Science for Solutions 

NOAA COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM 

Decision Analysis Series No. 2 

TECHNOLOGY AND SUCCESS IN RESTORATION, 

CREATION, AND ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE UNITED STATES 

Volume I -- Executive Summary and Annotated Bibliography 

Geoffrey A. Matthews 

Thomas J. Minello 

August 1994 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

Coastal Ocean Office 
The Decision Analysis Series has1 been 

established by NOAA's Coastal Ocean 

Program (COP) to present documents for 

coastal resource decision makers which 

contain analytical treatments of major issues 

or topics. The issues, topics, and principal 

investigators have been selected through an 

extensive peer review process. To learn 

more about the COP or the Decision Analysis 

Series, please write: 

NOAA 

Coastal Ocean Office 

131 5 East West Highway, Sta. 15140 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

or phone 301-71 3-3338. 
Science for Solutions 

NOAA COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM 

Decision Analysis Series No. 2 

TECHNOLOGY AND SUCCESS IN RESTORATION, 

CREATION, AND ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE UNITED STATES 

Volume I -- Executive Summary and Annotated Bibliography 

Geoffrey A. Matthews 

Thomas J. Minello 

NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service 

Southeast Fisheries Science Center 

Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Avenue U 

Galveston, TX 77551 

August 1994 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

D. James Baker, Under Secretary 

Coastal Ocean Office 

Donald Scavia, Director 
This ~ublication should be cited as: 

Matthews, Geoffrey A. and Thomas J. Minello. 1994. Technology and Success in Restoration, Creation, 

and Enhancement of Spartina afferniflora Marshes in the United States. Vol. 1 - Executive Summary and 

Annotated Bibliography. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 2. NOAA Coastal 

Ocean Oftice, Silver Spring, MD. 

This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or 

intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to 

NOAA, or this publication &shed by NOAA, in any advertising or sales promotion 

which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary 

product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause directly or 

&directly the advertised product to be used orb&chased because of this pblication. I 
Note to Readers 

The NOAA Coastal Ocean Program (COP) provides a focal point through which the agency, 

together with other organizations with responsibilities for the coastal environment and its 

resources, can make significant strides toward finding solutions to critical problems. By working 

together toward these solutions, we can ensure the sustainability of these coastal resources and 

allow for compatible economic development that will enhance the well-being of the Nation now 

and in future generations. The goals of the program parallel those of the NOAA Strategic Plan 

for 1995-2005. 

A specific objective of COP is to provide the highest quality scientific information to coastal 

managers in time for critical decision making and in a format useful for these decisions. To help 

achieve this, COP inaugurated a program of developing documents that would synthesize 

information on issues that were of high priority to coastal managers. To develop such documents, 

a three-step process was used: 1) to compile a list of critical topics in the coastal ocean through 

a survey of coastal resource managers and to prioritze and select those suitable for the document 

series through the use of a panel of multidisciplinary technical experts; 2) to solicit proposals to 

do research on these topics and select principal investigators through a rigorous peer-review 

process; and 3) to develop peer-reviewed documents based on the winning proposals. 

Seven topics and associated principal investigators were selected in the initial round. Technology 

and Success in Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement of Spartinu alternQ7ora Marshes in the 

United States by Geoffrey A. Matthews and Thomas J. Minello of the NOAA National Marine 

Fisheries Service's Galveston Laboratory is the second document in this Decision Analysis Series 

to be published and is presented in two volumes. Information on Decision Analysis Series No. 1 

is shown on the inside back cover. Other volumes will be published over the next two years on 

the following topics: seagrass restoration technology, coastal watershed restoration, restoring 

streams and anadromous fish habitat affected by logging, eutrophication and phytoplankton 

blooms, and management of cumulative coastal environmental impacts. 

As with all of its products, COP is very interested in ascertaining the utility of the Decision 

Analysis Series particularly in regard to its application to the management decision process. 

Therefore, we encourage you to write, fax, call, or Internet us with your comments. Please be 

assured that we will appreciate these comments, either positive or negative, and that they will help 

us direct our future efforts. Our address and telephone and fax numbers are on the inside front 

cover. My Internet address is DSCAVIA@HQ.NOAA.GOV. 

' Donald Scavia 

Director 

NOAA Coastal Ocean Program 
VOLUME 1 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

SECTION I-- ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 

OF SELECTED LITERATURE ON 

RESTORATION, CREATION, AND 

ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE UNITED 

STAT-ES 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
Technology and Success 

in Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement 

of Spartina alterniflora Marshes 

in the United States 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Introduction 

Extensive losses of coastal wetlands in the United States caused by sea-level 

rise, land subsidence, erosion, and coastal development have increased hterest in the 

creation of salt marshes within estuaries. Smooth cordgrass Spartina altemiflora is the 

species utilized most for salt marsh creation and restoration throughout the Atlantic and 

Gulf coasts of the U.S., while S. foliosa and Salicomia virginica are often used in 

California. Salt marshes have many valuable functions such as protecting shorelines 

from erosion, stabilizing deposits of dredged material, dampening flood effects, 

trapping water-born sediments, serving as nutrient reservoirs, acting as tertiary water 

treatment systems to rid coastal waters of contaminants, serving as nurseries for many 

juvenile fish and shellfish species, and serving as habitat for various wildlife species 

(Kusler and Kentula 1989). The establishment of vegetation in itself is generally 

sufficient to provide the functions of erosion control, substrate stabilization, and 

sediment trapping. The development of other salt marsh functions, however, is more 

difficult to assess. For example, natural estuarine salt marshes support a wide variety 

of fish and shellfish, and the abundance of coastal marshes has been correlated with 

fisheries landings (Turner 1977, Boesch and Turner 1984). Marshes function for 

aquatic species by providing breeding areas, refuges from predation, and rich feeding 

grounds (Zimmerman and Minello 1984, Boesch and Turner 1984, Kneib 1984, 1987, 

Minello and Zimmerman 1991). However, the relative value of created marshes 

versus that of natural marshes for estuarine animals has been questioned (Carnmen 

1976, Race and Christie 1982, Broome 1989, Pacific Estuarine Research Laboratory 

1990, LaSalle et al. 1991, Minello and Zimmerman 1992, Zedler 1993). Restoration 

of all skt marsh functions is necessary to prevent habitat creation and restoration 

activities from having a negative impact on coastal ecosystems. 
Executive Summary 

This project was undertaken to provide resource managers, habitat researchers, 

coastal planners, and the general public with an assessment of the technology and 

success in restoration, enhancement, and creation of salt marshes in the United States. 

The objective was to be accomplished through the development of three products: 1) 

an annotated bibliography of the pertinent literature, 2) an inventory of restored, 

enhanced, or created Spartina altem$ora marshes, and 3) a directory of people 

working in salt marsh creation and restoration. This executive summary describes 

these products and provides an overall assessment of our understanding regarding 

restoration, enhancement, and creation of salt marsh habitats. In particular, we have 

stressed Spartina altemzjZora marshes and habitat functions related to the support of 

fishes, crustaceans, and other aquatic life. 

Products 

Section I. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Literature on 

Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement of Spartina alterniflora Marshes 

in the United States. 

What was included. This annotated bibliography summarizes the literature on 

created Spartina alternzjlora salt marshes, particularly for the last decade. Literature on 

planting techniques and the establishment of vegetation is included, along with assessments 

of habitat value and functional equivalency. Publications that involve other species of 

Spartina such as S. foliosa have been included if they discuss marsh functions. A 

particular effort was made to include all studies involving nutrients, sediment organics, 

infaunal pop&ations, and utilization of created Spartina marshes by aquatic and fisheries 

species. 

The annotations were written to assist in determining whether a paper is pertinent 

to one's needs. Annotations were much like abstracts or summaries, but also included 

some interpretation on our part, particularly for articles that discussed the use of created 

salt marshes by fishery or related aquatic organisms. 

Articles and project reports were requested from everyone we identified working in 

the field of salt marsh creation and restoration or conducting functional comparisons of 

created and natural marshes. Scientific literature was searched using Current Contents. 
Executive Summary 

Lists of reports from various organizations and agencies were searched for articles 

concerning coastal marsh restoration activities. Articles were also obtained from 

proceedings of symposia on wetlands restorations, particularly those sponsored each spring 

by Hillsborough Community College in Florida, and those published by the Association of 

State Wetland Managers. 

Endnote Plus, a computer reference program (Niles and Associates, Inc. Berkeley, 

CA), was used to create the directory. Entries are in alphabetical order according to the 

first author's last name. The directory is available in hard copy or as an electronic data 

file in Endnote Plus, Pro-Cite, ReferIBibIX, and text formats. 

Limitations. A natural limitation of this annotated bibliography is that some 

important articles may have been missed, and new articles will have been published before 

the bibliography is printed. A few entries were included although their subject matter was 

tangential to the main focus. This distraction was considered more desirable than 

excluding the articles, because the entries showed some of the directions that salt marsh 

restoration activities were heading. Very few entries include quantitative comparisons of 

faunal utilization in created and natural salt marshes. This paucity of published research 

limits our ability to assess whether created marshes have attained functional equivalence; 

fortunately such studies are increasing in number. 

Potential Benefits. This bibliography provides a comprehensive collation of 

literature on coastal salt marsh restoration, enhancement, and creation activities in the 

U.S. Although the focus was on evaluation of created salt marshes, the bibliography also 

covers construction techniques, mitigation requirements, sources of information about 

regional requirements of salt marshes, nutrient requirements and nutrient pools, and even 

a few articles on regional management practices for coastal zones. Thus, the bibliography 

should serve anyone looking for documentation on various aspects of coastal salt marsh 

restoration and coastal-zone wetlands restoration research needs. 

Section II. An Inventory of Restored, Created and Enhanced Spartina 

alterniflora Marshes in the United States. 

Development, This database contains information about restored, enhanced and 

created salt marshes in the coastal U.S. and was created using Microsoft Excel. Available 
4 Executive Summary 

data on location, planting techniques, and success of each marsh was entered via 20 

variables. A total of 787 marshes was located and entered in the database over our 1-year 

study period. Each marsh was assigned a unique inventory number and was also ranked I 

in relation to the amount of available information on the marsh. These information 

rankings included 1) very little information available, a marsh was planned and permitted 

but may never have been constructed, 2) a marsh was planted but the location was not 

precisely identified, 3) a marsh was planted and the exact location is known, 4) a planted 

marsh was evaluated for successful establishment, 5) a marsh was successfully established 

and animal utilization was evaluated. The inventory also includes a few entries for 

marshes where no planting had been done, but restored tidal flow had allowed a marsh to 

develop (Information Ranking = RTE). Contractors throughout the U. S . provided 

information for the inventory on Spartina altemflora marshes that they had designed or 

built. Site information on created marshes was also garnered from publications, reports, 

conference proceedings, and even assorted notes obtained from research ecologists 

working in this field. State environmental and fisheries agencies were consulted for their 

records about man-made salt marshes. Area and district offices of the U.S. Army Corps 

of Engineers (COE), Soil Conservation Service (SCS), U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

and the Habitat Protection Branch of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) were 

also contacted for information about created Spartina altemiflora marshes in their 

respective coastal areas. 

Limitations. The people we contacted in the field of restoration science were 

generally receptive toward our requests and provided available information. Frequently, 

however, data required to evaluate salt marsh construction and utilization by animals were 

never originally recorded, were incomplete, or were not readily available with a 

reasonable search effort. Thus, many of the marshes in the inventory have low 

information rankings. For example, some projects that were issued COE permits were not 

located, and it is unclear whether these marshes were failures or had never been 

constructed. In addition, we obtained some information from design or initial work plans 

for projects, and these plans may not have accurately described the actual planted marsh. 

In situations where we only suspected that a marsh had been created, the inventory entry 

was given an Information Rank of 1 (see frequency diagram below). For other marshes, 

only a general description of the marsh location was available (Information Rank 2). 
Executive Summary 

Marsh Inventory 

327 

(Rank categories are based on amount of information available rp.4.. above], 

with 5 representing marshes for which the most information was available. RTE 

refers to marshes with restored tidal exchange.) 

Information on created Spartina alternzjZora marshes on the West Coast was not 

recorded. A few Spartina alternijlora marshes were planted in West Coast estuaries 

several decades ago, but this species is considered an exotic and is no longer used in that 

region. 

Potential Benefits. Information on locations of created salt marshes is widely 

scattered, often making it difficult to study the progression of plant and animal populations 

and the functional development of these habitats. It may take many years for a created 

marsh to attain the functions of a natural marsh. After a few years, created marshes are 

often superficially identical to natural marshes, and precise location information is 

required to continue studying such sites for development of marsh functions. This 

computerized database is designed to help locate such marshes and to provide basic 

information about each marsh. 
6 Executive Summary 

Despite data-collection limitations, the number of marshes in the inventory 

demonstrates the extent of marsh creation in the coastal areas of the United States. The 

inventory also demonstrates the amount of data lacking for most of these created marshes. 

In many cases, these data are relatively easy to record at marsh creation sites (for example 

the exact location of the marsh), and perhaps the existence of an inventory may stimulate 

better record keeping. Coastal managers should consider requiring such data records as 

part of the permitting process. Much of the missing data on marshes included in the 

inventory may be available somewhere, and we would like to solicit user's help in making 

the inventory as complete as possible. We anticipate updating the inventory periodically 

with the addition of new marshes and the inclusion of additional information on the 

marshes already entered. - 

Section Ill. A Directory of Human Resources Involved in the Restoration, 

Creation, and Enhancement of Spartina alterniflora Marshes. 

Partici~ants. Participation in the directory was strictly on a voluntary basis. Those included, 

therefore, have expressed their willingness to interact with the community of people interested in salt 

marsh restoration. Authors of pertinent research articles were solicited, and many notable estuarine 

ecologists are participating. The directory also includes staff of various federal permitting, 

regulatory, and research agencies including: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways 

Experiment Station, National Marine Fisheries Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - 

National Biological Survey, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation 

Service. Staff of various state and municipal agencies involved in salt marsh restoration are 

included. In addition, the directory includes many contractors and others with hands-on 

knowledge of marsh design and construction. There are over 300 participants in the 

directory. 

Directory Structure. An index lists individuals alphabetically by their last name, 

but the main contents are organized alphabetically by state. Individuals are listed first in 

each state, followed by companies and organizations. Each entry includes the person's 

name, firmlinstitutelagency, address, telephone number, FAX number, position and 

specialty, and a description of some of the participant's latest marsh related projects. The 

directory was created using Endnote Plus, and is available in hard copy or as an electronic 

data file in Endnote Plus, Pro-Cite, ReferlBibIX, and text formats. 
Executive Summary 

Limitations. This directory is not a "complete" listing of all persons and 

organizations involved in preserving and restoring salt marshes and coastal wetlands. A 

large number of people were contacted and asked to participate.' Not everyone chose to 

participate, and undoubtedly we failed to contact some important potential participants. 

The directory is dynamic and is intended to be updated periodically. We are still 

soliciting additional participants and updates to entries. Keywords about each individual 

were not included, but most reference programs can search all fields for descriptive key 

words; one might focus on the "specialty" or "projects" sections of each person's entry. 

Potential Benefits, This directory provides a nucleus of concerned people 

involved in salt marsh restoration ecology. People from a variety of disciplines are 

included, and they can provide information about how to manage coastal salt marsh areas, 

how to create marshes, and how to assess whether the marshes are fulfilling their 

projected functions. The directory should facilitate information exchange among 

ecologists working in this field, lay people and managers concerned about their local 

estuary or marsh, coastal landowners interested in preserving their property from erosion, 

and companies needing assistance with habitat mitigation. 

Conclusions and Recommendations 

Smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is the dominant salt marsh vegetation along 

shorelines of Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. Techniques for seeding, 

planting, and transplanting S. alternzjlora have been sufficiently developed so that the 

establishment of vegetation is highly likely when the prescribed conditions are met 

(Woodhouse 1979, Knutson et al. 1981, Webb and Newling 1985, Allen et al. 1986, 

Earhart and Garbisch 1983, Broome et al. 1988, Broome 1989, Nailon and Seidensticker 

1991). The following key factors have been identified for successfully establishing S. 

alternijlora. 1) Young healthy plants should be used and should be obtained from as close 

to the planting area as possible. Plants from the project vicinity have the best chance for 

survival and good growth because they are adapted to the local conditions. 2) Planting 

should be conducted early in the growing season to provide an adequate length of time for 

establishment. 3) The soil must contain adequate nutrients. Graded down upland soils 

often need additions of fertilizer to supply sufficient nutrients, while dredged material or 

natural bay sediments usually have sufficient nutrients already. 4) Proper elevation 
Executive Summary 

(0.2-0.5 m above Mean Low Water) at the site is critical. Reference should be made to 

the nearest flourishing natural marsh whenever possible. Smooth cordgrass will grow 

over a wider tidal range than where it grows best. Success has dso been achieved when 

plants are placed at the higher end of the elevation range and allowed to grow into lower 

elevations on their own. 5) A gentle slope of 1-10% grade provides sufficient width and 

drainage for the marsh to develop. This slope should continue seaward from the planted 

area to reduce wave height and erosive forces. 6) Good water flow and tidal exchange are 

needed to supply nutrients and to prevent salt build-up in the sediment. 7) Protection 

from waves is particularly important for a new planting. The fetch should be less than 2 

lun; shorter fetches are required if the shoreline faces the direction of high winds during 

stormy weather. 8) Protection of the new plants from pests such as herbivorous fish, 

insects, small mammals, and man is often needed. Each marsh has a unique suite of 

potential pests. 9) Protection from activities on adjacent lands has become increasingly 

important as coastal development continues, and monitoring such activities can protect 

newly planted marshes from destructive abuse. Although following these nine guidelines 

and sound planting principles should result in the successful establishment of a S. 

altemijlora marsh, consultation with local experts will often provide technical refinements 

that will facilitate and insure a greater probability of success. 

Above-ground biomass in created Spartina altemijlora marshes quickly reaches parity 

with natural marshes if these basic conditions for marsh establishment and survival are met 

(Cammen 1975, Webb et al. 1978, Seneca et al. 1985, Webb and Newling 1985, Broome et 

al. 1986, Broome 1989, and LaSalle et al. 1991). The presence of vegetation in itself is 

generally sufficient to provide the functions of erosion control, substrate stabilization, and 

sediment trapping (Knutson et al. 1982). The nutrient-rich sediments trapped by smooth 

cordgrass aid in maintaining and extending the vegetative zone for the species (Allen and 

Webb 1982). Apart from above-ground biomass, however, created salt marshes appear to 

differ from natural marshes in a number of characteristics. Created marshes generally have 

lower sediment organic content, below-ground biomass, densities of benthic infaunal prey 

organisms, and densities of nekton on the marsh surface. There is some evidence that these 

characteristics are linked, and that trophic support for nekton is relatively low in newly 

created salt marshes. 

Below-ground biomass and sediment organic content appear to develop slowly in 

created salt marshes, and levels may take years to become comparable to natural marshes 
Executive Summary 9 

(Cammen 1975, Webb et al. 1978, Lindau and Hossner 1981, Craft et al. 1988, Sacco 1989, 

Langis et al. 1991, LaSalle et al. 1991, Moy and Levin 1991, Minello and Zimmerman 

1992). The origin of the sediment used to create the marsh is important, and organic content 

is generally lower in graded down uplands and sandy dredged material compared with finegrained dredged material. Low initial levels usually increases the time to reach parity with 

natural sediments. 

The density of benthic infauna such as annelid worms, insect larvae, and small 

crustaceans is generally lower in created marshes than in natural marshes. These prey 

organisms are important in supporting the food web of estuarine nekton. In Atlantic coast 

marshes Cammen (1976), Sacco (1989), and Moy and Levin (1991) found lower densities 

and generally different species composition for infaunal organisms in created salt marshes. 

In Texas, Minello and Zimmerman (1992) found that mean amphipod densities in 

transplanted marshes were only 20-40% of densities in natural marshes, and diversity of 

infaunal organisms was significantly lower in the transplanted marshes. Although polychaete 

densities in their study were not significantly different between the natural and transplanted 

marshes, there was some indication that the abundance of this group was related to the age of 

the marsh; differences from natural marshes were greatest for the youngest transplanted 

marsh (2 years old) and smallest for the oldest transplanted marsh (5 years old). LaSalle et 

al. (1991) also reported a positive relationship between the density of benthic infauna and 

marsh age. In most of the above studies, a positive relationship was observed between 

sediment organic content or macro-organic matter and the density of benthic infauna. 

Quantitative sampling of nekton densities in salt marsh vegetation is difficult 

(Zimmerman et al. 1984, Kneib 1991, Rozas 1992), thus comparisons of surface utilization 

between created and natural marshes are limited. Relative abundance in pit traps or Breder 

traps is unreliable in making such comparisons, because the sampling area of these devices 

cannot be accurately defined. Minello and Zimmerman (1992) used a drop sampler to 

compare springtime densities in three created and three natural S. alternzJlora marshes (3-5 

years in age) on the Texas coast and found overall densities of large macrofauna and decapod 

crustaceans were significantly lower in the transplanted marshes. These differences were due 

mainly to daggerblade grass shrimp and young brown shrimp. Diversity of decapod 

crustaceans was also higher in the natural marshes. Densities of fish (mainly the darter goby 

and pinfish) as a group were not significantly different between natural and transplanted 

marshes. In addition, fish diversity was consistently higher in the transplanted marshes. In a 
10 Executive Summary 

larger study of ten created salt marshes (3-15 years in age) in Galveston Bay, Texas, Minello 

and Webb (1993) also found reduced densities of commercially important crustaceans (brown 

shrimp, white shrimp, and blue crabs) when the marshes were compared with five natural 

marshes. In North Carolina, Meyer et al. (1993) used block nets to compare densities of 

fishes, shrimps, and crabs in a planted and natural Spartinu alternzpora marsh. Two years 

following planting, overall mean densities of shrimp (mainly daggerblade grass shrimp and 

brown shrimp) were about three times higher in the natural reference marsh compared with 

the planted marsh, but differences were not statistically significant apparently due to high 

sample variability. Mean crab densities were two to three times higher in the created marsh, 

but again the differences were not significant. Fishes collected included spot, mummichog, 

pinfish, and pigfish, and the mean density for total fish was twice as high in the natural 

marsh as in the created marshes. This difference was statistically significant during two of 

the three sampling periods. These conflicting results in marsh utilization patterns may be the 

result of different sampling gears and techniques or may reflect regional differences in the 

way salt marshes function for nektonic organisms. The results may also be attributable to 

the natural variability in populations of organisms that occur from year to year and the 

natural variability in carrying capacity of habitats. Until a substantial number of such 

quantitative comparisons are available, it will be difficult to assess functional parity between 

created and natural salt marsh habitats. 

