UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA

ROBERT C. MCCHESNEY, in his official, )

capacity as Treasurer of Bart McLeay for )

U.S. Senate, Inc., et al., )

)

Plaintiffs, ) No. 8:16-cv-168-LSC-FG3

) 

v. )

) 

MATTHEW S. PETERSEN, in his )

official capacity as Chair of the Federal ) REPLY BRIEF IN SUPPORT

Election Commission, et al., ) OF MOTION TO DISMISS

)

Defendants. )

)

REPLY BRIEF OF DEFENDANTS FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION AND 

MATTHEW S. PETERSEN IN SUPPORT OF THEIR MOTION TO DISMISS

Daniel A. Petalas 

Acting General Counsel

Lisa J. Stevenson 

Deputy General Counsel

Kevin Deeley

Associate General Counsel

August 22, 2016

Erin Chlopak

Acting Assistant General Counsel

Robert W. Bonham III

Senior Attorney

FOR DEFENDANTS 

MATTHEW S. PETERSEN AND 

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 

999 E Street, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20463

(202) 694-1650

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1

ARGUMENT............................................................................................................................ 2

I. PLAINTIFFS MISCONSTRUE THE STANDARD OF REVIEW

 APPLICABLE HERE................................................................................................... 2

II. THE FEC PROPERLY SUBMITTED THE PORTIONS OF THE

ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD “REFERENCED IN THE COMPLAINT” .............. 5

III. PLAINTIFFS HAVE NOT PROPERLY CHALLENGED THE MERITS OF

 THE COMMISSION’S ADMINISTRATIVE FINE DETERMINATION ................. 8

IV. THE FEC’S CIVIL PENALTY FORMULA FOR 48-HOUR NOTICES

WAS LAWFULLY APPLIED TO PLAINTIFFS’ REPORTING 

VIOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 10

A. The 2014 Extension of the Administrative Fines Regulations 

 Did Not Alter the Civil Penalty Formula for Untimely 48-Hour 

 Notices or Any Other Civil Penalty................................................................ 10

B. Plaintiffs’ Other Objections to the FEC’s Procedures for Implementing

 Congress’s Extension of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program 

 Do Not Provide a Legal Basis for Setting Aside the Commission’s

 Final Determination and Civil Penalty Assessment........................................ 12

V. PLAINTIFFS MISUNDERSTAND THE COMMISSION’S 

 JURISDICTION AND STANDING ARGUMENTS ................................................ 15

CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 16

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Page

Cases

Atchison, Topeka & S.F. Ry. Co. v. Witchita Bd. of Trade, 412 U.S. 800 (1973).......................... 8

Bettor Racing, Inc. v. Nat’l Indian Gaming Comm’n, 47 F. Supp. 3d 912 (D.S.D. 2014)......... 3, 4

Bowen v. Mass., 487 U.S. 879 (1988)........................................................................................... 16

Braniff Master Exec. Council of Air Line Pilots Ass’n Int’l v. Civil Aeronautics Bd.,

693 F.2d 220 (D.C. Cir. 1982)................................................................................................ 14

Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984)............................. 4

Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington v. FEC, No. 1:14-cv-1419,

2015 WL 10354778 (D.D.C. Aug. 13, 2015) ........................................................................ 16

Combat Veterans for Cong. Political Action Comm. v. FEC,

795 F.3d 151 (D.C. Cir. 2015).................................................................................. 3, 9, 12, 14

Combat Veterans for Cong. Political Action Comm. v. FEC, 983 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2013)... 3

Commc’ns Sys., Inc. v. FCC, 595 F.2d 797 (D.C. Cir. 1978)................................................. 12, 13

Common Cause v. NRC, 674 F.2d 921 (D.C. Cir. 1982).............................................................. 13

Deerbrook Pavilion, LLC v. Shalala, 235 F.3d 1100 (8th Cir. 2000) ............................................ 5

FEC v. Democratic Senatorial Campaign Comm., 454 U.S. 27 (1981)................................... 4, 15

Global NAPs, Inc. v. FCC, 247 F.3d 252 (D.C. Cir. 2001)............................................................ 4

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) ............................................................. 12, 15

Mahnomen Cty. v. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 604 F. Supp 2d 1252 (D. Minn. 2009) ................... 3

Marshall Cty. Health Care Auth. v. Shalala, 988 F.2d 1221 (D.C. Cir. 1993) .......................... 3, 4

Mooney v. Federated Mut. Ins. Co., No. 8:04CV226, 

2005 WL 2044917 (D. Neb. Aug. 25, 2005) ............................................................................ 5

Pac. Legal Found. v. Council on Envtl. Quality, 636 F.2d 1259 (D.C. Cir. 1980) ...................... 13

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Pan Am. World Airways, Inc. v. Civil Aeronautics Bd., 684 F.2d 31 (D.C. Cir. 1982)................ 14

Podraza v. Whiting, 790 F.3d 828 (8th Cir. 2015) ......................................................................... 5

Silver v. H&R Block, Inc., 105 F.3d 394 (8th Cir. 1997).............................................................. 10

Sokol v. Kennedy, 210 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2000)........................................................................... 11

South Dakota v. U.S. Dep’t of Interior, 423 F.3d 790 (8th Cir. 2005) ..................................... 4, 15

