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# Diabl o Canyo n Powe r Plan t 

# M6(b ) Demonstratio n Repor t

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# Marc h 1 , 200 0

Documen t No . E9-055. 0 Prepared

for. Pacifi c Ga s an d Electri c Compan y

7 7 Beal e Street Sa n Francisco , C A 9410 5 Prepared

by: 

# d TENER

A $ nvironmerrta l rvice s nP. 3

1 Pacific

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10 . 199 9 Davi d H . Oatle y Pi.ibi o '...*-...- Vic e Pies-dent - Diabl n Carv.n n fi> Bo > ':•' • uppranonr . an d fl.in ! Manaic r...il. i lii'-nc; : ' PG& E Lette r

DCL-99-58 8 Mr . Roge r

Briggs . Executiv e Office r Centra l Coas t

Regiona l Wate r

Qualit y Contro l Boar

d 8 1 Higucr aStree t

Suit e 20 0 Sa n Lui s Obispo . C A 93401-314 7 Re : PG& E Diabl o Canyo n Submitta l

Diabl o Canvo n 3 16(h)Stud v - Secon d Draf t Resource * Assessmen t

Repor t Dea r Mr . Briggs : You r lette r date dJul y 26 . 199 9 require d PG& E t o submi t th e DCP P 316(b ) Stud y - Secon d Draf t Resource s Assessmen t

Report b y Decembe r

10 , 1999 . Th e requirement s containe d withi n thi s lette r wer e modifie d base d o n agreement s mad e by th e Entrainmen t Technica l Workgrou p (ETWG ) at

th e Augus t

9 , 199 9 meetin g a s wel l a s you r subsequen t

lette r date d Augus t

25 , 1999 . Pursuan t t o thes e letter s an dth e agreement s mad e at th e Augus t

9 , 199 9 ETW G meeting , PG& E i s hereb y submittin g th e repor t whic h contains : 1 . A comprehensiv e assessmen t o f al l fish specie s previousl y selecte d b y th e ETWG , an dth e crab specie s identifie d b y staf f o f th e Californi aDepartmen t o f Fis h an d Gam e at th e Augus t

9 , 199 9 ETW G meeting . Thi s assessmen t use s al l th e dat a collecte dfro mJul y 1 , 199 7 throug h th e en d o f Jun e 199 8 fo r

eac h assessmen t approac h (Fecundit y Hindcasting , Adul t Equivalen t

Los s an d Empirica l Transpor t Model) . Th e assessmen t als o use s th e availabl e lif e histor y informatio n for th e identifie dspecies . Dat averifie d throug h Novembe r 5 , 199 9 wer e use d i

n th e analyse s presente d in th e assessments . 2 . A "compressed " versio n ofth e samplin g result s fo r al l tax a(mea n monthl y densit y fo r eac h ofth e tax acollected) , a s wel l a s chart s showin g th e samplin g result s relativ e t o th e offshor e grid . Thes e chart s fo r th e gri d ar e part

o f thi s draf t repor t an d presen t

dat atha t ar e analyze d i

n thi s repor t

( Jul y 199 7 - Jun e 1998) . Dat averifie d throug h Decembe r 6 , 199 9 ar e presente di n th e tables . 3 . A summar y o f

al l th e samplin g programdat aprocesse d throug h Novembe r 5 , 1999 , includin g specie s compositio n an d abundance . Thi s dat ai s provide d i n acommo n databas e forma

t o n C D ROM . Th e dat aon th e C D represen t al l dat averifie d throug h Decembe r

6 , 1999 . 4 . A n evaluatio n ofth e intak e structur e includin g acompariso n o f potentia l alternativ e technologie s tha t

coul db e use d t o minimiz e an y advers e effect s identifie d i n th e resourc e assessment , an d thei r associate d costs . 

# JP. 4 PG& E Lette r DCL-99-58 8 Mr . Brigg s Decembe r 10 , 199 9 Page 2 Thi s draf t repor t i s preliminar

y an d provided fo

r review b y th e Regiona

l Boar d an d the ETW

G members . Th

e method s use

d to analyz e the curren

t mete r datafo r th e ET M model s wer

e changedfro

mth e Augus t

3 r drepor t to reflect th e recommendation s o f

Dr . Jeffre y Paduah , a

n oceanographe

r wit h th e U.S . Nava

l Post-Graduat

e School i n Monterey , California . I

t i s ou r understandin g tha

t PG& E will b e provided comment s o n thi s draf t repor t a t the Decembe

r 17 , 1999 ETW G Meeting . I certif y unde r penalt y o f la w tha t thi s documen

t an d all attachment s wer

e prepared unde

r m y directio n o r supervisio n i

n accordanc e wit

h asyste mdesigne d to ensur

e tha t qualified personnel properly gathe

r an devaluate th e informatio

n submitted . Base

d o n m y inquir y ofth e person or person s wh

o manag e th e system , o

r thos e person s directl y responsibl e fo r gatherin g the information , I certif

y tha t th e information submitte d is , to th e bes t o f m y knowledg e an

d belief , true , accurate , an

dcomplete . I a

mawar e tha t there ar e significan

t penaltie s fo

r submittin g fals e information , includin g th e possibilit y o f fine an d imprisonmen

t fo r knowing violations . I f yo u hav e an y questions , pleas e contac t Ann e Jackso n o f

m y staf f a t (415 ) 973-6523 . 

# fo t 

# 4>^\ 0 DavidH . Oatl e Enclosur e 99588/amj/km

o

c c w / attachments : Michael Thomas , CCRWQC B c c w/ o attachments : Jennife r Soloway , CCRWQC

B Lauri e Kermish , EP

A Alexi s Strauss , EP

A Bra dMahanes , EP

A Danie l Meer , EP

A v/Roby n Stuber , EP

A Dav e Mayer , TENER

A Gregor y Rueger , PG&

E Anne Jackson , PG&

E Kathleen Jones , PG&

E Ca l Gillies , PG&

E Dre w Squyres , PG&

EP. 5 PG& E Lene r DCL-99-58 8 Mr . Brigg s Decembe r 10 , 199 9 Pag e 3 bc c w/ o attachments : Patrici aEckhardt , PG&

E (7 7 Beale,B24A ) Chri s Ehrler , TENER

A (DCP

P - Trailer 123 ) Joh n Steinbeck , TENER

A (DCP

P - Trailer 123 ) RM S (DCPP) Env . Ops . Centra

l File s (104/5/2A )

s:\enveng\submit\complete\DCL99588.do cP. 6 

# 0 " O r 

# D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 Davi d H . Oatley Vic e President-Diabl o Canyo n Operations an d Plan t Manage r Diabl o Canyo n Powe r Plan t PO . Bo x 5 6 Avil a Beach , C

A 9342 4 805.545.600 0

Certifie d Mailin g # Z 265-478-75 8

Certifie d Mailin g #Z265-477-91 2 Marc h 1,200 0 PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 5 Mr . Bra d Mahane s (2243A) U . S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Offic e o f Enforcemen t an d Complianc e Assuranc e 40 1 M Street , S.W . Washington , D.C . 2046 0

* Ms . Robi n Stube r U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Regio n 9 CW A Standard s an d Permi t Office , Wate rDivisio n 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , C

A 9410 5 Re : PG& E Diabl o Canyo n - Clea n Wate rAct Sectio n 30 8 Reques t Submitta l -

Diabl o Canyo n 316(b ) Demonstratio n Repor t Dea rMs . Stube ran d Mr . Mahanes : Pursuan t t o Alexi s Strauss ' lette rdate d Septembe r22 , 1999 , Pacifi c Ga s & Electri c (PG&E ) i s hereb y submittin g th e Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t (DCPP ) 316(b ) Demonstratio n Report . Th e DCP P 316(b ) stud y wa s initiate d i n October , 199 6 wit h samplin g complete d i n June , 1999 . Th e samplin g desig n an d method s ofth e study , selectio n o f targe t taxa , an d formulatio n o f th e thre e assessmen t method s (Tenera 1997a ; Tener a 1997b ; Tenera 1998a ) wer e oversee n b y th e Entrainmen t Technica l Wor k Grou p (ETWG ) establishe d b y th e Centra l Coast Regiona l Wate rQuality Contro l Board (CCRWQCB) . Th e enclose d DCP P 316(b ) Demonstratio n repor t follow s tw o draft preliminar y assessmen t report s date d Augus t 2 nd , 1999 , an d Decembe r10* . 1999 . Th e purpos e o f thes e preliminar

y report s wa s t o provid e th e CCRWQCB , Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) , an d th e ETW G a n opportunity t o revie w a comprehensiv e applicatio n o f th e thre e assessmen t approache s (adul t equivalen t loss , fecundity hindcasting , an d proportiona l entrainment ) o n th e selecte d targe t species . Thes e draft report s containe d th e lif e histor

y information , assumptions , an d value s fo reac h targe t species , a s wel l a s th e methodolog y t o b e use d i n applyin g th e thre e assessmen t approaches . The y wer e provide d t o th e ETW G wit h th e goa l o f obtainin g agreemen t o n th e information , methodolog y an d assumption s tha t woul d b e applie d i n thi s demonstratio n report .P. 7 

# 0 ' 

# 0 0 0 0 PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 5

Mr . Mahane s an d Ms . Stube r Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 2 Additionally , include d wit h thi s submitta l i s a C D RO M whic h contain s th e followin g information : Appendi x G Appendi x H Appendi x I Curren t Mete rDat a Entrainmen t an d Gri d Lengt h Dat a Entrainmen t an d Gri d Surve y Dat a o Adjuste d Inshor e Volum e o Intak e Cov e Plankto n To w Dat a o Powe rPlan t Intak e Flo w o Win d Dat a 

# 0 0 

# o x 

# 0 0 D D 0 0 D 0 0 I certify , unde rpenalt y o f law , tha t thi s documen t an d al l attachment s wer e prepare d

unde rm y directio n o rsupervisio n i n accordanc e wit h a syste m designe d t o ensur e tha t qualifie d personne l properl y gathe ran d evaluat e th e informatio n submitted . Base d o n m y inquir y o f th e perso n o rperson s wh o manag e th e system , o rthos e person s directl y responsibl e fo rgatherin g th e information , I certif y tha t th e informatio n submitte d is , t o th e bes t o f m y knowledg e an d belief , true , accurate , an d complete . I a m awar e tha t ther e ar e significan t penaltie s fo rsubmittin g fals e information , includin g th e possibilit y o f fin e an d imprisonmen t fo rknowin g violations . I f yo u hav e an y questions , pleas e contac t Ann e Jackso n o f m y staf f a t (415 ) 973-6523 . Sincerely ,

Davi d H . Oatle y Enclosur e 2000515/amj/km o c c w / attachments : Residen t Inspector , Davi d Proul x (include s CD ) U.S . Nuclea rRegulator

y Commissio n Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t 104/ 5 Regiona l Administrato r U.S . Nuclea rRegulator

y Commissio n Regio n I V 61 1 Rya n Plaz a Drive , Suit e 40 0 Arlington , T

X 76011-806 4

IMamm ^ mammP. 8

I d " I PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 5

Mr . Mahane s an d Ms . Stube r Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 3 c c w / attachment s (con't) : Steve n D . Bloo m NRC , Projec

t Manage r On e Whit e Flin t Nort h 1155 5 Rockvill e Pike Rockville , M D 20852-273 8 Documen t Contro l Des k U.S . Nuclea rRegulator

y Commissio n Washington , D.C . 2055 5 Chri s Ehrie r TENERA P.O . Bo x 40 0 Avil a Beach , CA 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Joh n Steinbec k TENERA P.O . Bo x 40 0 Avil a Beach , CA 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Dav e Maye r TENER A On e Market , Spea rTower , Suit e 185 0 Sa n Francisco , CA 94105-101 8 Ca l Gillie s PG& E Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t P.O . Bo x 5 6 Avil a Beach , C

A 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Ann e Jackso n (include s 2 CD's ) PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C A 9417 7 ( 3 copie s - Compan y Mail ) Pa t Eckhard t PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C

A 9417 7 (Compan y Mail ) Kathlee n Jone s (include s CD ) PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C

A 9417 7 ( 3 copie s - Compan y Mail )P. 9 

### r" ' 

# W\J PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 5

Mr . Mahane s an d Ms . Stube r Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 4

c c w/ o attachments : Mr . Roge rBriggs , Executiv e Office r Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate rQualit y Contro l Board 8 1 Higuera Street , Suit e 20 0 Sa n Lui s Obispo , C

A 93401-314 7 Jennife rSolowa

y Stat e Wate rResourc e Contro l Boar d Offic e o f th e Chie f Counse l 90 1 "P " Stree t Sacramento , CA 95812-010 0 Michae l Thoma s Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate rQualit y Contro l Boar d 8 1 Higuera Stree t Sa n Lui s Obispo , CA 93401-314 7 (Han d Delivery ) Lauri e Kermis h Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Regio n I X Offic e o f th e Regiona l Counse l 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , CA 94105-390 1 Alexi s Straus s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y CW A Standard s & Permit s Offic e 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , CA 94105-390 1 Danie l Mee r Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Chie f o f Clea n Wate r CW A Complianc e Office , Regio n I X 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , C

A 9410 5 Gregor y Ruege r PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C

A 9417 7 (Compan y Mail )P.1 0 

# 0 " 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 Pacific Gas and Electric Company Marc h 1,200 0 PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 4 Davi d H . Oatle y Vic e President-Uiabl o Canyo n Operation s an d Plan t Manage r Diabl o Canyo n Powe r Plan t PO . Bo x 5 6 Avil a Beach , C

A 9342 4 80 5 545.600 0 Mr . Roge rBriggs , Executiv e Office r Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate rQualit y Contro l Board 8 1 Higuer

a Street , Suit e 20 0 Sa n Lui s Obispo , C A 93401-314 7 Re : PG& E Diabl o Canyo n Submitta l -

Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t - 316(b ) Demonstratio n Repor t Dea rMr . Briggs : I n accordanc e wit h you rlette rdate d Jul y 26 , 1999 , Pacifi c Ga s & Electri c (PG&E ) i s hereb y submittin g th e Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t (DCPP ) 316(b ) Demonstratio n Report . Th e DCP P 316(b ) stud y wa s initiate d i n October , 199 6 wit h samplin g complete d i n June , 1999 . Th e samplin g desig n an d method s ofth e study , selectio n o f targe t taxa , an d formulatio n ofth e thre e assessmen t method s (Tener a 1997a ; Tener a 1997b ; Tener a 1998a ) wer e oversee n b y th e Entrainmen t Technica l Wor k Grou p (ETWG ) establishe d by th e Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate rQualit y Contro l Boar d (CCRWQCB) . Th e enclose d DCP P 316(b ) Demonstratio n repor t follow s tw o draft preliminar y assessmen t report s date d Augus t 2 nd , 1999 , an d Decembe r10 th , 1999 . Th e purpos e o f thes e preliminar

y report s wa s t o provid e th e CCRWQCB , Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) , an d th e ETW G a n opportunity t o revie w a comprehensiv e applicatio n o f th e thre e assessmen t approache s (adul t equivalen t loss , fecundit y hindcasting , an d proportiona l entrainment ) o n th e selecte d targe t species . Thes e draft report s containe d th e lif e histor

y information , assumptions , an d value s fo reac h targe t species , as wel l a s th e methodolog y t o b e use d i n applyin g th e thre e assessmen t approaches . The y wer e provide d t o th e ETW G wit h th e goa l o f obtainin g agreemen t o n th e information , methodolog y an d assumption s tha t woul d b e applie d i n thi s demonstratio n report . Additionally , include d wit h thi s submitta l i s a C D RO M whic h contain s th e followin g information : Appendi x G Appendi x H Appendi x I Curren t Mete rDat a Entrainmen t an d Gri d Lengt h Dat a Entrainmen t an d Gri d Surve y Dat a o Adjuste d Inshor e Volum e o Intak e Cov e Plankto n To w Data o Powe rPlan t Intak e Flo w o Win d Dat a

# r r P.1 1 

# m PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 4 • 5 Mr . Brigg s Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 2 I certify , unde rpenalt y o f law , tha t thi s documen t an d al l attachment s wer e prepare d unde rm y directio n o rsupervisio n i n accordanc e wit h a syste m designe d t o ensur e tha t qualifie d personne l properl y gathe ran d evaluat e th e informatio n submitted. , Base d o n m y inquir y o f th e perso n o rperson s wh o manag e th e system , o rthos e person s directl y responsibl e fo rgatherin g th e information , I certif y tha t th e informatio n submitte d is , t o th e bes t o f m y knowledg e an d belief , true , accurat e an d complete . I a m awar e tha t ther e ar e significan t penaltie s fo rsubmittin g fals e information , includin g th e possibilit y o f fin e an d imprisonmen t fo rknowin g violations . I f yo u hav e an y questions , pleas e contac t Ann e Jackso n o f m y staf f a t (415 ) 973-6523 . Sincerely ,

Davi d H . Oatle y Enclosur e 2000515/amj/km o c c w / attachments : Michae l Thoma s (include s CD ) Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate rQualit y Contro l Boar

d 8 1 Higuera Stree t Sa n Lui s Obispo , C

A 93401-314 7 (Han d Delivery ) c c w/ o attachments : Residen t Inspector , Davi d Proul x (include s CD ) U.S . Nuclea rRegulator

y Commissio n Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t 104/ 5 Regiona l Administrato r U . S . Nuclea rRegulator y Commissio n Regio n I V 61 1 Rya n Plaz a Drive , Suit e 40 0 Arlington , T

X 76011-806 4 Steve n D . Bloo m NRC , Projec

t Manage r On e Whit e Flin t Nort h 1155 5 Rockvill e Pik

e Rockville , M D 20852-273 8 PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 4P.1 2 

# m PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 4

Mr . Brigg s Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 3 cc : w/ o attachmen t (con't. ) Documen t Contro l Des k U.S . Nuclea rRegulator

y Commissio n Washington , D.C . 2055 5 Jennife rSoloway Stat e Wate rResourc e Contro l Boar d Offic e o f th e Chie f Counse l 90 1 "P " Stree t Sacramento , C

A 95812-010 0 Lauri e Kermis h Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Regio n I X Offic e o f th e Regiona l Counse l 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , C A 94105-390 1 Alexi s Straus s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y CW A Standard s & Permit s Offic e 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , CA 94105-390 1 Bra d Mahane s U . S . EPA Offic e o f Enforcemen t & Complianc e Assuranc e 40 1 M Street , S.W . Washington , D C 2046 0 Danie l Mee r Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Chie f o f Clea n Wate r CW A Complianc e Office , Regio n I X 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , C

A 9410 5 i/Roby n Stube r U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y CW A Standard s & Permit s Office , Wate rDivisio n 7 5 Hawthorn e Stree t Sa n Francisco , CA 9410 5 Dav e Maye r TENERA On e Market , Spea rTowerSuit e 185 0 Sa n Francisco , C A 94105-101 8P.1 3 

# m PG& E Lette rDCL-2000-51 4 } Mr . Brigg s Marc h 1,200 0 Pag e 4

cc : w/ o attachmen t (con't. ) Chri s Ehrle r TENER A P.O . Bo x 40 0 Avil a Beach , CA 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Joh n Steinbec k TENER A P.O . Box 40 0 Avil a Beach , C

A 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Gregor y Ruege r PG& E P.O . Box 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C A 9417 7 Ca l Gillie s PG& E Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t P.O . Bo x 5 6 Avil a Beach , C A 9342 4 (Han d Delivery ) Ann e Jackso n PG& E P.O . Box 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C A 9417 7 ( 3 copies ) Pa t Eckhard t PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , C A 9417 7 Kathlee n Jone s PG& E P.O . Bo x 77000 0 Sa n Francisco , CA 9417 7 ( 3 copies )J M 4 

# i i | Diabl o Canyo n Powe rPlan t

! 

# i I

• March 1, 2000 

# 316(b ) Demonstratio n Repor t

Documen t No . E9-055. 0

TENERA Project

Manager: Chri s Ehrle r 

# I I 

# I I

| 

# I 

# I I ®

TENER A 

# I 

# I I Prepared for. Pacifi c Ga s an d Electri c Compan y 7 7 Beal e Stree t Sa n Francisco , C A 9410 5

Prepared

by. Environmenta l Service s On e Market , Spea rTower , Suit e 1850 , San Francisco , C A 9410 5 (415 ) 536-4744 , FA X (415 ) 536-471 4 P.O . Bo x 400 , Avil a Beach , Californi a 9342 4 (805 ) 595-2407 , FAX : (805 ) 545-696 0P.1 5 Tabl e o f Contents 

# TABL E O F CONTENT S Sectio n Pag e 1. 0 EXECUTIV E SUMMAR Y i- l 2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N 2- i 3. 0 BACKGROUN D 3- i 4. 0 METHOD S 4- 1 4. 1 Criteri afo r

Selectio n o f

Targe t Organism s 4- 1 4. 2 Entrainmen t

4- 3 4. 3 Impingemen t

'. 4-1 0 4. 4 Descriptio n o f

Entrainmen t

Analytica l Method s 4-1 1 5. 0 RESULT S 5- 1 5. 1 Overvie w 5- 1 5.1. 1 Entrainmen t

5- 1 5.1. 2 Impingemen t

5- 5 5. 2 Assessmen t

o f Effect s o n Targe t

Tax a5-2 0 5.2. 1 Cancer

crab s 5-2 0 Brow n roc k

cra b {Cancer

antennarius) 5-2 2 Slende r cra b {Cancer

gracilis) 5-3 3 5.2. 2 Pacifi c sardin e {Sardinops sagax) 5-6 5 5.2. 3 Norther n anchov y {Engraulis mordax) 5-9 6 5.2. 4 Rockfishe s (Famil y Scorpaenidae ) 5-12 5 KG B rockfis h comple x 5-12 7 Blu e rockfis h comple x 5-14 2 5.2. 5 Painte dgreenlin g {Oxylebiuspictus) 5-19 5 5.2. 6 Sculpin s (Famil y Cottidae ) 5-21 5 Smoothhea d sculpi n {Artedius lateralis) 5-21 7 Snubnos e sculpi n {Orthonopias triads) 5-22 2 Cabezo n {Scorpaenichthys marmoratus) 5-22 9 5.2. 7 Whit e croake r

{Genyonemus lineatus) 5-27 5 5.2. 8 Monkeyfac e pricklebac k {Cebidichthys violaceus) 5-29 8 5.2. 9 Kelpfishe s '. 5-31 8 5.2.1 0 Blackey e gob y {Coryphopterus nicholsi) 5-33 7 5.2.1 1 Flatfishe s (Famil y Para l ichth y idae ) 5-36 4 Sanddab s {Citharichthys spp. ) 5-36 4 Californi ahalibu t

{Paralichthys californicus) 5-37 2 6. 0 EVALUATIO N O F ALTERNATIV E INTAK E TECHNOLOGIE S 6- 1 7. 0 DISCUSSIO N 7- 1 8. 0 CONCLUSIO N 8- 1 9. 0 LITERATUR E CITE D 9- 1 TENER A E9-055. 0 i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.1 6 Tabl e o f Content s 

# TABL E O F CONTENT

S (continued ) APPENDI

X A DCP P 3 16(b ) DEMONSTRATIO N STUDY : PHAS E 1 -ENTRAINMEN T STUD Y DESIGN , I . SAMPLIN G LOCATION . APPENDI X B DCP

P 316(b ) DEMONSTRATIO N STUDY : PHAS E 1 -ENTRAINMEN T STUD Y DESIGN , II . SELECTIO N O F TARGE T ORGANISMS , SAMPLIN G METHODS , AND GEA RTESTING . APPENDI X C DCP

P 316(b ) STUDY : PHAS E 3-SAMPLIN G PLA N AND MODELLIN G EVALUATION . APPENDI X D DCP

P 3 1 6(B ) ENTRAINMEN T STUDY , FIEL D AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES . APPENDI X E DCP P 316(B ) STUDY : COMPARISO N O F ENTRAINMEN T LARVA L DENSIT Y I N PAIRED SAMPLES : ONE-VS . TWO-NETS . APPENDI X F ESTIMATIN G TOTA L ENTRAINMEN T MORTALIT Y USING TH E DELT A METHOD . APPENDI X G NUMBE RO F SAMPLE S COLLECTE D AND LABORATORY PROCESSED . APPENDI X H ESTIMATE D MEA N DENSIT Y O F LARVA E COLLECTE D A T DCPP . APPENDI X I ESTIMATE D NUMBE RO F TARGE T TAX A LARVA E ENTRAINE D PE RWEEK . APPENDI X J RESULT S O F T-TEST S AND KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNO V TEST S O N LENGT H

FREQUENC Y DAT

A FRO M PAIRED ENTRAINMENT AN D STUD Y GRI D SAMPLES . APPENDI X K

GENETI C IDENTIFICATIO N O F LARVA L SEBASTES SPP . APPENDI X L TECHNOLOGIE S THAT D O NO T HAVE DEMONSTRATED COMMERCIA L OPERABILIT Y O RRELIABILIT Y A T POWE RPLANT S O F A SCAL

E SIMILA

RT O DCPP . APPENDI X M TECHNOLOGIE S THA T AR E CURRENTLY AVAILABL E BUT WOUL

D NO T REDUC E IMPINGEMEN T O RENTRAINMENT T O LEVEL S LOWE RTHA N OBSERVED A T DCPP . APPENDI X N TECHNOLOGIE S AND METHOD S CURRENTLY AVAILABL E AND PROVE

N EFFECTIV E A T FACILITIE S OF TH

E SAM E SIZ E A S DCP P BU

T DETERMINE

D TO NO T B E EFFECTIV

E A T DCPP .

TENER A E9-055. 0 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.1 7 K Lis to f Table s 

# | LIS T OF TABLE S

Sectio n an d Tabl e Numbe r

" ' 1. 0 EXECUTIV E SUMMAR Y

• 2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N

3. 0 BACKGROUN D

• 3- 1 Presenc e an dmagnitud e o f E l Nin o an dL aNin aevent s 4. 0 METHOD S B 4- 1 Lis t o f targe t tax aselecte dfo r

assessment s ^ 4. 2 Pigmen t groups , parturitio n pea k

periods , an dseasonalit y o f preflexio n rockfish,, .

