Disposal of Domestic Birds Infected by 

Avian Influenza – 

An Overview of Considerations and Options 

 

August 11, 2006 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

EPA530-R-06-009 
 

Disposal of Domestic Birds Infected by Avian Influenza – 

An Overview of Considerations and Options

1. Purpose 

2. Background 

3. Roles during Disposal Actions 

4. Critical Factors (Transportation, Expedience, & Virus Inactivation) 

5. Carcass Management Options 

6. Equipment Cleaning and Disinfection 

7. Transportation 

8. Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) 

9. Summary 

Appendices 

Appendix A - Contact Information for Key Offices 

Appendix B - Avian Influenza Outbreak Scenario 

Appendix C - Environmental Persistence 

Appendix D - References and Resources 

Appendix E - State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts 
1

1. PURPOSE 

This document provides information to State and local decision makers addressing disposal problems 

associated with domesticated bird carcasses (and associated fecal material) infected by the avian influenza 

virus H5N1. It provides a description of successful disposal management options for infected carcasses and 

identifies critical considerations for decision makers. This document draws from a variety of available 

resources and complements existing guidance from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The 

information contained in this document may be used by State and local governments to conduct advanced 

planning (e.g., special permit conditions, emergency orders, pre-screening of sites) in coordination with the 

Federal government and the private sector. The use of any management option in response to an avian 

influenza outbreak must be in compliance with all State/local requirements (e.g., air, solid waste and public 

health requirements.) This document is not intended to provide detailed guidance on how to implement 

specific disposal options but rather it identifies successful approaches taken in the past. And it provides 

references to specific guidance on the different management and disposal options. 

This document focuses on domesticated birds. The Department of the Interior (DOI) is the lead Agency in 

response to an outbreak of the avian influenza virus H5N1 in wild birds. The USGS National Wildlife Health 

Center, under DOI, has several sites where more information can be obtained: 

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/wildlife_health_bulletins/WHB_05_03.jsp, and 

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/field_manual/chapter_4.pdf. 

2. BACKGROUND 

In domestic poultry, avian influenza viruses cause two main forms of disease, distinguished by low and high 

extremes of pathogenicity, as well as many different subtypes (i.e., H5N2, H7, etc). The low-pathogenic 

(LPAI) form causes relatively mild symptoms (ruffled feathers, drop in egg production), with no serious 

human health concerns identified. The highly pathogenic (HPAI) form is a much more serious threat to bird 

health. Occurrence of HPAI in the U.S. has been very infrequent, quickly contained and normally affects only 

birds. The Asian High Pathogenic Avian Influenza form, which is a subtype of HPAI, also known as H5N1, 

has been found in Asia, Europe, and Africa, but not in the U.S. to date. It spreads very rapidly through poultry 

flocks causing mortality rates of domesticated birds that can approach 100% within 48 hours (see Resource:

WHO, 2006.) As of December 2005, over 150 million domesticated birds have been killed by the virus or 

culled to prevent further spread (see Resource: World Health Organization (WHO), 2005.) There have been 

some cases in Asia and Eastern Europe of HPAI H5N1 spreading to humans through sustained close contact 

with live birds. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has indicated that this virus has the potential to 

generate large numbers of animal carcasses from the response to an avian influenza outbreak. 

2.1 Key Occurrences of HPAI in Domestic Avian Populations 

To date, all occurrences of HPAI in U.S. domestic poultry have been caused by H5 or H7 Influenza A 

subtypes, but not H5N1. Until 1999, HPAI was considered relatively rare, with only 17 outbreaks reported 

worldwide between 1959 and 1998; however, since 1999 the number of occurrences globally has increased 

significantly (see Resource: WHO, Avian Influenza Timeline, 2006.) USDA and others have dealt effectively 

with the management of animal carcasses during HPAI outbreaks (highlighted below). 

Occurrences of HPAI in the U.S.

Year Type State Impact Comments 

1924 H7 East Coast Occurred on the East Coast Outbreak was contained and eradicated. 

1983- 

1984 

H5N2 PA, VA Caused severe clinical disease & high mortality

rates in chickens, turkeys, & guinea fowl. 17

million birds were culled. 

A serologically identical but apparently mild virus had been 

circulating in poultry in the area for 6 months. No human cases

identified. 
2

2004 H5N2 TX About 7,000 Chicken Broilers were culled. Quickly eradicated due to close coordination b/n USDA, State, Local

& Industry. Response included quarantine and culling of birds. 

Outbreak limited to one flock. No human cases identified.

*Additional outbreaks of HPAI have been identified in a variety of countries. 

These occurrences show how to successfully respond to an avian influenza outbreak in a manner that is 

protective of human health and the environment. This guide integrates the lessons learned from these previous 

avian influenza outbreaks by USDA and states as they responded to these occurrences. 

3. ROLES DURING DISPOSAL ACTIONS 

The National Response Plan (NRP), http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/editorial/editorial_0566.xml,

identifies USDA as the lead federal agency in responding to a large-scale animal carcass disposal incident. 

USDA authority to act swiftly to protect U.S. animal health from a foreign pest or disease is identified in the 

Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA) of 2002. The AHPA gives USDA authority to carry out operations and 

measures to detect, control, or eradicate any pest or disease of livestock, including poultry. Other departments 

and agencies of the Executive branch provide supporting roles under this plan. EPA’s principal support role 

includes providing technical assistance, subject matter expertise, and support for decontamination (including 

licensing use of disinfectant pesticides) and disposal issues, including interpretation of EPA’s disposal 

requirements. Recently, EPA, USDA, HHS, DoD, and DHS issued an interagency document, “Federal Food 

and Agriculture Decontamination and Disposal Roles and Responsibilities,” November 2005, 

http://www.epa.gov/homelandsecurity/pdfs/conops11222005.pdf, which outlines the Federal government 

roles, responsibilities and capabilities for decontamination and disposal of diseased animals. Appendix A 

presents contact information for those agencies involved in the NRP. Appendix B presents how an AI 

outbreak scenario would unfold according to the interagency plans developed for an AI outbreak and in 

accordance with the NRP. 

It is important to realize that each AI outbreak incident is unique and involves site specific conditions that 

need to be considered in making the best disposal decision for the situation at the site. The decision making 

for disposal occurs at the State and local levels, with technical and resource support in place from federal 

agencies, should the situation require it or should the State and/or local government request it. 

4. CRITICAL FACTORS (Transportation, Expedience, & Virus Inactivation) 

There are three critical factors that influence the potential management options for disposal of domestic 

birds associated with an avian influenza outbreak: 

1. Contain the virus by limiting transportation of infected birds; 

2. Respond expeditiously to reduce the potential for genetic mutations and the transmission of 

pathogens to humans and other species (USDA’s goal is for euthanized carcasses to be disposed of 

within 24 hours.) USDA describes common methods of disposal to include composting, burial, 

incineration, landfilling, rendering, and alkaline hydrolysis. (The 24 hr. period should not limit 

proper packaging, transportation or disposal. Also, it should not preclude composting which can be a 

very successful option.) See Reference, USDA National Animal Health Emergency Management 

System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005, pg 5); and 

3. Select carcass treatment/disposal option(s) that ensure containment and inactivation of the virus and 

protection of the environment given the site-specific conditions. 

To minimize the spread of the virus by transportation, USDA prefers on-site management, which limits the 

options to activities that can be carried out at a poultry farm (USDA Interim Avian Influenza (AI) Response 
3

Plan, January 2006.) On-site management (e.g., on-site composting) minimizes biosecurity concerns involved 

in moving contaminated carcasses, animal products, and other materials off an affected premises. On-site 

composting has been shown to be a successfully used practice based on its effectiveness by inactivating the 

virus in recent AI outbreaks. However, USDA recognizes that not all types of poultry operations (e.g., live 

bird markets) lend themselves to on-site management, and therefore, secure transport to an off-site 

treatment/disposal facility may also be a viable option. The need for expeditious response further limits the 

selection of options to those that are readily available. As for the ability of the virus to survive, in general, 

HPAI viruses are not particularly hardy under certain circumstances, and thus basic options can be effective 

and protective. 

In the selection of treatment/disposal options, survivability of the virus is a key consideration. Short-term 

exposure to heat, extremes of pH, and dryness can inactivate avian influenza. However, survivability is 

lengthened when viruses are protected in organic matter, such as feces or maintained in colder temperatures. 

Several sources have identified that the avian influenza virus, H5N1, has a limited time of survival without a 

live host of less than or equal to 1-7 days at temperatures around 70oF. Survival time may be over 30 days in 

water at 32oF, and indefinite in frozen conditions or shortened to 1⁄2 to 3 hours at elevated temperatures (132-

140oF). Studies on the survivability of various forms of the avian influenza virus include: 

y Studies of domestic ducks have shown that H5N1 can survive in the environment for 6 days at 98oF. 

(See References: WHO; Lab study of H5N1 viruses in domestic ducks, Oct 2004.) 

y HPAI can persist in feces for 30-35 days at 39oF, and about 7 days at 68oF. (See References: Swayne, 

DE and Halvorson, DA. Avian Influenza, Diseases of Poultry, pg 135-160, 2003.) 

y HPAI virus remains viable at moderate temperatures for long periods in the environment and can 

survive indefinitely in frozen material. It can survive for 4 days in water at 71oF and for over 30 days 

at 32oF. (See Reference: http://www.poultry-health.com/fora/fowlplag.htm, Poultry Health Services 

website.) 

y Lu et al. (2003) reported that Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) can be inactivated in 10 minutes at 140oF 

or 90 minutes at 133oF. (See Reference: Lu H., Castro A.E., Pennick K., Liu J., Yang Q., Dunn P., 

Weinstock D. and D. Henzler. 2003. Survival of Avian Influenza virus H7N2 in SPF Chickens and 

Their Environments. Avian Diseases 47:1015-1021.) 