Voyageurs Nat’l Park Ass’n v. Norton, 381 F.3d 759 (8th Cir. 2004) .......................................... 8

Whitney v. Franklin Gen. Hosp., 995 F. Supp. 2d 917 (N.D. Iowa 2014)...................................... 5

Statutes and Regulations

Act of Dec. 26, 2013, Pub. L. No. 113-72 .................................................................................... 11

Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-58, 

§ 640, 113 Stat. 430 (1999)....................................................................................................... 8

5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)................................................................................................................. 3, 14

5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(C)..................................................................................................................... 14

52 U.S.C. § 30104(a) .................................................................................................................. 2, 9

52 U.S.C. § 30106(e) .................................................................................................................... 12

52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(3).................................................................................................................. 9

52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C) ............................................................................................................ 9

52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C)(iii) ................................................................................................ 3, 15

52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C)(v)...................................................................................................... 12

11 C.F.R. § 111.35(b) ..................................................................................................................... 8

11 C.F.R. § 111.44.......................................................................................................................... 1

Miscellaneous

65 Cong. Rec. H5622 (daily ed. July 15, 1999) (statement of Rep. Maloney)............................... 9

Administrative Fines, 65 Fed. Reg. 31787 (May 19, 2000) .......................................................... 9

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Certification, In re Draft Final Rules and Explanation and Justification on Administrative Fines 

Extension (Jan. 13, 2014), http://sers.fec.gov/fosers/showpdf.htm?docid=304198 ................. 7

Extension of Administrative Fines Program, 73 Fed. Reg. 72687 (Dec. 1, 2008) ....................... 11

Extension of Administrative Fines Program, 79 Fed. Reg. 3302 (Jan. 21, 2014) ........................ 10

FEC Directive 52 (Sept. 10, 2008), 

 http://web.archive.org/web/20101122170014/http://fec.gov/directives/directive_52.pdf......... 6

FEC Directive No. 52 (amend. Oct. 28, 2015), 

http://www.fec.gov/directives/directive_52.pdf ......................................................................... 6

H.R. Rep. No. 106-295 (1999)....................................................................................................... 9

Mem. to the Comm. from Lisa J. Stevenson, Deputy General Counsel; Adav Noti, Acting

 Associate General Counsel; and Robert M. Knop, Assistant General Counsel, Re: Draft 

Final Rules and Explanation and Justification on Administrative Fines Extension 

(Jan. 6, 2014), http://sers.fec.gov/fosers/showpdf.htm?docid=304125...................................... 7

Notice 2014-11, Extension of Administrative Fines Program: Final Rule, 

 https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/01/21/2014-00960/extension-of-administrative-

 fines-program (Jan. 21, 2014).................................................................................................... 7

S. Rep. No. 94-354 (1975)........................................................................................................... 14

FEC Sunshine Notice, Re: January 16, 2014 Open Meeting, 

 http://www.fec.gov/sunshine/2014/open/notice20140116.pdf....................................................7

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INTRODUCTION

Plaintiffs’ Opposition to the Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendants Federal Election 

Commission and its Chairman, Matthew S. Petersen (collectively, the “Commission” or “FEC”) 

confirms that their challenge to the FEC’s final determination and administrative fine lacks any 

merit and should be dismissed. Plaintiffs still do not dispute their failure to file 48-hour notices 

for the contributions and loans underlying the determination and fine challenged here, nor do 

they dispute that such notices were required by the Federal Election Campaign Act (the “Act” or 

“FECA”). Plaintiff also do not dispute that the Commission calculated their $12,122 

administrative fine in accordance with the formula set forth in the applicable regulation, 11 

C.F.R. § 111.44. Plaintiffs’ challenge is instead premised on multiple, fundamental 

misunderstandings of law and mischaracterizations of the FEC’s legal position in this case. 

First, plaintiffs misunderstand the standard of review that governs actions like this one for 

judicial review of a final agency determination. Contrary to plaintiffs’ insistence that the Court 

must defer to their factual allegations, here, the factual issues have already been resolved during 

the administrative proceedings and the only issue before the Court is whether the Commission’s 

final determination and fine were arbitrary, capricious, or otherwise unlawful. As detailed in the 

FEC’s opening memorandum and below, they were not. 

Second, plaintiffs object to the Commission’s submission of only the portions of the 

administrative record specifically referenced in their complaint, ignoring binding precedent

explicitly endorsing such an approach. 

Third, plaintiffs suggest that the FEC lacked the authority to limit the available grounds 

for challenging their administrative fine, disregarding FECA’s legislative history and case law 

detailing the purpose and streamlined nature of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program.

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Fourth, plaintiffs persist in mischaracterizing the Commission’s non-discretionary 

implementation of Congress’s extension of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program as a 

substantive “change” to the Commission’s regulations. It was not, and plaintiffs’ arguments 

premised on their erroneous characterizations of the regulation are therefore entirely misplaced. 

Fifth, plaintiffs misconstrue the Commission’s arguments regarding the overbroad scope 

of their challenge and the relief they purport to seek, while still failing to demonstrate standing to 

challenge the Commission’s supposed “‘enormous’ power to establish the penal code for all 

federal elections for the nation,’” (FEC Mem. at 21 n.13 (Doc. No. 21-1) (quoting plaintiffs’ 

Complaint)) or any basis for obtaining a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, or monetary 

damages in this judicial review action under FECA.