. 4- 3 Larva l growth estimate s fo r entrainabl e fis h larva e a t DCP P V 4- 4 Mea n an dmaximu mlarva l stag e duration s fro mhatchin g t o entrainmne t fo r fish ^ larva e collecte dat DCP P 4- 5 Stud y gri dan dpaire dentrainmen t surve y date s I 5. 0 RESULTS

5. 1 Overvie w • 5.1-1 . Lis t ofth e larva l fish tax acollecte ddurin g DCP P 316(b ) Demonstratio n . . W 5.1-2 . Tota l abundance , weight , an daverag e biomas s o f impinge dfishes a t

DC P 5.1-3 . Biomas s o f

impinge dcrab s at

DCP P • 5. 2 Targe t Tax aEffect s Assessmen t W 5.2. 1 Cancer crab s 5.2.1-1 . Schedul e o f

estimate dfecundit y b y ag e for brow n roc k

cra b • 5.2. 1 -2 . Estimate dnumbe r o f brow n roc k

crab zoe aan dmegalop s entrained , *> • w estimate dFH, an dsensitivit y analyse s o f FH estimate s 5.2.1-3 . Duratio n o f

planktoni c zoea l an dmegalopa l stage s o f brow n roc k

crab. . B 5.2.1-4 . Brow n roc k cra b monthl y estimate s o f PE 3 5.2.1-5 . Schedul e o f estimate dfecundity b y ag e for slende r cra b 5.2.1-6 . Duratio n o f

planktoni c zoea l an dmegalopa l stage s o f slende r cra b • 5.2.1-7 . Estimate dnumbe r o f slende r cra b zoe aan dmegalop s entrained , • . estimate dFH, an dsensitivit y analyse s o f FH estimate s 5.2.1-8 . Slende r

crab monthl y estimate s o f PE

• 5.2. 2 Pacifi c sardin e {Sardinops sagax) 5.2.2-1 . Percen t

maturit y o f

femal e Pacifi c sardine s fc 5.2.2-2 . Lif e tabl e for

Pacifi c sardin e • 5.2.2-3 . Estimate dfishin g mortalit y rate s o n Pacifi c sardin e 5.2.2-4 . Estimate dtota l annua l entrainmen t o f sardin e larva e • 5.2.2-5 . Estimate dtota l annua l adjuste dentrainmen t o f sardin e larva e P 5.2.2-6 . Estimat e o f numbe r o f FH female s for

tw o stud y year s 5.2.2-7 . Pacifi c sardin e sensitivit y analyse s o f FH. g | 5.2.2-8 . Estimat e o f numbe r o f AEL adult s for

tw o stud y year s • 5.2.2-9 . Pacifi c sardin e sensitivit y analyse s o f AEL 5 2 2-1 0 Pacifi c sardin e monthl y estimate s o f PE TENER A E9-055. 0 ii i Fina

l 316(b ) Demon s ^ Marc h 1 Pag e

3- 8 4-3 6

, , 4-3 7 4-3 9 4-4 0 4-4 1

5- 8 P 5-1 5 5-1 6

. 5-4 1 5-4 2 5-4 3 5-4 4 5-4 5 5-4 5 5-4 6 5-4 7 5-7 6 5-7 6 5-7 7 5-7 8 5-7 8 5-7 9 5-7 9 5-8 1 5-8 1 5-8 4 tratio n ,200 0P.1 8 Lis t o f Table s 

# LIS T O F TABLE S

(continued ) Sectio n an

d Tabl e Numbe r Pag e 5.2. 3 Norther

n anchovy {Engraulis mordax) 5.2.3-1 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f norther n anchovy larvae 5-10 6 5.2.3-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f norther n anchov y larvae.. . 5-10 6 5.2.3-3 . Survivorship o f

norther n anchov y 5-107 5.2.3-4 . Estimate o f

numbe r of/"//female s fo

r tw o stud y year s 5-10 8 5.2.3-5 . Norther

n anchovy sensitivit

y analyse s o f

FH. 5-10 8 5.2.3-6 . Estimate o f

numbe r of AEL adult s fo r tw o stud y year s 5-11 0 5.2.3-7 . Norther

n anchovy sensitivit

y analyse s o f

AEL 5-11 0 5.2.3-8 . Norther

n anchovy monthl y estimate s of PE 5-11 2 5.2. 4 Rockfishe s (Family Scorpaenidae ) 5.2.4-1 . Rockfis h pigmen

t group s and parturitio n period s 5-15 6 5.2.4-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f KG B rockfis h larvae 5-15 8 5.2.4-3 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f KG B rockfis h larvae 5-15 8 5.2.4-4 . Ag e a

t sexua l maturatio n and longevit

y fo r thre e specie s i

n th e KG B rockfis h complex 5-15 9 5.2.4-5 . Estimate o f

numbe r o f FH female s fo

r tw o stud y year s 5-15 9 5.2.4-6 . KG

B rockfishe s sensitivit

y analyse s o f

FH. 5-160 5.2.4-7 . Three-yea

r surviva l ofth e KG

B rockfis h complex larva

e 5-16 2 5.2.4-8 . Estimate o f

numbe r o f AEL adult s fo r tw o stud y year s 5-16 2 5.2.4-9 . KG

B rockfishe s sensitivit

y analyse s o f

AEL 5-16 3 5.2.4-10 . KG

B rockfishe s monthly estimate s o f PE 5-16 5 5.2.4-11 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f blu e rockfis h larva

e 5-16 6 5.2.4-12 . Estimate dtotal annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f blu e rockfis h larva

e 5-16 6 5.2.4-13 . Estimat

e o f numbe r o f FH female s fo

r tw o stud y years. . 5-16 6 5.2.4-14 . Blu e rockfis h comple x sensitivit y analyse s of

FH 5-167 5.2.4-15 . Three-yea

r surviva l o f fo r th e blu e rockfis h complex 5-16 9 5.2.4-16 . Estimat

e o f numbe r o f AEL adult s fo r tw o stud y year s 5-17 0 5.2.4-17 . Blu e rockfis h comple x sensitivit y analyse s of

AEL 5-17 0 5.2.4-18 . Blu e rockfis h comple x monthly estimate s o f PE 5-17 2 5.2. 5 Painte dgreenlin g {Oxylebiuspictus) 5.2.5-1 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f painted greenlin g larvae 5-202 5.2.5-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f painte d greenlin g larva

e .. . 5-202 5.2.5-3 . Painte dgreenlin g monthly estimate s o f PE 5-20 3 5.2. 6 Sculpin s (Family Cottidae ) 5.2.6-1 . Summar

y o f known demograph

y fo r fou r closely relate d cotti d 5-23 5 5.2.6-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f smoothhea

d sculpi n larva

e 5-23 5 5.2.6-3 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f smoothhea

d sculpi n larva

e 5-23 6 5.2.6-4 . Smoothhea

dsculpi n monthly estimate s of PE 5-23 7 5.2.6-5 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f snubnos e sculpin larva

e 5-23 8 5.2.6-6 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjuste d entrainment

o f snubnos e sculpi n larvae... . 5-23 8 5.2.6-7 . Snubnos e sculpin monthly estimate s o f PE 5-23 9 TENERA E9-055. 0 i vFina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.1 9 

# I t i 

# a i 

# i i § t i 

# i i l t i 

# i i I I Lis t o f Table s 

# LIS T O F TABLE S

(continued ) Sectio n an

d Tabl e Numbe r Pag e 5.2.6-8 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainmen

t o f cabezon larva

e 5-240 5.2.6-9 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjusted entrainment

o f cabezon larva

e 5-240 5.2.6-10 . Cabezo n monthl

y estimate s o f

PE 5-24 1 5.2. 7 Whit

e croake r {Genyonemus lineatus) 5.2.7-1 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f whit e croake r larva e 5-28 3 5.2.7-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjusted entrainment

o f whit e croake r larva e 5-28 3 5.2.7-3 . Estimat

e o f numbe r o f FH female s fo

r tw o stud y year s 5-28 4 5.2.7-4 . Whit

e croaker sensitivit y analyse s o f

FH 5-28 4 5.2.7-5 . Whit

e croake r monthl y estimate s o f

PE 5-28 6 5.2. 8 Monkeyfac e prickleback {Cebidichthys violaceus) 5.2.8-1 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainmen

t o f monkeyfac e prickleback

larva e 5-30 5 5.2.8-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjusted entrainment

o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k

larva e 5-30 5 5.2.8-3 . Monkeyfac e prickleback monthly estimate s o f

PE 5-30 6 5.2. 9 Kelpfishe s 5.2.9-1 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f kelpfis h larva

e 5-32 4 5.2.9-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjusted entrainmen

t o f kelpfish larva

e 5-32

4 5.2.9-3 . Kelpfish monthl

y estimate s o f

PE 5-32 5 5.2.1 0 Blackey e gob y {Coryphopterus nicholsi) 5.2.10-1 . Larva

l mortalit y statistic s fo

r thre e sympatri c gobiid s 5-347 5.2.10-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainment

o f blackey e goby larva

e 5-347 5.2.10-3 . Estimate dtota

l annua l adjusted entrainmen

t o f blackey e goby larva

e 5-347 5.2.10-4 . Estimate o f

numbe r o f FH female s fo

r tw o stud y year s 5-34 8 5.2.10-5 . Blackey e goby sensitivit y analyse s o f

FH 5-34 8 5.2.10-6 . Estimat

e o f numbe r of AEL adult s fo r tw o stud y year s 5-35 0 5.2.10-7 . Blackey e gob

y sensitivit

y analyse s of

AEL 5-35 0 5.2.10-8 . Blackey e goby monthl y estimate s o f

PE 5-35 2 5.2.1 1 Flatfishe s (Family Paralichthydae ) 5.2.11-1 . Lif

e tabl e fo r speckle d sandda

b 5-37 8 5.2.11-2 . Estimate dtota

l annua l entrainmen

t o f sanddab s larva

e 5-37 9 5.2.11-3 . Estimate dnumbe r of egg s spawned pe

r season b y speckled sanddab s 5-37 9 5.2.11-4 . Estimat

e o f numbe r of FH female s fo

r tw o stud y year s 5-38 0 5.2.11-5 . Sandda

b sensitivit

y analyse s o f

FH. 5-38 1 5.2.11-6 . Estimat

e o f numbe r of AEL adult s fo r tw o stud y year s 5-38 2 5.2.11-7 . Sandda

b sensitivit

y analyse s o

f AEL 5-38 2 5.2.11-8 . Sandda

b monthl y estimate s of

PE 5-38 5 5.2.11-9 . Averag e spaw

n pe r female Californi ahalibut

5-38 6 5.2.11-10 . Mortalit

y rate s fo r juvenil e Californi ahalibut 5-38 6 5.2.11-11 . Estimatedtota

l annua l entrainmen

t of sanddab s larva

e 5-38 7 TENER A E9-055. 0 vFina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1.200 0P.2 0 Lis t o f Table s (continued ) Sectio n an

d Tabl e Numbe r Pag e 5.2.11-12 . Estimate dtotal annua l adjusted entrainment

o f sanddab s larva

e 5-38 7 5.2.11-13 . Californi ahalibu t monthly estimate s o f

PE 5-38 8 6. 0 EVALUATIO N O F ALTERNATIV E INTAK E TECHNOLOGIE S 6- 1 Listin g ofth e alternativ e technologie s evaluate d 6-2 9 6- 2 Estimate dequivalent

adults , month s o f

pea k density , an

d evaluatio n o f susceptibilit

y t o entrainment

fo r targe t cra b and fish tax a6-3 0 

# i LIS T O F TABLES f



# 1 I I I I I I 

# I i i i I i i i i TENERA E9-055. 0 v i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.2 1 

# 1 I t 1 1 I I I I I I f 1 I I i i i Lis t o f Figure s 

# LIS T O F FIGURE S Section an

d Figure Numbe r . Page 1. 0 EXECUTIV E SUMMAR Y 2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N 3. 0 BACKGROUN D 3- 1 Locatio n o f

Diabl o Canyo

n Powe r Plan t 3- 9 3- 2 Cross-sectio n diagra

mo f DCP P intak e structure 3-1 0 3- 3 DCP P daily coolin g wate

r flo w - Octobe

r 1996-Jun e 1999 3-1 1 3-4 Uni t 1 travelin g scree

n assemblie s 3-1 2 3- 5 Bathymetr

y o f nearshor e region between Poin

t Buchon an

d Poin t Sa n Lui s 3-1 3 3- 6 DCP P windan dwate r curren t pattern s Octobe

r 199 6 through Jun e 1999 3-1 4 3- 7 Mea n monthly ambien

t subtida l seawate r temperature s 3-1 5 4. 0 METHOD S 4- 1 Diagra

mo f DCP P Powe r Plant , Intak

e Cov e an d Entrainmen

t Sampling Location s 4-4 2 4- 2 Cross-sectio n view ofth e intak e structur e illustratin g th e location ofth e entrainment

samplin g site s 4-4 3 4- 3 DCP P 316(b ) surve

y grid an d dept h contour s 4-44 4- 4 A n exampl e ofth e "ping-pong " samplin g trac k employed i

n gri d cell sampling..:... . 4-4 5 4- 5 Diagra

mo f DCP P Intak e Cove surfac e plankto n to w samplin g to w samplin g location s 4-4 6 4- 6 Summar

y o f entrainment , stud

y grid , an d Intak e Cove surfac e to w sampl e collectio n an

dlaborator

y processin g an

d analysi s period s 4-4 7 4- 7 Tw o approache s fo

r calculatin g P s based o

n wate r curren t measurement s 4-4 8 4- 8 Cumulativ e upcoast/downcoas t an d onshore/offshor

e movemen

t o f wate r a t the DCP P current mete r 4-4 9 5. 0 RESULT S 5. 1 Overvie w 5.1-1 . Weekl

y mea n entrainmen

t densitie s o f

re d se aurchin s an

d purpl e se aurchin s 5-1 7 5.1-2 . Coolin g wate

r pum p (CWP) daily wate

r flow a t Diabl o Canyo

n (1985-1986) . 5-1 8 5.1-3 . Compariso n offis h abundanc e an d weigh t fo r impingemen

t a t DCP P 5-1 9 5. 2 Target

Tax aEffects Assessmen

t 5.2. 1 Cancer

crab s 5.2.1-1 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f brow n roc k cra b zoe aan d megalop s larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-4 8 5.2.1-2 . Monthly mea

n densit y o f brow n roc k cra b megalop s larva

e i n th e stud y gri d5-5 1 5.2.1-3 . Tota

l annua l entrainmen

t mortalit y o f brow n roc k cra b megalop s larva

e a s afunctio

n ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-5 5

TENER A E9-055. 0 vi i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0Lis t o f Figure s (continued ) Sectio n an

d Figure Numbe r Pag e 5.2.1-4 . Rock

cra b landing s fro

mport s o f

Avil aan d Morr o Ba y 5-5 6 5.2.1-5 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f slende r cra b zoe aan d megalop s larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-5 7 5.2.1-6 . Monthl y mea

n densit y o f slende r cra b megalop s larva

e i n th e stud y gri d5-6 0 5.2.1-7 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f slender cra b meaglop s larva

e a s afunction o f

di e reciproca

l ofth e fractio n ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-6

4 5.2. 2 Pacifi c sardin e {Sardinops sagax) 5.2.2-1 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f sardin e larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-8 5 5.2.2-2 . Monthl y mea

n densit y o f sardin e larvae i

n th e stud y gri d 5-8 6 5.2.2-3 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

sardin e larva

e fro mall entrainment

sample s 5-9 0 5.2.2-4 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

sardin e larva

e fro mpaire d entrainment

an d stud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-9 1 5.2.2-5 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f sardine s larva

e fromweekly Intak

e Cov e plankto n tows.... . 5-9 2 5.2.2-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f sardin e larvae a s afunction ofth e reciprocal ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-9 3 5.2.2-7 . PFM C management are acontainin g th e spawnin g populatio n ofth e Pacifi c sardin e 5-9 5 5.2. 3 Norther

n anchov y {Engraulis mordax) 5.2.3-1 . Commercia

l landing s o f

norther n anchovy a

t th e port s i

n th e Morr

o Ba y are a5-11 3 5.2.3-2 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f norther n anchovy larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-11 4 5.2.3-3 . Monthl y mea

n densit y o f norther n anchovy larva

e i n th e stud y gri d 5-11 5 5.2.3-4 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

norther n anchovy larva

e fro mal l entrainment sample s 5-11 9 5.2.3-5 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

norther n anchovy larvae fro

mpaire d entrainment an dstud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-12 0 5.2.3-6 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f norther n anchovy larva

e fro mweekly Intak

e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-12 1 5.2.3-7 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f norther n anchovy larva

e a s a function ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-12 2 5.2.3-8 . PFM C managemen t are acontainin g th e spawnin g biomas s ofth e centra l subpopulatio n o f

norther n anchovy 5-12 4 5.2. 4 Rockfishe s (Famil y Scorpaenidae ) 5.2.4-1 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f KG B rockfis h comple x larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-17 3 5.2.4-2 . Monthly mea

n densit y o f KG B rockfis h comple x larva

e i n th e stud y gri d'. 5-17 4 5.2.4-3 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

KG B rockfis h comple x larva

e fro mall entrainment sample s 5-17 8 TENERA E9-055. 0 vii i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0

# I i List of Figure s 

# LIS T O F FIGURE S

(continued ) Sectio n an

d Figur e Numbe r Pag e 5.2.4-4 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

KG B rockfish complex larva

e fro mpaire d entrainmen

t an d stud y grid surve

y sample s 5-17 9 5.2.4-5 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f KG B rockfish complex larva

e fro mweekl y Intak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-18 0 5.2.4-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f KG B rockfis h complex larva

e a s a functio n ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-18 1 5.2.4-7 . Yearl

y abundanc e o f

KG B rockfish complex measure d b y tw o independen

t method s 5-18 3 5.2.4-8 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f blu e rockfish complex larva e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-18 4 5.2.4-9 . Monthl

y mea n densitie s o f

blue rockfish complex larva e i n th e stud y grid 5-18 5 5.2.4-10 . Lengt

h frequency o f

blu e rockfish complex larva e fro mall entrainmen

t sample s 5-18 9 5.2.4-11 . Lengt

h frequency o f

blu e rockfish complex larva e fro mpaire d entrainment

an d stud y gri d surve

y sample s 5-19 0 5.2.4-12 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f blu e rockfish complex larva e fromweekly Intak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-19 1 5.2.4-13 . Tota

l annua l entrainmen

t mortalit y o f blu e rockfis h complex larva e a s a functio n ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-19 2 5.2.4-14 . Yearl

y abundanc e o f

blu e rockfish complex measure d b y tw o independen

t method s 5-194 5.2. 5 Painte dgreenlin g {Oxylebiuspictus) 5.2.5-1 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f painted greenlin g larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-20

4 5.2.5-2 . Monthl

y mea n densit y o f painted greenlin g larva

e i n th e stud y gri d 5-20 5 5.2.5-3 . Lengt

h frequency of

painted greenlin g larva

e fro mall entrainmen

t sample s 5-20 9 5.2.5-4 . Lengt

h frequency o f

painte d greenlin g larva

e fro mpaire d entrainmen

t an dstud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-21 0 5.2.5-5 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f painted greenlin g larva

e fro mIntak e Cove plankto n tow s 5-21 1 5.2.5-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainmen

t mortalit y o f painte d greenlin g larva

e a s afunctio

n ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fractio

n ofth e populatio n a

t ris k 5-21 2 5.2.5-7 . Mea

n numbe r of painted greenlin g observed alon g subtida l benthi c transect s 5-21 4 5.2. 6 Sculpin s (Family Cottidae ) 5.2.6-1 . Weekl

y mea n densit y of smoothhea

d sculpin larva

e a t th e DCP P intake... . 5-24 2 5.2.6-2 . Monthl

y mea n densit y o f smoothhea

d sculpi n larva

e i n th e stud y gri d 5-24 3 5.2.6-3 . Lengt

h frequency o f

smoothhea

d sculpin larva

e fro mall entrainmen

t sample s 5-247 5.2.6-4 . Lengt

h frequency of

smoothhea

d sculpin larva

e fro mpaire d entrainmen

t an dstud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-24 8

TENER A E9-055. 0 i x Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0Lis t of Figure s 

# LIS T O F FIGURE S

(continued ) Sectio n an

d Figur e Numbe r Pag e 5.2.6-5 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f smoothhea

d sculpi n larva

e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-24 9 5.2.6-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f smoothhea

d sculpi n larvae a s a functio n ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-25 0 5.2.6-7 . Mea

n numbe r o f Cottidae observe d alon g subtida l benthi c transect s 5-25 2 5.2.6-8 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f snubnos e sculpi n larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-25 3 5.2.6-9 . Monthly mea

n densitie s o f

snubnos e sculpi n larvae i

n th e stud y gri d 5-25 4 5.2.6-10 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

snubnos e sculpi n larva

e fro mal l entrainment sample s 5-25 8 5.2.6-11 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

snubnos e sculpi n larva

e fro mpaire d entrainment an dstud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-25 9 5.2.6-12 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f snubnos e sculpi n larva

e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-260 5.2.6-13 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f snubnos e sculpi n larvae a s a function ofth e reciproca

l o f di e fraction o f

di e populatio n a

t ris k 5-26 1 5.2.6-14 . Mea

n numbe r o f snubnos e sculpi n observe d alon g benthi c transect s 5-26 3 5.2.6-15 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f cabezo n larva

e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-26

4 5.2.6-16 . Monthly mea

n densit y o f cabezo n larva

e i n th e stud y gri d 5-26 5 5.2.6-17 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

cabezo n larva

e fro mal l entrainment

sample s 5-26 9 5.2.6-18 . Lengt

h frequency o f

cabezo n larva

e fro mpaire d entrainment

and stud y gri dsurve y sample s 5-27 0 5.2.6-19 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f cabezo n larva

e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-271 . 5.2.6-20 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f cabezo n larva

e a s afunction o f th e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-27 2 5.2.6-21 . Yearly abundanc e o f cabezo n measure d b

y tw o independen

t method s 5-27 4 5.2. 7 Whit

e croake r {Genyonemus lineatus) 5.2.7-1 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f white croaker

larva e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-28 7 5.2.7-2 . Monthl

y mea n densit y o f whit e croake r larva e i n th e stud y gri d 5-28 8 5.2.7-3 . Lengt

h frequency o f

whit e croake r larva e fro mall entrainment

samples... . 5-29 2 5.2.7-4 . Lengt

h frequency o f

white croake

r larva e frompaire d entrainment

an d stud y gri dsurvey sample s 5-29 3 5.2.7-5 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f white croake

r larva e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-294 5.2.7-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f whit e croake r larvae a s afunction ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-29 5 5.2.7-7 . Annua

l commercia

l landing s o f

whit e croake r i n th e Morro Ba

y are a5-29 7 5.2. 8 Monkeyfac e pricklebac k {Cebidichthys violaceus) 5.2.8-1 . Weekl

y mea n densit y o f monkeyfac e prickleback

larva e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-30 7 5.2.8-2 . Monthly mea

n densit y o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k

larvae i n th e stud y gri d5-30 8 TENER A E9-055. 0 X Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0 

# IP.2 5 Lis t o f Figure s 

# LIS T O F FIGURE S

(continued ) Sectio n an d Figur e Numbe r Pag e

5.2.8-3 . Length frequenc y o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k larva e fromal l entrainmen t

sample s 5-31 2 5.2.8-4 . Length frequenc y o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k larva e fro mpaire d entrainmen t

an d stud y gri d surve y sample s 5-31 3 5.2.8-5 . Annua l mea n densit y o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k larva e fro m Intak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-31 4 5.2.8-6 . Tota l annua l entrainmen t mortalit y o f

monkeyfac e pricklebac k larva e a s a functio n ofth e reciproca l ofth e fractio n ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-31 5 5.2.8-7 . Yearl y abundanc e o f monkeyfac e pricklebac k measure d b y tw o independen t

method s 5-31 7 5.2. 9 Kelpfishe s 5.2.9-1 . Weekl y mea n densit y o f kelpfis h larva e a t

th e DCP P intak e 5-32 6 5.2.9-2 . Monthl y mea n densit y o f kelpfis h larva e in th e stud y gri d 5-32 7 5.2.9-3 . Length frequenc y o f kelpfis h larva e fro mal l entrainmen t sample s 5-33 1 5.2.9-4 . Length frequenc y o f kelpfis h larva e fro mpaire d entrainmen t an d stud y gri d surve y sample s 5-33 2 5.2.9-5 . Annua l mea n densit y o f kelpfis h larva e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tows. . 5-33 3 5.2.9-6 . Tota l annua l entrainmen t mortalit y o f

kelpfis h larva e a s afunctio n ofth e reciproca l ofth e fractio n ofth e populatio n at ris k 5-33 4 5.2.9-7 . Mea n numbe r

o f kelpfis h observe d alon g subtida l benthi c transect s 5-33 6 5.2.1 0 Blackey e gob y {Coryphopterus nicholsi) 5.2.10-1 . Weekl y mea n densit y o f blackey e gob y larva e at

th e DCP P intak e 5-35 3 5.2.10-2 . Monthl y mea n densit y o f blackey e gob y larva e in th e stud y gri d 5-35 4 5.2.10-3 . Length frequenc y o f blackey e gob y larva e fro mal l entrainmen t sample s 5-35 8 5.2.10-4 . Length frequenc y o f blackey e gob y larva e frompaire d entrainmen t an dstud y gri dsurve y sample s 5-35 9 5.2.10-5 . Annua l mean densit y o f blackey e gob y larva e fromIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-36 0 5.2.10-6 . Tota l annua l entrainmen t mortalit y o f

blackey e gob y larva e a s a functio n ofth e reciproca l ofth e fractio n ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-36 1 5.2.10-7 . Mea n numbe r

o f blackey e gob y observe d alon g subtida l benthi c transect s 5-36 3 5.2.1 1 Flatfishe s (Famil y Paralichthydae ) 5.2.11-1 . Weekl y mea n densit y o f sandda b larva e at

th e DCP P intak e 5-38 9 5.2.11-2 . Monthl y mea n densit y o f sandda b larva e i

n th e stud y gri d 5-39 0 5.2.11-3 . Lengt h frequenc y o f sandda b larva e fro mal l entrainmen t sample s 5-39 4 5.2.11-4 . Length frequenc y o f sandda b larva e frompaire d entrainmen t an d stud y gri dsurve y sample s 5-39 5 5.2.11-5 . Annua l mea n densit y o f sandda b larva e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-39 6 TENER A E9-055. 0 x i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.2 6 Lis t o f Figure s 

# LIS T O F FIGURE S

(continued ) Sectio n an

d Figure Numbe r Pag e 5.2.11-6 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f sandda b larvae a s afunction ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-39 7 5.2.11-7 . Commercia

l landing s o f

sandda b specie s i n th e Morr

o Ba y are a5-39 9 5.2.11-8 . Weekly mea

n densit y o f Californi ahalibu t

larva e a t th e DCP P intak e 5-400 5.2.11-9 . Monthly mea

n densit y o f Californi ahalibut

larvae i n th e stud y gri d 5-40 1 5.2.11-10 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

Californi ahalibu t

larvae fro mal l entrainment sample s 5-40 5 5.2.11-11 . Lengt

h frequenc y o f

Californi ahalibu t

larvae fro mpaire d entrainment

an d stud y gri d survey sample s 5-40 6 5.2.11-12 . Annua

l mea n densit y o f Californi ahalibu t

larva e fro mIntak e Cov e plankto n tow s 5-407 5.2.11-13 . Tota

l annua l entrainment

mortalit y o f Californi ahalibut

larva e a s a function ofth e reciproca

l ofth e fraction ofth e populatio n a t ris k 5-40 8 5.2.11-14 . Commercia

l landing s o f

Californi ahalibu t

i n th e Morr

o Ba y are a5-410 ' 6. 0 EVALUATIO N O F ALTERNATIV E INTAK E TECHNOLOGIE S 6- 1 Alternativ e intak

e technologie s evaluatio n flow char t 6-3 1 6- 2 Pla n vie w ofth e propose d expansio n ofth e DCP P intak e 6-3 2 6- 3 Sectiona

l vie w ofth e propose d expansio n ofth e DCP P intak e 6-3 3 6- 4 Schemati c drawin g o f potentia l sitin g o f mechanica

l draf t coolin g tower s 6-3 4 6- 5 Schemati c drawin g o f potentia l sitin g o f natura l draf t coolin g tower s 6-3 5 6- 6 Monthly densit

y o f all fish larvae collecte d i

n weekly entrainment survey s conducte dfro

mOct 199 6 t o Se

p 199 8 6-3 6

TENER A E9-055. 0 xi i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1 , 200 0P.2 7 Acknowledgments 

## ACKNOWLEDGMENT S Fis h illustration s include di n thi s documen

t wer e used wit h permissio n fro

mDr . Bo b Lea , Californi aDepartmen

t o f Fis h an dGam e i n Monterey , Californi a(fro mMille r an d Le a1972) , or wer e modifiedfro

mHar t (1973) . Cra

b illustration s wer

e modified fro

mMorri s et

al . (1980) . 