Understanding the functional development of created marshes requires an 

understanding of how natural salt marsh systems function. There is evidence, for 

example, that salt marshes function differently for shrimp, crabs, and fishes in different 

coastal regions. Direct exploitation of the marsh surface is extensive in many marshes of 

the northern--Gulf of Mexico (Zimmerman and Minello 1984, Thomas et al. 1990, Baltz et 

al. 1993, Rozas and Reed 1993, Peterson and Turner 1994), thus densities of decapods 

and fishes and their prey on the marsh surface should reflect habitat value for marshes in 

this region. Direct use of the marsh surface may be lower in marshes along the Atlantic 

coast, and nekton densities in these marshes appear to be substantially lower than in the 

Gulf (Hettler 1989, Mense and Wenner 1989, Kneib 1991, Fitz and Wiegert 1991). 

Atlantic coast marshes have relatively less edge, higher elevations, and different tidal 

inundation patterns, and all of these factors may affect utilization patterns of nekton 

(Rozas 1993). These regional differences increase the necessity for functional studies 

comparing natural and transplanted salt marshes in various parts of the country. 
Executive Summary 11 

Indications of long-term retarded functional development in created salt marshes 

suggest that some habitat functions may never fully develop. However, under the 

assumption that most created marshes can eventually develop into fully functional habitats, 

there has been considerable interest in methods for stimulating marsh development rates. 

The correlative relationships identified between sediment organic content and infaunal 

populations have inspired work on the addition of organic amendments to sediments before 

planting. This work has shown promise for increasing the rate of marsh development, but 

success may be related to local and regional conditions (Currin, C. ; Zedler, J. ; Broome, 

S. ; personal communications). The value of increasing sediment organic matter through 

the addition of soil amendments may depend upon the causal relationships between 

infaunal abundance and the development of marsh sediments. For example, if infaunal 

populations increase because sediment organic matter is used as food by deposit feeders, 

the relative amount of refractory organic matter may be important. However, sediment 

organics may also alter the physical structure of the sediment improving the habitat for 

infauna. Thus, factors such as porosity, bulk density, size of detrital particles, and 

inorganic grain size distribution may be important. In addition, the oxygenation of 

sediments by live plant roots may be a factor in increasing infaunal abundance. 

Controlling development rates of marsh sediments, therefore, may be difficult without a 

better understanding of sediment/infaunal relationships. Other research on improving 

functionality of created marshes indicates that the addition of edge through the 

construction of channels and creeks can dramatically increase use of the marsh surface by 

nekton (Mine110 et al. 1994). The value of adding edge, however, may also be a regional 

phenomena, and adding edge in Atlantic coast marshes may not be beneficial. Natural salt 

marshes in the northern Gulf of Mexico have relatively more edge and are apparently used 

more extensively by aquatic animals than marshes along the Atlantic coast (Rozas 1993). 

Despite a great deal of rhetoric regarding functional equivalency in created 

marshes, quality research on the problem has been limited. Important questions that still 

must be addressed center on how natural salt marshes function for fishery and aquatic 

species and how these functions vary regionally. Without this basic understanding of salt 

marsh ecosystems, comparisons of natural and created systems will continue to be limited 

in scope. Comparisons of natural and created marsh use by fishery species and other 

aquatic nekton are needed, but these comparisons must be based on quantitative samples in 

marsh creeks and within the vegetation itself. The use of enclosure samplers is generally 

required for measuring animal densities in these vegetated habitats. A variety of such 
Executive Summary 

devices have now been developed including throw traps and drop samplers (Kushlan 1981, 

Zimmerman et al. 1984), flume and block nets (McIvor and Odum 1986, Hettler 1989), 

and lift nets and flume weirs (Rozas 1992, Kneib 1991). Comparisons of functional I 

equivalency in created and natural marshes may also require experimental measurements 

of animal growth and predation risk in these habitats. 

A basic and pervasive problem in functional comparisons is a limited replication of 

study marshes. The development of our marsh inventory may be useful in this regard by 

helping to identify additional created marshes for analysis. Sound inferences concerning 

relative functioning of marshes require an estimate of variability among both natural 

marshes and created marshes. If for example, only one created marsh is examined in the 

study area, conclusions can only be made regarding that marsh and not created marshes in 

general. In a similar manner, variability among natural marshes is often great and should 

also be assessed. Data on spatial variability within marshes and seasonal and annual 

variability are also important (Zedler et al. 1986), but information on marsh to marsh 

variability will be most useful in assessing the overall value of created marshes compared 

with natural marshes. 
Executive Summary 13 

Literature Cited 

Allen, H. H., S. 0. Shirley, and J. W. Webb Jr. "Vegetative stabilization of dredged 

material in moderate to high wave-energy environments for created wetlands." In: 

Proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. in 

Hillsborough. FL, edited by F. J. Webb, Hillsborough, FL: Hillsborough Community 

College, 19-35, 1986. 

Allen, H. H. and J. W. Webb Jr. "Influence of breakwaters on artificial salt marsh 

establishment on dredged material." In: Proceedings of the ninth annual conference on 

wetland restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FL,, edited by F. J. Webb, Hillsborough 

Community College, 18-35, 1982. 

Baltz, D. M., C. Rakocinski, and J. W. Fleeger. "Microhabitat use by mush-edge fishes in 

a Louisiana estuary." Environ. Biol. Fishes 36 (1993): 109-126. 

Boesch, D. F. and R. E. Turner. "Dependence of fishery species on salt marshes: the role of 

food and refuge." Estuaries 7 (1984): 460-468. 

Broome, S. W. "Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the southeastern United 

States." In: Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science. Part 1. Regional 

Review., eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 37-72. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, Inc., 

1989. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse Jr. "Long-term growth and 

development of transplants of the salt-marsh grass Spartina alterniflora." Estuaries 9 (1986): 

63-74. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse Jr. "Tidal salt marsh restoration." 

Aauat. Bot. 32 (1988): 1-22. 

Cammen, L. M. "Accumulation rate and turnover time of organic carbon in a salt marsh 

sediment." Limnol. Oceanogr. 20 (1975): 1012-1015. 

Cammen, L. M. "Abundance and production of macroinvertebrates from natural and 

artificially established salt marshes in North Carolina. " American Midland Naturalis1 96 

(1976): 487-493. 

Craft, C., S. Broome, and E. Seneca. "The role of transplanted marshes in processing 

nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in estuarine waters. " In: Increasing our wetland 

resources. ~roceedings of a conference. Natl. Wildl. Fed,, eds. J. Zelazny and J. 

Feierabend. 327-332. Washington, DC. : 1988. 

Earhart, H. G. and E. W. Garbisch Jr. "Habitat development utilizing dredged material at 

Barren Island, Dorchester County, Maryland. " Wetlands 3 (1983): 108-1 19. 
14 Executive Summary 

Earhart, H. G. and E. W. Garbisch Jr. "Beneficial uses of dredged materials at Barren 

Island, Dorchester County, Maryland." In: Proceedin~s of the thirteenth annual conference 

on wetlands restoration and creation. in Hillsborough. FL, edited by F. J. Webb Jr., 

Hillsborough, FL: Hillsborough Community College, 75-85, 19g6. 

Fitz, H. C. and R. G. Wiegert. "Utilization of the intertidal zone of a salt marsh by the blue 

crab Callinectes sapidus - Density, return frequency, and feeding habits." Mar. Ecol. Prog;. 

d Ser 76 (1991): 249-260. 

Hettler, W. F. "Nekton use of regularly-flooded salt marsh cordgrass habitat in North 

Carolina, USA." Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 56 (1989): 111-118. 

Kneib, R. T. "Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance in the intertidal salt marsh: 

causes and questions." Estuaries 7 (1984): 392-412. - 

Kneib, R. T. "Predation risk and use of intertidal habitats by young fishes and shrimp." 

Ecologv 68 (1987): 379-86. 

Kneib, R. T. "Flume weir for quantitative collection of nekton from vegetated intertidal 

habitats. " Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 75 (1991): 29-38. 

Knutson, P. L., R. A. Brochu, W. N. Seelig, and M. Inskeep. "Wave damping in Spartina 

alterniflora marshes. " Wetlands 2 (1982): 87-104. 

Knutson, P. L., J. C. Ford, M. R. Inskeep, and J. Oyler. "National survey of planted salt 

marshes (vegetative stabilization and wave stress). " Wetlands 1 (1981): 129-157. 

Kushlan, J. "Sampling characteristics of enclosure fish traps. " Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110 

(1981): 557-562. 

Kusler, J. A. and M. E. Kentula, eds. Wetland Creation and Restoration. The Status of the 

Science. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1989. 

Langis, R., M. Zalejko, and J. B. Zedler. "Nitrogen assessments in a constructed and a 

natural salt marsh of San Diego Bay." Ecol. ADD^. 1 (1991): 40-51. 

LaSalle, M. W., M. C. Landin, and J. G. Sims. "Evaluation of the flora and fauna of a 

Spartina altemzjlora marsh established on dredged material in Winyah Bay, South Carolina." 

Wetlands 11 (1991): 191-208. 

Lindau, C. W. and L. R. Hossner. "Substrate characterization of an experimental marsh and 

three natural marshes." Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 45 (1981): 1171-76. 

McIvor, C. C. and W. E. Odum. "The flume net: A quantitative method for sampling fishes 

and macrocrustaceans on tidal marsh surfaces." Estuaries 9(3) (1986): 219-224. 
Executive Summary 15 

Mense, D. J. and E. L. Wenner. "Distribution and abundance of early life history stages of 

the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, in tidal marsh creeks near Charleston, South Carolina." 

Estuaries 12 (1989): 157-68. 

Meyer, D. L., M. S. Fonseca, D. R. Colby, W. J. Kenworthy, and G. W. Thayer. "An 

examination of created marsh and seagrass utilization by living marine resources." In: 

Coastal Zone '93. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 8th Svmposium on Coastal and Ocean 

Management., eds. 0. Magoon, W.S. Wilson, H. Converse, and L. T. Tobin. 1858-1863. 

New York. : American Society Of Civil Engineers, 1993. 

Minello, T. J. and J. W. Webb Jr. "The development of fishery habitat value in created salt 

marshes." In: Coastal Zone '93. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Coastal 

and Ocean Management,, eds. 0. Magoon, W.S. Wilson, H. Converse, and L. T. Tobin. 

1864-1865. New York: American Society Of Civil Engineers, 1993. 

Minello, T. J. and R. J. Zimmerman. "The role of estuarine habitats in regulating growth 

and survival of juvenile penaeid shrimp." In: Frontiers in shrimp research., eds. P. 

DeLoach, W. J. Dougherty, and M. A. Davidson. 1-16. Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ., 

1991. 

Minello, T. J. and R. J. Zimmerman. "Utilization of natural and transplanted Texas salt 

marshes by fish and decapod crustaceans." Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 90 (1992): 273-285. 

Minello, T. J., R. J. Zimmerman, and R. Medina. "The importance of edge for natant 

macrofauna in a created salt marsh. " Wetlands (in press) (1994): 

Moy , L. D. and L. A. Levin. "Are Spartina marshes a replaceable resource? A functional 

approach to evaluation of marsh creation efforts." Estuaries 14 (1991): 1-16. 

Nailon, R. W. and E. L. Seidensticker. "The effects of shoreline erosion in Galveston Bay, 

Texas." In: Coastal wetlands, ed. H. S. Bolton. 193-206. New York: Amer. Soc. Civil 

~n~ineers-, 199 1. 

pacific Estuarine Research Laboratory. A manual for assessing restored and natural coastal 

wetlands with examples from southern California. California Sea Grant Report No. TCSGCP-02 1. La Jolla, California: 1990. 

Peterson, G. W. and R. E. Turner. "The value of salt marsh edge vs interior as a habitat for 

fish and decapod crustaceans in a Louisiana tidal marsh." Estuaries 17 (1994): 235-262. 

Race, M. S. and D. R. Christie. "Coastal zone development: mitigation, marsh creation, and 

decision-making." Environ. Manak 6 (1982): 317-328. 

Rozas, L. P. "Bottomless lift net for quantitatively sampling nekton in intertidal marshes." 

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89 (1992): 287-292. 
16 Executive ~urknar~ 

Rozas, L. P. "Nekton use of salt marshes of the Southeast region of the United States." In: 

Coastal Zone '93. Volume 2. Proceedin~s of the 8th Sym-posium on Coastal and Ocean 

Management., eds. 0. Magoon, W.S. Wilson, H. Converse, and L. T. Tobin. 528-536. New 

York: American Society Of Civil Engineers, 1993. I 

Rozas, L. P. and D. J. Reed. "Nekton use of marsh-surface habitats in Louisiana (USA) 

deltaic salt marshes undergoing submergence." Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96 (1993): 147-157. 

Sacco, J. Infaunal communitv develo~ment of artificially established salt marshes in North 

Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis. North Carolina State Universitv. Raleigh: 1989. 

Seneca, E. D., S. W. Broome, and W. W. Woodhouse Jr. "Comparison of Spartina 

alterniflora-Loisel. transplants from different locations in a man-initiated marsh in North 

Carolina. " Wetlands 5 (1985): 18 1-190. 

Thomas, J. L., R. J. Zimmerman, and T. J. Minello. "Abundance patterns of juvenile blue 

crabs (Callinectes sapidm) in nursery habitats of two Texas bays." Bull. Mar. Sci. 46 

(1990): 115-125. 

Turner, R. E. "Intertidal vegetation and commercial yields of penaeid shrimp. " Trans. Am. 

Fish. Soc. 106 (1977): 411-16. 

Webb, J. W., J. D. Dodd, B. W. Cain, W. R. Leavens, L. R. Hossner, C. Lindau, R. R. 

Stickney, and H. Williamson. Habitat develo~ment field investigations. Bolivar Peninsula 

marsh and u~land habitat development site. Galveston Bay. Texas. A~~endix D: Pro~ogation 

of vascular ~lants and -postpro-pogation monitoring of botanical. soil. aauatic biota. and 

wildlife resources. Tech. Rept. D-78-15. Vicksburg, MS: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 

Waterways Experiment Station, 1978. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. and C. J. Newling. "Comparison of natural and man-made salt marshes in 

Galveston Bay complex, Texas. " Wetlands 4 (1985): 75-86. 

Woodhouse, W. W., Jr. Building salt marshes alone; the coasts of the continental United 

States. Swial Re~ort No, 4. Fort Belvoir, VA: U.S. Army Corps Eng., Coastal Eng. Res. 

Cent., 1979. 

Zedler, J. B. "Canopy architecture of natural and planted cordgrass marshes: selecting 

habitat evaluation criteria. " Ecol. Appl. 3 (1993): 123-138. 

Zedler, J. B., J. Covin, C. Nordby, P. Williams, and J. Boland. "Catastrophic events reveal 

the dynamic nature of salt-marsh vegetation in southern California." Estuaries 9 (1986): 75- 

80. 

Zimmerman, R. J. and T. J. Minello. "Densities of Penaem aztecm, P. setiferus and other 

natant macrofauna in a Texas salt marsh." Estuaries 7 (1984): 421-433. 
Executive Summary 17 

Zimmerman, R. J., T.. J. Minello, and G. Zamora. "Selection of vegetated habitat by brown 

shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, in a Galveston Bay salt marsh." Fish. Bull.. U.S, 82 (1984): 325- 

336. 
SECTION I 

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 

SELECTED LITERATURE ON 

RESTORATION, CREATION, AND 

ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

AL TERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE 

UNITED STATES 
Foreword 

Coastal development, sea level rise, and land subsidence have resulted in 

extensive losses of estuarine salt marsh habitat throughout much of the United States. 

Concomitant with this habitat loss is the loss of salt marsh functions. These functions 

include the stabilization of shorelines, prevention of erosion, flood control, sediment 

trapping, nutrient cycling, and removal of toxic wastes in watersheds. In addition, salt 

marshes provide valuable habitat for estuarine animals including economically important 

fishery species. - 

Efforts to implement a "no net wetland loss" policy in the United States will 

require a continuation and expansion of programs to restore and create salt marshes in 

regions of deteriorating coastal wetlands. These restoration projects frequently involve 

transplanting marsh vegetation on graded-down uplands or on dredged material. Although 

many of these efforts have failed, the establishment of vegetative growth in this manner often 

has been successful, and marsh planting techniques have been developed for a variety of 

coastal conditions. 

Replacing or creating vegetative cover, however, is only the first step in 

creating a functional salt marsh. Habitat functions such as providing food, protection from 

predators, and reproductive sites for estuarine animals must also be replaced. The 

development of these habitat functions does not appear to parallel the growth of macrophytes, 

yet it is the growth of the plants that has been the usual measure of marsh creation success. 

This retarded functional development has raised serious questions about the relative value of 

created salt marshes. Few direct studies of animal growth, survival, or reproductive success 

have been conducted in created salt marshes. The abundance of animals in a salt marsh is 

generally used as an indicator of relative habitat value, although valuable habitats do not 

always support high densities of animals. Comparing animal abundance in natural and 

created salt marshes, however, is in itself a difficult problem, and the importance of 

collecting quantitative samples in assessing use of salt marshes by fishery and other aquatic 

organisms cannot be overemphasized. Sampling techniques often include the use of breeder 

traps, seines, trawls, or simple qualitative visual estimates. These techniques are generally 

not quantitative, and thus results based on their use must be weighed accordingly. 

Resource managers, habitat researchers, and coastal planners need assistance 

in developing marsh restoration projects. The literature documenting efforts in this area is 

scattered and not readily available, and a synthesis of these data should be valuable for 

determining the most appropriate restoration and creation techniques applicable to different 
iv Foreword 

coastal conditions. Of special interest is an analysis of the importance of regional differences 

in successful restoration techniques. In addition, an assessment of whether these projects 

have replaced salt marsh functions is of primary importance. I 

This annotated bibliography is intended to summarize the literature on created 

Spartina altemiflora salt marshes. Although papers that deal with planting techniques and 

the establishment of the vegetation itself are included in the collection, special emphasis is 

placed on publications that assess habitat value and investigate the replacement of natural salt 

marsh functions. Some papers that involve other species of Spartina such as S. foliosa have 

been included in the bibliography if the papers relate to functional values. We tried to 

include all studies involving nutrients, sediment organics, and infaunal populations and 

studies that examined utilization of created Spartina marshes by fishery species or other 

aquatic or terrestrial fauna. The annotations was written to assist the reader in determining 

whether a paper was pertinent for their needs; annotations were not designed to substitute for 

reading the papers themselves. In contrast to abstracts or summaries, the annotations include 

some interpretation on our part. This is especially true in relation to the use of created salt 

marshes by fishery or related aquatic organisms. In the annotations, we have adopted the 

practice of abbreviating elevation references using the capitalized first letter of each word, 

included are: MHW for mean high water, MHT for mean high tide, MSL for mean sea 

level, MLT for mean low tide, MLW for mean low water, MLLW for mean lower low 

water, MTL for mean tide level, and NGVD for national geodetic vertical datum. These 

abbreviations are defined in a glossary of terms in the Tide Tables 1994 High and Low 

Water Predictions, East Coast of North and South America Including Greenland ( 

DOCINOAAINOS, Washington, DC). 

This bibliography is not totally comprehensive, rather it contains a wide 

selection of papers that we thought were important in advancing the science of salt marsh 

restoration. Undoubtedly, we have missed some significant contributions to the literature. 

The reader may wish to consult annotated bibliographies by Wolf et al. (1986) and by the 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (see Miller et al. 1991); these bibliographies are much 

broader in scope and cover most studies involving created wetlands. 
Acknowledgments 

Creating this bibliography was greatly facilitated by the many scientists who 

kindly sent us reprints of their articles and reports of their projects, and who discussed the 

projects with us when possible. We are very grateful for their aid and interest. Four 

regional assistants helped obtain much of the gray literature reviewed here, and we thank 

them for their work: Chris L. Sardella (Northeast Coast), Andrew L. Bunch (South Atlantic 

Coast), Joseph L. Staton (Gulf of Mexico), and Russell E. DiFiori (West Coast). Thanks are 

also extended to Mark E. Patti110 who also reviewed articles and wrote their annotations. 

This work was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science 

Center, and by a Resource Information Delivery grant from NOAA Coastal Ocean Program. 
Table of Contents 

Section I .. Annotated Bibliography 

FOREWORD .......... 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... 

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........ 

AUTHOR INDEX ........ 63 

SUBJECT INDEX ....... 67 
Bibliography I 

Allen, H. "Biotechnical stabilization of dredged material shorelines." In: 

Beneficial Uses of Dred~ed Material, ed. M. C. Landin. 116-128. January 1988. 

Baltimore MD: US Army Corps of Engineers, 1988. 

This review covers the efforts of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's 

Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, Mississippi to develop biotechnical techniques 

for the stabilization of dredged material shorelines. Biotechnical stabilization combines the 

use of mechanical structures with biological elements (plants). Mechanical structures, 

including breakwaters and biodegradable mats, are useful in high energy (fetches over 9 km) 

environments for reducing erosion until plants such as Spartina alternzjlora can become 

established. 

Breakwaters are only necessary for 2-3 years until plants become established. 

The use of sand bags, floating tires, and tire-pole breakwaters is discussed. These techniques 

reduced shoreline energy under proper conditions. Other devices useful in the stabilization 

of plant stems include fibrous erosion control mats and burlap plant rolls. Techniques 

employing these devices are described and show promise in allowing the establishment of 

plants in high-energy areas. In general, the use of mats and plant rolls is more economical 

than breakwaters. 

Allen, H. He, E. J. Clairain, R. J. Diaz, A. W. Ford, L. F. Junt, and B. R. 

Wells. "Habitat development field investigations--Bolivar Peninsula Marsh and upland 

habitat development site, Galveston, Texas: summary report." 73. City: U.S. Amy 

Corps Eng. Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental Lab., 1978. -- This report described an experiment to establish salt marsh and upland 

vegetation on a 2-yr old dredged material deposition site of about 7.3 ha on the Galveston 

Bay side of Bolivar Peninsula, Texas. The report also described the construction of a 

sandbag dike to reduce wave impacts, and a fence to keep large mammals out, including 

goats, raccoons and people out. 

Most of the grading and sand moving on the site was accomplished with a 

small bulldozer and a rubber tire frontend loader. Intertidal planting were in 3 elevation 

tiers. Winter, spring and summer plantings, various fertilizers and application methods, 

several plant species, and planting techniques were tried. Monthly samplings recorded 

changes in plant height, density, # stems/plant, # of stressed plants, # of stable plants, % 

foliar cover, vegetative reproduction, # of plants with flowers, seed heads and new growth, 

and above and below-ground biomass. 
2 Bibliography 

Spartina alternzjlora grew best in 0.06-0.2 1 m above MSL. At this elevation, 

tidal inundation occurred 69-87% of the time from Feb.-Aug777. Spartina patens grew best 

at 0.37 m above MSL; inundation was less than 30% of the time. Sprigging was much more 

successful thanseeding, but seeding (more economical) was used successfully in the upper 

third of the intertidal zone, where inundation frequency was low but soil remained moist, and 

there was less washing out by even small waves. Fertilizers were not particularly effective. 