In addition to making these erroneous arguments, plaintiffs grossly mischaracterize the 

Commission’s position in this matter, falsely claiming that the FEC has asserted it “is entitled to 

do whatever it wants,” “ignore the rules,” or to “make up penalties as it goes along” (Opp’n at 3, 

7). The Commission has made no such assertions and plaintiffs fail to identify any legitimate

basis for this court to find that the Commission’s administrative fine determination was arbitrary 

or capricious. It was not. Under the standard of review that actually applies here, the agency’s 

determination must be affirmed. 

ARGUMENT

I. PLAINTIFFS MISCONSTRUE THE STANDARD OF REVIEW 

APPLICABLE HERE

In this action, plaintiffs seek judicial review of the Commission’s final determination that 

they violated 52 U.S.C. § 30104(a) by failing to file statutorily required disclosures of certain 

last-minute campaign contributions, and the Commission’s assessment of a $12,122 civil penalty 

against them for those violations. As the FEC explained in its opening brief (FEC Mem. 

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at 11-12 (Doc. No. 21-1)), when a party asks a court to determine whether an FEC administrative 

fine should be “‘modified or set aside’ under 52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C)(iii), courts apply the 

[well-established] standard of review for final agency” determinations in the Administrative 

Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A), and evaluate whether the challenged agency 

decision was arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of the agency’s broad discretion, or otherwise 

contrary to law. See Combat Veterans for Cong. Political Action Comm. v. FEC, 983 F. Supp. 

2d 1, 10 (D.D.C. 2013), aff’d 795 F.3d 151 (D.C. Cir. 2015). 

Under that standard, “‘[a]gency action . . . is reviewed, not tried,” Bettor Racing, Inc. v. 

Nat’l Indian Gaming Comm’n, 47 F. Supp. 3d 912, 918-19 (D.S.D. 2014) (quoting Lodge Tower 

Condominium Ass’n v. Lodge Properties, Inc., 880 F. Supp. 1370, 1374 (D. Colo. 1995)), aff’d

812 F.3d 648 (8th Cir. 2016), the “‘court sits as an appellate tribunal,’” and the “entire case on 

review is a question of law, and only a question of law,” Marshall Cty. Health Care Auth. v. 

Shalala, 988 F.2d 1221, 1225-26 (D.C. Cir. 1993) (“Marshall Cty.”).) “‘[B]ecause [the] court 

can fully resolve any purely legal question on a motion to dismiss, there is no inherent barrier to 

reaching the merits at the 12(b)(6) stage’” and the district court therefore can apply the APA 

standard of review and dismiss the complaint. Mahnomen Cty. v. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 

604 F. Supp. 2d 1252, 1256 (D. Minn. 2009) (quoting Marshall Cty., 988 F.2d at 1226).)

In their opposition brief (Opp’n at 4), plaintiffs “overlook the character of the questions 

before the district court when an agency action is challenged,” Marshall Cty., 988 F.2d at 1226, 

and repeatedly press (e.g., Opp’n at 4, 9, 26) their erroneous argument that their factual 

allegations must be “accepted as true and viewed most favorably to” them. In fact, where, as 

here, a court is reviewing an administrative determination, the “‘[f]actual issues have been 

presented, disputed, and resolved; and the issue is not whether the material facts are disputed, but 

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whether the agency properly dealt with the facts.’” Bettor Racing, Inc., 47 F. Supp. 3d at 918-19 

(quoting Lodge Tower Condominium Ass’n, 880 F. Supp. at 1374). Plaintiffs’ “complaint, 

properly read, actually presents no factual allegations, but rather only arguments about the legal 

conclusion to be drawn about the agency action” and accordingly, “the sufficiency of the 

complaint is the question on the merits.” Marshall Cty., 988 F.2d at 1226. And their reliance on 

cases applying Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) in other contexts that do not involve 

judicial review of agency action under the APA is thus entirely misplaced.

Plaintiffs’ insistence that the Court must defer to their factual allegations is also contrary 

to the well-settled principle, which the Commission previously explained (FEC Mem. at 12), that 

the arbitrary and capricious standard of review is highly deferential to the agency and 

“presume[s] the validity of agency action.” Global NAPs, Inc. v. FCC, 247 F.3d 252, 257 (D.C. 

Cir. 2001) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). The Supreme Court has recognized 

that deference to an agency decision is warranted where, as here, an agency interprets a statute it 

administers. Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842-43 

(1984); see FEC v. Democratic Senatorial Campaign Comm., 454 U.S. 27, 37 (1981) (explaining 

that the FEC “is precisely the type of agency to which deference should presumptively be 

afforded”). And still further deference is required where, as here, an agency interprets its own 

regulations. South Dakota v. U.S. Dep’t of Interior, 423 F.3d 790, 799 (8th Cir. 2005). Aside 

from their mistaken reliance on inapposite cases that do not involve judicial review of agency 

decisions, plaintiffs do not, and cannot, dispute these well-settled principles governing the highly 

deferential standard that applies to this Court’s review of the FEC’s administrative fine 

determination challenged here. Their arguments regarding the applicable standard of review 

plainly lack merit and should be rejected.