## Lis t o f Preparer s Ja y C . Carroll , M.S . Chri s P . Ehrler , M.S. * t Joh n B . Hedgepeth , Ph.D . Davi d Innis , M.S . Ki mJ . Kubasek,,M.S. , M.Ap.Stat . Edwar d A . Laman , M.S. * t Davi d L . Mayer , Ph.D. * t Joh n Skalski , Ph.D. * t Joh n R . Steinbeck , M.S. * t Benjamin T . Stephens , M.S . JeffW.Tupen,B.S . * Entrainmen

tTechnica

l Wor k Grou p Membe r tTiburo n Resourc e Impac tAssessmen tColloqui a Attende e 

## Entrainment

Technica l Wor k Group (ETWG) Member s Gregor M . Cailliet , Ph.D . t

Mos s Landing Marine Laboratorie s (RWQCB Consultant) Patrici aEckhard

t t Pacifi c Ga s an d Electri c Compan

y Anne Jackson t

Pacifi c Ga s an d Electri c Compan

y Debora h Johnsto n t

Californi aDepartmen t o f Fis h an d Gam e Roge r Nisbet , Ph.D . t

Universit

y of Californi aa

t Sant aBarbara(RWQC B Consultant) Pete r Raimondi , Ph.D . t

Consultan

t to th e Leagu e fo

r Coasta l Protectio n Alla n Stewart-Oaten , Ph.D . t

Universit

y o f Californi aa

t Sant aBarbara(RWQC B Consultant) Roby n Stube r t United State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Michael Thoma s t

Centra

l Coas t Regiona l Wate r Qualit y Contro l Boar

d tTiburon Resourc e Impac tAssessmen tColloqui a Attende e

TENER A E9-055. 0 xii i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.2 8 Acknowledgment s 

### Tiburo n Resourc e Impac t

Assessment

Colloqui aAttendee s Bil l De y Ji m Doyl e Rimmo n Fay , Ph.D . Ca l Gillie s Jef f Haye s Wi m Kimmerer , Ph.D . Melod y Kreime s Stev e Lindley , Ph.D . Valeri e Loeb , Ph.D . Ale c MacCall , Ph.D . Bra d Mahane s Keit h Parke r Pau l Smith , Ph.D . Dav e Sommervill e Applie d Scienc e Associate s (Pacifi c Ga s an d Electri c Compan y consultant ) Pacifi c Ga s an

d Electri c Compan y consultan t Californi a Eart

h Corp s Pacifi c Ga s an

d Electri c Compan y Pacifi c Ga s an

d Electri c Compan y Romberg Tiburon Researc h Cente r Meetin g Facilitato r Independentconsultan t Mos s Landin g Marin e Laboratorie s National Marin e Fisherie s Servic e U.S . Environmental Protectio n Agenc y Dat a Analysi s Group Nationa l Marin e Fisherie s Servic e Pacifi c Ga s an

d Electri c Compan y 

### Taxonomi c an dTechnica

l Consultant s Alle n Andrew s Rick Feeney , Ph.D . Guillerm o Hen-er

a Bil l Isha m Gar y Jorda n Bob Leo s Barbar a MacCal l Gerr y McGowen , Ph.D . Mar y Nishimot o Debora h Od a Daw n Outra m Jeffrey Padua

n Pau l Reill y Laur a Rogers-Bennett , Ph.D . Ji m Round s Wade Smit

h Jaso n Stannar

d Russel l Vetter , Ph.D . Johnso n Wang , Ph.D .

TENERA E9-055. 0 xi v Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.2 9 Acknowledgments 

### Technica l an dSuppor t

Staf f (Tenera ) Mik e Behren s Ji m Blech a Jenn a Borberg Louis a Brav o Wend y Bum s Bessi e Caja

l Lis a Caldero n Ernest o Cali x Crysta l Cienfuego s April Col e Hilar y Corcora

n Juli a Cucinell a Christin a DeMerit

t Melod y DeMerit

t Dan Dugan Barbi e Dugan Kimberl y Dunca

n Pau l Dun n Fran k Fenne r Michell e Fortin Joann a Grebe l Jennife r Hammer Andre w Harmer Susan Helber g Joann a Iwanich a An a Jame s Tom Jone s Be n Kin g Heathe r Knap p Gregor y Kowalk e Joh n Lindse y Rebecc a Makowsk i Dere k Markol f Conni e McBrid e Natali e McKinne y Richar d Mora n Michae l Mos s Christin a Mulle r Armi e Parrill a Jaso n Patterso n Stev e Pengille y Shell y Peter s Eunic e Pierc e Caro l Raifsnide r t Jef f Reinhardt Cathlin Ric e Catherine Salte r Juda h Sanders E d Schuste r Nanc y Siepe l Rya n Silverthom e Kauilee n Smit

h Keit h Speide l Ji m Stramp e ScottTaylo r Dou g Wample r Jacob Williamso n Ear l Wilso n

TENER A E9-055. 0 x v Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 0 Glossar y 

## GLOSSAR

Y O F TERM S AN

D ABBREVIATION S AE I

AEL

ambient AS W BT A

° C CalCOF I compensatio n C V CTD CW P CW S Davidso n Curren

t deme demography densit y dependenc e Advers e Environmenta l Impact : Accordin g t o USEP A (1977) , "advers e aquati c environmenta

l impact s occu

r wheneve r there wil l b e entrainment o r impingement

damag e a s aresul t

ofth e operatio n of aspecifi c coolin g wate r intak e structure . The critica

l questio n i s th e magnitud e o f an y advers e impact. " Adult Equivalent

Loss : Forecast s th e numbe r o f adult s that

woul d hav e resulte dfro

mth e numbe

r o f entraine d larvae , ha

d the y survive d entrainment . Calculate d usin g estimate s o f natura l mortalit y rate s applie dt o variou s lif

e stages . Describe s th e condition s an d factor s tha

t ar e present i n th e natura

l environment . Auxiliar y seawater

pum p supply coolin g water

t o th e safet

y relate d componen t coolin g wate

r hea t exchanger s tha

t maintai n th e operatin g temperature o f

vital plan t equipment . Bes t Technolog y Available : In USEP A regulations , refer s t o intak e technolog y tha

t i s th e bes t

availabl e t o minimiz e AEI . Degree s Centigrad e (o r

Celsius ) Californi aCooperativ e Oceani c Fisherie s Investigation s Th e abilit y of a[fish ] populatio n t o offset , i n whol e o r

part , reduction s i

n number s cause d b

y impact s fromnatura

l and/o r man-induce d stresses . Coefficien t o f variation : A statistica

l quantit y compute d a s th e standar

d eno r o f asampl e divide d b y di e mean . A datarecordin g instrumen t used to measur

e ocea n water conductivit

y [salinity ] an

d temperature a s afunctio

n o f depth . Circulatin g water

pump s supply coolin g water fro mth e Pacifi c Ocea

n to th e condenser s t o condens e exhaus t stea mfro mth e low pressure turbines . Coolin g wate

r system : Include s portion s ofth e DCP P intak e structure , circulatin g water

pumps , conduit

tunnels , condensers , and discharg e stmcture . Northwar dflowing cunen t

alon g th e wester

n U S coast , usually durin g th e fal l an d winter . A loca l populatio n o f

organism s whic

h i s geographicall y isolate d bu t not geneticall y isolate d (i.e. , through larva l dispersal) . Th e stud y o f populatio n statistics ; specifically density , distribution , an d vita l rate s of apopulatio n o f

organisms . Adjustmen t o f vita l rate s (e.g. , fecundity , mortality , somati c growth ) i n respons e t o change s i

n populatio n density ; se e compensation.

TENERA E9-055. 0 xv i Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 1 Glossar y 

## GLOSSAR Y 

# (continued

) ENS O E l Nin o

entrainmen

t ETM ETW G FH

gp m growt h overfishin g impingemen

t k m LaNin a

m m 3 / d MLL W M T Nort h Pacific Gyr

e NPDE S NP V E

l Nino-Souther

n Oscillation : Naturall y occunin g climatologi c an d oceanographi c conditio n consistin g o f anomalou s coolin g an

d warming events . Ocea n warmin g conditio n i

n the easter

n Pacifi c tha

t occur s whe

n trade wind s weake

n ove r th e centra l an d wester n Pacific . Coasta

l upwellin g i s reduce dresultin g i

n widesprea

d decline s i

n nearshor e productivity ; a

n extrem e phas e ofth e ENS O phenomenon . Passag e o f small planktoni c marine lif e throug h th e powe

r plan t CWS . Empirica l Transpor t Model : A mathematica

l mode l tha t estimate s th e tota l annua l probabilit

y o f mortalit y {P M) associate d wit

h entrainmen

t usin g P E estimates . Entrainmen

t Technica l Wor k Grou p Fecundit y Hindcasting : Th

e numbe r o f larva e entraine d ar

e hindcas t to th e numbe r o f egg s b y applyin g mortalit

y estimates ; th e numbe

r o f egg s i s then used t o estimat

e th e numbe

r o f adult female s tha

t would hav e produceddia

t quantit y o f eggs . Gallon s per

minut e (0.003 8 mVmin

) Fishin g pressure tha

t eliminate s youn g fishe s befor e the y ca n spawn , a s i n th e live-fis h fishery . Entrapmen

t o f macroscopi c organism s o

n th e intak e travelin g screens . Kilomete r (0.6 2 miles ) A n oceanographi c phenomenon tha t occur s whe

n trade wind s strengthen ove r th e tropica

l Pacific , increasin g th e amoun t o f cold , nutrien

t ric h wate r brough t t o th e surfac e i

n upwellin g cunents ; generally result s i n hig h primar y productivity ; a

n extrem e phas e ofth e ENSO . Mete r (3.2 8 feet ) Cubi c meter s pe

r da y (measur e of flo w rate ; 264 gallons /

m 3 ) Mea n lowe r lo w water ; th e elevatio n defined a s 0. 0 m(ft ) Metri c ton ; (1,00 0 kg ; 2,20 5 pounds ) Clockwis e gyr

e i n the , nort h Pacific Ocea

n tha t create s asouthwar

d movemen t o f wate r alon g the wester

n coas t ofth e Unite

d State s (i.e. , Californi aCunent) . Nationa l Pollutan t Discharg e Eliminatio n Syste m Net Presen t Valu e o f cash flow : The economi c measur e o f evaluatin g proposedproject s including capita l an d maintenanc e costs , an

d the . cumulativ e los t

revenue , discounte d t o apresent valu e usin g a

n after-ta x discoun t rate . TENER A E9-055. 0 XVI I Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 2 Glossar y 

## GLOSSAR Y 

# (continued) #/m 3 PE

1 M populatio n P.

recruitment overfishin g RWQC B specie s SS T stoc k subpopulatio n surplu s productio n

travelin g screen s USEPA upwellin g Numbe r o f organism s per cubi c mete r o f wate r (densit y o f

organisms ) Proportiona

l Entrainment : A mathematical valu e comparin g di e number o f larvae entraine d t o th e number o f larvae availabl e in th e sourc e wate r body . Tota l annua l mortalit y probabilit

y du e t o entrainment Th e individual s of a give n specie s o r taxo n withi n a define d geographica l area . Th e proportio n o f

di e populatio n o f

inferenc e represente d b y th e number o f larvae in th e stud y grid , (i.e. , number o f larvae a trisk i n di e stud y grid ) / (numbe r o f

larvae i n di e populatio n o f inference) . Instantaneou s rat

e o f increas e Fishin g pressure tha

tlimit s th e amounto f

larvae a populatio n produce s b y takin g primaril y older , more fecun d adults an d leavin g behin d young , les s fecun d individuals . Regiona l Water Qualit

y Control Boar

d (Centra l Coast ) A grou p o f

simila r organism s dia tproduc e fertil e offspring . Se a surfac e temperatur

e A manage d uni tof a fish subpopulatio n availabl e t o a fishery. A group o f

individual s of a specie s whic h interbreed s bu ti s reproductivel y isolate d fro m odie r suc h groups . I n fisheries biology , productio n abov e an d beyon d a

n equilibriu m leve l tha tca n b e harveste d withou tsubstantiall y depletin g a population ; a populatio n i

n equilibrium occur s whe n recmitmen t(o r emigration ) balance s mortalit

y (o r immigration) ; se e compensation. A serie s o f

rotatin g meshe d baskets a tth e intake stmctur e designe d t o remov e materia

l an d debri s i n th e coolin g wate r flow . Unite d State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Offshor e transpor

to f surface waters tha

tresults fro

m stead y northwes t wind s an d cause s cold , deep , nutrient-ric h wate r t o ris e t o th e surface . Instantaneou s mortalit

y rat e

TENER A E9-055. 0 XVII I Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 3 1. 0 Executiv e Summar

y 

## 1.0 EXECUTIV E SUMMAR Y Section 316(b ) ofth e Federa l Wate r Pollution Contro l Act

Amendment s o f

1972 (Clea

n Wate r Act ) require s tha

t Diabl o Canyon Powe

r Plan t (DCPP) coolin g wate

r intak e structur e represent s the best technolog y availabl e (BTA) t o minimiz e advers e environmenta l impact s (AEI ) a s define db y the USEPA . Thi s repor

t provide s information t o th e Centra l Coas t Regiona l Wate r Qualit y Contro l Boar

d(RWQCB ) i

n respons e to th e requirement s i n Section 316(b) . Th

e repor t follow s previou s report s tha t describe d the samplin g desig n an d method s ofth e study , selectio n of targe t taxa , an dformulation s ofth e thre e assessmen t approache s (Tener

a1997 aan

d b ; Tener a 1998a ) fo r approva l b y th e RWQCB . PG&

E als o submitte d tw o preliminar y assessmen

t report s t o the Centra

l Coas t RWQCB , USEPA , an

d the ETW

G (Tenera1999 aan

d b ) tha t provide a comprehensiv e applicatio n ofth e thre e assessmen t approache s t o entrainmen

t effects o n th e selectedtarget

taxa . Entrainmen t Technica l Wor k Grou p Th e Entrainmen

t Technica l Wor k Grou p (ETWG ) wa s assemble d b

y the RWQC

B to assis t their staf f i n reviewin g th e design an

dimplementation ofth e 316(b ) demonstratio n a t DCPP . Th

e ETW G was composedo f

PG& E an d their consultants , RWQC

B an d their consultants , a consultan t t o th e Leagu e fo

r Coasta l Protection , the Californi aDepartmen t of Fis h an d Game , an dUSEPA . The ETW

G assiste di

n developing criteri at o asses s th e effects ofth e DCP P intake . Impingemen t Th e cooling wate

r intak e syste ma t DCP P entrain s an

d impinge s larval , juvenile , an d adul t fishe s an dinvertebrates . Entrainmen t occur s whe

n organism s smalle

r tha n the 0.9 5 c

mmes h ofth e travelin g screen s pas s through the screen s an d ente r the coolin g wate

r system . Impingemen

t occur s whe

n organism s to o larg e t

o pas s throug

h the mes h ar e hel d agains t the screen s b

y the wate r pumpe dthrough the plant . Onc e entrained , larva l mortalit y wa s assumed to b

e 100% . Estimate s of

impingemen

t wer e ver y lo w base d o n areview ofth e 1985-8 6 DCP P impingemen

t

TENER A E9-055. 0 1- 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 4 1. 0 Executiv

e Summar

y stud y (Tenera1988a) . The ETW G determine d tha

t additiona l impingemen

t studie s wer

e no t require da t DCP P becaus e ofth e low level s o f impingement . 

### Assessmen t Approache s Pacific Ga s an

dElectri c (PG&E) an

d it s consultants , i

n cooperatio n wit

h othe r member s ofth e ETWG , employe dthre e populatio n assessmen t approache s t o determin e th e entrainment an d impingemen

t effect s ofth e DCP

P intake . Estimate s o f

entrainmen

t loss , an d th e demographi c datacollecte dfromth e scientifi c literature , wer e used t o parameteriz e tw o demographi c approache s t o estimatin g entrainment effects : Adult

Equivalen

t Los s {AEL) an

d Fecundit

y Hindcasting^FTf) . Th e AEL metho dforecast s th e numbe r o f adult s tha t would hav e survive d fro mth e estimate dnumbe

r o f entraine d larvae , a s i

f the y ha d survive d entrainment , usin g knowledg e o f

mortalit y rate s othe

r tha n fro mentrainment

b y th e powe

r plan t (i.e. , natura

l mortality) . Th e FH

metho di s simila

r excep t tha t th e numbe

r o f larva e entraine d ar e hindcas t

t o th e numbe r o f eggs , an dth e numbe

r o f egg s i s then used t o estimat e th e numbe

r o f femal e adult s tha t wouldhav e produce dthem . A thir dmethod , th e Empirica

l Transpor t Mode l {ETM), estimate s a

n averag e annua

l larva l mortalit y due to entrainment

pe r individua l taxon , usin g estimate s o f

proportiona

l entrainment {PE) tha t compar e th e numbe

r o f larva e entraine d i

n one da y t o th e numbe

r o f availabl e larva

e i n the sourc e wate

r body . Larva

l mortalit y i s calculate d afte

r PE i s weighted b

y the estimate d fractio n ofth e tota

l populatio n affecte

d an d compounde d b

y the time larva

e ar e susceptibl e to entrainment . Dat

acollecte ddurin g the stud

y perio d fro

macunen t

mete r located offshor

e o f DCP P wa s usedto estimate thi s fraction ( P s ) usin g either alongshor e cunent s (fo

r nearshor e species ) or bot h alongshore an

donshor e cunent s (for

thos e mor

e widel y distribute d species) . 

### Targe t Organis m Selectio n Th e ETW G selecte dth e organism s targete d fo r study : larva

l fishes , Cancer

spp . cra b zoe aan d megalop s larvae , an

dmetamorphosin g larva

l an d juvenil e Strongylocentrotus spp . se aurchins . The individua

l tax awer e chose n based o n ase t o f criteri afollowing USEP

A Draf t Guideline s
TENER A E9-055. 0 1-2 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 01. 0 Executiv e Summar y

(USEP A 1977 ) an

ddescribe di

n Tener a(1997b) , tha

t included constraint s impose d b y the availabilit y of dat at o estimat

e population-level effects . Sixtee n target tax awer e identifiedfo

r assessmen

t o f entrainmen

t effects using criteri abase

do n USEP A guidanc e o

n 316(b ) studies , an

d recommendation s ofth e ETW G an d othe r experts : Brow n roc k cra b Slende r cra b Pacific sardin e Norther n anchovy Blue rockfish complex KG B rockfish complex Paintedgreenlin g Smoothhea

dsculpin Snubnos e sculpin Cabezon Whit e croake r Monkeyfac e prickleback Clini d kelpfishe s Blackey e goby Sanddab s Californi ahalibu

t 

### Samplin g Entrainmen

t an dstud y gridsamplin g provided datafo r estimatin g entrainmen

t abundanc e an

d abundanc e i

n the nearshor

e are adefine

d b y astud y grid centere d o

n the DCP P intake . Collectio n ofth e DCP

P entrainmen

t sample s too

k plac e onc e pe

r wee k fro mfou r permanently moore

d samplin g station s locateddirectly i n fron t ofth e intak

e structure . Th

e stud y grid containe d 6

4 sampling cell s i

n a n eigh t cell b y eigh t cell patter n an d extended adistanc e o f

17. 4 k malongshor

e (8. 7 k mt o th e nort

h an dsouth ) an

d a n averag e distanc e o f

3. 0 k moffshore . Th e sampling survey s wer

e conducted during 1996-199 9 an d divide d int

o annua l period s fo

r analyses . Wher

e i t wa s possible , th e estimate s of annua l entrainmen

t wer e scaled to bette

r represen t long-ter mtrend s fo

r ataxon b y using datafro

msurfac e plankton tow s collecte d a t the mout h ofth e DCP

P Intak e Cove startin g i

n 1990 . Th

e analysi s period s provided tw o annua l estimate s fo

r comparin g FH

an dAEL an d tw o year s o f

paired entrainmen

t an d stud y grid surve

y fo r comparing annua

l estimate s of

larva l mortalit y P AI using ETM.

TENER A E9-055. 0 1-3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 6 1. 0 Executiv

e Summar

y 

### Result s o f Assessmen t Variatio n o f

FH an dAEL estimate s betwee

n th e year s 1996-9 7 an

d 1997-9 8 appeare d t o b e taxon-specific , bu

t wa s likely als o influenced b y th e E l Nin o even

t tha t occune d alon g th e centra l Californi acoas t

durin g th e fall , winter , an

d sprin g season s o f

1997-98 . Fo

r example , estimate s of

FH an d AEL fo r bot h Pacifi c sardin e an

d norther n anchovy increase d markedly betwee n th e first an dsecondyea

r ofth e study . The spawnin g biomas s fo r bot h of thes e specie s i s typicall y centere dsout

h o f Poin t Conception , an

d wa s likely displace d northwar d wit h th e north

flowing E

l Nin o cunent s presen

t i n the secon

d year . Whit

e croake r FH an d AEL als o appeare d to increas e slightly , which ma y als o b e du e to additiona

l transpor t northwar d durin g th e E

l Nin o year . Othe r specie s appeare dt o b e somewha t les s affected b

y E l Nino-relate d transpor

t sinc e FH an dAEL remaine drelativel y constan t or changed only slightly betwee n year s (e.g. , KG

B rockfishes , blu e rockfis h complex , blackey e goby , an d sanddabs) . Thes e fishe s probably hav e mor e localize dspawnin g population s tha t wer e les s affected b

y th e E l Nin o event . Fo r som e taxa , multipl e assessmen

t method s wer

e applie d to aknow

n referenc e populatio n or

to fisher y harves t data . Fo r othe r taxa , assessmen

t o f impact s wa s limited to reportin g th e numbe r o f individual s los t

t o th e population , o

r t o amortalit

y estimat e tha t wa s specifi c to a

n are awher

e there i s littl e knowledg e ofth e adul t populatio n size . Fo

r example , demographi c datao n eg g an d larva l mortalit y fo r blackey e goby allowed th e applicatio n o f multipl e assessmen

t approaches , bu t the absenc e ofastoc

k assessmen

t o r fishery datapreclude d acontext fo r th e estimates . Fo r tax awher e all thre e assessmen

t method s wer

e completed , comparison among the result s illustrate dthe usefulnes s ofth e multipl e assessmen t approach . While the rang e an d varianc e o f lif e histor y parameter s an

dpopulatio n estimate s wer e source s of

uncertaint y i n ou r estimates , we determine dou

r area s o f uncertaint y through mode

l comparison . Wher

e bot h FH an d AEL estimate s exist , assumin g a50:5 0 se x rati o an d alignin g th e age s o f

recruitmen

t an d maturation , th e model s wer

e compare ddirectly using the relationship AEL = 2FH presented i

n previou s assessmen t report s (Tenera1999a , b) . The result s fromth e demographi c approache s wer e i n simila r unit s o f either adult female s {FH) o

r adult s {AEL).

TENER A E9-055. 0 1- 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 01. 0 Executiv e Summar

y Th e FH an dAEL mode l estimates , whe n age s wer e aligned , wer e i n clos e agreemen t

for norther n anchovy an dth e blu e rockfis h complex . Result s fo r thes e tax aprovide d assuranc e tha t th e parameter s use di

n th e model s (an d thu s th e assessments ) for thes e tw o tax aar e reasonabl y accurat e for

centra l Californi apopulations . I n th e exampl e ofth e blu e rockfish . th e FH and AEL estimate s wer e use dt o extrapolat e population-leve l effect s an d the n wer e compare d t o local fishery landings . Applyin g th e rang e o f P M estimate s fo r

thi s taxo n (0.001-0.02 ) calculate d usin g alongshor e cunent s an d extrapolatin g densit y offshor e t o thes e sam e fishery dat aprovide d a n estimat e o f

los s t o th e fishery o f

15-29 2 k g o f

whol e fish. Usin g a

n estimat e o f

approximatel y 0. 5 kilogra mpe r

liv e fish, th e percentag e catc h equale d 29-58 4 adul t fish. Thi s estimat e als o agree dwit

h aligne d estimate s of2FH{\ 14-273 ) and AEL (142-353) . Ag e at assessmen t

neede d t o b e considere d whe n interpretin g th e larg e FH estimat e for

brow n roc k crab . Th e estimate d numbe r o f reproductiv e adult s usin g th e FH mode l wa s extrapolate d t o know n fishery-sizedanimal s usin g estimate s o f adul t mortalit y becaus e female s ar e reproductiv e befor e the y ente r

th e fishery . Thi s reduce d th e FH estimat e b y a

n orde r o f magnitude . Assessment s o f

entrainmen t

effect s o n tax atha t

had ver y littl e demographi c informatio n wer e limite dt o ETM

estimates . However , th e availabilit y o f dat ao n population s fromsport o r commercia l fisherie s provide d contex t for assessment s o n som e o f

thes e tax a(e.g. , Californi a halibut , cabezon , an dmonkeyfac e prickleback) . Th e absenc e o f catc h dat ao r

stoc k assessment s for othe r tax alimite dth e abilit y t o asses s entrainmen t effect s o n thei r

population s wit

h an y methodology . Limite dspecies ' lif e histor y informatio n impose d limitation s o n whic h method s coul db e use d t o asses s entrainmen t effect s o n aparticula r

taxon . Tax atha t ar e no t commerciall y o r

recreationall y harveste d wer e primaril y small , nearshor e fishes . A s migh t

b e expecte ddu e t o th e shallo w water , shorelin e locatio n ofth e DCP P intak e structure , severa l o f

thes e tax awer e entraine d i n relativel y hig h numbers , resultin g i n larg e P

AI estimates . Fo r

example , adul t

kelpfishe s tha t

occu r in rocky , nearshor e habita t ha d on e ofth e highes t P M estimate s (ca . 30-40%) . Othe r tax awit h nearshor e distributions , includin g smoothhea dsculpin , snubnos e sculpin , an d monkeyfac e prickleback , als o had relativel y larg e

TENER A E9-055. 0 1- 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1 , 200 0P.3 8 1. 0 Executiv

e Summar

y P SI estimates . Thei

r greates t larva l abundanc e occune d i

n the cell s closes t

t o shor e i n th e stud y grid ; adistributio n tha

t wa s consistent

wit h thei r adult distributions . Estimate s of

P KI fo r som e ofth e specie s tha

t hav e broade

r adult distribution s (e.g. , blackey e gob y an dCaliforni ahalibut) wer

e als o high . Blackey e goby larva e (P A / ca . 20%) , distribute d throughout

th e survey grid , als o occune d a s adult s fro mth e intertida

l zone out to depth s of

30m . Th e hig h P SI fo r blackey e goby , i

n part , ma y have resulte d fro

mth e hig h densit y o f adult s directl y i n fron t ofth e intak

e structure . Although Californi ahalibut P AI estimate s wer

e high , particularl y durin g the Jul y 1998-Jun e 199 9 period , th e estimate s ar e based o n alimite d numbe

r o f larvae . Although lo

w i n abundanc e i

n entrainmen

t Californi ahalibut

wa s included i

n the lis t o f targe t tax abecaus e ofit s spor

t an d commercia

l fisher y importance . Estimate s o f

P AI fo r specie s wit

h mor e widespread , pelagi c larva e (e.g. , Pacific sardin e an

d norther n anchovy ) wer

e low . Impact s o

n commercially an

d recreationall y harveste d specie s wit h subtida l or pelagi c distribution s wer

e minimal . Fo

r case s wher

e all thre e assessmen

t approache s wer e applied , the effect s detecte dwer e relatively small , appeare d t o b e localized , an d thu s woul

d no t affect th e overall adul t

populations . Thes e conclusion s wer e supporte d b

y result s fo

r tax a suc h a s KG B rockfishe s wher

e th e estimate d lo

w level s o f

entrainment

effect s wer

e conoborate d b y corollar y datatha t showedno consequen

t adult abundanc e or

larva l productio n decreases . Severa l small , nearshor

e fishe s wer

e included i

n the assessmen

t becaus e o f

their hig h abundanc e i n entrainmen

t samples . Ther

e wa s ver y littl e availabl e information describin g the demograph y o f thes e tax awhic

h limite dth e applicabl e assessmen t approache s to ETM. Th

e ETM result s showedtha

t entrainmen

t couldremov e ove

r 10% ofth e annua

l larva l productio n o f

severa l o f thes e nearshor

e an dintertida l tax ai n a n are afro mone to eigh

t time s th e stud

y grid are a (5 2 km2 ) . I

n som e o f thes e cases , corollar

y dataindicate d tha

t entrainment

only removed surplu s productio n sinc e ther

e wer e no apparen

t long-ter mdecline s i

n loca l adult populations , o

r i n the weekly intak

e cov e plankto n tow s conducte d sinc e 1990 . Fo r thos e nearshor

e tax atha t di d no t displa y decreasin g adult

abundance , i

t wa s apparen

t fro mthei r length-frequenc y distribution s tha t they wer e exposedt o entrainment

mortalit y fo r onl y abrie f portio n o f

thei r early

TENER A E9-055. 0 1- 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.3 9 1. 0 Executiv

e Summar

y development . I

n contrast , fo

r kelpfish an

d snubnos e sculpin , whos e adult abundanc e appeared to b e decreasing , the length-frequency distribution s indicatedalonge r exposur e t o entrainment . Th

e combinatio n of

length-frequency analyses , ETM estimates , an

d othe r conoboratin g datasuppor

t th e conclusio n tha

t the loca l subpopulation s o f

mos t nearshor e tax aar e not experiencingjpng

ter mdecline s i

n abundanc e due to entrainment . 

