2.2oct-5.ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 4-methyl-l-(1-methylethyl)..7................................................................................................................................... 67920-94-9

363. 2-Vclohaxne--car oxaldehyde, 6-[,(-methyethyl)-2-propeny- ............................................... ............................. . . . . . . . . . 67052-55-0

264. popanal, 2-mOh¥2-Imethyldithio). ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 67952-60-7

305. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 3, 5-dimethy- ........................................................................................................................................................................ 68036-48-6

366. 2-ylohemxee1-caxboxaldehyde, 2, 4-dimethyl-. ...........................................................................................................-......... 680394984

367. ha nal, 3.3. 5-trifethy- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68039-71-4 36. beweneacetaldehyde, 4-athy ............................................................................................................................................................. ................ 68083-54-6

SM. bmweneacetaldehyde, 2, 4-dimethyl-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 68083-55-6

370. 3-Sedecenal .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68083-57-4

374. petnal, 3-ethoxy-4-methyl-. ................................................................................................................................................................................... ; ....................... 68084-08-2

372. oydohexenecarboxadehyde, dimethyl-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 68064-52-

373. aoetaldehyde. (3-hexenytoxy)-. (2). .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 68133-72-2

374. 3-cyclohexene-l-c~aoxadehyde, 3,5-dimethyl--propyl-. .................................................................................... ....................... 68140-4-5

375. 3-cVclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2,4, 6-tmethyl-l-(2-propenyt)-. ......................................................................................................................................... 68140-56-
9548 Federal Ikegister ] VoL 56, No. 44 -/ Wednegday, March 6,'1991 . Notices

Chemical Name CAS No.

376. 3-cyclohexene-l-carbo xaldehyde, 1-m ethyl-2-(1-m ethyletheny!). ......................... .................................................................................................................... 68140-59"-

377. 3,4-octadienal, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-5,7-dim ethy- ................................................................................................................................................................................. 68140-60-3

378. nonanal, 5-ethyl-2-m ethyt- ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68141-14-0

379. 3-dodecenal, (2). ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68141-15-1

380. acetaldehyde, (3,7-dim ethyl-2,6-octadienyl)oxy]- .................................................... ................................................................................................................... 68213-87-6

381. benzeneacetaldehyde, ar, a-diethyl- ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 68 228-11-5

382. btyc lo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carbo xaldehyde, 5(or 6)-m ethyl-7(or 8)-(l-m ethylethyt)-6. ................................................................................................................ 68 259-31-4

383 bicyclo(2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, 3,5(or 3,6)-dim ethyl-7(or 8)-(1-m ethylethy l)- ....................................................................................................... 68259-32-5

384. hexanal, 2,3,5,5-tetram ethyl-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68391-29-7

385 acetaldehyde, (4-m ethoxyphenoxy)-. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 68426-09-5

386 benzaldehyde, 2,4-bis( l-m ethylethyl)-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 68459-05-0

387. butanal, 3-(heptyloxy)-2-oxo- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68 555- 32-8

388. 2-butenal, 2-m ethyl.4-(2,6,6-trim ethyl-2-cyclohexen- -y). ........................................................................................................................................................... 68555-62-4

389. 3-cyclohexene-l-a rboxaldehyde, dim ethyl-. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 68737-6 1-1

390. 2-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................. 68738-94-3

391. 2-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, octahydro-5,5-dim ethyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................. 68738-96-5

392. acetaldehyde, 2,6-bis(1,1-dim ethylethyl)-4-m ethytphenoxy]-. ...................................................................................................................................................... 68797-73-9

393. benzeneacetaldehyde, 3,4-dim ethyl-. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 68844-97-3

394. 4,9-decadlenal, 5,9-dim ethyl8. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68844-98-4

395. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 4-(4-hydroxy-3,4-dim ethylpentyl)- . ........................................................................................................................................ 68891-88-3

396. acetaldehyde, (2-furanythio)-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68922-05-4

397. 2-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-5,5-dim ethy-. ................................................................................................................................... 68991-96-8

398. 2-naphthalenecarbo xaldehyde, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahyd ro-8,8-dim ethyl-. ................................................................................................................................... 68991-97-9

399. 2-furana rboxalde hyde, tetrahydro-5-oxo-, (R7)-. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 70606-00,-7

400. 4,9-decadienal, 4,8-dim ethyl-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71077-31-1

401. 11,13-hexadeadlenal, (Z,Z)- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 71317-73-2

402. dodeanal, 11(or 12 -m ethyl ...................................................................................................... .......... .......................................................................................... 71566-52-4

403. benzaldehyde, 4-[(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ethylam ino]-2-m ethy-, sulfate (1:1) (salt) ................................................................................................................... 71673-10-4

404. 1,5-cyclododecadienecarboxaldehyde. trim ethyl- .................................................................................................................................................................. . 71735-8 7-0

405. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 1,2,4(or 1,3,5)-trim ethyl- . ...................................................................................................................................................... 71832-78-5

406. acetaldehyde, (2,6-dim ethylphenoxy)-. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 72102-89-7

407. benzaldehyde, 4-(acetyloxy)-3-ethoxy-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 72207-94-4

408. 2-hexenal, 4(or 6)-m ethyl-2-propyl-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 72208-09-4

409. heptanal, 3,5,5-trim ethyl ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72333-11-0

410. 5-octenal, 2,6-dim ethyl-. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72845-35-3

411. cinnam aldehyde, still bottom s ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 72869-33--1

412. acetaldehyde, (decyloxy) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 72894-07-6

413. 10-undecenal, 2-ethylidene- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72894-14-5

414. 2,12-trideca dienal .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72894 -15-6

415. benzeneacetaldehyde, 3.m ethyl. .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72927-80-1

416. acetaldehyde, [(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano- H -nden-6-yl)oxy]. ............................................................................................................................. 72927-85-6

417. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 5.(2.hydroxy-2.rnethylpropylidene)-. ..................................................................................................................................... 72927-97-0

418. 4,9-decadienal, 2,4,8-tim ethyl-. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72928-00-8

419. acetaldehyde, C(3a,4,5,6,7.7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-lH- enden-5-yl)oxy]-. ............................................................................................................................ 72928-15-5

420. 2-cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, a, 2-dim m ethyl-5-(l-m ethylethenyl)-. .......................................................................................................................................... 72928-28-0

421. undecanal, 2-m ethyl-2-(2-propenyl)-. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 72928-37-1

422. acetaldehyde, [4-(1,1-dim ethylethyl)phenoxy]-. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 2928-50-8

423. 3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 2-(2-hydroxy-2-m ethylpropylidene)-. ..................................................................................................................................... 72939-53-

424. 2-cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde , 2-m ethyl-5-(l-m ethylethenyl)-. .................................................................................................................................................. 72983-68-7

425. 2-butenal, 2,3-dim ethyl-4-(2,6,6-timethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-. .................................................................................................................................................... 73507-49-0

426. 3-butenal, 2,3-dim ethyl-4-(2,6,6-trim ethyl-l-cyclohexen-l.yl). .................................................................................................................................................... 73507-50-3

427. 4,7-m ethano- H-indene-2-carboxaldehyde, octahydro-5-m ethoxy-8. ........................................................................................................................................... 86803-90-9

428. 1H-indenecarboxaldehyde, 2,3,3a,4,5,6- hexahydro-l,3,3-trim ethyl-. ............................................... .......................................................................................... 94406-15-2

429. biphenyl, polybrom o ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... No CAS No.

430. brom ophenol (brl-br2. br5) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. No CAS No.

431. carbam ate, bis(dibrom opropyl). ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... No CAS No.

432. phosphite, bis(2,3-dibrom opropyl)-. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. No CAS No.

433. biphenyl, polybrom o- (br8-brlO) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... No CAS No.

434. phosphite ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ No CAS No.

435. toluene, tetrabrom ochloro- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... No CAS No.

436. brom nated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... ............... No CAS No.

437. carbam ate, dibrom opropyl-. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. No CAS No.

438. phosphite, allyl bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)-. ...................................................................................................................................................................... ................... No CAS No.

439. phosphoryl chloride, bis(dibrom op opyl)-. ...................................................................................................................................................................................... No CAS No.

440. 1-propanol, 2,3-dibrom o-, phosphate (3:1) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 126- 72-7

441. phenol, pentabrom o ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 608-71-9

442. brom inated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 623-27-8

443. brom nated terphenyls ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 626-19-7

444. oxetane, 3,3-bis(brom om ethyl)-. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2402-83-7

445. oxirane, brom oethyl ........................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................. 3132-64-7

446. brom inated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3365-02-4

447. brom inated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3365--03-5

448. benzene. pentabrom o(2-propenyloxy)-. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3555-11-1

449. brom inated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4266-99-3

450. brom inated terphenyls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4456-49-9

451. phenol, 2,6-dibrom o-4-[1-(3-brom o-4-hydroxypheny)-l-m ethylethyl]-. ...................................................................................................................................... 6386-73-8

452. 1,2-benzenedicarbo xytic acid, bis(2,3-dibrom opropyl) ester ...................................................................................................................................................... . 7415-86-3

453. brom inated terphenyls ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10273-74-2

454. phosphonium , 1,2-ethanediylbis[tris(2-cyanoethyl)]-, dibrom ide ................................................................................................................................................ 10310-38-0

455. oxirane, (2.bromoethyl)-. .................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13287-42-8

456. 1,1'-biphenyl, 2.2,3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'.-decabrom o- ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13654-09-

457. 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. 3,4,5,6-tetrabrom o-, alum inum salt (3:2) .................................................................................................................................... 13654-74-5
Federal Register ./ VoL 56, No., 44, / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices 9547

Chemical Name CAS No.

458. fum ai dc aid, bis(pentabrom ophenyl) ester .......................................................................................................

15108-51 -7

459. 4,7-methano-IH-ndene, 1,2-dibromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-. ........................................................................

18300-044

460. 1,2-benzenedicarboxyl dic acid, 3,4,5,6-tetrabrom o-, dipotass tum salt .....................................................................................

18824-74-3

461. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

19799-37-2

462. brorninated terphenyts ....................................................... ..............................................................................................

20653-70-7

463 ethanol, 2-(2,4,6-tibrom ophenoxy)- ............................................................................................................

.....................................................

23976-66-1 464. fum aric acid, bis(2,4,6-tribrom ophenyl) ester ......................................................................................................

.................. 24138-34-9

465. phenol, tribrom o- ..........................................................................................................................

25376-38-9

468. ethene, dibrom o ..........................................................................................................................

25429-23-6

467. poly[oxy(2,6-dibrom o-1,4-phenylene)J] ..........................................................................................................

26023-27-8

468. benzene, tribrom o(2-propenyloxy)-. ............................................................................................................

26762-91-4

469. 1,1'-biphenyl, nonabrom o. ..................................................................................................................

27753-52-2

470. 1,1'-biphenyl, ar, at , at , ar, a r', at', ar, ar -octabrom o- ...............................................................................................

27858-07-7

471. brom inated terpheny s .....................................................................................................................

29605-98-9 472. phenlol, brom o ...........................................................................................................................

.............. 32762-51-9

473. phenol, 4,4'-(1-me th yleth yIidene)bis 2,6-dibrom o-, diacetate ...........................................................................................

33798-02-6

474. brom inaeted terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

.........................................................

36719-77-4 475. toluene, 2-chloro, tetrabrom o- ................................................................................................................

39569-21-6

476. phenol, 4,4'osutfonylbis(2,6-dibrom o)-. ...........................................................................................................

39635-79-5

477. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

40817-03-

478. phenol, dibrom o-, phosphate (3:1) .............................................................................................................

49690-63-3

479. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

51211-09-7

480. 1-propanol. 2,3-dibrom o, carbam ate ............................................................................................................

55190-46-0

481. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

57313-42-5

482. brom lnated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

57313-44-7

483 . brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

57313-47-0

484. phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrabrom o-5-m ethyl- ...................... ......................... ......................................................................................

58169-99 4

485. ethanol, 2-(pentatxom ophenoxy) ..............................................................................................................

............. 60593-0 2-4

486, carbam ic acid, bis(2.3-dibrom opropyl)-, ethyl ester .................................................................................................

60728-46-3

487. 2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphaspiro[5.5]undecane, 3,9-bis[3-romo-2,2-bls(bromomethyl)propoxy]-, 3,9-dioxide ........................................................

61090-89-9

488. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

65449-00-5

489. phosphoric acid, 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-3-chloropropyI bis[2-chloro-l-(chloromethyl)ethylJ ester .................................................................

66108-37-0

490. benzene, dibrom o(2-propenyloxy)- .................................................... .......................................................................................

. 66 741-6 5-9

491. diphenoxyethane, decabrom o ................................................................................................................

68 797-39-5

492. phenol, 2,4,6-tibrom o-, carbonate (2:1) .........................................................................................................

67990-32-3

493. phenol, pentabrom o., alum inum salt ............................................................................................................

68 084-29-7

494. 1,2-benz enedicarboxylic acid, 3,4,5,6-tetrabrom o-, m agnesium salt (1:1) ..................................................................................

68084-3 1-1

495. 2-Sutenedioic acid (Z)-, bis(pentabrom ophenyl) es ter ...............................................................................................

68091-86-1

496. benzene, pentabrom o[2-(tetrabrom ophenoxy)ethoxy]-. ..............................................................................................

68299-26-3

497. benzene, pentabromo[2-(tetrabromochlorophenoxy)ethoxyl-. ..........................................................................................

68299-27-4

498. benzene, 1,3,5-tribrom o-2-(2-brom oethoxy)- ......................................................................................................

68413-71-8

499. benzene. brom inated chlorinated ..............................................................................................................

68 583-99-3

500. hexanedioic acid, bis[3-bromo-2-(bromomethy -2-(hydroxymethy)propyl] ester .............................................................................

70776-34-0

501. brom ina ted terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

73206-29-8

502. brom lna ted terphenyla .....................................................................................................................

73206-30-1

503. brom inated terphenyts .....................................................................................................................

73206-31-2

504. brominated terphenyls ................................................... ...................... 73206-32-3

505. brom lnated terphenyts .....................................................................................................................

73206-33-4

506. brom inated terpheny s .....................................................................................................................

73216-03-2

507. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

75594-47-7

50 8. brom inated terphe nyls .....................................................................................................................

89961-0 7-9

509. brom nated terphenyls ................................... .................................................................................................

89961-08-0

510. brom inated terpheny s .....................................................................................................................

89961-0 9- 1

511. brom lnated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

89961-10 -4 512. brom inated terphe nyls .....................................................................................................................

89961-11-5

513. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

89961-12-6

514. brom nated terphenlsyls .....................................................................................................................

89961-13-7

515. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

95918-83-5

516. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

95918-85-7

517. brom inated terpheny$ .....................................................................................................................

95919- 18-9

518. brom inated terphenyts .....................................................................................................................

95919- 20-3

519. brom ina ted terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

95919-22-5

520. brom lnated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

95919-23-6

521. brom lnated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

......................... 101710-68-3

522. brom inated terphenyls .....................................................................................................................

108802-71-7

523. brom inated terphe nyts .....................................................................................................................

......................................... 122216-73-3

524. Naphthalene , 1 socyanato- ..................................................................................................................

86-84-0

525. benzene, 1,1'-m ethylene bis(4 -socyana to-3-m ethy).. ................................................................................................

139-25-3 526. benzene, 1-isocyana to-3-m ethyl-. ..............................................................................................................

621-29-4

527. benzene, 1-isocyanato-2-methoxy-. ............................................................................................................

........ 700-87-8

528. sulfuryl chloride Isocyanate ..................................................................................................................

1189-71-5

529. propane, 2-socyanato-2-m ethyl- .. . ... ..........................................................................................

1609-86- 5

530. propane, 2-socyanato .....................................................................................................................

1795-48-8

531. diazene, (44socyanatoph nyl)phenyl-. ..........................................................................................................

1942-6 1-6

532. ethane, 1-chloro-2-lsocyanato- ...............................................................................................................

1943-83-5 533. hexadecane. 1-1socyanato- ..................................................................................................................

1943-84-6

534. hexane, 1-isocyanato ......................................................................................................................

.........................................................

2525-62-4

535. benzene, 1,1 -m ethylenebis(2-isocyanato)- .................................... ......................................................................................

2536-05-2

536. cyclohexane , 1,4-diisocyanato- ...............................................................................................................

2556-38-7

537. be r onltrile, 44sothlocyanato- ................................................................................................................

2719-32-6

538. acetyl Isocyanate, trichioro- ..................................................................................................................

3019-71-4

539. octane, 14socyanato-. ......................................................................................................................

3158-26-'
9548 Federal 'Register /, Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

Chemical Name CAS No.

540. N aphthalene, 1,5-dlsocyaneto- ..........................................................................................................

................ 3173-72-6

541. benzene, 1-c loro-2-socyanato ............................................................... ..........................................................................

3320-e3-0

542. benzene, 1 ocyanato-2-n o- ..................................................... ................................................................................

3320-86-3

543. benzene, 1- cyenato-3-r ro- ................................................................................................................. ... . . . . . ... .. 3320-87-4

544. benzene, 1,3-bs(ycy-natomet ) ..... ................................................................................................... ..... ... 3634-83-1

545. benzene. I,I'-oxbi4.4eocyanlo)- ............................................................ . . ... ............ ................ 4t28-78

546. dodecane, 1-aocyanato- ....................................... .......................................................... ...................................... 4202-36-4 2...........

547. benzene, 1,4-dichloro-2-socyanato- ........................................... ................................................................................

5392-82-5

548. benze -etho y-2 ocy ne .. .to- ............................................... ...............................................................................

.........................................5395-71-1

549. bem ene, 1.-es cyanato-4-methoxy- ........................................................................................................

5416-93-3

550. ehe an e ,4 ocyan a e y t. ........................................................................................

7046- -9

55t. cyct ohexane, i,4-bia(kKo anatomethy ...................................................................................................

10347.- 4-3 552. fom m arnice A ethenyt-. ........ ... ................. ....... ..... ................................................................................. ................................ ................. .................... ............ 13162-05-5

563. benzene, 4-ocyan to- -methyl-2-nito- ...................................................................................................

13471-69-7

554. a ne, P 4 anat opyi #methoxy- . ...................................................................................................

15396-00-6

555. socyankc acid, 12,356-tetracN ph enylene)dlmethyle ester .................................................................................

........ 6325-38-5

556. acetc acid, ieocyanao , but ester ......................................................................................................

.............. _... 7046-2 -9

557. mine, chko ($-sMw a topropyl)di et, .................................................................................................

............ 77070-70-1

55. 1.3diazetlkine-2, 4- ne, $.3- [4-[(44soyanoetophenyl)methy)-phen -..........................................................................

17589-24-1

559. benzene ulor ac 4-sothk ayan to-, sodium salt ..................................................................................... ..................................................

7 14- 6

560. benzene, 4soyaato -3.methoy- .......................................................................................................

18908-07-1

56t. isocyanic acid, (2,4-dloxo-$,3- wetdedyl)bls[methylene(3,5,5-Umethyl-3,1-cyclohexylene)] ester ..........................................................

23370-0W-5

562. mone, ethoxy(34 ocy opropyt)- ......... ............................................... . . .....................................................................

.. 24801-86-5 5G3. carnic acid, ocyanattomethylphenyl)-, $,2,3-ropanetriy ester ...............................................................................

28470-82-8

5 4. benzene. 1-chloo.4-(socyan opheno y ..................................................................................................

.. ............ 30087-46-8

565. 1,.ldiazetldln-2-one, 1.3.bi[4-[(44soan pheiyl)methyllphenyl-4-[[4-[(4-socyanatophenyi)methyll]ptnl]imino .............................. ......... 3107-36-5

566 benzene, thoxy4-locyanato- .........................................................................................................

32459-62-4

567. 1,5-naphthae sulfonic 3sothocyanato-, disodium salt ..................................................................................

............. 35888-63-2

56 . cyclohexane, 1,3.b s(locyanatomethyl) ...................................................................................................

38661-72-2

569. benzene, 2.cyanato-1,4.dimethyl- .. .. ............. ...... .........................................................

40397-9-0 570. beraontie, 4-socyanao. .............................................................................................................

. ....... 40465-45-0

571. benzoic acd 2-(formylano)-, 571.~~~~~~~~ lo)- me.y methy 4 eae....... ........ .se ....................... . ..... ................................... . . .

................ . ... ......... .. ................ .......... ....... .cd .......... .................... .......... :.................. 410 41270--8G-8 0-

572. cyclohexane, bls(isocyanatomethyl)- ......................................................................................................

42"170-25-2

573. benzenesunonlc acid, 5-aceyamino)-2-[2-(44sothioa to.2.sulfophenyl)etheny]-, disodium salt .........................................................

51023-76-8

574. 2-openo acid, 2-[[[(3locyanaowmethylpheny)agocarbony]oxy]ethyl ester .....................................................................

54554-30-1

575, carbamc acid, (3-isocyanawmethylpheny)-, 2-ethylhexye ester ...................................................................................

54634-94-5

576. urea, NV-bi[(5-.o an mto- I3-Uoheyc1 o )methyl-..................................................................................

..................................... 55525-64-7

577. cabetlc acid. (3-lsocyanatomethylenyl)k, 2-ethylhexyl ester ...................................... .......... ........................................................

5240-57-6

578. cafmic acid, (3-socwanatomethylpheny , oxyd-2,-ethanedlyl este ..............................................................................

60732-52-7

579L so[isobezouran-(3, 9'73Hxanthe l- ne, 3',6'-dilhydroxy-5 to nato-, hydrochlode .... ......... ................ . 3469-13-6

5O. cafmi aci 4-( oat)methyt c, ohexyl-, axy-1,2-ethanedyl ester .................................................. .................... ............. .. 66087-21-0

581. knklodicarboni diarnkte, 2,2'-[methy aeb42- .Srp ile)lbisEtANbi aocyan.omethylphenyt)]. .... .................................... ...... 65104-99-6

582. carbemrc acd, ocyanatomethy il- methyt-1,3-propan yl eter ............ .............. ...................................................

65105-00-2

58& carbemic acid 3isocyanatomethylphenyl)-, 1,44 tne eer .................................................................................

.................... 6105-02-4

584. I,3 5-triazne-2.4,(IH,3H, 5+Utione, 1,3r-t t[(5- yanato-1,3,3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-.......................................

67873-01-0

585. benenaM 0 NeN- yUbs[3- y -2,4,6-til-methylethyl)]- .........................................................................

.................................. 68083-3-6

586. cabemic acid, (3-ocya to ylphenyl), 1,2-ethanediyl eter ..................................................................................

68092-73-9

57. cartamlc acid, (3-Lsoyanatomethylphervyl), oxybl$-methy2,ethanedy ester .....................................................................

68092-744-0

588, carbemlc acid, ysocya lhphenyl)-, [(diethoxyphophinyl)methyliminold-2,1-ethanediy ster ......................................................

68133-4-2

589. heninoicr acd E2-(ethl.-2-[( 5isocyanato-(or 5)(meth n tyllaminolcar nyoxylmethyl-1,3iop.ned ................................. 68310-46-3

590. carbarnic aci, Wi-socyanaternehyliphenyl)-, I.methyt4,3-propanedOy ester ..-...... . . ................-... ............ 66844-3

50t. 1,3-dia d2,4-oa.. o. )e.............................. .ynl-methy.tp ..........................................................

68655-o502. carbamic add, (5-lsocyaato2-methylpheny)-, 2-ethylhexy e t e.r................................ .... .................... ...... . 689381-61-4

5W. carbamic acid, [(Socneto-,3 metyycyloy )meiyl., 2-ethy42-C[[[(5-isocyanato-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methyU4 .............................. 68975-82-6

504. carbamic acid, (5-ocyato-,3,3-fm htcyclohexytmethyt)-, oxyd-2,1-ethanediy ester . .................. ... . . 68975-84-8

585. hexanoic acid, 2,-diocyanto-, 2-isocyanatoethyt eate ...................... ............. .... ............. .. .. 69878-168

596. mecane. i,,l1-riaocyarato- .. ............... ....................................... 70198-24-2

587. urea, (a.nop nyl).et.yt.phen - -(3-..yana h lp .. ............... .-. ....... ............................... 7106-52-0

59. urea, -(3-iocyana1 methy~ 4yt)-N-n[4-a[[(-oW nstomethye r)amno]Arnl¢anno phenylmethtylpheny0.... ............. .......... 71130-76-2

59W. carbamlc chloride, ethyl(5-lsocyano-2-methylphenyI)- . . ................................................................................

71832-33-2

60. carbemic acid, [4-. o ana nymethyt]phnyli-, oxyd-2-ethanedyt ester ............................... ....................................................

71832-70-7

601. carbamic acid, [(5-eocysiaato4,3,3-t e o rex tl)mnethyl]-, 2-butoxyethl ester ...................................................................

72152-95-6

602. bezene, 2-iwocyanao4-[( c-y-mth t methya .. . ........................ .......................... . ..................... 75790-4-0

603. benzene, N-socyarato-2-[(4-t4yoc aolphe o .)thjo]- ......................... ................................. . ....... ........ .......... 75790-87-3

604. benzene, 1.chloro-4.(penytsulonyl) ............ . .....................................................................

........... 80-00-2

605. benzenamlne, 2-(methylsultforl)4_-nltro- . ... . . ...................................................- 96-74-2

606. benzene, -chr-(methylsulfony)-2-nitro- ..... .......................... ............................. .. ... ... 97-07-4

607. benzene, I-chloro-4-(methysulfonyl)- .. ........ .......................... 98-67-7

608. 1,4-oxathlane, 4A-doxide . . . .... .... ........ ... ............. ......... ... .. 107-61-0 609. benzene, 1,1'-sultonytb 4-fluoo-3-niutr)-- ............. . .......... ....... ...................... .................................................

3")2-MM610, benzene, 1,'-sufonylbsa4-fluoro) ........................................................................

