EE-RM/STD-98-440 / - F

7E-Rq//s 7D -? y , f/o

Preliminarv

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis:

Central Air Conditioners

and Heat Pumps I ,- _ -. ., rrrrirrri

Jim McMahon

JEMcMahon@lbl.gov

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

U.S. Department of Energy f

Workshop on Standards for

Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

December 9, 1999 

,

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

/. 

, . EE-RM/STD-98-440 1'-1 - FF 

Prelimin_arv " . 

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis: 

Central Air Conditioners 

and Heat Pumps .. ( --- ----- - - ------~~~- -- .. - - ---- ... ---:--~, ---'----; ~ 

Jim McMahon 

JEMcMahon@lbl.gov 

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Workshop on Standards for 

Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 

December 9,1999 

m 

'!1 

::0 

~-tnd 

• co 

r 

~ 

o 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 //

Innuts to Life-Cycle Cost (LCCI A

B

___ . _ _ __ - ___ _ A

•l OEt A LCC= /CC + OEt

t=1 (1+r)

ICC = Installed Consumer Cost

= (manufacturing cost x markups) + installation

OE = Operating Expenses (annual)

= (electricity + maintenance + repair)

N = Lifetime (years)

r = Discount rate

- Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost -

• ~ e .. 

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 / t./ f,:: 

Inou.ts to L.ife-Cvcle Cos.t (LCC\ ~ A 

.-- -1- ___ ----. ~ .. -:-•. '..~--:-~=~~-_-;~'" .-=-. '-:_._=t, ~:;:9Jt 

N 

LGG = IGG+ L OEt t 

t=1 (1+ r) 

ICC = Installed Consumer Cost 

= (manufacturing cost x markups) + installation 

OE = Operating Expenses (annual) 

= (electricity + maintenance + repair) 

N = Lifetime (years) 

. r = Discount rate 

. --~~~~~ Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 2 
EE.RM/STD-98-440 / /FF

Steps for Calculatina LCC __ . _-- ._ _-._! . .. . - - - - '------ _ -

* Select one household from RECS (weighted)

- annual electricity consumption

- price of electricity (average and marginal)

- age of equipment (for determination of efficiency)

- age and location of home (to allocate annual energy

consumption to seasons)

* Future price of electricity

- apply time trend from Annual Energy Outlook

* Sample given uncertainties

- incremental manufacturing cost, markups, installation

price, service cost, lifetime, discount rate, efficiency

* Calculate LCC

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

'. EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 Il/ F F 

Steps for Calculating LCe ~ ~ --------- -~----- -:--~~ -~ -~===----- ------ --------~.. -." -'--_.. -:- c -- ~ ~:::1!t 

• Select one household from RECS (weighted) 

- annual electricity consumption 

- price of electricity (average and marginal) 

- age of equipment (for determination of efficiency) 

- age and location of home (to allocate annual energy 

consumption to seasons) 

• Future price of electricity 

- apply time trend from Annual Energy Outlook 

• Sample given uncertainties 

- incremental manufacturing cost, markups, installation 

price, service cost, lifetime, discount rate, efficiency 

• Calculate Lee 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost _ •• ___ • __ 0" _, 

3 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 ) 9 FF

INIDI IT.. DIr'_Q hkr,,enhfl#' rltfn !-N- P TS: .E S ho seho d data _rrrrrrrl

* On-site survey of 7,041 U.S. households

- 2,164 sampled households have central air conditioners

- 613 sampled households have heat pumps

* RECS average annual energy consumption for electric spacecooling is 30-35% lower than DOE test procedure. Electric

heat pump space-heating is 45% lower.

- total electricity consumption from actual bills, attributed to end-uses

through conditional demand analysis

* Other data in RECS

- average electricity prices (marginal prices derived from bills)

- building shell characteristics

- equipment age

._ .... - Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 4

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

I '., EE-RM/STD-98-440 ) tJ FF 

.r....-:-::---~---- - -- ----- --

~-----... - --... --- .. - .. -

• On-site survey of 7,041 U.S. households 

- 2,164 sampled households have central air conditioners 

- 613 sampled households have heat pumps 

• RECS average annual energy consumption for electric spacecooling is 30-35% lower than DOE test procedure. Electric 

heat pump space-heating is 45% lower. 