See Appendix C for additional discussion on the environmental persistence of the avian influenza virus. 

5. CARCASS MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

The management options presented below are organized with on-site treatment/disposal options presented first 

followed by off-site landfills and then other potential management options. The order of the 

treatment/disposal options is not meant to reflect that certain options are better than others. All the options 

presented can be designed and conducted in an environmentally protective manner, depending on the specific 

site conditions, which need to be considered. 

USDA has several extensive documents that discuss the various management options and the critical factors 

that need to be considered by States in the decision making process during an avian influenza occurrence. 

One example of such is a report prepared for the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) 

by the National Agricultural Biosecurity Center (NABC). This 2004 report, “Carcass Disposal: A 

Comprehensive Review” is available at: 
4

http://fss.k-state.edu/research/books/carcassdispfiles/Carcass%20Disposal.html

The overall approach outlined by USDA for an avian influenza outbreak is a three-pronged strategy of 

depopulation (also known as culling), followed by proper quarantining and disposal of animal carcasses, and 

disinfection of farms and equipment used in the response. The overall goal of disposal operations, which is 

the subject of this document, is to eliminate, in a timely, biosecure, aesthetically acceptable, and 

environmentally responsible manner, all animal carcasses that result from the response to an avian influenza 

outbreak. Common methods used to manage infected animal carcasses and associated materials include 

composting, burial, incineration, rendering, and isolation. (See References, USDA National Animal Health 

Emergency Management System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005; USDA Interim Avian Influenza 

Response Plan, January 2006.) As with any of the management options, there are some considerations, such 

as down time of the poultry house, lack of available equipment, timing, and end use of the material that need

to be factored into the decision making process when selecting a management option. With some of the 

management options, e.g., on-site burial and on-site isolation, the survivability of the avian influenza virus is 

the critical factor, and as such, decision makers should consult with Federal/State USDA officials to gather the 

latest information on the survivability of the virus. A brief summary of these waste management options is 

provided below. 

5.1 On-Site Composting 

Although not sufficiently rapid to allow disposal of the carcasses within 24 hours, on-site (including in-house) 

composting will likely be a very widespread practice because its effectiveness has been proven in recent AI 

outbreaks. On-site composting limits the risk of groundwater and air pollution contamination, the potential for 

farm-to-farm disease transmission, and transportation costs and tipping fees associated with off-site disposal. 

Additionally, there is the benefit of producing a potentially useful product, compost. As indicated earlier, 

HPAI may be inactivated in 3 hours at 132oF or 1⁄2 hour at 140oF, well within the temperature range of 

composting. In the case of the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware, Maryland and Virginia) outbreak in 2004, 

composting in-house occurred for 10 days, after which the material, which no longer contained a viable virus, 

was allowed to continue the composting process over several months elsewhere on-site. (See References, 2005 

Guidelines for In-House Composting of Poultry Mortalities Due to Catastrophic Disease.) 

Composting is defined as the controlled decomposition of organic materials. Decomposition occurs when 

organic materials go through a "slow cooking" process as microorganisms metabolize the organics. The 

combination of the cooking process, rapid degradation, and compost cover minimizes odors, flies, and other 

vectors. For this option to be effective, composting materials need to be available. These materials usually 

are accessible on most farms and include poultry litter, wood chips, sawdust, ground corn cobs, baled corn 

stalks, manure, and rice hulls. In March 2006, Virginia issued recommendations for whole-flock disposal of 

poultry due to Avian Influenza which identifies on-site in-house composting as the preferred disposal method. 

(See References: VA DEQ Recommendations For Whole-Flock Disposal of Poultry due to Avian Influenza, 

March 2006.) For some general resources on composting, see the Maryland Center for Agro-Security and 

Emergency Management website, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, or the EPA Composting 

website at: 

http://www.agnr.umd.edu/MCE/Publications/Publication.cfm?ID=fs-537

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/pdf/factsheet1va.pdf

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/solid.html

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/pdf/deqaidisposal.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/composting/index.htm

When the composting process inactivates the virus, but does not continue long enough to produce usable 

compost, the material can be further composted on-site, sent off-site to a compost facility, landfill or 
5

incinerator, or buried on-site. If compost is produced, consistent with State compost quality standards, it may 

be beneficially used on- or off-site to enrich soils by providing nutrients and reducing the need for chemical 

fertilizers. State officials should be consulted when the ultimate fate of the material is determined. 

5.2 On-Site Burial: 

On-site burial avoids transportation and can be accomplished in a very expeditious manner. Site conditions, 

however, need to be carefully assessed to ensure there will not be contamination of groundwater or surface 

waters by either the HPAI H5N1 virus or conventional pollutants, such as total dissolved solids, nitrate, or 

ammonia from the decaying carcasses. Adequate upfront assessment of on-site burial can prevent expensive 

remediation costs. If on-site burial will be used, monitoring of ground water and surface water is a 

consideration that State officials should take into account, as well as the potential need for a notation on the 

deed. Potential future land use of the property should be considered in deciding whether this management 

option is appropriate. 

When making decisions regarding on-site burial, those responsible should: 

• Consult with the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and State solid waste 

agencies to obtain soil maps and drainage information. In addition, some local NRCS offices maintain 

a listing of suitability for "Animal Mortality Burial" by soil map unit (See Reference: Carcass 

Disposal: A Comprehensive Review.) 

• Determine a sufficient distance from the proposed burial site to groundwater wells and surface waters 

such that the HPAI H5N1 virus will no longer be viable by the time groundwater migrates to such 

locations. A sufficient distance needs to take into account site-specific hydrogeology. 

• Consider practices to ensure groundwater is not contaminated by conventional pollutants, such as total 

dissolved solids and ammonia. Site-specific factors should be considered such as 1) soil type (e.g., 

karst areas) and 2) depth to groundwater (e.g., seasonally high). USDA recommends animal carcasses 

not be buried within 10 ft of the groundwater table. (See Reference: USDA National Animal Health 

Emergency Management System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005.) Where site-specific conditions 

are determined not to be protective, the use of a liner system may be considered. 

• Evaluate the potential for the carcasses to rise to the surface after burial. 

• Consult with the landowner in those cases where producers do not own the land to determine if the 

landowner will permit on-site burial. 

5.3 On-Site Air Curtain Incineration: 

In some cases, site conditions may not be amenable to on-site composting or burial of animal carcasses. One 

solution is to employ air-curtain incinerators to destroy the virus and burn the carcasses. This involves 

burning with forced air within a site which greatly accelerates the burning process. Air-curtain incinerators 

can be moved from place-to-place and from site to site. Air-curtain incinerators also require 1) trained 

operators to properly operate the equipment and 2) a large amount of fuel because the carcasses have a high 

water content. Advances in this technology include more efficient burners, and the use of misters to reduce 

the air emission concerns normally associated with open air-curtain technology. With air-curtain incinerators, 

the loading of the incinerators and the effect of the carcasses on the combustion process needs to be 

considered, as well as the ultimate disposal of any solid and/or liquid residue. Upfront planning between 

poultry growers/companies and air-curtain incinerator suppliers is important to ensure such equipment and 

operators will be available and discussions with local and State officials are necessary to assure compliance 

with environmental requirements. Incineration destroys the virus so the ash from an air-curtain incinerator can 

be disposed of on-site or at an off-site landfill. (See Reference: USDA National Animal Health Emergency 

Management System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005, pg 14-15.)
6

5.4 On-Site Isolation: 

In some cases, particularly in warm weather, where the deactivation of the virus is fairly rapid, isolation of 

carcasses may be a viable option. Considerations for this option should include a covering or the use of 

bags/containers prior to isolation to improve handling, (i.e., poultry carcasses become difficult to manage after 

24 hours) to prevent the spread of the virus, control odors, as well as controls to prevent vectors. This option 

also can be used in combination with other on-site options to provide additional time to set up composting or 

air-curtain incinerators or for on-site burial. If the isolation is sufficient to deactivate the virus, the material 

may be buried on-site or sent off-site to a landfill or incinerator. (See Reference: USDA National Animal 

Health Emergency Management System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005, pg 5.) 

5.5 Off-Site Landfills: 

Off-site landfills that can be used to manage carcasses include municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs), in 

compliance with the Federal criteria (40 CFR Part 258), and industrial solid waste landfills. (In considering 

this option, the off-site transport of these carcasses will need to be appropriately considered. See discussion 

below in Section 7 regarding the off-site transport of birds infected with avian influenza virus.) Municipal 

landfills are properly sited and have the necessary environmental controls to manage the carcasses. Larger 

MSWLFs have the capacity to handle a larger number and mass of carcasses. The use of a MSWLF, of 

course, depends upon the willingness of the facility operator to accept the carcasses. These facilities operate 

under state permits, which might require modifications to allow management of the carcasses.

 5.6 Other Management Options: 

There also may be consideration of other options, such as: off-site incinerators, mobile incinerators, alkaline 

hydrolysis units, off-site composting, and rendering without prior deactivation of the HPAI H5N1 virus and 

possibly new and alternative/innovative approaches. Certain situations may require alternative approaches. 

For example, very cold temperatures may make some options impractical and dictate different approaches 

(e.g., burn barrels, boiling, or the use of lime to raise the pH) to respond to an HPAI H5N1 outbreak in a very 

cold climate. 