It was thought that the nutrient-rich fine sediments that became deposited in the marsh 

planting area promoted enough growth to mask the action of the fertilizers. 

Sampling for fish and aquatic animals was conducted before and after marsh 

construction. No major changes were detected in fish diversity or abundance after marsh 

planting, however, no adequate sampling devices were available for sampling the marsh grass 

at that time. Increases were noted in the polychaetes and oligochaetes in the benthos in the 

marsh area protected by the dike, After marsh construction, some increases in bird and 

mammal use of the area were noted. More marsh birds were noted once the cordgrasses 

developed. Also, more rats and mice were noted when sufficient leaf growth was established 

to provide covered habitat. Marsh rabbits ate the new growth, but did little damage. 

The overall results from this marsh establishment project were that a salt 

marsh could be created on dredged material, and that it could function like a natural marsh 

provided certain precautions were taken. Wave energy had to be greatly reduced to prevent 

erosion of plants, and new growth had to be protected from foraging mammals. 

Allen, H. H., S. 0. Shirley, and J. W. Webb, Jr. "Vegetative stabilization of 

dredged material in moderate to high wave-energy environments for created wetlands." 

In: Proceedings of the thirteenth annual conference on wetland restoration and 

creation. in Hillsborowh. FLY edited by F. J. Webb, Jr. Hillsborough, FL: 

Hillsborough Community College, 19-35, 1986. 

This paper reports the results of several attempts to stabilize shorelines using 

Spartina altemzjlora. High wave energy erodes shoreline vegetation, and special devices to 

reduce waves must be used before cordgrass can be established to reduce erosion. Two 

breakwater designs and four planting enhancement treatments were tested using four test 

locations. The breakwaters were a 3-tier floating tire fence and a fixed tire-pole design that 

was two tires high by two tires wide. The enhanced treatments were: (1) multiple stemmed 

clumps, (2) roots and lower stems of clumps were wrapped in a piece of burlap, (3) a "plant 

roll" was made by rolling a 3.7 x 0.9 m burlap cloth around sandy soil with six clumps of 

Spartina spaced in it at 0.5-m intervals, and (4) single stems of Spartina sprigged in a 

woven natural fiber mat which was then anchored to the substrate. Results showed a 

breakwater was needed if a transplant project was to be successful in areas of high wave 

energy. Clumps proved as effective as the other more expensive treatments behind the 

breakwaters. Plant rolls functioned to protect single stems planted to landward of the rolls in 

areas of only moderate wave energy. 

Allen, H. H. and J. W. Webb, Jr. "Influence of breakwaters on artificial salt 

marsh establishment on dredged material." In: Proceedin~s of the ninth annual 

conference on wetland restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FL., edited by F. J. Webb, 

Jr. Tampa, FL.: Hillsborough Community College, 18-35, 1982. 
Bibliography 3 

Cordgrass was transplanted to a site with high wave energy to stabilize a 

dredged material dike and to provide marsh habitat. The site was located on the northwest 

side of a recently deposited dredged material island situated in the center of Mobile Bay, 

Alabama. Wind fetches were 4.8 to 6.4 krn. An unprotected plan'ting of 1.5 ha with 

Spartina altemijlora single stems on 1.0-m centers was a complete failure. A second 

planting was made in the same area, this time behind two types of wavebreaks. Two months 

after planting there was a 55 % survival behind the floating-tire-breakwater, and a 24% 

survival behind a fixed-fence-breakwater. The fixed-fence-breakwater, however, was coming 

apart, and additional losses of transplants were expected due to washout. Use of a fertilizer 

during the planting did not appear to be of benefit. Spacing of transplants was also tested. 

Transplants set on 1.0-m centers yielded 34% survival versus 22% survival for those set on 

0.5-m centers. A reason for the difference in survival was not offered. 

In areas with significant wave energy, transplanting success will depend on a 

functional breakwater. The floating tire breakwater design appears to be successful though 

somewhat costly (about $126 per linear meter). This breakwater can be partially 

disassembled, moved to another location and reassembled to protect another transplanting, 

thus making it a little more cost-effective. 

Although the area receiving transplants on 1.0-m centers had slightly better 

survival, it did not have the coverage afforded by the area planted on 0.5-m centers. 

Coverage on the latter area was twice that of the 1.0-m centers. It depends on how fast one 

needs coverage as to which density of transplanting one should use. If you can wait three or 

four years for a stand to form, the 1.0-m center regimen would be less expensive and faster 

to plant. 

Allen, H. H. and J. W. Webb, Jr. "Bioengineering methods to establish salt 

marsh on dredged material." In: Coastal Zone '93 in New Orleans. LA, edited by S. 

hka and A. Puffer, New Orleans, LA: Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 118-132, 1993. 

This paper describes a test of low-cost wave stilling devices along with five 

transplanting treatments, all for use in establishing a fringe Spartina altemiflora marsh along 

a shoreline that is subject to moderate to high wave action (energy). The study was done on 

Bolivar Peninsula in the Galveston Bay area, Texas. Two breakwaters were used, one was 

a modified floating tire design (FTB) and the other was a fixed tire design. Transplanting 

treatments were: single stem, multi-stem clumps, multi-stem clumps wrapped in burlap, 

multi-stem clumps on 0.5-m intervals in a burlap roll with substrate between, and single 

stems planted through slits in an erosion control fiber mat that was anchored in the substrate. 

Only single stems were planted behind the breakwaters. Four test plots of each of the 

planting treatments were done outside the breakwaters. 

Planting occurred in July 1984. In a January 1985 census only about 8% of 

the plants in the plots outside the breakwaters were surviving, and most was in two of the 

erosion control mat plots. However, 2.5 years later, there was at least a 25% cover in 3 mat 

plots, 2 multi-stem plots, and 1 burlap wrapped multi-stem plot. Growth continued in these 

plots, but the shoreline receded, leaving them as small islands out from shore. The fixed tire 

breakwater failed after about a year, and the 50% cover that had become established 

disappeared after about four years. The FTB worked well, and the stand of Spartina 
4 Bibliography 

expanded well beyond the initial plot by the end of five years, despite an initial sediment 

build-up behind the FTB which buried many transplants. 

Athnos, D. L. "Compensatory mitigation in the Gulf coast states: Can we 

achieve "No net loss" of wetlands?" City: Inst. for Coastal and Estuarine Research, 

Univ. W. Florida, 1993. 

This report summarizes wetland laws and regulations for each of the Gulf 

coast states, assesses the success of these regulations in achieving no net loss of wetlands 

through a review of recent literature, and presents recommendations which would help attain 

a "no net loss" status. Federal and state laws and regulations governing wetlands along the 

Gulf of Mexico coast were succinctly and clearly presented. Because the nation and many 

states do not have comprehensive laws protecting wetlands, wetlands are tentatively protected 

under the Clean Water Act, Section 404, which is under the administration by the U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency. 

The author concluded the system appeared to be failing and wetlands were 

being lost. A major portion of the loss was due to activities that are exempt for the 404 

permitting process. But the process was not replacing the loss even when mitigation was 

available. The author offered 15 recommendations to assist in wetlands protection. 

Baca, B. J. and T. W. Kana. "Methodology for restoring impounded coastal 

wetlands." In: Proceedin~s of the thirteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration 

and creation. in Hillsborou~h, FL, edited by F. J. Webb, Jr., Hillsborough, FL: 

Hillsborough Community College, 36-44, 1986. 

This paper emphasizes the importance of water flows and tidal elevations at 

which various species of marsh plants are found, as the important factors to consider when 

restoring impounded intertidal areas. South Carolina has about 70,000 acres of coastal 

impoundments, and many of these could be reclaimed for tidal wetlands in the near future. 

Appropriate plants should be selected based on elevation and flushing patterns at a site. 

Banner, A. "Revegetation and maturation of restored shoreline in Indian River, 

Florida." In: Proceedings of the fourth annual conference on restoration of coastal 

ve~etation in Florida. in Tam~a. FL, edited by R. R. Lewis, III and D. Cole, Tampa, 

FL: Hillsborough Community College, 13-42, 1977. 

Restoration activities at a site just north of Vero Beach, Florida, are described. 

This was mitigation for destruction of natural waterfront and a slough. Spartina alternijlora 

(smooth cordgrass), Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), Laguncularia racemosa (white 

mangrove), and Avicennia germinam (black mangrove) were transplanted to the site the same 

day they were dug from nearby donor sites along the Indian River. The substrate at the site 

was a coarse yellow sand that was mined locally, transported and dumped on the site, and 

smoothed to a slope of 7.5%. A breakwater was built to prevent erosion by storm waves. 

Plugs, 15 cm in diameter containing 30 cm tall cordgrass plants were planted on 0.5-m 

centers. Mangrove seedlings 40-90 cm tall were used. Planting was done in May, 1976. 

Within two months after transplanting, about 75% of the red and black 

mangroves had lost their leaves. These plants never recovered. Mangrove plants continued 

to die through the remainder of the year. The four white mangrove seedlings that were 
Bibliography 

transplanted survived. On the other hand, Spartina transplants survived and grew, and by 

November many had set seed. In December, young Spartina seedlings were found on 

control (bare) areas and on areas where mangroves had been planted but had died. The 

seedlings were volunteers from the seed from nearby natural marshes. Although the 

combination planting of red mangroves with cordgrass did not help the red mangroves 

survive, the following year red mangrove propagules colonized the cordgrass stands. 

Halodule and Halophila developed lush beds just subtidal to the mitigation site 

but on the coarse yellow sand. These were not planned, but offered a chance to observe bed 

development. 

This simple experimental restoration project showed Spartina alternijlora was 

a valuable plant for stabilizing bare intertidal shoreline. Cordgrass grew rapidly and spread, 

forming stands that also assisted in the establishment of red mangroves by trapping and 

holding the propagules. Mangrove transplants were not as hardy nor as useful for shoreline 

stabilization. 

- 

Beeman, S. "Techniques for the creation and maintenance of intertidal 

saltmarsh wetlands for landscaping and shoreline protection." In: Proceedings of the 

tenth annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. in Tam~a, FL, edited by 

F. J. Webb, Jr. Tampa, FL: Hillsborough Community College, 33-43, 1983. 

This paper describes techniques for establishing and maintaining an intertidal 

salt marsh along the Atlantic coast of Florida, based on literature and 10 years of experience 

(make that 20 years today) in the field of marsh creation. Factors considered important 

included: soil composition, elevation and slope of the shoreline, size of the plants used, 

planting density, time of year of installation, and proper choice of plant species. 

Best results were achieved where a breakwater was constructed at the MLW 

seaward edge of the flattened slope, and a berm was constructed above the planting site to 

prevent erosion due to upland runoff. An intertidal marsh slope between 5" and 15" and a 

high marsh slope between 15" to 25" were recommended. Large plugs (rather than single 

sprigs) of Spartina alternzjZora were planted on 1-ft centers between MLW and MHW. 

Plugs of Spartina patens were planted above MHW, and plugs of Distichlis spicata and 

Sporobolg. virginicus were planted at even higher elevations. These elevations matched the 

zonation of natural marshes in the area. Planted areas filled in within 2-3 months, and were 

able to prevent erosion. Planting of mangroves was not necessary, because natural 

recruitment usually became established within three years. 

Maintenance action was recommended to prevent the natural 3-4 yr cycle of 

growth and die-back. Actions consisted of removing flotsom wrack (prolonged shading by 

wrack killed cordgrasses), creeping vines, and dead tops after seed set. 

Benner, C. S., P. L. Knutson, R. A. Brochu, and A. K. Hurme. "Vegetative 

erosion control in an oligohaline environment, Currituck Sound, North Carolina." 

Wetlands 2 (1982): 105-117. 

Nine species of coastal marsh plants were tested for their use in stabilizing a 

shoreline in an oligohaline bay in North Carolina. Plants were sprigged (0.9-m interval) 

along transects from the shore-berm out 30.5 m into the intertidal zone. Two side-by-side 
6 Bibliography 

transects of each species were planted in four adjacent, replicating plots on a block of bare 

beach. A similar and adjacent bare area was used as a control. 

Only four species survived (opha lahyolia, Phragmites australis, Juncus 

roemerianus, and Spartina alterniflora). Once they became fairly' established, they were 

joined by 20 volunteer species that increased the vegetative cover substantially. As plant 

cover increased, erosion of the area decreased. Additional plant cover led to accretion of 

sediments and expansion of the marsh. A balance between erosion and accretion was finally 

established, and a year's net gain or loss of sediments then varied as weather and water 

conditions varied. The bare control area only experienced erosion through the eight years of 

the study. 

Berger, J. J. ed. Ecological Restoration in the San Francisco Bav Area. 

Berkeley, CA: Restoring the Earth, 1990. 

This is an excellent compendium of restoration projects of all types of habitats 

in the counties bordering San Francisco Bay. Plus, it contains a directory (Appendix A) of 

people, companies, and organizations (including governmental) that are involved in 

restoration activities and regulations. 

Habitats covered include forests, grasslands, coastal dunes and prairies, mined 

lands, creeks, lakes, and marshes. Other restorations focused on wildlife such as fish, 

butterflies, birds, and mammals, and some focused on native plants. Each restoration project 

was summarized as to location, beginning date, current status, site characteristics, purpose of 

the project, procedures used, results to date (1990), monitoring activities, future plans, 

support, budget, contact people, and volunteer needs. 

Appendix E explains how to create a restoration directory including a database 

of projects. This is a useful guide that can be used for many different types of directories. 

Bernstein, P. G. and R. L. Zepp, Jr. "Evaluation of selected wetland creation 

projects authorized through the Corps of Engineers Section 404 program." 80. City: 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, PedtsILicenses Branch, Annapolis, MD, 1990. 

The goal of this study was to evaluate the success of mitigation for lost 

wetlands. Each of 66 randomly chosen mitigation projects located in the Baltimore, Norfolk, 

and Philadelphia Districts of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were reviewed, visited and 

evaluated. A short written report was included for each. 

Four projects of the 66 permitted had not been done (no mitigation required), 

44 of the 62 remaining were deemed failures according to the permit specifications, 9 were 

deemed successes, and 9 were still under construction. Among the failures were partial 

success--projects where wetlands were established but were inadequate to fulfill the permit 

requirements. 

The authors concluded the permitting system was losing wetlands under its 

current system of operation. It needed modification if it was to preserve our wetlands. One 

recurring problem was the lack of thorough planning. Rarely was an approved design for the 

mitigated wetland (to be created or restored) submitted at the time of the permit request. 

Recommended improvements for the system were: (1) Standardize permitting requirements 

for all projects requiring compensation. (2) Implement a tracking system for all permits 

requiring mitigation. (3) Require a greater than 1:l replacement ratio for some critical 
Bibliography 7 

types of wetland habitat. (4) Require routine follow-up investigations including comparisons 

of pre-construction and post-creation data. (5) Enforce permit requirements with 

prosecution. 1 

Blair, C. "Successful tidal wetland mitigation in Norfolk, VA." In: Coastal 

Wetlands., ed. H. S. Bolton. 463-476. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 

1991. 

In 1984, a 2.8 ha man-made Spartina alternzjlora marsh (Monkey Bottom 

marsh) was created on a scrape-down area connected to Willoughby Bay in Norfolk, VA. 

This mitigation area had four lateral ditches that drained into one main canal that connected 

with the bay via a culvert. Planting of S. altemzjlora was done on 2-ft centers and at 

elevations that ranged above and below the expected marsh establishment zone. 

The mitigation marsh was evaluated as to its sediments, vegetation, 

invertebrates, fish and birds four years after its construction. A comparison of Monkey 

Bottom marsh with two local natural S. alternzjlora marshes found no significant differences 

in density, cover and standing crop of S. altemzjlora among the three. Fish and crabs were 

found in abundance, though not quantitatively compared. Mugil and Callinectes accounted 

for 55% and 20% of the catch by numbers, respectively, at Monkey Bottom. Brevoortia 

Fundulus and Menidia were the dominants at the natural marsh, where mullet were seen but 

not captured. Hard, soft and razor clams were the three main benthic organisms at Monkey 

Bottom, but polychaetes were also common. The control marsh had many fiddler crabs and 

nematodes. Bird utilization was similar for the marshes, with the exception of more 

suburban species frequenting the control marsh which was surrounded by a long-established 

residential neighborhood. The overall conclusion was that the mitigation marsh was a 

success, and was functioning as a typical estuarine marsh. 

Bolton, H. S., ed. Coastal Wetlands. Coastlines of the World. New York: 

American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991. 

This is a collection of papers presented at Coastal Zone '91 held in Long 

Beach, CA. Topics run from political and legal considerations of coastal wetlands to 

environmental design and monitoring considerations. 

Bontje, M. P. "The application of science and engineering to restore a salt 

marsh." In: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration and 

creation. in Tam~a. FLY edited by F. J. Webb, Jr. Tampa, FL: Hillsborough 

Community College, 1623, 1988. 

~here~ort compares the use of a 63-acre man-made S'rtim altemijlora 

marsh by birds, mammals and fish, to that of a 113-acre neighboring, Phragmites communis 

(common reed) marsh. The report also briefly describes the creation of the Spartim marsh. 

The cordgrass marsh was established by clearing the common reed by spraying 

with glyphosate, excavating and grading the area by digging wide, gently sloping, canals. 

Excavated material was piled into raised berms for shrubs and trees. Once the surface was 

at the proper slope and elevation (0.15-0.45 ft below mean high water), Spartina alternzjlora 

was seeded into the area. The canals were connected with Mills Creek of the Hackensack 

River. Within a few growing seasons the cordgrass was well established. 
8 Bibliography 

Birds, mammals, fish and water were sampled for 11 months. Monthly bird 

counts were made by walking or boating through the entire site for 1-hr. Mammals were 

trapped with bait for 24-hr each month. Tracks and burrows were also recorded. Fish were 

collected bimonthly by pulling a 3-m seine once for 15 m. I 

Based on this sampling regime, results showed twice the diversity and seven 

times the abundance of birds were using the Spartina marsh as were using the larger 

Phragmites marsh. Muskrat burrows were twice as dense in the Spartina marsh as in the 

Phragmites marsh. Fundulus heteroclitus was the common fish in both areas. Fish diversity 

was low, reportedly due to poor water quality in the adjacent rivers and creeks where 

diversity was also low. Benthos was three times as plentiful and twice as diverse in the 

Spartina marsh as in the Phragmites marsh. Water quality was nearly identical for the two 

marshes. 

The goal to improve wildlife habitat in the area was achieved by removing the 

common reed and establishing a cordgrass marsh. The cordgrass marsh apparently 

developed quite quickly in the area which had minimal wave stress, proper elevation, and a 

good inundation-drainage design. 

Bontje, M. P. "A successful salt marsh restoration in the New Jersey meadowlands." In: Proceedinps of the ei~hteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration 

and creation. in Tam~a. FL, edited by F. J. Webb, Jr. Tampa, FL: Hillsborough 

Community College, 5-16, 1991. 

This article provided a detailed account of a salt marsh restorationlcreation 

project in Lyndhurst, NJ. An old dredged material deposition site had become overgrown 

with Phragmites australis. Wetland creation required killing the reed, decreasing the 

elevation of the site to match marsh levels, improving drainage across the site, and planting 

and establishment of Spartina altemijlora. 

Innovative techniques were described that solved unforeseen problems that 

developed during the project. Rodeo was used to kill the Phragmites, via two aerial 

sprayings and one hand spraying of recruits. Earth moving was done by backhoes and dump 

trucks, saving money which would have been spent on specialized equipment. 

This was a 14 acre site, in which about 9 acres of salt marsh, 2 acres of tidal 

channels, and 3 acres of upland berm were established. The salt marsh was established on a 

1 % slope that drained about 80% at low tide; only a few inches of water remained in the 

channels. At high tide only the dike and a central ridge were not submerged. Spartina 

altemifora was planted as peat pots (3-4 stemslpot) on 3-ft centers. Fertilizer was added to 

the holes before the peat pots were inserted. No significant mortality occurred, and plant 

growth was good. 

No scientific studies were done to test for use of the marsh by aquatic or land 

animals, but increased use of the area by birds was noted. 

Boyd, M. J. "Salt marsh faunas: colonization and monitoring." In: Wetland 

restoration and enhancement in California. in Havward. CA, ed. M. Josselyn, 

Hayward, CA: University of California Sea Grant College Program, 110, 1982. 

This paper presents an overview of the marsh fauna found in California coastal 

marshes, and presents the needs for monitoring changes in the fauna at a restoration site. 
Bibliography 9 

Several species of invertebrates and vertebrates are listed. Detecting significant differences 

in population densities of various species was expected to require extensive sampling--well 

beyond what would be logistically or financially possible given curtent constraints. But some 

such assessment is needed if a restoration project is to be judged successful or not. A 

suggestion, by a participant in the discussion, was made to possibly use an indicator species. 

Broome, S. W. "Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the southeastern 

United States." In: Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science. Part 

1. Regional Review,, eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 37-72. Washington, D.C.: 

Island Press, Inc., 1989. 

This chapter includes descriptions and brief discussions of many facets of tidal 

salt marsh restorations and creations beginning with marsh functions, then project plans, and 

finally an evaluation of the success of a project. Smooth cordgrass, Spartina alternijlora, is 

one of the most important plants used in salt marsh restorations, particularly in the intertidal 

zone along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U.S. The functions of these marshes are 

many, but the major ones eliciting restoration activities are shoreline erosion control, 

sediment stabilization, and fisheries and wildlife habitat development or replacement. 

Careful planning is required for success in such projects. Attention must be paid to elevation 

at the site, water circulation into and through the area, protection from erosive wave action, 

and adverse actions by pests, herbivores and man's activities in and around the site. Timing 

of the planting, health of the transplants, and fertility of the soil are also important factors. 

Monitoring is important for documenting the success of a technique. A photographic record 

can be valuable. Future research is needed on site selection, design and preparation, on 

plant propagation and culturing techniques, and on documentation of marsh development. 

Information and advice are offered on most of these subjects, and are based on the author's 

many years of first hand experience and reading. 

Broome, S. W., S. M. Rogers, Jr., and E. D. Seneca. "Shoreline erosion control 

using marsh vegetation and low-cost structures. " (1992). 

. This report describes the use of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alternijlora, marsh 

to control shoreline erosion. Suitable sites had a substantial tidal range and a regular diurnal 

tidal rhythm, and a gentle slope in the intertidal area. They were in estuaries where salinity 

ranged between 5 and 35 %O , wave action was light or reducible at least while plants are 

becoming established. Planting in the spring to obtain a full growing cycle the first year was 

recommended, as was the use of a time-released fertilizer. Selection of other plant species 

was recommended for elevations above the normal tidal zone. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "Establishing 

brackish marshes on graded upland sites in North Carolina." Wetlands 2 (1982): 152- 

178. 