- total electricity consumption from actual bills, attributed to end-uses 

through conditional demand analysis 

• Other data in RECS 

- average electricity prices (marginal prices derived from bills) 

- building shell characteristics 

- equipment age 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ~.=--.... -- .. -.--.-.-., 

4 
EE-RMI/STD-98-44d"

In puts to LCCAnavis AIv,

Baseline a

Manufacturer

Cost

Standard-Level

Manufacturer

Cost Multiplier

Manufacturer

Markup

Distributor

Markup Installation

Cost

Dealer

Markup

Sales Tax .

Annual Energy

Consumption

Equipment

Efficiency I l Lifetime

| Electricity ---- |Repair Cost Electricity

Prices r Discount Rate _

Maintenance

Cost

Electricity

Price Trend

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost -- --

'. . . EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

Innllt~ tn I r..r... 4n~lv~i~ •• • t' .... " ." ... ,..,.,..,. • ••• ..,..~ "." 

C:--==:.: .. : _-.. _.: ::'.=:=.'. _ .. ____ . __ .. _. __ -:-.~_:_:::----.----

Manufacturer 

Standard-Level 

Manufacturer 

Cost 

Manufacturer 

Markup I--r-l-++ 

Distributor 

Markup 

Dealer 

Markup 

Sales Tax 

Annual Energy 1---.-....-

Consumption 

Equipment 

Efficiency 

Electricity 

Prices 

Installation 

Cost 

Repair Cost 

Maintenance 

Cost 

Lifetime 

Discount Rate 

Electricity 

Price Trend 

EE-RM/STD-98-44d \.{ ,: r:: 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 5 
IqFF

Incalllald rnnioimar f"ro. f A . · .. v~. «4..* .... rrrrrr.?. rv

*_ = - = f _ -- = -- - 11--,"i

ICC = (MFG. MUMFG MUDISTR MUDEAL ST) + IP

MFG = Manufacturer cost

= Baseline Mfg Cost Mfg Cost Multiplier

MUMFG = Manufacturer markup

MUDISTR = Distributor markup

MUDEAL = Dealer markup

ST = Sales tax

IP = Installation Price

__-,~- -- _Central ' A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost --

' . . . EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

. . 1 L/ Ff 

E~-____ __ .- ~-~--- ---------.------------ ------------ ------------ ~-~_--

,~--,'~--~ ~ 

ICC = (MFG· MU MFG· MU DISTR· MU DEAL · ST) + IP 

MFG = Manufacturer cost 

= Baseline Mfg Cost · Mfg Cost Multiplier 

MUMFG = Manufacturer markup 

MUOISTR = Distributor markup' 

MUOEAL = Dealer markup 

ST = Sales tax 

IP = Installation Price 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost \~--~~~~~-I 

6 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 FF

IKI. I ITQ: Install ed C¢..sume'r Costs m = r ,, J· I 1 1,%-7 ,I I,. ,,,AO,, ,i4A I,, I 1 ~, ""

* Triangular Probability Distributions

- Reverse Engineering 0.14

Manufacturer Cost Multipliers 012

0.10

- Manufacturer Markupoos 0.

- Dealer Markup 0.06

0.04

- Installation Price 002

1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 126 128

Manufacturer Markup

* Histogram Probability Distributions

- Sales Tax

* Single-Point Values

- Baseline Manufacturer Cost; ARI Mfg Cost Multipliers;

Distributor Markup

______ Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost .---.

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 } t./ FF 

,-~--',,--- ------ -- ----.- --- --_.- .. ~ ~~-.. :----~-- . - ........ -... --~.--

---~- ._ ... - ----~ .. ~~-. --",,------._- ------

• Triangular Probability Distributions ~------------------------~ 

- Reverse Engineering 

Manufacturer Cost Multipliers 

0.14 ~--------------. 