Incinerators, such as mobile and municipal solid waste incinerators, are contained and controlled devices that 

can burn the carcasses and limit air emissions in a manner that is environmentally protective. An alkaline 

hydrolysis unit uses sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to increase the rate of hydrolysis of the 

biological materials into a sterile solution. Heat is also applied to accelerate the process further. The only 

solid byproducts of the alkaline hydrolysis unit are the mineral constituents of the carcasses. Rendering of 

animal carcasses involves conversion of the carcasses into three end products – carcass meal, tallow, and 

water using mechanical and thermal processes. Carcass rendering processes include size reduction followed 

by cooking and separation of fat, water, and protein. Such options may prove advantageous when site-specific 

conditions, timing issues, or some other factors make the previous options less advantageous. As a general 

matter, however, the off-site options require additional care to prevent the potential spread of the virus, can be 

more expensive, and may run into public acceptance concerns. Off-site options, however, should not be 

automatically dismissed – for example, off-site incinerators are well designed to manage wastes and are 

environmentally protective. 

6. EQUIPMENT CLEANING AND DISINFECTION: 

With both on-site and any off-site carcass disposal options, farm structures, poultry houses, and equipment 

should be cleaned and disinfected after the carcasses are removed to prevent spread of the virus and to 

repopulate. In addition, equipment used on-site, such as trucks, should be cleaned and disinfected prior to 
7

leaving the site to prevent any potential transmission of the virus off-site. Worker’s clothing also should be 

disinfected for the same reason. The USDA’s guidance (see References: USDA National Animal Health 

Emergency Management System Guidelines for Cleaning and Disinfection, November 2005, USDA Interim 

Avian Influenza Response Plan, Jan 2006) on appropriate disinfectant procedures should be consulted for 

further information. EPA provides technical support to USDA and others on the use of appropriate 

disinfectants. A resource that lists EPA registered (or licensed) disinfectants for use in poultry and farm 

facilities to inactivate avian influenza viruses is available at: www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/avian.htm. 

EPA registers pesticide products, including disinfectants. Currently, 100 disinfectant products are registered 

and intended for use against avian influenza A viruses. These products are effective on hard, non-porous 

surfaces usually with a 10-minute application. If the need arises for an unregistered pesticide or for an 

unregistered use of a registered product, EPA may (if adequate data are available to support the request) grant 

an emergency exemption to allow the distribution, sale, and use of the unregistered product or unregistered use 

of a registered product for a limited period of time. 

7. TRANSPORTATION: 

The transportation of birds infected with the avian influenza virus from the affected premises to off-site 

locations will need to consider special procedures to prevent the spread of disease. These procedures include 

having a disinfectant appropriate for the pathogen or virus, leak-proof transportation, and polyethylene plastic 

sheets. In addition, it is recommended that a designated government representative accompany these vehicles 

for biosecurity reasons where practical. In addition, all vehicles should be cleaned and disinfected before they 

leave the affected premises and again after the material has been unloaded at the disposal site. Cleaning and 

disinfection procedures are important for all personnel, vehicles, and equipment. (See Reference: USDA 

National Animal Health Emergency Management System Guidelines for Disposal, April 2005, pg 3-5 and 

USDA Interim Avian Influenza (AI) Response Plan, January 2006.) Consideration needs to be given to lining 

the trucks used in transporting carcasses to contain any fluids and to make it easier to remove the carcasses 

from the vehicles. An alternative to lining trucks may be the use of 1) macro-vaults (i.e., roll-off containers 

which can be sealed and are used by some portion of the waste management industry) or 2) biomedical waste 

transport vehicles. For more details on the above environmental issues and to better understand economic and 

social challenges regarding transportation, see “Lessons Learned from AI Outbreaks in Virginia 1983 and 

2002.” 

8. PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Biosecurity is important for the eradication and control of a disease during an animal health emergency. The 

use of personnel protective equipment (PPE) is an essential element of a successful biosecurity plan. PPE 

refers to equipment used as a barrier between an individual and a hazard that could result in an injury or 

occupational illness. The selection of PPE to protect workers in any given hazard situation should be based on 

consideration of three factors: 1) information on the nature and magnitude of the hazard, 2) performance data 

on the PPE under consideration, and 3) the estimated level of residual risk resulting from the quantity or 

concentration of the agent to which workers will be exposed while the PPE is in use. Appendix B in the 

USDA Interim Avian Influenza (AI) Response Plan discusses the use of PPE by foreign animal disease 

diagnosticians (FADDs) and associated personnel charged with investigating reports of animal diseases. 

9. SUMMARY 

The USDA is the lead federal agency in responding to foreign animal diseases. EPA, along with several other 

federal agencies, has support roles within the overall federal response. EPA’s principal support role includes 

providing technical assistance and subject-matter expertise and support for disinfection and disposal issues. In 
8

addition, EPA maintains communication with other federal agencies involved in an avian influenza outbreak 

response, as well as States, Tribes, local agencies, and other solid waste management stakeholders. 

This document identifies three critical factors and considerations in the disposal decision-making process 

during an avian influenza outbreak: contain the virus by limiting transportation of infected birds; respond 

expeditiously to reduce the potential for genetic mutations and transmission of pathogens to humans and other 

species (USDA’s goal is for euthanized carcasses to be disposed of within 24 hours); and select carcass 

treatment/disposal options that ensure containment and inactivation of the virus and protection of the 

environment given the site-specific conditions. As for key potential carcass management options, this 

document provides information on on-site composting, burial, incineration, and isolation, and off-site landfills. 

In addition, other management options are briefly identified. Numerous references and resources are provided 

in Appendix D for those seeking more detailed information. 

USDA and others have effectively dealt with a variety of animal diseases, including the disposal of HPAI 

contaminated animal carcasses. Through the combined efforts of the federal, state, and local governments, 

management of an avian influenza H5N1 outbreak can be handled in a manner that is protective of human 

health and the environment. 
9

APPENDIX A 

CONTACT INFORMATION FOR KEY PROGRAM OFFICES AND 

EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTERS 

Agency Phone 

Number 

Website 

National Response Center (NRC) 

 To report oil or chemical spills 

800-424-8802 http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/

U.S. Dept of Agriculture (USDA) 

Animal & Plan Health Inspection Service (APHIS) 

APHIS Emergency Operations Center (EOC) 

APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) 

Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) 

Veterinary Services (VS)

877-677-2369 

(toll free) 

http://www.usda.gov/

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/

http://www.fsis.usda.gov/

U.S. Dept of Defense (DoD) 703-428-0711 http://www.dod.gov/

U.S. Dept of Interior (DOI) 202-208-4108 http://www.doi.gov/

U.S. Dept of State (DOS) 202-647-1512 http://www.state.gov/

U.S. Dept of Health & Human Services (HHS)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 

FDA Emergency Operations Center (EOC)

301-443-1240 http://www.hhs.gov/

http://www.fda.gov/

U.S. Dept of Homeland Security (DHS) 

Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) 

202-282-8000 

202-282-8100 

http://www.dhs.gov/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Office of the Administrator 

Office of Homeland Security 

Office of Enforcement and Compliance 

Assurance (OECA) 

Office of Criminal Enforcement 

Training and Forensics 

Criminal Investigation Division 

Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic 

Substances (OPPTS) 

Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) 

Office of Solid Waste & Emergency Response 

(OSWER) 

Emergency Operations Center 

Office of Emergency Management 

Office of Water (OW) 

Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water 

Water Security Division 

202-272-0167 

202-564-6978 

202-564-2440 

202-564-2480 

202-564-2523 

202-564-2902 

703-305-7090 

202-566-0200 

202-564-3850 

202-564-8600 

202-564-5700 

202-564-3750 

202-564-3779 

http://www.epa.gov

http://www.epa.gov/adminweb/

http://www.epa.gov/homelandsecurity/

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/

http://www.epa.gov/oppts

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/

http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/

http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/emergenc

ies.htm

http://www.epa.gov/OW

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/

http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/watersec

urity/index.cfm
10

APPENDIX B

AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK SCENARIO 

y A farmer observes either sick or dying birds within his or her flock and notifies the State Department of 

Agricultural or State veterinarian (depending on the state). The state veterinarian would then notify 

USDA. 

y An agency/laboratory obtains the initial suspected sample (e.g., a domestic bird) and notifies the 

USDA of the suspected sample. The USDA sends the suspected sample to USDA’s National 

Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, IA for confirmation. 

y USDA initiates a Foreign Animal Disease Investigation with the appropriate State Department of 

Agriculture and State Lead Veterinarian to initiate confirmatory sampling. USDA notifies the 

Department of Homeland Security (DHS). 

y DHS notifies the National Interagency Contingency Team (NICT) with a Situation Report 

(SITREP) to the USDA Emergency Operations Center network, who then notifies the other Federal 

Interagency Emergency Operation Centers. 

y USDA and DHS activate the Joint Information Center (JIC). 

y Upon confirmation of the detection of the HPAI H5N1 virus, USDA will issue a public message 

and notify commercial poultry operators of the possibility of H5N1 in the area. 

y USDA, with State and local agencies, initiates control (quarantine and depopulation) and cleanup 

efforts (disposal and disinfection). 

y EPA, if requested, provides technical guidance to the decision makers at USDA, States, and the 

solid waste and poultry industries on decontamination, disposal, and information on approved 

disinfectants. 

y The process above continues throughout the cleanup and clearance phases and for as many 

incidents that are reported. 
11

APPENDIX C 

Environmental Persistence & Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses 

(Source: Diseases of Poultry, 11th ed) 