383-29-9

611. methane, briluomethyl)uonyil- ....... .............. ................... ........................... .... . .. 428-7"2

612. propane, 11'-sutonyb .. ............................. ........... 698-03-8

613. butane, 1,1'-sulonylbs- . ..- o4-9

614. benzenamlne, 3,-sutfony-bis--.-........................ . 599-61-1

615. benzene, I.1'.sutfonylbis(4-methyl)- 590-66-6

816. benzene, 1-methry-4-(phnylsultony)- .... 640-57-3

617. tlophene, tetrahydro-3-methyt-, 1,1-dmxde . . .. M-936

618. thiophene, 2,5-dihydo-3-methyl-, 1,7-dioxide . . . . . . . . 1193-10"

610. berene, 1,1'-sulfonylbis(3-ntro)- - .. . ........... ...... 1228-63-1

620. benzene, 1,4-dimethyl-2-[(4-methylpheyi)su*ony - .... . 116-98-2

621. thlophene. 2f-dihydro-3-(4.methyl-3-pentenyi)-, 1,1-dioxide _ _._._._. . ......... ....................................................

7M-32-1
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March' 6, 1901 / Notices 9549

Chemical Name CAS No.

622. sulfone, 4-chloro-2-ntrophenyl m ethyl .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2163-97-5

623. m ethanol. [(4-m ethylphenyl)su fonyl]--. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2182-9-6

624. m ethane, sulfonylbis(trichloro)- ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3064-70.-8

625. thiophene, 3,3,4,4-tetrachlorotetrahydro-, 1,1-dioxide .................................................................................................................................................................. 3737-4 1-5

626. benzene, 1, '-sulfonylbis(2,4-dim ethy )- ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5184-75-8

627. phenol, 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5397-34-2

628. 3-thiophean am ine, tetrahydro-, 1,1-dioxidde ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6338--70-1

629. 1-propanamine, 2-[2-[[4-[3-(4-chloropheny)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yfl]pheny]sulfonyl]ethxy-NN-dimethy ........................................................... -6 6608-82-8

630. ethanol, 2-[(3-am ino-4-m ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]- ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7425-81-2

631. 9H-thloxanthene-3,6-diam ine, 10,10-dioxide .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10215- 25- 5

632. benzene, 1,1'-sulfonylbis(2,4,6-trinitro)-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10580-80-0

3-benzothiazolineethanc

octyl disulfone ...............

1H-pyrazole, 3-(4-chlon

phenol, 2,2'-sulfonylbisthiophene, 3,4-dibromo

phenol, 2,2'-sulfonylbis

benzene, 1-chloro-2-(m

benzenamine, 4-(methy

rnoylOl4,1- I

-4-(methylsull ne xvJ .. ...............................................................................................................................................................

, 4,b,6,/-te ranyoro-z-mno-.a..-Lp- me m ystw onyupnen yJ -. ............................................................................................................

ophenyi)-4,5-dihydro-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-..................................................................................................... ; ..........................

tetrahydro-, 1

[4-(1,1.3,3-te

ethylsulfonyt

13244-35-4

13581-52-7

13603-70-8

14295-72-8

15038-7-2

15091-30-2

15452-894

21081-74-3

21731-56-6

643. 1,1'-iphenyl, 4,44'-bis[(4-chloropheny)suffonyl]-. ..................................................................................................22287-56-5

644. ethanol, 2-(4-methylphnyl)sulfonyl-. ........................................................................................................

22381-54-0

645. aniline, 4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-nitro- .............................................................................................................

23306-60-7

646. propionitrile, 3-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-[[6-(methylsulfonyl)-2-benzothiazolyl]azolanilino-. .....................................................................

24170-48-7

647. phenol, 4-(4-aminopheny)sulfonyl]-. .........................................................................................................25963-47-7

648. 1,3-dithiane, 1,1,3,3-tetraoxidde ..............................................................................................................

26413-18-3

649. ethanol, 2-[(4-hydrazinophenyl)sulfonyl. ......................................................................................................

26505-12-4

650. benzene, 1,1'-suffonylbis(3.4-dimethyl) ........................................................................................................

28361-43-5

651. aniline, 5-chloro-2-(methylsulfonyl)-. ...........................................................................................................

29124-54-7 652. benznamine, 3,3'- [sulfonylbis(4,1-phenyleneoxy) ]bis-. .............................................................................................

.. ............................................ 30203-11-3 653. benzothiazole, 2-[(tribromomethyl)suleony .....................................................................................................

31274-42-7 6 

654. thiophene, 3-(bromomethyl)-2,5-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide ..............................................................................................

31554-48-0 655. ethanamine, 2-[2-[[4-[3(4,5dichloro-2-methy phenyl4, 5-dihydr-1 H-pyraz-1-y ]pheny]sulfo nyeth xy-NN-dimethy ............................................ 35441-18-0

656. benzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-(methylsulfonyQ). .......................................................................................................

38452-47-0

657. IH-pyrazol-3-amine, 4-[[4-(ethylsutfonyl)-2-nltrophenyliazo]-5-methyl-l-phenyl- ...........................................................................

38658-94-5

658. phenol, 4,4'-suffonylbis(2,6-dibromo)-. .............. ...................................................................................................

39635-79-5

659. 2-butyn-1-ol, 4-[(tetrahydro-3-thlenyl)oxy]-, S,S-dioxide .............................................................................................

40456-28-8

660. benzene, [bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyljmethyl]-. .................................................................................................

40906-82-9

661. ethanol, 2-[(7-amino--naphthalenyl)sulfonyl-. ...................................................................................................

43001-81-6 662. benzoxazole, 2,2'-(1,4-naphthalenediyl)bis[5-(ethylsulfonyl)-. ........................................................................................

.................................................... 43115-21-5

663. benzenamine, 4,4'-[((4-methylphenyl)suffonyl]methylene]bls(NN-dimethyl) ..................................... .4...................................................................

49630-05-9

664. benzenam ne, 2,2'-[sulfonylbis(4,1-phenyleneoxy)]bis-. .............................................................................................

52338-52-0

665. ethanol, 2-[(4-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-. ..................................................................................................

52398-83-1 666. acetonitile, (dodecylsulfonyl)-. ..............................................................................................................

52821-30-4

667. thophene, 3-bromo-2,3-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide ....................................................................................................

53336-42-8 668. 3H-indole, 2,3,3-trmethyl-5-(phenylsulfonyl) .....................................................................................................

55203-59-3

669. 2-butanone, 3-methyl-, [4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenylhydrazone .........................................................................................

55203-60--6 670. 1H-benzimidazollum, 2-(6-methoxy-2-benzofuranyl).1,3-dimethyl-5-(methytsulfonyl)-. .........................................................................

55911-28-9

671. benzene, 1,1'-suffonylbis[4-(1-methylethyl)]-. ....................................................................................................

57913-35-6 672. propane, 1,3-bis(ethenyisufonyl)-2,2-bis[(ethenylsuffonyl)m thyl]-. ....................................................................................

60345-53-1 673. l(2H)-quinolineethanol, 6-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]azo]-3,4-dihydro-2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-. .............................................................

63134-03-2

674. 3-pyridinecarbonitrile, 5-[[2-chloro-4-(methysulfony)phenyl]azo]-4-methyl-2,6-bis[[3-(2-phenoxyethoxy)propyl]aniino]- .............................................. 63281-10-7

675. disulfone, dihexyl ........................................................................................................................

63450-69-1 676. propanenitrile, 3-[ethyt[4-[(6-(methylsulfonyl)-2-benzothiazolyllazo]phenyl]amino-. ........................................................................

63467-01-6 677. ethanol, 2,2'-[[4-[[6-(methylsulfonyt)-2-benzothiazolyllazolphenylliminolbis- ............................................................................

63467-02-7 678. thiophene, 4-bromo-2,3-dichlorotetrahydro-, 1,1-dioxide .............................................................................................

65243-01-8 679. propanenitrile, 3-[ethyl[3-methy-4-[[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-nitrophenylazolphenyllamino-. ...................................................................

67906-60-9

680. benzenesulfonlc acid, 3-[[4-[ethyl(phenytmethyl)aminojphenylazo]-4-[(4-methytphenyl)sulfonylJ- ..............................................................

68400-40-8 681. benzenmine, 4-[(1-ethyl-2-methy-IH-indol-3-yl)[(4-methylphenyl)sulfony methy]-NN-dimethy-. ..............................................................

68912-03-8 682. benzenamine, 5-chloro-2-[(4-m ethylphenyl)sulfony -. ..............................................................................................

70146-09-7 683. 1H-pyrazol-5-amine, 3-methyl-4-[[4-(methylsuffonyl)-2-nitrophenyllazo]-l-phenyl-. .........................................................................

70210-09-2 684. 3H-pWazol-3-imine, 2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-4-[[4-(methylsuffony)-2-nitrophenyllazo]-2-phenyI-. .................................................................

70528-91-5

685. hydrazine, E4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-. ........................................................................................................

70714-83-9 686. 3H-pyazol-3imine, 4-[[4-(ethytsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl]azo]-2,4-dihydro5-methyl-2-phenyl-. ...................................................................

70833-53-3

1.3.e Removals. No chemicals were for the revisions." Under this authority, need of subchronic tests). These

removed from the Priority List as a the Committee is revising the Priority revisions are listed in Table I above.

result of EPA responses to Committee List by designating two chemicals (4- The Priority List (Table 2) includes

recommendations. vinylcyclohexane and sodium cyanide) designated, recommended with intent1.4 The TSCA section 4(e) Priority that were previously recommended with to-designate and recommended

List. Section 4(e)(1](B) of TSCA directs intent-to-designate and adding one chemicals and chemical groups.

the Committee to: .*** make such chemical (N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine) Individual chemicals in Priority List

revisions in the [priority] list as it and four chemical groups (IRIS chemical groups are listed in Table I or

determines to be necessary and *** chemicals, aldehydes, sulfones and the paragraph immediately following

transmit them to the Administrator substantially produced chemicals in Table 1 of this and previous Reports

together with the Committee's reasons with appropriate notes that minimize

............................................................................

...................................................

...................................................
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

ambiguities related to TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) reporting requirements. Table 2 containing the section 4(e) priority list

follows:

TABLE 2.-THE SEcTION 4(E) PRIORrrY LIST

Enty Action Date

Brominated flame retardants ............................................. designated .............. ............................. November 1989

4-vytcyclohexene designated. Novembr 1990

sodium cyanide ................................................................................. designated .......................................................................... . November 1990

IRIS chenicals . .- designated November 1990

chioroalkyl phosphates .......................................................................... recommended with intent-to-designate . . ......... . November 1988

Isocyanates ........ recommended with intent-to-designate May 1990

aldehydes ................................................................................................. recommended with Intent-to-designate .................................. November 1990

imidazollum quaternary ammonium compounds .. . recommended May 1988

ethoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds ................................. recommended ..................................................................

May 1988

butyraldehyde recommended November 1988

brominated flame retardasnts .................................................................. recommended ..................................................................

November 1989

bromlnaeed flame ret arrntsrecommended - May 1990

alkyl phosphates ..................................................................................... recom mended ..................................................................

.. M ay 1990

ERIS chemicals recommended --- November 1990

N-phenyl-l-naphthyl'amlne ..................................................................... recommended ..................................................................

_ November 1990

sulfom p.d.... recommended..November 1990

substantially produced chemicals In need of subchronic tests .......... recommended .............................................................. ....... . November 1990

References

(1) Sixteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 21,1985, 50 FR 20930-20939.

Includes references to Reports I through 15

and an annotated list of removals.

(2) Seventeenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 19, 1985, 50 FR 47603-

47612.

(3) Eighteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 19, 1986, 51 FR 18368-18375.

(4) Nineteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 14, 1986, 51 FR 41417-

41432.

(5) Twentieth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 20, 1987, 52 FR 19020-19026.

(6) Twenty-first Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 20, 1987, 52 FR 44830-

44837.

(7) Twenty-second Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee. May 20.1988,53 FR 18196-18210.

(8) Twenty-third Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 16,1988, 53 FR 48282-

46278.

(9) Twenty-fourth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, July 27, 1989, 54 FR 31248-31249.

(10) Twenty-fifth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, December 12, 1989, 54 FR 51114-

51130.

(11) Twenty-sixth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, June 5. 1990, 55 FR 23050-23082.

Chapter 2-Recommendations of the

Committee

2.1 Chemicals recommended for

priority consideration by the FPA

Administrator. As provided by section

4(e)(1}(B) of TSCA, the Committee is

revising the Priority List by designating

two chemicals that were previously

recommended with intent-to-designate

and adding one chemical and four

chemical groups (see Table 1). The

recommendation of these chemicals is

made after considering the factors

identified in section 4(e)(1)(A) and other

relevant information, such as the

chemical testing information

deficiencies of Member Agencies.

2.2 Designated chemicals-2.2.a 4-

Vinylcyclohexane. 4-Vinylcyclohexane

was designated because there were no

TSCA section 8(d) submissions that

satisfied the National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health

nominated testing information

deficiencies. The rationale for the

original recommendation with intent-todesignate appeared in the Committee's

25th Report (54 FR 51114. December 12,

1989).

Z.2.b Sodium cyanide. Sodium cyanide

was designated and the testing

recommendations changed because

discussions among the Department of

Interior, the EPA and industry identified

additional testing information

deficiencies and because there was a

general understanding that there were

no TSCA section 8(d) submissions that

were likely to satisfy the testing

information deficiencies nominated by

the Department of Interior. The rationale

for the original recommendation with

intent-to-designate appeared in the

Committee's 26th Report (55 FR 23050,

June 5, 19901.

2.2.c. IRIS chemicals. At the request of

EPA,. the Committee reviewed a subset

of chemicals that are listed on the

Agency's Integrated Risk Information

System (IRIS). IRIS is an electronic

database, prepared and maintained by

EPA, that contains health risk and EPA

regulatory information on chemical

substances. IRIS was developed for EPA

staff in response to a growing demand

for consistent risk information on

chemical substances for use in

decisionmaking and regulatory

9550
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

activities. Although IRIS was designed

for EPA staff, it is also accessible to

state and local environmental health

agencies, private citizens, libraries and

organizations through Dialcom, Inc.'s

electronic mail telecommunications

system. For more information contact

IRIS User Support in EPA's

Environmental Criteria and Assessment

Office, Cincinnati, Ohio (513/569-7254

or FTS 684-7254).

The chemicals that EPA nominated to

the Committee for health effects testing information deficiencies are those

chemicals for which the Agency has

determined that there is a lack of

confidence in the available health

effects data. The EPA believes that the

development of reliable health effects

data will increase the confidence in the

data and reduce the uncertainties in the

assessment of risk. EPA nominated the

IRIS chemicals to the Committee to

recommend testing that would provide

reliable data.

The Committee-activated

comprehensive networking and

information exchange processes were

used to facilitate communication and

coordination of chemical testing as

intended by Congress and suggested by

industry. The Committee considered

unpublished studies in Member

Agency's files, and past, present and

future Member Agency activities. The

Committee discussed studies conducted

by NTP and EPA's Health Effects

Research Laboratory and Environmental

Research Laboratories, studies

sponsored by NIOSH, studies used by OSHA and CPSC, studies submitted

under TSCA as well as studies in FDA's

files. The Committee learned about

ongoing international activities, about

ATSDR's data research needs, about

EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)

information, about Health Hazard

Evaluations and Hazard Evaluation and

Technical Assistance Reports, walkthrough surveys, etc., conducted by

NIOSH, uses considered by the FDA.

activities under other statutes, and so

on. As part of the Committee's efforts to

comprehensively consider testing information deficiencies, the Committee

reviewed available information on

physical/chemical properties and

persistence as well as ecological effects

and identified a number of chemical fate

and aquatic toxicity testing information

deficiencies. EPA's Neurobehavioral

Toxicology Branch also reviewed these

chemicals for potential neurotoxicology

concerns and the Committee identified

neurotoxicity testing deficiencies.

EPA nominated several IRIS

chemicals to the ITC to take advantage of (1) The Committee's comprehensive

networking and information exchange

capabilities that conserve resources and

promote cost-effective testing required

or sponsored by U.S. Government

organizations and (2) the opportunity to

obtain recent production and exposure

information and unpublished health and

safety studies that are automatically

required under TSCA section 8(a) and

8(d), respectively, for any Committee

recommendation. For 13 IRIS chemicals,

the Committee has comprehensively

assessed available health effects,

chemical fate and ecological effects

information. As a result of these

assessments, the Committee is

recommending 8 chemicals for testing

(see Table 1), returning 2 chemicals to

the EPA because the Committee's

review identified health effects data that

appear to be sufficient to reduce the

uncertainty associated with risk

assessments (vanadium pentoxide, CAS

1314-62-1 and hydrogen sulfide, CAS

7783--06-4, returning 2 chemicals for

which there are uncertainties related to

testing under TSCA (HMX, CAS 2691-

41-0 and ammonium sulfamate, CAS

7773-06-0), and returning I chemical for

which domestic production is being

substantially reduced (CFC-113, CAS

76-13-1). The Committee identified algal toxicity and aquatic invertebrate acute

and chronic toxicity testing deficiencies

for vanadium pentoxide, but is not

recommending testing at this time

because, in a future Report it plans to

recommend such testing for an inorganic

chemical group. The EPA requested that

the Committee designate 6 of the 8 IRIS

chemicals. Five of the IRIS chemicals

that were listed in Title III of the 1990

amendments of the Clean Air Act

(acetophenone, acrylic acid, NNdimethylaniline, 2,4-dinitrophenol and

phenol) were recommended for

inhalation testing to reduce the

uncertainty associated with risk

assessments that need to be developed

for these chemicals. The Committee is

continuing to review information on

numerous IRIS chemicals, including

several that are listed in the Clean Air

Act.

Summary of recommended studies.

Recommended studies are summarized

in Table I above.

Acrylic Acid

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 79-10-7

Synonyms and Trade Names: Acroleic

acid. 2-propenoic acid.

Empirical Formula: CaILOt

Molecular Weight: 72.1

Physical State at 25" C: Liquid Description of Chemical: Corrosive

liquid, acrid odor and fumes (Ref. 164,

Windholz et aL. 1983)

Melting Point: 13.5 (Ref. 96, Lide, 1990)

Boiling Point: 141.6 (Ref. 34, Daubert and

Danner, 1985)

Vapor Pressure: 4.00 mm Hg @ 25° C

(Ref. 34, Daubert and Danner, 1985)

Specific Gravity: 1.0621 (Ref. 164,

Windholz et al., 1983)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

0.161 (Ref. 128, PCGEMS, 1987)

Water Solubility at 25 C: miscible (Ref.

130, Perry and Green, 1984)

Log K.: 1.5 (Ref. 100, Lyman et aL 1982)

Henry's Constant: 1.17 X 10" atm m

mole' (Ref. 75, Hine and Mookerjee, 1975)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposol/exposure/

release. In 1988, 1,0658,834,000 lbs of

acrylic acid were produced at 4 different

U.S. facilities (Ref. 159, U.S ITC, 1989).

Acrylic acid has the following uses:

surface coatings-25 percent;

polyacrylic acid and salts (including

superabsorbent polymers, detergents,

water treatment and dispersants)-20

percent;, textiles and nonwovens--13

percent; exports--12 percent; adhesives

and sealants-9 percent; leather and

polishes-4 percent, paper coating-3

percent; miscellaneous acid and ester

uses (including specialty acrylates)--8

percent (Ref. 29, CMR, 1986).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The National Occupational

Exposure Survey (NOES) indicates that

56,512 workers (14,643 female) are

potentially exposed to acrylic acid; 82

percent of this exposure is from the use

of trade name products containing this

compound (Ref. 120, NIOSH, 1990).

Potential exposure to acrylic acid was

associated with 22 different industrial

classifications. OSHA's Permissible

Exposure Limit {PEL) of 10 ppm 8-hour

Time Weighted Average (TWA) and a

skin notation are based on irritation by

analogy to acetic acid (54 FR 2614-2621,

January 19,1989). OSHA concluded that

these were necessary to protect workers

from nasal and eye irritation, but

NIOSH believed the limit should be

lower based on recent studies

demonstrating nasal mucosa

degeneration, pulmonary function

changes and skin absorption (54 FR

2621).

Environmental exposure. In a survey

of 172 product/process effluents at 40

different petrochemical manufacturing

sites, 28 percent of the samples

contained acrylic acid at concentrations

greater than 0.5 ppm (Ref. 165, Wise and

Fahrenthold, 1981). According to the

TRI, 832,056 lbs of acrylic acid were

released to the atmosphere in 1987,

while 16,126 and 6,153 lbs were released

to water and land, respectively (Ref. 153,

TRI, 1990). For 1988, TRI indicates that

9551
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 1 Notices

798,567 lbs were released to air, 15,950

lbs were released to land, and 16,396 lbs

were released to water (Ref. 153, TRI,

1990).

I. Chemical Fate Information

In the atmosphere, acrylic acid is

expected to undergo rapid oxidation

with gas phase hydroxyl radicals and

ozone (Ref. 8, Atkinson, 1987; Ref. 9,

Atkinson and Carter, 1984). In water,

acrylic acid is not expected to

significantly volatilize to the

atmosphere, nor is it expected to adsorb

to sediment or suspended organic matter

(Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982). Limited

screening studies suggest that acrylic

acid will biodegrade under aerobic

conditions (Ref. 19, BIOLOG, 1990; Ref.

127, Pahren and Bloodgood, 1961).

Avialable persistence data are probably

inadequate to predict the

biodegradation rate of acrylic acid in the

environment, because the data were not

generated using test systems that

simulated in situ biodegradation. The

Committee recommends chemical fate

testing because there are insufficient

data to reasonably determine or predict

the persistence of acrylic acid and

because there are potentially substantial

environmental releases.

II. Health Effects Information

Acrylic acid was rapidly absorbed,

metabolized and excreted following oral

or inhalation exposure (Ref. 88, Kutzman

et al., 1982).

Effects identified in a 3-month

drinking water study in groups of 15

male and 15 female Fischer F-344 rats

given drinking water that provided

doses of 83, 250 or 750 mg acrylic acid

per kg per day included decreased food

and water intake, reduced body weights,

and alterations in organ weights (Ref.

39, DePass et al., 1983). Reduced weight

gain, lethargy and nasal irritation were

observed in the high dose in groups of 4-

8 Alderley Park rats of both sexes

exposed by inhalation to 80 or 300 ppm

acrylic acid, 6 hours per day, 5 days per

week for 4 weeks (Ref. 57, Gage, 1970).

More recent inhalation studies in groups

of 5 male and 5 female rats and mice

exposed to 25 to 223 ppm acrylic acid, 6

hours per day, 5 days per week for 2

weeks (Ref. 112, Miller et al., 1979) and

in groups of 15 male and female F-344

rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to 5 to 75

ppm acrylic acid, 6 hours per day, 5 days

per week for 13 weeks (Ref. 113, Miller

et al., 1979; Ref. 114, Miller et al., 1981)

identified mice as more sensitive than

rats to the effects of inhalation exposure

(nasal irritation and degeneration of the

olfactory epithelium). The fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats

given 2 4, 4.8 or 8.0 mg per kg

intraperitoneal injections of acrylic acid

on days 5, 10 and 15 of gestation had a

dose-related decrease in body weights

and an Increase in the incidence of gross

and skeletal malformations (Ref. 140,

Singh et al., 1972). There is probably

insufficient information on the effects of

treatment to characterize the

developmental toxicity of acrylic acid.

Maternal effects (nasal irritation and

reduced rate of body weight gain) but no

fetal effects were observed in the 2

highest dose groups of Sprague-Dawley

rats exposed to 40, 120 or 360 ppm

acrylic acid by inhalation on gestation

days 6 to 15 (Ref. 87, Klimisch and

Hellwig, 1989). Decreased fertility in

females, decreased numbers of live pups

per litter, decreased offspring body

weight, and a decreased percentage of

pups weaned were observed in a onegeneration reproduction study in groups

of 10 male and 20 female rats that were

provided acrylic acid in the drinking

water at doses of 83, 250 or 750 mg per

kg per day (Ref. 39, DePass et al., 1983).

A 2-generation study may be necessary

to characterize the reproductive effects

of acrylic acid.

Acrylic acid was negative in the

reverse mutation test in Salmonella

(Ref. 97, Lijinsky and Andrews, 1980;

Ref. 13, BASF, 1989), did inhibit

incorporation of thymidine into DNA

and uracil into RNA in S. aureus and E.

coli (Ref. 60, Glombitza and Heysen,

1971) and was positive for mutagenicity

and clastogenicity in L5178Y mouse

lymphoma cells (Ref. 115, Moore et al.,

1988). Acrylic acid was positive for

chromosomal aberrations in an in vitro

test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (Ref.

106, Microbiological Associates, 1986),

but did not induce chromosomal

aberrations in the bone marrow cells of

rats treated by gavage for up to 5 days

(Ref. 107, Microbiological Associates,

1986). In viva testing may be necessary

to characterize the mutagenicity of

acrylic acid.

Acrylic acid was negative in 1 skin

painting study in 40 male C3H/Hej mice

treated with 1 percent acrylic acid in

acetone thrice weekly for life (Ref. 40,

DePass et al., 1984), but was weakly

positive as a complete carcinogen and

as a promoter in a study in which 30

female ICR/HA mice were treated with

4 mg acrylic acid in acetone thrice

weekly for 1.5 years (Ref. 32, Cote et al.,

1986). IARC (Ref. 79, IARC, 1987)

assigned acrylic acid to Group 3; not

classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to

humans. The National Cancer Institute

(NCI) reviewed a draft chronic study

conducted by the Basic Acrylic

Monomer Manufacturers Association

and supports the EPA nomination and

Committee recommendation for

inhalation oncogenicity testing.

Available data are probably insufficient

to characterize the oncogenic potential

of acrylic acid because they were not

developed using an appropriate route of

administration.

The Committee recognizes that

NIOSH has Health Hazard Evaluations,

Hazard Evaluation and Technical

Assistance reports and walk-through

survey reports for acrylics that are

available from NTIS and the Committee

is placing a list of these documents in

the public docket. A table containing a

list of FYI studies submitted to EPA is

also contained in the public docket. The

Committee recommends health effects

testing because there are potentially

substantial exposures, because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict health effects and

because these data are needed to reduce

the uncertainty associated with risk

assessments for acrylic acid.