Manufacturer Markup 

- Dealer Markup 

- I nstallation Price 

0.12 

0.10 

~ 

~ 0.08 ., 

,I:l £ 0.06 

0.04 

0.02 

1.08 LlO Ll2 Ll4 Ll6 LI8 1.20 1.22 1.24 126 128 

• Histogram Probability Distributions 

- Sales Tax 

• Single-Point Values 

Manufacturer Markup 

- Baseline Manufacturer Cost; ARI Mfg Cost Multipliers; 

Distributor Markup 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ,::-:--:-=-:-:-:.~- "~---~ 

7 
EE-RM/STD-98-440

OqFF

INPUTS: Household Operating

__=ven' r___rrrr^

OE [UECbase ELECavg - UECsavings ELECmarg] +MC + RC

UECbase = Baseline (10 SEER) annual energy use

ELECavg = Average electricity price

UECsavings= Annual electricity savings from standard

ELECmarg = Marginal electricity price

MC = Annual maintenance cost

RC = Annual repair cost

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 8

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

, . EE-RM/STD-98-440 

INPUTS: Household Operating -=vnon~o _~t'''1 1.wI" -----__________ ._ ----~--.--- ------- ----'-- -------.----- ------------_~-- ----e' -

DE = [UECbase ' ELECavg - UECsavings' ELECmary ] + MC + RC 

UECbase = Baseline (10 SEER) annual energy use 

ELECavg = Average electricity price 

UECsavingS = Annual electricity savings from standard 

ELECmarg = Marginal electricity price 

MC = Annual maintenance cost 

RC = Annual repair cost 

11.} FF 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost . ~-- .. .,..-~-::::-..:=-::-~-"') 

8 
EE-RM/STD-98-4401 q F

Several Operating Expense Inputs

ate based on 409930C DRG -a InF% n Cw- ri __ _ __ Dr ____ | _I _ 

* Annual Energy Use

* Equipment Efficiencies

- Imputed from RECS Equipment Age and

ARI Annual Shipment-Weighted Efficiency

* Average Electricity Prices

* Marginal Electricity Prices

-Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 9

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

... ' 

EE_RM/STD-98-440, Y FF 

Several Operating Expense Inputs ~r~ h~~~"'" nn 1 QQ~ Cl=~~ ~ A 

gl ~ Ug~~"" U~_I __ :.I_ ~_::~_~~~~_~ ____ ..... ~~.~~ •• , ~:;~. 

• Annual Energy Use 

• Equipment Efficiencies 

- Imputed from RECS Equipment Age and 

ARI Annual Shipment-Weighted Efficiency 

• Average Electricity Prices 

• Marginal Electricity Prices 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 9 
EE.RM/STD-98-440 ) FF

.In .I ,*, r-*MEll , , .~, X r- jj = --- I Wr - 1^ v I (iE

* Based on RECS household space-cooling and spaceheating energy use

* Energy use is associated with equipment efficiency

* Baseline energy use determined by taking the ratio of

equipment-specific and baseline efficiencies

SEERstock

UECbaseorstd_cool = UECstock_cool SEERs o S FE^base or std

HSPFstock

UECbaseorstd_heat = UECstock_heat HSPF

base orstd

* UECstockcoo/, UECstockheat, SEERstock, and HSPFstock are all

based on 1993 RECS data

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

" ' 

EE_RM/STD-98-440 ) V FF· 

_ .... __ .. _ .....• __ ...... . 