### Conclusio n United State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agency (USEPA) criteri afo r determinin g the exten

t o f advers e environmenta

l impact s (AEI ) focu s o

n population-level effects . The result s presentedi n thi s 316(b ) stud

y provid e the necessar

y assuranc e tha

t the DCP P coolin g wate

r intak e syste mi s no t causin g widesprea

do r long-ter mpopulation-level effects o n th e targe t

taxa . Sinc e DCP

P i s not causin g population-level effects , no consideratio n of alternativ e coolin g wate

r intak e structur e technologie s fo

r minimizin g AE

I i s necessary . However , thi s repor t doe s includ

e a n assessmen t of alternativ e technologie s i

n respons e to arequiremen

t b y th e Centra

l Coas t RWQCB . Th

e conclusion o f

thi s alternativ e technologie s assessmen t i s tha t th e existin g cooling wate r intak e structur e i s th e bes t

technolog y availabl e fo

r DCPP .

TENER A E9-055. 0 1- 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 0



# Blan k Pag eP.4 1 

# i 2. 0 Introductio n 

## 2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N Th e purpos e o f

thi s stud y i s t o determin e ifth e Diabl o Canyo n Powe r Plan t (DCPP ) intak e i s causin g a n advers e environmenta l impac t and , i f so , wha t typ e o f intak e structur e represent s th e bes t technolog y availabl e t o minimiz e tha t impact . Th e result s wil l als o b e use d t o projec t th e long-rang e effect s o n tax awher e estimate s o f thei r population s ar e available . Th e estimate s o f entrainmen t

an d impingemen t

effect s o n targe t

tax apresente d in thi s repor t wil l b e use d i

n recommendin g an y actio n tha t ma y b e require d t o compl y with Sectio n 316(b ) ofth e Federa l Wate r Pollutio n Contro l Ac t

Amendment s o f

197 2 (Clea n Wate r

Act) . 

## 2. 1 USEPA Sectio n 316(b ) Backgroun d Sectio n 316(b ) ofth e Clea n Wate r Ac t regulate s coolin g wate r

intak e stmcture s an d require s tha t "th e location , design , construction , an d capacit y o f coolin g wate r

intak e structure s reflec t

th e bes t technolog y availabl e [BTA ] fo r minimizin g advers e environmenta l impac t [AEI]. " Althoug h th e EP A attempte d t o establis h regulation s in th e mid-1970s , thes e mle s wer e se t asid e b y th e court s o n procedura l grounds . A s aresul t ther e ar e cunentl y n o regulation s in effec t fo r implementin g Sectio n 316(b) . T o date , USEP A ha s no t

reissue d Sectio n 316(b ) regulation s and , instead , ha s allowe d stat e an d federa l permi t

writer s t o implemen t

Sectio n 316(b ) o n acase-by-cas e basis . T o mak e Sectio n 316(b ) decisions , permi t

writer s hav e relie d o n othe r case s an d o n USEPA' s (1977 ) informal draf t "Guidanc e for

Evaluatin g th e Advers e Impac t o f Coolin g Wate r

Intak e Structure s o n th e Aquati c Environment : Sectio n 316(b ) P.L . 92-500. " I n California , th e Stat e Wate r Resource s Contro l Board (SWRCB ) an d th e Regiona l Wate r Qualit y Contro l Board s (RWQCB ) ar e authorize d t o implemen t th e Sectio n 316(b ) requirement . In th e cas e o f

DCPP , th e permi t

applican t i s obligate d t o provid e th e Centra l Coas t RWQC B with

TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 2 2. 0 Introductio n th e "bes t information reasonabl y available" 1 to assis t i t i n fulfilling it s decision-makin g responsibility . A s i s clea r fro mth e statute , th e permi t

writer mus t conside r tw o basi c issue s i

n makin g afinding tha t a n intak e technolog y meet s BT

A criteri afo

r minimizin g AEI : 1 . Whethe

r or no t a n AE I i s cause d b

y th e intak e and , i f so , 2 . Wha t intak e stmcture represent s BT

A to minimiz e tha

t impact . The usua l approach fo

r a316(b ) demonstratio n i s t o conside r th e questio n o f

BT A only if a determinatio n ha s bee

n mad e tha t afacilit y i s causin g a

n AEI . However , i

n respons e t o a requirement

fro mth e Centra

l Coas t RWQCB , PG&

E i s providin g a

n alternativ e technolog y assessment

a s apar t o f thi s demonstratio n repor

t (Sectio n 6 ) an

d discusse s BT

A i n Sectio n 7 o f thi s report , eve

n thoug h adeterminatio n o f AE I ha s not bee n made . 

### 2.1.1 Adverse

Environmental

Impact (AEI) Standard Sinc e there ar

e n o regulation s definin g AEI , permi t decision s mus t

b e based o

n th e USEPA' s long-standin g AE

I interpretation s an

d previou s 316(b ) decisions . I n severa l guidanc e document s issuedsinc e th e 1970's , th e USEP A ha s indicate d tha

t assessment

o f AE I shoul d b e based o

n a n evaluatio n o f

populatio n level effects , no t jus t losse s o f individua l organisms . I

n it s 197 5 Draf

t BT A Guidelines , th e USEP

A state dtha

t "[ajdvers e environmenta

l impact s occu

r whe n th e ecologica l function ofth e organism(s ) o f concer n i s impaire d or

reduce d to aleve

l whic h preclude s maintenanc e o f

existin g populations....". 2 Additionally , i n th e 197 6 Developmen

t Document , release di

n conjunctio n wit

h th e EPA' s previou s Sectio n 316(b ) mles , th e USEP A sai dtha t "[t]h e majo

r impact s relate d to coolin g wate r us e ar e thos e affectin g th e aquati c ecosystems . Seriou s concern s are wit h populatio n effect s that...ma y interfer e wit h th e

' Bosto n Ediso n Compan y (Pilgri mStation) , Cas

e No . 78- 7 (Ma y 3 1978) . : USEPA , Draf t Guidelines t

o Determin e Bes t Availabl e Technolog

y fo r th e Location, Design, Construction , an

dCapacit y o f Coolin g Wate r Intak e Structures fo

r Minimizin g Advers e Environmenta

l Impac t Sectio n 316(b) P.L . 92-50

0 (Decembe

r 5 , 1975) , p 8 . TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 2 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 3 2. 0 Introductio n maintenanc e o r

establishmen t

o f optimu myield s t o spor t

o r commercia l fish an d shellfish , decreas e population s o f

endangere d organisms , an d seriousl y dismp t sensitiv e ecosystems." 3 Th e EP A ha s looke dt o populatio n leve l effect s in evaluatin g AE I in specifi c permi t decisions . On e suc h exampl e wa s i n adecisio n o n Seabroo k Powe r Statio n in Ne w Hampshire . I n Seabroo k

I . th e Administrato r

determine d tha t

th e estimate d los s o f

10 0 billio n Mya cla mlarva e throug h entrainmen t

woul dno t

hav e a"significan t

effect " o n th e loca l cla mpopulation. 4 O n remand , th e USEP A Administrato r

in Seabroo k

I I determine d tha t

entrainmen t

mortalit y woul d no t

hav e a n advers e impac t

o n abundanc e an d distributio n o f plankto n "eve n thoug h th e tota l biomass.. . kille d ma y amoun t t o hundred s o r

thousand s o f

ton s pe r year. " H e cite d th e abilit y o f clam s t o reproduc e rapidly , thei r wid e distributio n in th e are abeyon d th e immediat e vicinit y o f th e plant , an d thei r

transien t nature. 5 Upo n revie w ofth e Seabroo k I I decision , acircui t

cour t uphel dth e Administrator' s decisio n an d indicate d tha t th e issu e i n assessin g AE I i s whethe r intak e losse s woul d "affec t th e abilit y [offis h species ] t o propagat e an d survive." 6 

### 2.1.2 Best Technology

Available

(BTA) Standard Th e secon dissu e t o b e considere d in makin g aSectio n 316(b ) decisio n i s whethe r th e existin g intak e structur e represent s BT A t o minimiz e advers e environmenta l impact s i f the y ar e occurring . Determinatio n o f BT A fo r an y coolin g wate r

intak e require s

• consideratio n ofth e technica l an d engineerin g feasibilit y o f alternativ e intak e technologies ,

3 Developmen

t Documen t fo r Bes t Technology Availabl e fo

r th e Location , Design , Construction , an d Capacit y of Cooling Wate

r Intak e Structure s o

n the Aquati c Environment : Section 316(b) . (197 6 Developmen

t Document

) USEP A Eflluen t Guideline s Division , Offic

e of Wate r an d Hazard s Materials , Apri l 1976 . 4 I n th e Matte

r o f Public Servic e Co . of

Ne w Hampshire : Seabroo

k Station I and II , NPDE S Appea l No . 76- 7 (Decision ofth e Administrator , June 10 , 1977 ) (Seabroo k I) . 5 I n the Matte

r of Public Servic e Co . of

Ne w Hampshire , e

t al. : Seabroo

k I an d II . NPDE S Penni t Applicatio n No . NH002033 8 Cas e No . 76- 7 (Decision o n Reman d August 4 , 197 8 Seabroo

k II) . 6 Seacoas t Anti-Pollutio n League v . Costle , 59 7 F.2 d 306,309,31 1 (1 " Cir . 1979) . TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 4 2. 0 Introductio n

• th e potentia

l fo r a n intak e technolog y t o reduc e or

eliminat e th e "advers e environmenta l impact, "

• th e potentia

l fo r th e technolog y t o produc e othe r environmenta

l impact s reducin g it s ne

t benefit , an d

• th e cos t

ofth e technolog y i

n relatio n t o it s potentia

l environmenta

l benefits . Althoug h n o referenc e t o cos t i s mad e i n Sectio n 316(b) , legislativ e histor y suggest s tha

t Congres s intende dtha

t cost s b e considere d i

n 316(b ) determinations . Specifically , astatement b y th e spokesma

n fo r th e Hous e Conferee s indicate s tha t Congres s intende d th e "bes t technolog y available " t o b e interprete dt o mea n th e "bes t

technolog y availabl e commerciall y a t a n economicall y practicabl e cost." 7 Additionally , i n respondin g t o comment s durin g th e drafting o f it s 197 7 Draf

t Guidance , th e USEP

A sai d tha t BT A i s th e technolog y or

group o f technologie s tha t minimiz e advers e impact s t o th e greates t possibl e degre e a

t acos t tha t i s no t "wholl y disproportionate " t o th e environmenta l benefits . Thi s standar

d wa s als o applie d b

y th e USEP

A Regiona l Administrato r

i n th e Pilgrimdecisio n tha

t states , " adecisio n regardin g th e require d degre e o f minimizatio n call s fo

r adeterminatio n tha

t di e cost s involved ar

e no t wholl y out

o f proportio n t o th e advers e environmenta l impac t bein g avoided." 8 

### 2.1.3 Status of Future 316(b) Regulations Cunently , th e USEP

A i s developin g regulation s fo r implementin g Section 316(b ) ofth e Clea n Wate r Act . Thi s effor

t i s th e result

of a199 3 lawsuit

brough t b y th e Hudson Riverkeepe

r an d severa l environmenta

l group s allegin g tha

t th e USEP A ha d failed t o perfor

ma"non

discretionar

y duty " t o promulgat

e Sectio n 316(b ) regulations. 9 I n it s effor t t o draf t thes e

7 18 8 Cong . Rec . H 913 0 (dail

y ed . Oct. 4 , 1972

) (remark s o f Congressma

n Clausen) . 8 "Determinatio

n Regardin g Issuanc e o f Propose d NPDE S Permi t No . M A 0025135" , date

d Marc h 11 , 1977 , regardin

g Bosto n Edison' s Pilgri

mUnit s 1 an d 2 . 9 Croni n v . Browner

, 89 8 F . Supp . 1052, 106

3 (S.D.N.Y . 1995) . TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 02. 0 Introductio n

regulations , th e USEP

A ha s heldsevera

l publi c meeting s t o obtain inpu t fro mintereste d partie s an dha s als o requeste dsom

e facilitie s t o respond t o questionnaire s to provide datatha t th e USEP A deem s relevant . A s aresult ofasettlement

agreemen t reached b y th e USEP

A an d th e Hudson Riverkeepe

r plaintiffs , the USEP

A wil l issu e final 316(b ) regulation s by Augus t 2001 . However , th e USEP

A recently requeste d fro

mth e cour

t tha t they b e give

n atime extensio n an

d allowe dt o bifurcat

e th e regulations . If

di e reques t

i s granted , th e USEP

A would issu e final regulation s fo

r new facilitie s by Ma

y 200 2 an d presumably les s stringen

t regulation s fo

r existin g facilitie s by Apri l 2004 . 

## 2. 2 DCP P Stud y Developmen t Proces s The Centra

l Coas t RWQCB assemble d atea

mo f expert s t o assis t

thei r staf f i n reviewin g th e desig n an dimplementatio n o f

th e 316(b ) demonstratio n a t DCPP . Thi s team , th e Entrainment Technica l Wor k Group (ETWG) , ha s me

t periodicall y sinc e 199 6 t o discus s topic s relevant t o assessin g entrainment

an dimpingemen

t effect s a t DCPP . Th

e ETW G approve d th e desig n fo

r th e DCP P 316(b ) demonstration , including th e selectio n o f di e organism s targete d fo

r stud y (larva l fishes , Cancer

spp . crabs , an

dmetamorphosin g an

d juvenil e Strongylocentrotus spp . se a urchins) . The individua

l tax awer e chose n by th e ETW

G fo r assessmen

t based o n criteri aagree d to an ddescribe db

y Tener a(1997b ) tha

t include d th e statistica

l qualitie s ofth e dat afo

r atax a an dth e availabilit

y o f suitabl e life-histor

y information to mee

t assessmen

t mode l requirements . Thes e criteri awere , i

n turn , basedo

n criteri adescribe d i

n USEP A Draf t Guideline s (USEP

A 1977) . Th e ETW

G an dth e RWQCB' s consultant s will presen t their fina l recommendation s regardin g th e 316(b ) demonstratio n stud y fo r consideratio n b

y the Centra

l Coas t RWQC B a t their Jul y 14 , 200 0 meeting . Severa l approache s t o assessmen

t wer e develope d b

y PG&E , it s consultants , an d additiona

l member s ofth e Entrainmen t Technica l Wor k Grou p (ETWG) . Thes e assessmen t approache s ar

e fecundit y hindcastin g {FH. Ale c MacCall , NOAA/NMFS , Tiburon Laboratory , pers . comm. ; Tener a1998a) , adult

equivalen t los s {AEL: Hors t

1975 ; Goodyea

r 1978) , an d empirica l transpor t modelin g {ETM: Borema

n e t al . 1978 , 1981) . Previou s report s submitted to th e ETW G fo r
TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 6 2. 0 Introductio n review an dapprova l detaile dth e samplin g desig n and method s ofth e study , selectio n o f targe t taxa , an dformulation s ofth e thre e assessmen t method s (Tenera1997a ; Tenera1997b ; Tener a 1998a) . Tw o preliminar

y assessment

report s wer

e als o presente d usin g thes e thre e approaches . Th e first (Tenera1999a

) presente da

n assessmen

t fo r thre e ofth e targe t

fish tax afo

r th e perio d Jul y 1997 through Jun e 1998 , whil e th e second presente d result s fo r all 1 6 targe t

tax a(crab s an

d fishes ) fo r th e same on e yea

r perio d(Tenera1999b) . Result s i n thes e report s demonstrate d ho w availabl e lif

e histor y informatio n coul d b e incorporate d into assessment calculations , wha

t influenc e lif

e histor y informatio n would hav e o n results , an

d how result s ofth e thre e approache s coul db e interprete dtogether . I n thi s report , th e method s ar e described , th e principle s embodie d i n dies e method s ar

e summarized , an

d th e result s ar

e presente d usin g one or

mor e o f thes e assessment

approaches , a s appropriate , fo r th e 1 6 targe t

tax astudied . 

## 2. 3 Standard s fo r Assessmen t Th e USEP A (1977 ) draf

t guideline s acknowledg e tha t th e determinatio n ofth e extent o f AE I whe n i t i s occunin g i s difficult

t o assess . They state : Adverse aquatic environmental impacts occur

whenever

there will

be entrainment

or impingement

damage as a result

ofthe operation ofa specific cooling water

intake structure. The critical question is the magnitude of any • adverse impact. The exact point at which adverse aquatic impact occurs at any given plant

site or water body segment

is highly speculative and can only be estimated on a case-by-case basis... I n ligh t o f thes e obviou s difficulties , th e documen t (USEP A 1977 ) als o provide s som e genera l guideline s fo

r determinin g th e extent

o f AEI . Thes e involv e determinin g th e "relativ e biologica l valu e ofth e sourc e wate

r bod y zon e o f influenc e fo

r selecte d specie s an

d determinin g th e potentia l fo r damag e b y th e intak

e stmcture " base d o

n th e following consideration s ofth e valu e of agiven are at o aparticula r species :

• principa

l spawning (breeding ) ground , migrator y pathways , • nurser y or feeding areas , number s o f

individual s present , an

d •

• TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 7 2. 0 Introductio n

• other function s critica

l during th e lif

e history . Following thi s genera

l approach provide d b

y the USEP

A (1977) , additiona

l criteri aca

n b e evaluate dtha

t ar e specifi c t o th e marin e environmen t around Diabl o Canyon , uniqu e t o marine aquati c animals , an

ddirectl y applicabl e to th e presen t 316(b ) entrainmen

t study :

• distributio n (pelagic , subtidal , nearshor e subtida l & intertidal) ;
• range , density , an

d dispersio n o f

population ;
• populatio n cente

r (sourc e or

sink) ;
• magnitude o f

effects ; • long-ter

mabundanc e trend s (e.g. , Intak e Cov e plankto n tows , subtida l fis h observations , fisher

y catc h data) ;
• long-ter

menvironmenta

l trend s (climatologica

l o r oceanographic) ; an d

• lif e histor y strategie s (e.g. , longevit

y an d fecundity) . B y assessin g th e relativ e valu e o f eac h o f thes e criteri afo

r aparticula

r target taxon examine d i

n th e presen t study , w e wil l b e abl e t o bette r asses s th e extent

ofth e impact

tha t th e los s o f

thes e animal s ha s o

n th e loca l environmen

t an d th e populatio n a

t large . 

## 2. 4 Repor

t Organizatio n Sectio n 3 o f

thi s repor t present s abackground o

n th e powe

r plan t an d it s environmenta

l setting . Method s use

dfo r datacollectio n an

d th e formulation o f

eac h assessmen

t model s ar e containe d i

n Sectio n 4 . Sectio n 5 present s th e result s ofth e study , includin g assessment s fo r eac h ofth e target tax aa s separat

e subsections . Tax aar

e organize d i

n phylogeneti c orde

r fro mth e mos t primitiv e t o th e mor

e evolutionaril y advance d species , astandar d for mo f organizatio n i

n scientifi c publications . Eac h taxon' s subsectio n provide s asummar y ofit s demography , entrainmen

t estimates , an

dassessmen

t results . A n evaluatio n o f

alternativ e intak

e technologie s availabl e to minimiz e entrainmen t an d impingemen

t i s presente d i

n Sectio n 6 . A summar

y discussio n of

all result s an

dtheir interpretation s i s provide d i n Sectio n 7 , whic

h i s followed by Sectio n 8 : Conclusions . A listin g ofth e literatur e cite d i s presente d i

n Sectio n 9 . Fourtee

n

TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 8 2. 0 Introductio n appendice s present

previou s reports , result s summar y tables , an

d othe r supportin g information . Thes e appendice s ar

e a s follows : Appendix A : DCP

P 316(b ) Demonstratio n Study : Phas e 1 -Entrainment Stud y Design , I . Samplin g Locatio n Appendix B : DCP

P 316(b ) Demonstratio n Study : Phas e 1 -Entrainment Stud y Design , II . Selectio n o f

Target Organisms , Samplin g Methods , an d Gea r Testin g Appendix C : DCP

P 316(b ) Study : Phas e 3-Samplin g Pla n an d Modellin g Evaluatio n Appendix D : DCP

P 316(b ) Entrainment

Study , Fiel d an

d Laborator

y Procedure s Appendix E : DCP

P 316(b ) Study : Compariso n o f Entrainment

Larva l Densit y i n Paire dSamples : One-vs . Two-net s Appendix F : Estimatin g Tota l Entrainment

Mortalit y usin g th e Deltametho d Appendix G : Numbe

r o f Sample s Collecte d an

d Laborator

y Processe d Appendix H : Estimate dMea n Densit y o f Larvae Collecte d a

t DCP P Appendix I : Estimate dNumbe r o f Target Tax aLarva

e Entraine d pe

r Wee k Appendix J : Result s o f

t-test s an d Kolmogorov-Smirno v test s o n lengt h frequency dat afro

mpaire d entrainment

an d stud y gri d sample s Appendix K : DN

A Analysi s o f

Larva l Sebastes spp . Appendix L : Technologie s tha t d o no t hav e demonstrate d commercia l operabilit

y or reliabilit y a t powe r plant s of ascal e simila

r t o DCP P Appendix M : Technologie s tha t ar e cunentl y availabl e bu

t woul d no t

reduc e impingemen

t or entrainment

t o level s lowe

r tha n observe d a

t DCP P Appendi x N Technologie s an d method s cunentl y availabl e an d proven effectiv e a t facilitie s ofth e sam

e siz e a s DCP

P but determine d t o no t

b e effectiv e a t DCP P

TENER A E9-055. 0 2- 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.4 9 3. 0 Backgroun d Th e travelin g scree

n assemblie s ar

e equippe d wit

h ahig h pressur e seawate r wash system , an

d screen s ar e rotate deithe

r automatically o

r manually . Whe

n the screen s rotate , impinged debris , fishes , an dinvertebrate s ar

e rinse dfro

mth e screen s int

o atrough tha

t slope s t o acentra

l refus e sum p are a(Figur e 3-4) . I

n Fall 1997 , agrinder

syste mwa s installe d t o decreas e th e siz e o f all materia l befor e i t enteredth e sump . Al

l materia l i n th e sum p i s the n pumped back

t o th e ocea

n a t th e landwar

den dofth e wes t

breakwater . Automati c operatio n ofth e screen s occur s i n one o f tw o ways : b

y time dcycle s or

b y hydrostati c pressure . Timer s ar e typicall y set

t o initiat e a40

- minut e scree n was h onc e ever

y fou r hours . Th e screen s als o rotat e automaticall y whe

n aheigh t differentia l o f approximately 2 0 c

macros s th e scree

n surfac e i s detected . Manua l operatio n o f th e travelin g screen s occur s wheneve r necessary , especially whe

n heavy accumulation s o f

kel p threaten th e saf

e operatio n ofth e intak

e system . During thes e time s continuou s scree n washing i s usually necessary . 

## 3. 2 Environmenta l Settin g 3.2.1 Bathymetry Th e bathymetr

y ofth e nearshor

e regio n betwee

n Poin t Bucho n an d Poin t Sa n Lui s i s characterize db

y slopin g bedroc

k an d soft-bottomflats , wit

h steepe r relie f generally increasin g fro mth e sout

h to the nort

h (Figur e 3-5) . Th e majorit y ofth e nearshor

e region nea

r Pt . Sa n Luis , fro mth e shorelin e to - 2 k

moffshore , i s les s tha

n 4 0 mi n depth , whil e th e conespondin g nearshor e region of

f Poin t Bucho n i s 60-8 0 mi

n depth . Rock

y pinnacle s ar

e relatively commo

n ou t t o th e 4 0 mcontour , i

n contras t t o th e relativel y fla

t botto mtypica l ofth e 40-10 0 mregion . Withi n the geographi c are abounded b y Poin t Bucho n an d Poin t Sa n Luis , severa

l prominen

t rock y ridge s extendfromth e shorelin e ou t to abou t the 20 mcontour , especially noticeabl e a t Poin t Buchon , Lio

n Rock , an dPecho Rock .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 0 3. 0 Backgroun d 

### 3.2.2 Ocean Current Patterns Th e natur e an dorigi n o f

processe s stmcturin g th e nearshor e cunent s i

n th e vicinit

y o f Diabl o Canyon are fairly complex , reflectin g dynamic s o f seasona l cunents , winds , and tidal cycles . The genera l cunen t patter n nea r Diabl o Canyon i s compose d o f thre e cunents : th e constant cunent , th e smoothedcunent , an

dth e residua

l cunen t (Safai e 1986) . Th

e constan t cunen t ha s aperio d o f greate r tha n 3 0 dan dresult s fro

mlarge-scale , southwar

dan d northwar

d flows relate d t o th e Californi aan

dDavidso n cunents , respectively . The smoothe d cunent , wit h aperio d o f

1-3 0 d . i s primarily driven b

y wind ; th e residua

l cunent , wit

h aperio d o f

les s tha n 1 d , i s controlle d largel

y b y both.tid e fluctuation an

dwind . Th e followin g paragraph s discus s th e mechanic s ofth e constant an d smoothe d cunen t component s summarize di

n Safai e (1986) . Th e residua l cunen t componen

t wa s not discusse d a s completel y i

n Safai e (1986) , presumably becaus e th e magnitude an d duratio n o f

thi s cunen t

i s relativel y minor

compare dt o tha

t ofth e constant

an d smoothe d cunents . I

n additio n t o thes e regularly-occunin g cunents , the mechanic s o f periodi c E

l Nin o an d L aNin aoceanographi c event s ar e described . Finally , th e hydrolog y an d wate r chemistr y ofth e nearshor

e regio n o f Diabl o Canyon durin g th e stud y perio d Octobe

r 1996-Jun e 1999 ar

e summarized . I n general , tw o majo

r type s o f cunent s exis t

of f th e coas t o f California : shor

e paralle l an

d shor e norma l (perpendicular) . The shor e paralle l current s include constan t cunents : th e southward

flowing Californi aCunen t an dthe northward-flowin g Davidson Cunent . The Californi aCunen t originate s fro

mth e clockwis e Nort

h Pacifi c Gyre , which create s asouthwar d flow alon g th e wester n coas t o f Nort h America . Thi s cunen t

i s presen t year-roun d alon g the Californi acoast , bu t i s typicall y displace doffshor e b y th e northwar

d flowing Davidson Cunen t i n the fal l an d winter . Th e Davidso n Cunen t i s formed b

y adeeper-water , counter-clockwis e gyr e i n th e Californi aCunen t

presen t betwee n Cap e Mendocin o (Mendocin o County ) an d Poin t Conceptio n (SantaBarbaraCounty) . Th e Davidson Cunen t

i s sometime s refene d t

o a s th e Californi a Undercunent , particularl y durin g th e sprin g an d summe r whe n i t i s adeeper-wate

r phenomenon . Ofthe two , th e Davidso n Cunen t i s weake r an d mor e diffus e tha

n the Californi aCunent . A s such , cunen t

reversal s can , an

ddo , commonly occu

r durin g th e winter . TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 1 3. 0 Backgroun d Smoothedcunent s i

n th e vicinit

y o f Diabl o Canyo

n (Safai e 1986) includ

e shorewar d an d seawar dcunent s tha

t originate fro

mseasona l onshor e an d offshor e winds , respectively . Thes e seasonal , perpendicula

r cunent s ar

e o f mino r magnitude relativ e to th e shore-parallel cunents , bu t their consequen

t downwellin g an

d upwelling event s ar

e importan t t o th e nutrient

cyclin g an

d productivit

y ofth e Diabl o Canyon nearshor e region . Th e Californi aCunen t

ecosyste mi s characterize d b

y seasonally hig

h level s of primar y production whe

n northwesterly wind s predominat e an d caus e coasta

l upwelling t o occur , typically i n th e sprin g andsumme

r o f eac h year . Upwellin g occur s becaus e th e northwesterly wind s generat

e Ekma n transpor t o f surfac e water s du e to th e Corioli s Force , resultin g i n ane t movemen t o f surfac e water s perpendicula r to th e win d direction : to th e righ

t i n th e norther

n hemispher e an doffshor e relativ e t o th e Californi acoast . 