Avian influenza viruses are relatively unstable in the environment. Physical factors such as heat, 

extremes for pH, nonisotonic conditions, and dryness can inactivate avian influenza viruses. Because 

avian influenza viruses have lipid envelopes, they are inactivated by organic solvents and detergents, such 

as sodium desoxycholate and sodium dodecylsulfate. In the presence of organic matter, avian influenza 

virus can be destroyed by chemical inactivants such as aldehydes (formaldehyde or gluataraldehyde), 

beta-propiolactone and binary ethylenimine. After removal of organic matter, chemical disinfectants such 

as phenolics, ammonium ions (including quaternary ammonium disinfectants), oxidizing agents (such as 

sodium hypochlorite), dilute acids, and hydroxylamine can destroy avian influenza viruses. In field 

situations, influenza viruses are protected by organic material such as nasal secretions or feces, which 

increase resistance to physical and chemical inactivation. Cool and moist conditions favor long survival 

of avian influenza viruses in the environment. avian influenza viruses have been viable in liquid manure 

for 105 days in the winter and in feces for 30-35 days at 39oF and for 7 days a 68oF. Proper inactivation 

and elimination of avian influenza viruses shed in the environment is essential in the control of field 

infection and can be accomplished through integrated approaches including heating of buildings to 90-

100°F for one week, thorough removal and proper disposal of manure and litter, cleaning and disinfecting 

of buildings before restocking. Virus in manure and litter must be inactivated or disposed of by burial, 

composting, or incineration. Effective disinfectants against avian influenza viruses on clean surfaces 

include 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hydroxide (lye), phenolic compounds, acidified 

ionophore compounds, chlorine dioxide disinfectants, strong oxidizing agents and 4% sodium 

carbonate/0.1% sodium silicate. However, organic material must be removed before disinfectants can 

work properly.” Swayne, DE and Halvorson, DA. Avian Influenza. Diseases of Poultry, 11th Ed. Saif, 

Y.M. et.al Ed. Iowa State Press, pp. 135-160, 2003. 

Infectivity and inactivation of H7N2 avian influenza virus under various environmental conditions 

was studied by Lu H, et al. in 2003. The virus in these studies was completely inactivated when 

combined with field chicken manure in less than a week at an ambient temperature of 59-58° F. At a pH 

2, heating at 132° F, and exposure to 70% ethanol or a commercial disinfectant (DC&R), the avian 

influenza virus infectivity was destroyed in less than 30min. Lu, H, Castro, AE, Pennick, K, Liu, J, Yang, 

Q, Dunn, P, Weinstock, D, Henzler, D. Survivial of avian influenza virus H7N2 in SPF chickens and 

their environments. Av. Dis. 47 (3 Suppl) 1015-21, 2003. 

Study of waterfowl epidemiology of avian influenza viruses resulted in finding that temperature, 

pH and salinity of water affect the persistence of these viruses in surface water. When temperature alone 

was examined, linear regression models predicted a initial concentration of 1 x 106 TCID50/ml water 

could remain infective for up to 207 days at 62°F and up to 102 days at 82°F, suggesting these viruses are 

adapted to survive in waterfowl wintering habitats. When pH and salinity effects were studied, 

persistence was found to be 100 days at 62°F, 0 ppt salinity at pH 8.2 and only 9 days at 82° F, 20 ppt 

salinity and a pH of 8.2. Overall, the duration of infectivity decreased with increasing salinity and pH. 

Stallnecht, DE, Kearney, MT, Shane, SM, Zwank, PJ. Persistance of avian influenza in water. Avian. 

Dis. 34: 406-411, 1990 Stallnecht, DE, Kearney, MT, Shane, SM, Zwank, PJ. Effects of pH, temperature, 

and salinity on persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Dis. 34: 412-428, 1990. 
APPENDIX D 

REFERENCES AND RESOURCES 

NAME OF REFERENCE TYPE WEBSITE AVAILABILITY 

Animal Disposal Following an Emergency , Sep 05 Article http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/animaldisposal.asp CenCarcass Disposal: A Comprehensive Review, 04 Reference http://fss.k-state.edu/research/books/carcassdispfiles/ Nati

Anim

Environmental Survival of Avian Influenza Viruses, Feb 06 

Article http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/biofact

s/avflu.html

CenPoli

Guidelines for In-house Composting of Catastrophic Poultry Mortality, 02

Fact Sheet http://www.agnr.umd.edu/MCE/Publications/Publication.cfm?ID=fs-801 Univ

Reso

Guidelines for In-House Composting Poultry Mortality as a Rapid Response to Avian Influenza 

Fact Sheet http://www.deq.virginia.gov.waste/pdf/factsheet1va.pdf VA. 

VA DEQ Recommendations For Whole-Flock Disposal of Poultry due to Avian Influenza, Mar 06 

Article http://www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/pdf/deqaidisposal.pdf VA 

of P

National Response Plan, Dec 04 Reference http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/editorial/editorial_0566.xml US DFederal Food and Agriculture Decontamination and Disposal Roles and Responsibilities”, Nov 05 

Reference http://www.epa.gov/homelandsecurity/pdfs/conops11222005.pdf US D

Fede

USDA Interim Avian Influenza Response Plan, Jan 06 Plan Unavailable USDUSDA National Animal Health Emergency Management System Guidelines for Disposal, Apr 05 

Guidelines Unavailable USD

USDA National Animal Health Emergency Management System Guidelines for Cleaning and Disinfection 

Guidelines Unavailable USD

WHO; Lab study of H5N1 viruses in domestic ducks, Oct 04 

Article http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/labstudy_2004_10_2

9/en/print.html

Wor

Avian Influenza. Diseases of Poultry, pg 135-160, 03 Article Unavailable SwaFowl Plague, Avian Influenza-Highly Pathogenic Fact Sheet http://www.poultry-health.com/fora/fowlplag.htm PoulComposting Dead Birds, 1991 Fact Sheet http://www.agnr.umd.edu/MCE/Publications/Publication.cfm?ID=fs537 DenLessons Learned From AI Outbreaks in VA 1983 & 2002 Article ftp://ftp.deq.virginia.gov/pub/solidwst/2002leslearned.doc Eric 

Gary 

AI Carcass Disposal, 2006 Presentation http://www.deq.virginia.gov/waste/pdf/vaaidpre.pdf Gary Extensive Poultry Information Source Reference http://www.dpichicken.org/index.cfm?content=poultry-links Delm2005 Guidelines for In-house Composting of Poultry 

Mortalities Due to Catastrophic Disease 

Presentation http://www.rec.udel.edu/poultry Nath

W. M
APPENDIX D (CONTINUED) 

REFERENCES AND RESOURCES 

NAME OF RESOURCE TYPE SOURCE 

American Veterinarian Medical Assoc Website http://www.avma.org/ Animal HeaEPA Pesticides Website http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ DisinfectanASTSWMO Website http://www.astswmo.org/ State DispoNational Chicken & Turkey Councils, Egg Safety Center Website http://www.avianinfluenzainfo.com AI Info from National Biosecurity Resource Center for Animal Health Emergencies Website http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/ Animal CarPoultry Health Services Website http://www.poultry-health.com/fora/fowlplag.htm Avian InfluCenter for Agro-Security & Emergency Management (UMD) Website http://www.agnr.umd.edu/AgroSecurity/ Composting Centers for Disease Control & Prevention Website http://www.cdc.gov/ Avian Flu SUSDA Center for Animal Disease Information & Analysis Website http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cadia/ Animal Hea

Diseases 

EPA National Agriculture Compliance Assistance Center Website http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/ Biosecurity 

Agriculture 

EPA Homeland Security Links Website http://www.epa.gov/ohs/htm/links.htm Links EPA EPA Homeland Security Research Website http://www.epa.gov/ordnhsrc/index.htm Homeland SFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN Website http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases- cards/special_avian.html InternationaIntegrated Waste Services Assoc Website http://www.wte.org/ Municipal WNational Association of State Departments of Agriculture Website http://www2.nasda.org/NASDA AI Info ResNational Biosecurity Research Center Website http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/error404.php State CarcaSolid Waste Management Association of North America Website http://www.swana.org/ Training, CUS Poultry & Egg Association Website http://www.poultryegg.org/ AI from an Avian Flu & Pandemic Flu Website http://www.pandemicflu.gov/ U.S. GovernDelmarva Poultry Industry, Inc Website http://www.dpichicken.org/index.cfm?content=poultry-links Academic, I

Poultry Issu

World Health Organization Website http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/index.html InternationaEPA Composting Website http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/composting/index.htm Composting 
APPENDIX E 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts 

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

ALABAMA (AL)

 Dept of Ag & Industries

Richard Beard Bldg 

P.O. Box 3336 

Montgomery, AL 36109 

Phone: (334) 240-7100 

Fax: (334) 240-7190 

http://www.agi.state.al.us/

Div of Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries

 Dept of Conservation & Nat Res 

64 N. Union St 

Montgomery, AL 36130 

Phone: (334) 242-3849 

Fax: (334) 242-3032 

http://www.outdooralabama.com

Dept of Public Health

The RSA Tower, Ste 1552 

201 Monroe St 

Montgomery, AL 36104 

Phone: (334) 206-5200 

Fax: (334) 206-2008 

http://www.adph.org

 D

Land 

Mo

http://www.ad

e/

ALASKA (AK)

Division of Agriculture

Dept of Natural Resources 

1800 Glenn Highway, Suite 12 

Palmer, Alaska 99645-6736 

Phone: (907) 745-7200 

Fax: (907) 745-7112 

http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ag/index.htm

Dept of Fish & Game

P.O. Box 25526 

Juneau AK 99802-5526 

Phone: (907) 465-4100 

Fax: (907) 465-2332

http://www.dnr.state.ak.us

Division of Public Health

350 Main Street, Room503

P.O. Box 110610 

Juneau, AK 99811

Phone: (907) 465-3090 

Fax: (907) 586-1877

http://www.hss.state.ak.us/dph

Dept E

Division of E

ht

AMERICAN SOMOA (AS)