The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the most suitable marsh 

plant species to use in a marsh creation project; 2) each specie's elevation requirement; 3) 

the effectiveness of several fertilizers; and 4) which methods were most effective when more 

than one process was possible. The study was done at a Texasgulf Chemical Co. phosphate 
10 Bibliography 

mining site adjacent to Bond Creek, a tributary of the Pamlico River estuary near Aurora, 

NC. The site was a series of borrow pits that were graded to suitable elevation (matching a 

local natural marsh) and slope, and connected to Bond Creek. Diurnal tidal flows were 

minimal, wind being a dominant force of water height change. ' 

A great variety of plantings and tests were done over three years. Because of 

the lack of tidal fluctuation in water levels, plant species were limited to narrow elevation 

bands. Spartina altemzyora ranged from 0.06 to 0.43 m above mean sea level (MSL). S. 

patens, and S. cynosuroides were limited to 0.18 to 0.43 m above MSL. For transplanting, 

greenhouse grown seedlings of S. patens and S. cynosuroides grew better than field dug 

plants, but no such difference was found for S. altemijlora. Survival was 80-100% when 

plants were planted at the proper elevations. Direct seeding was only partially successful; 

irregular water levels during germination and seedling growth were damaging. 

Some fertilizers were of benefit, some were not, and some were detrimental. 

The application of fertilizer directly to the planting hole caused root bum. Residual fertilizer 

benefits could be found even into the second growing season. When all-was working well, it 

took 2-3 yr for the planted marshes to equal the above-ground production of the natural 

marshes. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "The effects of 

source, rate and placement of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on growth of 

Spartina alternflom transplants in North Carolina." Estuaries 6 (1983): 212-226. 

This study evaluated the effects of fertilizer rate, type of fertilizer material, 

and application methods on growth and survival of Spartina altemzjlora transplants. Changes 

in erosion rates of planted and unplanted shoreline were also noted. The test plots were 

along the Neuse River near Oriental, NC. Soil tests of the area showed no organic matter in 

the compacted sandy clay loam, a pH of 5.17, and low nutrient concentrations. Tidal 

fluctuation was wind dominated, and salinity varied from 5 to 23 !%o . A previously 

attempted planting of S. altemijlora in the area showed fertilization was necessary for 

survival and growth, and that surface applications of fertilizers were ineffective. Subsurface 

application of fertilizers was tested in a randomized complete blocks design. Osmocote (3-4 

month release), Mag Amp (medium texture), ammonium sulfate, urea, urea-formaldehyde, 

diammonium phosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and rock phosphate were used. 

Results showed the Osmocote fertilized plants survived significantly better than the others, 

and grew fastest. Plants with Mag Amp were slower to get started, but were doing well 

after 11 weeks. Test results also showed that both N and P were needed for satisfactory 

growth, and that K was not needed (probably enough was being supplied in the estuarine 

water). Phosphorous applied at a rate of 49 kglha produced maximum growth when 

adequate N was supplied. The maximum rate of N applied was 224 kglha, and growth 

continued to improve to this maximum. The most efficient and economical method of 

fertilizing was the time-released form of NI&-N combined with concentrated superphosphate, 

both applied underground but not necessarily in the planting hole. Some carry over of 

fertilizers was noted during the second year of growth. A top-dressing of N and P 

fertilizers after a stand has become established was said to be beneficial. Roots have 

developed which can take up the nutrients before they are washed away. With the 
Bibliography 11 

establishment of the plants, sediment accumulated along the landward margin of the stand. 

This build-up stimulated additional plant growth. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "Long-term growth 

and development of transplants of the salt-marsh grass Spartinu alterniflom." Estuaries 

9 (1986): 63-74. 

This paper reports about the effect of transplant spacing on growth and 

development of a Spartinu altemiflora marsh, following the marsh development for 10 years, 

and comparing it with a nearby natural marsh. The test site was a Pine Knoll Shores, NC, 

on the barrier island of Bogue Banks. Spartina altemzpora plants of field (dug 11 krn away) 

and greenhouse origins were planted on 45-, 60-, and 90-cm centers in three 15x12-m plots 

that were set in a randomized blocks design. Above-ground vegetative characteristics were 

measured from several 0.25 m2 quadrats taken each October. Below-ground biomass was 

usually sampled by taking cores. 

Results showed that 45- and 60-cm treatments were better for establishing a 

marsh in a marginal environment. Transplant survival rates at the end of the first growing 

season were 72%, 69 % and 49 % for the 45-, 60- and 90-cm treatments, respectively. 

Above-ground vegetation among the treatments was indistinguishable after two growing 

seasons, except that two of the 90-cm blocks had eroded away by the second year's 

monitoring. By the end of the fifth year, the planted marsh was as densely vegetated (above 

600 stems/m2) as the natural control marsh that was 200 m to the west. Below-ground 

biomass increased fastest in the 45-cm treatment. It reached an equilibrium around 2 kg/m2 

by the end of the third year, and was matching the natural marsh. 

The failure of the two 90-cm spacing blocks reaffirms the need to plan a 

marsh planting based on the harshness of the environment. A thicker planting will be more 

effective in breaking the erosive action of waves, but of course, the cost will be higher as 

many more plants will be required. 

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "Tidal salt marsh 

restoration." Aauatic Botany 32 (1988): 1-22. 

This article summarized the techniques to restore Spartinu alternijlora salt 

marshes in the Southeastern U.S. Results showed that the site must be at the proper 

elevation--between MSL and MHW, and have a gentle slope--less than lo%, preferably less 

than 5 %. Although salt marshes occurred in a variety of substrates, a sandy substrate was 

easiest for restoration planting; fertilizer was usually needed as sandy substrates were often 

nutrient poor. 

Vegetation was usually restored by transplanting sprigs or plugs, or by 

seeding. Young plants were commonly available from nearby, healthy, natural donor 

marshes, or from nursery stocks. Labor costs ran about 100 man-hours per hectare for 

manual planting of sprigs on 1-m centers, and half of that for mechanical planting. Timing 

of planting was important, and was best scheduled for early in the growing season (AprilJune). Restoration of an oil-contaminated marsh should not proceed for at least six months 

even if the oil was removed. 

Because salt marshes are very valuable habitats that serve many functions, the 

authors recommended that policies to protect marshes and restore damaged ones should be 
12 Bibliography 

strengthened. Restoration work should be guaranteed, and replanting should be required 

when deficiencies are detected during monitoring. Each project should be monitored for 3-5 

years to determine its success. Documentation should be made of successes and failures, 

with reasons for failure being documented and discussed so future projects would not repeat 

mistakes. 

Broome, S. W., W. W. Woodhouse, Jr., and E. D. Seneca. "The relationship of 

mineral nutrients to growth of Spartinu altern@lom in North Carolina. 11. The effects of 

N, P, and Fe fertilizers." Soil Science Societv American Proceedin~s 39 (1975): 301-307. 

Little is known about the effect of mineral nutrition on Spartina alternzjlora. 

This study was initiated to evaluate the influence of N, P, and Fe on primary productivity by 

applying these nutrients to plots in natural marshes and on S. alterniJlora seeded and 

transplanted on dredged material. In a marsh growing on a sandy substrate, additions of N 

alone increased yields of aboveground shoots significantly, and when P was also added, the 

yield increased about threefold. In a marsh growing on finer textured sediments, N fertilizer 

doubled the yield of short S. alternzjlora, but there was no response to P. There was no 

growth response to applications of Fe to support previous speculation that iron nutrition 

might be a particularly important factor causing the chlorotic appearance of short Spartina 

and reducing its productivity. The results indicate that primary productivity of some S. 

altemzjlora marshes is limited by the availability of N. When N is added, lack of P may 

become the factor limiting growth, particularly when the substrate is coarse in texture, 

indicating the importance of sediment as a factor in P supply to S. altemiflora. Lack of N is 

apparently one of a combination of factors which is responsible for producing the short form 

of S. alternzjlora. The fact that N and P are the limiting factors in growth of S. alterniflora 

in some salt marshes has several ecological implications. Marshes may be acting as buffers 

for estuarine systems by providing sinks for excess nutrients from such sources as sewage 

and land runoff. The excess nutrients would produce increased growth of S. altemzjlora thus 

providing and increased supply of food energy and nutrients to the detritus food chain of the 

estuary rather than altering energy pathways. The ability of salt marshes to utilize excess N 

and P may be important in managing estuarine systems. Nutrient-rich waste effluent dumped 

in marshes would have less impact on estuaries than that dumped in open estuarine waters. 

Fertilization may be beneficial in propagating S. alternzjlora on dredged 

material since establishing a full vegetative cover rapidly is important. Applications of N 

and P fertilizers enhanced growth of seedlings and transplants, but the response of S. 

alternijlora to fertilizer will depend on the inherent fertility of the substrate material. 

Callaway, J. C. and M. N. Josselyn. "The introduction and spread of smooth 

cordgrass (Spattinu alterniflom) in south San Francisco Bay." Estuaries 15 (1992): 218- 

226. 

Spartina alternijZora was first introduced into south San Francisco Bay in the 

1970's. Since that time it has spread to new areas within the south bay and is especially well 

established at four sites. The spread of this introduced species was evaluated by comparing 

its vegetative and reproductive characteristics to the native cordgrass, Spartina foliosa . The 

characters studied were intertidal distribution, phenology, aboveground and below-ground 

biomass, growth rates, seed production, and germination rates. Spartina alterniflora has a 
Bibliography 13 

wider intertidal distribution and was more productive than the native cordgrass in all aspects 

studied. These results indicate that the introduced species becomes established more readily 

in new areas than the native species, and once established, S. altemzjlora spreads more 

rapidly vegetatively than S. foliosa, thus out-competing it. S. alternzjlora is likely to 

continue to spread to new areas in the bay and displace the native species. This introduced 

species may also affect sedimentation dynamics, available detritus, benthic algal production, 

wrack deposition and disturbance, habitat structure for native wetland animals, benthic 

invertebrate populations, and shorebird and wading bird foraging areas due to its different 

physical and ecological characteristics. The evaluation of the extent of these impacts, 

however, can only be made after S. alternijlora has become widely established and very 

difficult to eradicate. 

Cammen, L. M. "Accumulation rate and turnover time of organic carbon in a 

salt marsh sediment." Limnolo~v and Oceano~ra~hy 20(1975): 1012-1015. 

Organic carbon in the sediments was measured near Drum Inlet, North 

Carolina in a natural Spartina alterniflora salt marsh and on both unvegetated dredged 

material and dredged material planted with S. alternzjlora. The planted marsh was about 1 

year old at the time of sampling. Grain size analyses indicated that sediment texture was 

sandy and similar among the three sites. Above-ground Spartina biomass in the planted 

marsh was comparable to the natural marsh, but below-ground biomass in the planted marsh 

was between 19% (unfertilized) and 43% (fertilized) of the natural marsh. The annual 

accumulation rates of organic carbon (g/m2) in the upper 13 cm of sediment were 80.3 in the 

bare sediment, 87.0 in the planted marsh, and 96.8 in the planted and fertilized marsh. 

Organic carbon in the natural marsh sediment was 362.7 g/@. The data suggest that the 

dredged sediments would be comparable to the natural marsh sediment within 3-5 years, and 

that the presence of Spartina alternzjlora did not appreciably increase the rate of organic 

matter accumulation. Bare sediment had accumulated almost as much organic carbon as 

planted dredged material, and the increases were attributed to detrital matter carried by tides 

and to benthic algae. 

Cammen, L. M. "Abundance and production of macroinvertebrates from natural 

and artificially established salt marshes in North Carolina." American Midland 

Naturalist 96 (1976): 487-493. 

Abundances of macro-infauna taken in core samples were studied from natural, 

man-made Spartina alternzjlora marshes, and adjacent bare areas at two locations, one near 

Drum Inlet and one near Snow's Cut, North Carolina. At each location, a permanent set of 

sites were established along transects. The planted area transect ran from the upper extent of 

the cordgrass down the elevation gradient to the middle of the tidal creek at Drum Inlet, and 

to just above MLW at Snow's Cut. Transects through the bare areas ran parallel to the 

transect through the planted area. A similar transect crossed each natural marsh. Replicate 

samples, 1 m apart, were taken at each site with a piston corer that covered a surface area of 

70.9 cm2 and reached a depth of 13 cm. 

Macro-infauna differed with the location. At Drum Inlet, insect larvae 

(Dolichopodidae) dominated the fauna in the bare and planted areas, while polychaetes 

(Heteromasnrsfiliformis and Capitella capitata) dominated the natural marsh. At Snow's 
Bibliography 

Cut, polychaetes (LQeonereis culveri, H. jT1~ormis and C. capitata) dominated the fauna in 

the bare area, while amphipods (Lepidactylus dytiscus and Gammam palustis) and 

Dolichopodidae larvae dominated the fauna in the planted area. pe natural marsh macroinfauna at Snow's Cut was dominated by polychaetes (L. culveri and Nereis succinea), an 

isopod (Cyathura polita), and a bivalve mollusk (Arcuatula (= Modiolus) demissa). 

Annual macrofaunal production (excluding Uca spp.) was estimated to be 

equal to the maximum standing stock of the insect population, and twice the average standing 

stock of the rest of the macro-infauna. Production values (g dry wt./m'/yr) at Drum Inlet were 

1.4 for the bare area, 1.2 for the transplanted area, 7.7 for the natural marsh, and 23-34 in the 

adjacent tidal creek bottom. At Snow's Cut production values were 13.8 (bare), 0.5 

(transplanted), 5.7 (natural marsh), and 8-17 (tidal creek). 

The low faunal diversity at the sites was partly attributed to infrequent 

sampling. It is also possible that the habitat was not developed enough at that time to 

support other less opportunistic species. Winter sampling was not conducted, and would 

have been useful for improving accuracy of annual production estimates. 

Cammen, L. M. "Macroinvertebrate colonization of Spartina marshes artificially 

established on dredge spoil." Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 4 (1976): 357-372. 

This study investigated population dynamics of macro-infauna taken in core 

samples from natural and man-made Spartina alternzjlora marshes, and adjacent bare areas. 

Two location were studied, one near Drum Inlet and one near Snow's Cut, North Carolina. 

At each location, replicate core samples were taken at permanent sites that were established 

along transects that crossed the elevational plane from subtidal to the landward margin of the 

marsh. 

Particle size analysis showed that the dredged material at the Drum Inlet was 

very similar to the natural marsh sediment. The dredged material at the bare and planted 

areas near Snow's Cut were similar to that at Drum Inlet, but differed from the natural 

marsh nearby. The natural marsh at Snow's Cut had much higher coarse-sand and silt-clay 

fractions. 

The above-ground and below-ground biomass of Spartina differed for planted 

and natural marshes. The above-ground biomass values in g/m2 were 709 (planted) and 1056 

(natural) at Drum Inlet, and 984 (planted) and 637 (natural) at Snow's Cut. At each 

location, the planted marshes had only half the below-ground biomass that the natural 

marshes had, 605 and 2371 (planted) and 3169 and 4966 (natural) and the respective 

locations. 

Macro-infauna differed between locations and among areas at the same 

location. At Drum Inlet, the macrofauna in the bare and planted areas had similar biomass, 

species composition, and numbers of taxa per sample. The bare area had higher densities of 

organisms during three of the five samplings. The natural marsh had a higher density, 

biomass, and diversity for two of the three dates when all three areas were sampled. At 

Snow's Cut, the macrofauna in the bare area consistently had greater biomass and density per 

date sampled. The natural marsh was only sampled once at Snow's Cut. The macro-infauna 

in the natural marsh had a greater density and diversity than the dredged material sites, but it 

had a biomass slightly less than that of the bare area and slightly greater than that of the 

planted area. Neither sediment characteristics nor the presence of Spartim were deemed 
Bibliography 15 

sufficient causes for these differences found in the fauna. Elevation levels, however, were 

different and were likely the cause of the infaunal differences. 

Sufficient support for separating causes of differences in macro-infauna and in 

establishing statistically significant differences would have required I an increase in sampling. 

Although the abundances of Uca spp. were not included, their presence could have impacted 

infauna abundances. 

Cammen, L. M. "The macro-infauna of a North Carolina salt marsh." American 

Midland Naturalist 102 (1979): 244-253. 

The community dynamics of the macro-infauna of a healthy Spartina 

altemijlora marsh near Beaufort, NC, were studied for one year. Monthly sampling 

involved taking at least 6 cores randomly in the marsh. These were processed through a 0.8 

x 0.6-mm mesh sieve; the animals, macro-detritus and roots were caught and preserved in 

formalin. Greatest abundance was found during the late winter and early spring. Lowest 

abundance was during the summer and early autumn. Numbers of individuals ranged from 

2200 to 15500 /m2. There were 32 taxa identified in the samples, but only four dominated 

the community. These were: Nereis succinea, Streblospio benedicti, Capitellidae and 

Oligochaeta. They were present in over 93% of the cores. They accounted for 96% of the 

number of individuals caught, and averaged 85% of the monthly biomass. The low summer 

biomass was thought to be due to predation by juvenile fish and to mortality due to spring 

spawning. These taxa were also among the dominants in several other marshes in NC. The 

high numbers of infauna suggest that most of the marsh surface sediment and detritus is eaten 

and processed each year. 

Chabreck, R. H. "Creation, restoration, and enhancement of marshes of 

the northcentral Gulf coast." In: Wetland creation and restoration: The status of the 

science.,, eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. 

Kentula. 127-144. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989. 

Coastal marshes of the northcentral coast of the Gulf of Mexico encompass an 

estimated 1.2 million hectares. This is about half of all coastal marshes in the U.S., 

excluding Alaska. These coastal marshes are being threatened by subsidence, sea level rise, 

and erosion by wind generated waves. Efforts to protect and enhance the marshes in the 

northcentral Gulf involve usc; of dredged material and river water with its sediment. Weirs, 

dikes, and levees are also used around freshwater and brackish water marshes to protect them 

from saltwater intrusion. Information is given about things to consider when attempting to 

create or restore coastal marshes. Location, topography, hydrology, type of substrate, 

salinity, and wind and wave climates are all important factors to be considered in the 

planning process. Monitoring of a project is suggested to be a two level process. The first 

level is just a qualitative look to see if the project is developing as planned. The second 

level is a quantitative investigation of the project to assess the level of success attained. 

Research is needed for developing marshes using diverted Mississippi River 

water. Opening channels in the banks of the larger delta channel of the river could allow 

mini-delta formation which could be planted or allowed to vegetate naturally. Dredged 

material use in marsh enhancement needs to be researched. Thin-layer deposition of dredged 
16 Bibliography 

material may improve marshes that are deteriorating because of subsidence, but methods for 

this need to be developed. 

Cobb, R. A. "Mitigation evaluation study for the south' Texas coast, 1975-1986." 

City: Corpus Christi State University and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1987. 

This report presents an evaluation of the level of acceptance, implementation, 

and success of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's recommendations made to preserve fish 

and wildlife habitat, or to mitigate its loss along the south Texas coast. For 59 permitted 

waterfront projects, the USFWS recommendations were unconditionally accepted in 78 % , rejected in 5 % , and modified in 16 % ; 1 % were unresolved. However, most of the accepted 

recommendations were those to avoid impact to wetlands or to assure adequate water quality 

within excavated canals. Projects requiring habitat compensation had more modifications, 

and they had more non-compliance by the permittee. Non-compliance with permit conditions 

was found at 31 % of the sites inspected--78% of this was unfulfilled mitigation requirements 

and 22% was additional work performed beyond that permitted. - 

In the proposed mitigation work involving marsh restoration or creation there 

was substantial variation in describing the substrate elevations where Spartina altemi~7ora 

was to be planted. Rarely were details of the planting (stems/m2, as-planted maps, etc.) 

provided in a report. Monitoring was never done by the permittee, and only once by the 

Texas General Land Office and Corps of Engineers. Completion reports were rarely filed. 

Only one performance bond was required. Of the 15 projects investigated, 6 were deemed 

failures, 4 were partial successes, and 5 were fully successful according to the permit 

requirements. 

Many of the usual reasons for failure of transplanted marshes were found 

among these failed projects including: (1) no soil conditioning, (2) incorrect elevation, (3) 

excessive slope, (4) excessive wave action and inadequate protection, (5) bad weather, (6) 

poor drainage and excessive salinity, (7) human disturbance, and (8) improper site 

preparation. In a few cases where failure was due to insufficient plant cover within the 

specified time (two years), the marshes have since developed sufficiently to be rated 

successful. 

Although almost 90% of the recommendations proposed by the USFWS were 

incorporated in the permits, the overall final results after implementation yielded a net loss of 

wetlands--only 50% were recovered through mitigation. The report offers 21 

recommendations to enhance the chances of successful marsh restoration. And 21 more are 

given for seagrass restoration projects. 

Courtney, F. X., S. A. Peck, and M. 0. Hall. "Post-harvest recovery of a donor 

Spartina altern~m marsh." In: Proceedinm of the eighteenth annual conference on 

wetlands restoration and creation. in Tam~a, FL, edited by F. J. Webb, Jr., Tampa, 

FL: Hillsborough Community College, 23-31, 1991. 

A previously transplanted salt marsh at Spoil Island 2-D in Hillsborough Bay, 

Tampa Bay, FL, was used as a donor site for 300 m2 of Spartina alternijlora. The harvest 

was made from 112 m or 1 m wide transects that were oriented either parallel or 

perpendicular to the shoreline. The cordgrass was hand pulled from the substrate. One half 

of the 24 harvest transects were fertilized shortly after harvest. After 17 months, mean culm 
Bibliography 17 

densities in donor transects were similar to those of the undisturbed marsh. Fertilizer made 

shoots more robust, but not more numerous. Limited harvest of planting material appears to 

cause only temporary damage to the vegetation of the donor marsh. No studies were done to 

assess changes in marsh utilization by aquatic fauna. I 

Covin, J. D. and J. B. Zedler. "Nitrogen effects on Spaltina foliosa and 

Salicorniu virginica in the salt marsh at Tijuana Estuary, California." Wetlands 8 

(1988): 51-66. 

Nitrogen effects were examined by experimentally enriching plots of pure 

Spartina foliosa and mixed Spartina-Salicomia virginica at Tijuana Estuary, California. 