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II. THE FEC PROPERLY SUBMITTED THE PORTIONS OF THE 

ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD “REFERENCED IN THE COMPLAINT”

The FEC also previously explained, both in its opening brief (FEC Mem. at 12-13) and in 

the correspondence plaintiffs attach to their opposition (Grasz Aff., Exh. A (Doc. No. 27-3)), that 

in deciding the agency’s motion to dismiss, the court may consider the portions of the 

administrative record expressly referenced in (and thus incorporated into) plaintiffs’ complaint, 

which the Commission attached as FEC Exhibits 1-5 to its dismissal motion. 

In their opposition, plaintiffs rely (Opp’n at 4-5 & n.2) on several out-of-circuit decisions 

and an inapplicable procedural rule governing certain proceedings in the federal courts of 

appeals to suggest that the Commission’s approach was improper and that the agency was 

required to submit the full administrative record in support of its motion to dismiss here. Once 

again, plaintiffs are wrong. The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, the decisions of which 

are binding on this Court, has explicitly stated that “[o]n a motion to dismiss, . . . matters of . . . 

administrative record referenced in the complaint may . . . be taken into account.” Deerbrook 

Pavilion, LLC v. Shalala, 235 F.3d 1100, 1102 (8th Cir. 2000) (emphasis added); see also, e.g., 

Podraza v. Whiting, 790 F.3d 828, 833 (8th Cir. 2015) (explaining that in deciding a motion to 

dismiss, courts “‘ordinarily examine . . . documents incorporated into the complaint by 

reference, and matters of which a court may take judicial notice’”) (emphasis added; quoting 

Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 551 U.S. 308, 322 (2007)); Whitney v. 

Franklin Gen. Hosp., 995 F. Supp. 2d 917, 921 (N.D. Iowa 2014) (“The moving defendants have 

attached to their Motion To Dismiss various documents from the administrative record, which I 

may also consider on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.” (citing Deerbrook Pavilion, LLC, 235 

F.3d at 1102)); Mooney v. Federated Mut. Ins. Co., No. 8:04CV226, 2005 WL 2044917, at *2 

(D. Neb. Aug. 25, 2005) (quoting Deerbrook Pavilion, LLC). Neither in their correspondence 

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attached to their opposition brief nor in the opposition brief itself have plaintiffs identified a 

single applicable procedural rule or binding court decision that contradicts Deerbrook Pavilion

and requires the Commission to submit the full administrative record at this stage of the 

proceedings.1

Plaintiffs’ suggestion (Opp’n at 5) that the FEC has omitted “other parts of the 

Administrative Record ‘expressly referenced’” in their complaint is also incorrect. In support of 

that claim, plaintiffs rely on their own statements in email correspondence attached as an exhibit 

to their opposition (Grasz Aff., Exh. A) that identify (a) a publicly available Commission 

Directive, which describes Commission voting procedures in effect since September 2008 and 

has nothing to do with the March 2016 administrative fine challenged here, and (b) various 

publicly available documents related to the Commission’s January 2014 extension of its 

Administrative Fines Regulations. Because none of these documents are part of the underlying 

administrative record in this action for judicial review of plaintiffs’ administrative fine, even if 

the Commission were to submit the full contents of the administrative record here, these

documents would not be included.2 Plaintiffs’ contrary assertion (Opp’n at 5) that the 

 1 In the event the Court denies the FEC’s motion and the parties must proceed to summary 

judgment briefing, the Commission will then submit the full administrative record for the Court’s 

review. But the Commission anticipates that such review will not be necessary because the 

standard of review of the administrative action would be identical, and plaintiffs’ challenge 

provides no basis to avoid the properly calculated fine that applies to their undisputed violations 

of law.

2 Although these documents are neither part of the administrative record nor supportive of 

plaintiffs’ challenge to their administrative fine, they are all publicly available. Both the 2008 

version of FEC Directive 52, which plaintiffs reference in the correspondence attached as an 

exhibit to their opposition, and the current version of that Directive, which is materially identical 

to the portions of the September 2008 version relied on by plaintiffs, are available online. See 

FEC Directive No. 52, http://www.fec.gov/directives/directive_52.pdf (amend. Oct. 28, 2015); 

see also FEC Directive 52 (Sept. 10, 2008) (Internet Archive.Org), 

http://web.archive.org/web/20101122170014/http://fec.gov/directives/directive_52.pdf (posting 

2008 version of Directive No. 52). 

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Commission has omitted “other parts of the Administrative Record ‘expressly referenced (and 

thus incorporated into) plaintiffs’ complaint’” is thus incorrect.3

The Commission has properly submitted the portions of the administrative record 

referenced in plaintiffs’ complaint and its motion to dismiss may be decided — and should be 

 

The January 6, 2014 memorandum to the Commission from its Office of General Counsel 

and the January 7, 2014 ballot, both of which plaintiffs referenced in their attached 

correspondence, are available on the Commission’s website. See Ballot (Jan. 7, 2014) and Mem. 

to the Comm. from Lisa J. Stevenson, Deputy General Counsel; Adav Noti, Acting Associate 

General Counsel; and Robert M. Knop, Assistant General Counsel, Re: Draft Final Rules and 

Explanation and Justification on Administrative Fines Extension (Jan. 6, 2014), 

http://sers.fec.gov/fosers/showpdf.htm?docid=304125. 