 Dept of Agriculture

AS Government 

Executive Office Bldg, Utulei 

Territory of AS 

Pago Pago, AS 96799 

Phone: 011(684) 699-1497 

Fax: 011(684) 699-4031 

http://www.asg-gov.net/AGRICULTURE.htm

Marine & Wildlife Resources Dept

P.O. Box 3730 

Pago Pago, AS 96799 

Phone: (684) 633-4456 

Fax: (684) 633-5944 

http://www.asggov.net/MARINE%20&%20WILDLIFE%20RESO

URCES.htm

Dept of Health

LBJ Tropical Medical Center 

Pago Pago, AS 96799 

Phone: (684) 633-4606 

Fax: (684) 633-5379 

http://www.asg-gov.net/HEALTH.htm

ARIZONA (AZ)

Dept of Agriculture

1688 W. Adams St 

Phoenix, AZ 85007 

Phone: (602) 542-4373 

Fax: (602) 542-5420 

Web: http://www.azda.gov/

Game & Fish Dept

2222 W. Greenway Rd 

Phoenix, AZ 85023-4312 

Phone: (602) 942-3000 

Fax: (602) 789-3924 

Web: http://www.azgfd.com/

Dept of Health Services 

1740 W. Adams, Rm 407 

Phoenix, AZ 85007 

Phone: (602) 542-1025 

Fax: (602) 542-1062 

Web: http://www.hs.state.az.us/

Dept 

1

http://www

ARKANSAS (AR)

Dept of Agriculture

No. 1 Natural Resource Dr. 

Little Rock, AR 72205 

Phone: (501) 683-4851 

Fax: (501) 683-4852 

Web: http://aad.arkansas.gov/

 Game & Fish Commission

#2 Natural Resources Dr 

Little Rock, AR 72205 

Phone: (501) 223-6305 

Fax: (501) 223-6448 

Web: http://www.agfc.state.ar.us/

Dept of Health

4815 W. Markham St 

Little Rock, AR 72205 

Phone: (501) 611-2111 

Fax: (501) 671-1450 

http://www.healthyarkansas.com

 Dep

Sol

8017 

Lit

www.adeq
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

CALIFORNIA (CA)

CA Dept of Food & Agriculture

1220 N. St, Ste A-400 

Sacramento, CA 95814-5607 

Phone: (916) 654-0433 

Fax: (916) 654-0403 

http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/

CA Dept of Fish & Game 

P.O. Box 944209 

Sacramento, CA 94244-2090 

Phone: (916) 653-7667 

Fax: (916) 653-1856 

http://www.dfg.ca.gov/

CA Dept of Health Services 

1501 Capitol Ave, Ste 6001 

Sacramento, CA 95814 

Phone: (916) 440-7400 

Fax: (916) 440-7404 

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/

CA Int

http://w

COLORADO (CO)

 Dept of Agriculture 

700 Kipling St, Ste 4000 

Lakewood, CO 80215-8000 

Phone: (303) 239-4100 

Fax: (303) 239-4125 

http://www.ag.state.co.us/

 Division of Wildlife 

6060 Broadway 

Denver, CO 80216 

Phone: (303) 291-7208 

Fax: (303) 294-0874 

http://www.wildlife.state.co.us/

Dept of Public Health & Environment 

4300 Cherry Creek Dr, South 

Glendale, CO 80246 

Phone: (303) 692-2000 

Fax: (303) 691-1979 

http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/

Dept of 

Hazardous M

43

D

http://www

CONNECTICUT (CT)

Dept of Agriculture

165 Capitol Ave. 

Hartford, CT 06106 

Phone: (860) 713-2500 

Fax: (860) 713-2514 

http://www.ct.gov/doag/site/default.asp

Bureau of Natural Resources

CT Dept of Environmental Protection 

79 Elm St 

Hartford, CT 06106-5127 

Phone: (860) 424-3010 

Fax: (860) 424-4078 

http://www.dep.state.ct.us/

 Dept of Public Health

401 Capitol Ave 

Hartford, CT 06134 

Phone: (860) 509-7101 

Fax: (860) 509-7111 

http://www.dph.stats.ct.us

 Dept 

Bu

H

http

DELEWARE (DE) 

Dept of Agriculture 

2320 S. DuPont Highway 

Dover, DE 19901 

Phone: (302) 698-4500 

Fax: (302) 697-4463 

http://www.state.de.us/deptagri/

Division of Fish & Wildlife

89 Kings Highway 

Dover, DE 19901 

Phone: (302) 739-5295 

Fax: (302) 739-6157 

http://www.fw.delaware.gov

Health and Social Services

Jesse Cooper Bldg 

417 Federal St 

Dover, DE 19901 

Phone: (302) 739-4700 

Fax: (302) 739-6659 

http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/index.html

Dept of Nat

Air 

Hazardo
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts 

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC) 

DC Dept of Health

825 N. Capitol St, NW, Ste 4400 

Washington, DC 20002 

Phone: (202) 442-5999 

Fax: (202) 442-4788 

http://dchealth.dc.gov/doh/site/default.asp

Fisheries & Wildlife Program

Environmental Health Administration 

Fisheries & Wildlife Div 

51 N. St, NE, 5th Floor 

Washington DC 20002-3323 

Phone: (202) 535-2266 

Fax: (202) 535-1373 

http://dchealth.dc.gov/doh/cwp/

view,a,1374,Q,584468,dohNav_GID,1810,.asp

DC Dept of Health

825 N. Capitol St, NW, Ste 4400 

Washington, DC 20002 

Phone: (202) 442-5999 

Fax: (202) 442-4788 

http://dchealth.dc.gov/doh/site/default.asp

D

So

W

http://dchealth.

hNAV_GID

FLORIDA (FL) 

 Dept of Agriculture & Consumer Services 

The Capitol, PL10 

Tallahassee, FL 32399-0810 

Phone: (850) 488-3022 

Fax: (850) 922-4936 

http://doacs.state.fl.us/

 Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission 

620 S. Meridian St 

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1600 

Phone: (850) 488-2975 

Fax: (850) 921-5786 

http://myfwc.com/

 Dept of Health 

2585 Merchants Row Blvd 

Tallahassee, FL 32399 

Phone: (850) 245-4321 

Fax: (850) 487-3729 

http://www.doh.state.fl.us/

 Dept 

Div

Bureau 

Solid W

Ta

http://www.de

GEORGIA (GA) 

GA Dept of Agriculture

204 Agricultural Bldg 

19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr 

Atlanta, GA 30334 

Phone: (404) 656-3600 

Fax: (404) 651-8206 

http://agr.georgia.gov

GA Dept of Natural Resources 

2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr., SE, Ste 1252 East 

Atlanta, GA 30334 

Phone: (404) 656-3500 

Fax: (404) 656-0770 

Web: http://www.gadnr.org/

GA Wildlife Resources Division 

2070 US Highway 278, SE 

Social Circle, GA 30025 

Phone: (770) 918-6401 

Fax: (706) 557-3030 

http://www.gadnr.org

GA Dept of Human Resources

2 Peachtree Street, NW, Suite 7-300 

Atlanta, GA 30303 

Phone: (404) 657-2700 

Fax: (404) 657-2715 

http://health.state.ga.us/

GA 

Envir

42

http://www.ga
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

GUAM (GU) 

GU Dept of Agriculture

192 Diary Road 

Mangilao, GU 96923 

Phone: (671) 734-3942 

Fax: (671) 734-6569 

Div of Aquatic & Wildlife Resources

Dept of Agriculture 

192 Dairy Road 

Mangilao GU 96923 

Phone: (671) 735-3984 

Fax: (671) 734-6570 

http://www.guamdawr.org/

 Dept of Public Health & Social Services 

P.O. Box 2816 

Agana, GU 96910 

Phone: (671) 735-7102 

Fax: (671) 734-5910 

http://www.govguam.net/agency/dphss/index.html

GU Env

A

http://

HAWAII (HI)

HI Dept of Agriculture

Office of the Chairperson 

1428 S. King St 

Honolulu, HI 96814 

Phone: (808) 973-9551 

Fax: (808) 973-9613 

http://www.hawaiiag.org/hdoa/

HI Dept of Land & Natural Resources

PO Box 621 

Honolulu, HI 96809 

Phone: (808) 587-0401 

Fax: (808) 587-0390 

http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/

HI Dept of Health 

1250 Punchbowl St 

Honolulu, HI 96813 

Phone: (808) 566-4410 

Fax: (808) 586-4444 

http://www.state.hi.us/health

Enviro

Solid 

http://www.ha

IDAHO (ID)

ID Dept of Agriculture

2270 Old Penitentiary Rd 

Boise, ID 83712 

Phone: (208) 332-8500 

Fax: (208) 334-2170 

http://www.idahoag.us/

ID Fish & Game Dept

Box 25, 600 S. Walnut 

Boise ID 83707 

Phone: (208) 334-5159 

Fax: (208) 334-4885 

http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/

ID Dept of Health & Welfare

450 W. State St, Box 83720 

Boise, ID 83720 

Phone: (208) 334-5500 

Fax: (208) 334-6558 

http://www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/

ID De

Waste M

http://www.de

ILLINOIS (IL)

IL Dept of Agriculture 

State Fairgrounds 

P.O. Box 19281 

Springfield, IL 62794-9281 

Phone: (217) 782-2172 

Fax: (217) 785-4505 

http://www.agr.state.il.us/

IL Dept of Natural Resources 

One Natural Resources Way 

Springfield, IL 62702-1271 

Phone: (217) 785-0075 

Fax: (217) 785-9236 

http://dnr.state.il.us/

IL Dept of Public Health 

535 W. Jefferson St 

Springfield, IL 62761 

Phone: (217) 782-4977 

Fax: (217) 782-3987 

http://www.idph.state.il.us/

IL Env

Div 

1021 N. G

Sp

http
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

INDIANA (IN)