Even with large inputs of organic nitrogen from sewage spills during the experimental 

period, plants responded to experimental urea enrichment. In pure plots, the addition of 

nitrogen increased Spartim growth (as measured by total stem length and August biomass) 

and foliar nitrogen (TKN) concentration. However, this effect is eliminated if increased 

foliar nitrogen stimulates insect predation resulting in heavy plant mortality. In mixed plots, 

enrichment had no apparent effect on Spam'm but increased the growth of Salicomia. The 

lack of an enrichment effect on Spammna may be due to underground rhizomes and roots of 

Salicomia continuing to take up nitrogen through connections with plants outside the removal 

plots. The experimental removal of Salicomia from mixed stands increased Spartina 

production, but removal of Spartina did not affect Salicomia. Thus, there was a strong 

competitive effect. In mixed stands, urea additions are detrimental to Spartina because 

Salicomia has a greater response capacity. Salicomia is a superior competitor for nitrogen 

and checks the growth of Spartina in enriched and unenriched conditions. These experiments 

show that nitrogen, through its complex effects on growth and competition, is an important 

cause of spatial and temporal variability seen in long term observations of Spartina. 

Craft, C. B., S. W. Broome, and E. D. Seneca. "Nitrogen, phosphorus and 

organic carbon pools in natural and transplanted marsh soils." Estuaries 11 (1988): 272- 

280. 

The objectives of this study were to compare the nutrient and organic pools of 

transplanted and natural coastal saline marshes. Marsh sediments were studied in five 

created and nearby natural marshes in diverse locations in North Carolina. A couple of the 

marshes compared differed in their vegetation. The created marshes ranged in age from 1 to 

15 years. Sediments were sampled using an 8.5 cm diameter corer. Ten to 20 cores, 30 cm 

deep, were taken randomly from each marsh. Macro organic matter (MOM) was separated 

from the sediments by sieving on a 2-mm mesh sieve. MOM and soil nutrient reservoirs 

were smaller in transplanted marshes than in the nearby natural marshes. About 12% and 

20% of the net primary production of emergent vegetation was buried in sediments of the 

regularly flooded and irregularly flooded transplanted marshes, respectively. MOM pools 

developed rapidly in transplanted marshes, and were expected to match the pools in natural 

marshes in 15-30 years. Soil nutrient pools in transplanted marshes, however, developed 

slowly and were expected to take much longer to match those of natural marshes. 
18 Bibliography 

Craft, C. B., E. D. Seneca, and S. W. Broome. "Porewater Chemistry of 

Natural and Created Marsh Soils." Journal of Ex~erimental Marine Biolo~v and 

Ecologv 152 (1991): 187-200. 

Physical and chemical properties of soils and poredaters were compared from 

a natural marsh and a man-made marsh that was created from graded down upland. 

Porewaters were sampled monthly for a year from established wells set in the marshes. 

Water level, temperature, salinity, DO, pH, Eh, Fe, Mn, organic C, N, P, NH.,, NO,, and 

PO4 concentrations were monitored in the pore water. 

The created marsh soil had about 1 % organic matter compared with about 

50% for the natural marsh. DO, Eh, Fe, Mn and NO,-N concentrations were significantly 

higher in the created marsh pore waters, but the dissolved organic C and N, NH.,-N, PO4-P, 

and pH concentrations were lower. Even five years after creation of a saline estuarine 

marsh, the soil characteristics remained typical of the upland soil from which it was made. 

This study suggests that we should not expect mitigated wetlands created on 

upland soils to gain characteristics of a natural marsh within even a decade. The authors 

recommended avoiding damage to natural wetlands because wetland soils are not readily 

replaced. 

Crewz, D. W. and R. R. Lewis, III. "An evaluation of historical attempts to 

establish emergent vegetation in marine wetlands in Florida." 113 pp. Florida Sea 

Grant, Univ. of Florida,, 1991. 

The authors' objectives were: (1) to compile a database of past marine 

wetland projects, (2) to then survey the sites for elevation and plant cover based on a random 

selection of sites from the database, and (3) to provide guidelines based on the observations 

made at the sites. These guidelines should help increase the success rate of marine wetland 

creation projects where emergent vegetation is planted. Objectives 1 and 2 were dismissed 

due to lack of available information and lack of access. 

For objective 3, 33 sites were visited where salt marsh or mangroves had been 

planted. The sites were chosen based on accessibility (physical and legal), accuracy of site 

location information, species planted, and geographic location. All sites were visited in 1986. 

Twenty sites had been planted with Spartha alternflora along with other species. Plant 

densities were measured along transects that extended from the seaward edge to the upland 

edge of the marsh or mangrove area. Transects were spread about 25 m apart. 

Results of the survey showed that marsh establishment was at least partially 

successful in 65 % of the cases. Planted Spanim alternflora survived from +0.2 - +0.6 m 

NGVD. Older natural marshes nearby ranged down to -0.1 m NGVD. Marsh failures were 

attributed to: (1) poor design and planning, (2) poor planting technique, (3) poor monitoring 

and remedial action, and (4) insufficient regulatory review. Critical factors found for 

establishing a salt marsh were: elevation, slope, drainage, substrate, plant selection, 

installation techniques, fetch, wave climate, marine connection, and elimination of pests from 

the site (including humans). Monitoring the development of a planted marsh was 

recommended because problems could be quickly identified and corrected. 

The authors commented that despite advances in planting techniques, continued 

poor planning and planting led to failures of mitigated marshes. It was highly recommended 

that degradation of natural marshes should be avoided whenever possible. It was also 
Bibliography 19 

recommended that a strong monitoring program should be part of any wetland restoration or 

creation project. 

Earhart, H. G. and E. W. Garbisch, Jr. "Habitat develdpment utilizing dredged 

material at Barren Island, Dorchester County, Maryland." Wetlands 3 (1983): 108-119. 

The objectives of this project were to stabilize a low island created by 

deposition of dredged material by planting Spartina alternijlora and to create a habitat for 

fish and wildlife. The project was done in the fall of 1981, in Chesapeake Bay just off the 

northeastern tip of Barren Island, Dorchester County, Maryland. About 135 $3 1 m3 of finegrained sediments were hydraulically deposited in a single unconfined location. The 

discharge pipe remained at a site until the water depth reached 1.8 m above MLW, then the 

outlet was moved to an adjacent lower portion of the site. The dredge material was allowed 

to consolidate for about five months (Nov. - April) before Spartina alternijlora was seeded 

over 8.4 ha at a rate of 96 seeds/m2. The seeded area was fertilized a month later. Peat pots 

of Spartina patens were planted on a 0.6-m grid over about 2 ha at elevations above the S. 

alternzjlora. During the winter about 460 m3 of oyster shell was placed in the center of the site to 

create nesting habitat for the least tern. 

After eight months of growth, the shell island was nearly surrounded by 4.5 ha 

of flowering Spartina alternijlora at elevations ranging from 0.2 - 0.5 m above MLW, and 

1.6 ha of Spartina patens at 0.4 - 0.7 m above MLW. A 4.1-ha pond, a 1.9-ha stretch of 

bare non-vegetated flatland, and a 0.1-ha area of oyster shell (tern nesting habitat) were also 

created. 

This project required careful planning and diligence by the project team to 

keep the project on target. Constant monitoring by the project team was needed to keep the 

dredged material directed to the correct place. The project succeeded in creating Spartina 

alternzjlora and S. patens marsh, plus some non-vegetated tern nesting habitat, but it did not 

create as much as was planned. When the project was completed, 69% of the designed 

marsh had become established. This paper provided a good comparison of project 

construction theory and construction reality, and it showed that even with a well planned 

design, circumstances during the construction phase can control the final success or failure of 

a project. 

Earhart, H. G. and E. W. Garbisch, Jr. "Beneficial uses of dredged materials at 

Barren Island, Dorchester County, Maryland." In: Proceedings of the thirteenth 

annual &, nfer nc on wet1 nds r edited by 

F. J. Webb, Jr., Hillsborough, FL: Hillsborough Community College, 75-85, 1986. 

Spartina altemijlora stems and clumps have been planted in dredged material 

to stabilize the material and establish salt marsh, but planting of large areas with sprigs of 

cordgrass can be very expensive. This paper describes a successful creation of 1.6 ha of S. 

altemiflora marsh using seeds. Judicious placement of the dredged material to specified 

elevations was required. This entailed constant monitoring of the additions of dredged 

material to the area. Spartina alternifora marsh was made by broadcasting seed from an 

all-terrain-vehicle (ATV) during low tide over 5.3 ha. Broadcasting was followed by 

cultivating the substrate and seed by dragging a spiked metal mesh over it at low tide using 

the ATV. The site was fertilized four times during the summer. Seeding and fertilization 
20 Bibliography 

costs were only about one fifth those of single stem transplanting. Ruppia maritimu 

voluntarily invaded the shallow waters between dredged material islands, establishing about 

2.8 ha of Ruppia maritimu beds. Natural beds were nearby. I 

Eleuterius, L. N. and J. I. Gill. "Long-term observations on seagrass beds and 

salt marsh established from transplants." In: Proceedinm of the ei~hth annual 

conference on wetlands restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FL., edited by R. H. 

Stovall, Tampa, FL.: Hiborough Community College, 74-86, 1981. 

This paper reviews seagrass and saltmarsh transplant projects that were 

initiated five to ten years earlier in Mississippi. The projects involved transplanting a wide 

variety of seagrass and salt marsh species. In seagrass projects, Halodule beaudettei, 

Thalmsia testudinum and Cymodocea manatonun were transplanted. Only about 30% of the 

transplants survived at the end of one year, but 80% of these survivors had begun spreading. 

Halodule beaudettei survived best, and spread rapidly. As the beds grew, they constantly 

changed shape. At these particular test sites the seagrass beds spread only westward, leaving 

their original planting sites empty as the eastern shoots died. This migration occurred within 

only a few growing seasons and was attributed to the predominant westward current in the 

area. 

In salt marsh studies, growth and spread of transplanted Panicum repens, 

Spartina altemzjlora, Juncus roemerianus, Spartina cynosuroides, Spartina patens, Distichlis 

spicata, and Phragmites communis were measured over various periods up to 10 years. 

Propagation trials showed that preliminary rooting of these marsh plants in peat pots was 

unnecessary. Individual shoots successfully grew into stands in 60 and 80% of the marshes 

transplanted from November to February. In random plot tests Panicum repens, Spartina 

altemzjlora, Spartina patens, and Distichlis spicata formed closed stands within a year. 

Spartina cynosuroides and Phragmites communis survived but did not spread during the 

three years of the tests, apparently because they were out competed by other plants. Juncus 

roemerianus was a slow grower and spreader, but it continued to spread even when crowded 

by other species. Juncus formed closed stands in five years when planted on 1.2-m centers. 

Stands of each species were found to move due to competition with each other and to the 

local changes in environmental conditions. After about seven years the mosaic pattern of the 

natural saltmarshes in the area was attained at the test site. 

In another study of transplanted Spartina altemifora, all transplants in the 

lower elevations died due to wave action and sediment erosion. The transplants in the upper 

zone survived and flourished. Observations of the stand eight years later found Spartina 

altemifora had invaded the lower zone and was now growing well, even at the lowest 

elevation that had originally been planted. This spread extended 15 m down the intertidal 

slope in about eight years. From this observation, a transplanting principle was formed: 

plant the upper portion of the intertidal zone and allow the cordgrass to invade the lower 

portion on its own. 

Espey Huston & Associates Inc. "Monitoring of transplanted Spartina alterniflom 

on an unconfined dredged material disposal site, Chocolate Bay, Texas." Espey, Huston 

and Associates, Inc. DACW64-87-D-0002, 1988. 
Bibliography 21 

A Spa~ina alternifora marsh was planted on 8.09 ha of unconfined dredged 

material in Chocolate Bay of the Galveston Bay System, Texas. Sprigs were obtained from a 

nearby marsh (control marsh) in Halls Lake, and planted on 1-m centers in June 1983. 

Sampling to monitor marsh development was performed March - August and 

October 1984, April, June and October 1985, April, July and October 1986, and October 

1987. Percent cover, stem density and height, and above-ground biomass were measured at 

8 sites along each of 3 elevational transects through each marsh. 

By 1986, the planted marsh had increased to an average of 79% cover and 382 

stems/m2 that averaged 29 cm in height. The control marsh had fallen to an average of 64% 

cover and 297 stems/m2 that averaged 22 cm high. In October 1987, average cover was 

down slightly at 66% and 44% for the planted and control marshes respectively. Total 

number of stems averaged 436 and 348 stems/m2, 37 and 34 cm high, respectively. 

Surveys made for wildlife found periwinkles, fiddler crabs, oysters, and birds 

to be common in both marshes. Observations on marsh use, however, were very limited. 

Espey Huston & Associates Inc. "Monitoring of transplanted Spartina alterniflora 

on an unconfined dredged material disposal site, Pelican Spit, Galveston Bay, Texas." 

Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc. DACW64-89-D-0003, 1990. 

This report describes the results of a salt marsh creation. In April, 1987, 

about 2.6 ha of shoreline were planted with Spartina altemifora on 1-m centers on recently 

deposited unconsolidated dredged material at Pelican Spit in Galveston Bay, Texas. Planting 

was done between +0.5 and +0.9 m MLW. Planted and nearby donor (control) marshes 

were monitored in Nov. 1987, Nov. 1988 and Oct. 1989 for vegetative growth and general 

marsh development. 

The planted marsh increased to 91, 258 and 210 stems/m2 compared with the 

405, 145 and 150 stems/m2 in the control marsh in 1987, 1988 and 1989, respectively. 

Marsh periwinkles (Litton'na irrorata) were the only typical marsh invertebrates observed at 

the planted marsh, while fiddler crabs, blue crabs and periwinkles were found at the control 

marsh. Sampling for invertebrates was only qualitative. 

Faber, P., A. Shepherd, and P. Williams. ccMonitoring a tidal restoration site in 

San F'rancisco Bay- the Muzzi Marsh." In: Urban wetlands: ~roceedings of the national 

wetland syn~osium. in Oakland. CA, eds. J. A. Kusler, S. Daly, and G. Brooks, 

Oakland, CA: Assoc. State Wetland Managers, 331-335, 1988. 

Observations on tidal channel formation, sedimentation, and revegetation are 

reported for the Muzzi Marsh at Corte Madera, Marin County, California. A 53-ha portion 

of the marsh was opened to tidal flows in 1976 by breaching the seaward dikes. 

Revegetation was slow, and was thought to be due to a lack of tidal flows to the landward 

portion of the marsh. In 1981 additional channels were dug to increase tidal flows to the 

interior and peripheral areas. Revegetation rates increased, and a substantial coverage of the 

flats by Salicomia virginica and of the channel banks by Spartina foliosa developed. Seed 

source was a nearby natural marsh. 
Bibliography 

Faber, P. M. "The Mwi marsh, Corte Madera, California: long-term 

observations of a restored marsh in San Francisco Bay." In: Coastal Wetlands., ed. H. 

S. Bolton. 424-438. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991. 

This article reports on observations made of drainage channel formation, 

sedimentation, and revegetation of the 53-ha portion of the Muzzi Marsh at Cork Madera, 

California, on San Francisco Bay. The Muzzi Marsh was a 81 ha natural coastal marsh that 

was diked in 1959. Subsequently, the marsh dried out, killing all the marsh vegetation. In 

1976, 28 ha were further diked to retain dredged material, but another 53 ha were opened 

for tidal circulation by breaching the dikes in two areas. Periodic observations and studies 

showed the development and spread of drainage channels across the flat plain. The 

deposition of sediments was greatest just outside these channels. Salicornia virginica and 

Spartina foliosa became established fairly rapidly from the water born seeds that were 

generated by the plants growing on the bayside of the dikes and in the 27-ha natural marsh 

just to the north of the Muzzi marsh. There was constant competition between Salicornia 

virginica and Spartina foliosa along the MHW elevation. The competition was influenced by 

yearly rainfall. In wetter years Spanina foliosa became established at slightly higher 

elevations, but in drier years Salicornia virginica invaded lower elevations. 

Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. "Report on the effectiveness of 

permitted mitigation." Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. 1991. 

As of 1984, any alteration of a wetland area in Florida required a permit from 

the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER). Between January 1, 1985 and 

December 6, 1990, FDER issued 1,262 permits involving a loss of 3,305 acres and a 

preservation of 7,587 acres of natural wetlands. The permits also required creation of 3,345 

acres and enhancement of 7,301 acres of wetlands. An evaluation was made of the success 

rate of the mitigation process. 

A sample of the permits was drawn which included about 10% from each 

wetland category. Each project was examined for compliance with permit specifications, and 

for ecological success. Compliance was poor. Only 6% of 63 examined projects were in 

full compliance, and 34% of the mitigation projects had not even been attempted. Ecological 

success among the projects being constructed was projected to be about 27%. Success rates 

were lower 02%) for freshwater projects than for coastal marsh projects (45%). 

As FDER concluded, the permitting policy needed revising if the wetlands 

were to be preserved, or "no net loss" were to be achieved. Permits that were granted 

needed to be monitored and enforced. Such changes would do much to safeguard wetlands. 

Fowler, B. K., G. R. Hardaway, G. R. Thomas, C. L. Hill, J. E. F'rye, and N. 

A. Ibison. "Vegetative growth patterns in planted marshes of the vegetative erosion 

control project." In: Proceedin~s of the twelfth annual conference on wetlands 

restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FL, edited by F. J. Webb, Jr. Tampa, Fk 

Hillsborough Community College, 110-120, 1985. 

This paper reports some of the results of the Vegetative Erosion Control 

Project, a study of 24 marsh plantings in the Chesapeake Bay system in Virginia. Sites were 

chosen to maximize diversity of conditions, mainly fetch and direction faced. Seven sites 

were classified as having low wave energy (average fetch exposure < 1.8 krn), 10 sites were 
Bibliography 23 

classified as having medium wave energy (average fetch exposure from 1.8 to 9.2 km), and 

seven sites were classified as having high wave energy (average fetch exposure > 9.2 km). 

Spartina alternijlora was planted on 0.5-m centers from MHW to just below MSL. Spartina 

patens was planted above S. alternijlora at a few sites. About 30 ml of Osmocote fertilizer 

having a 14-5.2-11.6 slow release formula, was placed in each hole just before each culm 

was planted. Osmocote was scattered over the marsh surfaces one or twice each summer to 

encourage vigorous growth of vegetation. 

Growth comparisons through time and with natural marshes nearby showed 

that marshes on low energy shorelines were more productive than those on high energy 

shorelines. S. alternijlora was more productive in the higher intertidal zone than the lower 

intertidal zone, particularly when marshes were getting started. Stem densities were slightly 

greater in marshes that faced south, i.e. the sunniest side and the leeward side (strongest 

winds usually came from the northeast). 

Several recommendations were given to improve chances of successful 

establishment of fringe marshes. 1) A breakwater should be used to protect a planting if the 

fetch is greater than 6 km. 2) The fringe marsh should be made as wide as possible from 

MSL to MHW. 3) S. patens should be used on bare beach areas above the S. alternijlora 

zone. 4) Maintenance planting for a new marsh should be done early in each growing 

season. 5) Newly developing marshes should be fertilized twice each summer using a slow 

release type fertilizer like Osmocote. 

Frenkel, R. E. and L. M. Kunze. "Introduction and spread of three Spartinu 

species in the Pacific Northwest." In: Annual meet in^ of the Association of American 

Geoma~hers in Washindon, DC, Washington, DC: Assoc. Amer. Geographers 1984. 

This paper describes the introduction and spread of Spartina alternijlora, S. 

patens, and S. anglica in the Washington and Oregon estuaries. The potential spread of 

Spartina and the consequent loss of intertidal mudflats are also discussed. Spartina 

alternijlora appears to have been accidentally introduced into Willapa Bay prior to 1911, 

perhaps associated with some facet of the oyster industry that was established there in 1904. 

S. altemijlora was purposefully transplanted to enhance duck habitat in Thorndyke Bay, 

Gibson Spit, Kala Point, and Padilla Bay, Washington. These colonies are well established, 

but are spreading slowly. 

Spartina patens appears to have been introduced at Cox Island, Oregon, 

probably in the early 1920's. First records were of a small patch at that time, but present 

records show it has expanded exponentially to cover about 3000 m2. S. patens has since 

spread to the Dosewallips River in Washington. 

Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard, was planted on the eastern shore of Port 

Susan Bay near Stanwood, Washington. It has since spread to Livingston Bay, Iverson Spit, 

Triangle Cove, and Skagit Bay. S. anglica (sometimes call S. townsendi) is a fertile cross 

between S. alternijlora and S. maritima and is a vigorously spreading cordgrass. These three 

species are potential threats to native salt and brackish marsh plants in the Northwest, and to 

the bare mud and sand flats in the estuaries that are used by migratory birds. 
24 Bibliography 

Gallagher, J. L. "Salt marsh soil development." In: Rehabilitation and creation 

of selected coastal habitats: D~oc~€!~~~Ps of a workshoe. eds. J. C. Lewis and E. W. 

Bunce, U.S. Fish Wildl. Sew., 28-34, 1980. 

This article reviews soil attributes that need be considered for successful 

planting of a salt marsh. The physical and chemical compositions'of the soil are described in 

relation to five characteristics: stability, acidity, moisture, salinity and nutrients, with notes 

on interactions. 

Stability is greater in sandy soils than in silt and clay oozes, but the latter can 

sometimes be improved by de-watering. Increasing stability increases the chance of plants 

staying in place and becoming established. Acidity was noted as a potential problem. 

Acidity is often caused by oxidation of the iron sulfides in dredged material when the 

material is pumped out and mixed with air and water. This is one reason for letting fresh 

dredged material sit and "age" for several months before planting; the acidity has a chance to 

be neutralized. Moisture content influences oxygenation of the soil. Soil, that was always 

saturated, became anaerobic. Plants capable of existing under anaerobic conditions (Spartinu 

altemzjlora being one) will grow in zones according to the lowest level of oxygen they can 

tolerate. Soil salinity influences plant establishment and zonation. Tidal inundation, salinity 

of the estuarine water, elevation, drainage, evapotranspiration and rainfall, all influence soil 

salinity. Nutrients are frequently limiting for plant growth in new marshes. Coarse sandy 

soils hold less nutrients than finer textured substrates, and fertilizers are often required to 

promote healthy plant growth when starting a marsh. 

Gallagher, J. L., G. F. Somers, D. M. Grant, and D. M. Seliskar. "Persistent 

differences in two forms of Spartina alterniflorn: A common garden experiment." 

Ecology 69(4) (1988): 1005-1008. 

This paper provides a good review of the controversy around whether tall and 

short forms of Spartim altemzjlora are genetically distinct, or whether these phenotypic 

differences are caused by environmental factors. Both tall and short form plants were 

transplanted from a Delaware salt marsh into common backyard garden plots also in 

Delaware. The plots were irrigated three times each week during the growing season with 

water (15-30 % ) from a tidal creek. Initially the tall form was 30% to 100% taller than 

the short form. Differences between the height of the two forms persisted even after 9 years 

in the gardens. In addition, other morphological differences such as stem density, root-toshoot ratios, and culm diameter varied between the two forms in a manner comparable to 

the differences in natural stands. Differences in productivity and underground reserves were 

also observed. The authors concluded that the phenotypic differences between tall and short 

form S. altemzjlora are at least partially due to genetic differences between the forms. The 

possibility was also discussed that the forms are genetically similar, but certain genetic 

characters are turned on by environmental factors at the seedling stage, and that these 

differences persist despite long-term exposure to different environmental conditions. 