### 3.2.3 El Nino Southern

Oscillation

and Ocean Water Temperatures Th e E l Nin o Souther

n Oscillatio n (ENSO ) i

n th e easter

n Pacific Ocea

n typically consist s of

a war mwate r E l Nin o phas e followe

d b y coole r wate r temperature s durin g asubsequen t LaNina . However , the effect s ofth e ENS O ar e no t limited to ocea

n water s a s they als o affec

t th e atmospheric/oceani c circulatio n (Rasmusson an d Wallac e 1983) . Muc

h ofth e interannua

l ocea n variabilit y o n decada l andsub-decada

l time scale s ca

n b e attribute d to E

l Nin o event s tha

t have significan t impact s o n the globa

l ocean' s hea

t budge t an d ecosystem s (Barbe

r an d Chave z 1986 : Can e e t al . 1986) . It s globa

l impact s (Rasmusson an

d Wallac e 1983 ) ar

e most apparen t i n the easter n Pacific (Barbe

r an dChave z 1983 ) wher

e th e influenc e o f

E l Nin o ca n b e detecte d fro

m the souther

n ti p o f Chil e to Alask

a(Enfiel d an d Alle n 1980) . I t remain s unclea

r whethe r th e primar y impact s ofth e ENS O aniv e vi aocea n o r atmospheri c circulation , bu t the fac t remain s tha t thes e impact s ar

e significan

t i n the coasta

l water s o f Centra l Californi a(e.g. , Lenar

z e t al . 1995 ; Chave z 1996 ; Schwing e t al . 1997 ; Lyn

n e t al . 1998) . Moderat e to wea k L aNin acondition s prevailed along the centra l Californi acoas t

fro m1995 through early 199

7 (Schwin g e

t al . 1997 ) whe

n one ofth e stronges t

E l Niii o event s recorde d thi s

TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 2 3. 0 Backgroun d

centur y bega n t o develo p (Lyn

n e t al . 1998) . During th e first

yea r o f fieldsamplin g conducte da t DCP P (Octobe r 1996-September

1997) , thi s wea

k LaNin ama

y have , atypically , contribute d t o highe r tha n norma l se asurfac e temperature s (SST ) observe d of f Californi aan

d Mexic o a s th e resul t o f anomalou s win

drelaxatio n event s (Schwing et al . 1997) . Th e E

l Nin o tha t ha d bee n developin g i

n th e westemtropica

l Pacifi c sinc e early Sprin g 199 7 anive d alon g th e coas t

o f Californi ai

n Fal l 1997 , bringin g highe

r tha n norma l SS T and suppressin g upwellin g activit y alon g the lengt

h ofth e coast . Thi s E

l Nin o even

t continue d int

o th e summe

r o f 199 8 (Lyn

n e t al . 1998 ) an dwa s followedb

y another L aNin abeginnin g i

n Fall 199 8 an

d extendin g a

t leas t to th e en dofth e fieldsamplin g operation s a t DCP P i n Jun e 1999 . Th e continuin g cycl e o f

ENS O event s ha s als o ha

d dramati c effect s on th e primar y an d secondar y productio n ofth e Californi aCunen t ecosystem . Primar

y production , measured a s chlorophyl l concentration , decrease d durin g warme r E l Nin o years—199 2 an

d 1997—an

d ros e i n th e coole r L aNin ayears—199 1 an

d 199 5 (Chave z 1999) . Tota l phytoplankto n biomas s demonstrate dsimila

r trends : declinin g i

n 1992 an d 199 7 an d risin g i n 199 5 whe

n the averag e temperature wa s clos e t o th e climatologica l mean , 13.5°C . Chave z (1999 ) als o note s tha t ove r th e 10-yea r perio d1988-1998 , SS T hav e gradually rise n whil e level s o f

nitrate , chlorophyll , primar y production , an

dcertai n phytoplankter s (e.g. , centri c diatoms ) hav e declined , effectivel y reducin g th e overal l productivit

y ofth e Californi aCunen t ecosystem . The change s t o th e ecosystema t thes e fundamenta

l level s ma

y hav e dramati c consequence s fo r th e remainde

r ofth e ecosystem , which support s adivers e assemblag e o f marine birds , mammals , an d fishes . Lyn

n e t al . (1998 ) als o note s tha

t "mea n macrozooplankto n abundanc e durin g th e sprin g o f 199 8 wa s the lowes t

i n th e 50-yea r CalCOF I time series, " furthe

r confirming th e finding s o f Chave z an

d MBARI . 

### 3.2.4 Ocean Currents

and Temperatures

during the Entrainment Study Period (October

1996 - June 1999) Th e DCP P 316(b ) stud

y perio dwa s characterize d b y aserie s o f

climatologica

l an d meteorologica

l ENS O event s (Tabl e 3-1 ) tha t ar e know n to hav e dramati c effects o n ocea n ecosystems , oceani c an

datmospheri c cunents , an

d o n productivit

y i n th e Californi aCunent . TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 3 3. 0 Backgroun d Fieldsamplin g wa s initiate dduring a n anomalously war

mL aNiii aeven

t tha t occune d durin g the fal l of 199 6 an dcontinue dthrough th e fal l of 199 7 (Schwin g e

t al . 1997) . I

n th e fal l o f 1997 , one ofth e stronges t

E l Niii o event s recorded thi s centur y occune d alon g th e Californi acoas t an d continue dthrough th e summe r o f 199 8 (Lyn

n et al . 1998) . The fal

l an d winte r o f 1998-9 9 wer

e subject to amor e typica l col dwate

r LaNin aphas e tha

t continue d through th e en

d o f field samplin g operation s i

n Jun e 1999 . Dat acollecte ddurin g th e stud

y perio d fromth e singl e cunen t mete r an d meteorologica

l observatio n statio n a

t DCP P showed tha

t nearshor e cunents wer

e largely controlle d by prevailin g win

dcondition s (Figur e 3-6) . During thos e infrequen t period s whe

n win d speed s wer e negligibl e (i.e. , les s tha

n 2 nautica

l mile s pe r hour) , longshor

e constan t cunent s predominated . Mea n monthl y wate r temperature s nea

r DCP P durin g th e stud

y perio d Octobe

r 199 6 through Jun e 1999 range dfro

m17.5° C i

n Novembe

r 1997 t o 10.5° C i

n Apri l 1999 (Figur e 3-7) . Whil e maximu mtemperature s occune da t variou s time s throughout

th e yea r (e.g. , Novembe

r 199 7 an d August/Septembe

r 1998) , annua

l temperatur

e minimum s wer

e consistently presen

t durin g the mont h of April . Thes e temperatur

e minimum s generally conesponde d to seasona l offshor e wind s an dconsequen

t coasta l upwelling . Th

e continuin g influenc e ofth e ENS O throughout th e stud y perio d ma y explai n th e inconsisten

t interannua

l timin g o f

recorde d maximu

mtemperatures . Overall , nearshor

e seawate r temperature s durin g the stud y perio d deviated appreciably fro m long-ter mpatterns . Th e mea

n seawate r temperatur

e recorde d fo

r Novembe r 199 7 wa s th e warmes t sinc e record s bega

n i n 197 6 (Figur

e 3-7) . Thi s wa s rivaled onl y b y temperature s recordedi n th e summer/fall of

198 3 an d 1984 , anothe

r stron g E l Nin o event .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 4 3. 0 Backgroun d Tabl e 3-1 . Presenc e andrelativ e magnitude o f E l Nin o (W ) and LaNin a(C ) event s fro m199 6 through 199 9 i

n th e tropical Pacific : relativel y stron g event s are note d wit h (+) , relativel y wea

k event s wit h (-) , an dC * denote s anomalously war mL aNiii acondition s postulate d b y Schwing e

t al . (1997) . Blan

k cel l i n 4 * quarter

o f 199 9 represent s non-ENS O ( = normal ) period . Tabl e combine s datafro

mSchwin g et

al . (1997 ) an

d th e NOA

A ensoyears.htm

l pag e a t www.noaa.gov . Yea r 199 6 1997 199 8 199 9 1 " Quarte

r C * C * W + 

### c + ryni 

## c* w w c Quarte r 3 r dQuarter C * W+ 

## cc4 t

hQuarte r C * W + 

## c

TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 5 3. 0 Backgroun d

12 4 C W 120 ° W 116 - W

DIABLO CANYO N POWE R PLAN T 42 * N

3 8 ; N

34= * N ESTER O BA Y

Poin t Bucho n MORR O

• BA Y 1 0 k

m

DIABL O CANYO N POWERPLAN T PACIFI C OCEA N Ana

of Detail AVL A BEAC H Poin t Sa n Lui s

Field' s Cove Intertida l Zon e

DIABLO CANYO N POWE R PLAN T Uni t 2

PACIFI C OCEA N 

### rs i 10 0 m

Meteorologica l Towe r

Breakwater

s 

# W^.^^^J^ . 4

- ^ Patto n Cov e ••' Figur e 3-1 . Location o f

Diabl o Canyo

n Powe r Plant .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3- 9 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.5 6 3. 0 Backgroun d

Travelin g Wate r Scree n .Intak e Gate 

### fia^ac^JQ-JLTM
Hig h Tid e +3.2

- f • Lo w Tid e -2.6 "
Flo w

Elev. - 31.5 TraM r 

# P Circulatin g Wate r Pum p (CWP ) 

## ^sssizzir^^^m^^

8-1 2 diamete r / conduit t

o powe r plant

1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

Scal e i n Fee t Figur e 3-2 . Cross-sectio n diagra mo f DCP P intak e structure showin g wate

r flow path . Elevation s ar

e base do n mea n se aleve l (modifie d fro

mPG& E 1988a) .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3-1 0 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0H

m z m 73 > m <P o i n o i b 280 0 260 0 240 0 220 0 O ) 

### E , 

### o 200 0

C O

S L c o 2 O u 3 > 

# a i

r * S2 . M U O =* . o o O 3 § 180 0 3 

## E t u 160 0 140 0 120 0 100 0 PD T

PD T end s

/ V. 

# "H W K \ U 1 Forc e Outag e Groun d (us e fir e M C 1- 1 C O 22-3 0 No

v 9 6 Bday s

U 1 P& D Shel l 4 No v 9 6 < 1 da y / y A U t Col d rehea t lin e repai r

11-1 3 Ap r 9 7 1 • dey _.--" ^ U 2 MFW P 2- 1 tri p du e to dogge d contro l filte r an d vl v 2 9 Mar- 4 Ap r 9 7 6 2 day s '



# If J I I
/ 

# r



# J

U 2 PS D Kel p 2- 4 Fe b 9 8 2 day s / U 2 MSI V FCV-4 4 closure 24-2 6 Oc

t 9 7 2 day s 

# \K \ \ 

## r \ 

## \ / \

\ U 2 MFW P los s o

f \ u2Manua , deanin g suctio n pressur e \ 4 . 10Se p 9 7 2- 5 Ju l 9 7 \ 5day , 3 day s \

\ U 2 PS D SheO

s 17&24Aug9 7 2 day s



# _ r P ° T Coolin g wate r flow e n ^ s standardize d t o averag e dail y volum e (May-Ju n 99 )

. I 1 5 Au g 9 8

0. 7 days ; 4- 6 Se p 9 8 1.5days . , U 1 Manua l cleanin g 18-2 3 Se p 9 8 5 day s -*

• ' 1 • \ •
/ / / / U 2 PS D Kel p 28-2 9 Nov 9 8 4. 2 day s 

# I A U 1 Man . Shutdow n RC P Oi l Coole r 17-2 5 De c 9 9 U 1 PS D Kel p 1- 5 De c 9 8 4. 2 day s an d U 2 Manua l Shutdow n

1- 6 De c 9 8 5 4 day s

1R 8 Refuelin g Outag e 2R 8 Refuelin g Outag e 1 9 Apr-2Ju n 9 7 1 4 Feb-2 8 Ma r 9 8 4 4 day s 4 2 day s 1 — : i I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 *• ' t 1 1 1 \ 1 1 — 

# I fT

— • ' ' \

A A 1 U 2 Manua l cleanin g \ 25-3 0 Ap r 9 9 1 5. 8 day s 

# l U 1 PS D Shel l 23-2 4 Ma r 9 9 0 5 day s

1R 9 Refuelin g Outag e 7Feb-15Mar9 9 3 5 day s

— i 1 1— i— i 1 i i- i Oc t Nov De c Ja n Fe b Ma r Ap r Ma y Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c Ja n Fe b Ma r Ap r Ma y Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c Ja n Fe b Ma r Ap r Ma y Ju n Figur e 3-3 . DCP

P daily coolin g wate

r flo w - Octobe

r 1996-Jun e 1999 . w o 0 0 B > OTtJe

nP.5 8 3. 0 Backgroun

d Figure 3-4 . Uni

t 1 travelin g screen assemblie s photographe d i n 198 5 durin g a

n impingemen

t collection .

Travelin g Scree n Housin g

Collectio n Baske t (refus e sum p below )

TENER A E9-055. 0 3-1 2 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1 , 200 0P.5 9 3. 0 Backgroun d

Dept h Contour

s i n 1 0 Mete rincrements

Figur e 3-5 . Bathymetr y o f nearshor e regio n betwee n Poin t Bucho n an d Poin t

Sa n Luis .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3-1 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 0 3. 0 Backgroun d

Figure 3-6 . DCP

P win dan dwate r current pattern s Octobe

r 199 6 through Jun e 1999 .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3-1 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 03 .6 1 3. 0 Backgroun d

a. ) Jul y 197 6 - August 199 9 18. 0 T 17.0- • Grap h expande d belo w i n "b "

10. 0 9. 0 J - Sfc tff RffS^S S 851 6 8 1 8 &-S p 8 ? 8 8 ? S 5 S 8ffi5?SlfiifiS>S>8ffi 8 b. ) Octobe r 199 6 - Jun e 199 9 1 8 i

1 0

Oi

Oi

Oi

Oi

Oi

Oi Sr ? - ^

n i C D T J o

> < n o Oi o > c n c n c n m a Figur e 3-7 . Mea

n monthl

y seawate

r temperature s nea

r DCPP .

TENER A E9-055. 0 3-1 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 2



# Blan k Pag eP.6 3 4. 0 Method s 

## 4. 0 METHOD S

The Environmenta

l Protectio n Agenc y EP

A guidanc e o

n Section 316(b ) demonstration s recognize s tha

t i t i s not practica l to analyz e th e impact s o

n all organism s tha

t ma y b e entraine d b y coolin g wate

r intak e operation s (USEP

A 1977) . Generally only som e group s o r

specie s o f organism s i

n th e vicinit

y of afacilit

y are targete d fo

r collectio n an

d analysis . Target

organism s ar e thos e havin g certai n characteristic s tha t mak e the msuitabl e fo

r detectin g or

forecastin g impact s t o a

n ecosyste munde r investigatio n (Cairn s an

d Prat t 1989 ; Jone s an

d Kaly 1996) . 

## 4. 1 Criteri a fo r Selectio n of Targe t Organism s Th e initia l criteri ause

dt o selec t appropriat

e targe t organism s a

t DCP P wer e develope d by th e Environmenta

l Protectio n Agency (USEP A 1977) . Discussion s wit

h th e DCP P Entrainment Technica l Working Grou

p (ETWG) wer

e instrumenta

l i n guidin g th e us e ofth e criteri aa t DCPP . Meeting s wit

h th e ETW

G an dothe r invite d expert s a

t theTiburo n Impac t

Assessmen

t Colloqui a (October 199 6 an dOctobe r 1998 ) als o helped refine thes e criteri afo r applicatio n a

t DCPP . USEP A guidanc e o

n 316(b ) define s targe t

organism s a s thos e tha

t mee t a t leas t one or mor e o f th e followin g criteria : 1 . representative , i

n term s o f their biologica l requirements , ofabalanced , indigenou s communit y offish , shellfish , an

d wildlife ; 2 . commercially or

recreationall y valuabl e (e.g. , among th e to p te n specie s landed—by dolla r value) ; 3 . threatene do

r endangered ; 4 . critica l to the structur

e an dfunctio n ofth e ecologica

l syste m(i.e. , habita

t formers) ; 5 . potentiall y capabl e o f

becomin g localize d nuisanc e species ; 6 . necessary , i

n th e foo dchain , fo

r th e well-bein g o f

specie s determine d i

n 1-4 ; an d 7 . meetin g criteri a1- 6 wit h potentia l susceptibilit

y t o entrapment/impingemen

t and/or entrainment .

TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 4 4. 0 Method s The DCP P ETW G addedthre e additiona

l criteri afo

r selectin g targe t

organism s fo

r th e entrainment

study a t DCPP : 8 . identifiabl e t o di e specie s level ; 9 . entraine di

n sufficien t abundanc e t o allo w fo

r impac t assessment , i.e . allowin g th e model(s ) constraint s t o b e me t an d confidenc e interval s t o b e calculated ; and 10 . havin g loca

l adul t an dlarva l population s (i.e. , sourc e not sin k species) . Fo

r example , norther n lampfish {Stenobrachius leucopsarus), relativel y abundan t a s entraine d larvae , i s asin k specie s becaus e i

t i s a n offshor e an d deep water

specie s whos e larvae become widely separate dfro

mdiei r viabl e environment

an d enter coasta l waters . Target organism s meetin g thes e criteri ainclude d larva l fishes , larva

l Cancer spp . crabs , an

d larva l se aurchin . Th e fina

l lis t o f targe t organis mtax a(Tabl e 4-1 ) wa s determine d by th e ETW G (Ma y 1999 ) basedmainl y o

n th e datacollecte d durin g thi s stud y an d th e abov e liste d criteria . Other potentia l targe t organis mgroup s reviewe d b y th e ETWG fo r possibl e inclusio n i

n thi s stud y bu t subsequently rejecte db

y th e ETW

G include d kelp spores , fish eggs , abalon e larvae , squid , an dPismo clams . Th e ris k

of asignificant

impac t o n adul t kelp population s b

y entrainment o f kel p spore s wa s determine dt o b e negligibl e du e t o th e larg e numbe r o f spore s produce d alon g th e coast . Additionally , it

i s no t possibl e t o identif

y di e specie s o f

kelp based o

n gamete s o r spores . Fis h egg s wer

e no t included becaus e the y are difficul t t o identif y an d mos t ofth e tax a includedi n di e fina l entrainment

evaluatio n hav e eg g stage s dia t are no t likel y t o b e entrained : they either have demersal/adhesiv e egg s or ar e internall y fertilize d an

d extrude free-swimmin g larvae . Abalone larvae wer e no t include d becaus e the y are at low ris k fro mentrainment

an d cannot b e effectivel

y sample dor

identified durin g earl y lif

e stage s whe

n they would b e susceptibl e t o entrainment

(Tenera1997b) . Youn g squi d are als o unlikely t o b e entraine d becaus e they ar e competen

t swimmer s immediately afte r hatching . Pismo cla

mlarva e wer e not include d becaus e there i s n o suitabl e substrate fo r settlement

i n th e vicinit

y o f DCPP , an d th e duratio n o f thei r pelagi c phas e i s to o shor

t to enabl e the

mt o reach appropriate settlin g habita t i n significant number s afte

r spawnin g i

n th e Diabl o Canyon regio n (SandraOwen , CDF&G , Lon g Beach , CA , pers . comm.) .

TENER A E9-O55. 0 4- 2 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 5 4. 0 Method s 

## 4. 2 Entrainmen t Thi s sectio n present s asummar y ofth e sampl e collectio n an d laborator

y processin g methods . A mor e detaile dpresentatio n ofth e entrainmen t an d stud y gri d collectio n method s ca n b e foun d i n

• Appendix A—DCP

P 316(b ) Demonstratio n Study : Phas e 1 , Entrainmen t Stud y Design , I . Sampling Locatio n

• Appendix B—DCP

P 316(b ) Demonstratio n Study : Phas e 1 , Entrainmen t Stud y Design , II . Selectio n o f

Targe t Organisms , Sampling Methods , an d Gea r Testin g

• Appendix C—DCP

P 316(b ) Demonstratio n Study : Phas e 3 , Sampling Pla n an d Modellin g Evaluatio n

• Appendix D

—DCP

P 316(b ) Entrainmen

t Study , Fiel d an

d Laborator

y Procedure s

i Se aurchin larva

e wer e originall y chosen b

y th e ETW

G a s atarge t

organism , bu

t laborator y experiment s showeddia

t di e earl y stage s o f

larva l urchin s ar e smal l enoug

h t o b e pas s throug h th e 33 5 u mne t mesh . Th e only urchin developmenta l stag e tha t appeare d t o b e effectivel

y capture ddurin g samplin g wer e metamorphosin g an

d recentl y metamorphose d individuals . Therefore , th e result s o f

di e entrainmen

t samplin g ar

e presente d fo

r metamorphosin g an

d recently metamorphose dse aurchins , bu t n o assessmen

t o n di e effect s t o di e populatio n i s mad e basedo n agreemen t witii th e ETWG . 

### 4.2.1 Sample

Collection Entrainmen

t an dstud y gri dsamplin g provide d datafo r estimatin g entrainment

abundance s an

d abundance s i

n th e nearshore are adefined b y th e stud y grid . The samplin g plan s wer e tailore d t o th e methodolog y chosen fo r estimatin g futur

e adul t los s an d populatio n mortality . Thre e method s wer e chosen , develope dfull

y i n Sectio n 4.4 , an

d briefl y describe d below . The estimat

e o f entrainment

los s an d demographi c data , collecte d fro mth e scientifi c literature , wa s use dto parameteriz e tw o demographi c model s o f entrainment

effects : Adul

t Equivalen t Los s {AEL) an dFecundit y Hindcastin g {FH). The AEL metho d forecast s the numbe r o f adult survivor s fro mth e estimate dnumbe

r o f entraine d larvae , a s i

f they ha d survived entrainment , usin g knowledg e of

mortalit y rate s other

tha n fro mentrainmen

t b y th e powe

r plan t (i.e. , natura

l

TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1.200 0P.6 6 4. 0 Method s mortality) . Th e FH

metho di s simila

r excep t tha t th e numbe

r o f larvae entraine d ar

e hindcas t to numbe r o f eggs , an dth e numbe

r o f egg s i s then used t o estimate th e number o f femal e adult s tha

t woul d hav e produce dthem . A thirdmethod , th e Empirica l Transpor t Model {ETM), estimate s a n averag e annua

l larva l mortalit y pe r individua l due t o entrainment , usin g estimate s o f Proportiona

l Entrainment

{PE), which compare s th e numbe r o f larva e entraine d i

n on e da y t o th e numbe

r o f availabl e larva

e i n di e sourc e water

body . A larva

l mortalit y i s calculate d afte

r PE i s weighte d b

y a n estimate dfractio n ofth e total populatio n affected an d compounde d b y th e tim e larvae are susceptibl e t o entrainment . The Phas e 3 Samplin g Pla n (Tabl e 2- 1 i

n Tener a1998a

) describe s th e dat arequire dfo

r AEL, FH, an

dPE. 

### 4.2.1. 1 Entrainmen t Samplin g Collectio n o f

di e DCP P entrainment

sample s too k

plac e onc e per

wee k fro mfou r permanently moore dsamplin g station s locate ddirectl y i n fron t ofth e intak

e structure (Figure s 4- 1 an d 4-2) . Entrainment

samplin g occurre dfro

mOctober

199 6 throug h Jun e 1999 , wit h detail s about

th e number o f sample s collecte dpe

r survey presente d i

n Appendix G . Survey s 0 1 an d 02 wer e not processe dbecaus e the y wer e usedt o finaliz e samplin g protocol s and onl y 8 and 3 4 subsample s wer e collected , respectively . Therefore , th e firs t complet e survey wa s conducte d o

n Octobe r 23 , 1996 . Th e fou

r fixedstation s were sample d i n arandomorde

r durin g eac h 3-hou

r survey cycle . Sample s wer

e collecte dove

r a24-hour perio d fro maboa t moored approximatel y 1 0 mfro mth e intak e structure usin g a0.7 1 mdiameter bong o fram

e wit h tw o 1. 8 mlong , 33 5 ur

n white Nitex TM mes h net s simila

r t o th e net s use db y th e Californi aCooperativ e Oceani c Fisherie s Investigation s (CalCOFI) . Th e first 9 survey s wer e collecte d wit

h 50 5 um , bu

t du e t o possibl e extrusio n o f larva l fishe s observe di

n Survey s 8 an d 9 , subsequen t survey s were collecte d wit h 33 5 u mmesh (Tener a1997b) . Survey s 9 an d1 0 wer e complete d o

n consecutiv e days , but

only th e datafro

m Survey 1 0 wa s usedi

n th e analyse s becaus e sample s wer e collecte d usin g th e smaller mesh size . Th e bong o fram

e an dnet s wer e fished fro

mth e top to the bottoman d bac k t o th e surfac e atota

l o f eigh t time s t o filter

approximatel y 40-5 0 m

^ pe r net . A t th e surface , th e ne

t wa s turne d a s th e uppe r portio n ofth e fram

e hit th e surfac e an

d wa s turne d within approximatel y 13-2 5 c mofth e bottom . Th e upwar

dvertica l lif t speed ofth e net s wa s held constant a t approximatel y 0. 3 m/s TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 7 4. 0 Method s (~0. 6 knots ) using a

n electri c winch . The downwar d speed ofth e net s (0.3-0.4 5 m/s ) wa s determine dprimarily b

y gravit y actin g o n the mas s ofth e bong o fram e an d th e drag resistanc e o f th e nets . Eac

h 24-hou r sampl e perio d wa s divide d into eigh t 3-hou r samplin g cycles , wit

h eac h statio n being sampledonc e pe r cycle . Th e sampl e content s o f

eac h ne t wer e initiall y preserve d separately i

n either asolutio n o f

5 % buffere

d formalin or

70-80 % ethanol . All sample s wer e late r transferre dt o ethano l befor e laborator

y processing . A tota

l o f 6 4 subsample s (3 2 samples ) wa s collecte dpe

r da y wit h atota l o f approximately 2,560-3,20 0 m- 3 o f wate r filtere d pe

r 24-hou r surve y period . 