IN Board of Animal Health

805 Beachway Dr., Ste 50 

Indianapolis, IN 46224 

Phone: (317) 227-0300 

Fax: (317) 227-0330 

http://www.boah.in.gov

Division of Fish & Wildlife 

IN Dept of Natural Resources 

402 W. Washington St, Rm W-273 

Indianapolis, IN 46204 

Phone: (317) 232-4091 

Fax: (317) 232-8150 

http://www.state.in.us/dnr/fishwild

IN State Dept of Health 

2 North Meridian Street 

Indianapolis, IN 46204 

Phone: (317) 233-7400 

Fax: (317) 233-7387 

http://www.in.gov/isdh/

IN Dep

P

Ind

http://www.in

IOWA (IA)

IA Dept of Agriculture & Land Stewardship 

Wallace Bldg, 502 E. 9th St 

Des Moines, IA 50319 

Phone: (515) 281-5322 

Fax: (515) 281-7046 

http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/

IA Dept of Natural Resources

E. Ninth & Grand Ave 

Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 

Phone: (515) 281-5385 

Fax: (515) 281-6794 

www.iowa.gov/state/main.agnr.html

IA Dept of Public Health

Lucas State Office Bldg 

321 E. 12th St 

Des Moines, IA 50319 

Phone: (515) 281-5605 

Fax: (515) 281-4958 

http://www.idph.state.ia.us/

IA D

Energy 

De

http://www

KANSAS (KS)

KS Animal Health Dept

708 SW Jackson 

Topeka, KS 66603-3714 

Phone: (785) 296-2326 

Fax: (785) 296-1765 

http://www.kansas.gov/kahd/index.html

Wildlife Operations

KS Dept of Wildlife & Parks 

512 SE 25th Ave 

Pratt, KS 67124-8174 

Phone: (316) 672-5911 

Fax: (316) 672-6020 

http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/

KS Dept of Health & Environment

Curtis State Office Bldg 

1000 SW Jackson, Ste 300 

Topeka, KS 66612 

Phone: (785) 296-1086 

Fax: (785) 296-1562 

http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/

KS De

D

Bur

1

T

http://ww

KENTUCKY (KY)

KY Dept of Agriculture 

Rm 188, Capitol Annex 

Frankfort, KY 40601 

Phone: (502) 564-5126 

Fax: (502) 564-5016 

http://www.kyagr.com/

KY Dept of Fish/Wildlife Resources

One Game Farm Rd 

Frankfort, KY 40601 

Phone: (502) 564-7109 X333 

Fax: (502) 564-6508 

http://www.kdfwr.state.ky.us/

KY Dept for Health Services 

275 E. Main St 

Frankfort, KY 40621 

Phone: (502) 564-3970 

Fax: (502) 564-6533 

http://publichealth.state.ky.us

KY Dep

Div of W

http://ww
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

LOUISIANA (LA)

LA Dept of Ag & Forestry

P.O. Box 631 

Baton Rouge, LA 70821-0631 

Phone: (225) 922-1234 

Fax:(225) 922-1253 

http://www.ldaf.state.la.us/

LA Dept of Wildlife and Fisheries 

P. O. Box 98000 

Baton Rouge, LA 70898-9000 

Phone: (225) 765-2623 

Fax: (225) 765-2607 

http://www.wlf.state.la.us/

LA Dept of Health & Hospitals

P.O. Box 3214 

Baton Rouge, LA 70821 

Phone: (225) 342-8093 

Fax: (225) 342-8098 

http://www.oph.dhh.state.la.us/

LA De

Office 

Envi

B

http://w

MAINE (ME)

ME Dept of Agr, Food & Rural Resources 

Deering Bldg (AMHI), 

#28 State House Station 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Phone: (207) 287-3419 

Fax: (207) 287-7548 

http://www.maine.gov/agriculture/index.html

ME Dept of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife

284 State Street, Station #41 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Phone: (207) 287-5202 

Fax: (207) 287-6395 

http://www.state.me.us/ifw/

ME Dept of Human Services 

157 Capitol St 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Phone: (207) 287-8016 

Fax: (207) 287-9058 

http://www.state.me.us/dhs/boh

ME Dep

Bureau o

Div 

A

http://www.m

MARYLAND (MD)

MD Dept of Agriculture

50 Harry S. Truman Parkway 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Phone: (410) 841-5880 

Fax: (410) 841-5914 

http://www.mda.state.md.us/

Wildlife & Heritage Service

MD Dept of Natural Resources 

580 Taylor Ave. E-1 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Phone: (410) 260-8549 

Fax: (410) 260-8595 

http://www.dnr.state.md.us/

MD Dept of Health & Mental Hygiene 

201 W. Preston St, Ste 500 

Baltimore, MD 21201 

Phone: (410) 767-6500 

Fax: (410) 767-6489 

 http://www.dhmh.state.md.us/

MD 

Waste 

Ba

http://www.m

ms/S

MASSACHUSETTS (MA)

MA Dept of Ag Resources

251 Causeway St, Ste 500 

Boston, MA 02114-2151 

Phone: (617) 626-1700 

Fax: (617) 626-1850 

http://www.mass.gov/agr/

Division of Fisheries & Wildlife

MA Dept of Fisheries, Wildlife & Environmental 

Law Enforcement 

One Rabbit Hill Road 

Westborough, MA 01581 

Phone: (508) 792-7270 

Fax: (508) 792-7275 

http://www.state.ma.us/dfwele/dfw

MA Dept of Public Health 

250 Washington St, 2nd Floor 

Boston, MA 02108 

Phone: (617) 624-6000 

Fax: (617) 624-5206 

http://www.state.ma.us/dph/dphhome.htm

MA Dep

Bu

Waste Br

http://
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

MICHIGAN (MI)

MI Dept of Agriculture

Box 30017 

525 W. Allegan 

Lansing, MI 48909 

Phone: (517) 373-1052 

Fax: (517) 335-1423 

http://www.michigan.gov/mda

MI Dept of Natural Resources 

P.O. Box 30028 

Lansing, MI 48909 

Phone: (517) 373-2329 

Fax: (517) 335-4242 

http://www.michigan.gov/dnr

MI Dept of Community Health

201 Townsend 

Lansing, MI 48913 

Phone: (517) 335-8165 

Fax: (517) 335-8263 

http://www.michigan.gov/mdch

MI De

Waste 

Storag

L

http://www.m

MINNESOTA (MN)

MN Dept of Agriculture 

90 West Plato Blvd 

St. Paul, MN 55107 

Phone: (651) 297-3219 

Fax: (651) 297-5522 

http://www.mda.state.mn.us/

Division of Fish and Wildlife

MN Dept of Natural Resources 

500 Lafayette Rd 

St. Paul, MN 55155-4007 

Phone: (651) 297-4218 

Fax: (651) 297-7272 

http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/

MN Dept of Health

85 East 7th Place, Ste 400 

St. Paul, MN 55164 

Phone: (651) 215-5800 

Fax: (651) 215-5801 

http://www.health.state.mn.us/

MN 

5

http://www

MISSISSIPPI (MS)

MS Dept of Ag & Commerce 

121 N. Jefferson St 

Jackson, MS 39201 

Phone: (601) 359-1100 

Fax: (601) 354-7710 

http://www.mdac.state.ms.us/

MS Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries & Parks

2906 Building, P.O. Box 451 

Jackson, MS 39205 

Phone: (601) 432-2001 

Fax: (601) 432-2024 

http://www.mdwfp.com/

MS Dept of Health

2423 N. State St 

P. O. Box 1700 

Jackson, MS 39215 

Phone: (601) 576-7634 

Fax: (601) 576-7931 

http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/

MS De

O

Solid 

2380 H

http://www.d

MISSOURI (MO)

MO Dept of Agriculture 

P.O. Box 630 

Jefferson City, MO 65102 

Phone: (573) 751-3359 

Fax: (573) 751-1784 

http://www.mda.mo.gov/

MO Dept of Conservation 

P.O. Box 180 

Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180 

Phone: (573) 522-4115 

Fax: (573) 751-4467 

http://www.mdc.mo.gov/

MO Dept of Health & Senior Services 

912 Wildwood Dr 

Jefferson City, MO 65102 

Phone: (573) 751-6001 

Fax: (573) 751-6041 

http://www.dhss.mo.gov/

MO 

Div 

Solid 

173

Je

http://www
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

 State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

MONTANA (MT) 

MT Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 200201 

Helena, MT 59620-0201 

Phone: (406) 444-3144 

Fax: (406) 444-5409 

http://agr.mt.gov/

MT Dept of Fish, Wildlife & Parks 

P O Box 200701 

Helena, MT 59620-0701 

Phone: (406) 444-3186 

Fax: (406) 444-4952 

http://fwp.state.mt.us/

MT Dept of Public Health & Human Services 

111 N. Sanders, 3rd Floor 

Helena, MT 59604 

Phone: (406) 444-5622 

Fax: (406) 444-1970 

http://www.dphhs.state.mt.us/

MT De

Per

Waste & Und

H

P

http://www

NEBRASKA (NE)