Garbisch, E. W., Jr., P. B. Woller, and R. J. McCallum. "Salt marsh 

establishment and development." Fort Belvoir, VA.: U.S. Army Corps Eng., Coastal 

Eng. Research Center, Tech. Memo. 52, 114, 1975. 
Bibliography 25 

This study tested survival and growth of peat-potted Spartina alternzjlora, S. 

patens, S. cynosuroides, Distichlis spicata, and Ammophila breviligulata seedlings that had 

been raised in a greenhouse. Seedlings were planted at inter-tidal and supra-tidal elevations. 

Grow-out sites were on natural beaches, sand and mud flats, and on dredged material 

beaches. Elevations, fertilizer applications, and planting dates were also investigated for 

influence on plant survival. Additional objectives were to determine shoreline stabilization 

potentials and sediment trapping potentials of the plants, and to determine the rate of 

macrobenthos colonization of the dredged material sites. 

Seeds were harvested from natural stands near Assateague Island, VA during 

October, and grown out in sand filled peat pots the next spring. Spartina alternzjlora was 

planted on 0.9-m centers; the others were planted on 0.6-m centers. All were in 10-cm 

diameter peat pots containing about five seedlings each. Plantings were made at four sites 

within a 40 km radius of St. Michaels, Maryland. All sites had gentle slopes of 1-6 degrees. 

Macrobenthos was sampled along four elevation contours at sites A, B, and #4. Elevations 

were +43 cm MLW (= MHW), +21 cm MLW (= MTL), MLW, and -15 cm MLW (= 

subtidal). Ten cores were taken at 0.5-m intervals along each elevation contour at each site. 

Cores were taken to a 15-cm depth using a corer with either a 21-cm2 or a 46-cm2 crosssectional area. Organisms were separated from the substrate by washing the samples on 4.0, 

1.0 and 0.5 mm sieves. 

Results showed Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata, and Ammophila 

breviligulata all survived well at supratidal sites. Spartina cynosuroides, planted at MTL 

was completely killed within two years, most likely due to too much inundation. Spartina 

alternijlora suffered 60-90% mortality in areas from MHW to below MTL due to strong 

wave action. Those seedlings planted above MHW suffered about 10-40% mortality. 

Fertilizer applications to smooth cordgrass in moderate wave energy sandy areas increased 

net production135-860%. Net production of smooth cordgrass in the unfertilized dredged 

material area was similar to that in the fertilized sandy areas. 

Macrobenthos invaded the dredged material area rapidly. After only three 

months, intertidal macrobenthos at the transplant site was as dense as that in the nearby 

natural marsh. There were four dominant taxa which accounted for about 90% of the 

intertidal macrobenthos by number: Laeonereis culveri, Macoma balthica, Tubulanus 

pellucidus, and Tubificid oligochaetes. Densities of macrobenthos tended to increase with 

time of inundation, i.e. from MHW to subtidal regions. 

The use of peat pot plants in transplanting was recommended. This technique 

extends the planting season, reduces impacts on natural donor marshes, and allows transplant 

preparation. An important factor in transplant preparation is the acclimation of plants to site 

specific salinities prior to transplanting. 

Hardaway, C. S., G. R. Thomas, B. K. Fowler, C. L. Hill, J. E. Frye, and N. 

A. Ibison. "Results of the vegetative erosion control project in the Virginia Chesapeake 

Bay system." In: Proceedinm of the twelfth annual conference on wetlands restoration 

and creation. in Tarn~a. FL, ed. F. J. Webb, Jr. Tampa, Fk Hillsborough Community 

College, 144158,1985. 

This paper reports some of the results of the Vegetative Erosion Control 

Project conducted by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. This was a study of 24 
Bibliography 

marsh plantings in the Chesapeake Bay system in Virginia. Sites were chosen to maximize 

diversity of conditions, mainly fetch and direction faced by the marsh. Spartina alterniflora 

was planted on 0.5-m centers from MHW to just below MSL. Spartina patens was planted 

above S. alternijlora at several sites. Osmocote fertilizer, a slow 'time-release type, was 

used; 30 ml was placed in the hole when each culm was planted. Osmocote was also 

broadcast into the marsh later when plants had started growing. 

Results showed a fringe of marsh grass could be established with little or no 

maintenance on low energy shorelines, areas where the fetch was less than 1.8 km. Where 

wave energy was moderate (1.8-6.3 krn fetch), the upper margin of the fringe marsh should 

be protected by establishing S. patens to trap sand and sediments, and preserve the back area 

from winter storm erosion. Areas with average fetches of 6.3-10 km need to be protected by 

a wave stilling device (breakwater). Fringe marshes should not be considered for beaches 

with average fetches greater than 10 krn unless the beach is protected by a headland or spit. 

Also, maintenance planting of wash-out and die-back areas of the marshes should be required 

and anticipated. - 

Hartman, R. D., R. N. Reubsamen, P. M. Jones, and J. L. Koellen. "The 

National Marine Fisheries Service habitat conservation efforts in Louisiana, 1980 

through 1990." Mar. Fish. Rev, 54 (1993): 11-20. 

This article reviews the NMFS efforts to conserve habitat for fisheries and 

associated organisms in Louisiana from 1980 through 1990. During these years, NMFS 

reviewed 14,259 public notices to dredge, fill, or impound wetlands in Louisiana. The 

Habitat Conservation Division (HCD) of NMFS provided recommendations to the Corps of 

Engineers on 962 permit projects which would impact 240,000 ha of tidal influenced 

wetlands. Avoidance was recommended for about 113,000 ha, and mitigation was 

recommended for 63,5000 ha. Revisions or denials were recommended by HCD on only 

12% of all proposed actions. The remaining permit applications were considered to have 

only minor impacts on marine fisheries. On a permit basis, 43% of HCD recommendations 

were accepted by the Corps, 34% were partially accepted, and 23 % were rejected. Most of 

the permits involved oil and gas activities, followed by shoreline modifications, and then 

pipeline activities. A breakdown of permits and areas involved was given by drainage 

basins. 

There is a need for greater awareness of coastal wetland loss through the 

Corp's Section 101404 permitting program. An accurate continuing account of permitted 

wetland alterations and mitigation measures is needed to guide future decisions that will help 

preserve this important habitat. 

Hoffman, W. E. and J. A. Rodgers. "A costhenefit analysis of two large coastal 

plantings in Tampa Bay, Florida." In: Proceedinm of the seventh annual conference on 

wetlands restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FLY ed. D. P. Cole, Tampa, FL: 

Hillsborough Community College, 265-278, 1980. 

This study compared costs of establishing a Spartina alterniflora marsh to 

those of establishing a mangrove stand. On the dredged material extension of Sunken Island 

in Hillsborough Bay of the Tampa Bay system, Florida, a 1.64 ha area was planted with 

smooth cordgrass using 12-cm diameter plugs planted in rows on 1.0-m centers with the 
Bibliography 27 

rows being 2 m apart. This effort required 995 man-hourslha, and a total cost of about 

$4,565/ha. About 93% survival was obtained, and after 14 months the plants had spread 

enough to almost hide the original planting layout. The mangrove planting was on a 0.52 ha 

plot on another dredged material island called CDA-D, also in Hillsborough Bay. Here 

Avicennia germinam (63%) and Laguncularia racemsa (37%) were planted on 2-m centers. 

Transplants were 30-190 cm tall. Survival was about 73% after 13 months. This planting 

required about 2541 man-hourslha, and a total cost of about $11,459/ha. Labor costs were 

about 70% of the total cost of each planting, but did not include planning and supervision. 

An interesting point made in this study was that the Spartinu donor marsh had 

fully recovered within 12 months. Plants had been removed from the donor marsh at about 1 

plug/m2. Another feature that was unusual was the clipping of the cordgrass to leave only 10 

cm above the substrate once the stems had been transplanted. Clipping was done to reduce 

transpiration and possible shock due to root damage. Impacts on mangrove donor stands can 

be longer lasting, but no particular mention was made of this study's donor stand. 

Josselyn, M. J., ed. Wetland restoration and enhancement in California. La 

Jolla, CA: California Sea Grant College Program, 1982. 

This report includes eight presentations presented at a California wetlands 

restoration workshop held in February 1982 at the California State University, Hayward, 

CA. Seven of the presentations were followed by panel and audience discussions through 

which concerns about restoration gains and losses were voiced. Presentations reviewed past, 

current and future wetland restoration actions and potentials including development of 

regional wetland restoration goals and legal (and institutional) constraints. Design strategy, 

engineering features of circulation, sedimentation and water quality, techniques for restoring 

vegetation and for monitoring were also presented and discussed. Poster session abstracts 

and an ample bibliography were also valuable inclusions. 

Many of the problems and concerns voiced at this workshop are still valid 

though a decade has passed. It appears there will always be confrontation between ecological 

action to preserve a clean environment and the lure of economic riches possible through 

residential and municipal development of wetlands. 

Josselyn, M. N., J. B. Zedler, and T. Griswold. "Wetland mitigation along the 

Pacific coast of the United States." In: Wetland creation and restoration: The status of 

the Science. Part 1. Regional review., eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 1-36. 

Washington, DC: Island Press, 1989. 

This article reviews west coast wetland types, reviews considerations that aid 

in making restorations successful, and reviews the kinds of projects that have been done. 

Some critical features of restoration plans are described, including: site history, topography, 

water control structures, hydrology, flood events, sediment budget, edaphic characteristics, 

existing wetland characteristics (vegetation and wildlife), and adjacent site features and 

conditions. Two levels of monitoring are recommended: (1) the enforcement monitoring to 

make certain implementation is following permit requirements, and (2) environmental 

monitoring to see if the design was correct and the functions are being realized. Several 

restoration projects are profiled including successes and significant findings. 
28 Bibliography 

Kentula, M. E., R. P. Brooks, S. E. Gwin, C. C. Holland, A. D. Sherman, and 

J. C. Sifneos. An A~~roach to Im~rovin~ Decision Making in Wetland Restoration and 

Creation. Cornallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental 

Research Laboratory, 1992. I 

The objective of this book is to provide a guide that assists people in 

conserving, restoring, and creating wetlands successfully. The book presents a technique for 

analyzing an area of the country to determine types and amounts of existing wetlands, and 

the types of wetlands needed. An approach for their successful restoration or creation of 

wetlands is recommended along with variables to be monitored to determine the least harmful 

environmental impacts and best chances for project success. 

Restoration projects should include: (1) precise objectives, (2) detailed plans 

including scheduled actions, (3) detailed maps or diagrams of the site, and (4) a checklist of 

variables to be monitored. Variables that should be monitored relate to morphometry, 

hydrology, substrate, vegetation, fauna, and sometimes water quality. 

The authors also recommended the establishment of a permanent database that 

contains the important information for evaluating the success of each project. Data suggested 

to be entered regarding each project included: permitting agency, permit number, date of 

permit, type of mitigation, location of the mitigation site (state, county, city and address), 

date construction began, date construction was completed, map showing the as-built 

conditions, name of the contractor/builder, name of the contracting company, and specific 

objectives of the project. Entries should be included for mid-course evaluation of the 

construction and for corrections made based on the evaluation. Entries should also be 

included that describe conditions found during a final evaluation after planting was 

completed. Additional data to add would be expected to come from monitoring reports that 

evaluate the development of the plant and animal communities in the wetland at various 

intervals (six months to a year) after planting was completed. 

Kiraly, S. J., F. A. Cross, and J. D. Buffington. The federal effort to evaluate 

coastal wetland mitipation: A re~ort by the National Ocean Pollution Policv board's 

habitat loss and modification work in^ grouD. NOAA Technical Memorandum 

CS/NOPPO 91-2.10 p. plus Appendices., 1991. . -- This report summarizes results of a workshop on wetland mitigation, held at 

San Diego State University in January 1991. Federal efforts to evaluate coastal wetland 

mitigation were assessed including analyses of functional values in created wetlands and 

follow-up studies for federally-permitted mitigation projects. Conclusions were that federal 

efforts in these areas should be improved. Additional research should be conducted on 

understanding how coastal wetland ecosystems function. A system should also be established 

for evaluating the success (including functional success) of permitted mitigation projects. 

Knutson, P. L., R. A. Brochu, W. N. Seelig, and M. Inskeep. "Wave damping 

in Spartina alterniflom marshes." Wetlands 2 (1982): 87-104. 

Field experiments were conducted to test a model of wave damping and to 

determine how well a marsh can dampen waves. The model has been used to explain how a 

marsh damps waves and reduces waves' erosional forces. Two Spartina altemijlora marshes 

in Chesapeake Bay in Virginia were chosen as test sites: Wescoat Cove north shore marsh 
Bibliography 29 

(the oldest known man-made cordgrass marsh, planted in 1928 by Mr. Wescoat) and Kings 

Creek north shore marsh. The marsh vegetation was characterized by clipping 0.25 m2 areas 

of vegetation out of the marsh where each sensor was to be placed. Stem density, length and 

thickness ranged from about 180-350 stems/mz, 20-30 cm (stem length was about half the 

plant's total height), and 5-6 mm in diameter, respectively. In each marsh, wave sensors 

were placed along a transect. Sensors were placed at the seaward edge and 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 

30 m in towards shore. The research vessel, Virginia Dare, generated waves for the tests; 

waves ranged in height from 0.06-0.30 m. Controls were run on an adjacent non-vegetated 

beach. 

Analyses indicated the model worked well, only requiring minor changes in 

the coefficients to adjust for the plants. Results also showed the marshes significantly 

reduced wave height and erosional energy. Wave height was reduced by about 50% within 

the first 5 m of marsh, and by about 95% after crossing 30 m of marsh. Wave energy was 

reduced in these cases by 65 % and nearly 100 % , respectively. 

In theory, marshes are most effective at damping waves when waves were less 

than plant height (the condition during the tests) but would not be during storm tides. Under 

storm conditions, when water levels rise and waves frequently exceed plant height, marshes 

would be less effective against erosion by waves. 

Knutson, P. L., J. C. Ford, M. R. Inskeep, and J. Oyler. "National survey of 

planted salt marshes (vegetative stabilization and wave stress)." Wetlands 1 (1981): 129- 

157. 

This study describes a technique for evaluating a coastal site's potential for 

vegetative stabilization based on the site's shoreline characteristics that relate to wave-climate 

severity. Results were based on the study of 104 salt marsh plantings in 12 coastal states. 

All marshes studied were exposed to wind waves, were located in brackish and salt water 

environments, were planted with Spartina altemijlora or S. foliosa at least one year prior to 

the survey, and had no rubble or man-made structures in the planted areas. 

Results of correlation analyses indicated that sediment grain size in the swash 

zone, longest or average fetch, and shore configuration were useful indicators of a site's 

suitability for vegetative stabilization. There was an 80% success rate in establishing a 

fringe marsh when sediment grain size was 0.4 mm or less, and there was an 80% failure 

rate when sediment grain size was 0.8 mm or greater. Failures increased when fetches 

increased. Successes increased as protection increased, with the greatest success rate found 

in coves. Another recommendation was that the site should have at least 6 m of intertidal 

width and be planted over 60% of this area; this should cause sufficient wave dampening to 

prevent erosion during most of the year. On the basis of these observations, a site evaluation 

form was developed to predict the success of a Spartina planting to control an area's erosion. 

This form was named the Vegetative Stabilization Site Evaluation Form. 

Kraus, D. B. and M. L. Kraus. "The establishment of a fiddler crab (Uca 

minm) colony on a manmade Sparh'na mitigation marsh, and its effect on invertebrate 

colonization." In: National wetland swn~osium: mitipation of im~acts and losses in 

Berne. NY, eds. J. A. Kusler, M. L. Quammen, and G. Brooks, Berne, NY: Assoc. 

State Wetland Managers, 343-348, 1986. 
30 Bibliography 

The objective of this study was to establish fiddler crab populations in a manmade SpamMna alternzj7ora marsh at the Mills Creek mitigation site, and to compare the 

macrobenthos at this marsh with that in a natural marsh area on Sawmill Creek, both in the 

Hackensack River basin in northeast New Jersey. Fiddler crabs (Uca minax) were collected 

from a colony at Moonachie Creek (also in the Hackensack River basin), transported to the 

test sites (7-m2 sites in the developing marsh), and deposited one crab per artificial burrow 

during 29-30 May 1986. Artificial burrows were made about 50 cm deep on 25-cm centers 

using a broom handle. Censuses of the number of burrows, types of burrows, and crabs 

seen in each of the two test sites (= colonies) were made in June, July, August and 

September. Benthic macrofauna were sampled at each colony, two control sites (30 m to 

the side of each colony), and in a Phragmites marsh using a bulb corer (300 ml) to a depth 

of 10 cm. Replicates were taken in May (before the crabs), June, July and September. 

Animals were separated from the cores using a 1 mm mesh sieve. 

Results of censuses showed that many of the crabs remained in each test site, 

forming two colonies. One month after transplanting the crabs, about 42% of the burrows 

were occupied. A month later a few additional burrows were noted, and the presence of 

small burrows indicated that recruitment may have occurred. By September, colony densities 

achieved those of natural colonies elsewhere in NJ. Benthic macroinvertebrates were five to 

ten times more abundant in the developing marsh and natural marsh than in the crab colonies 

or in the Phragmites marsh. Although sampling was not robust, fiddler crabs appeared to 

decrease the number of benthic invertebrates in the substrate of the colonies, perhaps through 

predation. 

Kruczynski, W. L. "Salt marshes of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico." In: 

Creation and restoration of coastal ~lant communities, ed. R. R. Lewis, III. 71-88. Boca 

Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1982. 

Salt marshes along the northeast coast of the Gulf of Mexico are generally 

similar to those along the Atlantic coast and the rest of the Gulf coast. However, Juncus 

roemerianus is more important along the northeast coast where it displaces much of the 

Spartina alternzpora normally found in the intermediate marsh. Descriptions of marshes in 

the northeast Gulf include marsh plant zonation and productivity, marsh animal communities, 

and marsh destruction. Salt marsh creation activities are summarized, as are the related uses 

of the various dominant plant species for restoration purposes. Species reviewed are: 

Spartina alternijlora, Spartina patens, Spartina cynosuroides, J. roemenanus, Distichlis 

spicata, Phragmites communis, Panicum repens, Panicum amarum, Uniola paniculata, and 

Ammophila breviligulata. Although Juncus is an important species in natural marshes of this 

area, it is not easily transplanted. Best success has been achieved by transplanting clumps of 

Juncus, rather than single sprigs. 

Additional information was given on handling transplant materials, use of 

fertilizers, planting methods, and factors affecting successful establishment of a transplanted 

marsh. The most important factors to consider for success were erosion control (water and 

wind) and soil characteristics (soil water, soil salinity, and soil nutrients). 
Bibliography 3 1 

Kwler, J. A. and M. E. Kentula, eds. Wetland Creation and Restoration. The 

Status of the Science, Washington, DC: Island Press, 1989. 

This book is a collection of chapters that summarize the status of the 

restoration science for various wetland types. he executive summary describes the 

adequacy of our scientific understanding concerning wetland restoration and creation, offers 

recommendations for needed scientific research to fill the information pages, and gives 

recommendations to wetland managers as to restoration and creation potential based on 

current scientific knowledge. 

Scientific knowledge and data has been developing, but much is still unknown. 

Some blame should be placed on poorly specified goals and the lack of monitoring for many 

of the early, and even current, restorationlcreation projects. Some wetlands appear to be 

easier to restore than others, as are some of the wetland functions. Rarely is a restoration a 

complete success, with all functions of a natural system being obtained, but partial successes 

that restore some of the wetland functions are beneficial and may lead to additional functional 

development in the future. The long term success of a wetland restoration is even more 

uncertain than the short term success. Both often depend upon our abilities to manipulate the 

site and its surrounding land, to maintain close supervision during all phases of a project, and 

to keep pests and intruders away from sensitive areas. Fourteen recommendations are 

offered to wetland managers to assist them in creating and maintaining wetlands: 

1. Wetland restoration must be viewed with some cynicism, particularly where 

promises are made to create a natural system in exchange for a permit to destroy or degrade 

a natural system that already exists. 

2. Multidisciplinary expertise in planning and project supervision is needed in 

all project phases. 

3. Clear, site-specific project goals should be established first. 

4. A detailed plan concerning all phases of a project should be prepared in 

advance to help regulatory agencies evaluate the probability and achievement of success. 

5. Site-specific studies should be done for the original system prior to wetland 

alteration. 

6. Careful attention to wetland hydrology is needed in the project design. 

7. Wetlands should be designed to be self-sustaining systems and persistent 

features in the landscape. 

8. Wetland design should consider relationships of the wetland to water 

sources, other wetlands in the watershed, and adjacent upland and deep water habitats. 

9. Buffers, barriers, and other protective measures are often needed for a 

successful restoration or creation of a wetland. 

10. Restoration should be favored over creation. 

11. A project should incorporated monitoring and methods for mid-course 

corrections when needed. 

12. Long term management is needed for some types of wetland systems. 

13. Risks inherent in restoration and creation of wetlands should be carefully 

evaluated and be reflected in project design. 

14. ~estoratio~action for &ficial or already altered systems requires special 

evaluation as to regional needs. 
32 Bibliography 

Landin, M. C. and J. W. Webb, Jr. "Wetland development and restoration as 

part of Corps of Engineer programs: Case studies." In: National Wetland Svm~osium: 

Mitipation of Im~acts and Losses. in New Orleans&, eds. J. A. Kusler, M. 

Quammen, and G. Brooks, New Orleans, LA: Association of State Wetland Managers, 

388-391, 1986. 

This paper presents an overview of the Corps of Engineers' work to use 

dredged material constructively, generally to create, restore or enhance wetlands. It also 

presents short reviews of seven projects. Since about 1970, over 130 wetland sites have 

been constructed using dredged material. Many of the sites were in coastal saline and 

brackish waters. Sites ranged in size from 0.4-to thousands of hectares. Results showed that 

most man-made wetlands were at least partially successful. These wetlands required about 3- 

5 years to develop into habitats comparable to natural marshes. Although above-ground 

vegetation generally could be established in the marshes within a couple of growing seasons, 

sediment organics and root biomass required more time, perhaps 10 years or more, to 

approach the conditions found in neighboring natural marshes. 