Ill. Ecological Effects Information

The Committee recognizes that acute

LC,5o values are available for fresh water

fish, that growth of blue-green and green

algae is inhibited at 0.15 and 18 mg/L

acrylic acid, respectively and that

protozoan growth is inhibited at acrylic

acid concentrations ranging from 0.9 to

20 mg/L (Ref. 4, AQUIRE, 1990]. The

Committee is not recommending

ecological effects testing at this time.

Acetophenone

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 98-86-2

Synonyms and Trade Names:

Phenylmethylketone, hypnone, acetylbenzene

Empirical Formula: Cs1-10

Molecular Weight: 120.2

Physical State at 25" C: Liquid

Description of Chemical: Colorless liquid

with sweet, pungent, odor and taste (Ref. 136,

Sax and Lewis, 1987)

Melting Point: 19.6 C (Ref. 134, Riddick

et al., 1986)

Boiling Point: 202' C (Ref. 134, Riddick et

al., 1986)

Vapor Pressure: 0.397 mm Hg @ 25' C

(Ref. 163, Weber et al., 1981)

Specific Gravity: 1.033 (Ref. 184,

Windholz et al., 1983)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

1.58 (Ref. 68, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25' C: 6,130 mg/L

(Ref. 69, Hasset et al., 1980)

Log Koc: 1.65 (Ref. 69, Hasset et al., 1980)

Henry's Constant: 1.09 X 10 s atm m3

mole' (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. Acetophenone is produced in

substantial volumes; actual production

volumes are CBI. Acetophenone is used

9552
Federal Re ister / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

in fragrances and flavorings, and as a

solvent, chemical intermediate for

pharmaceuticals and resins,

polymerization catalyst, and as a

photoinitiator (Ref. 27, Chemcyclopedia,

1989; Ref. 136, Sax and Lewis, 1987).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The NOES survey indicates

that 39,880 workers (17,664 female) were

potentially exposed to acetophenone in

18 different industrial applications (Ref.

120, NIOSH, 1990). Of these workers, 97

percent were potentially exposed during

the use of trade name products

containing acetophenone. Acetophenone

has been detected in U.S. drinking water

supplies. In a survey of 10 U.S. cities

between 1969 and 1972, acetophenone

was found in Philadelphia's drinking

water, on 7 different occasions, at a

concentration of approximately 1.0 pg/L

(Ref. 84, Keith et al., 1976; Ref. 149,

Suffet et al., 1980). Acetophenone was

also detected in drinking water samples

of Britain during 1977-79 (Ref. 53,

Fielding et al., 1981).

Environmental exposure.

Acetophenone was detected in 131

samples obtained from 28 industries and

POTWs at a maximum concentration of

16 ppm (Ref. 138, Shackelford et al.,

1983). Of 204 sites monitored in 14

heavily industrialized river basins in the

U.S., acetophenone was detected in 3 of

them at a concentration of I to 3 ppb

(Ref. 51, Ewing et al., 1977). The

STORET database indicates that

acetophenone has been found in 1

surface water sample monitored during

the 1980's (Ref. 148, STORET, 1990).

Acetophenone was detected in both

surface and deep water samples from

the Baltic Sea, 1979-80, and thought to

arise from the photooxidation of fuel oil

components, suggesting that

acetophenone is likely to be present in

water polluted by fossil fuels (Ref. 46,

Ehrhardt et al., 1982 Ref. 45, Ehrhardt,

1987). In a compilation of air monitoring

data collected between 1970 and 1987,

the median concentration of

acetophenone in urban and source

dominated sites was 0.041 and 0.094

ppb, respectively (Ref. 139, Shah and

Heyerdahl. 1988).

I. Chemical Fate Information

In the atmosphere, acetophenone is

expected to slowly degrade by the gas

phase oxidation with photochemically

produced hydroxy radicals (Ref. 8,

Atkinson, 1987). Its fate in water will

depend on photolytic degradation (Ref.

44, Draper and Crosby, 1983; Ref. 90,

Lande et al., 1976), volatilization to the

atmosphere (Ref. 102, Mackay et al.,

1982), and biodegradation (Ref. 18,

BIODEG, 1990; Ref. 99, Ludzack and

Ettinger, 1963). The available data

indicate that acetophenone will not

significantly adsorb to soil (Ref. 157,

U.S. EPA, 1987). The Committee is not

recommending chemical fate testing at

this time.

II. Health Effects Information

Available pharmacokinetic data were

limited to in vitro (Ref. 55, Fraser et al.,

1967; Ref. 92, Leibman, 1971; Ref. 90,

Lande et al., 1976) and in vivo (Ref. 151,

Thierfelder and Daiber, 1923; Ref. 152,

Thierfelder and Klenk, 1924; Ref. 141,

Smith et al., 1954: Ref. 85, Kiese and

Lenk, 1974) metabolism studies using

rabbits, rats, humans and dogs.

Quantitative data regarding absorption,

distribution, or excretion may be

necessary to characterize the oral and

inhalation pharmacokinetics of

acetophenone.

Subchronic studies failed to identify

adverse effects in groups of 5 male and 5

female albino rats fed diets containing

acetophenone at levels of 0.003. 0.05,

0.125 or 0.2 percent for 30 days (Ref. 142,

Smyth, 1946) or in groups of 10 male and

10 female Osborne-Mendel rats fed diets

containing 1,000, 2,500 or 10,000 ppm

acetophenone for 17 weeks (Ref. 66,

Hagan et al., 1967). An inhalation study

reported a specific pattern of

degeneration of the olfactory bulb in

groups of 4 Wistar rats continuously

exposed to acetophenone vapors for 1

week to 3 months (Ref. 132, Pinching and

Doving, 1974). Other parameters of

toxicity were not evaluated In this

study. Although respiratory irritation

was indicated in a number of studies,

there are probably insufficient data to

characterize the subchronic inhalation

toxicity of acetophenone.

Reproductive toxicity data were

limited to a study that reported no

effects on length of gestation or

postnatal development in the offspring

of rats exposed dermally at 0.48 mg/kg

on days 10 to 15 of gestation (Ref. 89,

Lagno and Bakhtizna, 1969). A 2-

generation study may be necessary to

characterize the reproductive effects of

acetophenone.

Acetophenone was negative for

mutagenicity in 3 strains of Salmonella

(Ref. 47, Elliger et al., 1984). Additional

testing in non-bacterial systems may be

necessary to characaterize the

mutagenicity of acetophenone.

Anger and Johnson (Ref. 3, 1985)

suggested that acetophenone could be

neurotoxic. Data were not located

regarding the oncogenicity of

acetophenone.

The Committee recognizes that

NIOSH has a Hazard Evaluations and

Technical Assistance report for

acetophenone that is available from

NTIS and the Committee is placing the

reference for this report in the public

docket. The Committee recommends

health effects testing because there are

potentially substantial exposures,

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict health

effects and because these data are

needed to reduce the uncertainty

associated with risk assessments for

acetophenone.

II. Ecological Effects Information

The Committee recognizes that

acetophenone is acutely toxic to fathead

minnows; the LC0 values ranged from

155 to 162 mg/L (Ref. 4, AQUIRE, 1990).

The Committee is not recommending

ecological effects testing at this time.

Phenol

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number. 108-95-2

Synonyms and Trade Names: Carbolic

acid, hydroxybenzene, phenylic acid,

benzophenol. Empirical Formula: C41160

Molecular Weight: 94.1

Physical State at 25" C. Solid

Description of Chemical: Colorless,

acicular crystals or white, crystalline mass

(Ref. 164, Windholz et al., 1983)

Melting Point: 43' C (Ref. 70, Hawley,

1981) Boiling Point: 182" C (Ref. 70, Hawley,

1981)

Vapor Pressure: 0.35 mm Hg @ 25* C

(Ref. 81, Jones, 1960)

Specific Gravity: 1.071 (Ref. 164,

Windholz et al., 1983)

Log Octanoi/Water Partition Coefficient:

1.48 (Ref. 68, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25* C: 93.000 W/L

(Ref. 23, Callahan et al., 1979)

Log Ko,: 1.20 (Ref. 22, Boyd, 1982)

Henry's Constant: 3.33 X 10 ,7 at m m3

mole " (Ref. 56, Gaffney et al., 1987)

pK.: 9.994 (Ref. 137, Serjeant and

Dempsey. 1979)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. In 1988, 7 U.S. facilities

produced 3,561,734,000 pounds of phenol

(Ref. 159, U.S. ITC, 1989) and 13 facilities

were listed as manufacturing this

compound in 1989 (Ref. 145, SRI, 1989);

Phenol has the following uses: phenolic

resins--38 percent; synthesis of

bisphenol A-23 percent; synthesis of

caprolactan--17 percent; synthesis of

alkylphenols-4 percent; synthesis of

aniline-3 percent; miscellaneous uses5 percent; exports-"6 percent (Ref. 30,

CMR, 1987). The miscellaneous uses of

phenol include the synthesis of adipic

acid, salicylic acid, phenolphthalein.

pentachlorophenol, acetophetidine,

picric acid, and pharmaceuticals, as a

selective solvent for refining lubricating

9553
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

oils, germicidal paints, laboratory

reagent, dyes and indicators, slimicide,

biocide, and as a general disinfectant

(Ref. 136, Sax and Lewis, 1987). Many

products containing phenol are utilized

by consumers. The Committee is

concerned with the potential for

exposure to phenol because of its very

high production volume, potential for

release, and presence in commercial and

consumer products.

B. Evidence for exposure--Human

exposure. Phenol is used in a variety of

commercial applications, many of which

can lead to worker exposure. The NOES

conducted during 1981-1983 by NIOSH

estimated that 341,516 workers (108,851

female) were potentially exposed to

phenol in 35 different industrial

categories (Ref. 120, NIOSH, 1990). In a

compilation of air monitoring data

collected between 1970 and 1987, the

mean concentration of phenol in

suburban and urban areas was reported

as 0.015 and 6.883 ppb, respectively (Ref.

139, Shah and Heyerdahl, 1988). The

concentration of phenol in the air of

Portland, OR, during 7 rain events in

1984 was 56 to 105 ppt, while the

concentration of phenol in the rain

ranged from 75 to 1,200 ppt (Ref. 93,

Leuenberger et al., 1985). From 1977 to

1979, phenol was detected in 36 percent

of drinking water supplies in England,

which were drawn from groundwater,

river water, and reservoirs (Ref. 53,

Fielding et al., 1981). It has also been

detected in U.S. drinking water supplies

(Ref. 49, EPA, 1980; Ref. 119, Nicola et

al., 1987). Phenol is used in numerous

consumer products indicating a

potential for exposure to the general

population.

Environmental exposure. Phenol was

detected in 738 samples obtained from

33 industries and publicly owned

treatment works (POTWs) at a

maximum concentration range of 7.5 ppb

to 530 ppm (Ref. 138, Shackelford et al.,

1983). Data from the STORET database

indicates that phenol was found in 42.1

percent of industrial effluent samples

obtained from 1980-83, at a median

concentration of 10 ppb (Ref. 146,

Staples et al., 1985). The STORET

database also indicates that phenol was

found in 13 percent of ambient surface

water samples, and 9 percent of

sediment samples (Ref. 146, Staples et

al., 1985), and also in groundwater

samples (Ref, 148, STORET, 1990).

Phenol was detected in 4 percent of 86

samples obtained during the National

Urban Runoff Program of 1982, at

concentrations ranging from 3 to 10 ppb

(Ref. 31, Cole et al., 1984). According to

the TRI for 1987, 8,100,731 lbs of phenol

were released to the air, 402,579 pounds

were released to water, and 1,098,624

lbs were released to land (Ref. 153, TRI,

1990). For 1988, TRI indicates that

10,155,101 lbs were released to air,

262,127 lbs were released to water, and

2,102,250 lbs were released to land (Ref.

153. TRI. 1990).

1. Chemical Fate Information

In the atmosphere, phenol will

undergo rapid oxidation during the

daytime by the reaction with

photochemically produced hydroxyl

radicals and at night with nitrate

radicals (Ref. 8, Atkinson, 1987). Phenol

is not expected to significantly volatilize

from water to the atmosphere; however,

it is likely to undergo rapid

biodegradation under both aerobic and

anaerobic conditions (Ref. 18, BIODEG,

1990). Biodegradation of phenol is well

documented in the literature; it is often

the benchmark for determining the rate

of biodegradation of other organic

compounds. Phenol may also undergo

oxidation by alkoxy radicals in sunlit

waters containing humic materials (Ref.

108, Mill and Mabey, 1984). Phenol is

unlikely to adsorb to soil (Ref. 78,

Howard et al., 1989), although in soils

with substantial metal or clay content,

phenol may be strongly adsorbed in a

pH dependent process (Ref. 7, ArtiolaFortuny and Fuller, 1982). The

Committee is not recommending

chemical fate testing at this time.

11. Health Effects Information

Phenol was readily absorbed through

the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin

(Ref. 37, Deichmann and Keplinger, 1981)

and was widely distributed in rats and

rabbits (Ref. 35, Deichmann, 1944; Ref.

95, Liao and Oehme, 1981). At lethal oral

doses (0.5 g/kg in rabbits), it was

eliminated by oxidation to CO 2 and

urinary excretion as free or conjugated

phenol (Ref. 37, Deichmann and

Keplinger, 1981). At low (0.01 to 50 mg/

kg) doses in several species treated by

oral, intravenous or intramuscular

administration, elimination was largely

by urinary excretion of free and

conjugated phenol; the proportion of free

and conjugated phenol varied with

species (Ref. 37, Deichmann and

Keplinger, 1981; Ref. 24, Capel et al.,

1972; Ref. 104, Mehta et al., 1978; Ref.

111, Miller et al., 1976; Ref. 82, Kao et al.,

1979). Quantitative data regarding

absorption, distribution, or excretion

may be necessary to characterize the

oral and inhalation pharmacokinetics of

phenol.

Subchronic exposure of 17 humans to

drinking water containing phenol (10 to

40 mg per person per day) resulted in a

burning sensation in the mouth, sores in

the mouth, and diarrhea (Ref. 11, Baker

et al., 1978). Groups of 10 male and 10

female F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice given

phenol in drinking water at levels of 100,

300, 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 ppm for 90

days exhibited decreased water

consumption and weight gain at the high

dose, but no histopathological effects

(Ref. 116, NCI, 1980). Gavage treatment

of rats with 50 or 100 mg/kg, 5 days per

week for 6 months resulted in slight

(unspecified) liver and kidney effects

(Ref. 43, Dow Chemical Co., 1945).

Decreased weight gain at the 2 highest

doses was the only effect observed in

rats given drinking water containing

phenol at 800, 1200, 1,600, 2,000 or 14,000

ppm for 12 months (Ref. 36, Deichmann

and Oesper, 1940). In a 2-year study,

groups of 50 male and female B6C3F1

mice and F344 rats given drinking water

containing 2,500 or 5,000 ppm phenol

exhibited reduced water consumption

and body weight gain but no clear

evidence of compound-related

histopathological alteration (Ref. 116,

NCI, 1980).

In subchronic inhalation studies,

increased mortality and CNS signs were

reported in 12 guinea pigs and

histological lesions were reported in the

heart, liver, and kidneys of guinea pigs

and 6 rabbits exposed to 100 to 200 mg/

m3 phenol for 7 hours per da, 5 days

per week for 6 to 13 weeks; effects were

not observed in 25 rats similarly

exposed for 11 weeks (Ref. 35,

Deichmann et al., 1944). Slightly reduced

body weight gain, but no other evidence

of toxicity, was observed in 50 rats and

10 monkeys, whereas increased stress

test endurance was observed in 100

mice exposed by inhalation to 19 mg/m 3

phenol for 8 hours per day, 5 days per

week for 90 days (Ref. 135, Sandage,

1961). A 15-day study associated

behavioral effects with continuous

inhalation exposure of rats to 100 mg/m 3

phenol (Ref. 33, Dalin and

Kristoffersson, 1974). There are probably

insufficient data to characterize the

subchronic inhalation toxicity of phenol,

because existing studies were not

sufficiently comprehensive in scope to

identify effects on the respiratory tract

and thresholds for inhalation exposure.

Anger and Johnson (Ref. 3, 1985)

suggested that phenol could be

neurotoxic.

A standard developmental toxicity

gavage study reported reduced fetal

body weight in the high dose in groups

of 20 to 22 CD rats treated with 30, 60 or

120 mg per kg per day on gestation days

6 to 15 and maternal mortality,

decreased body weight and CNS effects

and reduced fetal body weight and

increased incidence of cleft palate at the

high dose in CD mice treated with 70,

9554
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

140 or 280 mg per kg per day on days 6

to 15 gestation (Ref. 121, NTP, 1983).

Maternal weight loss at the highest

dose, but no effects on fetuses or

offspring were reported in a

developmental toxicity screening test

with a single 100, 333, 667 or 1,000 mg/kg

gavage dose given to groups of 12 to 13

Sprague-Dawley rats on day 11 of

gestation (Ref. 83, Kavlock, 1990).

A multi-generation drinking water

study identified adverse effects on

offspring growth and survival, but failed

to adequately evaluate effects on reproductive function and postnatal

survival in rats given drinking water

containing 100 to 12,000 ppm phenol

(Ref. 73, Heller and Pursell, 1938). A

study designed to adequately evaluate

effects on reproductive function and

postnatal survival may be necessary to

characterize the reproductive effects of

phenol.

The Committee recognizes that

NIOSH has a Hazard Evaluations and

Technical Assistance Report, walkthrough surveys, etc. for phenol that are

available from NTIS and the Committee

is placing a list of these documents in

the public docket. A table containing a

list of TSCA section 8(d) studies

submitted to the EPA is also contained

in the public docket for the 27th ITC

Report. ATSDR published their priority

toxicity data needs for phenol (55 FR

11566, March 28, 1990) and supports the

EPA nomination and Committee

recommendation for health effects

testing. The Committee recommends

health effects testing because there are

potentially substantial exposures,

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict health

effects and because these data are

needed to reduce the uncertainty

associated with risk assessments for

phenol.

III. Ecological Effects Information

The ecological effects of phenol have

recently been reviewed by Walker (Ref.

160, Walker, 1988). The Committee is not

recommending ecological effects testing

at this time.

N,N-Dimethylaniline

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 121-69-7

Synonyms and Trade Names:

Dimethylphenylamine, ,Ndimethylbenzeneamine, xylidene Empirical Formula: C@H1N

Molecular Weight: 121.2

Physical State at 25* C: Liquid

Description of Chemical: Yellowish to

brownish oily liquid (Ref. 136, Sax and Lewis,

1987)

Melting Point: 2.4" C (Ref. 134, Riddick et

al., 1986)

Boiling Point: 194* C (Ref. 134, Riddick et

al., 1986)

Vapor Pressure: 0.518 mm Hg @ 250 C

(Ref. 163, Weber et al., 1981)

Specific Gravity: 0.956 (Ref. 136, Sax and

Lewis, 1987)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

2.31 (Ref. 68, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25 ° C: 1,450 mg/L

(Ref. 26, Chao et al., 1983)

Log K.: 1.90 (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

Henry's Constant: 5.68 X 0'atm m3

mole- (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

pK.: 5.15 (Ref. 26, Chao et al., 1983)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposurel

release. In 1979, domestic production of

N,N-dimethylaniline was 13.7 million

pounds (Ref. 158, U.S. ITC, 1980).

Information on current production

volumes is CBI, but production is

substantial. NN-Dimethylaniline is used

in dyes, as a synthetic intermediate for

vanillin, pharmaceuticals, and other

compounds, solvent, stabilizer, and

polymerization catalyst (Ref. 91,

Lawrence and Marshall, 1985; Ref. 136,

Sax and Lewis, 1987).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The NOES survey estimated

that 28,048 workers (7395 females were

potentially exposed to NNdimethylaniline in 9 different industrial

classifications (Ref. 120, NIOSH, 1990).

Of these workers, 39 percent were

potentially exposed during the use of

trade name products containing this

compound.

Environmental exposure. NNdimethylaniline was detected in 8

samples obtained from 3 industries and

POTWs at a maximum concentration of

3.1 ppm (Ref. 138, Shackelford et al.,

1983). According to TRI, 129,829 lbs of

N,N-dimethylaniline were released to

the air, 17,613 pounds were released to

water, and 250 lbs were released to land

in 1987 (Ref. 153, TRI, 1990). For 1988,

TRI indicates that 98,905 lbs were

released to air, 250 lbs were released to

land, and 19,967 lbs were released to

water (Ref. 153, TRI, 1990). NNDimethylaniline was detected in soil

samples obtained near the bank of the

Buffalo River, NY, 1979 at

concentrations of 10 to 40 ppm (Ref. 118,

Nelson and Hites, 1980). NNDimethylaniline was found in the Rhine

River, Germany, in 1984 (Ref. 144,

Sontheimer et al., 1985) and in the Wall

River, Netherlands, in 1974 at a

maximum concentration of 3.6 ppb (Ref.

105, Meijers and Vanderleer, 1976). NNDimethylaniline was qualitatively

detected in water from Lake Ontario,

but not Lake Erie (Ref. 64, Great Lakes

Water Quality Board, 1983).

I. Chemical Fate Information

N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to

undergo rapid atmospheric oxidation by

reaction with photochemically produced

hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and with

nitrate radicals at night (Ref. 8, Atkinson

et al., 1987). In water, NNdimethylaniline is expected to degrade

by its reaction with singlet oxygen (Ref.

65, Haag and Hoigne, 1985), and alkoxy

radicals (Ref. 108, Mill et al., 1980) in

sunlit waters. Biological processes are

also likely to remove NNdimethylaniline from the aquatic

compartment (Ref. 18, BIODEG, 1990;,

Ref. 117, Niemi et al., 1987), but there are

uncertainties associated with its fate in

wastewater treatment facilities. It is not

expected to volatilize from water to the

atmosphere nor is it likely to adsorb to

soil (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982).

Available persistence data are probably

inadequate to predict the activated

sludge biodegradation of NNdimethylaniline, because data were not

generated using test systems that

simulated in situ wastewater treatment.

The Committee recommends chemical

fate testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the persistence of

N,N-dimethylaniline and because there

are potentially substantial

environmental releases.

II. Health Effects Information

Data related to the pharmacokinetics

of NN-dimethylaniline were limited to

several in vitro metabolism studies with

rat and rabbit microsomal enzymes (Ref.

6, Arrhenius, 1968; Ref. 72, Heinze et al.,

1970; Ref. 155, Uehleke et al., 1971; Ref.

17, Bickel et al., 1971; Ref. 166, Ziegler

and Gold, 1971; Ref. 42, Devereux and

Fouts, 1974; Ref. 133, Rane, 1974; Ref. 76,

Hlavica and Kehl, 1974; Ref. 77, Hlavica

and Kehl, 1976; Ref. 16, Beije and

Arrhenius, 1978; Ref. 63, Gorrod et al.,

1979; Ref. 62, Gorrod and Gooderham,

1981; Ref. 124, Ohmiya and Mehendale,

1983; Ref. 125, Olsson et al., 1983; Ref.

67, Hamill and Cooper, 1984; Ref. 123,

Odenbro and Arrhenius, 1984; Ref. 126,

Olsson et al., 1984; Ref. 42, Devereux et

al., 1985) and in viva metabolism studies

in rats, rabbits and dogs (Ref. 74,

Hildebrandt, 1907; Ref. 48, Elson et al.,

1946; Ref. 86, Kiese and Renner, 1974).

Quantitative data regarding absorption,

distribution, or excretion may be

necessary to characterize the oral and

inhalation pharmacokinetics of NNdimethylaniline.

A 13-week gavage study (that

included comprehensive

histopathological examination) in

groups of 10 male and 10 female F344/N

9555
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

rats and B6C3F1 mice treated with 31.25,

62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 5 days per

week identified the erythrocyte and the

spleen as the most sensitive target

organs in both species; however, a

NOAEL was not reported (Ref. 1, Abdo

et al., 1984; Ref. 122, NTP. 1989).

Compound-related clinical signs

included lethargy in rats and mice and

cyanosis in rats. The only inhalation

study available was a brief abstract that

reported altered muscle chronaxie and

evidence of hemolytic anemia in the

high dose group of rats continuously

exposed for 100 days to 0.04 or 0.3 mg/

m3 (Ref. 103, Markosyan, 1969). There

are probably insufficient data to

characaterize the subchronic inhalation

toxicity of NN-dimethylaniline, because

existing studies were not available in

sufficient detail to identify effects on the

respiratory tract and thresholds for

inhalation exposure.

Anger and Johnson (Ref. 3, 1985)

suggested that NN-dimethylaniline

could be neurotoxic.

A 2-year chronic toxicity-oncogenicity

gavage study in groups of 50 male and

50 female F344/N rats treated with 3 or

30 mg/kg, 5 days per week and similarly

sized groups of B6C3F1 mice treated

with 15 or 30 mg/kg, 5 days per week

identified the rat as more sensitive than

the mouse to the noncarcinogenic effects

of NN-dimethylaniline on the

erythrocyte and spleen (Ref. 122, NTP,

1989). This study also reported some

evidence of carcinogenicity in male rats

(sarcomas and osteosarcomas of the

spleen) and equivocal evidence of

carcinogenicity in female mice

(squamous cell papillomas of the

forestomach).

Mutagenicity data were limited to

negative results for reverse mutation in

four strains of Salmonella and positive

results for forward mutation in mouse

lymphoma L5178Y cells and for sister

chromatid exchange and chromosomal

aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary

cells (Ref. 122, NTP, 1989). In vivo

testing may be necessary to characterize

the mutagenicityof NN-dimethylaniline.

Data regarding reproductive and

developmental toxicity were limited to a

study in 50 CD-1 albino mice treated

with NN-dimethylaniline in corn oil at

365 mg per kg per day on gestation days

7 to 14; maternal mortality, but no

effects on body weight or viability of the

neonatal offspring were reported (Ref.