NE Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 94947 

301 Centennial Mall S., 4th Floor 

Lincoln, NE 68509-4947 

Phone: (402) 471-2341 

Fax: (402) 471-6876 

http://www.agr.state.ne.us/

NE Game & Parks Commission

2200 North 33rd, Box 30370 

Lincoln NE 68510 

Phone: (402) 471-5539 

Fax: (402) 471-5528 

http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/default.asp

NE Health & Human Services System 

P. O. Box 95007 

Lincoln, NE 68509 

Phone: (402) 471-8566 

Fax: (402) 471-9449 

http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/

NE De

L

ht

NEVADA (NV)

NV Dept of Agriculture

251 Jeanell Ave., Ste 3 

Carson City, NV 89703 

Phone: (775) 688-1180 

Fax: (775) 688-1178 

http://agri.state.nv.us/

NV Dept of Wildlife 

1100 Valley Rd 

Reno NV 89512 

Phone: (775) 688-1599 

Fax: (775) 688-1595 

http://www.ndow.org

NV State Health Div

505 E. King St, Rm 201 

Carson City, NV 89710 

Phone: (775) 684-4200 

Fax: (775) 684-4211 

http://health2k.state.nv.us/

NV Div 

Bu

90

C

http://n

NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH)

NH Dept of Agriculture, Markets, & Food 

P.O. Box 2042 

Concord, NH 03302-2042 

Phone: (603) 271-3551 

Fax: (603) 271-1109 

http://agriculture.nh.gov/

NH Fish & Game Department

Hazen Dr 

Concord, NH 03301 

Phone: (603) 271-3422 

Fax: (603) 271-1438 

http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/

NH Dept of Health & Human Services 

129 Pleasant St. 

Concord, NH 03301 

Phone: (603) 271-8560 

Fax: (603) 271-4912 

http://www.dhhs.state.nh.us/

NH De

S

C

http
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

 State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

NEW JERSEY (NJ)

NJ Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 330 

John Fitch Plaza 

Trenton, NJ 08625 

Phone: (609) 292-3976 

Fax: (609) 292-3978 

http://www.state.nj.us/ agriculture/

NJ Div of Fish & Wildlife

P.O. Box 400 

Trenton, NJ 08625 

Phone: (609) 292-9410 

Fax: (609) 292-8207 

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/

NJ Dept of Health & Senior Services 

P. O. Box 360, Rm 805 

Trenton, NJ 08625 

Phone: (609) 292-7837 

Fax: (609) 292-0053 

http://www.state.nj.us/health

NJ Dep

Solid 

T

http

NEW MEXICO (NM)

NM Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 30005, MSC: 3189 

Las Cruces, NM 88003-8005 

Phone: (505) 646-3007 

Fax: (505) 646-8120 

http://www.nmda.nmsu.edu/

NM Game & Fish Dept 

One Wildlife Wy 

Santa Fe, NM 87507 

Phone: (505) 476-8008 

Fax: (505) 476-8124 

http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us

NM Dept of Health

1190 Saint Francis Dr 

Santa Fe, NM 87502 

Phone: (505) 827-2613 

Fax: (505) 827-2530 

http://www.health.state.nm.us/

N

En

1190 S

http://www

NEW YORK (NY)

NY Dept of Agriculture & Markets 

10B Airline Dr 

Albany, NY 12235 

Phone: (518) 457-4188 

Fax: (518) 457-3087 

http://www.agmkt.state.ny.us/

Div of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources 

NY Dept of Environmental Conservation 

625 Broadway, 5th Floor 

Albany, NY 12233-4750 

Phone: (518) 402-8924 

Fax: (518) 402-8925 

http://www.dec.state.ny.us/

NY Dept of Health

Empire State Plaza 

Corning Tower Bldg. 14th Floor 

Albany, NY 12237 

Phone: (518) 474-2011 

Fax: (518) 474-5450 

http://www.health.state.ny.us/

NY Dept 

Div of 

A

http://www.de

NORTH CAROLINA (NC)

NC Dept of Agriculture & Consumer Services 

1001 Mail Service Center 

Raleigh, NC 27699 

Phone: (919) 733-7125 

Fax: (919) 733-1141 

http://www.ncagr.com/

NC Wildlife Resources Commission 

512 N. Salisbury St 

Raleigh, NC 27604-1188 

Phone: (919) 733-3391 

Fax: (919) 733-7083 

http://www.ncwildlife.org/

NC Dept of Health & Human Services 

101 Blair Dr 

Raleigh, NC 27626 

Phone: (919) 733-4261 

Fax: (919) 715-4645 

http://www.state.nc.us/DHR

NC Dep

D

1

R

http://www.w
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

NORTH DAKOTA (ND)

ND Dept of Agriculture 

Board of Animal Health 

600 E. Blvd Ave., Dept. 602 

Bismarck, ND 58505-0020 

Phone: (701) 328-2231 

Fax: (701) 328-4567 

http://www.agdepartment.com/ 

Programs/Livestock/BOAH/BOAH.html

ND Game & Fish Dept

100 North Bismarck Expressway 

Bismarck, ND 58501 

Phone: (701) 328-6351 

Fax: (701) 328-6352 

http://gf.nd.gov/

ND Dept of Health

600 East Boulevard Avenue 

Bismarck, ND 58505 

Phone: (701) 328-2378 

Fax: (701) 328-4727 

http://www.ndhealth.gov/

D

Bi

http://

NOTHERN MARIANNA ISLANDS 

Director of Agriculture 

Department of Lands & Natural Resources 

P.O. Box 10007 

Saipan, MP 96950 

Dept of Lands & Natural Resources 

P.O. Box 10007 

Saipan, MP 96950 

Phone: (670) 322-9834 

Fax: (670) 322-2633 

http://www.dfw.gov.mp/default.htm

Northern Marianna Ils Dept of Public Health 

P.O. Box 500409 

Saipan, MP 96950 

Phone: (670) 234-8950 

Fax: (670) 234-8930 

http://www.dphsaipan.com/

Commonw

Div 

3rd F

OHIO (OH)

OH Dept of Agriculture 

8995 E. Main St 

Reynoldsburg, OH 43068-3399 

Phone: (614) 466-2732 

Fax: (614) 466-6124 

http://www.ohioagriculture.gov/

OH Division of Wildlife 

2045 Morse Rd, Bldg G 

Columbus, OH 43229-6605 

Phone: (614) 265-6304 

Fax: (614) 262-1143 

http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/wildlife/default.htm

OH Dept of Health

246 N. High St 

P. O. Box 118 

Columbus, OH 43266 

Phone: (614) 466-2253 

Fax: (614) 644-0085 

http://www.odh.state.oh.us/

OH Env

Div of S

122 

Co

h

OKLAHOMA (OK)

OK Dept of Agriculture, Food, & Forestry 

P.O. Box 528804 

Oklahoma City, OK 73152-8804 

Phone: (405) 521-3864 

Fax: (405) 522-0909 

http://www.oda.state.ok.us/

OK Dept of Wildlife Conservation

P.O. Box 53465 

Oklahoma City, OK 73152-3465 

Phone: (405) 521-4660 

Fax: (405) 521-6505 

http://www.wildlifedepartment.com/

OK Dept of Health 

1000 N. East 10th St 

Oklahoma City, OK 73117 

Phone: (405) 271-5600 

Fax: (405) 271-3431 

http://www.health.ok.gov/

OK De

707 

O

http://www.d
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

OREGON (OR)

OR Dept of Agriculture

635 Capitol Street, NE 

Salem, OR 97301-2532 

Phone: (503) 986-4552 

Fax: (503) 986-4750 

http://egov.oregon.gov/ODA/

OR Dept of Fish & Wildlife 

3406 Cherry Ave N.E. 

Salem, OR 97303-4924 

Phone: (503) 947-6044 

Fax: (503) 947-6042 

http://www.dfw.state.or.us/

OR Dept of Health Services

800 NE Oregon St, Ste. 930 

Portland, OR 97232 

Phone: (503) 731-4000 

Fax: (503) 731-4078 

http://www.oregon.gov/dhs

OR D

Solid Was

http://www.d

PALAU

Republic of Palau 

Office of the President 

PO Box 6051 

Palau, PW 96940 

P: (680) 488-2403/2828 F: (680) 488-2424/1662 

http://www.palaugov.net/minresources/agriculture.h

tml

Republic of Palau 

Office of the President 

PO Box 6051 

Palau, PW 96940 

P: (680) 488-2403/2828 F: (680) 488-2424/1662 

http://www.palaugov.net/minjustice/DFWP/index.h

tml

Republic of Palau 

Office of the President 

PO Box 6051 

Palau, PW 96940 

P: (680) 488-2403/2828 F: (680) 488-2424/1662 

http://www.palaugov.net/minhealth/publichealth/in

dex.htm

P: (680) 488-2

http://www.pa

PENNSYLVANIA (PA)

PA Dept of Agriculture

2301 N. Cameron St 

Harrisburg, PA 17110-9408 

Phone: (717) 7722853 

Fax: (717) 705-8402 

http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/

PA Fish & Boat Commission 

P.O. Box 67000 

Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 

Phone: (717) 657-4515 Fax: (717) 657-4033 

http://www.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/Fish_Boat/pfbcho

m2.html

PA Game Commission

2001 Elmerton Ave 

Harrisburg, PA 17110-9797 

Phone: (717) 787-3633 Fax: (717) 772-0502 

http://www.pgc.state.pa.us/

PA Dept of Health

P. O. Box 90, Room 802 

Harrisburg, PA 17108 

Phone: (717) 787-6436 

Fax: (717) 772-6959 

http://www.health.state.pa.us/

PA Dep

Bureau of La

Division 

Ha

http://www.de

iew

PUERTO RICO (PR)