### 4.2.1. 2 Stud y Gri d Samplin g Samplin g ofth e stud

y gri dwa s designe d t o provide th e information o n abundanc e an

d distributio n o f

targe t organism s i

n th e vicinit

y o f DCP P dia t i s use d i n th e ETM

assessment . Th

e dat afrorr t each stud y gri dsurvey wer

e paire d wit

h th e correspondin g entrainmen t survey t o estimate a n inde x o f entrainmen

t los s {PE): th e rati o betwee n th e numbe

r o f larva e entraine di

n on e da y t o th e numbe

r estimate di

n th e stud y gri d ove r athre e da y period . The boundarie s an d shap e o f di e stud y gri dwer e chosen based on th e following criteria :

• th e gri dwouldb e larg e enoug h t o characteriz e the larva

e fro mth e targe t

group s potentiall y influencedb

y DCPP' s coolin g water

intak e operations , and

• th e gri dwoul dinclude arepresentativ e variet y o f loca l nearshor e habitats . I n establishin g th e stud

y grid , th e ETW

G als o considere d tha

t ocea n current s i

n th e are agenerally mov e bot h u p an ddow n th e coas t

pas t DCPP . Current s als o show inshore/offshor e oscillations , bu t thes e occu

r les s frequentl

y an dgenerally a

t alowe r magnitud e (Sectio n 3.2.2) . Th e stud

y gri d containe d6

4 cell s i n a n eigh t cell b y eigh t cell patter n (Figur e 4-3 ) an

d wa s centere d o

n th e Intak e Cove a t DCPP . Th

e norther n exten t ofth e gri d wa s nea

r Poin t Bucho n an d th e souther

n half , amirror imag e ofth e norther

n portion , extende d to Poin t Sa n Luis . The coastlin e betwee n Poin t Bucho n an dPoin t Sa n Lui s make s asligh

t ben d (approximately 20° ) northwar d a t DCPP . Tangent s alon g th e coastlin e fro mth e ti p ofth e wes t

breakwate

r a t DCP P defined th e inshor

e margin s ofth e stud

y gri da t 321 ° Tru e (NW) an

d 121 ° True (ESE) . The grid extend s adistanc e of

TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1.200 0P.6 8 4. 0 Method s 8. 7 k m t o bot h th e nort h an d sout h a ta n averag e distanc e o f

3 k m offshore . Line s dividin g th e stud y gri d into eigh tpartition s ra n SS W (221 ° True ) t o a distanc e o f 2. 7 k m offshor e ofth e inshore margin . Region s inshor e ofth e stud y gri d dimension s wer e i n shallo w wate r wit

h partiall y submerge d rocks , makin g th e areas unsaf e fo r boa toperation s an

d sampling . Th e stud y gri d wa s sample d monthl y fro m Jul y 199 7 dirough June 1999 . Tw o randoml y positione d station s withi n eac h o f di e 6 4 cell s ofth e gri d wer e sample d usin g a 0.7 1 m diamete r standar d CalCOFI-styl e bong o frame wit h tw o 3. 3 m long , 33 5 u

m whit e Nitex TM mes h nets . Th e stud y gri d wa s sample d continuousl y ove r 7 2 hour s usin g a "ping-pong " transectt o limi t tempora l an d spatial biase s i

n th e samplin g patter

n an d t o optimiz e shipboar

d tim e (Figur e 4-4) . Th e startin g cei l (constraine d t o th e 2 8 cell s o n th e perimete r ofth e grid ) an d th e initial directio n o f di e transect(constraine d t o di e tw o cell s diagonally , adjacentt o th e startin g cell ) wer e selecte d a trandom . Whe n di e adjacen tdiagonal cel l ha d previousl y bee n sample d (e.g. , cel l D l in Figur e 4-4) , on e ofth e tw o adjacentcell s in th e directio n o f travel (E l o r E3 ) wa s randoml y selecte d t o b e sample d next . Net s wer e fishe d i n a

n obliqu e fashio n followin g CalCOF I protoco l (Smith an d Richardso n 1977) . Th e samplin g dept h wa s limite d t o withi n 3 m ofth e bottom dept h t o avoi d damag e o r los s o f samplin g equipmen tan

d fo r saf e operatio n o f

di e vessel . Ha

d larva l fishe s bee n concentrate d i n th e 3 m near bottom , thi s samplin g metho d woul d no tdetec tthem leadin g t o underestimate s o f larva l density tha

twoul d increas e estimate s o f PE. Tw o station s wer e sample d per gri d cel l wit h th e statio n location s fo r each monthl y surve y bein g randomly-positioned , latitude/longitud e coordinate s withi n eac h cell . Th e rando m positio n o f

latitud e an

d longitud e fo r eac h gri d cel l statio n wa s generate d usin g Microsof tExcel TM macro code , designe d t o randomly selec tpola r coordinate s an

d t o conver tthes e coordinate s t o a Mercato r Projectio n syste m use d fo r navigational purposes . Latitud e an d longitud e position s wer e locate d i n th e field usin g a Micrologic TM Global Positionin g Syste m (GPS ) plotter . A tota l o f 25 6 subsample s wa s collecte d durin g eac h 72-h r survey . A tth e end o f eac h haul , th e materia l collecte d i

n on e bong o netwa s fixed in 5 % buffered formali n fo r abundanc e an d

TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.6 9 4. 0 Method s compositio n analyses . The materia l i n the secon

d ne t wa s fixed i

n abou t 70-80 % ethano l (ETOH ) to b e archivedfo

r possibl e futur

e us e i n larva l fish ag e an

d growt h analyses . To minimiz e tempora l variatio n between entrainmen t an d stud y gri d sampling , gri d survey s wer e scheduled t o bracket th e 24-hou

r entrainment

survey , overlappin g b

y one da y befor e an d afte r th e collectio n o f entrainmen

t samples . Th e paire dsamplin g fro mJul y 1997 wa s a

n exceptio n t o thi s design , i.e . entrainmen

t samplin g occurre ddurin g th e first 2 4 hour s ofth e 72-hou

r gri d survey . 

### 4.2.1. 3 Intak

e Cove Surfac e Plankto n To wSamplin g Weekl y plankto n sample s wer

e collecte d i

n th e DCP P Intak e Cov e durin g th e following periods : Februar y 199 0 diroug h Jun e 1990 , Januar y 199 1 dirough Jun e 1991 , an d then continuously fro

m Septembe r 13 , 199 1 t o th e present . Three sample s wer e collecte d a

t daw n onc e pe r wee k b y towin g a0. 5 mdiameter , 33 5 u mmesh standar

d plankto n ne t

i n fron t o f di e intak e structure t o a locatio n approximately even wit h di e oute r en d ofth e wes t

breakwate

r (Figure 4-5) . The net

wa s towe da t adept h o f abou t 1 mbelo w th e surface . Wate r flowing int

o th e ne t wa s measure d b y a calibrate dflowmeter . Approximately 40-5 0 m- 3 o f wate r wa s filtered pe

r tow . The sample s wer

e preserve di

n 5 % buffere

dformalin an

d late r transferre d t o 80 % etiianol . Thes e sample s wer e only processe dfo

r larva l fishes . 

### 4.2.2 Laboratory

Processing Laborator y sampl e processin g procedure s use d durin g thi s stud

y ar e presente d i

n Appendi

x D . Al l larva l fishe s an dth e megalopa

l stage s of Cancer spp . wer e sorte d fro

meithe r 3 2 or 6 4 subsample s (fou

r t o eight per cycle ) fro meac h entrainment

survey an d fro mth e formalin

preserve dgridsurvey sample s (tw o pe r cell) . On e ofth e tw o paire d bong o net s represent s a dependen t subsampl e suc

h tha t bot h t o th e paired net s compris e th e complet e sampl e o r tow . Th e estimat e ofth e mea

n larva l densit y calculate d afte

r processin g onl

y 3 2 subsample s wa s o

n averag e simila

r to th e estimate fo

r al l 6 4 subsample s (Tener

a1998b : Appendi

x E) . Al l Cancer zoea l stage s an d juvenil e urchin s wer

e sorted fro

mone randomly selected entrainmen t sampl e fro meac h ofth e 3-hou

r cycles , resultin g i

n eigh t sample s processe d pe

r sampling day . The zoe a

TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0J>.7 0 4. 0 Method s

an d urchins , sorte dfro

mth e sample s collecte d i

n th e grid , were processe d fro mon e sampl e per cel l fo r onl y tw o ofth e total number o f survey s performed i

n th e grid . Du e t o th e larg e numbe

r o f zoe aand urchins , mos t

sample s wer

e spli t befor e processing . Densit

y estimate s wer

e calculate dfo

r eac h sampl e based o

n th e numbe

r o f individual s o f

eac h taxo n an d th e volum e o f wate r filtered. Fo r

spli t samples , th e densit

y wa s mathematicall y adjusted fo r th e level o f splitting . Fo r

example , when asampl e wa s divide d int o eigh t part s and one par

t wa s sorted , di e numbe

r o f each o f di e larva l stage s identified an

d enumerate d wa s multiplie d b y eight t o estimate di e numbe

r i n di e sample . No t al l ofth e targe t

organis mgroup s wer

e sorte d fro

mal l o f di e entrainment

an d gri d survey samples , pe

r agreemen t widi di e ETW

G (Figure 4-6) . Larva

l fishe s wer

e sorte d fro

mweekly entrainmen t

sample s fro

msurvey s collecte d fro

mOctober

199 6 throug h Septembe

r 199 8 an d fro msurvey s dia

t paire dwit h th e gri d survey s fo

r th e perio d o f

October 199 8 throug h Jun e 1999 . Cancer cra b megalop s were sorte dfro mentrainment

sample s collecte d fro

mOctobe r 199 6 throug h Jun e 1999 . Cancer cra b zoe aand metamorphosin g an d recentl y metamorphose d se a urchin s wer

e sorte dfro

mentrainment

survey s collecte d fro

mDecembe

r 199 6 throug h Jun e 1998 . Sample s durin g Octobe

r an dNovember

199 6 wer e no t sorte d fo r zoe aand urchin s becaus e thes e sample s wer

e collecte dwit

h 50 5 u mmesh net s an

d thes e organism s coul d possibl y hav e been extrude dthrough th e mesh , resultin g i n underestimate s o f

thei r density . Thes e sample s wer e used fo r larva l fish an dmegalop s becaus e thei r

generally large

r siz e woul d lessen th e chanc e o f extrusion . Larva

l fishe s andCancer

cra b megalop s wer

e processe d fro

mtw o sample s pe

r cel l durin g al l o f

di e gri dsurveys . A s previousl y mentioned , Cancer cra b zoe aand metamorphosin g an d recentl y metamorphose dse aurchin s wer e processe d only fro

mon e sampl e pe

r cel l durin g survey s collecte di

n March an

dApri l 1998 . A n on-site qualit

y contro l progra

mensure d tha

t eac h ofth e sorter s maintaine d ahig h leve l o f accurac y i n identifyin g targe t

tax ai n th e samples . Thi s progra

memploye d bot

h on-site an

d off

site personne l t o verif

y th e identificatio n an

d enumeratio n ofth e collecte d organisms . Al l dat a pertainin g t o th e collectio n an dlaborator

y processin g o f

eac h ofth e sample s wer

e tracke d usin g a
TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 1 4. 0 Method s compute r database . Th

e procedure s used i

n laborator

y processing , identification , an d qualit y contro l ar e includedi

n Appendi x D . A variet y o f genera l an dspecifi c reference s wer

e use d t o identif

y th e collecte d individuals . The larva e o f severa l specie s i n th e DCP P are aar e a t presen t poorly know

n or undescribed . Larva

e fo r severa l tax acouldonly b e identifie d into higher taxonomi c categories , suc

h a s genu s (e.g . Gibbonsia spp. ) o r

famil y (e.g . Cottidae) . Identificatio n fo r larva e ofth e rockfishe s (genu s Sebastes) wa s especially troublesome . A t leas t 7 2 specie s an

d 1 1 subgenerao f

rockfis h liv e alon g th e easter n Pacifi c coas t

o f Nort h Americ a(Moren o 1993) . Becaus e o f relativel y recent speciatio n i

n thi s genus , man

y larva l characteristic s ar

e shared ove

r awide rang e o f

species , makin g identificatio n within thi s genu s problemati c (Mose r et al . 1977 ; Mose

r an d Ahlstro m 1978 ; Barusko v 1981 ; Kendall andLenar z 1987 ; Moreno 1990 ; Nishimoto i n prep.) . Identificatio n o f

larva l rockfis h t o di e specie s leve l relie s heavily o

n pigmen t pattern s tha

t chang e a s th e larva

e develop . Currently , a

t leas t 5 o f thes e 7 2 specie s ca

n b e reliabl y identified t o th e specie s level a

t larva l developmenta

l stages . They ar

e th e blu e rockfish {Sebastes mystinus), shortbell y rockfis h {S. jordani), cowco d {S. levis), bocacci o {S. paucispinis; Yoklavic h et al . 1996) , an dstripetai l rockfish {S. saxicola; Laidi g e t al . 1995) . Othe

r specie s withi n thi s genu s ca n only b e resolve dt o broa

dsub-generi c grouping s base d o n pigmen t pattern s (Nishimot

o i n prep.) . Tabl e 4- 2 present s th e rockfish pigmen t group s use

d i n thi s stud y an d th e specie s reporte d i

n each group . Cra b larva e als o ar e sometime s difficul

t t o separat

e t o species . Th

e first zoea l stag e o f brow n roc k cra b (C . antennarius), yello w cra b (C . anthonyi), an

d slende r cra b (C . gracilis) i s simila

r i n appearance ; consequently , thes e specie s coul d no t b e separate d a

t thi s stage . Whe

n thes e specie s metamorphos e t o th e secon dzoea l stage , however , individua l characteristic s develo p tha t allo w thei r correc t classification . Therefore , i n calculatin g FH

model s fo r th e tw o specie s o

f Cancer crabs , th e proportio n ofth e tw o specie s fo r zoea l stag e I I wa s assumed to b e th e sam e fo r the first zoea l stage . Thi s rati o wa s usedto estimat e th e number s o f

zoea l stag e I larva

e fo r th e tw o species . Th e specie s of afe w individua

l megalop s an

d zoe acould no t

b e determined ; therefore , identificatio n o f

thes e individual s wa s lef

t a t th e genu s level , Cancer

spp . TENER A E9-055. 0 4- 9 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 2 4. 0 Method s Length s ofth e larva

l fish targe t

tax awer e measure d usin g acompute r imagin g system . A qualit

y assuranc e progra

mfo r th e operator s ofth e syste

mwa s conducted . Larva

e fro mbot h entrainment andstud y gri dsample s were measured . 

## 4. 3 Impingemen t A n impingemen

t stud y a t DCP P wa s conducte d fro

mFebruar

y 1985 throug h March 198 6 t o provide informatio n o

n

• taxonomi c compositio n an dabundanc e o f

impinge d organism s

• siz e o f

impinge dfishe s an

d selecte d macroinvertebrate s

• die l an dseasona

l pattern s o f

impinge d organisms , an

d

• se x rati o anddegre e o f gonada l maturit y o f selecte d impinged species . Impingement

sample s wer

e collecte d onc e pe

r wee k fo r acontinuou s 24-h

r period . A requirement fo r samplin g wa s tha

t a t leas t on e ofth e tw o coolin g wate r pump s (CWP) pe

r unit b e operatin g fo r th e entire 24 hr . A

t times , collection s wer

e postpone d becaus e o f

equipmen t testin g o r maintenanc e tha

t ma y hav e prevente d th e collectio n of acomplet e 24-h r period . Whe

n possible , th e samplin g wa s re-schedule dfo r later di e same week . Sample s wer e no t collecte d when kelp accumulatio n cause dth e collectio n basket s t o overflow , potentially leadin g t o alos s o f organism s an d inaccurate estimate s o f

impingemen

t rates . On acollectio n day , th e travelin g screen s wer e rotate d initiall y t o ensur

e tha t the y wer e clea n befor e th e samplin g began . Th e trough s wer e als o cleane d o f

all accumulate d debri s and organisms . Th e screen s remaine dstationar y fo r approximatel y 3.7 5 h

r an d then rotate d an

d rinse d fo r 1 5 min . Th e impingedmateria l wa s rinse d into th e trough s an d collecte d i

n meta l basket s made o f 0.63 5 c msteel mesh . Al

l impinge d materia

l wa s removed fro

mth e basket s afte

r each o f thes e 4-h r period s (cycles) , excep t

durin g time s o f

heavy kel p accumulatio n whe

n th e screen s operate dcontinuously . Durin g continuou s screen rotatio n th e scree n was h syste mwa s stopped , when possible , fo

r 1 5 mi n pe r cycl e t o allo w fo

r th e remova ! ofth e sample s fro mth e baskets . The

TENERA E9-055. 0 4-1 0 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 3 4. 0 Method s impingedmateria

l fro meac h uni t wa s kep t separate . All organism s wer e removed fro

mth e impingedmateria

l an dreturne dto th e laborator

y fo r processing . A qualit

y contro l progra

m verifiedtiiat

al l organism s wer

e removed durin g th e sortin g process . All fishe s an

dselecte dinvertebrate s wer e identified to th e lowes t

practica l taxonomi c category , counted , measured , an

dweighed . Invertebrate s tha t wer e measure d an

d weighed included caridea n shrimps , decapo dan

dpelagi c red crabs , cephalopo d molluscs , roc k scallops , an

d se a urchins . All other

invertebrate s wer

e recorde d a s either

individua l count s or a s presen t an d wer e not measurednor

weighed . A qualit

y contro l progra

mensure d di e accurac y ofth e data . I t wa s assumedtha

t all impingedorganism s would not survive . Studie s a

t othe r powe r plant s wher e impingemen

t losse s ar e hig h normally combin e impingemen t losse s fo r ataxo n wit

h other projecte dadul t

losse s fro mestimate d entrainment . W e di d no t combin e impingemen

t wit h estimate s o f

projecte dentrainmen

t losse s becaus e ofth e low impingemen t rat e a t DCP P an d th e time differenc e betwee

n th e tw o studies . Th

e result s ofth e impingemen t stud y ar e include d i

n th e DCP P 316(b ) Stud

y Phas e 3 : Sampling Pla

n an d Modellin g Evaluatio n (Tenera , 1998a ; Appendi x C) , an

dimpingemen

t mediodology i s no t

describe d further . 

## 4. 4 Descriptio n o f Entrainmen t Analytica l Method s Th e entrainment

an dstud y gridsurvey s wer

e divide d int

o annua l period s fo

r analysi s (Figur e 4-6) . The entrainmen t survey s wer

e divide d int

o thre e analysi s periods :

• Perio d1—Octobe

r 23 , 199 6 through Septembe r 30 , 199 7

• Perio d2—Octobe

r 1 , 199 7 through Septembe

r 30 , 199 8

• Perio d3—Jul

y 1 , 199 7 through June 30 , 199 8 Dat afo r Perio d3 wer

e previously analyzed b

y Tener a(1999b) , Preliminar

y Assessmen

t o f Entrainmen

t Effects o n Targe t Fish an d Cra b Tax a(July 1 , 1997-Jun e 30 , 1998) . Analysi s Perio d 3 overlap s Period s 1 an

d2 . I t i s presented her

e a s th e entrainmen

t datafo r thi s time interva

l i s usedi n th e calculatio n o f

PE whic h i s use d i n th e ETM, which allow s acompariso n of FH , AEL TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 4 4. 0 Method s

an d ETM calculation s fo r th e sam e 1 2 mont h tim e interval . Analysi s fo r zoe a fo r Perio d 1 wa s adjuste d t o Decembe r 1 , 199 6 throug h Novembe r 30,199 7 becaus e th e sample s fro m Octobe r an d Novembe r 199 6 wer e collecte d wit h a larger mes h ne tan

d no tanalyze d fo r cra

b larvae . Larva l densitie s fro

m sample s collecte d durin g Period s 1,2 , an d 3 wer e use d t o calculat e th e tota l numbe r o f

larvae entraine d an

d projectadultlosse s usin g FH and AEL methodology . Th e gri d survey s wer e divide d int o tw o analysi s period s fo r th e purpos e o f providin g tw o annua

l estimate s o f larva l mortalit y base d o n th e ETM

mediodology . Th e monthl y gri d an d paired entrainment survey s fo r dies e 2 analysi s period s are a s follows :

• Perio d 3—Jul y 1 , 199 7 through June 30 , 199 8

• Perio d 4—Jul y 1 , 199 8 through Jun e 30,199 9 Th e Intake Cov e surfac e plankto n tow s wer e processe d onl y fo r di e consecutiv e seve n mont h perio d o f Decembe r dirough June , per agreemen twit h th e ETW G (Figur e 4-6) , a s th e pea k i n larva l ichthyoplankto n i s generall y durin g dies e months . Thes e sample s wer e processe d onl y fo r larva l fishes . Thes e dat

a wer e use d t o adjus tth e number o f larva e entraine d during a yea r t o a long-term averag e tha

twa s more likel y t o representaverag e effects . 

### 4.4.1 Total

Annual Entrainment Th e densit

y o f each ofth e targetorganism s in di e entrainmentsample s wa s use d t o estimat e th e total annua

l larva l entrainmen tfo r eac h tax a {E T ) . Dail y entrainmentestimate s an d thei r variance s wer e derive d fro m th e mea

n densit y o f larvae (numbe r o f

larvae per cubi c mete r o f wate r filtered) an

d calculate d fro

m th e 3 2 sample s collecte d durin g eac h 24-h r entrainment survey , usin g th e method s describe d in th e Phas e 3 repor t(Tener a 1998a) . I

n th e fe w instance s wher e th e measure d volume s i n eac h paired netdiffere d b y mor e tha n 20% , th e highe r valu e wa s use d under th e assumptio n tha ton e ofth e paired flowmeter s ha d slowe d du e t o kel p fouling , imprope r lubrication , o r misalignment . Density estimate s wer e multiplie d by th e DCP P dail y intake flo w volum e t o obtai n th e number o f larvae entraine d per day . Th e dail y intake flo w volum e wa s calculate d b y multiplyin g th e number o f hours o f operatio n o f

each ofth e pump s by TENERA E9-055. 0 4-1 2 Fina l 316(b) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 5 4. 0 Method s their rate ddesig n flow rate . One hundre d percen t mortalit y wa s assumed fo

r all entraine d organisms . To estimat

e weekly entrainment , th e numbe r o f day s tha t each samplin g even

t represente dwa s determine db y settin g th e samplin g dat

e a t th e mid-point

betwee n sample collections . Th

e daily coolin g wate

r intak e volume s wer

e the n used t o calculate entrainmen t fo r th e perio db

y summing th e produc t

ofth e entrainmen

t estimate s and th e dail y intak e volume s fo

r each approximat

e weekly period . Thes e weekly estimate s an d thei r associate d variance s wer

e then addedt o obtain annua l estimate s o f

entrainmen

t an d varianc e fo

r each taxa . Th e annua l estimat e o f entrainment

{E T ) wa s calculate d b

y addin g aweekly entrainmen t estimate tha

t wa s th e daily entrainment

estimate multiplie d b

y th e weekly volum

e o f intak e coolin g water : 

# *-m ( D wher e v . = intak e volum e o n di e survey da

y ofth e /t h weekl y perio d (/'= 1 ,...,52 ) V t = tota l intak e volum e fo r th e /'t h weekly perio d (/=1,...,52 ) E, = th e estimat

e of daily entrainment

durin g di e entrainmen

t surve y ofth e /t h weekl y period . The varianc e o f

E T wa s estimate da s



### . —^ A(VA Var{E T 

### ) = Z \ v iJ Var{E i ), (2 ) usin g th e samplin g variance s o f entrainment

o n the surve

y da y ofth e /'t h weekly period , Var^). Equatio n 2 will underestimat e th e tru e varianc e becaus e i t doe s not incorporat

e th e varianc e associate dwit

h th e within-wee

k rati o estimator

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 6 4. 0 Method s wher e E T i s th e estimate dtotal entrainment fo r th e /t h week . I t als o doe s no t

incorporate daily variation s i

n intak e flow du e t o waves , tide , an d other factor s no t

measure d by th e power

plant . A s recommende db y th e ETWG , th e estimate s o f annua l entrainment

were scale d t o better represen t long-ter mtrend s fo

r atax ab y usin g dat afro

mIntak e Cov e surfac e plankto n tow s collecte dat

DCPP , startin g i

n 1990 . Thes e dat aprovid e a n index o f annua l trend s i n larva l abundanc e fo

r th e perio do f

1990-1998 . Thi s multi-yea r annualize d index consist s o f fiv e month s (February-June ) o f

larva l fish densit

y estimate s i

n 1990 , si x month s (January-June ) i n 1991 , and seven month s (December-June ) i n al l subsequent

years . Th e estimate d annua l entrainment

wa s adjuste dt o di e long-ter

maverag e b y th e equatio n 

# r (3 ) 

# £ 

# "*- r=£r 

# ' U , where P-AJJ-T ~ adjuste destimate o f

total annua

l entrainmen

t t o along-ter

maverage , 1990—1998 , / ; = index valu e fro

mDCP P Intak e Cov e surfac e plankto n tow s i n th e /'t h year , an d / = averag e index valu e fro mDCP P Intak e Cov e surfac e plankto n tows , 1990

—1998 . Th e varianc e fo

r adjuste dannua

l entrainment

ca n then b e expresse d a s fcr{E AdJ

_ T ) = Var{r T

)- 

## (J\* h) (4 ) assumin g th e indice s are sample dwithou t error . Ignorin g th e samplin g erro r ofth e indice s wil l underestimate th e tru e variance , but Equatio n 4 wil l account

fo r th e chang e i

n scal e associate d wit h multiplyin g th e annua

l entrainment

estimate b y ascalar . The varianc e ofE Mj

_ T, however , doe s no t take into accoun

t th e between-day , within-stratu mvariance , interannua l variation , nor th e varianc e associate dwit h th e indice s used i

n th e adjustment . Hence , th e actua l varianc e ofth e PAIIJ-T estimate i s greater

tha n th e valu e expresse d above . Th e Intake Cov e surfac e to w inde x wa s assume d t o hav e th e relationship TENER A E9-O55. 0 4-1 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 7 4. 0 Method s P{I i ) = CE i wher e £(/; ) = expected valu e ofth e index fo r th e /'t h year , E, = entrainmen

t fo r th e /t h year , an d C = proportionalit

y coefficient . Ifthi s relationship hold s true , then th e interannua l varianc e i

n th e inde x ha s th e relationshi p Var{I i ) = C 2 Var{E i ). Therefore , th e coefficient s o f variatio n (CV ) fo

r / an d E acros s n year s hav e th e relationship Var{I) \C

2 Var{E) CV(I) = 1-Jl

— = 1 ». = CV{E). Hence , th e C

V fo r th e Intak e Cove surfac e to w inde

x shoul d b e ameasur

e ofth e C V fo r entrainmen

t acros s years . I

n th e cas e o f

estimate s o f

Et an d /,. , th e variance s include samplin g error s tha t ma y no t b e equal . Therefore , di e C

V o f / wa s used t o expres s th e possibl e variatio n i n entrainment

acros s years . The us e o f adjustedentrainmen

t i n th e FH and AEL model s provide s result s tha t represent averag e long-ter

meffects . The C

V fo r / wa s used i

n propagatin g th e variance s ofth e entrainment

effect s an dcalculatin g th e range s o f

possibl e value s fo

r FH an d AEL i n sensitivit

y analyses . Sensitivit

y analyse s wer

e use d t o examin e the effect s o f differen t inpu t parameter s o

n mode l results . Adjustedentrainment

value s wer

e not use d i n calculatin g ETM

result s becaus e th e computatio n o f ETM relie s o n aproportiona

l entrainmen

t {PE) rati o usin g estimate s fro mpaired entrainmen

t an dnearshor e larva l sampling . Moreover , ifth e assumption s ofth e ETM are valid , then th e estimat e alread y represent s averag e long-ter mentrainmen

t effects . Using adjusted entrainmen t i n th e FH and AEL model s provide s abette

r basi s t o compar

e result s fro

mall thre e model s whe

n

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 8 4. 0 Method s the y ar e converte dinto acommo n currenc y throug h th e us e o f populatio n or

fisher y stoc k assessments . Th e lengt h frequenc y distribution s fo r th e measure d larvae fro

mth e paire d entrainment

and stud y gri dsurvey s wer

e teste dfo r difference s usin g aKolmogorov-Smirno v 2 sampl e tes t (Za r 1984) . Larg e difference s between th e tw o distribution s ma y indicat e dia t th e ag e distributio n o f entraine dlarva

e i s significantl y differen

t fro mth e sourc e populatio n i

n th e stud y grid . Th e mea

n larva l length s fro

mdi e tw o distribution s wer e teste d fo r difference s usin g atwo-sampl e /-test . Whe n variance s were unequa

l between th e tw o groups , Satterthwaite-adjuste d degree s o f freedo mwer e use di n th e tes t (SA S Institute 1990) . Th e statistical powe r o f thes e test s t o detec t ver y small difference s between th e tw o group s wil l b e ver y hig h becaus e ofth e larg e sampl e size s (Za r 1984) . 