Langis, R., M. Zalejko, and J. B. Zedler. "Nitrogen assessments in a constructed 

and a natural salt marsh of San-Diego Bay." Ecolo~ical A~~lications 1 (1991): 40-51. 

Differences in nitrogen content in soil, soil water, and plant stems and leaves. 

were studied at a natural marsh (Paradise Creek) and a man-made marsh (Connector Marsh) 

in the San Diego Bay area, CA. Soil N pools and organic carbon were lower in the 

constructed marsh than in the adjacent natural marsh. Above-ground biomass and foliar N of 

Spartina foliosa were also lower in the constructed marsh. Rates of N fixation were lower in 

the surface (1-cm) sediments of the constructed marsh than the natural marsh, but not in the 

deeper sediments (down to 10 cm). Addition of organic matter to the soil increased N 

fixation rates in both marshes, more so when glucose was used than when ground-up dry 

Spar~ina plants were used. Nitrogen mineralization rates were high in both marshes. Results 

in general pointed to low import of nitrogen from tidal or stream flows, and high nitrogen 

demands by the marsh plants and ecosystem. Without a source of organics and nitrogen, 

constructed marshes will take a long time to develop production equivalent to natural marshes 

in the San Diego Bay area; longer perhaps than was estimated for Gulf and Atlantic coastal 

created marshes with Spartina altemflora and S. patens. 

LaPerriere, A. J. and M. M. Farmer. "Recent wetland restoration/creation 

actions in the New York District." In: Proceedings of the sixteenth annual conference 

on wetlands restoration and creation. in Plant Citv, EX., ed. F. J. Webb, Jr. Rant City, 

FL.: Millsborough Community College, pp. 97-108, 1989. 

Preliminary results of four New York District Corps of Engineers enforcement 

actions resulting in the restoration of one palustrine and three saltwater marshes are reported. 

The three saltmarsh restorations involved illegal fill being removed from sites in south 

central Long Island. At Site 1 (2.2 ha), the fill was removed within a few weeks of 

deposition, and was removed carefully so that about 25% of the original root mat was left 

intact and alive. At Site 2 (0.5 ha), the fill was removed a year after deposition, and all 

marsh plants and root matter had died. At Site 3 (0.04 ha), fill was removed two months 

after deposition, but conditions were such that the marsh was dead by the time removal was 
Bibliography 33 

complete. At all three sites, substrate elevations matching those present prior to filling were 

carefully restored and the areas were allowed to revegetate naturally. 

Revegetation was estimated subjectively to be 50% coverage during the first 

growing season at Site 1. During the second growing season, transects with 1-m2 plots 

established at 30.5-m intervals were established in each site. Percentage cover by each plant 

species was estimated and all were summed for a total coverage percentage. Percentages of 

total cover for Site 2 and Site 3 after one growing season were about 37%. For Site 1 after 

two growing seasons, total cover was about 67%. 

This paper showed how enforcement of wetland regulations, coupled with 

planned restorative action, can be effective. It also showed that in some cases, expensive 

transplanting operations may not always be necessary. 

LaSalle, M. W., M. C. Landin, and J. G. Sims. "Evaluation of the flora and 

fauna of a Spartina alterni&%m marsh established on dredged material in Winyah Bay, 

South Carolina." Wetlands 11 (1991): 191-208. 

The objectives of this study were to compare floral and faunal characteristics 

of 4 and 8 year old Spartina alterniflora marshes that developed naturally on unconfined 

dredged material deposited in Winyah Bay, SC. Both marshes were tall form S. altemiflora, 

and samples were collected in September of 1988. Most samples were collected at 10 

randomly chosen sites along a 50-m transect in each marsh. Above-ground vegetative 

characteristics were assessed from a 0.25 m2 quadrat at each site. Sediment, benthos, and 

below-ground biomass were sampled by coring at these sites. Large (1 to 2 cm) 

macrobenthos were collected from adjacent 1 m2 quadrats. Fish, shrimp and crabs were 

collected only in the 4-yr old marsh with Breder traps and block nets. 

Marsh sediments were similar, and substrata were mainly silts and clays. The 

percent organics in all sediments examined was about 11 %. Percent cover by Spartina 

alterniflora was about 50% in both marshes. Stem density (257 vs. 199 stems/m2), belowground biomass (3061 vs. 2204 g/m2) and total biomass (3692 vs. 3061 g/m2) were greater in 

the older marsh, but stem height (40 vs. 66 cm) and above-ground biomass (631 vs. 856 

g/m2) were greater in the younger marsh. 

Total density of benthic macrofauna from sediment cores was significantly 

greater in the 8-yr old marsh compared with the 4-yr old marsh, with mean values of 150 vs. 

35 organismd75 cm2. Species composition in the two marshes was similar, and the infauna 

was dominated by oligochaetes. Differences in infaunal density between the two marshes 

were attributed to marsh age, although the authors acknowledged that other factors such as 

distance to open water may have affected the populations. 

The fish and shellfish collected from the 4-yr old marsh in Breder traps were 

typical estuarine fauna reported by others for the natural marshes in Georgia and North 

Carolina. The mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, and the daggerblade grass shrimp, 

Palaemonetes pugio, were the dominants. Block net data were not presented, but apparently 

confirmed that large numbers of mummichogs and daggerblade grass shrimp were present in 

the marsh channels along with blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus. Gut contents from 

mummichogs indicated that Uca and insects were dominant prey items. 
34 Bibliography 

Lewis, R. R., III. "Creation and restoration of coastal plain wetlands in 

Florida." In: Wetland creation and restoration: The status of the Science. Part 1, 

Re~ional review., eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 73-102. Washington, DC: Island 

Press, 1989. 1 

This chapter reviews past activities related to salt marsh and mangrove 

restoration in Florida. Restoration and creation projects were generally initiated to mitigate 

destruction of natural wetlands, to enhance existing habitat, and to stabilize eroding 

shorelines. Despite hundreds of restoration and creation efforts, there are few reports from 

which to draw information to make restorations a science rather than an art. The more 

successful projects had paid attention to many factors including: location, wave climate, 

tidal range, salinity, shading, time of planting, substrate quality, condition of the transplants, 

buffer zones, and monitoring with mid-course corrections if needed. On the basis of critical 

review of projects and of the sparse literature, five factors appeared to be the most important 

to successful restorations: correct elevation, adequate drainage, protection from wave 

damage, appropriate plant material, and protection from human impacts. - Future needs are 

seen as: a centralized data bank for restoration projects, research on natural recruitment 

versus transplanting, rates of faunal recruitment to restoration sites, and regional planning for 

restorations. 

Lewis, R. R., III. "Wetlands restoration/creation/enhancement terminology: 

suggestions for standardization." In: Wetland creation and restoration: The status of the 

Science. Part 2. Pers~ectives., eds. J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 417-419. 

Washington, DC: Island Press, 1989. 

This document provides a glossary of terms frequently used in restoration, 

creation, and enhancement research. The terms defined are: mitigation, mitigation banking, 

restoration, creation, enhancement, and success. Restoration is defined as "returned from a 

disturbed or totally altered condition to a previously existing natural, or altered condition by 

some action of man." Creation is defined as "the conversion of a persistent non-wetland area 

into a wetland through some activity of man." Enhancement is defined as "the increase in 

one or more values of all or a portion of an existing wetland by man's activities, often with 

the accompanying decline in other wetland values." 

Lewis, R. R., III. "Coastal habitat restoration as a f~hery management tool." 

In: Stemmin~ the tide of coastal fish habitat loss., ed. R. H. Stroud. Savannah: National 

Coalition for Marine Conservation, Inc., 1992. 

In response to declines in both the commercial and recreational harvests of 

fishery species, a number of fishery management tools have been proposed and implemented. 

In the past, management methods concentrated on increasing survival of late juveniles and 

adults to restore or increase egg production. In recent yea$, methods whichincrease the 

survival of larval and juvenile fishes came to be considered more important to a species' 

reproductive success than egg production. Coastal wetland restoration is one such method, 

particularly for those estuarine-dependent species whose life histories include a resident 

period in shallow low-salinity marine habitats. A summary of the use of coastal restoration 

in past studies shows both its importance as a management tool, and the paucity of published 

information concerning its use. This lack of information is another reason that wetlands 
Bibliography 35 

restoration is not generally listed or used as a fishery management tool. Another is the belief 

that restored wetlands can not reach a productive level equivalent to natural wetlands. 

Despite this generally negative attitude, restoration of coastal wetlands is generally 

acknowledged as being more predictable and assured of success if done correctly. Reviews 

of past projects show fish and wildlife populations closely approximating those found in 

natural wetlands, and suggest that this is an underutilized fishery management tool. 

Lewis, R. R., III and C. S. Lewis. "Tidal marsh creation on dredged material in 

Tampa Bay, Florida." In: Proceedins of the fourth a~ual conference on restoration 

of coastal vegetation in Florida. in Tamm. FL, eds. R. R. Lewis, III and D. Cole, 

Tampa, FL: Hillsborough Community College, 45-67, 1977. 

Three experimental plantings of smooth cordgrass, Spartina altemzjlora, were 

done on a 12 year old dredged material island in Tampa Bay, Florida. The tests were to 

assist in developing marsh creation techniques. 

In the first planting, 36 single stems were dug from an adjacent natural marsh 

and planted in six rows of six plants on 1.0-m centers. The substrate was uneven and the 

elevation of the planted plot ranged from 49 to 61 cm above MLW, or just a little lower than 

the natural marsh (58-64 cm above MLW). Planting was in September, 1976, and the test 

area was well protected from waves and had a gentle slope. About 91 % of the transplants 

survived and increased so that nine months later there were 267 stems. The control area 

showed no volunteer establishment of Spartina altemzjlora during the course of this study. 

The second planting was adjacent to the first. It involved only 15 seedlings 

sent to Tampa. The seedlings had been grown in Maryland from seeds harvested near 

Assateague Island, Virginia. The seeds were germinated and raised by Environmental 

Concern, Inc. in Maryland. These seedlings were also planted in October, 1976, on 1.0-m 

centers. No details of survival percentages were given, but eight months later there were 

331 stems. 

The donor marsh for the first planting went into flower in November, and 

237,000 spikelets were harvested and shipped to Environmental Concern, Inc. Eleven 

percent of the spikelets contained seeds, and 63% of the seeds germinated. Many of the 

seedlings produced were sent back to Tampa Bay for the third planting experiment. The 

500 healthiest (=tallest) seedlings were planted on 1.0-m centers in another area adjacent to 

the previous planting. This planting was in May, 1977. One month later there appeared to 

be at least 90% survival. 

The successful establishment of cordgrass on the island showed that a salt 

marsh could be established much more rapidly if assisted by transplanting. In addition the 

study showed that a northern variety of smooth cordgrass could be successfully transplanted 

in Florida. The experiments also showed planting could be successful even in the fall in 

Florida, probably because of the year-round warm weather. In photographs the plants 

appeared to be sparse and short, even in the natural marsh, but no mention was made of 

these features in the paper. 

Lidall, W. N., Jr. and G. W. Thayer. "Quantification of National Marine 

Fisheries Service habitat conservation efforts in the southeast region of the United 

States." Mar. Fish. Rev, 44 (1982): 18-22. 
36 Bibliography 

The objectives of this study were to determine how many acres of coastal 

marsh were impacted by permitted alterations in the southeastern U.S. in a year, and to 

determine to what extent National Marine Fisheries Service's recommendations to protect this 

coastal habitat were being followed. From Oct. 1980 through Sept. 1981, there were 6,399 

permit applications from the Corps of Engineers available for review by NMFS in the 

Southeast. The permits covered about 1,300 ha to be dredged, 2,590 ha to be filled, and 

3,360 ha to be impounded. NMFS did not object to about 73% of the desired alteration after 

preliminary review showed they involved only minor alterations to wetlands. NMFS 

contracted 1,380 permit applications for thorough review, and did not assess 368 permit 

applications. Of the 7,272 ha in the 1,380 permits thoroughly reviewed, NMFS objected to 

alteration of 5,412 ha, but did not object to 1,860 ha being altered provided there was 

mitigation involving 1,012 ha of restoration and 324 ha of creation to reduce the loss of 

wetlands. 

Almost all (98%) of the recommendations submitted by NMFS were 

incorporated in the permits by the Corps of Engineers, however, only 72% of these were 

complied with by permitees. Even though the study did not tell the percentage (by area) of 

wetlands that were preserved or improved, and did not evaluate the losses of wetlands from 

permitted activities versus non-permitted activities, it did show NMFS was effective in 

protecting a substantial amount of the country's coastal wetlands. The article also showed, 

however, that in one year in the southeast at least 524 ha of coastal wetlands were lost 

through the permitting process. 

Lindau, C. W. and L. R. Hossner. "Substrate characterization of an 

experimental marsh and three natural marshes." Soil Science, American Journal 45 

(1981): 1171-1176. 

Changes were monitored in selected chemical and physical properties of 

dredged material used in the construction of a coastal marsh. Substrate properties were also 

compared with those of three natural marshes, all in the Galveston Bay area, Texas. The 

dredged material in all three elevational tiers at the transplant site contained about 97% sand, 

2% clay, and 1 % organic matter at the start of the study. Sixteen months later, the lowest 

tier had been covered by 2-30 cm of fine particles that had settled out of the water column 

due to a breakwater that had been constructed to protect the site from wave impacts. 

Baseline cores showed that organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total Kjeldahl 

nitrogen (TKN), and extractable phosphorus values were low, and nitrate and nitrite 

concentration were below detectable values. Ammonium was detected in half of the core 

samples, never exceeding 2.0 mg N/g . The clay content, CEC, TKN, extr-P, and sulfide 

values were highly variable due to the heterogeneity of the graded dredged material. 

The intertidal and supratidal zones in the dredged material area were planted 

with Spartina alternzjlora, S. patens and some other species. Trends of increasing 

concentrations of TKN, ammonium-N, organic matter, and extr-P, were found over the three 

post-planting samplings. These changes were mainly found in the lowest tier where most of 

the particulate matter accreted. Even with the increases found in the nutrients, their values 

were well below those for the natural marshes. Data suggest that concentrations of nutrients 

at the transplant site should approach those of the natural sites in a total of 2 to 5 years after 
Bibliography 37 

planting. The study also indicated that substrate concentrations of N and P did not show a 

response to the surface applications of fertilizer. 

Lindau, C. W. and L. R. Hossner. "Sediment fractionation of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, 

Mu, and Fe in one experimental and three natural marshes." Journal of Environmental 

Oualitv 11 (1982): 540-545. 

Clay mineralogical properties of a planted Spartina altemiflora marsh were 

compared with those of three natural marshes, all in the Galveston Bay area, Texas. At the 

transplanted marsh site the dredged material in all three elevational tiers sampled, contained 

about 97% sand, 2% clay, and 1 % organic matter. A sequential chemical extraction 

procedure was used to obtain the concentration of the metals. Clay minerals found in the 

sediments of the experimental marsh were not significantly different form those in the natural 

marshes. Total elemental substrate concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe averaged 

7.9, 8.6, 25.5, 25.2, 123, and 12,200 uglg, respectively, for the four marshes. About 30% 

of the total substrate Cu, Ni, and Zn was associated with the organic matter fraction in these 

marshes. About 53% of the experimental marsh Mn was associated with the easily reducible 

fraction, compared with only 11 % in the natural marshes. Iron associated with the organic 

matter and sulfide fraction of the experimental marsh was about 10% lower than that for the 

natural marshes. The likelihood of heavy metals reaching toxic levels appears to be very low 

for these marshes. 

Lyon, J. T., III. "A comparison of epiphytes on natural and planted Spartinu 

altemiflom marshes." M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State University, 1975. 

Epiphytic algae growing on stems of Spartina alternijlora were compared 

between two created salt marshes and nearby natural marshes at Beaufort and Snow's Cut, 

North Carolina. Comparisons were made through standing crop estimates and laboratory 

14C uptake rates. Neither standing crop nor primary production varied consistently between 

transplanted and natural marshes. The age of stems and the marsh elevation appeared to be 

more important than whether the marsh was transplanted in determining epiphyte growth. 

Mager, A. and G. W. Thayer. "NMFS habitat conservation efforts in the 

Southeast Region of the United States from 1981 through 1985." Marine Fisheries 

Review 48 (1986): 1-8. 

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) in the southeastern region of the 

United States regulates development activities affecting thousands of acres of wetlands every 

year. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) makes recommendations to the COE 

that are designed to minimize the effect of these projects on wetland resources. The NMFS 

Habitat Conservation Division's Southeast Region quantifies those COE projects relating to 

water development in the Southeast Region of the United States in a computerized system 

that tracks permit recommendations and proposed habitat alterations. This project was begun 

in late 1980, and the first five years of data are summarized. Such data are necessary in 

order to maintain a comprehensive view of wetlands modification to determine cumulative 

loss of habitat. This information is necessary to prevent avoidable damages to fisheries 

production and judge the effectiveness of the NMFS recommendations. 
3 8 Bibliography 

NMFS recommendations on permit applications are made by the Southeast 

Regional Office and its area offices, but are dependent on up-to-date research information 

provided by research laboratories of the Southeast Fisheries Ceqter. The close links between 

these facilities and NMFS fisheries habitat conservation efforts are described. 

Meyer, D. L., M. S. Fonseca, D. R. Colby, W. J. Kenworthy, and G. W. 

Thayer. "An examination of created marsh and seagrass utilization by living marine 

resources." In: Coastal Zone '93, Volume 2. Proceedin~s of the 8th Svm~osium on 

Coastal and Ocean Management,, eds. 0. Magoon, W. S. Wilson, H. Converse, and L. 

T. Tobin. 1858-1863. New York.: American Society Of Civil Engineers, 1993. 

This paper summarizes the results of a study where fish, shrimp, and crab 

utilization of planted and natural Spartina alterniflora marshes and Halodule wrightii - 

Zostera marina seagrass beds was evaluated. Initially, S. alternzjlora was planted in 1987 at 

three dredged-material sites in North Carolina in solid and reticulated (with access channels) 

patterns. By 1992, however, the marsh had coalesced into a solid vegehive stand. Habitat 

heterogeneity was then added by placing oyster cultch along certain areas of the marsh 

shoreline. Fishery utilization of the created marshes and nearby natural marsh was examined 

from 1987 through 1989 by the use of block and fyke nets that collected animals retreating 

off the marsh surface with the ebb tide. 

Density data were presented from three collections of fisheries organisms 

made in the two years following transplanting. The overall mean density of shrimp (mainly 

daggerblade grass shrimp and brown shrimp) was 3.1 times as large in the natural reference 

marsh as in the planted marshes, but differences were not significant apparently due to high 

sample variability. Mean crab densities (mainly blue crabs) were twice as high in the planted 

marshes compared with the natural marsh, but again this difference was not statistically 

significant. Fishes collected included spot, mummichog, pinfish, and pigfish, and the mean 

density for total fish was twice as high in the natural marsh as in the created marshes. This 

difference was statistically significant during two of the three sampling periods. The results 

of this study highlight the difficulties encountered in collecting quantitative data from marsh 

surfaces in order to assess fishery utilization patterns in natural and created salt marshes. -- The effect of depositing oyster cultch along the marsh shoreline was examined 

3 months after cultch placement. Oysters, xanthid crabs, amphipods, and other reef 

organisms were found inhabiting this cultch. This addition appeared to increase animal 

diversity in the marsh because few of these organisms were collected in marsh areas where 

cultch was not added. 

Miller, L., G. T. Auble, and K. A. Schneller-McDonald. "User's guide to the 

wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2." Wash. D.C.: U.S. Dept. Inter., Fish 

and Wildlife Service, Research and Development. 1991. 

This is a guide to assist users in accessing a very large annotated 

bibliographical database about all types of wetland restorations and creations, and related 

topics. The guide facilitates finding articles about selected subjects in the database. The 

database (Wetland Creation/Restoration Data Base) contains about 500 entries referring to 

Spartim alterniflora, and should be of use to researchers. 
Bibliography 39 

Minello, T. J. and J. W. Webb, Jr. "The development of fishery habitat value in 

created salt marshes." In: Coastal Zone '93. Volume 2. Proceedines of the 8th 

Sym~osium on Coastal and Ocean Management,, eds. 0. Magpon, W. S. Wilson, H. 

Converse, and L. T. Tobin. 18641865. New York: American Society Of Civil 

Engineers, 1993. 

This short paper describes preliminary results from a Coastal Ocean Program 

project in Galveston Bay, Texas, designed to compare ten created Spartina altemzjlora 

marshes with five natural marshes. The created marshes were mainly transplanted on 

dredged material and ranged in age from 3 to 15 years at the time of sampling (fall 1990, 

spring 1991). Compared with natural marshes, above-ground plant biomass was equal or 

higher in most created marshes while below-ground biomass and sediment organic content 

was consistently lower in created marshes. Densities of juvenile fishery species within the 

marsh vegetation were estimated using a drop enclosure. Grass shrimp, commercial penaeid 

shrimp, blue crabs, pinfish, and gobies predominated. Created marshes generally supported 

lower numbers of natant macrofauna, especially juvenile brown shrimp, white shrimp, and 

blue crabs. Preliminary results from a caging study in the marshes indicated that growth 

rates of juvenile brown shrimp were similar in created and natural marshes, but survival in 

cages was significantly lower in created marshes than in natural marshes. A predator 

exclosure study in the marshes suggested production of benthic annelids was greater in 

natural marshes. There was little evidence in any of the results to indicate that utilization 

and value of the created marshes was increasing based solely on marsh age. 

Minello, T. J. and R. J. Zimmeman. "Utilization of natural and transplanted 

Texas salt marshes by fish and decapod crustaceans." Marine Ecoloav Propress Series 

90 (1992): 273-285. 

The objective of this study was to compare three transplanted Spartina 

altemijlora salt marshes (2-5 years in age) with adjacent natural marshes on the Texas coast. 

Samples were collected only in the spring, limiting conclusions to this season, but the use of 

replicate marshes allowed a test of the null hypothesis that transplanted marshes on the Texas 

coast were equivalent to natural marshes. Quantitative drop enclosures (2.6 mZ area) were 

used to collect juvenile fishes and crustaceans on the marsh surface. Above-ground density 

and biomass of macrophytes were also measured within these enclosures, and sediment cores 

were collected to examine sediment macro-organic matter (MOM) and benthic infaunal 

densities. 

Mean values for stem density and above-ground biomass of S. alternzjlora 

were consistently higher in the transplanted marshes, and the difference was statistically 

significant for stem density. Macro-organic matter in the upper 5 cm of sediment was 

significantly lower in the transplanted marshes. Densities of plychaetes and amphipods 

within transplanted marshes were positively correlated with this MOM. The transplanted 

marshes had significantly lower densities of decapod crustacea (primarily daggerblade grass 

shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and juvenile brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus) compared with 

natural marshes. This reduced utilization may have been a response to low densities of 

benthic food organisms, and densities of decapods were positively correlated with densities of 

prey in sediment cores. In contrast to the utilization pattern of decapods, densities of fish 

(dominated by the darter goby, Gobionellus boleosoma, and pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides) 
40 Bibliography 

were similar between natural and transplanted marshes. These small fish may rely on salt 

marshes more for protective cover than for enhanced food resources, and above-ground 

structure in the transplanted marshes may have adequately provide# this function. 