PR Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 10163 

Santurce, PR 00908-1163 

Phone: (787) 722-0871 

Fax: (787) 723-8512 

http://www.agricultura.gobierno.pr/

Marine Resources Division 

PR Dept of Natural Resources 

P.O. Box 9066600 

San Juan, PR 00906-6600 

P: (787) 723-3090 F: (787) 724-0365 

http://www.gobierno.pr/drna

PR Dept of Health

P. O. Box 70184 

San Juan, PR 00936 

Phone: (787) 274-7602 

Fax: (787) 250-6547 

http://www.salud.gov.pr/

Env

P: (787) 
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

 State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

RHODE ISLAND (RI)

RI Div of Agriculture, DEM 

235 Promenade St, Rm 370 

Providence, RI 02908-5767 

Phone: (401) 222-2781 

Fax: (401) 222-6047 

http://www.dem.ri.gov/ 

programs/bnatres/agricult/index.htm

RI Div of Fish & Wildlife 

Stedman Government Center 

4808 Tower Hill Rd 

Wakefield, RI 02879 

Phone: (401) 789-3094 

Fax: (401) 783-4460 

http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/ 

bnatres/fishwild/index.htm

RI Dept of Health 

3 Capitol Hill, Rm 401 

Providence, RI 02908 

Phone: (401) 222-2231 

Fax: (401) 222-6548 

http://www.health.ri.gov/

RI Dept 

Of

http://www.de

SOUTH CAROLINA (SC)

SC Dept of Agriculture

Wade Hampton Office Building 

P.O. Box 11280 

Columbia, SC 29211 

Phone: (803) 734-2190 

Fax: (803) 734-2192 

http://www.scda.state.sc.us/

SC Dept of Natural Resources 

P.O. Box 167 

Columbia SC 29202 

Phone: (803) 734-4007 

Fax: (803) 734-6310 

http://water.dnr.state.sc.us/

SC Dept of Health & Environmental Control 

2600 Bull St 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Phone: (803) 898-3300 

Fax: (803) 898-3323 

http://www.scdhec.net/

SC Dept of 

Bureau 

Div of 

http://www

SOUTH DAKOTA (SC)

SD Dept of Agriculture 

523 E. Capitol 

Pierre, SD 57501-3182 

Phone: (605) 773-5425 

Fax: (605) 773-5926 

http://www.state.sd.us/doa/

SD Game, Fish and Parks Dept

523 E. Capitol 

Pierre, SD 57501-3182 

Phone: (605) 773-3387 

Fax: (605) 773-6245 

http://www.state.sd.us/gfp/

SD Dept of Health

600 E. Capitol 

Pierre, SD 57501 

Phone: (605) 773-3361 

Fax: (605) 773-5683 

http://www.state.sd.us/doh

SD Dept of E

Div 

Wa

F

P

P

http://www.sta

TENNESSEE (TN)

TN Dept of Agriculture 

P.O. Box 40627 

Nashville, TN 37204 

Phone: (615) 837-5100 

Fax: (615) 837-5333 

http://www.state.tn.us/agriculture/

TN Wildlife Resources Agency

P.O. Box 40747 

Nashville, TN 37204 

Phone: (615) 781-6552 

Fax: (615) 781-6551 

http://www.state.tn.us/twra/index.html

TN Dept of Health 

3rd Floor Cordell Hull 

425 Fifth Ave, N. 

Nashville, TN 37247 

Phone: (615) 741-3111 

Fax: (615) 741-2491 

http://tennessee.gov/health

TN Dep

Div of Soli

N

http://ten
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

TEXAS (TX)

TX Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 12847 

Capitol Station 

Austin, TX 78711 

Phone: (512) 463-7476 

Fax: (512) 463-1104 

http://www.agr.state.tx.us/

TX Parks & Wildlife Dept

4200 Smith School Rd 

Austin, TX 78744 

Phone: (512) 389-4802 

Fax: (512) 389-4814 

http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/

TX Dept of State Health Srvs

1100 W. 49th St 

Austin, TX 78756 

Phone: (888) 963-7111 

Fax: (512) 458-7477 

http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/

TX Co

W

http://www.tce

ts/waste

UTAH (UT)

UT Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 146500 

Salt Lake City, UT 8411 

Phone: (801) 538-7101 

Fax: (801) 538-7126 

http://ag.utah.gov/

UT Div of Wildlife Resources 

1594 W. North Temple, Ste 2110 

P.O. Box 146301 

Salt Lake City, UT 84114 

Phone: (801) 538-4703 

Fax: (801) 538-4709 

http://wildlife.utah.gov/index.php

UT Dept of Health 

288 North 1460 ,West 

P. O. Box 142802 

Salt Lake City, UT 84114 

Phone: (801) 538-6111 

Fax: (801) 538-6306 

http://health.utah.gov/

UT De

Div 

Salt 

http://www.ha

WSec

VERMONT (VT)

VT Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets 

Drawer 20, 116 State St 

Montpelier, VT 05620 Phone: (802) 828-2430 

Fax: (802) 828-2361 

http://www.vermontagriculture.com/

VT Dept of Fish & Wildlife

103 S. Main St, 10 South 

Waterbury, VT 05671-0501 

Phone: (802) 241-3730 

Fax: (802) 241-3295 

http://www.vtfishandwildlife.com/

VT Dept of Health 

108 Cherry St 

Burlington, VT 05402 

Phone: (802) 863-7280 

Fax: (802) 865-7754 

http://www.healthvermont.gov

VT D

S

W

http://www

VIRGIN ISLANDS (VI)

VI Dept of Agriculture

#1 Estate Lower Love 

St. Croix, VI 00850 

Phone: (340) 778-0997 Fax: (340) 778-7977 

http://www.usvi.org/agriculture/index.html

Div of Fish & Wildlife

Dept of Planning & Natural Resources 

6291 Estate Nazareth 101 

St. Thomas, VI 00802 

Phone: (340) 775-6762 

Fax: (340) 775-3972 http://www.dpnr.gov.vi

VI Dept of Social & Health Svcs

48 Sugar Estate 

St. Thomas, VI 00802 

Phone: (304) 774-0117 

Fax: (304) 773-4001 

http://www.usvi.org/health/

VI Dept of 

Div 

45 

S

 Fax: (340)
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

 State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts 

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

VIRGINIA (VA)

VA Dept of Agriculture & Consumer Srvs 

1100 Bank St, Ste 210 

Richmond, VA 23219 

Phone: (804) 786-3501 

Fax: (804) 371-2945 

http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/

VA Dept of Game & Inland Fisheries

4010 W. Broad St, Box 11104 

Richmond, VA 23230 

Phone: (804) 367-9231 

Fax: (804) 367-0405 

http://www.dgif.state.va.us/

VA State Health Dept 

1500 E. Main St 

P. O. Box 2448 

Richmond, VA 23218 

Phone: (804) 786-3561 

Fax: (804) 786-4616 

http://www.vdh.state.va.us/

VA De

6

R

http://www

WASHINGTON (WA)

WA Dept of Agriculture

P.O. Box 42560 

Olympia, WA 98504-2560 

Phone: (360) 902-1887 

Fax: (360) 902-2092 

http://agr.wa.gov/

WA Dept of Fish & Wildlife

600 Capitol Way North 

Olympia WA 98501-1091 

Phone: (360) 902-2225 

Fax: (360) 902-2947 

http://wdfw.wa.gov/

WA Dept of Health

101 Israel Rd SE 

Tumwater, WA 98501 Phone: (360) 236-4501 

Fax: (360 586-7424 

http://www.doh.wa.gov/

Solid W

O

http://www.ec

WEST VIRGINIA (WV)

WV Dept of Agriculture

1900 Kanawha Blvd East 

Charleston, WV 25305 

Phone: (304) 558-2201 

Fax: (304) 558-2203 

http://www.wvagriculture.org/

Wildlife Resources Section

WV Div of Natural Resources 

1900 Kanawha Blvd, East 

Charleston WV 25305 

Phone: (304) 558-2771 

Fax: (304) 558-3147 

http://www.wvdnr.gov

WV Bureau for Public Health

350 Capitol St, Rm 702 

Charleston, WV 25301 

Phone: (304) 558-2971 

Fax: (304) 558-1035 

http://www.wvdhhr.org/bph

WV Dep

Div of 

601 57th 

WISCONSIN (WI)

WI Dept of Ag, Trade, & Consumer Protection 

2811 Agriculture Dr 

Madison, WI 53708 

Phone: (608) 224-5012 

Fax: (608) 224-5045 

http://datcp.state.wi.us/index.html

WI Dept of Natural Resources

Box 7921 

Madison, WI 53707-7921 

Phone: (608) 266-2621 

Fax: (608) 266-6983 

http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/

WI Div of Public Health 

1 W. Wilson St 

P.O. Box 2659 

Madison, WI 53701 

Phone: (608) 266-1251 

Fax: (608) 267-2832 

http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/

WI 

Bu

http://www
APPENDIX E (Continued) 

State Agricultural, Wildlife, Public Health & Solid Waste Contacts 

AGRICULTURE WILDLIFE PUBLIC HEALTH S

WYOMING (WY) 

WY Dept of Agriculture

2219 Carey Ave 

Cheyenne, WY 82002 

Phone: (307) 777-6569 

Fax: (307) 777-6593 

http://wyagric.state.wy.us/

WY Game & Fish Dept 

5400 Bishop Blvd 

Cheyenne ,WY 82006 

Phone: (307) 777-4501 

Fax: (307) 777-4699 

http://gf.state.wy.us/

WY Dept of Health 

Hathaway Bldg 

2400 Capitol Ave 

Cheyenne, WY 82002 

Phone: (307) 777-7656 

Fax: (307) 777-7439 

http://wdh.state.wy.us/main/index.asp

WY De

Soli

SW Pe

15

http://deq.stat