131, Piccirillo et al., 1983). A 2-

generation study designed to adequately

evaluate effects on body weight or

viability of the neonatal offspring may

be necessary to characterize the

reproductive effects of N,Ndimethylaniline.

The Committee recognizes that OSHA

has recently reconsidered the PEL for

occupational exposure (54 FR 2654). The

Committee recognizes that NIOSH has

Health Hazard Evaluations and other

reports for NN-dimethylaniline that are

available from NTIS and the Committee

is placing a list of these documents in

the public docket. The Committee

recommends health effects testing

because there are potentially substantial

exposures, because there are insufficient

data to reasonably determine or predict

health effects and because these data

are needed to reduce the uncertainty

associated with risk assessments for

N,N-dimethylaniline.

III. Ecological Effects Information

Algal toxicity data are limited to an

algal bioassay (Ref. 15, Batterton et al.,

1978) and a study of energy metabolism

enzymes in marine algae (Ref. 5,

Armstrong et al., 1981). Acute aquatic

toxicity studies are available for a

ciliated protozoan and several species

of fish (Ref. 4, AQUIRE, 1990). The

committee reviewed available algal and

acute aquatic invertebrate toxicity data

and believes these data are insufficient

because no EC~o values were reported.

The Committee recommends ecological

effects testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the ecological

effects of NN-dimethylaniline and

because there are potentially substantial

environmental releases.

Ethyl Acetate

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 141-78-8

Synonyms and Trade Names: Acetic

ether, acetic ester, vinegar naphtha.

Empirical Formula: C4HOs

Molecular Weight: 88.1

Physical State at 25* C: Liquid

Description of Chemical: Clear, volatile,

flammable liquid; characteristic fruity odor

pleasant taste when diluted (Ref. 164,

Windholz et al., 1983].

Melting Point- -83.6* C (Ref. 96, Lide,

1990)

Boiling Point: 77.1 (Ref. 98, Lide, 1990)

Vapor Pressure: 94.5 mm Hg @ 25* C

(Ref. 2, Ambrose et al., 1981)

Specific Gravity: 0.898 (Ref. 164,

Windholz et al., 1983)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

0.73 (Ref. 68, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25* C: 80,000 mg/L

(Ref. 12, Banerjee, 1984)

Log I_: 0.94 (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

Henry's Constant: 1.38 X 10'4atm m 3

mole- (Ref. 20, Bocek, 1976)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. In 1988, 254.2 million pounds of

ethyl acetate are produced in the United

States (Ref. 159, U.S. ITC, 1989). Ethyl

acetate has the following uses:

coatings-41 percent; exports-36

percent; solvent-13 percent; plastics--8

percent; chemical synthesis-2 percent

(Ref. 29, CMR, 1986). Many of its solvent

uses include consumer products.

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The NOES survey estimated

that 419,180 workers (99,059 female)

were potentially exposed to ethyl

acetate (Ref. 120, NIOSH, 1990). Of these

workers, 87 percent were potentially

exposed during the use of trade name

products containing this compound.

Potential exposure to ethyl acetate was

associated with 34 different industrial

classifications (Ref. 120, NIOSH, 1990).

In addition, ethyl acetate is used as a

solvent in numerous consumer

applications. OSHA's PEL = 400 ppm 8-

hour TWA; the Committee learned that

Sweden may reduce their PEL to 150

ppm, but is unaware of the basis for this

potential reduction.

Environmental exposure. Ethyl

acetate was detected in 66 samples

obtained from 17 industries and POTWs

at a maximum concentration of 7.7 ppm

(Ref. 138, Shackelford et al., 1983). Of

204 sites monitored in 14 heavily

industrialized river basins in the U.S.,

ethyl acetate was detected at a

concentration of 1 ppb (Ref. 51, Ewing et

al., 1977). In a compilation of air

monitoring data collected between 1970

and 1987, the median concentration of

ethyl acetate in urban sites was 0.733

ppb (Ref. 139, Shah and Heyerdahl,

1988). Ethyl acetate was also detected in

industrialized and urban sites in

Virginia and West Virginia at

concentrations ranging from <0.012 to

1.9 ppb (Ref. 50, Erickson and Pellizzari,

1978). The STORET database indicates.

that ethyl acetate has also been

detected in groundwater (Ref. 148,

STORET, 1990).

I. Chemical Fate Information

In the atmosphere, ethyl acetate

appears to be susceptible to removal by

oxidative processes (Ref. 8, Atkinson,

1987; Ref. 28 CHEMFATE, 1990). The

available data indicates that ethyl

acetate's fate in water will be

dominated by both rapid volatilization

to the atmosphere (Ref. 100, Lyman et

al., 1982) and rapid biodegradation (Ref.

18, BIODEG, 1990). Biodegradation is

also likely to be a significant fate

process in soil (Ref. 18, BIODEG, 1990).

Ethyl acetate should not significantly

adsorb to soil (Ref. 100, Lyman et al.,

1982). The Committee is not

recommending chemical fate testing at

this time.

, ,,, 9556
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

II. Health Effects Information

Ethyl acetate was readily absorbed

following oral or inhalation

administration to rabbits and rats,

respectively, and was rapidly

hydrolysed to ethanol and acetic acid

(Ref. 150, Tambo, 1973; Ref. 58, Gallaher

and Loomis, 1975). In a comprehensive

90-day gavage study in groups of 30

male and 30 female Sprague-Dawley

rats treated with ethyl acetate in corn

oil at doses of 300, 900 or 3,600 mg per kg

per day, toxic effects resulting in

reduced food intake and body weight,

and altered organ weights were reported

in high dose males; increased salivation,

breathing changes and lethargy were

also observed in high-dose groups (Ref.

156, U.S. EPA, 1986). Adverse effects on

body weights, blood counts and

urinalysis were not reported in a study

in which 3 guinea pigs were

intermittently exposed by inhalation to

7,206 mg ethyl acetate vapors/ms for

about 11 weeks (Ref. 143, Smyth and

Smyth, 1928).

Data were not located regarding the

developmental effects or reproductive

toxicity of ethyl acetate.

Ethyl acetate was negative for

induction of reverse mutation in

Salmonella when tested with (but not

without) metabolic activation (Ref. 80,

Ishidate et al., 1984). Positive results

were observed for mitotic aneuploidy

but negative results were observed for

point mutations and recombination in

yeast (Ref. 167, Zimmerman et al., 1985).

In mammalian test systems, a positive

response was reported for chromosomal

aberrations in Chinese hamster

fibroblasts in vitro (Ref. 80, Ishidate et

al., 1984) and a negative response was

reported for micronucleus formation in

Chinese hamsters (Ref. 14, Basler, 1986).

In vivo gene mutation testing may be

necessary to characterize the

mutagenicity of NN-dimethylaniline.

Ethyl acetate was not a complete

carcinogen when applied dermally (0.2

mL, 45 times during 23 weeks) to 8

female CD-1 mice (Ref. 98, Lindenfelser

et al., 1974). Ethyl acetate at doses of 3.6

or 18 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection 3

times per week for a total of 24

injections was negative in the Strain A

mouse lung tumor assay (Ref. 147,

Stoner et al., 1973). The mice were

sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose.

The Committee recognizes that

NIOSH has Hazard Evaluation and

Technical Assistance reports, etc. for

ethyl acetate that are available from

NTIS and the Committee is placing these

documents in the public docket. The

Committee recommends screening

health effects testing and triggering

oncogenicity testing because there are

potentially substantial exposures,

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict health

effects and because these data are

needed to reduce the uncertainty

associated with risk assessments for

ethyl acetate.

III. Ecological Effects Information

The Committee recognizes that acute

LC values are available for 14

invertebrate species, 3 species of

freshwater fish, freshwater algae, a

salamander, and a toad. These data

indicate that ethyl acetate is acutely

toxic to aquatic fauna at concentrations

ranging from 9 to < 1,000 mg/L (Ref. 4,

AQUIRE, 1990). The Committee is not

recommending ecological effects testing

at this time.

2,6-Dimethylphenol

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 576-26-1

Synonyms and Trade Names: 2,6-Xylenol

Empirical Formula: CsHoO

Molecular Weight: 122.2

Physical State at 250 C: Solid

Description of Chemical: White

crystalline solid (Ref. 96, Lide, 1990)

Melting Point: 490 C (Ref. 96, Lide, 1990)

Boiling Point: 2120 C (Ref. 96, Lide, 1990)

Vapor Pressure: 0.15 mm Hg @ 200 C

(Ref. 163, Weber et al., 1981)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

2.36 (Ref. 68, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25' C: 96,000 mg/L

(Ref. 162, Wasik et al., 1981)

Log K: 1.45 [Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

Henry's Constant: 7.5 X 107 atm m3

mole "1 (Ref. 100, Lyman et al., 1982)

pK,: 10.59 (Ref. 129, Pearce and Simkins,

1968)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure!

release. In 1977, between 2 and 20

million pounds of 2,6-dimethylphenol

were produced at 6 different facilities in

the United States (Ref. 154, TSCAPP,

1990). There were 2 facilities that

manufactured 2,6-dimethylphenol in the

U.S. in 1989 (Ref. 145, SRI, 1989).

Information on current production

volumes is CBI, but production is

substantial. It is used primarily in the

production of poly(phenylene oxide)

resins (Ref. 52, Fiege, 1987). 2,6-

Dimethylphenol is also used in the

manufacture of tetramethylbisphenol A,

2,6-dimethylaniline, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-

dimethylphenyl)methane, dyes,

pharmaceuticals and fragrances, and as

a mixture with other xylenols, in

disinfectants, solvents, pharmaceuticals,

insecticides, fungicides, plasticizers,

rubber chemicals, lubricant and gasoline

additives, and wetting agents (Ref. 136,

Sax and Lewis, 1987).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. 2,6-Dimethylphenol is used in

a variety of commercial applications,

many of which can lead to worker

exposure. The NOES survey estimated

that 1,941 workers (179 females) were

potentially exposed to 2,6-

dimethylphenol. Of these workers, 95

percent were potentially exposed during

the use of trade name products

containing this compound.

Environmental exposure. 2,6-

Dimethylphenol was detected in 64

samples obtained from 33 industries and

POTWs at a maximum concentration of

2,895 ppm (Ref. 138, Shackelford et al.,

1983). In a compilation of air monitoring

data collected between 1970 and 1987,

the mean concentration of 2,6-

dimethylphenol in source dominated

areas was reported as 0.080 ppb (Ref.

139, Shah and Heyerdahl, 1988). The

mean concentration of 2,6-

dimethylphenol in the air of Portland,

OR, during 7 rain events in 1984 was 2.2

ppt, while the concentration of 2,6-

dimethylphenol in the rain ranged from

84 to 280 ng/L (Ref. 93, Leuenberger et

al., 1985). 2,6-Dimethylphenol was

detected in shale oil wastewater in the

range 0.75 to 1.7 pg/L (Ref. 71,

Hawthorne and Sievers, 1984) and at 12

mg/L in the wastewater from the

gasification of coal (Ref. 59, Giabbi et

al., 1985). It was detected in

groundwater samples from a wood

preserving facility in Florida at a

concentration of 0.90 mg/L, while the

concentration of 2,6-dimethylphenol 330

m from the site was 0.29 mg/L (Ref. 61,

Goerlitz et al., 1985).

I. Chemical Fate Information

Atmospheric degradation by

photochemically produced hydroxyl

radicals should rapidly remove 2,6-

dimethylphenol in sunlight (Ref. 10,

Atkinson, 1987); degradation at night

should be more rapid in urban areas

through the reaction with nitrate

radicals (Ref. 25, Carter, 1981). Rain

washout is expected to be an effective

method of atmospheric removal for 2,6-

dimethylphenol (Ref. 93, Leuenberger et

al, 1985). Limited data are available on

the fate of 2,6-dimethylphenol in water.

Volatilization from water is not

expected to be a significant removal

process based on the Henry's Law

constant (Ref. 100, Lyman et al, 1982]. In

humic waters, reaction with alkyl

peroxy radicals should occur (Ref. 110,

Mill, 1982); however, no chemical

specific data are available. Screening

studies suggests that 2,6-dimethylphenol

biodegrades fast under aerobic

conditions after acclimation (Ref. 18,

BIODEG, 1990); however, data are

9557
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

limited and no studies of the

degradation of 2,6-dimethylphenol in

environmental samples are available.

Under anaerobic conditions, one

screening study indicates that 2,6-

dimethylphenol is not expected to

biodegrade (Ref. 18, BIODEG, 1990).

Aqueous photolysis rate estimates and

biodegradation data are probably

inadequate to determine photolysis and

biodegradation rates of 2,6-

dimethylphenol in the environment,

because the estimates and data were

not generated using test systems that

simulate in situ processes. The

Committee recommends chemical fate

testing because there are insufficient

data to reasonably determine or predict

the persistence of 2,6-dimethylphenol

and because there are potentially

substantial environmental releases.

II. Health Effects Information

In 2 reports of an 8-month rat gavage

study, histopathological changes in the

liver, spleen and kidneys and changes in

body weight, blood pressure and levels

of protein sulfhydryl groups in blood

serum and internal organs were

observed in 53 male rats treated with 6

mg per kg per day (Ref. 160, Veldre and

Janes, 1979 and Ref. 101, Maazik, 1968).

Effects were not seen in rats dosed with

0.6 mg per kg per day. Increased relative

liver and spleen weights, decreased

body weight gain and marked atrophy

and parenchymatous dystrophy of liver

cells were observed in 10 male albino

rats treated by gavage with 29.5 mg per

kg per day for 10 weeks (Ref. 101,

Maazik, 19687).

Data on the developmental toxicity or

reproductive effects of 2,6-

dimethylphenol were not located.

Oncogenicity data were limited to a

dermal study that identified 2,6-

dimethylphenol as a weak promoter in

the two-stage mouse skin assay (Ref. 21,

Boutwell and Bosch, 1959). In this study,

30 female Sutter mice were treated with

an initial 75 jg application of

dimethylbenzanthracene followed by 25

fL of 20 percent 2,6-dimethylphenol in

benzene for 15 weeks. The mice were

sacrificed at 23 weeks. In a second part

of this study, 25 pL of 10 percent 2,6-

dimethylphenol was applied twice

weekly for 20 weeks to mice that had

not been initiated with

dimethylbenzanthracene and the mice

were maintained for an additional 8

weeks. There were "minimal effects"

indicating carcinogenicity.

Mutagenicity testing of 2,6-

dimethylphenol was limited to a single

study in which the compound was

negative with and without metabolic

activation in the reverse mutation test in

4 strains of Salmonella (Ref. 54, Florin et

al., 1980). Additional testing in nonbacterial systems may be necessary to

characterize the mutagenicity of 2,6-

dimethylphenol.

The Committee recommends

screening health effects testing because

there are potentially substantial

exposures, because there are insufficient

data to reasonably determine or predict

health effects and because these data

are needed to reduce the uncertainty

associated with risk assessments for 2,6-

dimethylphenol.

III. Ecological Effects Information

Acute aquatic toxicity studies are

available for green algae, duckweed,

daphnids, sea urchins, fathead minnows

and Atlantic cod, and one chronic study

is available for the fathead minnow

(Ref. 4, AQUIRE, 1990). Available algal

toxicity data are probably insufficient

because no ECso values were reported.

Available fish chronic toxicity data are

probably insufficient because they do

not provide information on the effects of

2,6-dimethylphenol to sensitive fish life

stages. The Committee recommends

additional ecological effects testing

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict the

ecological effects of 2,6-dimethylphenol

and because there are substantially

potential environmental releases.

References

(1) Abdo, K., Wolfe, M., and Hiles, R.

"Subchronic toxicity of N-N-dimethylaniline

to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice." Federal

Proceedings. 43(3): 1608 (1984).

(2) Ambrose, D, Ellender, J.H., Gundry,

H.A., Lee, D.A., and Townsend, R.

"Thermodynamic properties of organic

oxygen compounds. LI. The vapour pressures

of some esters and fatty acids." Journal of

Chemical Thermodynamics. 13: 795-802

(1981).

(3) Anger, W. and Johnson, B.L.

"Chemicals Affecting Behavior."

Neurotoxicity of Industrial and Commercial

Chemicals. J.L O'Donoghue, ed. Boca Taton,

FL: CRC Press (1985).

(4) AQUIRE. Aquatic Toxicity Information

Retrieval Data Base. Duluth. MN: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency,

Environmental Research Laboratory (1990).

(5) Armstrong, J.E., Fehler, S.W., and

Calder, I.A. "Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the growth and energetics

of marine microalgae." Biological Monitoring

of Marine Pollutants. pp. 449-466 (1981).

(6) Arrhenius, E. "Effects on hepatic

microsomal N- and C-oxygenation of

aromatic amines by in viva corticosteroid or aminofluorene treatment, diet, or stress."

Cancer Research. 28(20): 264-273 (1968).

(7) Artiola-Fortuny, J., and Fuller, W.H,

"Adsorption of some monohydrobenzene

derivatives by soils." Soil Science. 133: 18-26

(1982).

(8) Atkinson, R. "A structure-activity relationship for the estimation of rate

constants for gas-phase reactions of Oh

radicals with organic compounds."

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.

19: 799-828 (1987).

(9) Atkinson, R.. and Carter, W.P.L.

"Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase

reactions of ozone with organic compounds

under atmospheric conditions." Chemical

Reviews. 84: 437-470 (1984).

(10) Atkinson. R., Tuazon, E.C., Wallington,

T.J., Aschmann. S.M., Arey, I.. Winer, A.M.,

and Pitts, JN. Jr. "Atmospheric chemistry of

aniline, N.N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, 1,3,5-

triazine, and nitrobenzene." Environmental

Science and Technology. 21: 64-72 (1987).

(11) Baker, E.L., Landrigan, P.J., Bertozzi,

P.E., Field, P.11, Basteyns, B.J., and Skinner,

H.C. "Phenol poisoning due to contaminated

drinking water." Archives of Environmental

Health. 83: 89-94 (1978).

(12) Banerjee, S. "Solubility of organic

mixtures in water." Environmental Science

and Technology. 18: 587-591 (1984).

(13) BASF. Intercompany acrylate study

group-summary of toxicological research with

attachments and cover letter. Submitted by

BASF Corp. to U.S. EPA under TSCA Section

8(d). Microfiche No. OTS0520805. (1989).

(14) Basler, A. "Aneuploidy-inducing

chemicals in yeast evaluated by the

micronucleus test." Mutation Research. 174:

11-13 (1986).

(15) Batterton. I., Winters, K., and Van

Ballen, C. "Anilines: Selective toxicity to

bluegreen algae." Science. 199(4333): 1068-

1070 (1978).

(16) Beije, B., and Arrhenius, E. "Influence

of cystein deficiency on the inhibition of

hepatic microsomal detoxication by methyl

mercury in two rat strains." ChemicoBiological Interactions. 21(2-3): 167-178

(1978).

(17] Bickel, M.H., Willi, P., and Gigon, P.L

"Species and substrate differences of liver

microsomal N-dealkylation and N-oxidation

of tertiary amines and N-dealkylation of Noxides." Xenobiotica. 1(4--5: 533-534 (1971).

(18) BIODEG. (Database). Syracuse, NY:

Syracuse Research Corporation (1990).

(19) BIOLOG. (Database). Syracuse, NY:

Syracuse Research Corporation (1990).

(20) Bocek, K. "Relationships among

activity coefficients, partition coefficients

and solubilities." Experientia, Suppl. 23: 231-

240 (1976).

(21) Boutwell, RK., and Bosch, D.K. "The

tumor-promoting action of phenol and related

compounds for mouse skin." Cancer

Research. 19: 413-424 (1959).

(22) Boyd, S.A. "Adsorption of substituted

phenols by soil." Soil Science. 134: 337-343

(1982).

(23) Callahan, M.A., Slimak, M.W., N.W.

Gabel, et al. Water related environmental

fate of 129 priority pollutants. Volume 2.

EPA-440/479-029B. Washington, DC: U.S.

EPA, Office of Water Planning and

Standards, Office of Water and Waste

Management (1979).

(24) Capel, I.D., French, MR., Milluburn, P.,

Smith, R.L., and Williams, R.T. "The fate of

I ("C]phenol in various species." Xenobiotica.

2:25-34 (1972).

(25) Carter, W.P.L.; Winer, A.M.: Pitts,

J.N.Jr. Major Atmospheric Sink for Phenol

9558
Federal, Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

and the Cresol. Reaction with Nitrate

Radical Environ Sci Tech 15: 829-31. (1961).

(261 Cheo, J., Li, C.T., and Chung, T1H1

"Vapor press re of coal chenicals." Journal

of Physical and Chemical Reference at. 12:

10331063 (1983).

(27) Cherecyclepedia. Kuney, J.H, Ed.

Vohme 8. Washington, DC: American

Chemical Society. pp. 43,278 (19W.

(28) CHEMFATE. Data Base. Syracuse. NY:

Syracuse Research Corporata. (1990).

(29) CMR. "Ethyl Acetaft Chemical

Profile." CemicalarkatingReporte.

March 31, M (1966Q.

(30) CMR. "Phenol Chenica Profile."

Chemical Marketing Reporter. September 14,

1987 (1987).

(31) Cole, RH., Frederick, R.E., Healy, R.P.,

and Rolan, R.G. "Preliminary findings of the

priority pollutant monitoring project of the

nationwide urban runoff program." Journal of

the Water Pollutioa Control Federation. 50

898-908(19841..

(32) Cot. LL.. Hochwalt, A.E., Seidman. I.,

Budzilovich, G.N.. Sokm, J. and Segal, A.

"Acrylic acid: Skin carcinogeasia in ICR/HA

mice." FYI submission by Rob.. and Haas

Co. to U.S. EPA. Microfiche No. OTS0000367-

2. (19N

(33) Dalin N.L, and Kristofferson, R

"Physiological effects of sublethal

concentration of inhaled phenol in the rat."

Annales Zoologici Fennici. 11 193-19 (1974).

(34) Daubert. T.E., and Danner, R.P. Data

Compilation Tables of Properties of Pure

Compounds. New York, New York. American

Institute of Chemical Engineers (1985).

(35) Deichmann, W.B. "Phenol studies. V.

The distribution. detoxification, and

excretion af phenol in the mammalian body.

Archives of Biochemistry. 3: 345-355 (1944).

(38) Deichmann. W.. and Oesper. P.

"Ingestion of phenol. Effects on the albino

rat." IndustrialMedicine. 9:296 11940),

(37) Deichmann, W.B., and M.L Keplinger.

"Phenols and phenolic compounds." In:

Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology;

Clayton, GD.. and Clayton, F.K, eds. Volume

2A. 3rd revised edition. New York, NY: John

Wiley Sons. pp. 257B-2584 (1981).

(38) Deichmann, W.B., Kitzmilter, K.V., and

Witherup, S. "Phenol studies. VII. Chronic

phenol poisoning with special reference to

the effects upon experimental animals of the

inhalation of phenol vapor." American

Journal of Clinical Pathology. 14: 273-277

(1944).

(39) DePass, LI., Woodside, M.D, Garman,

R.H., and Weil, C.S. "Subchronic and

reproductive toxicology studies on acrylic

acid in drnking water of the rat." Drug and

Chemical Toxicology. 6(1): 1-20 '1983).

(40) DePass, LR., Fowler, E.H.. Meckley,

D.R., and Weil. C.S. "Dermal oncogenicity

bioassays of acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, and

butyl acrylate.'7ournal of Toxicology and

Environmental Health. 14.T15-120 (1984).

(41) Devereux, TR., and Fouts, J.R. "NOxidation and demethylation of NVdimethylaniline by rabbit liver and lung

microsomes. Effects of age and metals."

Chemica-Biologico[iinteroctions. 8- 91-105

(1974).

(42) Devereux, T.R., Diliberto, ).J., and

Fouts, J.R. "Cytochrome P-450

monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase and

flavin monooxygenase activities in Clara

cells and alveolar type It cells isolated from

rabbit." Cellular Biology and Toxicology 1(2):

57-65 (1985).

(431 Dow Chemical Co. "The toxcicity of

phenol." Biochem. Research Laboratory.

Unpublished Report dated 04/12/45 (1945.

(44) Draper, W.M., and Crosby, D.G.

"Photochemical generation of superoxide

radical anion irt water." Journal of

Agricultural Food Chemistry. 31: 734-737

(1983).

t45) Ehrhardt, M. "Photooxidation products

of fossil fuel components in the water of

Hamilton Harbor, Bermuda." Marine

Chemistry. 22: 85-94 (1987).

(46) Ehrhardt, 4., Bouchertall, F.. and Hop&

H. "Aromatic Ketones concentrated from

Baltic Sea water." Marine Chemistry. 11:

449461 (1982).

(47) Elliger, C.A., Henika, P.R. and

MacGregor, I.T. "Mutagenicity of flavoneas,

chromones and acetophenones. In Salmonella

typhimurium: New structure-activity

relationships'Mlztation Research. 135:77-88

(19841.

(48] Elwn LA.. Goulden. F, and Warren,

F.L "The metabolism of aromatic amines."

Biochemical lournal. 40, 29194).

(49) EPA. Ambient water quality document

for phenol. EPA440/5-8G-O6. U.S

Environmental Protection Agency. p. C-3

(1980).

(50) Erickson, M.D., and Pe~lizzari, E.D.

"Analysis of organic air pollutants in the

Kanawha Valley, WV and the Shenandoah

Valley, VA." EPA903/9-78-07 (1978).

(511 Ewing. B.B., Chias ES.K, Cook, j.C,

Evans, C.A., Hopke. P.K., and Perkins, E.G.

"Monitoring to detect previously

unrecognized pollutants in surface waters-'

Appendix. Organic analysis data. EPA-SO/

6-77-015. (1977).

(52) Fiege, HL. "Cresols and xylnols." In:

Ullman "'s Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. 5t edition. AB: 25-59 (1987).

(53) Fialding..M.,.Gibson T.M., James. HA.

McLoughlin, K., and Steel, C.P. "Organic

micropollutants in drinking water" TR-159.