• Based on RECS household space-cooling and spaceheating energy use 

• Energy use is associated with equipment efficiency 

• Baseline energy use determined by taking the ratio of 

equipment-specific and baseline efficiencies 

SEER stock 

UECbaseorstd_coo/ = UECstock_coo/' SEER 

baseorstd 

HSPFstock 

UECbaseorstd_heat = UECstock_heat' HSPF 

baseorstd 

• UECstoCkCOO/' UECstockheat, SEERstock' and HSPFstock are all 

based on 1993 RECS data 

Central AIC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost =-::;:---"~,-~ 

10 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 q FF

~lElln U\^l €1 IM lyJl 1L5E 111|^VII rrrrrrj lA = _ . ,ma r .n .R 

* Repair Cost

- Single-Point Value based on /2 equipment price divided by

equipment lifetime for 10 SEER and >12 SEER standard levels;

1% increase in cost for 11 and 12 SEER levels

* Maintenance Cost (range $0 - $135)

- Does not vary with efficiency level

* Electricity Price Trend

- From 1999 Annual Energy Outlook

* Lifetime (range 1 - 24 years)

- From 1990 ASHRAE paper (Bucher et al)

* Discount Rate (range 0 -19% real)

- Based on consumer finance methods

... Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ----

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE_RM/STD-98-440 I tf F F 

n+hftr nnftr~+inn E:vnftn~ft Inn • • +~ ~ . "- "'~~~~. "'~~! Q"~··~~-~~~~~~~~·t-' ... o~~-:: =~ 

• Repair Cost 

- Single-Point Value based on % equipment price divided by 

equipment lifetime for 10 SEER and >12 SEER standard levels; 

1 % increase in cost for 11 and 12 SEER levels 

• Maintenance Cost (range $0 - $135) 

- Does not vary with efficiency level 

• Electricity Price Trend 

- From 1999 Annual Energy Outlook 

• Lifetime (range 1 - 24 years) 

- From 1990 ASHRAE paper (Bucher et al) 

• Discount Rate (range 0 -19% real) 

- Based on consumer finance methods 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ==:-0;,,,.= ___ ~~. __ .~=~.,., 

11 
EE.RM/STD-98-440 /I FF

CSAMPLE D RLT I II Tnrlif I lI rr Fr A/ „

,111-_It, I\. I __ · IVII*i -l l r i 

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering

$7,000 - $7,000

Installed Consumer Cost Installed Consumer Cost

$6,()00 - Lifefime Operating Cost _ $6,000 Bi Lifetime Operating Cost

$5,000 - - $5,000

4 ASSUMPTIONS: 1)Std Effective in 2006, 2) Lifetime: 18.4years,

$4,000 -- 00

3) Discount rate: 6.5% real,

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

· Assuming mean or weighted-average values;

Average LCC based on distributions may differ

· ASSUMPTIONS: 1) Std Effective in 2006, 2) Lifetime: 18.4 years,

3) Discount rate: 6.5% real,

4) Energy prices: RECS93 w/ AEO '99 trends to 2030.

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-9S-440 /V FF· 

~ A aliDa c DC~III T~· I t"i' fnr ~nli+ A Ir:~· JL. 

'-' ~_.~~~~! ...... ___ .... ~~~;;:.='= .... =::~===-v~~_-== .... ~._.~~_--.-~ ... --=----,- -n.""~_- t". n ", ~ !~:~ 

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering 

~,rm ~,rm 

o Installed Consumer Cost o Installed Consumer 

~rm GI Lifetime Cost $6,(0) iii Lifetime Cost 

.. $5,rm .. $5,(0) .. .. 0 0 

U U ~ $4,rm oS $4,(0) U Col 

t; t; ~ $3,rm ~ $3,(0) ... ... 

. .. ~ ...:l 

$2,rm $2,(0) 

$1,rm $1,(0) 

SO :10 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

SI.?IR SEER 

• Assuming mean or weighted-average values; 

Average Lee based on distributions may differ 

• ASSUMPTIONS: 1) Std Effective in 2006, 2) Lifetime: 18.4 years, 

3) Discount rate: 6.50/0 real, 

4) Energy prices: RECS93 wi AEO '99 trends to 2030. 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 12 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 /

__JIU ^I*C~.~411u l 7 CA IIV V IIIuuCLluy rrrrrr^ |i ,=0 ,-~,-,,,,y Q, ,-. --. , ,! ,,l

Identify key uncertainties and variabilities

- uncertainty: incomplete information

- variability: range of values

Estimate input ranges rather than point values

- minimum, likeliest, maximum values

Conduct scenario ("what-if') analysis

Simulate over input ranges

Express output as ranges

- Percent of consumers having lower life cycle cost

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 3

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

" 