### 4.4.2 Fecundity

Hindcasting

(FH) Th e FH approac h combine s larva

l entrainment

losse s wit h adul t fecundit y t o estimate th e amount o f adul t femal e reproductiv e output eliminate d by entrainment , assumin g n o compensator y reserv e o f di e population . Th e los s o f reproductiv e outpu t

(i.e. , number s o f

larvae ) wa s used t o hindcas t th e number s o f

adul t female s possibl y remove d fro mdi e reproductivel y activ e population . Thes e FH

estimate s requir

e datao n age-specifi c mortalit

y fro mth e eg g an

d earl y larva l stage s up t o entrainment . Th e fact tha t FH require s survivorship fro

marelativel y shor

t perio do f tim e (i.e. , eg g t o larva ) i s a n advantag e o f

thi s approach . Fecundit

y an d mortalit y fro m source s other

tha n entrainment

ar e integrate d int

o a n estimate o f

los s b y convertin g th e estimate d numbe r o f entraine dlarva

e backward s t o reproductivel y activ e female s (i.e. , hindcasting) . FH doe s not requir e additiona

l samplin g othe

r tha n fro mth e entrainment

intak e water , fo r estimate s o f larva l abundance . Thes e advantage s ma y b e offse t b y th e nee d t o (1 ) obtain or model age specifi c mortalit

y rate s andtota

l lifetim e fecunditie s t o predic t

th e adul t losses , and (2 ) secure informatio n o

n th e siz e ofth e adul t

populatio n o f

interes t t o estimate population-leve l effect s (i.e. , relativ e losses) . Therefore , th e metho d wa s only used fo r thos e tax awher

e th e minima

l dat a o f ite m(1) , above , wer

e available . Wit

h th e broa d generalizatio n o f

ignorin g an

y populatio n
TENERA E9-055. 0 4-1 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.7 9 4. 0 Method s

reserv e (compensation) , entrainment losse s ca n b e interprete d a s populatio n leve l impact s whe

n FH estimate s ar

e applie da s direc t

losse s t o a

n inferred population . 

### 4.4.2. 1 Formulatio n Th e estimate dtota

l larva l entrainment

fo r aspecie s {E T

) wa s use d t o estimate th e numbe r o f breedin g female s neededt o produc e th e numbe r o f larva e entrained . Th

e estimate d numbe

r o f breedin g female s {FH) whos e fecundit y wa s equa

l to th e estimate d tota

l los s o f entraine d larva

e i s calculate da s follows :

.— ~ i " E 

## FH = 

## -LZ— PT ' " S ' (5 ) wher e
w = numbe

r of week s th e larva

e ar e vulnerabl e to entrainment , E Tj= estimate dtota

l entrainment

fo r th e z'thweekl

y survey perio d (/

' = 1,... , w) , S t = surviva l rate fro megg s t o larva

e o f th e stag e presen

t i n th e /t h weekl y surve y period , an

d F r = averag e tota

l lif e time fecundit

y fo r females , equivalen

t t o th e averag e numbero f egg s spawnedpe

r female ove

r their reproductiv e years . Equatio n 5 i s basedo

n di e simplifie d cas e ofasingl e synchronize d spawnin g b y aspecies . Fo

r specie s wit

h overlappin g o r

continuou s spawning , larva l abundanc e would hav e t o b e specified b y wee k an dag e clas s (i.e. , E y ). However , w e use

d the mea n siz e o f all larva e entraine d a

t DCP P to estimat

e arepresentativ e ag e o f

larvae , an d the n estimate d asurviva

l rat e to thi s representativ e age . Tw o inpu t parameter s i

n Equation 5 tha

t ma y not b e availabl e fo

r man y species , an dthu s ma y limit th e method , ar

e averag e fecundit

y {FT ) an d surviva l rate s (5, ) fro

m spawnin g t o entrainment . Larva l ag e (duratio n fro

mreleas e o

r hatchin g to entrainment) , needed fo r estimatin g survival , wa s calculate dfro

mgrowt h rate s an d th e minimu

man d mea n siz e a t entrainment . Estimate s o f growt h rat e appea r i n Tabl e 4-3 , an

d their us e i n surviva l estimatio n i s discusse d furthe r whe n applie dto specifi c taxa . TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 0 4. 0 Method s Adjuste dannua

l entrainment

ca n b e incorporate d i

n th e FH metho d (Equatio n 5) , assumin g tha t averag e rate s o f

surviva l ar e th e sam e amon g year s an

d stud y periods : FH= EMJ

- T (6 ) 

# III *

) - • wher e Sy ag e specifi c surviva

l o f egg s and larvae fo

r they'ti i ag e clas s (j= 1,... , n ) and FT = expecte dnumbe

r o f egg s produce d i

n areproductiv e lifetime . I n practice , surviva

l wa s estimate db y either

one or severa l ag e classes , dependin g o

n th e data source , t o di e estimate dag e a t entrainment . Th e expecte d tota l lifetim e fecundit y FT wa s approximate db

y th e expressio n FT = Averag e eggs/yea

r • Averag e numbe

r o f year s o f reproductiv e lif

e

= Averag e eggs/yea

r Longevit

y - Ag e a t maturatio n ^ (7 ) 

### 2 y Th e expecte dlengtii o f

reproductiv e lif

e wa s approximate d a s di e midpoint between tiie time s o f maturatio n an

dlongevity . Thi s approximatio n wa s based o n th e assumptio n of alinea r survivorshi p curv e betwee

n thes e event s (i.e. , unifor

msurvival) . Fo r

exploite d specie s suc

h a s norther n anchovy an

dsardine , th e expecte d numbe r o f year s o f reproductiv e lif

e ma y b e muc h les s tha n predicte dusin g thi s assumption . Therefore , th e estimate d longevit y wa s base d o

n th e oldes t observe dindividua

l caugh t b y th e fishery, rathe

r tha n b y tiie oldes t

recorde d fish. Simulation , comparin g exponentia l survival , show s tha

t th e calculatio n o f

FT wil l b e negatively biase d fo r specie s wit

h shor t reproductiv e lifespans , an

d positivel y biase d fo

r thos e wit h longe r durations . Th e varianc e o f

FH wa s approximate d by th e Deltametho d (Sebe r 1982) :

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 1 4. 0 Method s Var{FH) = {FHf 

# cv><t„)+Ypr«t? l) 

# +cv"<n+-~ {

# * ) 

# *—^yi

>= i 

## (A-A,r wher e CW{E Adj

_ T )= C V of adjustedestimate d entrainmen t (estimate d b

y CV(I ) whe

n available) , CV{Sj) = C

V of estimate dsurviva

l o f egg s an d larva e u p to entrainment , CV(F ) = C

V of estimate daverag e annua

l fecundity , A M = ag e a t maturation , an

d A L = ag e a t maturity . The behavior

o f estimator 7 fo r FH appear s log-linear , suggestin g tha t a n approximat

e confidenc e interva l ca n b e basedo

n di e assumption s tha

t \n{FH ) i s normall

y distribute d an

d use s th e pivota

l quantit y

z\nFH-\nFH \Var(FH) 

### V 

### FH 2 A 90 % confidenc e interva

l fo r FH was estimate d b

y solvin g fo

r FH and settin g Z equa

l t o +/-1.645 , i.e .

164 5 ^ ^ VarlFH) FHe » F " : to FHe » TM 2

. 

### 4.4.2. 2 Sensitivity Analysi s I n additio n t o calculatin g aconfidenc e interval , asensitivit y analysi s wa s performed wher e FH wa s recompute dby varyin g each input parameter {0) an d usin g a n additiv e erro r

model fo r th e entrainment

paramete r (£ 7 0 r PMJ-T ) ° f -^-^^SE{9) an

d using amultiplicativ e erro r mode l fo r th e remainin g parameters . Th e CV fo r / (i.e . th e averag e surfac e to w index acros s years ) wa s usedi n propagatin g th e variance s ofth e adjusted entrainmen t estimat e fo r calculatin g th e range s o f possibl e value s fo

r FH i n th e sensitivit

y analyses . A

n assumed C

V o f 1. 0 (100% ) wa s used i

n TENER A E9-055. 0 4-1 9 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 2 4. 0 Method s calculatin g th e othe r paramete r estimate s a s Be * . Thi s approac h help s t o identif

y ho w th e parameters ' variability influence s FH. I n addition , th e followin g constraints t o th e modifie d parameter estimate s wer e applie d t o assur e reasonabl e ranges :

• Survival <, 1

• Ag e a

tmaturit y > one-hal f

th e origina l estimat e o f

ag e a tmaturit y

• Ag e a

tmaturit y < th e ag e halfwa y betwee n th e original estimate s o f ag e a tmaturit y an d longevit y

• Longevit y > th e ag e halfwa y betwee n th e original estimate s o f ag e a tmaturit y an d longevit y

• Longevit y < twic e th e original estimate d longevit y 

### 4.4.2. 3 Assumption s Fecundit y hindcastin g calculation s assum e th e following :

• Value s o f

parameter

s fro m th e literatur

e representth e populatio n parameter s fo r di e year s an d locatio n ofth e Diabl o Canyo n study . • N o populatio n reserv e o r compensatio n counter s entrainmentmortality . • Reporte d value s o f

eg g mas s ar

e lifetim e average s i

n order t o calculat e a

n unbiase d estimat e o f

lifetim e fecundity . • Reproductiv e lif

e expectanc y can b e accuratel y calculate d b y assumin g tha ttim e o f deat h i s uniforml y distribute d betwee n age-at-maturatio n an d age-of-longevity . • Juvenil e an

d eg g survival rate s ar

e constan tove r time . • Th e los s ofth e reproductiv e potential o f on e femal e i s equivalen tt o th e los s o f a n adult female . 

### 4.4.3 Adult Equivalent

Loss {AEL) The AEL approac

h use s estimate s ofth e abundanc e o f entrained o r impinge d organism s t o forecas tth e los s o f

equivalen tnumber

s o f adults . Th e approac

h require s survival estimate s (ha d th e larvae no tbee n entrained ) fro m entrainmentt o a

n ag e atrecruitmen

tt o th e adul tpopulation . Thi s mode l an

d th e FH model bot

h translat e larva l entrainmentmortalit

y int o adul tfish losses , whic h ar e familia r units t o resourc e managers . Althoug h AEL methodolog y doe s no trequire estimate s o f

larva l abundance i

n wate r volume s othe r tha n a tth e powe r plan

tintake , thi s advantag e ma y b e offse tb y (1 ) th e nee d t o obtai n o r mode l age-specifi c survival rate s t o predict TENERA E9-055. 0 4-2 0 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1.200 04. 0 Method s

th e adult equivalen t losse s an db y (2 ) th e nee

d fo r information o

n th e siz e ofth e adult

populatio n o f interes t to estimat e relativ e population effects . Simila r t o FH methodology , wit

h a n assumptio n tha t an y populatio n reserv e (compensation ) tha t could accoun

t fo r th e entrainmen

t los s i s lacking , entrainmen

t losse s yiel dpopulatio n leve l impact s whe

n AEL estimate s ar

e interprete d a s direc t losse s t o a n inferredpopulation . 

### 4.4.3. 1 Formulatio n Startin g wit

h th e numbe

r o f ag e class y larva

e entraine d {E

} ), i t i s conceptually eas y t o conver t thes e number s t o a

n equivalent

numbe r o f adult s los t

{AEL ) a t som e specified ag e clas s fro

mth e formula : AEL^EJSJ (8 ) wher e
n = number

o f ag e classes , Ej= estimate dnumber

o f larvae los t

i n ageclas s j , and Sj= surviva

l rate fo r th e jth ag e clas s t o adulthoo d (Goodyea r 1978) . Age-specifi c surviva

l rate s fro mlarva l stag e to recruitment

int o th e fishery (through juvenil e an d early adult stages ) mus t

b e include d i

n thi s assessmen

t method . For

som e commercia

l species , surviva l rate s ar e know n fo r adult s i n the fishery ; bu

t fo r mos t species , age-specifi c larva

l survivorship ha s not

bee n well described . Whe n age-specifi c surviva

l rate s fro mlarva l stag e t o recruitmen

t int o the fisher

y wer e available , AEL wa s calculate dusin g surviva l fro marepresentativ e ag e ofth e entraine d larva e a t DCPP . Thi s ag e wa s calculate db

y dividin g the averag e larva l lengt h a t entrainmen

t (minu s hatc

h length ) b y aliterature-base dgrowt

h rat e (Tabl e 4-3) . Age-specifi c survivorship fo r an y interva l o f time (t ) wa s the n calculate dfollowing the formula(Ricke r 1975 )

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 4 4. 0 Method s 

## !L- e 

## -*
where N, = numbe

r o f animal s i n th e populatio n a

t time / , N 0= numbe

r o f animal s i n th e populatio n a

t tim e / = 0 , N —-. = S (finit e survivorship t o tim e /) , /* o e- 2.71828 . ..(bas e ofth e natura l log) , an d Z = instantaneou s mortalit y rate . Survivorship to recruitment , t o a n adul t age , wa s apportione d into severa l ag e stages , an

d AEL wa s calculate dusin g di e adjuste dentrainment a s AEL = P^-rilSj(9 ) where / n \ ^ 

## .J A' n = numbe

r o f ag e classe s fro

mentrainment

t o recruitment

an d Sj= surviva

l rate fro mth e beginnin g t o en

d of th e jth ag e class . Th e varianc e o f

AEL ca n b e estimate d usin g aTaylor serie s approximatio n (Delt ametho d o f Sebe r 1982) a s Var{AEL) = AEL CK 2 (£„,._ r ) + £CK 2 (S,. ) . (10 ) v > " ) A n alternativ e analysi s woul db e t o compar e AEL wit h th e siz e ofth e adult

populatio n o f

interes t o r wit h fisher y harves t data . Thi s metho d convert s number s o f adul t losse s into fractiona

l los s o f th e populatio n o f

interes t (e.g. , stock

assessment) . However , informatio n describin g adul t stock s i s limite dfo

r man y species , an

dindependen

t field estimate s o f

surviva l fro mtime o f entrainment t o adulthoo dar

e not availabl e fo

r som e species . Fo

r som e specie s wher

e suc h informatio n i s unavailable , we ca

n estimate thi s paramete

r b y assumin g astationar

y populatio n wher

e a n adul t TENERA E9-055. 0 4-2 2 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 04. 0 Method s

female mus t

produc e tw o adult s (i.e. , one mal e an d on e female) . Overall surviva

l {S T ) ca n the n b e estimate dfro

mtota l lifetim e fecundit y {FT ) b y th e quantit

y *? " —----—

^ • ^ • £ J r~i ^ ~ egg ^larvae ^aituln PT which lead s t o

PTS^-S^(11 ) Substitutin g Equatio n 1 1 into th e overal l for mofth e AEL

equatio n where AEL = E AdJ

_ T -Sadull yield s

^

_2 (P*J-T) (12 )

AEL = O egg ' O larva * rT wher e AELm2FH. (13 ) Without independen

t adult surviva l rate s an d assuming a50:5 0 sex ratio , AEL an d FH ar e deterministicall y relate daccordin g t o Equatio n 13 , wit h a n associate d standar

d error o f SE{AEL) = 2SE{FH). Equatio n 1 3 should b e aligned s o tha t the averag e female ag e i s als o th e ag e o f recruitmen

t use di n computin g AEL. Thi s alignmen t i s accomplishe d b

y solvin g the simpl e exponentia

l surviva l equatio n (Ricke

r 1975 ) N,=N n -eZ( -^ ' o b y substitutin g number s o f

either equivalent

adult s or hindcas t females , thei r

associate d ages , an

d mortalit y rate s int o th e equatio n where ,

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 6 4. 0 Method s N, = numbe

r o f adult s a t tim e / , A ^ = numbe

r o f adult s a t tim e /„ , Z = instantaneou s rat

e o f natura l mortality , an

d / = ag e o f hindcas t animal s {FH) or

extrapolate d ag e o f

animal s {AEL). Thi s allow s fo

r th e alignment

o f age s i n either directio n suc

h tha t 2FH = AEL sinc e the y ar

e eithe r hindcas t or extrapolate dt o th e same age . Th e estimate s o f

mortalit y calculate d fro

mthe AEL

and FH approache s ca

n b e compare d fo

r th e same tim e period s fo

r tax awhere independen

t estimate s ar

e availabl e fo

r (1 ) surviva

l fro m entrainment

t o recruitment

into th e fishery and (2 ) entrainment back t o hatching . Thes e comparison s serv e a s ametho do f cross-validatio n fo

r th e demographi c approache s t o impac t assessment . 

### 4.4.3. 2 Sensitivity Analysi s A sensitivit

y analysi s fo

r AEL wa s compute d i

n orde r t o identif y which parameters ' estimate s coul db e improve dt o increas e th e reliabilit y ofth e estimate o f

adult losses . Th e analysi s varie d eac h inpu t paramete r {&), usin g (1 ) a

n additiv e erro r

mode l fo r th e entrainment

parameter

{E T o r PAOJ-T ) ^y ±1.645££(0 ) and(2 ) amultiplicativ e erro r model {Oe w ) fo

r surviva l parameters . Thes e surviva

l estimate s used a

n assume d C

K o f 1. 0 (100% ) and wer

e constraine d < 1 . Whe n estimate s o f

surviva l t o adul t ar e unavailable , th e sensitivit y analysi s performe d fo

r FH wa s applicable . The CVfor I wa s used i

n propagatin g th e variance s ofth e adjuste d entrainment estimate fo

r calculatin g th e range s o f

possibl e value s fo

r AEL i n th e sensitivit

y analyses . Thi s approac h help s t o identif

y how aparameter' s variabilit y influence s AEL. 

### 4.4.3. 3 Assumption s Calculation s o f

AEL usin g dat aon survivorshi p fro mentrainment

t o recruitment

into th e fishery assume th e following :

• Value s i

n th e literatur

e o n lif e histor y parameter s represen

t th e fish populatio n i

n th e year s an dlocatio n ofth e Diabl o Canyo n study .

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 7 4. 0 Method s

• If survivorship value s fro

mth e literatur

e ar e limite d t o singl e observations , value s ar e assumedconstan

t ove r tim e or representativ e ofth e mean . • N o populatio n reserv e or compensatio n counter s entrainmen t mortality . • Surviva

l rate s usedi

n th e calculation s represent th e lif e stag e ofth e larva

e o r fish. I n som e cases , surviva

l rate s estimate d fo

r asimila r fish specie s wer

e used . Should survivorship datafro mone specie s b e substitute d fo r another , there i s th e additiona l assumptio n that :

• Value s o f

survivorship fo

r th e tw o specie s ar

e th e same . Fo r fish specie s wher

e larva l surviva l dataar e missing , expecte d surviva l could b e estimate d fro mfecundit

y an d juvenil e an

dadult surviva l data . However , i

n thos e case s wher

e fecundit y dat awer e available , w e di dno

t hav e juvenil e an

d adult surviva l estimates . To us e fecundit y data i n calculatin g surviva

l rates , there i s th e additiona l assumptio n tha

t

• The fish populatio n i s stationar y i n siz e suc h tha t eac h adult female contribute s tw o ne

w offspring t o th e populatio n o f adult s durin g it s lifetime . 

## 4.4. 4 Empirica l Transpor t Mode l (ETM) The ETM estimate s th e tota

l annua l probabilit

y o f mortalit y {P M ) associate d wit

h entrainmen

t an drequire s a

n estimat e o f proportiona

l entrainment

{PE) a s a n input . Proportiona

l entrainmen

t estimate s dail y mortalit

y imposedby DCP

P o n loca l larva l population s (i.e. , i

n th e stud y grid) , assumin g n o other

type s of mortalit y exist . I n thi s context , PE

i s calle d conditiona

l mortalit y (Ricke r 1975) . PE

wa s calculate dusin g th e rati o based o n intak e sample s an

d stud y grid samples . I n previou s entrainment

studie s usin g th e £7Mmethod , intak e densitie s wer

e assumed fro

m weighte dpopulatio n concentration s (Borema n et al . 1981) . The PE

inde x i s used i n th e ETM

to estimate mortalit

y rate s resultin g fro

mcoolin g wate

r withdrawals . A s proposed b y th e U.S . Fish an d Wildlif e Servic e (Borema

n e t al . 1978 , 1981) , ETMhas bee n use d to asses s entrainmen

t effect s a t th e Sale mNuclea r Generatin g Statio n i

n Delawar e Bay , Ne w Jersey an

d a t othe r powe r station s alon g th e eas t

coas t ofth e Unite d State s (Borema n et al . 1978 , 1981 ; PSE& G 1993) . Variation s o f

thi s mode l have bee n discusse d i

n MacCal l e t al . (1983 ) an

d use d t o asses s impact s a t th e Sa n Onofr e Nuclea r Generatin g Statio n (SONGS ; Parke r an d DeMartin

i 1989) .

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 8 4. 0 Method s Th e ETM estimate s annual , conditional mortalit y du e t o entrainment , whil e accountin g fo r th e spatial an d temporal variability in distributio n and vulnerability o f eac h lif e stag e t o coolin g wate r withdrawals . Th e generalize d for m ofth e ETM

incorporate s many time- , space- , an d age-specifi c estimate s o f

mortalit y a s wel l a s informatio n regardin g spawnin g periodicity an d larva l duration . Mos to f thi s informatio n i s limite d o r unknown fo r th e tax a bein g investigate d a tDCPP . Thus , th e applicability ofth e ETMto th e stud y a tDCP P wil l b e limite d b y di e absenc e o f empiricall y derive d o r reported demographi c parameter s neede d a s inputt o th e model . Specifically, th e lengt h o f tim e a larva i s susceptibl e t o entrainmentmus tb e estimated . However , di e concep to f summarizin g PE ove r tim e with tiie ETM can b e use d t o estimat e entrainmenteffect s ove r appropriat

e tempora

l scales , eithe r b y modelin g o r makin g assumption s aboutspecies-specifi c lif e histories . A tDCPP , w e emplo y a PE approac h simila r t o th e metiio d describe d b y MacCal l e t al . (1983 ) an

d use d b y Murdoc

h e tal . (1989 ) i n (Parke r an d DeMartini 1989 ) thei r final Marine Revie w Committe e (MRC ) repor tt o th e Californi a Coastal Commissio n fo r SONGS . Th e annua l estimat e o f

ETM is forme d fro

m th e weighte d averag e o f 1 2 approximatel y monthl y survey s whic h pai r entrainmentan d stud y grid larva

l samples . 

### 4.4.4. 1 Formulatio n o f PE an d ETM Th e general equatio n t o estimat e PE fo r a da y o n whic h entrainmentwa s sample d i s a s follows : PE = -=& wher e N^ = estimate d number o f larva e entrained durin g th e day , calculate d a s (estimate d density o f

larva e inth e wate r entraine d tha tday) x (desig n specifie d dail y coolin g wate r intake volume) , N c = estimate d number o f larva e i n th e stud y grid tha

tday , calculate d a s 6 4 V [(estimate d averag e densit y o f larvae per cell) - (cel l volume) ] fori = 1,... , 6 4 grid cell s

TENERA E9-055. 0 4-2 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.8 9 4. 0 Method s wher e th e estimate dcell densitie s are obtaine d fro mth e 72-hou

r gri d survey tha

t contain s th e 24

- hou r entrainmen

t samplin g period . The PE estimat e fo r day s whe n gri d survey s wer

e no t done i s th e estimate fo

r the neares t

da y to th e monthl y survey . I n addition , a

n adjustmen

t wa s mad e t o th e estimate d numbe

r o f larva e i n th e row 1 cell s ofth e stud

y gridt o hel

p compensat

e fo r th e inabilit

y t o safel y collec t sample s inshor

e ofth e gri d(Figur e 4-3) . The estimate d volum e ofth e wate

r directl y inshor

e ofth e stud

y gri d wa s multiplie db

y th e densit

y o f larva e collecte d i

n th e row 1 cells , excep t

fo r cell s A1 , Dl , an

d El . Cell Al i s mor

e offshor e tha n th e res t ofth e cell s i

n ro w 1 , du e t o th e ben

d i n th e coastlin e a

t Poin t Buchon . A

n adjustmen

t wa s no t done fo r th e volum

e o f water inshor e o f cell Al becaus e a substantia l volum e wouldb e added an

d th e compositio n an

d abundanc e sampled i

n cell Al would no t adequately represent

inshor e volumes . Column s D and E ar e directl y offshor e fro mth e Intak

e Cov e wher

e entrainmen

t sample s wer

e collected . Th

e densit y estimate fro

mentrainmen

t samplin g wa s use

dfo r th e area s inshor

e o f cell s D l an

d El . Thi s estimate d numbe r o f larva e inshor e ofth e gri dwa s addedt o th e gri d abundanc e numbe r estimate d fo

r th e cell s i n ro w 1 befor e PE an dETM calculation s wer

e done . The ETW G recommende dusin g entrainmen t sample s i n adjustin g only the volume s inshor e o f cell s D l an

dEl . The estimate dnumbe r o f larva e inshor e ofth e gri d cell s D l an

d E l wa s somewha t large r tha n th e estimate d entrainmen t number s used i

n PE becaus e th e su

mo f wate r volume s inshor

e o f D l an dE l (4.9 0 an

d 5.9 5 million m-3 , respectively ) i s slightl y greate r tha n th e dail y flo w through th e powe

r plan t (9.6 0 million m^) . However , th e estimate d entrainmen t densit y couldb e usedto represent th e remainin g inshor

e volume s (tota

l inshor e volum e excludin g A l i s 38. 2 millio n m-3) , i

n which cas e th e PE

valu e (and therefor

e estimate d mortality ) would decreas e especially fo

r thos e nearshor

e specie s not

foun dcommonly i

n th e stud y grid . While not appropriat e fo r tax awit h larva e disperse d throughout

th e stud y grid , a n adjustmen

t t o th e unsample dinshor

e volume s ma

y b e reasonabl e fo

r som e nearshor e specie s whos e larva

e ar e potentiall y mor

e abundan t close r to shore .