Medmenham, England. Water Research

Centre (1981).

(54) Florin, I, Ratherg, L, Curval, M, and

Enzell, C.R. "Screening of tobacco smoke

constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames

test." Toxiclogy. I: 219-232 (1980)

(55) Fraser, I.M., Peters, M.AS., and

Hardinge, M.G. "Purification and some

characteristics of an alphabeta-unstaturated

ketone reductase from dog erythrocytes and

human liver." Molecular Pharmacology. 3:

233-247 (1967.

(56) Gaffney, JTS,, Strait, G.E., Spal, W.D.,

and Hall. J.H. "Beyond acid rain -do soluble

oxidants and organic toxins interact with SOi

and NO. to increase ecosystem effects?"

Environmental Science and Technology. 21:

519523 (1987).

(57) Gage, J.C 'The subacute inhalation

toxicity of 109 industriaF chemicals." British

Journal'of Industril Medicine. 27: 1-18

(1970).

(58), Gallaher, E.), and Loomis. TA.

"Metabolism of ethyl acetate in the rat.

Hydrolysis to ethyl alcohol in vitro and in

viva." Toxicology and Applied

Pharmacology. 34(2): 309-313 (1975).

(591 Giabbai, MF., Cross, W.H:, Chian,

E.S.K., and Dewalle, FB. "Characterization of

major and minor pollutants in waste waters

from coat gassification processes."

Internationalournal of Environmental

Analytical Chemistry. 20:113-129 (1985].

(60) Glombitza, K.W., and Heyser, R.

"Antimicrobial components in algae. 4. Effect

of acrylic acid on respiration and

macromolecular synthesis on Staphylococcus

aureus and Escherichis ccli." Herolaender

Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntemuchungen.

22(3-4): 442-453 (1971).

(61) Goerlitz, D.F., Troutman, D.E., Godsy,

E.M., and Franks. B. . "Migration of woodpreserving chemicals in contaminated

groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola,

Florida." Environmental Science and

Technology. 19(10]: 955-961 (1985).

(62) Gorrodj.,W, and Gooderham, N.J.

"The in vitro metabolism of NAN

dimethylaniniline by Spinea pig and rabbit

tissue. preparations." Europenr Journal of

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacakinetics. 6(3):

195-206 (811.

(63) Gorrod. J.W. Temple, D. , and Beckett

A.H. 'The N- and alpha-C-oxidation of NN

dialkylanilines by rabbit liver microsomes in

vitro." Xenobiotico. 9(1): 17-25 (1979).

(64) Great Lakes Water Quality Board "An

inventory of chemical substances identified

in the Great Lakes ecosystem." Report to the

Great Lakes Water Quality Board. Windsor

Ontario, Canada. 1: 10 (1983).

(65) Haag, W.R., and Hoigne, 1.

"Degradation of compounds inwater by

singlet oxygen" In: Water Chlorination:

Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical

Environmental Impact and Health Effects.

Jolley, R.LL., ad. pp. 1011-1020 (1985).

(66) Haga E.G., Hansen, W.H. Fitzhuh,

O.G., et aL "Food flavouringa and compounds

of related structure. IL Subacute and chronic

toxicity." Food and Cosmetics Toxicology.

5(2): 141-157 (1967).

(67) Hamill, S,. and Cooper, D.Y. "The role

of cytochrome P-450 in the dual pathways of

Ndemethylatfon of NN-dimethylaailine by

hepatic microsomes." Zenobiotica. 14(1-2):

139-149 (1984),

(881 Hansch, C., and Leo, A.J, Medchem

Project. Issue Nos. 19, 28. Claremont, CA:

Pomona College 1981).

(69) HassetR.J., Means, j.C., Banwart,

WI... and Woods, S.S, Sorption properties of

sediments and energy-related pollutants.

EPA-em0/30-0--L Athens, GA. US. EPA. p.

17 (1980).

(70) Hawley, GQ- Condensed Chemfcal.

Dictionary. 10th edition. New York, NY: Van

Nostrand Reinhold Co, Inc. p. 1135 (1981)

(71) Hawthorne, S". and Sieverm l.

"Emission. of organic air pollutants from shale

oil wastewaters." Environmental Science and

Technology. 18(6). 483-490 (1984).

(72) Heinze, ., Hlavica, P., Klese. U., and

Lipowskf, C, "N-Oxygenation of arylamines

in microsomes prepared from corpora lutes of

the cycle and other tissues of the pig."

Biochemical Pharmacology. 19(3]: 641 -49

(1970).

(73) Heller, V.G., and Pursell, L "Phenolcontaminated waters and their phayiological action." Journal of Pharmacol and'

Experimental Therapeutics. 63: 99-107 (1938).

9559
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

(74) Hildebrandt, H. "Uber das biologische

verhalten von phenylalkylaminen und

phenylalkylammonuimbasen." Beitraege zur

Chemischen Physiologie und Pathologie. 9:

470-480 (1907).

(75) Hine, J., and Mookerjee, P.K. "Intrinsic

hydrophilic character of organic compounds.

Correlations in terms of structural

contributions." Journal of Organic Chemistry.

40. 292-298 (1975).

(76) Hlavica, P., and Kehl, M. "Effect of

carbon monoxide on the N-oxidation of

N,Ndimethylyaniline." Hoppe Seyler's

Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie.

355(12): 1508-1514 (1974].

(77) Hlavica, P., and Kehl, M. "Comparative

studies on the N-oxidation of aniline and

N,Ndimethylaniline by rabbit liver

microsomes." Zenobiotica. 6(11): 079-690

(1976). -

(78) Howard, P.H. Handbook of

environmental fate and exposure data for

organic chemicals. Volume I. Large

production and priority pollutants. Chelsea.

M: Lewis Publishers. pp. 468-476 (1989).

(79) IARC (International Agency for

Research on Cancer). IARC Monographs on

the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to

Humans. Overall Evaluations of

Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC

Monographs Volumes 1 to 42. Lyon, France.

Supplment 7. p. 56. (1987).

(80) Ishidate, M., Sofuni, T., and

Yoshikawa, K., et al. "Primary mutagenicity

screening of food additives currently used in

Japan." Food and Chemical Toxicology. 22:

623-636 (1984].

(81) Jones, A.H. "Sublimation-pressure data

for organic compounds." Journal of Chemical

Engineering Data. 5:196-200 (1960).

(82) Kao, J., Bridges, J.W., and Faulkner, J.K.

"Metabolism of.[ 1C]phenol by sheep, pig and

rat." Xenobiotica. 9:141-147 (1979).

(83) Kavlock, R.J. "Structure-activity

relationships in the developmental toxicity of

substituted phenols: In viva effects."

Teratology. 41: 43-59 (1990).

(84) Keith, L.H., Garrison, A.W., Allen,

F.R.. Carter, M.H., Floyd, T.L., Pope, J.D., and

Thruston, A.D., Jr. "Identification of organic

compounds in drinking water from thirteen

U.S. cities." In: Identification and Analysis of

Organic Pollutants in Water. Keith, L.H., ed.

Ann Arbor Press. pp. 329-373 (1976).

(85) Kiese, M., and Lank, W.

"Hydroacetophenones. Urinary metabolites

of ethylbenzene acetophenone in the rabbit."

Xenobiotica. 4(6): 337-343 (1974).

(86) Kiese, M., and Renner, G. "Urinary

metabolites of N,N-dimethylaniline produced

by dogs." Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archives

of Pharmacology. 283:143-150 (1974).

(87) Klimisch, H.J., and Hellwig, J. "Prenatal

toxicity of acrylic acid in rats. Department of

Toxicology, BASF Aktiengesellschaft,

Ludwigshafen/Rhine, FRG (1989).

(88) Kutzman, R.S., Meyer, G.J., and Wolf,

A.P. "The biodistribution and metabolic fate

of [IClacrylic acid in the rat after acute

inhalation exposure or stomach intubation."

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental

Health. 10(6): 969-979 (1982).

(89) Lagno, Z.Y., and Babhitizina, G.Z. "The

skin resorptive action of acetophenone." Tr.

Ufim. Nausch-issled. Inst. Gig. Prof. Sabol.

Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene 5: 90-94

(1969).

(90) Lande. S.S., Durkin, P.R., Christopher,

D.H., Howard, P.H., and Saxena, J.

"Investigation of selected potential

environmental contaminants: ketonic

solvents." EPA-560/2-76-O03, Washington,

DC: U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances.

(1976).

(91) Lawrence. F.R., and Marshall, W.J.

"Aniline" In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of

Industrial Chemistry. 5th edition. Volume A2.

Gerhartz, W., ed. Weinheim, Germany: VCI{

Publishers. pp. 309-310 (1985).

(92) Leibman, K.C. "Reduction of ketones in

liver cytosol." Xenobiotica. 1(1): 97-104

(1971).

(93) Leuenberger, C., Ligocki, M.P., and

Pankow, J.F. "Trace organic compounds in

rain. 4. Identities, concentrations, and

scavenging mechanisms for phenols in urban

air and rain." Environmental Science and

Technology. 19: 10531058 (1985).

(94) Lewis, E.J.C., and Frieden, E.

"Biochemistry of amphibian metamorphosis:

Effect of triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and

dinitrophenol on the respiration of the

tadpole." Endocrinology. 65:273-282 (1959).

(95) Liao, T.F., and Oehme, F.W. "Tissue

distribution and plasma protein binding of

[11C]phenol in rats." Toxicology andApplied

Pharmacology. 57: 220-225 (1981).

(96) Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry

and Physics. 71st edition. Boca Raton, FL:

CRC Press. pp. 3-18, 3-27, 3-381, 3-382 (1990).

(97) Lijinsky, W., and Andrews, A.W.

"Mutagenicity of vinyl compounds in

Salmonella typhimurium." Teratogenesis

Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. 1(3): 259-

267 (1980).

(98) Lindenfelser, L.A., Lillehoj, E.B., and

Burmeister, H.R. "Aflatoxin and

trichothecene toxins: Skin tumor induction

and synergistic acute toxicity in white mice."

Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 52:

113-116 (1974).

(99) Ludzack. F.J., and Ettinger, M.B.

"Biodegradability of organic chemicals

isolated from rivers." Purdue University

Engineering Bulletin Extension Services. 115:

278-282 (1903).

(100) Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., and

Rosenblatt. D.H. Handbook of Chemical

Property Estimation Methods. New York, NY:

McGraw-Hill. Chapters 4, 5, 7, 15 (1982).

(101) Maazik, I.K. "Standards for

dimethylphenol isomers in water bodies."

Gigiena I Sanitaria. (Hygiene and Sanitation).

11:2835 (1968).

(102) Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y., Bobra, A.,

Billington. J., Chau, E., yuen, A., Ng, C., and

Szeto, F. 1982. "Volatilization of organic

pollutants from water." EPA-600/53-82-019.

NTIS PB 82-230 939. Athens, GA: U.S. EPA.

pp. 91-93, 125,131, 134, and 164 (1982).

(103) Markosyan, T.M. "Comparative

toxicity of monomethylaniline and

dimethylaniline in chronic experimental

exposure." Chemical Abstracts. 71: 11369u

(1969).

(104) Mehta, R., Hiram, P.C., and Millburn,

P. "The Influence of dose on the pattern of

conjugation of phenol and 1-naphthol in

nonhuman primates." Xenobiotica. 8(7): 445-

452 (1978).

(105) Meijers, A.P., and Van Der Leer, R.C.

"The occurrence of organic micropollutants in

the River Rhine and the River Maas in 1974."

Water Research. 10: 597-604 (1976).

(106) Microbiological Associates.

"Cytogenicity study: Chinese hamster ovary

cells (CHO) in vitro; test article CJP-60." FYI

submission by Celanese Corporation to U.S.

EPA. Microfiche No. OTS0000367-4. (1986).

(107) Microbiological Associates.

"Cytogenicity study: Rat bone marrow in

viva: test article CJP-60." FYI submission by

Celanese Corporation to U.S. EPA. Microfiche

No. OTS0000367-4. (1986).

(108) Mill, T.; and Mabey, W.

"Photochemical tranformations." In:

Environmental Exposure from Chemicals.

Volume I. Neely, W.B., and Blau, G.E., eds.

Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 175-216

(1985)..

(109) Mill, T., Hendry, D.G., and

Richardson, H. "Free radical oxidants in

natural waters." Science. 207: 886-887 (1980).

(110) Mill, T. Hydrolysis and Oxidation

Processes in the Environment. Environmental

and Toxicological Chemistry. 135-41. (1982).

(111) Miller, J.J., Powell, G.M., Olavesen,

A.H., and Curtis, C.G. "The toxicity of

dimethoxyphenol and related compounds in

the cat." Toxicology and Applied

Pharmacology. 38: 47-57 (1976).

(112) Miller, R.R., Ayres, J.A., and Jersey,

G.C. "Acrylic acid 10-day vapor inhalation

study with rats and mice, final report."

#79RC-1015. Toxicology and Research

Laboratory, Health and Environmental

Science, Dow Chemical Company, Midland,

MI. (1979).

(113) Miller, R.R., Ayres, J.A., and Jersey,

G.C. "Acrylic acid 90-day vapor inhalation

study with rats and mice, final report."

#79RC-1024. Toxicology and Research

Laboratory, Health and Environmental

Science, Dow Chemical Company, Midland,

MI. (1979).

(114) Miller, R.RI, Ayres, J.A., Jersey, G.C.,

and McKenna, M.J. "Inhalation toxicicty of

acrylic acid." Fundamental and Applied

Toxicology. 1(3): 271-277 (1981).

( (115) Moore, M.M., Amtower, A., Doerr,

C.L., Brock, K.H., and Dearfield, K.L.

"Genotoxicity of acrylic acid, methyl

acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,

and ethyl methacrylate in L5178Y mouse

lymphoma cells. Environmental and

Molecular Mutagenesis. 11: 49-63 (1988).

(116) NCI (National Cancer Institute).

Bioassasy of phenol for possible

carcinogenicty in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

NIlH Publication No. 80-1759 (1980).

(117) Niemi, G.J., Veith, G.D., Regal, R.R.,

and Vaishnav, D.D. "Structural features

associated with degradable and persistent

chemicals." Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry. 6:515-527 (1987).

(118) Nelson, C.R., and Hites, R.A.

"Aromatic amines in and near the Buffalo

River." Environmental Science and

Technology. 14(9): 1147-1149 (1980).

(119) Nicola. R.M., Branchflower, R., and

Pierce, D. "Chemical contaminants in

bottomfish." Journal of Environmental

Health. 49(6): 342-347 (1987).

(120) NIOSH (National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health). National

Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES)

(1990).

(121) NTP (National Toxicology Program).

Teratologic evaluation of phenol in CD rats

9560
Federat Register I Vol. 56, No, 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

and mice. Prepared by Research Triangle

Institute. Research Triangle Park, NC. NTIDS

PB83-247726. Gay. Rep. Announce. Indem

83(25): 6247 (1983).

(122) NrP (National Toxicology Program).

Toxicology a"d carcinogenesis studies of

parachloroanibne-hydochlride in.F344/N

rats and BDC3F1 mice. " Technical Report

No. 351. U.S. Departmeit of Health and

Human Services. Public Health Service,

National Institute of Heath, Research

Triangle Park, NC. ('189]

(123) Odenbro, A., ad' Arrhenius, E.

"Effect of triethy? lead chloride on hepatic

microsomai N-oxygowtim and Coxygenation of N,Ndimethylaniline in rats."

Toxicology and Applied Phiwnacology. 74(3p.

357-363 (1984].

(124) Ohmiya, Y., and Mehendale, H.M. "NOxidation of ,Xdimethyfaniriline in the

rabbit and rat lung." Biochemical,

Pharmacology. 32(7): 1281-1265 (1983).

(125) Olasoos U., Baije. &. Wachtmeister,

C.A., and- Arrhenhia, E."Effects of

dimethylnitrosoamint on metabolism of NNVdimethylaniline by rat liver microsomes. A

comparative study of treatment in, vivo in

isolated liver perfusion and in the

micresomal system." Chenmeo-Biolbgiaol

Interocti"om. 45(2 191-M!1 ('I93).

(126) Olaon. U.. Onfiet, A.. and Beije, B.

"Dietary selenium deficiency causes

decreased Noxygenation of AXNdimethylaniline and increased mutagenicity

of dimethylnitrosoamine in the isolated rat

liver/cell culture system."' Mutotion

Research. 126{8() 73-80 (841.

(1271) Pahrem HIL. ant Bla ood, 11E.

"Biologt g oxidto. of several vinyl

compounds." WaierPathiatn Control

Federotioa Joun 33 233-238 (1961.

(12a) PCGEMS3. Graphical Exposure

Modeling System (GEMS)- CLOGP. U.S. EPA

(1987).

(129t Pearce, P... and Simkins, R.J.J. "Acid

strengths of some substituted picric acids."

Candion Joarnal sf Chemispy. 4t 241-246

(19.

(33a Perry, R.H, and Green, D. Perry's

Chemical Handbook. B. aditiaem. New York.

NY. McGraw-Hill (19a4).

(131] PicciriflI. V.J, McCall, D.L, Lunchick,

C., Plankenhom. L.., and Sexsmith, C.

Screening of priority chemicals for

reproductive hazards. NTIS PB 8a-257800. p.

108 (1963].

(13) Pini A.]. and Boring.. KJEB

"Selective degeneratio. in the rat olfactory

bulb follewing exposure to different odours."

Brain Besearch 82(4195-204 (1974),

(133) Rana, A. "A;-Oxidation of a tertiary

amine (VMN-dimethylanillne) by human fetal

liver microsomes." Chnical Pharmacology

and Therapeutics. 3Mf): 32-8 (1974).

(134) F6delcc. J.A., RBuner, W.B., and

Sakaw, " T Organic Solvents: Physical

Properties and Methods al Purification.

Techniques oi Chemfatr SerlsL 4th edition.

New York. NY: Wiley--lnterscience. 3:355-356.

64Q-641( C98a..

f "35) Sandage, C. "Tolerance criteria for

continuous inhalation exposure to toxic

mateia"'ASD Tkchnicatiteparez-6759 (1),

Kansas City, rAQ Mdkkwest Research

Institute. W. 1-29 119061.

(136 Sex., NJ- and Lewis, B.] Haweley's

Condensed Chemical Dictionary.lith edition.

New York. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company. pp. 910, 411, 421, 896-897, 1244

(1987).

(137) Serjeatt.E.P and Dempsey, B.

"Ionization constats of organic acids in

aqueous solution." JUPAC Chemical Data

Series Na.33. New York, NY: Pergamon

Press. pp, 160-101 (1979J.

(138) Shackelford, W.M., Cline, D.M., Fass,

L., and Kurth. G. "An evaluation of

automated spectrum matching for survey

identification of wastewater components by

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry."

Anolytica Chemica Act. 146: 15271

[supplemental datal (1983),

(139] S , .1, and Heyerdhl, E.KL

National ambinet volatile organic compounds.

(VOCS]) database update. EPA/60G-3-88-010.

p. 48 (1988).

(140] Singh, A.R., Lawrence, W.H, and

Autian,.J "Embryonic-fetal texicicty and

teratogenic effcts of a group of methecrylate

esters imrats" louinaof DentaL Research.

51(6]: 1632-M 81197Z).

(141) Smith, .N. Smithies, RI-., and

Williams, R.T. "Studies in, detoxication 56.

The metabolism of alkylbenzenes.

Stereochemical aspects of the. biological

hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to

methylphenyltarbinol" Blochemical ourna.

56: 320-,24(19541,

(142) Smyth, 1.; "'Acute and sub-acuate,

toxicity of acetophenane' Report -41

Mellon Instiute of Ind. Res. 11046.

(1431 Smyth; iLF., and Smyth, RF., ip.

"Inhalation experiments'with certain lacquer

solvents." Journal of IndustrialfHygiene and

Toxicology. 10" 261-271 (1928.

(144) Sontheimer, H., Bauch, H.f., and

Kuhn, W. "Impact of different types of

organic micropolutents present on sources of

drinking water on the quality of drinking

water." Science of the Total urrionmen.L 47:

27-44[1965).

(14S) SRI (SRI International}, Directory of

Chemical Producers. Menlo Park. CA. SRI

InternationaL pp. 844,-WS. 1063 (1989),

(1461 Staples, C, Werner, A., and'

Hoogheem, T "Assessment of priority

pollutant concentrations in the United States

using STORETdatabase." Enirenmental

Toxicology and Chemistry 4:131-142 (185).

(1471 Stoner GD. Shimkin.M.B. Kniazeff,

A.J., Weisburgjr; ].H..Weisburger, EK., and

Cori. G. "Test' for carcinogenicity of food

additives and chemotherapeutic agentsby

the pulmonary tumor response in strain A

mice"' Cancer Research. 33' 3069-385 (1973).

(148) STORET. STORET Data Base

retrieval 3/19/1'. Washfington, DC: U.S. EPA.

(1990).

(149) Suet I.H, Brenner. L.and Cairo. P..

"Gas chromatgraphy nmoas spectrometry

identificaton of trace. organics in

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA drinking

waters during a twa year period." Water

Research. 14: 853-867 1980).

(T50) Thmbo.S. "Toxicity hazards of paint

thinners with particular emphasis on the

metabolism and toxicity of'acetate esters."

Nichido ':zkvwZbsh 32f3). 340-360 (1973).

(151) Thierfaldet. K- and Deiler, IK "Zur

kenntala des verhaftens fettaromtischer

ketone im tferkorper." Hoppe Seyier's

ZeitscAift fuer Physialogische Chemie. 13e.

380-396 (1923.

(152) Thierfelderj K., and Klenk, E. "Zur

kenntnis, des verhaltens des acetophenons

und benzols im tierkorper." -ippe Seyler's

Zeltschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie. 141:

2932 (19241.

(153] TRI (Toxics Release Inventory.

Database retrieval 3/10/W. U.S. EPA. (19901.

(154] TSCAPP. Computer print-out of

nonconfidential production data from TSCA

inventory. Washington, DC: OTS, CID, U.S,

EPA. Online 3'/1/90 (1990),

(155] Uehieke, H.. Reiner, 0. and Hellmer,,

K.H. "Perinatal development of teriary amine

Noxidation and NADPH cytochrome c

reduction In rat liver microsomes." Research

Communications in Chemical Proitlogy and'

Pharmaclogy. 2J"M9880 (f971].

(156) U.S. EPA.."Rat orat subchronic study

with ethyt ac etate.' Washington, DC: Office

of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (1986].

(157) U.S. EPA. Health and Environmental

Effects Document for Acetophenone.

Prepared for the Environmental Criteria and

Assessment Office, US. EPA, Cincinnati, Off.

(1987).

(1W) U.S. rIC (U. ilaernational Trade

Commission. Synthetic Organi Chemicals.

U.S, Production and Sale. 1979. Washington.

DC: U.S. Goverment Printing OfficePublication No. 1099. p 43 (19801.

(159J US. r (U.S. International Trade

Commission. Synthetic Organic Chemicals.

U.S. Production and Sales 1988. Washington,

DC. U.S. Government Printing Office.

PublicationNo.21 pp. 3-12,15-4, and 15-6

(198).

(160) Veldr, LA., and lanes, H.]

"Toxicological studies of shale oils, some of

their components and commerciaL products."

Environmental Health Perspectives. 30: 141-

146 (1979].

(161] Walker; tD. "Relative sensitivity of

algae, bacteria, invertebrates, and fish to

phenol: Analysis of 234 tests conducted for

more than 149 Specie." Thidcity

Astiesrment:., An Loteratdoal JomrnaL 3.4T5- 457 (IC88).

(162] Wasik, S.PTewariY.., Miller,

M.M., and Matire, .E. "Octanol/water

partition coefficients and aqueous sorubities

of organic compounds." NBSIRSt-2406.

Washington, DO. U.S, Department Cbmm

Nati. Bur. Sid. (1.

(163) Weber, R.C., Parker, P.A., and

Bowser, Nl Vapor Pressure Distribution of

Selected Organic Chemicals. EPA,-600/2.1-

021. CincinnatiOH: U.S. EPA. (1981),

1164] Windholz, M. Budavarf, S:. Blumetf,

R.F., and Otterbein, E.S., The Merck Index.

l0th edition. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co.,

Inc.. pp, 19% 478-47 545, M (1983J.

(105) Wise E.E., and Fahrentlid P.IX

"Occurrence and predictility a peiority

pollutants in wastawaters of the orplnic

chemicals and plastica/synthetic fibers

industrial categories." American Chemical

Society. 181st National Meeting,, Division of

Industrial Chemical Symposima on Treatability of Industrial Aqueous Efflents.

(1981).

(166) Ziegler; D.M. and Gbld.M.&

"Oxidatlve metabolism of tertiary amine,

drugs by, human and liver tissue'

Zenobiotica. 1: 325326 (1971].

9561
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

(167) Zimmermann, F.K., Mayer, V.W.,

ScheeL I., and Resnik, M.A. "Acetone, methyl

ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and

other polar aprotic solvents are stgrong

inducers of aneuploidy in Saccharomyces

cerevisiae." Mutation Research. 149: 339-351

(1985).

2.3 Recommended with intent-todesignate chemicals-2.3.a Aldehydes.

The aldehyde group was nominated to

the Committee by EPA for aquatic

toxicity testing. The Committee's

computerized substructure-based

selection processes were used to

identify individual chemicals in the

aldehyde group. Two aldehydes,

crotonaldehyde (CAS # 4170-30-3) and

butyraldehyde (CAS # 123-72--8) were

previously recommended in the 22nd

and 23rd reports, respectively. Two

aldehydes, isobutyraldehyde (CAS #

78-84-2) and propanal (CAS # 123-38-6)

are among the 53 chemicals in the

Organization for Economic Cooperation

and Development's (OECD) Screening

Information Data Sets (SIDS) phase one

voluntary testing program. Submission

of reliable data or data development

through the voluntary OECD SIDS

program could change the Committee's

testing recommendations for these two

aldehydes. Two of the recommended

aldehydes, acetaldehyde (CAS 75-07-0)

and propanal were listed among the

chemicals in Title III of the 1990

amendments of the Clean Air Act that

the Committee is continuing to review.