EE_RM/STDa 98-440 / tf FF 

,. -- --- - -._--- ----- ._--=--._- .. ---- ._-_._ .. _------ ._-._ .. ---... _--- _ ... ~~~~---

• Identify key uncertainties and variabilities 

- uncertainty: incomplete information 

- variability: range of values 

• Estimate input ranges rather than point values 

- minimum, likeliest, maximum values 

• Conduct scenario ("what-if') analysis 

• Simulate over input ranges 

• Express output as ranges 

- Percent of consumers having lower life cycle cost 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost r~ -:-.-::---~=:!='''-

13 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 IFF

Preliminary Results for Split A/C:

·LCC Difference. UUI11SEE I lIbL--,I I 12 II Ill~l~ll~r. gm V '0 7 J %II J rrrrrr II 

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering

Forecast: LCC Difference Forecast: LCC Difference

10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 214 Outliers 10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 152 Outliers

.040 t .- 395 .040- 400

.040 ------------------------- ----------- 296.2

D.0-30--296.2 .030 -- _______-------------------------- - - ------ 300 :=- » S[ figgg!!»»*lI!BIa °»!.;-, 5 a - -- Nlia-No -

5 n- ----------------------- ------- 197.52 3 n. ------------ -2 i------------ 

I ... . -- * 197.5. .0', ----------------------. -dWN ~---- 

Mean $49 i = 

".010-. "' .. ; .000 ,.. 0

($800) ($450) ($100) $250 $600 ($1,000) ($650) ($300) $50 $400

Certainty is 30.86% from -Infinity to $0 $ Certainty is 44.75% from -Infinity to $0 $

* Mean impact is LCC cost of $49 * Mean impact is LCC savings of $58

* 31% of sample have net savings * 45% of sample have net savings

* Range is from $2948 savings to * Range is from $3625 savings to $317

$433 cost cost

C.entral A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost - 14"

.. ~ . .. . EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

... . ,

...... 

ee-RM/STO-98-440 I L{!=F . 

Preliminary Results for Split Ale: 

I r'r' ni-F-FftPftnl'ft I~CCD -t., "~ -t n\ ~ l 

.... _- ...,~ •• ·.".]"·.c·"~~l"'~~-;-~~_· 6. y ~ .V=~ __ ) ~:;:lIt 

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering 

Forecast: LeC Difference Forecast: LCC Difference 

10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 214 Outliers 10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 152 Outliers 

I -------------------------r-

($800) ($450) ($100) $250 

Certainty is 30.86% from -Infinity to $0 $ 

• Mean impact is Lee cost of $49 

• 31 010 of sample have net savings 

• Range is from $2948 savings to 

$433 cost 

395 

296.2 

~ 197.5.g 

C'I 

::I 

98.75~ 

400 

I 

---------------------------'--~hffiH'Hr------ 300 

"T1 

... 200 .g "' 

C'I 

::I 

100 ~ 

($1,000) ($650) ($300) $50 

Certainty is 44.75% from -Infinity to $0 $ 

• Mean impact is Lee savings of $58 

• 450/0 of sample have net savings 

• Range is from $3625 savings to $317 

cost 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 14 
EE-RMV/STD-98-440 / q FF

Preliminary Results for Split HP:

LCC Di ;FF(SEEArr ffence I D 4 ')) I n """.---.- - p - - -- - _ _ „- .--_ -..- _- -- - - - - - ' - "- - - - .- ----' "-- _ - _ _» _.-, -- -^ j "i ---- __ _ _i..... _... m. _ _-----rr--. r iur

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering

Forecast: LCC Difference Forecast: LCC Difference

10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 138 Outliers 10,000 Trials Frequency Chart 173 Outliers

.031- I. 308 .031- ; 311

031------- ------ ---- ------j----,--------231 031-------------------------I-----

.023--231.. . I . ............. .023-3....3.......2...l,.l. 2 ... 

o _ Io IIIIIItot,,L,,,,,1 ~, .

cost cost2

---- ,M ..77 AC .00Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

Mean= ($234) Mean= ($468).