The Sunshine Notice for the FEC’s January 16, 2014 Open Meeting, which plaintiffs 

referenced in their attached correspondence, is also available on the FEC’s website, 

http://www.fec.gov/sunshine/2014/open/notice20140116.pdf. 

The official January 13, 2014 Certification of the Commission’s unanimous adoption of 

the Draft Final Rules and Explanation and Justification on Administrative Fines Extension, 

which plaintiffs reference and misleadingly characterize as “unsworn” in their attached 

correspondence, is likewise available on the FEC’s website,

http://sers.fec.gov/fosers/showpdf.htm?docid=304198. 

The two Federal Register Notices that plaintiffs reference in their attached 

correspondence are respectively available on the Federal Register and FEC websites. See Notice 

2014-11, Extension of Administrative Fines Program: Final Rule, 

https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/01/21/2014-00960/extension-of-administrativefines-program (Jan. 21, 2014) (click on “Public Inspection” in the right-hand column, linking to 

https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2014-00960.pdf); Extension of 

Administrative Fines Program, 79 Fed. Reg. 3302 (Jan. 21, 2014), 

http://sers.fec.gov/fosers/showpdf.htm?docid=304204. 

3 Plaintiffs’ correspondence attached to their opposition incorrectly suggested that the 

Commission “failed to produce th[e] part of the AR relating to” the Commission’s “alleged 

ratification of the ‘initial determination and preliminary civil penalty’” in its motion to dismiss. 

Plaintiffs refer (Grasz Aff., Exh. A at 2) to the Commission’s description of that ratification in a 

footnote in the background section of its opening brief (FEC Mot. to Dismiss at 9 n.6). The 

Commission included the only document plaintiffs reference in their complaint concerning such 

ratification (Compl. ¶ 36 & n.7), and a note that the ratification of the FEC’s reason-to-believe 

determination had occurred as part of the procedural history leading to the FEC’s final 

administrative fine determination (see FEC Mot. to Dismiss, FEC Exh. 5 at FEC100 n.1). 

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granted — based on the Court’s consideration of those documents and the FEC’s arguments in 

support of dismissal.

III. PLAINTIFFS HAVE NOT PROPERLY CHALLENGED THE MERITS OF THE 

COMMISSION’S ADMINISTRATIVE FINE DETERMINATION

In the FEC’s opening brief (FEC Mem. at 13), the Commission explained that a penalty 

assessed pursuant to FECA’s Administrative Fines Program may only be challenged on one of 

three permissible grounds: that the Commission’s finding was based on a factual error; that the 

Commission improperly calculated the civil penalty; or that respondents used “best efforts,” as 

defined in FEC regulations, to file in a timely manner. 11 C.F.R. § 111.35(b). The Commission 

further explained (FEC Mem. at 13) that plaintiffs failed to establish any of the three permissible 

grounds for challenging the agency’s determination and penalty calculation here. (FEC Exh. 5 

at FEC102 (citing 11 C.F.R. § 111.35(b)).) And the Commission also explained (FEC Mem. at 

13) that plaintiffs’ failure to establish any basis upon which this Court could question the 

“rational[ity]” of the administrative fine required that the Commission’s determination be 

affirmed. See Atchison, Topeka & S.F. Ry. Co. v. Witchita Bd. of Trade, 412 U.S. 800, 807 

(1973) (explaining that an agency’s action must be affirmed if it is “supportable on any rational 

basis”); Voyageurs Nat’l Park Ass’n v. Norton, 381 F.3d 759, 763 (8th Cir. 2004) (same). 

In response, plaintiffs now claim, without any legal support, that the Commission lacks 

authority to limit plaintiffs’ permissible defenses to an administrative fine determination. (Opp’n 

at 16-17.) Plaintiffs are wrong. As the Commission explained in its opening brief (FEC Mem. at 

4-5), Congress established FECA’s Administrative Fines Program for the specific purpose of 

streamlining the Commission’s enforcement system for violations of the FECA’s periodic filing 

requirements. See Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2000, Pub. L. No. 

106-58, § 640, 113 Stat. 430, 476-477 (1999); 52 U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C). 

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FECA’s “administrative fines” program “create[d] a simplified procedure for the FEC to 

administratively handle reporting violations.” H.R. Rep. No. 106-295, at 11 (1999). Its 

procedure, “much like traffic tickets, . . . let[s] the agency deal with minor violations of the law 

in an expeditious manner.” 65 Cong. Rec. H5622 (daily ed. July 15, 1999) (statement of Rep. 

Maloney); see Combat Veterans for Cong. Political Action Comm. v. FEC, 795 F.3d 151, 154 

(D.C. Cir. 2015) (“Combat Vets”) (“With those amendments, Congress sought to make it easier 

for the Commission to enforce [FECA’s] deadlines.”). Consistent with Congress’s express 

purpose, the Commission has described the “sound policy reasons for limiting the respondents’ 

defenses” in administrative fine matters:

A key cornerstone of campaign finance law is the full and timely disclosure of the 

political committee’s financial activity. Such disclosure is essential to providing 

the public with accurate and complete information regarding the financing of 

federal candidates and political campaigns. Thus, violations of the reporting 

requirements of [52 U.S.C. § 30104(a)] are strict liability offenses. Political 

committees are aware or should be aware of their legal duty to file the required 

reports in a timely manner, and the Commission makes ongoing efforts to remind 

committees of their duty. Committees are given ample time from the end of the 

reporting period to the filing deadline to prepare and file their reports. Absent 

extraordinary circumstances beyond the committees’ control, the Commission 

sees no reason why committees cannot file their reports by the deadline. 