The Committee's recommendation of

aldehydes is consistent with its

comprehensive approach to processing

Member Agency chemical groups and

identifying substructure-based chemical

groups In need of testing. Other

chemical-group based actions include

groups such as brominated flame

retardants recommended in the 25th

report and alkyl phosphates and

isocyanates recommended in the 26th

report.

The TSCA Inventory names are used

in the paragraph following Table 1.

These names are used to facilitate

comparison with the names in the TSCA

section 8(a) and 8(d) rules that EPA will

prepare for chemicals recommended in

this Report. Since common names of

aldehydes are used in this chapter, the

CAS number is listed in parentheses

following the first use of a common.

name to facilitate identification of

chemicals listed in the paragraph

following Table 1.

Summary of recommended studies.

Testing recommendations for the

aldehydes listed in the paragraph

following Table I are summarized in

Table 1.

Physical and Chemical Information

The physical and chemical properties

of the very large volume aldehydes

listed in the paragraph following Table 1

are well described in the literature. The

Committee, however, was unable to

identify the physical and chemicals

properties of environmental and health

significance for all members of this

group.

Rationale for Recommendation

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure!

release. The Committee believes that

the aldehydes listed in the paragraph

following Table 1 are commercially

available, and that many are produced

in substantial quantities. For example,

acetaldehyde, Isobutyraldehyde, and

propanal have current domestic

production capacities exceeding 300

million pounds (Ref. 22, SRI, 1990).

Actual production volumes of the other

aldehydes are CBI.

Aldehydes are used primarily as

synthetic intermediates, yet aldehydes

are also used in significant quantities in

applications that are expected to result

in both human and environmental

exposure. Aldehydes are used in the

production of alcohols, carboxylic acids,

agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals,

disinfectants, dyes, detergents, food

additives, catalysts for crosslinking

polymers, and fragrance chemicals (Ref.

5, Falbe et al., 1985; Ref. 21, Sherman,

1978). Acetaldehyde, propanal, and

acrolein (CAS 107-02-8) have particular

importance in commercial applications.

Many members of the aldehydes

listed in the paragraph following Table 1

are used in fragrances and flavors. For

example, a-pentylcinnamaldehyde (CAS

122-40-7) is a popular perfume in soaps,

the C-Cia saturated alkyl aldehydes are

used as fragrances and toning agents

(Ref. 5, Falbe et al., 1985), and 4-

methylphenylacetaldehyde (CAS 99-72-

9), vanillin (CAS 121-33-5), and

piperonal (CAS 120-57-0) are used in

flavors (Ref. 5, Falbe et al., 1985; Ref. 19,

Sax and Lewis, 1987). Piperonal is used

in suntan and mosquito repellents and

citronellal (CAS 106-23-0) is used in

insect repellents (Ref. 19, Sax and Lewis,

1987). The Committee, therefore, is

concerned with the potential for release

and exposure resulting from the high

production volumes and numerous uses

of the various members of this group.

B. Evidence for exposure--Human

exposure. There is an extensive data

base relating aldehydes to human

exposure. For example, acetaldehyde,

isobutyraldehyde, propanal, furfural

(CAS 98-01-1), and benzaldehyde have

been found in U.S. drinking water

supplies (Ref. 2, Coleman et al., 1976;

Ref. 9, Keith et al., 1976; Ref. 11, Krasner

et al. 1989; Ref. 10, Kool et al., 1982; Ref.

12, Lucas, 1984). Benzaldehyde, nonanal,

and dodecanal have been found in

breath, personal air, or tap water

samples (Ref. 26, Wallace et al., 1984).

Acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde,

butyraldehyde, methylbutyraldehyde

(CAS 590-86-3), valeraldehyde (CAS

110-62-3), furfural, heptanal,

benzaldehyde, octanal, decanal,

undecanal, and dodecanal have been

identified in samples of human mothers'

milk (Ref. 18, Pellizzari et al., 1982).

The NOES conducted during 1981-83

by NIOSH reported that 14,054 workers

were potentially exposed to

acetaldehyde; 28 to

trichloroacetaldehyde (CAS 75-87-6);

4113 to isobutyraldehyde; 22,173 to 4-

(1,1-dimethylethyl)-a-methylbenzenepropanal (CAS 80-54-6); 2,187

to 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-

(formylmethylene)indoline (CAS 84-83-

3); 4,598 to salicylaldehyde (CAS 90-02-

8); 34 to 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde

(CAS 93-02-7); 1,557 to amethylbenzeneacetaldehyde (93-53-8);

134,158 to furfural; 17,271 to 4-

(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (CAS

100-10-7); 30,517 to benzaldehyde;

23,972 to 2-(phenylmethylene)-octanal

(CAS 101-86-0); 44,721 to a-methyl-4-(1-

methylethyl)benzenepropanal (CAS 103-

95-7); 62,450 to 3-phenyl-2-propenal

(CAS 104-55-2); 12,494 to p-tolualdehyde

(CAS 104-87-0); 6,573 to pchlorobenzaldehyde (CAS 104-88-1);

2,162 to citronellal; 1,300 to acrolein;

42,978 to ethanedial; 10,938 to 7-

hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal (CAS 107-

75-5); 1,863 to 2-methylundecanal (CAS

110-41-8); 1,557 to pentanal; 350,626 to

pentanedial; 21,760 to heptanal; 20,732 to

decanal; 1,557 to undecanal; 1,650 to 10-

undecenal; 7,056 to dodecanal; 72 to

veratraldehyde (CAS 120-14-9); 1,450 to

4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde (CAS

120-21-8); 15,846 to piperonal; 18,034 to

3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (CAS

121-32-4); 65,750 to vanillin; 14,182 to 2-

(phenylmethylene)heptanal (CAS 122-

40-7); 868 to phenylacetaldehyde (CAS

122-78-1); 43,899 to p-anisaldehyde

(CAS 123-11-5); 2,087 to propanal; 12,959

to octanal; 7,149 to nonanal; 3,433 to

hexahydrodibenzofurancarboxaldehyde

(CAS 126-15-5); 5,331 to 2-

nitrobenzaldehyde (CAS 552-89-6);

1,557 to a-pentylcinnamaldehyde; and 28

to methylbenzaldehyde (CAS 1334-78-7)

(Ref. 17, NIOSH, 1989).

Environmental Exposure. According

to the TRI, 9,466,569 pounds of

acetaldehyde were released to the

environment In 1988 (Ref. 24, TRI, 1990).

Corresponding releases for other

9562
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

members of the aldehydes group listed

in TRI are as follows: propanal: 1,048,296

pounds: isobutyraldehyde: 791,996

pounds and acrolein: 103,068 pounds

(Ref. 24, TRI, 1990). A compilation of

published and unpublished data on the

atmospheric concentration of volatile

organic compounds determined between

1970 to 1987 found that acetaldehyde,

benzaldehyde, 2-propenal, propanal, and

methylbenzaldehyde have been

detected in remote, rural, suburban,

urban, source dominated, indoor, or

workplace air samples (Ref. 20, Shah

and Heyerdahl, 1988).

Members of the aldehyde group have

been detected in various environmental

samples. For example, acetaldehyde,

ethanedial, acrolein, propanal,

benzaldehyde, and valeraldehyde have

been detected in rain and/or fog

samples (Ref. 7, Grosjean and Wright, 1983; Ref. 13, Mazurek and Simoneit,

1986; Ref. 23, Steinberg and Kaplan,

1984). Isobutyraldehyde, furfural, and

benzaldehyde were detected in surface

water samples obtained from 204 sites

in the United States near heavily

industrialized areas (Ref. 4, Ewing et al.,

1977). Isobutyraldehyde and propanal

were listed as frequently detected

organics in the U.S. National Organics

Reconnaissance Survey of surface

waters (Ref. 6, Fielding and Packham,

1977). Acetaldehyde, propanal,

ethanedial, heptanal, octanal, nonanal,

decanal, undecanal, and dodecanal have

been detected in seawater samples (Ref.

8, Gschwend et al., 1982; Ref. 15, Mopper

and Stahovic, 1986]; although

acetaldehyde, propanal, and ethanedial

may arise from natural as well as

industrial sources (Ref. 15, Mopper and

Stahovic, 1986). Isobutyraldehyde has

been detected in the Delaware River

(Ref. 3, DeWalle and Chian, 1978), and

benzaldehyde has been detected in

samples from freshwater lakes (Ref. 14,

McFall et al., 1985). Benzaldehyde and 4-

(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde have

been detected in soil samples taken near

the Buffalo River (Ref. 16; Nelson and

Hites, 1980).

I. Chemical Fate Information

Chemical fate testing for the

aldehydes is not recommended at this

time.

II. Health Effects Information

Health effects testing for the

aldehydes is not recommended at this

time.

III. Ecological Effects Information

Structure-activity relationships (SAR)

are frequently used to predict the toxic

potential of untested chemicals when

assessing their potential for adverse

ecological effects (Ref. 1, Auer et al.

1990). The Committee previously used

SAR to identify the toxic potential of

2,6-di-tert-butylphenol in the 17th report.

SARs used as part of the Committee's

computerized, substructure-based

chemical selection processes suggested

that aldehydes could be toxic to birds,

fish and mammals (Ref. 25, Walker and

Brink, 1989). SARs have suggested that

aldehydes could have excess toxicity

(Ref. 1, Auer et al. 1990). Chemicals that

could have excess toxicity are those that

could be more toxic than would be

predicted for neutral organics based on

a narcotic mode of action. The

Committee is concerned that SARs for

aldehydes are only available to predict

acute toxicity to fish. The Committee

recommends ecological effects testing

because there are potentially substantial

environmental releases and because

there are insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the ecological

effects of aldehydes that are submitted

to the EPA as new chemicals.

References

(1) Auer, C.M., Nabholz, J.V., and Baetcke,

K.P. "Mode of action and the assessment of

chemical hazards in the presence of limited

data: Use of structure-activity relationships

(SAR) under TSCA, Section 5."

Environmental Health Perspectives 87:183-

197 (1990).

(2) Coleman, W.E., Lingg. R.D., Melton, R.G.

and Kopfler, F.C. "The occurrence of volatile

organics in five drinking water supplies using

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." In:

Analysis and Identification of Organic

Compounds in Water. L. Keith, Ed. Ann

Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. 305-327

(1976).

(3) DeWalle, F.B. and Chian, E.S.K.

"Presence of trace organics in the Delaware

River and their discharge by municipal and

industrial sources." Proceedings of the

Industrial Waste Conference. 32:908-919

(1978).

(4) Ewing, B.B., Chian, E.S.K., Cook, J.C.,

Evans, C.A., Hopke, P.K. and Perkins, E.G.

"Monitoring to detect previously

unrecognized pollutants in surface waters."

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA-560/677-015 (1977).

(5) Falbe, J., Henkel, K.G., Dusseldorf, P.L.

and Weber, Jurgen. "Aldehydes, aliphatic

and araliphatic." In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia

of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition. W.

Gerhartz, Y.S. Yamamoto, Eds. VCH

Publishers, Deerfield Beach, FL. A1:321-352

(1985).

(6) Fielding, M. and Packham, R.F. "Organic compounds in drinking water and public

health." Journal of Institutional Water and

Engineering Science. 31:353-375 (1977).

(7) Grosjean, D. and Wright, B. "Carbonyls

in urban fog, ice fog, cloudwater and

rainwater." Atmospheric Environment.

17:2093-2096 (1983).

(8) Gschwend, P.M., Zafiriou, O.C.,

Mantoura, R.F.C., Schwarzenbach, R.P. and

Cagosian, R.B. "Volatile organic compounds

at a coastal site. 1. Seasonal variations."

Environmental Science and Technology.

16:31-38 (1982).

(9] Keith, L.H., Garrison, A.W., Allen, F.R.,

Carter, M.H., Floyd, T. L., Pope, ).D. and

Thruston, A.D. "Identification of organic

compounds in drinking water from thirteen

U.S. cities." In: Identification and Analysis of

Organic Pollutants in Water. L.H. Keith, Ed.

Ann Arbor Press, Ann Arbor, MI. 329-373

(1976).

(10) Kool, H.J., Van Kreijl, C.F. and

Zoetman, B.C.J. "Toxicology assessment of

organic compounds in drinking water."

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control.

12:307-357 (1982).

(11) Krasner, S.W., McGuire, M.J.,

Jacangelo, J.G., Patania, N.L, Reagan, K.M.

and Aieta, E.M. "The occurrence of

disinfection byproducts in U.S. drinking

water." Journal of the American Water

Works Association. 81:41-53 (1989).

(12] Lucas, S.V. "GC/MS analysis of

organics in drinking water concentrates and

advanced waste treatment concentrates."

Health Effects Research Lab, Columbus, OH.

EPA-600/184-020A. 1:133-162 (1984).

(13) Mazurek, M.A. and Simoneit, B.R.T.

"Organic components in bulk and wet-only

precipitation." CRC Critical Reviews of

Environmental Control. CRC Press, Inc. Boca

Rotan, FL. (1986).

(14) McFall, J.A., Antoine, S.R. and Deleon,

I.R. "Organics in the water column of Lake

Pontchartrain." Chemosphere. 14:1253-1265

(1985].

(15] Mopper,K and Stahovic, W.L. "Sources

and sinks of low molecular weight organic

carbonyl compounds in seawater." Marine

Chemistry. 19:305-323 (1986).

(16) Nelson, C.R. and Hites, R.A. "Aromatic

amines in and near the Buffalo River."

Environmental Science and Technology.

14:11471149 (1980).

(17] NIOSH. Department of National

Industrial and Occupational Safety and

Health, National Occupational Exposure

Survey (NOES). (1989).

(18) Pellizzari, E.D., Hartwell, T.D., Harris,

B.S.H., Waddell, R.D., Whitaker, D.A. and

Erickson, M.D. "Purgeable organic

compounds in mother's milk." Bulletin of

Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology. 28:322-328 (1982).

(19) Sax N.I. and Lewis R.J.S.R. "Hawley's

Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed."

Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY.

pp. 922 and 1217 (1987).

(20) Shah, J.J. and Heyerdahl, E.K.

"National ambient volatile organic

compounds (VOCs) database update". U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency,

Washington, DC. EPA/600/388/010. pp. 44-73

(1988).

(21) Sherman, P.D. "Butyraldehyde." In:

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical

Technology, Third Edition. John Wiley and

Sons, New York, NY. 4:790-798 (1978).

(22) SRI International. "Directory of

Chemical Producers." SRI International,

Menlo Park, CA. (1990).

(23) Steinberg, S. and Kaplan, I.R. "The

determination of low molecular weight

aldehydes in rain, fog, and mist by reversed

phase liquid chromatography of the 2,4-

9563
Federal Register I Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

dinitrophenyihydrazone derivatives."

International Journal of Environmental

Analytical Chemistry. 18:723-726 (1984).

(24) TRI. Computer printout of the Toxics

Release Inventory. (1990).

(25) Walker. J.D., and Brink, R.H. "New

cost-effective, computerized approaches to

selecting chemicals for priority testing consideration." Aquatic Toxicology and

Environmental Fate. G.W. Suter II and M.A.

Lewis, eds. American Society for Testing and

Materials, Philadelphia, PA. ASTM STP 1007.

11:507-536 (1989).

(26) Wallace, L.A., Pellizzari, E., Hartwell,

T., Rosenzweig, M., Erickson, M., Sparacino, C. and Zelon, H. "Personal exposure to

volatile organic compounds. I. Direct

measurements in breathing-zone air, drinking

water, food, and exhaled breath."

Environmental Research. 35,293-319 (1984).

2.4 Recommended chemicals-2.4.a

IRIS Chemicals-Summary of

recommended studies. Recommended

studies are summarized in Table 1.

2,4-Dinitrophenol

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number. 51-28-5

Synonyms and Trade Names: 1-hydroxy- 2,4-dinitrobenzene (or 2,4-DNP)

Empirical Formula: CH4 N20

Molecular Weight: 184

Physical State at 25* C Solid

Description of Chemical: Light yellow crystals (Ref. 62, Windholz et al., 1983

Melting Point: 1130 C (Ref. 62, Windholz

et al., 1983)

Boiling Point Sublimes (Ref. 34, Lide,

1990)

Vapor Pressure: 5.1 X O mm Hg @20°

C (Ref. 47, Schwarzenbach et al., 1988)

Specific Gravity: 1.683 (Ref. 34. Lide, 1990)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

1.54 (Ref. 25, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 200 C: 2,787 mg/L (Ref.

47, Schwarzenbach et al 1988)

Log Koc. 1.75 (Ref. 36, Lyman at al., 1982)

Henry's Constant: 4.43 X 10'atm m'

mole " (Ref. 36, Lyman et al., 1982)

pK.: 4.09 (Ref. 23, Gordon and Ford, 1972)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure!

release. The production volume of 2,4-

dinitrophenol is CBI, but current

production is substantial. 2,4-

Dinitrophenol is used in the synthesis of

dyes, picric acid, picaramic acid, wood

preservatives, diaminophenol

dihydrochloride (a photographic

developer), explosives, insecticides, and

as a pH indicator (Ref. 46, Sax and

Lewis, 1987; Ref. 62, Windholz et al..

1983). Z,4-Diitrophenol may also be

formed in the atmosphere by the

reaction of nitrate radicals with phenol

or other aromatic compounds.

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. Few data were located.

ATSDR believes that 2,4-dinitrophenol

may have been present in eight

superfund sites. Eckel et al. (Ref. 16,

1986) reported an average concentration

of 1,312 + 2,519 ppm 2,4-dinitrophenol

for four hazardous waste dumpsite

samples. The substantial production

volume and uses in a variety of

applications suggest significant

occupational exposure potential.

Environmental exposure. 2,4-

Dinitrophenol was detected in 21

samples obtained from 8 industries and

POTWs at a maximum concentration of

10.2 ppm (Ref. 49, Shackelford et al.,

1983). The STORET database indicates

that 2,4-dinitrophenol was found in 2

percent of industrial effluent samples

monitored between 1980 and 1983, and

0.4 percent of the ambient water

samples (Ref. 52, Staples et al., 1985).

According to TRI, the total release of

2,4-dinitrophenol to the air in 1987 was

32,600 lbs, while 86,500 lbs and 750 lbs

were released to water and land,

respectively (Ref. 55, TRI, 1990). For

1988, TRI indicates that 20,085 lbs were

released to air, 98,692 lbs were released

to water, and 257 lbs were released to

land (Ref. 55, TRI, 1990).

I. Chemical Fate Information

2,4-Dinitrophenol is expected to

rapidly degrade in the atmosphere

through oxidative reactions with

photochemically produced hydroxyl

radicals and through the night-time

reaction with nitrate radicals (Ref. 3,

Atkinson 1987, Ref. 4, Atkinson et al.,

1984, Ref. 5, Atkinson et al., 1987).

Limited data are available on the fate of

2,4-dinitrophenol in water. Based on the

Henry's Law constant, volatilization is

not expected to be a significant process

(Ref. 36, Lyman et al., 1982). Screening

studies suggest that 2,4-dinitrophenol

degrades fast under aerobic conditions

after acclimation (Ref. 7, BIODEG 1990)

however, data are limited. Under

anaerobic conditions in flooded soils,

loss is rapid and appears to be via

reduction to the corresponding amine

(Ref. 7, BIODEG, 1990; Ref. 29, Khoping

and Wiegel, 1987). It is not clear,

however, whether biodegradation or

abiotic degradation is occurring or

whether degradation proceeds beyond

loss of the parent compound. The

Committee recommends chemical fate

testing because there are insufficient

data to reasonably determine or predict

the persistence of 2,4-dinitrophenol and

because there are potentially substantial

environmental releases.

II. Health Effects Information

Pharmacokinetic studies for 2,4-

dinitrophenol included an intraperitoneal study in rabbits and

ducklings that indicated that uptake

from the peritoneal cavity was very

rapid (peak serum levels were obtained

in rabbits within 5 minutes of treatment)

(Ref. 20, Gehring and Buerge, 1969).

Pharmacokinetic studies also included

in vitro (Ref. 42 Parker, 1952; Ref. 17,

Eiseman et al., 1974) and in viva {Ref. 43.

Perkins, 1919; Ref. 61, Williams, 1959;

Ref. 48, Senczuk et al., 1971) metabolism

studies that indicated that reduction and

conjugation are the major

biotransformation pathways.

A review of the therapeutic use of 2,4-

dinitrophenol to correct obesity in

humans reported over 100 cases of

cataract formation at the lower range of

the recommended therapeutic dose, 2 mg

per kg per day (Ref. 20, Homer, 1942).

The study did not identify a NOAEL for

this effect. A 6-month study in male rats

fed diets containing 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.2

percent 2,4-dinitrophenol identified a

threshold for weight loss in rats, but

cataracts were not reported even at

doses sufficient to cause severe

emaciation or death (Ref. 51, Spencer et

al., 1948).

Data regarding reproductive and

developmental effects were limited.

Female rats treated by gavage twice

daily with 20 mg/kg, from 8 days before

mating through lactation, delivered more

stillborn per litter and more litters with

higher neonatal mortality than controls

(Ref. 63, Wulff et al., 1935). Pregnant

mice treated by gavage (25.5 or 38.3 mg/

kg) or intraperitoneal injection (7.7 or

13.6 mg/kg) during a portion of gestation

were hyperexcitable and hyperthermic;

embryotoxicity [not specified) was also

observed (Ref. 21, Gibson, 1973).

2,4-Dinitrophenol induced mutations

in E. coli (Ref. 15, Demerec et al., 1951)

but not in Salmonella (Ref. 14, Deflora,

1981) and produced chromatid breaks in

bone marrow cells of mice treated by

intraperitoneal injection. Oncogenicity

data were limited to dermal studies in

which 2,4-dinitrophenol was not a

complete carcinogen (Ref. 51, Spencer et

al., 1948) or a tumor promoter (Ref. 8,

Boutwell and Bosch, 1959 Ref. 53,

Stenback and Garcia, 1975).

NIOSH supported the EPA nomination

and recommended dermal absorption

testing. The Committee recommends

health effects testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict health effects and

because these data are needed to reduce

the uncertainty associated with risk

assessments for 2,4-dinitrophenol.

III. Ecological Effects Information

The toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol has

been tested in five .species of algae (Ref.

27, Huang and Gloyna, 1967; Ref. 13.

Dedonder and Van Sumere, 1971; Ref.

57, U.S. EPA, 1978; Ref. 10, Bringmann

and Kuhn, 1978; Ref. 2, AQUIRE, 1990)

9564
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

and in duckweed (Ref. 50, Simon and

Blackman, 1953; Ref. 2, AQUIRE, 1990).

Acute toxicity has been tested in

invertebrates (Ref. 6, Bernstein, 1955;

Ref. 30, Kojima, 1960; Ref. 31,

Kopperman et al., 1974; Ref. 9,

Bringmann and Kuhn, 1977; Ref. 57, U.S.

EPA, 1978; Ref. 2, AQUIRE. 1990), fish

(Ref. 44, Phipps et al., n.d.; Ref. 64, Zitko

et al., 1976; Ref. 57, U.S. EPA, 1978; Ref.

2, AQUIRE, 1990) and bullfrogs (Ref. 33,

Lewis and Frieden, 1959). An acute oral

toxicity test in birds has been reported

(Ref. 45, RTECS, 1990). The Committee

recommends ecological effects testing

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict the

ecological effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol

and because there are potentially

substantial environmental releases.

3,4-Dimethylphenol

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 95-65-8

Synonyms and Trade Names: 3,4-Xylenol

Empirical Formula: CsHioO

Molecular Weight: 122.2

Physical State at 250 C: Solid

Description of Chemical: White

crystalline solid (Ref. 34, Lide, 1990)

Melting Point: 67* C (Ref. 34, Lide, 1990)

Boiling Point: 225 (Ref. 34, Lide. 1990)

Vapor Pressure: 0.075 mm Hg @ 20* C

(Ref. 60, Weber et al., 1981)

Specific Gravity: 0.9830 (Ref. 34, Lide,

1990)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

2.23 (Ref. 25, Hansch and Leo, 1981)

Water Solubility at 25o C: 50,000 mg/L

(Ref. 18, Fiege and Bayer, 1987)

Log K, 1.06 (Ref. 36, Lyman et al., 1982)

Henry's Constant: 7.56 X 107 atm m3

mole" (Ref. 36, Lyman et al., 1982)

pK,: 8.42 (Ref. 39, Miller and Faust, 1973)

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. In 1977, between .21 to 2.1

million pounds of 3,4-dimethylphenol

were produced in the United States (Ref.

56, TSCAPP, 1990). Information on

current production volumes is CBI, but

production is substantial. 3,4-

Dimethylphenol, as a mixture with other

xylenols, is used in disinfectants,

solvents, pharmaceuticals, insecticides

and fungicides, plasticizers, rubber

chemicals, additives to lubricants and

gasoline, and dyestuffs (Ref. 46, Sax and

Lewis, 1987).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The NOES survey estimated

that 93 workers (56 females) were

potentially exposed to trade name products containing 3,4-dimethylphenol

(Ref. 41, NIOSH, 1990). 3,4-

Dimethylphenol has been qualitatively

identified in the drinking water supplies

of Cincinnati, OH (Ref. 35, Lucas, 1984).

The mean concentration of 3,4-

dimethylphenol in the air of Portland,

OR during 7 rain events in 1984 was 2.2

ppt, while the concentration of 3,4-

dimethylphenol in the rain ranged from

54 to 190 ng/L (Ref. 32, Leuenberger et

al., 1985). It was detected in

groundwater samples from a wood

preserving facility in Florida at a

concentration of 2.4 mg/L, while the

concentration of 3,4-dimethylphenol 330

m from the site was 0.85 mg/L (Ref. 22,

Goerlitz et al., 1985). 3,4-Dimethylphenol

also was detected in underground wells

near a coal gasification site (Ref. 54,

Stuermer et al., 1982).