:00 .000 0......

($1,750) ($1,188) ($625) ($63) $500 ($2,000) ($1,438) ($875) ($313) $250

Certainty is 63.04% from -Infinity to $0 Certainty is 89.88% from -Infinity to $0

· Mean impact is LCC savings of $234 · Mean impact is LCC savings of $468

· 63% of sample have net savings · 90% of sample have net savings

· Range is from $6395 savings to $421 · Range is from $6468 savings to $166

cost cost

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost i 5

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

· - EE-RM/STD-98-440 I Y F'F 

Preliminary Results for Split HP: 

I rr' nifforonl'ft I~CCC -t? "~ -t n\ ~ A 

,-=-_-.:..._.-:":"~ __ ~~~. ~!_~~~~=~-"",,_ ....... 'm. 60 ,,~ ·m~m ~::~ 

Manufacturing Costs: ARI Reverse Engineering 

Forecast: LeC Difference Forecast: LCC Difference 

10,000 Trials 

.031 

Frequency Chart 138 Outliers 10,000 Trials 

308 .031 

Frequency Chart 173 Outliers 

311 

I 

231 ----------------------------r ~ 

~ .01 

~ ~ I 

233.2 . 

"'TI 

... 

" ~ 

Q 

... 

a. 

($1.750) ($1,188) ($625) ($63) 

Certainty is 63.04% from -Infinity to $0 

154 ~ 

C"D 

= ~I""m,rrr - - - 77 ~ 

• Mean impact is Lee savings of $234 

• 63% of sample have net savings 

• Range is from $6395 savings to $421 

cost 

($2.000) ($1,438) ($875) ($313) 

Certainty is 89.88% from -Infinity to $0 

155.5~ 

" = 77.75~ 

• Mean impact is Lee savings of $468 

• 90% of sample have net savings 

• Range is from $6468 savings to $166 

cost 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost .. _- - _ ..... 

15 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 lq FF

RESULTS: LCC

SnIitf Sstafam Air ;,onditione.r _. -^

__= I|- . _bW W _ U . ........... .^ .^ . .. r- __ rrrV.rrrb 11

%$6w00-=/ A 90/to 8 / ^

E m 'o // aw/o 0'- 0 70O/o,

$5,60 0 A o S( p o_,

, ..... y/ 0

G) 5400---------^ - 90DP/o0

0 O / / 420%/o 30P/o

$4,6800---- - '- " '/

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $4,800

------ - -Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost -6

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE_RM/STO-9S-440 I L{ F F 

RE8UL T8: LCC ~nli+ ~\I~+orn Air ~nntii+innor~ ~t' •• " ~ ~ ...,." ••• ~.. ~" •• ~ •... " •• " • ..., ;--c-- ____ - - --- _ ---_____ c~ __ --__ ----- - --- -- ------------- --------- - ---- - - ----- ---------~, --

~__ ----- - __ ::..- ___ ~ __ J.;-3 ~_._" .. _... _ 

SD,aD 

sa.an -

~ ~,EIX) 0 

~~,Em 

>. 

~~400 

.! 

::J ~.ax> c 

=~,an ~ 

$4,E1X) 

$4,Em 

J 

)' 

/ 

------------------ ---

-o-JlR 

/ -+-Fet&g 

~ C~~~ 

"'-

''n-

"-~ 

--n- -0 

(}I/o . 

r---

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

9:IR 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

SIR 

Baseline (10 SEER) Lee - $4,800 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 16 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 1 FP