FEC, Administrative Fines, 65 Fed. Reg. 31787, 31789-90 (May 19, 2000). As the Court of 

Appeals for the D.C. Circuit has held, in agreement with a lower court decision reaching the 

same conclusion, “the Commission’s regulation setting forth the circumstances in which it will 

mitigate damages is not arbitrary or capricious or inconsistent with [FECA].” Combat Vets, 795 

F.3d at 159. Moreover, plaintiffs’ misplaced reliance (Opp’n at 17) on the more detailed 

enforcement procedures set forth in section 30109(a)(3) ignores that such procedures are 

inapplicable to administrative fines matters like this one, which are governed by the streamlined 

procedures set forth in section 30109(a)(4)(C).

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IV. THE FEC’S CIVIL PENALTY FORMULA FOR 48-HOUR NOTICES WAS 

LAWFULLY APPLIED TO PLAINTIFFS’ REPORTING VIOLATIONS

A. The 2014 Extension of the Administrative Fines Regulations Did Not Alter 

the Civil Penalty Formula for Untimely 48-Hour Notices or Any Other Civil 

Penalty

The Commission’s opening brief explained in detail that its implementation of 

Congress’s extension of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program in FEC regulations was nondiscretionary, involved no substantive changes to the existing administrative fines regulations 

generally, and, in particular, did not make any changes to the already existing civil penalty 

formula for untimely 48-hour notices. (FEC Mem. at 6-8, 15-17.) The “rule merely extend[ed] 

the applicability of the existing [Administrative Fines Program] and delete[ed] one 

administrative provision; the final rule ma[de] no substantive changes to the [Administrative 

Fines Program].” Extension of Administrative Fines Program, 79 Fed. Reg. 3302, 3302 (Jan. 21, 

2014) (“2014 Extension of Administrative Fines Regulation”). 

Plaintiffs’ unfounded contention that the Commission failed to “establish” the applicable 

penalty schedule appears to be premised on their total disregard of the actual content of the 2014 

Extension of Administrative Fines Regulation, and their repeated, erroneous assertion that “the 

Commission changed the rule (without notice) in January 2014.” (Opp’n at 6-7 (emphasis 

added); see id at 15 (emphasizing “importance of public input on rule changes” (emphasis 

added); id. at 16 (citing inapposite case discussing importance of informing public “‘before any 

rules that have a substantial impact on the rights of persons who are subject to them are 

promulgated’”) (citation omitted).) But it is well settled that even under the broader standard of 

review plaintiffs seek to rely on, courts need not accept plaintiffs’ erroneous characterizations of 

law. See, e.g., Silver v. H&R Block, Inc., 105 F.3d 394, 397 (8th Cir. 1997) (explaining, in 

context of ordinary civil action, that a court deciding a motion to dismiss must “reject conclusory 

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allegations of law and unwarranted inferences”).4

Plaintiffs similarly fail to identify any basis for their inference that “Congress expects the 

Commission to conduct an evaluative process” each time the Commission implements the 

statutory extension of the Administrative Fines Program. (Opp’n at 7.) Congress could have 

added such a requirement when it reauthorized the program in 2013, but it did not do so. See Act 

of Dec. 26, 2013, Pub. L. No. 113-72, sec. 1. In any event, plaintiffs fail to explain how the 

vague “evaluative process” they would have preferred could have altered the Commission’s 

obligation to implement Congress’s extension of the end date of the statutory program. Indeed, 

plaintiffs’ desire for “an opportunity to change the rule” (Opp’n at 16) fundamentally ignores 

that the Commission lacked the discretion to “change” the extension that Congress had already 

enacted. 

Plaintiffs’ related attempt to identify flaws in the 2014 Extension of Administrative Fines 

Regulations by questioning the Commission’s need to act quickly is itself fundamentally flawed. 

Plaintiffs repeatedly contend that “the Commission had no looming deadline” to implement the 

extension and that the regulatory extension “would not have any impact for five years.” (Opp’n 

at 14, 15, 16.) In making such erroneous claims, plaintiffs ignore the fact that the prior 

administrative fines regulations expired on December 31, 2013, i.e., less than one month before 

the Commission implemented Congress’s latest extension in its regulations. Extension of 

Administrative Fines Program, 73 Fed. Reg. 72687 (Dec. 1, 2008) (extending administrative 

fines regulations to December 31, 2013); see FEC Mem. at 7-8 (describing circumstances 

 4 For these reasons, Sokol v. Kennedy, 210 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2000), upon which plaintiffs 

purport to rely, is entirely inapposite. Unlike in Sokol, here, the FEC merely extended its 

regulations so that they correspond to the statutory extension that Congress enacted. Far from 

“‘express[ing] . . . contempt for the terms of the statute’” (Opp’n at 13 (quoting Sokol, 210 F.3d 

at 880)), the Commission demonstrated respect for the statute by implementing Congress’s 

command in the agency’s regulations.