Environmental exposure. 3,4-

Dimethylphenol was detected in 10

samples obtained from 8 industries and

POTWs at a maximum concentration of

3 ppm (Ref. 49, Shackelford et al., 1983).

The concentration of 3,4-dimethylphenol

in the raw effluent from a paper mill was 0.0457 mg/L (Ref. 28, Keith, 1976). It

was detected in Los Angeles county

effluent during 1980-81 at a

concentration of 20 gig/L (Ref. 24,

Gossett et al., 1983). 3,4-Dimethylphenol

was also found in refinery effluent in

Australia at 0.02 mg/L (Ref. 11, Cardwell

et al., 1986). 3,4-Dimethylphenol was

qualitatively detected in samples taken

from the Saint Lawrence River (Ref. 59,

Visser et al., 1977). It was also identified

in the leachate of a sanitary landfill in

Barcelona, Spain (Ref. 1, Albaiges et al.,

1986).

I. Chemical Fate Information

Atmospheric degradation by

photochemically produced hydroxyl

radicals should be a rapid removal

process for 3,4-dimethylphenol in

sunlight (Ref. 3, Atkinson, 1987);

degradation at night should be more

rapid in urban areas through the

reaction with nitrate radicals (Ref. 12,

Carter, 1981). Also, rain washout is

expected to be an effective method of

atmospheric removal for 3,4-

dimethylphenol (Ref. 32, Leuenberger et

al., 1985). Limited data are available on

the fate of 3,4-dimethylphenol in water.

Volatilization from water is not

expected to be a significant removal

process based on the Henry's Law

constant (Ref. 36, Lyman et al, 1982). In

humic waters, reaction with alkyl

peroxy radicals should occur (Ref. 38,

Mill, 1982); however, no chemical

specific data are available. Screening

studies suggests that 3,4-dimethylphenol

biodegrades fast under aerobic

conditions without acclimation (Ref. 7,

BIODEG, 1990); however, data are

somewhat limited and no studies of the

degradation of 3,4-dimethylpheriol in

environmental water samples are

available. One grab sample study at

high concentration (500 ppm) in soil

suggests that 3,4-dimethylphenol

biodegrades in soil; however, the data

do not adequately predict the

biodegradation of 3,4-dimethylphenol at

low concentrations. Under anaerobic

conditions, one screening study

indicates that 3,4-dimethylphenol is not

expected to biodegrade (Ref. 7, BIODEG,

1990). The Committee recommends

chemical fate testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the persistence of

3,4-dimethylphenol and because there

are potentially substantial

environmental releases.

II. Health Effects Information

Data related to the pharmacokinetics

of 3,4-dimethylphenol were limited to a

single study in male Wistar rats that

reported recovery of 93.5 percent of the

radioactivity in the urine within 24 hours

of giving a single oral 35 mg/kg dose

(Ref. 40, Miyamoto et al., 1969).

In two reports of an 8-month rat

gavage study, histopathological changes

in the liver, spleen and kidneys and

changes in body weight and blood

pressure were observed in 53 male rats

treated with 1.4 or 14 mg per kg per day

(Ref. 58, Veldre and Janes, 1979 and Ref.

37, Maazik, 1968). Increased relative

liver and spleen weights, decreased

body weight gain and marked atrophy

and parenchymatous dystrophy of liver

cells were observed in 10 male albino

rats treated by gavage with 72.5 mg per

kg per day for 10 weeks (Ref. 37, Maazik,

1968).

Data on the developmental toxicity or

reproductive effects of 3,4-

dimethylphenol were not located.

Oncogenicity data were limited to a

dermal study that identified 3,4-

dimethylphenol as a complete

carcinogen and a tumor promoter in a

mouse skin assay (Ref. 8, Boutwell and

Bosch, 1959). In the promotion study

groups of 30 female Sutter mice were

treated with an initial application of 75

pg dimethylbenzanthracene followed by

25 .&L of 20 percent 3,4-dimethylphenol

in benzene twice weekly for 15 weeks.

The mice were sacrificed at 23 weeks. In

the complete carcinogen study 25 AL of

10 percent 3,4-dimethylphenol was

applied twice weekly for 20 weeks and

the mice were sacrificed at 28 weeks.

Mutagenicity testing of 34-

dimethylphenol was limited to a single

study in which the compound was

negative with and without metabolic

activation in the reverse mutation test in

4 strains of Salmonella (Ref. 19, Florin et

al., 1980).

The Committee recommends health

effects testing because there are

9565
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict health effects and

because these data are needed to reduce

the uncertainty associated with risk

assessments for 3.4-dimethylphenol.

III. Ecological Effects Information

Some acute aquatic toxicity data are

available for green algae, sea urchins,

sand shrimp and fathead minnows (Ref.

2, AQUIRE, 1990). No algal EC5o data

were available. The Committee

recommends ecological effects testing

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict the

ecological effects of 3,4-dimethylphenol.

References

(1) Albaiges, J., Casado, F., and Ventura, P.

"Organic indicators of groundwater pollution

by a sanitary landfill." Water Resources.

20(9): 1153-1159 (1986).

(2) AQUIRE. Aquatic Toxicity Information

Retrieval Data Base. Duluth, MN: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency,

Environmental Research Laboratory (1990).

(3) Atkinson, R. "A structure-activity

relationship for the estimation of rate

constants for gas-phase reactions of OH

radicals with organic compounds."

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.

19:799-828 (1987).

(4) Atkinson, R.A.. Carter, W.P.L., Plum,

C.N., Winer, A.M.. and Pitts, J.N., Jr. "Kinetics

of the gas-phase reactions of NO 3 radicals

with a series of aromatics at 296 * 2K:'

International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.

16: 887-898 (1984).

(5) Atkinson, R., Aschmann. S.M., and

Winer, A.M. "Kinetics of the reactions of

N03 radicals with a series of aromatic

compounds." Environmental Science and

Technology. 21:11231126 (1987).

(6) Bernstein, G.S. "Effect of

2,4dinitrophenol on sea urchin sperm."

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental

Biology and Medicine 09: 28 (1955).

(7) BIODEG. (Database). Syracuse, NY:

Syracuse Research Corporation [1990).

(8) Boutwell, R.K., and Bosch, D.K. "The

tumor-promoting action of phenol and related

compounds for mouse skin." Cancer

Research. 19: 413-474 (1959).

(9) Bringmann G. and Kuhn, R. "Limiting

values for the damaging action of water

pollutants or bacteria {Pseudomonas putida)

and green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda)

in the cell multiplication inhibition test."

Zeitschrift fuer Wasser und Abwasser

Forschung. 10 87-98 11977).

(10) Bringmann. G., and Kuhn, R. "Testing

of substances for their toxicicty threshold.

Model organisms Microcystis (Diplocytis)

and Scenedesmus quadricauda."

Mitteilungen - Internationale Vereiningung

fuer Theoretische and Angewandte

Limnologie. 21:275 (1978).

(11) Cardwell, T.J.. et al. "Determination of

alkyl phenols in refinery effluents by liquid

chromatography using electrochemical

detection." International Journal of

Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 24: 23-

36 (1986).

(12) Carter. W.P.L; Winer. A.M.: Pitts.

I.N.]r. Major Atmospheric Sink for Phenol

and the Cresols. Reaction with Nitrate

Radical. Environmental Science Technology

15: 829-31. (1981).

(13) Dedonder, A., and Van Sumere, C.F.

"The Effect of phenolics and related

compounds on the growth and the respiration

of Chlorella vulgaris Zeutschrift fuer

Pflanzenphysiologie. 65(1): 7080 (1971).

(14) DeFlora, S. "Study of 106 organic and

inorganic compounds in the Salmonella!

microsome test." Carcinogenesis (London).

2(4): 283-298 (1981).

(15) Demerec, M., Bertani, G., and Flint, J.

"A survey of chemicals for mutagenic action

on E. coli. "American Naturalist. 85: 119

(1951).

(16) Eckel, W.P., Trees, D.P., and Kovell,

S.P. "Distribution and concentration of

Proceedings, National Conference on

Hazardous Wastes and Environmental

Emergencies, Superfund, Hazardous

Materials Control Research Institute, Silver

Spring, MD. pp. 250-257 (1986).

(17) Eiseman J.L., et al "Kinetics of in vitro

nitro reduction of 2.4-dinitrophenol by rat

liver homogenates." Toxicology and Applied

Pharmacology. 27: 140 (1974).

(18) Fiege, H. "Cresols and xylenols." In:

Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. 5th edition. A& 25-59 (1987).

(19) Florin, I., Rutberg, L., Curvall, M., and

Enzell. C.R. "Screening of tobacco smoke

constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames

test." Toxicology. 18:219-232 (1980).

(20) Gehring, P.J., and Buerge, J.F. "The

distribution of 24-dinitrophenol relative to

its cataractogenic activity in ducklings and

rabbits." Toxicology and Applied

Pharmacology. 15: 574-592 (1969).

(21) Gibson, J.E. "Teratology studies in

mice with 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol

(dinoseb)." Food and Cosmetics Toxicology.

11: 31 (1973).

(22) Goerlitz, D.F., Troutman. D.E., Godsy,

EM., and Franks, B.. "Migration of woodpreserving chemicals in contaminated

groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola,

Florida." Environmental Science and

Technology. 19(10): 955-961 (1985).

(23) Gordon, A.J., and Ford. RA. The

Chemists Companion. New York, NY: John

Wiley and Sons. p. 61 (1972).

(24) Gossett. R.W., Brown, D.A., and Young,

D.R. "Predicting the bioaccumulation of

organic compounds in marine organisms

using octanol/water partition coefficients."

Marine Pollution Bulletin. 14(10): 387-392

(1983).

(25) Hansch, C., and Leo, A.J. Medchem

Project. Issue Nos. 19. 26. Claremont, CA.

Pomona College (1981).

(26) Homer. W.D. "Dinitrophenol and its

relation to formation of cataract." Archives of

Ophthalmology. 27:1097 (1942).

(27) Huang. J., and Gloyna. E. "Effects of

toxic organics on photosynthetic

reoxygenation." Environmental Health

Engineering Research Lab. PB 216-749. (1967).

(28) Keith, L.H. "Identification of organic

compounds in unbleached treated kraft paper

mill wastewaters." Environmental Science

and Technology. 10:555-564 (1976).

(29) Khoping, G.W. and Wigel, J.

"Influence of temperature on the anaerobic

degradation of substituted phenols in

freshwater lake sediments." American

Society for Microbiology, Abstracts of 87th

Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA. (1987).

(30) Kojima, H.K. "The effect of DNP and

NaN 3 on fertilized eggs of the sea urchin with

special reference to the induction of the

abnormal cleavage." Embryologia. 5: 71

(1960).

(31) Kopperman, H.L, et al. "Aqueous

chlorination and ozonation studies. L

Structuretoxiclcty correlations of phenolic

compounds to Daphnia magna." ChemicoBiological Interactions. 9: 245 (1974).

(32) Leuenberger, C., Ligocki, M.P., and

Pankow, J.F. "Trace organic compounds in

rain. 4. Identities, concentraions, and

scavenging mechanisms for phenols in urban

air and rain." Environmental Science and

Technology. 19: 10531058 (185).

(33) Lewis, E.J.C., and Frieden. E.

"Biochemistry of amphibian metamorphosis:

Effect of triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and

dinitrophenol on the respiration of the

tadpole." Endocrinology. 85: 273 (1959).

(34) Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry

and Physics. 71st edition. Boca Raton, FL:

CRC Press. pp. 3-18, 3-27, 3-381, 3-382 (1990).

(35) Lucas; SV. "GC/MS analysis of

organics in drinking water concentrates and

advanced waste treatment concentrates."

EPA600/1-84-020C. Columbus, OH:

Columbus Health Effects Research Labs.

3:50-54 (1984).

(36) Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., and

Rosenblatt, D.H. Handbook of Chemical

Property Estimation Methods. New York. NY:

McGraw-Hill. Chapters 4,7,15 11982).

(37) Maazik, LK. "Standards for

dimethylphenol isomers in water bodies."

Gigiena I Sanitaria. (Hygiene and Sanitation).

11: 2835 (1968).

(38) Mill, T. Hydrolysis and oxidation

processes in the environment Environmental

and Toxicological Chemistry 1: 135-41. (1982).

(39) Miller. R.W., and Faust, S.D. -'Sorption

from aqueous solution by Organo-Clay. IIl.

The effect of pH on sorption of various

phenols." Environmental Letters. 4:" 211-223

(1973).

(40) Miyamoto, J, Yamamoto, K., and

Matsumoto, T. "Metabolism of 3,4-

dimethylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate in white

rats." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry.

33(7): 1060-1073 11969).

(41) NIOSH (National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health). National

Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES)

(1990).

(42) Parker. V.H. "Enzymic reduction of

2,4-dinitrophenol by rat-tissue

homogenates." Biochemical Journal. 51: 363

(1952).

(43) Perkins, R.G. "A study of the munitions

intoxications in France." Pubic Health

Reports. 34: 2335 (1919).

(44) Phipps, G.L., et al. "The acute toxicity

of phenol and substituted phenols to the

fathead minnow." fmanuscript) (n.d.],

(45) RTECS. Online database. (1990).

(46) Sax, N., and Lewis, R.J. Haweleyls

Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th edition.

New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company. pp. 910, 411, 421896-897, 1244

(1987).

(47) Schwarzenbach. R.P., et al.

"Compound properties relevant for assessing

-3566
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

the environmental partitioning of

nitrophenols." Environmental Science and

Technology. 22: 83-92 (1988).

(48) Senczuk, W., et al. "Excretion of

2,4dinitrophenol and 2--amino-4--

nitropheno!." Bromatologia i Chemia

Toksykologiczna. 4:453460 (1971).

(49) Shackelford, W.M., Cline, D.M., Fass,

L, and Kurth, G. "An evaluation of

automated spectrum matching for survey

identification of wastewater components by

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry."

Analytica Chemica Acta. 146:1527

[supplemental data] (1983).

(50) Simon. E.W.. and Blackman, G.E.

"Studies in the principles of phytotoxicity. IV.

The efffects of the degree of nitration on the

toxicicty of phenol and other substituted

benzenes." Journal of Experimental Botany.

4: 235 (1953).

(51) Spencer, H.C., Rowe, V.K, Adams,

E.M., and Irish, D.D. "Toxicological studies on laboratory animals of certain alkyl

dinitrophenols used in agriculture." Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 30:10-25

(1948).

(52) Staples, C., Wener, A.. and Hoogheem,

T. "Assessment of priority pollutant

concentrations in the United States using STORET database." Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry. 4:131-142 (1985).

(53) Stenback, F., and Garcia. H. "Studies on the modifying effect of dimethyl sulfoxide

and other chemicals on experimental skin

tumor induction." Annals of the New York

Academy of Sciences. 243: 209 (1975).

(54) Stuermer, D.FL, Ng. D.J., and Morris,

C.J. "Organic contaminants in groundwater near an underground coal gassification site in

northeastern Wyoming." Environmental

Science and Technology. 16(9): 582-587

(1982).

(55) TRI (Toxics Release Inventory).

Database retrieval 3/16/90. U.S. EPA. (1990).

(56) TSCAPP. Computer print-out of

nonconfidential production data from TSCA

inventory. Washington, DC: OTS, CID, U.S.

EPA. Online 3/15/90 (1990).

(57) U.S. EPA. "In-depth studies on health

and environmental impacts of selected water

pollutants." U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. Contract No. 68-01-4646. (1978).

(58) Veldre, I.A., and Janes. H.J.

"Toxicological studies of shale oils, some of

their components and commercial products." Environmental Health Perspectives. 30. 141-

146 (1979).

(59) Visser, S.A., Lamontagne, G.,

Zoulalian, V., and Tessier, A. "Bacteria active

in the degradation of phenols in polluted

waters of the St. Lawrence River." Archives

of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology. 6(4): 455-469 (1977).

(60] Weber, R.C., Parker, P.A., and Bowser,

M. Vapor Pressure Distribution of Selected

Organic Chemicals. EPA-600/2--81-021.

Cincinnati, OH: U.S. EPA. (1981).

(61) Williams, R.T. The metabolism and

detoxication of drugs, toxic substances and

other organic compounds. 2nd edition. New

York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. (1959).

(62) Windholz, M. Budavari. S., Blumetti,

R.F., and Otterbein, E.S., The Merck Index.

10th edition. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co.,

Inc.. pp. 19, 478-479, 545. 1043 (1983).

(63) Wulff, LM.R., Emge, LA., and Bravo,

F. "Some effects of alpha-dinitrophenol on

pregnancy in the white rat." Proceedings of

the Society for Experimental Biology and

Medicine. 32: 678 (1935).

(64) Zitko, V., et aL "Toxicity of

alkyldinitrophenols to some aquatic

organisms." Bulletin of Environmental

Contamination and Toxicology. 16:508-515

(1976).

2.4.b N-Phenyl-1-napthylamine. Nphenyl-1-naphthylamine was nominated

to the Committee by OSHA as an

ongoing effort to identify chemicals for

which Permissable Exposure Limits may

be proposed.

Summary of recommended studies.

Recommended studies are summarized

in Table 1.

N-Phenyl--napthylamine

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 90-30-2

Synonyms and Trade Names: Vulkanox

PAN

Empirical Formula: C16H13N

Molecular Weight- 219.29

Physical State at 25' C: Solid

Melting Point: 60-62' C (Ref. 1, Aldrich,

1988)

Boiling Point: 335' C (Ref. 16, Sax and

Lewis, 1987)

Water Solubility @ 25' C: .10 mgfL (Ref.

4, Greenhouse, 1976)

Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

4.8 (Estimated, Ref. 11, Lyman et al., 1982)

Log Koc: 3.7 (Estimated, Ref. 11, Lyman et

al., 1982)

Rationale for Recommendation

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine is

used as an antioxidant in rubber,

silicone oils, paraffinic oils for

lubrication, anti-rust oils, paint, and

plastics, and in the manufacture of dyes

and other organic chemicals (Ref. 9,

Kirk-Othmer, 1981, Ref. 12, Meylan et al.,

1976, Ref. 10, Kirk-Othmer, 1981, Ref. 8.

Kirk-Othmer, 1967, Ref. 16, Sax and

Lewis, 1987, Ref. 6, Jarvholm and

Lavenius, 1981, Ref. 18, Sikka et al.,

1981). While actual production volumes

are CBI, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine is

produced in substantial quantities.

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The NOES conducted during

1981-83 by NIOSH estimated that 96,478

workers (8,274 females) were potentially

exposed to N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine,

almost exclusively through trade name

products (Ref. 13, NIOSH, 1990).

Environmental exposure. N-Phenyl-1-

naphthylamine has been detected (but

not quantified) in the wastewater of a

chemical specialty plant as well as in

the river water and sediment receiving

the wastewater (Ref. 7, Jungclaus et al.,

1978]. In a wastewater survey conducted

by the Effluent Guidelines Division of

EPA, over 4,000 wastewater samples

from industrial facilities and publicly

owned treatment works were surveyed

(Ref. 17, Shackelford et al., 1983). This

survey found N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine

in one sample from the non-ferrous

metals industry at a concentration of

8.46 ppb.

I. Chemical Fate Information

N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine has been

tested for biodegradation in a number of

screening studies as well as in soil and

freshwater grab samples (Ref. 15,

Rosenberg, 1983, Ref. 18, Sikka et al.,

1981). In screening studies using sewage

sludge as the inoculum and N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine at 2 mg/L, the time to 50

percent disappearance was

approximately 4.2 days. Autoclaved

sewage showed less than 20 percent

removal after 18 days. In lake water

dosed with 2 mg/L N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine, no degradation was

observed in the first 5 days, but

approximately 50 percent disappearance

was observed after 10 days. No further

degradation was seen at day 18. In soil

exposed to N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine at

1.54 mg/kg, 17 percent of N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine was mineralized to CO2

after 11 days. Sterile samples of water

and soil showed almost no degradation.

When exposed to sunlight, distilled

water solutions of N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine had a half-life of 5.7

days. The Committee recommends

chemical fate testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the persistence of

N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine.

II. Health Effects Information

Pharmacokinetics studies in rats

indicate that N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine

is rapidly absorbed and distributed

widely following gavage administration

(Ref. 18, Sikka et al., 1981). The urine

and the feces are the primary routes of

excretion with 35 and 60 percent,

respectively, of the dose eliminated by

each route after 72 hours. In vitro

metabolism with rat liver microsomes

produced the mono- and dihydroxy

derivatives as well as other metabolites

(Ref. 18, Sikka et al., 1981).

Negative results have been reported in

a reverse mutation assay in bacteria, a

forward mutation assay in cultured

mammalian cells, a dominant lethal

assay in rodents, and unscheduled DNA

synthesis in cultured cells (Ref. 2,

Brusick and Matheson, 1977). NTP also

reported negative results in bacterial

reverse mutation assays and in a

chromosomal aberration assay in

cultured mammalian cells, but reported

positive results in a sister chromatid

9567
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

exchange assay in cultured cells (Ref.

14, NTP, 1990).

In an oncogenicity study, groups of 23

to 25 male mice were administered

purified N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine by

subcutaneous injection 3 times per week

for 9 weeks (Ref. 19, Wang et al., 1984).

The mice were observed after the

administration of N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine; after the lath month of

observation a statistically significant

higher incidence of total malignant

tumors, lung carcinomas, and

hemangiosarcomas was recorded.

Technical grade N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine produced similar effects.

Although the tumor incidence was

increased, the response was not clearly

dose related. In a second experiment,

using a different strain of mice,

unilateral nephrectomy appeared to

enhance the development of renal

hemangiosarcomas. In a study with

insufficient detail to allow for the

evaluation of the data, dogs that were

orally administered N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine for 3.5 years had no

observed increase in the incidence of

bladder tumors (Ref. 3, Du Pont, 1945].

In Sweden, a cohort of 20 men and 78

women who were exposed to N-phenyl1-naphthylamine in an anti-rust oil used

for packing bearings were studied (Ref.

6, Jarvholm and Lavenius, 1981). The oil

contained 50 percent white spirits, 16.5

percent each of mineral oil, lanolin, and

zinc naphthenate, and 0.5 percent Nphenyl-l-naphthylamine, while the

paper used as packing material for the

bearings contained sodium nitrite. The

authors note the potential for forming

the nitrosamine of N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine. The workers were

exposed any time between 1954 to 1957

and followed until 1976. When

compared to national gender- and agespecific cancer rates, there was an

increased rate of morbidity and

mortality from cancer in women. There

was no site specific increase in

incidence of cancer, with tumors of the

colon, breast, uterus, ovary, bladder,

brain, and thyroid reported, along with a reticulosarcoma. This study provides

inconclusive evidence that N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine is carcinogenic in

humans, because of the small group size,

the lack of increase in site-specific

cancers, and confounders from exposure

to multiple chemicals.

The Committee recommends health

effects testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the health effects of

N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine and because

there are potentially substantial human

exposures.

III. Ecological Effects Information

A 48-hour ECso of 2.1 mg/L was

reported for larval Xenopus laevis

(South African clawed toad) (Ref. 5,

Greenhouse, 1977). Concentrations of -

5 mg/L caused 100 percent mortality in

larval Rana pipiens (Leopard frog) after

48-hour's exposure (Ref. 4, Greenhouse,

1976). N-Phenyl-l-naphthylamine caused

teratogenic effects in both Xenopus

Joevis and Rana pipiens (Ref. 5,

Greenhouse, 1977, Ref. 4, Greenhouse,

1976). A 48-hour and 21-day staticrenewal test in Daphnia yielded LCeo

values of 0.68 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L,

respectively (Ref. 18, Sikka et al., 1981).

The no observed effect concentration was 0.13-0.36 and 0.02 mg/L for 48-hour

and 21-day exposure, respectively, but

reproductive effects were not examined.

The 8-day LCo values for bluegill and

rainbow trout exposed to N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine under flow-through

conditions were 0.48 and 0.30 mg/,

respectively. No observable effect

concentrations under the same

conditions were 0.24 and 0.11 mg/L for

bluegill and rainbow trout, respectively.

The Committee recommends ecological

effects testing because there are

insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict the ecological

effects of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine.

References

(1) Aldrich. Catalog Handbook of Fine

Chemicals. p. 1206 (1988).

(2) Brusik, D., and Matheson, D.

"Mutagenic evaluation of 1,1-

dimethylhydrazine, methylhydrazine and Nphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine." In:

Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference on Environmental Toxicology. 13, 14 and 15

October 1976. Aerospace Medical Research

Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,

OH. NTIS No. AD/A--041 973. pp. 108-129

(1977).

(3) Du Pont. "Aniline tumors of the bladder.

Studies of urinary bladder tumors. Progress

Report -February, 1945." TSCA Submission

Section 8(d) by E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and

Co. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Fiche No.

OTS0215025.

(4) Greenhouse, G. "The evaluation of toxic

effects of chemicals in fresh water by using frog embryos and larvae." Environmental

Pollution 11:303-315 (1976).

(5) Greenhouse, G.A. "Toxicity of Nphenyl-a-naphthylamine and hydrazine to

Xenopus loevis embryos and larvae."

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology 18:503-511 (1977).

(6) Jarvholm, B., and Lavenius, B. "A cohort

study on cancer among workers exposed to an antirust oil." Scand j. Work Environ.

Health. 7:179-184 (1981).

(7) Jungclaus, G.A., Lopez-Avila, V., and

Hites, R.A. "Organic compounds in an industrial wastewater A case study of their

environmental impact." Environmental

Science and Technology. 12: 88-98 (1978).

(8) Kirk-Othmer. Encyclopedia of Chemical

Technology. Volume 12. New York, NY: John

Wiley & Sons. pp. 574-575 (1967).

(9) Kirk-Othmer. Encyclopedia of Chemical

Technology. Volume 15. New York, NY: John

Wiley & Sons. pp. 726-727 (1981).

(10) Kirk-Othmer. Encyclopedia of

Chemical Technology. Volume 20. New York,

NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 938-939 (1981).