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 0 4. 0 Method s Th e PE valu e represent

s th e effect s of a number o f processe s operatin g ove r a day an d i s estimate d in tw o yea r groups , eac h yea r havin g 1 2 approximatel y monthl y surveys . Proportiona l entrainmentwa s calculate d fo r th e 1 2 paired nearshore stud y grid an d entrainmentsurvey s conducte d betwee n July 1 , 199 7 an d Jun e 30 , 1998 , an

d fo r anothe r 1 2 pairs fro m Jul y 1 , 199 8 t o June 30 , 1999 . T o estimat e specifi c PE ratios , eac h 24-hou r entrainmentabundanc e estimat e wa s temporall y paired wit

h th e abundanc e estimat e fro m th e 72-hou r nearshore gri d survey . Th e purpos e ofth e DCP

P stud y i s t o estimat e entrainmenteffect s withi n th e stud y grid an d attemp tt o extrapolate thos e effect s t o a populatio n o f inference . Boreman e tal . (1981 ) pointout tha ti f an y member s ofth e populatio n ar e locate d outsid e th e stud y gri d area , then th e ET M wil l overestimat e th e conditiona l entrainmen tmortalit y fo r th e entir e population . I n thei r stud y o f entrainmentb y SONGS , Parker an d DeMartini (1989 ) incorporate d th e inferenc e populatio n (whic h wa s a

n extrapolatio n t o th e entir e Souther n Californi a Bight , a

n area extendin g about50 0 km ) directl y into thei r estimat e o f PE. I n th e followin g ETM

analyses , PE i s multiplie d by th e fractio n ofth e populatio n i n th e stud y gri d area . LetP s = (numbe r o f

larvae a tris k i n th e study grid ) / (numbe r o f

larvae in th e populatio n o f inference) . Th e fractio n o f larva bein g entraine d fro m th e populatio n o f

inferenc e o n a give n da

y i s then th e produc

t PE r P 5 . Th e boundarie s ofth e populatio n affecte d b y entrainmentcoul d vary from loca l (e.g. , a subarea ofth e stud y grid ) t o regional (e.g. , fishery managemen tunits , zoogeographi c range) . For som e specie s th e area ofth e stud y gri d may representth e populatio n o f inferenc e and , in thes e cases , P s = 1 . Fo r othe r species , th e populatio n o f inferenc e wil l likel y b e large r tha n th e stud y grid . I

n fact , th e populatio n o f

inferenc e depend s bot

h o n th e specie s an

d o n whatappeal s usefull y t o intuition . Therefore , ETM i s compute d ove r a range o f value s o f P s fo r eac h ofth e targettaxa . Th e curve s fro

m thes e function s can b e use d t o determin e th e ETM at any valu e o f

P s . Th e curve s can als o b e interpreted a s a continuou s probabilit y functio n representin g th e risk o f entrainmentt o th e larvae a tdifferen tvalue s o f

P s . Thi s representatio n replace s th e nee d fo r sensitivit y analysi s fo r P M t o th e populatio n o f

inferenc e implie d b y P s . Several approache s wil l b e use d t o defin e th e proportio n ofth e populatio n o f inferenc e fo r th e differen ttax a groups . TENER A E9-055. 0 4-2 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 1

| 

# s i 

# i i 

# i 

# i 4. 0 Methods .

Thes e point

estimate s o f

P s (andthei r

ranges ) will als o b e represente d o n th e curve s fo

r each o f th e targe t taxa . Thi s representatio n ofth e populatio n a t ris k i s mor e biologically meaningfu

l tha n sensitivit y analyse s usin g confidenc e interval s around asingl e estimat e o f P M . I f larva l entrainmen

t mortalit y i s constan

t throughout

the perio d an

d alarv ai s susceptibl e to entrainment

ove r d days , then th e proportio n o f larva e tha t escap e entrainment

i n survey / ' is : {\-PE r P s ) d

. Larva l duratio n fro mhatchin g t o entrainmen t wa s calculate d fro mgrowt h rate s usin g eithe r th e mea n o r maximu msiz e a t

entrainment . Th e valu e fo r d wa s compute d b y dividin g a n estimat e o f growt h rat e int o th e chang e i n lengt h base d o n eithe r th e mea n o r

maximu msiz e a t

entrainmen t (Table s 4- 3 an d4-4) . Althoug h th e maximu mlarva l siz e produce s th e longes t duratio n o f jf j susceptibility , larva l entrainmen t probabilitie s ma y b e ag e dependent . Th e mea n siz e i s use d t o illustrat e th e sensitivit y o f di e estimat e o f

population-wid e mortalit y t o larva l duratio n o f susceptibility . Th e mea n lengt h o f targe t tax alarva e fro mal l entrainmen t sample s wa s calculated , ,-jj p an dlength-frequenc y histogram s wer e use d t o determin e th e centra l 98 % ofth e distribution . Th e A minimu man d maximu msize s use dfo r analyse s wer e determine d afte r removin g th e larges t

an d smalles t 1 % ofth e values . Thi s procedur e helpe daccoun t fo r 1) outlier s tha t

wer e th e resul t

o f large r post-larva l fishes , 2 ) inadvertentl y measure d larva l fish fragment s fro mth e samples , 3 ) m shrinkag e i n preservatio n fluid , an d4 ) variation s i n hatc h length . A s aresult , th e larva l length s

tha t wer e use dt o estimat e age s wer e th e 98 % cente r interva l o f

al l th e lengths . l t i s possibl e tha t

agin g wa s biased , eve n thoug h standar dlength s o f larva l fishe s (i.e. , measurement s o f

minimum , mea n an dmaximum) , an d larva l growt h rate s wer e applie d t o estimat e th e age s ofth e entraine dlarvae . I t wa s assume d tha t

larva e shorte r

tha n th e minimu m lengt h ofth e centra l 98 % ofth e distributio n wer e jus t hatche d an d age d zer o days . Subsequen t age s wer e estimate dusin g thi s length . Othe r reporte d dat afo r

variou s specie s suggest s tha t hatchin g lengt h ca n b e eithe r smalle r o r large r tha n estimate d fro mDCP P samples , an d indicate s tha t th e smalles t

observe dlarva e represen t eithe r natura l variatio n i n hatc h length s withi n th e populatio n o r

th e phenomeno n o f

shrinkag e followin g preservatio n (Theilacke r 1980) . Th e TENERA E9-055. 0 4-2 9 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 04. 0 Method s

possibilit y remain s tha

tal l larvae fro

m th e observe d minimum lengt h t o th e greates treported hatchin g lengt

h (o r t o som e othe r size ) coul d hav e jus thatched , leadin g t o overestimatio n o f age s fo r al l larvae . Bot

h FH an d AEL estimatio n us e th e mean an d minimum size s t o estimat e ag e a t entrainmen tan

d ar e subjec tt o simila r biases . Twelv e monthl y surve y period s wer e use d t o estimat e larva l mortalit y (P M ) du e t o entrainment fo r 2 one-yea r stud y periods . P M wa s estimate d b y th e equatio n

*- • (15 ) wher e PE, = estimat e o f

proportiona

l entrainmentfo r th e it h monthl y surve y (/' = 1,...,I2) , P s - estimate d proportion ofth e fis h populatio n i n th e stud y grid , / = annua

l proportion ofth e total larva e hatche d durin

g di e it h monthl y survey , an

d d = th e estimate d number o f day s o f larva l life . T o establis h independen tsurve y estimates , i ti s assume d tiiatdurin g eac h surve y a ne w an d distinc tcohorto f

larvae i s subjec tt o entrainment . Eac h o f tiie twelv e survey s wa s weighte d b y / an d estimate d a s th e proportion s ofth e yearl y entrainmenti n al l th e day s ofth e ith surve y period . Th e surve y date s (from July 199 7 through June 199 8 an d July 199 8 through June 1999 ) ofth e paired entrainmen tsample s an d number o f

day s in th e surve y period s ar e found i n Tabl e 4-5 . Fo

r eac h ofth e tw o years , th e su m ofth e proportion s equal s one : 

## /=^-andf; /

= l . IPJ 

## ' "
Th e varianc e o f

P M wa s estimate d usin g th e Delt a metho d (Sebe r 1982) , an d it s formulatio n i s presente d i

n Appendi x F . Th e estimat e ofth e population-wid e probabilit y o f entrainment{PEi • P s ) i s th e centra

l featur e o f th e ETM approac h (Borema n e tal . 1981 ; MacCal l e tal . 1983) . I f a populatio n i s stabl e an d TENERA E9-055. 0 4-3 0 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0 

# 1 IP.9 3 4. 0 Method s stationary , the

n P M als o estimate s th e effects o n th e fully-recruite d adul

t ag e classe s whe

n uncompensate dnatura

l mortalit y fro mlarv at o adult

i s assumed . 

### 4.4.4. 2 Formulatio n o f P s The relationship between P M an dP s i s represente d b

y th e set s o f

curve s presente d fo

r eac h o f th e target taxa . Discret

e value s o f

P s are als o presente d fo

r eac h ofth e target

taxa . Thes e value s ar e computeddifferentl

y fo r thre e group s o f

tax aidentifie d b

y th e distributio n o f

adults :

• Offshor

e - Pacifi c sardin e an

d norther n anchovy

• Subtida

l - rockfishes , flatfishes , crabs , cabezon , whit e croakers , an

d blackey e gobie s

• Intertida

l an dshallo w subtida

l or nearshor e sculpins , kelpfishes , pricklebacks , an d greenling s Th e incorporatio n o f

P s into di e ETM

is typicall y define d b y th e rati o ofth e are ao r volume o f th e stud y gri dt o alarge

r are ao r volum e containin g th e populatio n o f inferenc e (Parker

an d DeMartin i 1989) . If a n estimat e o f di e larva l (o r adult) populatio n i

n th e large r are ai s available , P s ca n als o b e compute dusin g di e estimat e ofth e larva

l or adul t populatio n i

n th e stud y grid , definedb y Ricke r (1975 ) a s th e proportio n ofth e parenta l stock . Ifth e distributio n i

n th e large r are ai s assume dt o b e uniform , then th e valu e o f P s fo r th e proportio n ofth e populatio n wil l b e th e sam e a s th e valu e computedusin g are aor volume . For

offshor e an d subtida l target tax a whos e larva

l distributio n extend s t o th e offshor e edg e ofth e stud

y grid , P s will b e calculate d a s th e rati o P S =N C /N P wher e N Gi s th e numbe

r o f larva e i n th e stud y grid , an d N Pi s th e numbe

r of larva e i n the populatio n o f

inference . Th

e numerato

r N Gi s presente d i s section 4.4.4. 1 i n th e calculatio n o f PE, i.e . 6 4 _ N 

### c, =Z^ -Z) 

### * - 

### A. k *= l wher e

TENERA E9-055. 0 4-3 1 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 4 4. 0 Method s AQ = are a o f gri d (G ) cel l k

, D k = averag e dept

h ofth e kth grid cell , an

d p ik= density (pe r m^ ) o f larvae i n kth grid cel l durin g surve y / .
N P wa s estimate d b y a

n offshor e an

d alongshor e extrapolatio n ofth e stud y gri d densities , usin g wate r curren

tmeasurements . First , a conceptual mode l wa s formulate d t o extrapolate larva l densitie s (pe r m^ ) offshor e ofth e gri d



## —£V»V£ , "density

, P s =^& = ^ —— —(16 ) N " L L >>A W

A D J --density^ wher e L G = alongshor e lengt

h o f gri d i n they't

h stratum, W } = widt h ofy't h stratum , LPj = alongshor e lengt

h ofth e populatio n i

n theyt h stratu m base d o n curren

tdata , Dj = averag e dept

h o f theyt h stratum , an

d density , = averag e density o f larva e iny't h stratum . Fo r tiiis model , th e gri d wa s subdivide d into K c alongshor e strat

a (i.e. , K

c =i row s in th e grid ) an d th e populatio n into K p > K c alongshor e strata . Formul a (16 ) abov e describe s discrete value s i n interval s of a continuou s function . Therefore , t o eas e implementation , a

n essentiall y equivalen tformul a incorporate s th e us e o f gri d cel l densitie s durin g th e /t

h samplin g period , p ik , an d integrate s a linea r extrapolatio n o f density (pe r m ^ calculate d b y multiplyin g p ikb y th e cel l depth ) a s a functio n o f offshor e distance , w:

p< = • S; Nl ^(LP

) N c \ L c J " rai\ + LP • \ p{w)dw wher e L p = alongshor e lengt

h ofth e populatio n {P) i n th e ith stud y perio d base d o n curren tdata . TENERA E9-055. 0 4-3 2 Fina l 316(b) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 5 4. 0 Method s The limit s of

integratio n ar

e fro mth e offshor

e margi n ofth e stud

y grid , W

0 , to apoin t estimate d b y th e onshor

e movemen

t o f current s or

wher e the densit

y i s zero or

biologicall y limited , W max . Note tha t thi s poin t ca n occur outside th e stud

y grid area . Note tha t th e populatio n number , N p , i s composed o f

tw o component s tha

t represen t th e alongshor e extrapolatio n ofth e gri d populatio n an d th e offshor

e extrapolatio n ofth e alongshor e gri dpopulatio n (Figure 4-7) . Th e alongshor

e an donshor e current velocitie s wer

e measured a

t acurrent mete r positione d approximately 1 k

mwes t ofth e DCP

P intak e a t adept h o f approximatel y 6 m(Figure 4-3) . The directio n i n degree s tru e fro

mnort h an d speed i n cm/s wer

e estimate d fo

r eac h hou r ofth e nearshor e stud y gri dsurvey periods . Figure 4- 8 show s th e result s o f current mete r analysi s i n which hourly curren

t vector s wer

e first rotate d orthogona

l t o th e coas t

b y 4 9 degree s wes t

o f nort h (averag e o f

tw o tangents , Sectio n 4.2.1.2) . Th e movemen t o f wate r wa s the n tracke d durin g th e perio dfro

mApri l 1997 throug h Jun e 1999 . A tota l alongshor

e lengt h o r displacemen

t i n kilometer s ca

n b e calculate dfro

mthes e datausing th e rang e o f bot h upcoas t an d downcoas t movemen t ove r th e larva l duratio n perio d prior

t o eac h survey period . The maximu mupcoas t an d downcoas t curren t vector s measure d durin g eac h surve y perio d wer

e added togethe

r to obtain a

n estimate o f

tota l alongshor

e movement . Onshor

e movemen

t used t o extrapolat

e densitie s offshor

e ca n als o b e calculate dfro

mthi s graph b

y excludin g period s o f

offshor e movement . Within thi s scenario , there ar

e tw o subclasses : 1 . Fo r specie s wher

e th e regressio n o f

densit y versu s offshor

e distanc e ha s anegativ e slope , th e offshor e distanc e predicte d wher

e densit y i s zero (i.e. , integra

l o f zero ) will b e calculated . Th

e alongshor

e distanc e woul

d b e calculate d fro

mth e wate

r curren t data . 2 . Fo r specie s wher

e th e regressio n of

densit y versu s offshor

e distanc e ha s aslop e o f

>0 , eithe r th e offshor

e distanc e fro

mth e wate

r curren t datao r a n averag e distanc e based o

n th e dept h distributio n ofth e adult s offshor e will b e used . Literatur

e value s (e.g. , CalCOFI ) will b e usedt o plac e aceilin g o n bot h th e distanc e an

d densit y value s usedi

n the offshor e extrapolation . Paramete r value s neededi

n performing th e extrapolatio n wer e obtaine d b

y using analysi s o f covarianc e base

do n all ofth e datafro

mthe survey s within th e perio d July 199 7 through Jun e

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-3 3 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 6 4. 0 Method s 1998 . Anothe r se to f

parameter value s wa s calculate d fo r th e perio d July 199 8 through Jun e 1999 . A quadrati c mode l wa s teste d in th e analysi s
*o =a i + P w u + r% + £ij wher e ^—normall y distribute d erro r ter m with mea i o f

zero , w y = distanc e fo r th e it

h observatio n i n they't

h survey , S u = larva l density fo r th e ith observatio n in they't h survey an

d °v > Pi 7- regression coefficients . A linea r mode l produce d a bette r fiti n al l cases : fiu= a i + P w y +£ >jA commo n slope , fi , fo r al l survey s an d uniqu e intercepts , a, , fo r eac h surve y wer e derive d fro m th e model . I

ti s reasonabl e t o assum e a commo n slope , bu tdifference s i

n abundanc e betwee n survey s required fittin g differen tintercepts . Th e illustratio n belo w depict s thre e hypothetical surve y periods .

Densit y

Distanc e Not e tha tuniqu e distance s (i.e. , intercepts ) ar e use d fro m each surve y perio d whe n calculatin g N P . Th e valu e o f

P s compute d usin g thi s metho d t o extrapolat e increasin g o r decreasin g densitie s offshor e wil l resul ti n non-uniform densitie s ove r th e extrapolate d area o f inference . TENERA E9-055. 0 4-3 4 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 7 4. 0 Method s Therefore , thi s valu e woul

dno t b e equa l to aP s tha

t i s computed usin g th e rati o o f are aor volum e fro mth e gri dan

dthe populatio n o f

inference . Th

e estimat e o f P M obtaine d usin g the extrapolate dvalu e o f

P s will b e compare d fo

r th e Pacific sardine an

d norther n anchovy t o their fisher y managemen

t area s an dexistin g biomas s estimates . The rati o ofth e extrapolate d are at o th e fisher y managemen

t are awill b e used t o estimat e the effects o f

entrainmen

t o n thes e populations . A P s fo r nearshor e tax awill b e calculate d usin g th e alongshor e lengt h ofth e samplin g grid , L G , an d th e tota l alongshor

e displacement , L P , t o predic t

acoastwis e fraction ofth e populatio n o f inferenc e (Figur e 4-7) . The tota l alongshor

e displacemen

t i n the it h survey , L

p , include s bot

h upcoas t an ddowncoas t

movemen t calculate d durin g aperio d equa l to th e larva

l duratio n befor

e each survey . N o onshor

e o r offshor e current movemen t wa s incorporate d i

n th e calculate d populatio n fraction :

^ L L p - G — G



### 4.4.4. 3 Assumption s Assumption s associate dwit h th e estimatio n o f

P M includ e the following :

• Th e sample s a

t eac h survey perio d represen

t ane w an d independen

t cohor t o f larvae .

• Th e monthl

y estimate s of

larva l abundanc e represen

t aproportio n o f

tota l annua l larva l productio n durin g tha

t month .

• The conditiona

l probabilit

y o f entrainment

{PE,) i s constan

t within monthl

y surve y periods .

• P s accurately characterize s th e fraction ofth e target population represente d b

y th e samplin g grid .

• Length s an

dappliedgrowt

h rate s o f larva e accurately estimat

e larva l duratio n

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-3 5 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 8 4. 0 Method s Tabl e 4-1 . Lis t

o f targe t tax afo r assessmen

t i n DCP P 316(b ) Demonstration . Target taxa , listed i n phylogeneti c order , wer

e selecte d a

t th e Ma y 7 , 199 9 ETW

G meeting . Common Nam e Scientifi c Nam e Brown rock

cra b Slende r cra b Pacifi c sardin e Norther n anchovy Blu e rockfis h comple x KG B rockfis h comple x Painte dgreenlin g Smoothhea

dsculpin Snubnos e sculpin Cabezo n White croaker Monkeyfac e pricklebac k Clini dkelpfishe s Blackey e gob y Sandda b Californi ahalibut Cancer antennarius Cancer gracilis Sardinops sagax Engraulis mordax " f Sebastes spp . V /

5" . mystinus ^Sebastes spp . V_De/V_D_ Oxylebius pictus Artedius lateralis Orthonopias triads Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Genyonemus lineatus Cebidichthys violaceus Gibbonsia spp . Coryphopterus nicholsi Citharichthys spp . Paralichthys californicus tSebastes spp . V

7 S. mystinus, and Sebastes spp . V_De/V_D

_refe rt o pigmentatio n group s withi n th e larva l rockfis h comple x tha

twer e use d a s a taxonomi c grou p in thi s study .

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-3 6 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.9 9 4. 0 Methods Tabl e 4-2 . Pigmen

t groups , parturitio n pea

k period s (PPM) , and seasonalit y o f preflexion rockfish . larva

e fro mNishimoto (i

n prep.) . The cod e fo r eac h grou p is base d o n th e followin

g lette r designations : V

_= lon g serie s of ventra l pigmentation (start s directl y a t anus ) V = shor t serie s of ventra l pigmentation (start s 3- 6 myomere s afte

r anus ) D

_= lon g serie s o f dorsa l pigmentation (

4 o r mor e i n a continuou s line ) extending t o above anu s D = shor t serie s o f dorsa l pigmentation ( 4 o r

mor e i n a continuou s line ) not

extendin g t

o anu s D e = elongatin g serie s o f dorsa l pigmentation ; scattered melanophore s afte

r continuou s one s stop ) d - develop s dorsa

l pigmentation (1- 2 o

r scattered melanophores ) P = pectora

l blade pigmentation p = develop s pectora

l pigmentation (1- 2 o r

scattere d melanophores )

LETTE R COD E SPECIE S COMMO N '77-'8 4 Parturition perio d N an d C C A NAM E SUBGENU

S PP M (Wylli e Echeverri

a 1987) V_ P Lon g ventra l series , n o dorsal , pectora

l pigmen t 5 . chlorostictus greenspottedSebastomu s 5 . ensifer swordspine Sebastomu s Apr-Se p Uncommo n i n centra l C A (Mille r an d Le a1972 ) V D Lon

g ventra l series , shor

tdorsa l series , n o pectora l pigmen t 5 . saxicola stripetail Allosebaste s Ja n Jan-Ma

r (Nov-Mar, Phillip s 1964) V_D

_Lon g ventra l series , shor

tdorsa l series , n o pectora l pigmen t

V D e o r V De P o r V_de p 5 . atrovirens

S. chrysomelas S. maliger S. nebulosus S. semicinctus kel p Mebaru s

blac k an dyello w Pteropodu s quillbac k Chin a halfbande d Pteropodu s

Pteropodu s Allosebaste s N D

Fe b Ap r ? N D N D Feb-Ma r (Jan-Ma y (Larso n 1980) ) Apr-Ju l 7 Jan-Ap r for souther n C A (Lov e et

al . 1990 ) Lon g ventra l series , elongatin g dorsa l series , pectora l pigmen t S. auriculatus S. camatus S. caurinus S. dalli S. rastrelliger brow n

gophe r coppe r calic o gras s Auctospin a

Pteropodu s Pteropodu s Allosebaste s Pteropodu s Jun e

Ma r Fe b 0 N D Dec-Jan , principall y May-Ju l (May , Larso n 1980 ) Mar-May (May , Larso n 1980 ) Fe b Uncommo n i n centra l C A (Mille r an d Le a1972 ) N D

TENER A E9-055. 0 4-3 7 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1,200 0P.10 0 4. 0 Method s Tabl e 4-2 . (continued) . Pigment groups , parturitio n pea

k period s (PPM) , an

d seasonalit

y o f preflexion Sebastes spp . larvae fro mNishimoto (in prep.) . LETTE R COD E V

V P

Vd p

V D SPECIE S COMMO N NAM E SUBGENU S Shor tventra l series , n o dorsa l series , n o pectora l S. aleutianus S. alutus S. brevispinis S. crameri S. diploproa S. elongatus S. macdonaldi S. miniatus S. nigrocinctus S. proriger S. rosaceus S. ruberrimus S. serriceps S. umbrosus S. wilsoni S. zacentrus roughey e

PO P silvergre y darkblotche d splitnos e greenstripe d Mexica n vermilio n tige r redstrip e ros y yellowey e treefis h honeycom b pygm y sharpchi n Zalopy r

Acutomentu m Acutomentu m Eosebaste s Allosebaste s Hispaniscu s Acutomentu m Rosicol a Sebastichty s Allosebaste s Sebastomu s Sebastopy r Sebastocaru s Sebastomu s Acutomentu m Allosebaste s Shor tventra l series , n o dorsa l series , variou s pattern s (A t smalle r siz e migh t

fi t int o grou p 5 . constellatus S. eos S. goodei S. helvomaculatu. S. levis S. melanostomus S. paucispinis S. rosenblatti S. rubrivinctus starr y

pin k chilipeppe r • rosetho m cowco d blackgil l bocacci o greenblotche d fla g V above )

Sebastode s Sebastomu s Sebastode s Sebastomu s Hispaniscu s Eosebaste s Sebastode s Sebastomu s Hispaniscu s '77-'8 4

PP M N D Mar N D Ja n Ju l Ma y ND Se p N D 7 Ju n Ju n N D N D N D 7 Parturitio n perio d N an d C C A (Wylli e Echeverri a 1987 )

Jan-Ma r (? ) Nov-Ma r (Nov-Mar , Larso n 1980 ) Jan-Se p (Feb-Jul , Phillip s 1964 ) May-Ju l Se p (Nov , Mose r

1967 ; Nov-Mar , Phillip s 1964 ) Jul-Au g Apr-Ju l Apr-Ju l (? ) N D May-Ju n o f pectora l pigmentatio n Ap r N D Ja n 9 De c Fe b Fe b N D 0 Shor tventra l series , develop s dorsa l series , develop s variou s (A t stag e 1- 2 ca n S. entomelas S. flavidus S. melanops S. mystinus S. rufus S. serranoides confus e with V abov e du e t o lac k o f dorsa l an d wido w yellowtai l blac k blu e ban k oliv e Shor tventra l series , shor tdorsa l i S. aurora S. babcocki S. gilli S. hopkinsi S. jordani S. ovalis S. pinniger Specie s withou tdescription s

S. phillipsi auror a

redbande d bronzespotte d squarespo t shortbell y speckle d canar y o r illustration s chameleo n Acutomentu m

Sebastosomu s Sebastosomu s Sebastosomu s Acutomentu m Sebastosomu s .erie s Eosebaste s Rosicol a Sebastosomu s Acutomentu m Sebastode s Acutomentu m Rosicol a 7 7 Fe b

Fe b Fe b Ja n Fe b Fe b Ap r Ma y 7 Mar Fe b May De c Apr-Ma y N D Nov-Ju n (Nov-Mar , Phillip s 1964 ) May-Ju n Dec-Fe b Feb-Ap r Jan-Ma y (Nov-Mar , Mose r 1967 ) N D Ju l jattem s o f

pectora l pigmentatio n pectora l pigmentation. ) Dec-Ap r (Nov-Mar , Phillip s 1964 ) Jan-Ju l (Nov-Mar , Phillip s 1964 ) Jan-Ma y Nov-Ja n (Nov-Jan , Wale s 1952 ) Dec-Ma y Jan-Ma r Mar-Ma y Ma y Uncommo n i n centra l C A (Mille r an d Le a1972 ) Feb-Ma r Feb-Ap r (Nov-Apr , Phillip s 1964 ) May Dec-Ma r (Nov-Mar . Mose r

1967 ) Uncommo n i n centra l C A (Mille r an d TENER A E9-055. 0 4-3 8 Fina l 316(b ) Demonstratio n Marc h 1.200 0