RESULTS: LCC

_Snlit _,cftzm -laf Dpumr -ps ____ill. ^J^^^^iBB * IV^U«. * Vlllj^^ rrrrrrrnj

$II)0-/ - o \\ \o

e9 - SAX i I P/A '\ \

UO'; Pei E $1 O= a) ~. P/o~ e--

$3,(300 10 /

oe 4: r. -

., $10xD1

$9,4OO -, , , (1 , /o , , l 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $10,100

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ---

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 1 '-I F P 

RESULTS:LCC ~nli+ ~,,~+orn I-Io~+ Dllrnn~ '-',., .... "~~ .. ,, ••• • .,,~ .. • '-4I ••• t'~ . -- - ----- . -----

______ 

- ----

._~~__O..:.~ __ _ 

- --... - - --'--"-'-~'-~=~ --

$11,aD 1CIPA, 

$11,(XD -o-PR gpA, -o-PR 

... fI) 

~ BY/o -.-Fet $10,ElX) --+-Fet8-g "C 

/ '00 ~ ~ $1o,an ,c 0 7tJlA, CD...J ""--0... ~~ WA, ~$1o,400 0 ::I:::::I °u WA, \ J!! $10,aD .... "C \ 

~ $10,(XD 

o CD -«:PAl \ 

... ~ 

C,c 

CD ~ :IP/o ca 

~ ~ apA, CD $},EIX) :! Q.. 

$},an 1(PA, 

$},400 (yA, 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

SEER s:ER 

Baseline (10 SEER) Lee - $10,100 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 17 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 I

RESULTS: Split AIC LCC differences

(ARI mnnlufactnr urinn rtnft) , __ ___ _____ -__ _i~ __ _ ______~ __ ___ __- -' rrrrrrr- |1

Ix 80%--------------------------differences--------------------

100%

, 80%

60%-

·o 40%

: 60%->$500

rt«*~~~~~~- $500 $500-- 20%-- --

,m;~ a- $100

> 0% __

" / 0%

; -20%

c -$200

> -40%-

-60%

<-$500

-100% ,,,

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC ~ $4,800

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

' ...... EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 r'f· J:F 

RESULTS: Split Ale Lee differences. 

100% 

tARI m~nllf~~tllrinn ~nQt\ ~ A , - ........... - •• -.----•••• -

:-11 ----, . . ,.,.r,.,.r~1 ;-'I'j I 

C~ ==-~. =~~~~~_ -_. ~. --- .:~ -=.==-~:. -____ ~_ ... u_. ____ ~-~.:-:: :=~ 

1\ 80% I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 60% I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

"C 40% CD 

r; = 

CD 20% c 

CD 

m 0% 

"C 

CD 

>$500 

$500 

1~~uU 

t~,~:> . $100 

i;;<', 

-$100 .e -20% 

c 

co 

> -40% 

:. -$200 

"C 

co 

fI) 

-60% .-c 

I -$500 I 

v -80% 

<-$500 

-100% , I I 

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER 

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $4,800 

~~ .. ~ .... -.-=~=-~-~~" .. Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 18 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 F F

RESULTS: Split AIC LCC differences

(RAversen Ennineerinn manufa=rturing n r^ost) ' ' E - -'--- . . rrrrr

100%

,; 80%

, 60%

= 40%- $500

S' -20%

> -40%

-60% $0 00

-80%-

-1 00%

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER 16 SEER 17 SEER

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $4,800

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost

m $ - 6oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE_RM/STD-98-440 /1./ FF 

RESULTS: Split Ale Lee differences IRAvAr~A FnninAArinn m::anllf::a~tllrinn ~n~t\ ~ A ,- -- _ ---- ___ ;1 ••• __ • ••• .., •• __ ._-----_ •••• ~ -----, _ ;--'-I'j """""'''~I I c;;: =_.-:-_ - ___ ~_ _= __ -'-_ ~_--_~~:-~~====- ~ - __ =-:~- -_': :=~ 

100% ~------------------------------------------------------------~ 

1\ 

I 80% I 

I 

I 

I 

I 60% I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

"C 40% 

~ ~ 

20% G) 

c: 

G) 

OJ 0% 

"C 

G) 