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surrounding FEC’s implementation of Congress’s latest extension of the Administrative Fines 

Program). To the extent plaintiffs are objecting to the Commission’s substitution of a crossreference to the expiration date specified in the statutory provision, 52 U.S.C. 

§ 30109(a)(4)(C)(v), to obviate the agency’s need to making conforming amendments to the 

expiration date in the Commission’s regulations in the future when Congress extends the 

expiration date of the statute in the future, plaintiffs fail to offer any explanation of how that nonsubstantive modification renders their current administrative fine arbitrary or capricious, let 

alone demonstrate how it has caused them any actual or imminent harm. See FEC Mem. at 7 

(describing FEC’s implementation of Congress’s most recent extension of FECA’s 

Administrative Fines Program in January 2014); Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 

560-61 (1992) (explaining standing requirements).

B. Plaintiffs’ Other Objections to the FEC’s Procedures for Implementing 

Congress’s Extension of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program Do Not 

Provide a Legal Basis for Setting Aside the Commission’s Final 

Determination and Civil Penalty Assessment

The Commission’s opening brief also demonstrated that the FEC’s regulatory 

implementation of the statutory extension of the Administrative Fines Program pursuant to a 

tally vote procedure was permissible and certainly did not invalidate the civil penalty schedule. 

(See FEC Mem. at 18-19; FEC Exh. 5 at FEC108 (citing Commc’ns Sys., Inc. v. FCC, 595 F.2d 

797, 800-01 (D.C. Cir. 1978) (explaining that agency members may act on agency business using 

notation, or tally, procedure consistent with the Sunshine Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552b)).) The 

Commission has statutory authority to promulgate its own “rules for the conduct of its 

activities,” 52 U.S.C. § 30106(e), and has adopted streamlined notational or “circulation” voting 

procedures for the six FEC Commissioners to vote on routine matters, thereby freeing them to 

devote more of their time to their other responsibilities. (See FEC Mem. at 18 (citing Combat 

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Vets, 795 F.3d at 154).) As the Commission previously explained, absent notation voting,

“consideration of the more serious issues that require joint face-to-face deliberation” would be 

delayed and “the entire administrative process would be slowed perhaps to a standstill.” 

Commc’ns Sys., Inc., 595 F.2d at 801; see also Common Cause v. NRC, 674 F.2d 921, 935 n.42 

(D.C. Cir. 1982); Pac. Legal Found. v. Council on Envtl. Quality, 636 F.2d 1259, 1266 (D.C. 

Cir. 1980). The Commission utilized these tally-vote procedures when it extended the 

administrative fines regulations in an expedited manner in 2014, and neither plaintiffs’ complaint 

nor their opposition brief identifies any legal authority requiring the Commission to implement 

the statutory extension of the Administrative Fines Program in the manner they would have 

preferred. In particular, plaintiffs emphasize the fact that the Commission held an Open Meeting 

on January 16, 2014 (e.g., Compl. ¶¶ 21, 36; Opp’n at 10, 15 & n.6), five days before the 

Commission adopted the 2014 Extension of Administrative Fines Regulations. But that fact is 

irrelevant: even if, as plaintiffs assume, the Commission “could have” considered 

implementation of the statutory extension of the Administrative Fines Program at that meeting

(Opp’n at 15 (emphasis added)), that factual possibility is not even close to legal authority 

requiring the Commission to do so, and it certainly does not demonstrate that plaintiffs’ 

administrative fine was arbitrary or capricious.

Nor do any of plaintiffs’ various alternative attempts to identify supposed technical 

deficiencies in the Commission’s implementation of the statutory extension of the 

Administrative Fines Program (Opp. at 9-11) demonstrate any actual impropriety or that the 

Commissioners did not actually vote to implement the extension. Plaintiffs concede that the 

Sunshine Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552(b), does not provide jurisdiction in this case, while still purporting 

to rely on that statute (Opp’n at 24-26) as authority for their claim to set aside the Commission’s 

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administrative fine here. But as the Commission previously explained (FEC Mem. at 19 n.11), 

even if plaintiffs could demonstrate that the Commission had violated the Sunshine Act, the 

remedy for such violations is increased transparency, not invalidation of agency action. See 

Braniff Master Exec. Council of Air Line Pilots Ass’n Int’l v. Civil Aeronautics Bd., 693 F.2d 

220, 226 (D.C. Cir. 1982); Pan Am. World Airways, Inc. v. Civil Aeronautics Bd., 684 F.2d 31, 

36 (D.C. Cir. 1982) (per curiam); see S. Rep. No. 94-354, at 34 (1975) (“It is expected that a 

court will reverse an agency action solely on [the ground that it was taken at an improperly 

closed meeting] only in rare instances where the agency’s violation is intentional and repeated, 

and the public interest clearly lies in reversing the agency action.”). 