(11) Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., and

Rosenblatt, D.H. Handbook of Chemical

Property Estimation Methods. New York, NY:

McGraw-Hill. Chapters 1 and 4 (1982).

(12) Meylan, W.M., Howard, P.H., and

Sack, M. "Chemical market input/output

analysis of selected chemical substances to

assess sources of environmental

contamination: Task I. Naphthylamines."

Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances,

U.S. EPA. (1976).

(13) NIOSH. National Occupational

Exposure Survey (NOES). National Institute

for Occupational Safety and Health. p. 302

(1990).

(14) NTP (National Toxicology Program).

Results report 1-3-90. p. 108 (1990).

(15) Rosenberg, A. "Microbial metabolism

of N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine in soil, soil

suspensions, and aquatic ecosystems."

Chemosphere. 12:1517-1523 (1983).

(16) Sax, N.I., and Lewis, R.J. Hawley's

Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th edition.

New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company. p. 905 (1987).

(17) Shackelford, W.M., Cline, D.M., Faas,

L., and Kurth, G. "An evaluation of

automated spectrum matching for survey

identification of wastewater components by

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry".

Analytica Chimica Acta .146:15-27 (1983).

(18) Sikka, H.C., Pack, E.J., Sugatt, R.H.,

Banerjee, S., Rosenberg, A., and Simson, B.W.

"Environmental fate and effects of N-phenyl1-naphthylamine and its disposition and

metabolism in the rat." Springfield, VA:

National Technical Information Service AD

Al 06780 (1981).

(19) Wang, H.. Wang, D., and Dzeng, R.

"Carcinogenicity of N-phenyl-1-

naphthylamine and N-phenyl-2-

naphthylamine in mice." Cancer Research.

44:3098-3100 (1984).

2.4.c. Sulfones-summary of

recommended Studies. Testing

recommendations for the sulfones listed

in the paragraph following Table 1 are

summarized in Table 1.

Sulfones

Physical and Chemical Information

Except for the melting point of bis(4-

chlorophenyl)sulfone (146 C; Ref. 1,

Aldrich, 1988), the log octanol/water

partition coefficient (0.97; Ref. 5, Hansch

and Leo, 1981) and pKa (2.41; Ref. 10,

Perrin, 1965) of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl

sulfone, the log octanol/water partition

coefficient (-0.77; Ref. 5, Hansch and

Leo, 1981), melting point (27 C; Ref. 1,

Aldrich, 1988), boiling point (2850 C; Ref.

1, Aldrich, 1988), vapor pressure (7.70 X

10" mm Hg; Ref. 3, Daubert and Danner,

9568
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

1989) and water solubility (3.79 X 105

mg/L; Ref. 2, Brown et al., 1975) of

sulfolane, melting point (65-66 C; Ref. 1,

Aldrich, 1988) of sulfolene, and melting

point of bisphenol S (246" C; Ref. 1,

Aldrich, 1988), the Committee has no

information on measured physical/

chemical properties of the sulfones

listed in the paragraph following Table

1.

Rationale for Recommendation

A. Exposure InformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure/

release. The Committee believes that

the sulfones listed in the paragraph

following Table 1 are commercially

available, and that many are produced

in substantial quantities; actual volumes

are CBI. In 1977, many of the chemicals

were produced in quantities of 0.1 to 20

million lbs per year (Ref. 11, TSCAPP,

1990).

Sulfolane is used primarily as a

solvent for the extraction of benzene,

toluene, and xylene from aliphatic

hydrocarbon mixtures. It is also used for

the removal of acidic gases from natural

gas and other gas streams, and it has

extensive application as a specialty

solvent (Ref. 8, MacGregor and Orle,

1983). Sulfolene is used as a specialty

solvent in petroleum refining and in the

manufacture of sulfolane (Ref. 8,

MacGregor and Orle, 1983). The unique

thermal stability and properties of the

sulfones are utilized in the manufacture

of specialty products. For example,

bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone is used in the

manufacture of engineering

thermoplastics (Ref. 8, MacGregor and

Orle, 1983).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. Sulfolane, diphenylsulfone,

dimethylsulfone, and bis(4-

chlorophenyl)sulfone have been

detected (no quantitative data available)

in U.S. drinking water supplies (Ref. 7,

Lucas, 1984; Ref. 6, Kool et al., 1982). The

NOES conducted during 1981-83 by

NIOSH estimates that 6,461 workers

were potentially exposed to sulfolane

and 1,510 were potentially exposed to

sulfolene (Ref. 9, NIOSH, 1989).

I. Chemical Fate Information

Except for data on the slow

biodegradation of bis(4-

chlorophenyl)sulfone in soil (Ref. 4,

Guenzi and Beard, 1981), the Committee

has no experimental chemical fate

information on the sulfones listed in the

paragraph following Table 1. Chemical

fate testing is recommended because

data are insufficient to reasonably

determine or predict the physical/

chemical properties of sulfones.

II. Health Effects Information

No health effects testing is

recommended at this time. NTP's Board

of Scientific Counselor's decision to

defer a testing recommendation for

bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone (referred to

as pp'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone by NTP)

is consistent with the Committee's

efforts to facilitate coordination of

testing required or sponsored by U.S.

Government organizations. The decision

is also consistent with the Committee's

procedures of reviewing production and

exposure data (submitted under TSCA

section 8(a)) as well as unpublished

health and safety studies (submitted

under TSCA section 8(d)) that are

recommended for testing before

designating subsequent health effects,

chemical fate or ecological effects

testing. These TSCA section 8 data and

studies are automatically required for

any ITC recommendation.

Il. Ecological Effects Information

No ecological effects testing is

recommended at this time.

References

(1) Aldrich. Catalog handbook of fine

chemicals. Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical

Company. pp. 96, 368, 1214 and 1410 (1988).

(2) Brown, S.L., Chan, F.Y., Jones, J.L, Liu,

D.H., McCaleb, K.E., Mill, T., Sapios, K.N. and

Schendel, D.E. "Research program on hazard

priority ranking of manufactured chemicals."

Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA.

NTIS PB-263-163 1975).

(3) Daubert, T.E. and Danner, R.P.

"Physical and thermodynamic properties of

pure chemicals: data compilation." Design

Institute for Physical Property Data,

American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

New York, NY. Hemisphere Publishing Corp.

Vol 4 (1989).

(4) Guenzi, W.D. and Beard, W.F.

"Degradation of p-chlorophenyl methyl

sulfide, -sulfoxide, and -sulfone in soil." Soil

Science. 131(3):135-139 (1981).

(5) Hansch, C. and Leo, A.J. "Medchem

project.: Issue No. 19. Pomona College,

Claremont, CA. (1981).

(6) Kool, H.J., Van Kreijl, C.F. and Zoetman,

B.C.J. "Toxicology assessment of organic

compounds in drinking water." Critical

Reviews in Environmental Control. 12:307-

353 (1982).

(7) Lucas, S.V. "GC/MS analysis of

organics in drinking water concentrates and

advanced waste treatment concentrates."

Health Effects Research Lab, Columbus. OH.

EPA-600/1-84-020A&C. 1:133-162, 3:50-54

(1984).

(8) MacGregor, W.S. and Orle, J.V.

"Sulfoxides." In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia

of Chemical Technology, 3rd. ed. A Stannden,

Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.

22:73-74 (1983).

(9) NIOSH. Department of National

Industrial and Occupational Safety and

Health, National Occupational Exposure

Survey (NOES). p. 302 (1989).

(10) Pernin, D.D. "Dissociation constants of

organic bases in aqueous solution." IUPAC

Chemical Data Series, Buttersworth, London.

England. (1965).

(11) TSCAPP. Computer Print-out of nonconfidential production data from the TSCA

Inventory, OTS, CID, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, Washington, DC. (1990).

2.4.d. Substantially produced

chemicals in need of subchronic testsIntroduction. On May 17, 1989, a list of

166 substantially produced, commercial

chemicals were discussed by the

Committee because they were coded for

exposure and adverse effects potentials

in the ITC's computerized, substructurebased chemical selection system. This

computerized system allows the

Committee to cost-effectively screen

chemicals by identifying chemical

groups with exposure potentials or with

adverse effects potentials and chemicals

that have common testing information

deficiencies, e.g. subchronic toxicity,

fish chronic toxicity, biodegradation,

physical/chemical properties, etc. For

chemicals produced in substantial

quantities and for which there may be

potential occupational exposure or

environmental release or for which there

may be potential adverse effects

concerns and for which there appear to

be. basic testing information

deficiencies, there should be a minimum

amount of data to identify potentially

problematic chemicals, e.g., a minimum

amount of chemical fate,

bioconcentration, bioaccumulation or

ecological effects data should be

available for potentially problematic

chemicals (Ref. 4, Walker, 1990). The

concept of obtaining minimum data to

identify potentially problematic

chemicals is consistent with the OECD's

approach to voluntarily obtaining SIDS

for high production volume chemicals.

In addition to using their system to

identify chemical groups of concern, the

Committee uses their computerized

system and associated processes to

implement Member Agency testing

nominations. EPA and other Member

Agencies have taken advantage of the

system and associated processes to

facilitate nominations, e.g., EPA

nominated isocyanates that were

recommended for testing in the

Committee's 26th Report and aldehydes

that were recommended for testing in

this Report. Using the computerized

system and associated processes to

facilitate nominations and transform

them into subsequent Committee

recommendations allows the nominatui

to easily access Member Agency

information through Committeeactivated interagency networking and

provides the nominator with very rapid

v - II

9569
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

access to TSCA section 8 information

without notice and comment

rulemaking. Member Agency

information networking is used to

promote cost-effective use of U.S.

Government chemical testing resources.

The information submitted under TSCA

8(a) may provide access to production,

exposure and environmental release

confidential business information.

Chemical fate, health effects,

monitoring, epidemiology and ecological

effects studies that could be submitted

under TSCA 8(d) are tabulated for the

nominator to facilitate identification and

review of submissions that appear to be

identical to testing recommendations or

that appear to indicate a potential

concern related to toxicity, exposure or

persistence.

The May 17, 1989 ITC meeting during

which the Committee discussed the 166

substantially produced chemicals was a

planning meeting that was attended by

industry and the Chemical Manufactures

Association (CMA). After the meeting,

CMA requested and received permission

to make their members aware of the list

of 166 substantially produced chemicals.

CMA published the list of 166

substantially produced chemicals in

their first issue of CHEMSTAR news

with a suggestion that their members

submit any unpublished data to the

Committee (Ref. 1, CMA, 1989). In

response to this suggestion, the

Committee received a CBI submission

for one chemical. The chemical for

which the submission was received was

one for which CMA had established a

panel of representatives from member

companies.

Analysis of the 166 substantially

produced chemicals identified by the

Committee's computerized system

revealed that many chemicals did not

have minimum health effects data; 51

chemicals had no subchronic toxicity

data. A few of these 51 chemicals had

no acute toxicity data; less than onethird of these 51 chemicals had

mutagenicity data; most of these 51

chemicals had no reproductive effects,

developmental toxicity, chronic toxicity,

oncogenicity or neurotoxicity data. At

least 22 of these 51 chemicals had NOES

information indicating potential

exposure to L_ 1,000 workers; 21 of these

51 chemicals had vapor pressures - 0.1

mmHg at ambient temperature

indicating potential for accidental

release and 9 of these 51 chemicals had

octanol-water partition coefficients -

1.000 indicating bioconcentration/

bioaccumulation potential. At the

Committee's request, the EPA's

Exposure Assessment Branch estimated

the persistence of these 51 chemicals as

well as their potential consumer

exposure. Also at the Committee's

request, the EPA's Structure Activity

Team reviewed available information on

these 51 chemicals and expressed at

least moderate concerns for the

potential of these chemicals to cause

adverse effects. Moderate concerns

result when there is suggestive evidence

in animal studies of mutagenicity,

reproductive effects, developmental

toxicity, chronic toxicity, oncogenicity

or neurotoxicity or there is close

homology (structural, functional or

mechanistic] to chemicals with known

toxicity. At the Committee's request, the

EPA's Environmental Effects Branch

also reviewed available information on

these 51 chemicals and identified a

number of testing information

deficiencies related to aquatic toxicity.

These individual evaluations and more

comprehensive analyses of the Toxic

Substances Control Act Test

Submissions database, ITC Member

Agency computer files and recently

developed OECD SIDS dossiers

revealed that subchronic toxicity data

were available for 8 chemicals. After the

individual evaluations and more

comprehensive analyses, subchronic

toxicity data could still not be located

for 43 chemicals. An additional 8

chemicals for which no subchronic

toxicity data were available are not

being recommended at this time for

subchronic toxicity testing, because

these chemicals were recommended for

other testing and the Committee wants

an opportunity to review the TSCA

section 8(d) health and safety study

submissions and determine if they

include subchronic toxicity studies,

before recommending subchronic

toxicity testing. The Committee is

recommending 35 substantially

produced chemicals only for subchronic

toxicity testing at this time, because it

wants an opportunity to evaluate the

production and exposure information

and the health and safety studies that

will be submitted under TSCA sections

8(a) and 8(d), respectively. The

Committee believes that after evaluation

of the TSCA 8(a) and 8(d) information,

they will be able to make further

recommendations as to which of these

35 chemicals EPA should add to a

subchronic toxicity testing listing rule

and which of these chemical should be

referred to others (e.g., NTP, OECD, etc.)

with an option for testing. Information

available to the Committee indicates

that each of the 35 chemicals is

substantially produced in volumes

ranging from 1 million to 10 billion

pounds per annum, but actual

production volumes are CBI.

Summary of recommended studies.

The substantially produced chemicals

briefly described below and listed in the

paragraph following Table 1 are

recommended for subchronic toxicity

testing.

p,pOxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide). A

search for physical/chemical property

data revealed a measured melting

(decomposition) point of 160-161

degrees centigrade. It is used as a

blowing agent for rubber and expanded

plastics. There are considerable

potential occupational exposures (NOES = 1494 workers) as well as potential

inhalation/dermal consumer exposures.

There are moderate concerns for

potential adverse effects and it was

mutagenic in Salmonella and caused

unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured

cells.

Naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride.

A search for physical/chemical property

data revealed a measured melting point

of 267-269 degrees centigrade and a

measured boiling point of 422 degrees

centigrade. It is used as an intermediate

for dyes, pigments, fluorescent

whiteners and pesticides. It was in a

class of anhydrides that NCI reviewed.

2-Ethylanthraquinone. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

108-111 degrees centigrade. It is used in

chemical synthesis. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 483

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. The LDso value in mice

was 200 mg/kg.

7-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-

nophthalenesulfonic acid. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed none. It is used in onecomponent dry diazo copying process.

There are potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 737 workers) and

potential dermal consumer exposures

during changing of ink in copying

machines. There are moderate concerns

for potential adverse effects.

1-Naphthol. A search for physical/

chemical property data revealed a

measured melting point of 96 degrees

centigrade, a measured boiling point of

288 degrees centigrade, and a measured

water solubility of 866 mg/L It is used

as an intermediate for pesticides, drugs

and dyes and in synthetic perfumes.

There are substantial potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 57,116

workers) as well as potential consumer

exposures. There are moderate concerns

for potential adverse effects; it was

mutagenic in Salmonella and bacterial

DNA repair assays. The LD5o values in

guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, mice and rats

9570
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

were 2, 9, 134. 275, and 2,400 mg/kg,

respectively.

3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. A search

for physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

222-223 degrees centigrade. It is used in

dyes and pigments. There are

considerable potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 1641 workers) and

potential dermal consumer exposures.

There are moderate concerns for

potential adverse effects; the LDso value

in mice was 800 mg/kg.

Triethylene glycol bis(2-

ethylhexonoate). A search for physical/

chemical property data revealed a

measured boiling point of 219 degrees

centigrade at 5 torr. It is used as a

plasticizer. There are moderate concerns

for potential adverse effects; LDso values

in guinea pigs and rats were 21 and 31

mg/kg, respectively.

2-(4-Morpholinyldithio)-

benzothiazole. A search for physical/

chemical property data revealed none. It

is used as an accelerator in rubber

processing. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 174

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects.

N-butylacrylate. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of 50

degrees centigrade, a measured boiling

point of 160 degrees centigrade, and a

measured vapor pressure of 2 mmHg at

20 degrees centigrade. It is used as a

monomer for resins, and in solvent

coatings, adhesives, oil additives,

emulsions for textiles, leathers and

paper finishing. There are considerable

potential occupational exposures (NOES

= 5,136 workers) and potential dermal

consumer exposures. There are

moderate concerns for potential adverse

effects; lowest threshold doses of 2304

and 690 mg/kg were reported for days 5

and 15, respectively, during a rat

developmental toxicity study.

m-Benzenedisulfonic acid. A search

for physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

137 degrees centigrade. It is used as an

intermediate in resorcinol production

and as a nitration catalyst in

mononitrotoluene synthesis. There are

potential occupational exposures (NOES

= 56 workers) and moderate concerns

for adverse effects.

3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene. A search

for physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

40-42 degrees centigrade, a measured

boiling point of 257-258 degrees

centigrade, and a measured water

solubility of 0.63 mg/L. It is used as a

pesticide intermediate. There are

moderate concerns for potential adverse

effects; it was a positive mutagen in

Salmonella and Drosophila. The LD5o

value in mice was 1,384 mg/kg.

Isophthaloyl chloride. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

43-44 degrees centigrade and a

measured boiling point of 276 degrees

centigrade. It is used as an intermediate

for dyes, synthetic fibers, resins, films,

protective coatings and laboratory

reagents. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 46

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. The LD5o value in mice

was 2,200 mg/kg.

Terephthaloyl chloride. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

79-81 degrees centigrade and a

measured boiling point of 259 degrees

centigrade. It is used as an intermediate

for plasticizers, resins and polymers.

There are potential occupational

exposure (NOES = 212 workers) and

moderate concerns for adverse effects.

The LI6 value in mice was 2,140 mg/kg.

4-Ethoxynitrobenzene. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of 60

degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 283 degrees centigrade.

It is used to manufacture dyes and

intermediates. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 207

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. It produced positive

results in a Salmonella assay, a

Drosophila dominant lethal assay, a

bacterial DNA test and a rat cytogenetic

study. The LDso value in rats was 2,100

mg/kg.

Acetoacetanilide. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

85-86 degrees centigrade. It is used as a

dyestuff intermediate, in organic

synthesis and in rubber compounding.

There are considerable potential

occupational exposure (NOES = 1108

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. The LD5o value in mice

was 3,400 mg/kg.

Butyric anhydride. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -75

degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 200 degrees centigrade.

It is used to manufacture butyrates,

drugs and tanning agents. There are

considerable potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 4,817 workers] and

moderate concerns for adverse effects.

The LD5o value in mice was 2,000 mg/kg.

It was In a class of anhydrides that NCI

reviewed.

Isobutyl acrylate. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured boiling point of 61-

63 degrees centigrade, a measured water

solubility of 1800 mg/L and a measured

vapor pressure of 10.7 mmHg at 20

degrees centigrade. It is used in

synthesis of acrylic ester polymers.

There are moderate concerns for

adverse effects. The LCso value in rats

was 2,000 ppm.

Diethylene glycol dimethylether. A

search for physical/chemical property

data revealed a measured melting point

of -68 degrees centigrade and a

measured boiling point of 162 degrees

centigrade. It is used as a solvent and in

reaction medium for grignard and

similar syntheses. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 207

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. It was positive in a

sperm morphology test and a dominant

lethal test and caused adverse

reproductive and developmental effects

during short-term studies. The LDI)o

value in mice was 2,978 mg/kg.

Carbinol acetate. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -25

degrees centigrade, a measured boiling

point of 217 degrees centigrade and a

measured vapor pressure of 0.1 mmHg at

20 degrees centigrade. It is used as a

solvent for cellulose esters, gums and

resins and to manufacture coatings,

lacquers and printing inks. There are

considerable potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 7,649 workers) and

moderate concerns for adverse effects

and potential consumer exposures.

Bromamine acid. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed none. It Is used as a dye

intermediate. There are potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 737

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects.

4-Methyl-2-nitrophenol. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

108 degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 234 degrees centigrade.

It is used to manufacture dyes. There

are moderate concerns for adverse

effects. The LD5o value in rats was 3,360

mg/kg.

4-(Acetylomino) benzenesulfonyl

chloride. A search for physical/chemical

property data revealed a measured

melting point of 149 degrees centigrade.

It is used to manufacture sulfa drugs.

There are considerable potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 1.481

workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects.

2,4-Pentanedione. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -23

degrees centigrade, a measured boiling

point of 141 degrees centigrade, a

measured water solubility of 125,000

v • " - I

9571
Federal Register / Vol. 56, No. 44 / Wednesday, March 6, 1991 / Notices

mg/L and a measured vapor pressure of

1.3 mmHg at 25 degrees centigrade. It is

used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, a

chelating agent for metals, as a lubricant

additive and in paint dryers. There are

considerable potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 4,841 workers) and

high concerns for adverse effects. It was

mutagenic in chinese hamster ovary

cells. The LD8o value in rats was 1,000

ppm. EPA proposed a Significant New

Use Rule based on reported

neurotoxicity and production of a

nervous system disorder that is

characterized by an irreversible

cerebellar syndrome in experimental

animals, genotoxic effects and reported

contact dermatitis and urticaria in

humans (Ref. 2, EPA, 1989). In response

to this proposal, Union Carbide

submitted public comments and

publications and reported that 2,4-

pentanedione produced a "slight

dominant lethal effect at the spermatid

stage of spermatogenesis" and "no

embryotoxicity or teratogenicity" to

Fischer 344 rats (Ref. 3, Union Carbide,

1989).

Propanoic anhydride. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -45

degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 167-169 degrees

centigrade. It is used as an esterifying

agent for fats, oils, cellulose and a

dehydrating medium for nitrations and

sulfonations, alkyd resins, dyestuffs,

and pharmaceuticals. There are

potential occupational exposures (NOES = 489 workers) and moderate concerns

for adverse effects. The LDso value in

rats was 2,360 mg/kg. It was in a class

of anhydrides that NCI reviewed.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-butenedioate. A

search for physical/chemical property

data revealed a measured boiling point

of 209 degrees centigrade. It is used in

emulsions and copolymerized with vinyl

acetate. There are considerable

potential occupational exposures (NOES

= 3,352 workers) and moderate

concerns for adverse effects.

Perfluorotributylamine. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured boiling point of 177

degrees centigrade. It is used in inert

fluids and as a solvent. There are slight

potential occupational exposures (NOES

= 7 workers) and moderate concerns for

adverse effects. The LDbo value in mice

was 1,200 mg/kg.

Perfluoro-N-hexane. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -4

degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 57 degrees centigrade. It

is used in liquid fluorocarbons.

Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride. A

search for physical/chemical property

data revealed a measured boiling point

of 148-149 degrees centigrade and a

measured vapor pressure of 0.6 mmHg at

20 degrees centigrade. It is used in the

synthesis of lubricant additives. There

are considerable potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 7,790 workers) and

moderate concerns for adverse effects. It

was a positive mutagen In a bacterial

DNA assay. The LD5o value in rats was 8

mg/kg.

1,2-Dichlorobutane. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured boiling point of 124

degrees centigrade and a measured

vapor pressure of 2.7 mmHg at 25

degrees centigrade. It is used as a

butadiene intermediate. There are

moderate concerns for adverse effects.

1,3-Dicyanobenzene. A search for

physical/ chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

160-162 degrees centigrade. It is used as

an intermediate for amines, synthetic

fibers, agricultural chemicals, rust

inhibitors and pharmaceuticals. There

are potential occupational exposures

(NOES = 208 workers) and moderate

concerns for adverse effects. The LDso

value in mice was 178 mg/kg.

3,4-Dichlarobutene. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -61

degrees centigrade, a measured boiling

point of 115-117 degrees centigrade and

a measured vapor pressure of 3.5 mmHg

at 25 degrees centigrade. It is used as

chloroprene and adiponitrile

intermediates. There are moderate

concerns for adverse effects. The LDbo

value in mice was 724 mg/kg. It was

positive in Salmonella and in vivo

cytogenetics assays.

2-(2-Aminoethoxy)-ethanol. A search

for physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of -13

degrees centigrade and a measured

boiling point of 221 degrees centigrade.

It is used to remove acid components

from gases. There are considerable

potential occupational exposures (NOES = 5,579 workers) and moderate

concerns for adverse effects. The LD5o

value in rats was 5,660 mg/kg.

Quinacridone. A search for physical/

chemical property data revealed none. It

is used as a dye and pigment. There are

substantial potential occupational

exposures (NOES = 23,292 workers)

and moderate concerns for adverse

effects.

Ammonium carbamate. A search for

physical/chemical property data

revealed a measured melting point of

133-134 degrees centigrade. It is used in

urea manufacture.

Hexa(methoxymethyl) melamine. A

search for physical/chemical property

data revealed none. It is used during

leather manufacturing, rubber bonding

and to produce polyester powder

coatings. There are substantial potential

occupational exposures (NOES = 18,033

workers). The LDo value In mice was

550 mg/kg.

References

(1) CMA. Chemical Manufacturers

Association. "ITC Zeroes In." CHEMSTAR

NEWS. 1[1):4 (1989).

(2) EPA. Environmental Protection Agency.

Proposed Rule. "2.4-Pentanedione; Proposed Significant New Use of a Chemical

Substance." 54 FR 39548-39551, September 27,

1989.

(3) Union Carbide. "Comments of Union

Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company,

Inc. on EPA's Proposed Significant New Use

Rule on 2,4-Pentanedione." Environmental

Protection Agency, TSCA Public Reading

Room, Washington. DC (October 27, 1989). (4) Walker, J.D. "Chemical fate,

bioconcentration, and environmental effects

testing: Proposed testing and decision

criteria." Toxicity Assessment: An

)nternationallournal. 5:103-134 (1990).

[FR Doc. 91-5260 Filed 3-5-91; 8:45 am)

BILLING CODE 65604C"

9572