C) -20% CI ..., 

c: 

CI 

> -40% 

"C 

CI 

tn 

C -60% I 

I 

v <-$500 -80% 

-100% 

11 SEER 12SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15SEER 16 SEER 17 SEER 

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $4,800 

===~~-----_=c~-___ -~~~~~---~ Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 19 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 / q FF

RESULTS: Split HP LCC differences

(ARI ma nufactulrinn rost) - A

.... __ ._ _ . _ __ * -. -. - rrrrrrr -I jm

100%

,' 80%

60% - . - > 500

6 40%- $500

0 20%- $200

0 a o/oX!. $ „ f 1: :'ass - - ^ZZdlX_

0%

0 ) x ': ~,!~ ~ $100 ; 'I T! -$100 __ -----

-$200

> -40%

BU

-60%- <-$o00

V -80%

-100%- - , 

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $10,100

..... ___. - =- Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost -

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

EE-RM/STD-98-440 ) Y Fl=" 

1\ 800/0 • • • • • " .... - • • 60% • 

-"'----

• • • 

"C 40% 

~ 

,$500 

~ 

CD 20% c 

CD 

m 0% 

5200 

$100 

f~~> " ",""E~ 

:"- "c, 

"C 

CD ~ -$100 

c::n -20% ca 

.... -$200 

c 

ca 

> -40% -$500 

"C 

ca 

.!! -60% c <-$500 

• • v -80% 

-100% 

11 SEER 12SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER 

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $10,100 

",,==-,---=~~---= ~,,~~=-C~----C~=~· Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 

20 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 FF

RESULTS: Split HP LCC differences

(Reverse Engineering manufacturing const)

100%

>$500

,; 80%

60%

0, -20% L ___ ._Ea$500 

40%

20%- --$200

-1 02____________0% ---- --- __----- $ -00

0%

_$100 _-

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC $10,100

- Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost---

j -20%

| -40%

v -80%

-100% ---------

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER 16 SEER

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC ~ $10,100

_ -_ ...... _ Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost -- ]--

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF ~. . " 

EE-RM/STD-98-4~ FF 

RESULTS: Split HP LCC differences 

(Reverse Enaineering'manufacturina cost) . ~ ,. - - ,.,.,.,.,.,.;. I~ J - -~ _===- ~ __ ==: _ ---- - __ .-'-'-____ :~~ ~ __ -~ __ ~___ .=~_~_ _::-_ _---~_;:::::::=_:_. ~~~ -~ _-~_~--_ -: J :NlI!JI1~ 

100% 

>$500 

1\ 80% • • • • • • • 60% • • • 

$500 

• 

"C 40% CD 

Ii: = 

CD 20% c 

CD 

m 0% 

"C 

i!&200 

j~~;;i,r >l!~ 8$100 '..:; 

• -$100 .......•...... ': 

.CD 

0) -20% ftI 

-$200 

... 

C 

ftI 

> -40% 

"C -$500 

ftI 

.!! 

c -60% 

<-$500 

• • v -80% 

-100% I T I 

11 SEER 12 SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 15 SEER 16 SEER 

Baseline (10 SEER) LCC - $10,100 

-.--~'-.~.~-----.-~.-. -. -~--~ Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost 21 
EE-RM/STD-98-440 , L F

Consumer Subgroup Analvsis rrr

L - .= --- - - -- r rr? b

* LCC Analysis on subpopulation of RECS

households

-Determine if particular standard levels impact

subpopulations differently than the entire population

* Plans to analyze low-income consumers

Central A/C and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost - 2

EE-RM-STD-98-440 COMMENT 14FF

-. ' . .. EE-RM/STD-98-440 I Ll FF 

cConsurTler Sub~r~~~p Analy~~i!;~, 3 

• LCC Analysis on subpopulation of RECS 

households .... 

- Determine if particular standard levels impact 

subpopulations differently than the entire population 

• Plans to analyze low-income consumers 

Central AlC and Heat Pump Life-Cycle Cost ~~~-~ -'~---~-'-' 

22