Thus, regardless of whether plaintiffs “assert jurisdiction in this Court solely or . . . at all, 

on the basis of [the the Sunshine Act],” (Opp’n at 25; emphasis in original), neither the Sunshine 

Act nor FECA provides a legal basis for setting aside the Commission’s administrative fine 

determination here. The Commission expedited implementation of Congress’s extension of the 

Administrative Fines Program more than four months before plaintiffs committed their reporting 

violations. Whereas the Sunshine Act may permit agency action to be set aside when it is 

intentional, prejudicial to the party making the claim, and “of a serious nature,” see Pan Am, 684 

F.2d at 36-37, this Court may set aside the FEC’s application of FECA’s administrative fines 

provisions only if it is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in 

accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A), (C); see, e.g., Combat Vets, 795 F.3d at 159 

(applying arbitrary and capricious standard to appeal of action for judicial review of FEC 

administrative fine and affirming decision upholding the fine). Plaintiffs do not come close to 

meeting either standard here. Indeed, and as the Commission explained supra p. 4 and in its 

opening brief (FEC Mem. at 12), review of the administrative fine challenged here is subject to 

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the highest agency deference because the determination involved the Commission’s application 

of its own regulations, see South Dakota, 423 F.3d at 799, and the FEC “is precisely the type of 

agency to which deference should presumptively be afforded,” Democratic Senatorial Campaign 

Comm., 454 U.S. at 37.

V. PLAINTIFFS MISUNDERSTAND THE COMMISSION’S JURISDICTION AND 

STANDING ARGUMENTS

Finally, plaintiffs’ opposition reflects a misunderstanding of the Commission’s 

jurisdiction and standing arguments. The parties agree that this is an action under FECA, 52 

U.S.C. § 30109(a)(4)(C)(iii), for judicial review of the Commission’s specific administrative 

determination and civil penalty assessment against plaintiffs. (E.g. Opp’n at 5 (“Plaintiffs have 

brought this administrative appeal of a federal agency action.”) The Commission does not 

dispute that plaintiffs have standing to challenge that particular determination and penalty, 

including by asserting the meritless arguments plaintiffs have made regarding the Commission’s 

implementation of Congress’s extension of FECA’s Administrative Fines Program (compare 

FEC Mem. at 14 n.7, with Opp’n at 23-24). But as the Commission previously explained (see 

FEC Mem. at 21 n.13), plaintiffs lack standing to challenge other unspecified applications of the 

FEC’s administrative fines regulations, including any penalties assessed for other violations of 

FECA. In particular, plaintiffs have never identified any concrete, actual “‘injury in fact’” that is 

fairly traceable to the Commission’s promulgation of any administrative fines penalties aside 

from the particular penalties imposed on them. See Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560-61. 

Plaintiffs’ attempts to support their improper request for a declaratory judgment (Opp’n 

at 19-20) are similarly misguided. As the FEC previously explained (FEC Mem. at 14 n.7), 

neither the Declaratory Judgment Act nor the Administrative Procedure Act — plaintiffs’ First 

and Second Claims for Relief — provide independent sources of federal jurisdiction here. See, 

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e.g., Bowen v. Mass., 487 U.S. 879, 903 (1988) (“Congress did not intend the general grant of 

review in the APA to duplicate existing procedures for review of agency action.”). Another 

district court thus recently held that FECA’s analogous grant of jurisdiction to review “an order 

of the Commission dismissing a[n administrative] complaint” precludes review and remedies 

under other statutes, such as the APA. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington 

(“CREW”) v. FEC, No. 1:14-cv-1419, 2015 WL 10354778, at *4 (D.D.C. Aug. 13, 2015) 

(explaining that APA review is not available when Congress has created another specific,

“adequate remedy”). 

Plaintiffs do not even try to explain why the specific remedy available to them under 

FECA is inadequate such that plaintiffs must be permitted to seek a declaratory judgment, 

injunctive relief, or damages where FECA does not provide for such remedies. And plaintiffs’ 

attempt to distinguish the district court decision in CREW (Opp’n at 20 n.9) is entirely 

unavailing. That case, just like this one, involved an action for judicial review of an FEC 

administrative decision and the court held that the availability of judicial review under section 

30109(a) of FECA was adequate and precluded review of such decisions under other statutes. 

CREW, 2015 WL 10354778, at *4-*5.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons and those detailed in the Commission’s memorandum in 

support of its motion to dismiss, the Court should grant the Commission’s motion and plaintiffs’ 

action for judicial review should be dismissed.

Respectfully submitted,

Daniel A. Petalas 

Acting General Counsel

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Lisa J. Stevenson 

Deputy General Counsel

Kevin Deeley

Associate General Counsel 

Erin Chlopak

Acting Assistant General Counsel

/s/ Robert W. Bonham III

Robert W. Bonham III 

Senior Attorney

` FOR DEFENDANTS

MATTHEW S. PETERSEN AND 

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

999 E Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 2046

August 22, 2016 (202) 694-1650 

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2

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 

I hereby certify that on August 22, 2016, I electronically filed the foregoing with the 

Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system which sends notification of such filing to the 

following CM/ECF participant in this case: 

L. Steven Grasz, Esq., Husch Blackwell LLP, 13330 California Street, Suite 200, Omaha, 

NE 68154 (attorney for plaintiffs Robert C. McChesney, in his official capacity as 

Treasurer of Bart McLeay for U.S. Senate, Inc., and Bart McLeay for U.S. Senate, Inc.).

I also hereby certify that a copy of the same has been served by regular mail, postage 

prepaid, to the following non-CM/ECF participants: None.

/s/ Robert W. Bonham III

Robert W. Bonham III 

Senior Attorney

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