The authors stressed that comparisons of functional equivalency between 

natural and transplanted salt marshes require adequate information on how salt marshes 

actually function for fish and decapod crustacea. For example, the use of prey density as an 

indicator of food value in a marsh can be misleading unless trophic pathways are well 

understood and access to the marsh surface is considered. 

Minello, T. J., R. J. Zimmerman, and E. F. Klima. "Creation of fuhery habitat 

in estuaries." In: Beneficial uses of dredped material: Proceedings of the first 

Intera~encv Worksho~. 7-9 Oct. 1986. Pensacola. Florida., eds. M. C. Landin and H. 

K. Smith. 106-117. US Army COE, WES: Tech. Rep. D-87-1, 1987. 

This paper discusses the importance of estuarine habitats, including salt 

marshes, in supporting the productivity of coastal fisheries. Extensive wetland losses have 

caused an increased willingness to create coastal salt marshes with dredged material. These 

marshes, however, are usually established over subtidal bay bottom. In order to properly 

assess the impacts of these habitat exchanges, the relative value of the involved habitats for 

fishery species must be known. Research conducted in fishery ecology and habitat functions 

at the Galveston Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service is reviewed. 

Preliminary data is also reported indicating that transplanted Spartina altemijlora marshes 

support lower densities of nekton than natural marshes. Subsequently, these data have been 

analyzed fully by Minello and Zimmerman (1992). A cooperative program to create fishery 

habitat is also discussed; this program was in the initial stages of development between the 

NMFS and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 

Miaello, T.J., R.J. Zimmerman, and R. Medina. "The importance of edge for 

natant macrofauna in a created salt marsh." Wetlands (in press, 1994). 

The relationship between marsh edge and animal use was examined in a 

planted Spartina altemijlora marsh located in the Galveston Bay system of Texas. A 

completely randomized block experimental design was used with each of four blocks 

containing a control and experimental sector. Marsh edge was increased through the 

construction of channels in experimental sectors. Channel construction had no detectable 

effect on marsh surface elevation. Effects of these simulated tidal creeks on habitat use were 

examined by sampling nekton at high tide with drop enclosures both on the marsh surface 

and within the channels. Crustaceans dominated the nekton, and use of the marsh surface in 

experimental sectors was significantly higher than in controls; densities of brown shrimp 

Penaeus aztecus, white shrimp P. setifem, and daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes 

pugio were 4.6 to 13 times higher near the channels. Polychaete densities in marsh 

sediments were also significantly higher near channels, and densities of decapod predators 

were positively correlated with densities of these infaunal prey. Thus, channel effects on 

natant decapods may have been related to the distribution of prey organisms. However, 

increased densities of natant fauna along the channel edge may simply reflect a requirement 

for departure from the marsh surface at low tide. Marsh-surface densities of small bait 

fishes, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and the inland silverside Menidia -beryllina, also 
Bibliography 41 

increased near channels, but highest densities of these fishes were in the creeks themselves. 

The abundance and distribution of juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus and gulf marsh 

fiddler crabs Uca longisignalis were not affected by the addition of experimental channels. 

Overall, the study results indicate that habitat value of created salt 'marshes can be enhanced 

by incorporating tidal creeks into the marsh design. 

Morrison, J. and P. Williams. "Warm Springs marsh restoration." In: Urban 

wetlands: ~roceedin~s of the national wetland svm~osium. in Oakland. CA, eds. J. A. 

Kusler, S. Daly, and G. Brooks, Oakland, CA: Assoc. State Wetland Managers, 340- 

349, 1988. 

This paper discusses the design and monitoring of the 81-ha tidal restoration 

portion of a previously diked wetland, the Warm Springs marsh area near Fremont, 

California. The area is at the southern end of San Francisco Bay. The design was made by 

a team of a landscape architect, a biologist, and a hydrologist. The objectives of the 

restoration were: 1. to establish an Alkali bulrush marsh as is found outside the diked area, 

2. to enhance Salicornia virginica growth for habitat for the salt marsh harvest mouse, an 

endangered species, 3. to provide fill and flood protection for the industrial park, 4. to 

improve tidal circulation and water quality to the area, and 5. to improve public access to 

the area for fishing, hiking, picnicking, and bird watching. 

The planned topography for the area included terraces and peninsulas along the 

embayment which would provide area for pickleweed growth. Elevated areas along the dikes 

were retained as refugia during extremely high water events. A main channel was 

established connecting the embayment with Coyote Slough at the south end, and a minor 

connection with Mud Slough at the north end. Channel erosion deepened and widened the 

south entrance during the first year as expected in the design. This channel stabilized within 

15 months. The tidal inflow brought in seeds from adjacent marshes and Salicornia virginica 

became established along the higher terraces as planned. Spartina sp. started growing among 

the pickleweed at its lower elevations, but Alkali bulrush did not invade the restoration area 

as was expected it would. Increased use of the area by bird, fish and mammals use of the 

area was documented. 

Although the Alkali bulrush did not become established, this carefully designed 

project is likely to be considered a success. Most of the goals of the restoration project are 

being met, including restoration of many natural marsh functions. The project is a good 

example of what careful and knowledgeable planning can do for wetland restoration. 

Moy, L. D. and L. A. Levin. "Are Spadna marshes a replaceable resource? A 

functional approach to evaluation of marsh creation efforts." Estuaries 14 (1991): 1-16. 

This study compared a 1-3 yr old man-made Spartina altemijlora salt marsh in 

Dills Creek, North Carolina with two adjacent natural marshes. Comparisons were made of 

sediment properties, infaunal composition, and Fundulus heteroclitus use of the marshes. 

Sediments and infauna were sampled in spring and fall of 1987 and spring and summer of 

. 1988 along three isobath transects (8, 28 and 48 cm above MLW) in each marsh. On each 

transect sediment cores (3.2 to 4.7 cm diameter) were taken to a depth of 4 to 5 cm. During 

three of the above sampling periods, pit traps, consisting of plastic wash tubs buried in the 
42 Bibliography 

sediment, were used to collect juvenile Fundulus at five sites in each marsh. Gut analyses 

were also conducted on the collected fish. 

Sediment grain-size was similar in the planted marsh and the natural marsh 

that shared the same drainage system (east marsh), but sediments were finer in the west 

marsh. Detritus and sediment organics were higher in both natural marshes than in the 

planted marsh. Sediment macrofauna in the natural marshes were dominated by the 

oligochaete Monopylephow evertus, while the macrofauna of the planted marsh was 

dominated by polychaetes that occur nearer the sedimentlwater interface such as Streblospio 

benedicti and Manayunkia aestuarinu. Meiofauna species composition was similar between 

east and planted marshes, the only two compared. Total mean density of meiofauna was 

about twice as high in the east marsh, but high variances prevented the detection of 

statistically significant differences. 

Fundulus collected in pit traps on the natural marshes had mainly detritus and 

insects in their guts, while fundulids in the planted marsh had polychaetes and algae. These 

dietary differences reflected the available infaunal prey in the marshes. The number of fish 

caught in the pit traps was consistently higher in the natural marshes than in the planted 

marsh. The authors suggested that this increased catch indicated that the natural marshes 

supported larger populations of fish despite the observed dietary differences. Low Spartina 

stem densities in the planted marsh may have provided inadequate protection from predators 

or insufficient spawning sites. The different catches of Fundulur in pit traps, however, may 

also have been the result of variable catch efficiency in the marshes. The surface area of 

marsh sampled by the traps was unknown and may have varied among the marshes. 

Differences in the occurrence of depressions (natural 'pit traps') on the marsh surface may 

also have affected catches. This problem with pit traps, however, probably had little effect 

on the study conclusions that the planted salt marsh was ecologically different from the 

natural marshes in the area, and that salt marshes should not be treated as a replaceable 

resource. 

Munro, J. W. "Wetland restoration in the mitigation context." Restoration & 

Management Notes 9 (1991): 80-86. 

-- The author reviews some of the problems encountered in the permitting and 

mitigation process for wetland alteration. The process was characterized as costly, slow, and 

not well regulated (little standardization, and little checking of mitigation projects). 

Guidelines for planning a restoration project have not been formally established by 

responsible agencies, but several important variables to be considered in the planning, 

execution, and monitoring processes for a project's success were suggested, defined and 

briefly discussed. They included: sizing up the area, describing or defining the site, 

modeling the project, establishing constant reference points for monitoring, maintaining 

authenticity, defining the goals, developing a conceptual plan, specifying net gain, defining 

the pattern of the system, setting the ecological context of the project, defining the education 

potential, describing the area hydrology, planning for the long-term, scheduling, allowing for 

setbacks, having buffer zones, maintaining holism and continuity, using innoculants, making 

wildlife structures, preventing erosion, keeping some flexibility in the plan, using 

horticulture, using planting patterns, having sufficient sock for the project, accepting 

providence, protecting against exotics, developing biodiversity, ordering supplies, recycling 
Bibliography 43 

plants and soil if possible, planning for transportation, using soil banks, keeping accurate 

records, and publishing reports to help others. 

The author concluded that without continuity of the designer overseeing the 

construction and monitoring its progress, projects could fall shortlof their goals. Timing and 

scheduling of planting was underscored as very important for obtaining that initial growth 

and plant establishment. Documentation of the entire project was deemed worthwhile even if 

the project failed--a lesson learned, and hopefully not repeated. Better area-wide planning of 

restoration activities could be done if a list of mitigation areas and projects were accessible to 

the public. 

Nailon, R. W. and E. L. Seidensticker. "The effects of shoreline erosion in 

Galveston Bay, Texas." In: Coastal wetlands, ed. H S. Bolton. 193-206. New York: 

Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers, 1991. 

The use of planted Spartina alternij7ora is discussed for shoreline erosion 

control in Trinity Bay and East Galveston Bay, Texas. S. alternij7ora was planted at four 

sites, and about 1825 meters of shoreline were vegetated. Before planting, erosion rates at 

the four sites ranged from 0.5 to 2.6 m per year, and this rate appeared related to fetch 

length. Christmas trees, plastic snow fence, and used cargo parachutes were installed to 

reduce shoreline energy while young transplants became established. Survival of transplants 

ranged from 60 to 70% after a year for the three sites protected from wave energy. At the 

one site with no protection, none of the transplants survived. 

Fishery species were sampled with bag seines and cast nets in the waters just 

offshore from one successful transplant site and from the site with no surviving plants. The 

samples were collected in August and October of 1988, about 2 years after transplanting. 

White shrimp, Gulf menhaden, and striped mullet were most abundant in the catches and 

87% of the finfish and crustaceans were collected adjacent to the successful transplant site. 

Although gear catch efficiencies may have varied among sites, and the samples were not 

collected within the vegetation, the large differences in observed catches suggested that the 

shoreline area with transplanted Spartina alternij7ora was utilized more by these fishery 

organisms than was the bare shoreline. 

National Research Council. Restoration of Aauatic Ecosvstems: Science, 

Technolom. and Public Policv. Washington D.C .: National Academy Press, 1992. 

This book reviews historic degredation of aquatic ecosystems in the U.S. Of 

particular relevance were chapters 6 (Wetlands) and 8 (National restoration strategy: basic 

elements and related recommendations). The wetlands chapter included descriptions and 

discussion of the functions of wetlands, a brief history of the loss of wetlands in the U.S., a 

review of the potential for restoration actions, and a review of restoration research and 

technology. It also included a discussion of the difficulties that face wetland restorations, 

including ecological, biological and institutional constraints. Some discussion about what 

constitutes "successful" restoration was included, as was discussion about the research needs 

to assist wetland restoration. Among the most significant needs appeared to be the 

assessment of the restoration of functional equivalency, and what technology could be 

developed to accelerate the restoration process in each project. 
44 Bibliography 

Chapter 8 contains a proposal for a national restoration strategy. The elements 

come under four headings: (1) goal setting, (2) priority setting and decision-making 

principles, (3) redesign of federal policies and programs, and (4) innovation in financing. 

This book provides an excellent base of information, about the current status of 

restoration activities and thought in the U.S. It shows there is a large concern by ecologists, 

biologists, and naturalists that many important aquatic ecosystems are being destroyed with a 

consequent loss of associated fish and wildlife. It also shows how this loss of natural 

resources will continue if new policies are not established by state and federal agencies to 

offer better protection to aquatic ecosystems. 

Newling, C. J., M. C. Landin, and S. D. Parris. "Long-term monitoring of the 

Apalachicola Bay wetland habitat development site." In: Proceedinm of the tenth 

annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. in Tam~a. FLY ed. F. J. Webb, 

Jr. Tampa, FL: Hillsborough Community College, 164-186, 1983. 

This paper describes changes in the man-made cordgrass marshes that occurred 

in the Apalachicola Bay wetland habitat development site, an area of dredged material 

deposition that was protected from wave action by dikes. The area, known as Drake Wilson 

Island, covers about 5 ha along the northern shore of Apalachicola Bay, FL. In 1976, 

Spartina altemzjlora was planted in various configurations in the intertidal zone, and Spartina 

patens was planted in the supratidal zone. Based on randomly selected 0.5-nf quadrats, 

within two growing seasons all S. altemzjlora plots that began with plants on 1-m centers or 

less had filled in for 100% coverage; those on larger centers had mostly been washed out, or 

were just surviving. Similar covekges were found for S. patens using-0.25-m? quadrats. By 

the second year, 42 species of plants had invaded the planted site; Distichlis spicata was the 

dominant invader in areas between the two cordgrasses. 

By 1982, six years after the planting, several changes had occurred to the 

planted areas. Scipus robustus was now found regularly interspersed with S. altemijlora 

along the landward margin. S. patens coverage had been greatly reduced by invading dunetype vegetation. Diversity in the dunes and marshes had increased to 97 species of plants by 

this time. The plant assemblage on the island was as diverse as those at the nearby natural 

marsh sites examined for comparison. 

- Based on visual observations, bird usage of the Drake Wilson Island was even 

greater than at the natural marshes. Wading birds were commonly found feeding at Drake 

Wilson Island, and included many clapper rails, plovers, herons, egrets and terns. No 

sampling was done for fisheries or fisheries food-chain organisms. Some concern was voiced 

about the eroding dikes and thus about the longevity of this marsh. Inferences were that 

repairs may become necessary to maintain the marsh. 

Niering, W. A. "Vegetation dynamics in relation to wetland creation." In: 

Wetland creation and restoration: The status of the Science, Part 2. Pers~ectives,, eds. 

J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula. 479-486. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1989. 

Ecological concepts involved in the successional development of wetland 

vegetation are discussed. Discovering the hydrological basis of a wetland leads to a better 

understanding of how perturbations to water flow through a marsh will affect its vegetation. 

Disturbance is a natural part of coastal wetlands and depending on the severity of the 
Bibliography 45 

disturbance, the induced changes in wetland vegetation will vary from minor and shorttermed to severe and persistent. Creating a wetland that will persist requires creating an area 

with an appropriate and stable topography and hydrology; once vegetation becomes 

established it should persist. 

Pacific Estuarine Research Laboratory. A manual for assessing: restored and 

natural coastal wetlands with exam~les from southern California. California Sea Grant 

Re~ort No. T-CSGCP-021, La Jolla, California: 1990. 

This manual discusses the problems encountered in assessing functional 

equivalency for created salt marshes. The basic premise is that man-made wetlands should 

be expected to replace natural wetland functions. Evaluation procedures are presented for 

wetland functions related to hydrology, water quality, sediment and nutrient dynamics, 

vegetation, and support of various animal populations. The main purpose of the manual is to 

standardize methods of assessing functions in created wetlands. Criteria for success need to 

be stated as testable goals that can be achieved through reasonable monitoring programs. 

The assessment method recommended for fishery species was repetitive seining 

of enclosed areas in tidal creeks or ponds until populations decline. This seems extreme. 

Because salt marsh vegetation in southern California is infrequently flooded in comparison 

with other coastal regions, sampling of nonvegetated habitats within the marsh complex may 

be sufficient to assess fishery use. In other regions, however, where the vegetated areas in 

salt marshes are directly utilized by fishery species, animal densities on the marsh surface 

(within the vegetation) are important, and the quantitative sampling of this habitat requires 

different techniques. 

Patience, N. and V. V. Klemas. "Wetland functional health assessment using 

remote sensing and other techniques: literature search." NOAA. Tech. Memo. NMFSSEFSC-319,114,1993. 

This report reviews techniques for determination of the functional health of 

wetlands using remote sensing and other techniques. It provides a concise review of 

concepts and technology, and points to areas of future research. Each section of the report is 

supported by an extensive review of pertinent literature. With improving technology and 

information transfer, system capabilities will make greater accuracy and timeliness possible 

for health assessments of many more wetlands and their functions. Remote sensing will also 

allow for monitoring of many more restored and created wetlands on an annual basis. 

Reppert, R. "Wetlands mitigation banking concepts." U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers. IWR Rep. 92-WMB-1, 33, 1992. 

This report provides general and specific information about wetland mitigation 

banking. Mitigation banks that are functioning are reviewed and evaluated. The potential of 

mitigation banking for achieving "no net lossn of wetlands is also evaluated. 

Wetland mitigation banks provide advanced compensation for unavoidable 

wetland losses by creation, restoration, enhancement or preservation of other wetlands of 

equivalent value. Such banks are usually large tracts whose tangible and intangible values 

are equated to credits. As wetlands are altered elsewhere, credits are withdrawn from the 

bank. When the credits are exhausted the bank is closed, and new projects must seek 
46 Bibliography 

mitigation credits elsewhere. Banks would appear to be very effective in mitigation efforts 

particularly when many small mitigation projects would not yield any one area of sufficient 

size to support some larger wetland animals that require a large area for a viable habitat. 

Mitigation banks are sponsored by industries, highway departments, port 

authorities, federal projects, and commercial interests. Of the 37 banks identified in this 

report, 19 were sponsored by state highway departments, 8 by ports, and 7 by land 

developers. In 1988, there were only 12 banks, now there are 37, and there are plans for 

65 new banks in the next couple of years. This shows a significant development towards 

banking for solutions to mitigation. 

Banking has its good and bad features depending on your point of view, and 

such an increase in banks could be disturbing news. Some of the good features listed were: 

1. A bank is generally a large block of land which can support more species, 

some requiring large areas as habitats, than small single mitigation projects. 

2. A large unit in a bank should be more economical to manage than many 

small dispersed units. 

3. A bank generally provides for mitigation before adverse impacts to 

wetlands occur, otherwise there could be loss of habitat and ecological functions for several 

years while a mitigation project develops to its full functioning state. 

4. A bank can be more thoroughly planned, managed, and incorporated into 

regional wetland requirements because there is plenty of time for these actions. 

5. A bank can serve more social value than small spread-out mitigation 

projects; elements for public appreciation and education can be offered in a larger area. 

6. A bank can expedite conflict solution because it already exists and its costs 

are known. 

7. A bank can provide a lifetime monitoring program to protect the habitat. 

The establishment of a bank indicates permanence for the habitat as far as man's actions are 

concerned. 

The main negative features of banks were listed as: 

1. The planning may be less than adequate for the entire area and lifetime of 

the bank. 

2. The existence of a bank may make it too easy to allow other wetlands to be 

destroyed where there may have been alternative actions that could have preserved them. 

Banks may act as short circuits to the regulatory process. 

3. There is uncertainty as to the real value of a bank in terms of credits. 

Credit value has been difficult to establish for ecological functions of wetlands, and thus, 

crediting and debiting will always be controversial. 

4. A bank may not provide for in-kind replacement, thereby potentially 

allowing for a particular habitat to be eliminated from a watershed. 

5. There are uncertainties about management techniques for wetland habiwts 

in general, and, when applied to a large bank, poor management could prove ecologically 

and economically costly. 

6. The preservation of wetlands in the bank would only be beneficial if the 

lands were subject to loss to begin with; if not, there would be no replacement benefit by 

preserving the bank lands. 
Bibliography 47 

7. When all bank credits are exhausted, there is always the question of who is 

going to own the land and be responsible for its maintenance. 

Mitigation banking is likely to increase as we press tq use wetlands. To obtain 

the benefits offered by mitigation banking, we must support excellence in planning each bank 

and excellence in maintaining each bank. Yearly credits should be issued to each bank that 

would go to support the maintenance and monitoring. Certainly, the presence of mitigation 

banks should not be used as an excuse to destroy natural wetlands; avoidance of damage to 

natural systems should be emphasized. 

Reubsamen, R. N. "National Marine Fisheries Service efforts in Texas to tailor 

mitigation to specific wetland types." In: Proceedin~s of the National Wetland 

Svm~os . . ium: Wtlgation of Irn~acts and Losses. in New Orleans. LA, New Orleans, LA: 

Assoc. State Wetl. Manag., 424-425, 1986. 

This paper briefly summarizes the NMFS perspective toward mitigation for 

loss of wetlands in Texas. Avoidance of impacts on natural wetlands is the goal. When that 

is not possible, replacement by creation or restoration of in-kind wetland habitat of equal or 

greater size is sought. The replacement wetland should be located as close to the impacted 

wetland as practical (without itself becoming impacted). Increased manpower will be needed 

to review permit applications to alter wetlands (processed by the Corps of Engineers) and to 

monitor all the wetland mitigation efforts. Such monitoring is currently being accomplished 

for only a few projects. 

Riggs, S. "Distribution of Spar3ina alterniflom in Padilla Bay, Washington, in 

1991. " Washington Dept . Ecology, Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. 

Tech. Rep. 3, 63, 1992. 

The objectives of this study were to document the distribution and spread of 

Sparth alternzjlora in Padilla Bay, Washington. Baseline maps and data were available 

from a 1987 study by Wiggins and Binney (1987). Cordgrass stands that had been mapped 

in 1987 were mapped again in August and September, 1991. Comparing maps showed the 

cordgrass spread 1-2 mlyr. Area surveys also located several additional stands of S. 

altemijlora. The total area now covered was estimated at 4.8 ha compared with about 2.7 ha 

four years earlier. Only very minor die-back was found in central portions of some of the 

stands, and Salicornia virginica was found inhabiting those areas. There was still no 

evidence of flowering by S. altemijlora in Padilla Bay. (Note: Although not included in this 

report, S. Riggs informed us that 1992 was an extra warm summer for Padilla Bay, and that 

S. alternzjlora did flower.) 

The impact of S. altemzjlora in the estuaries of Washington is considerable. 

Studies are needed to examine the function of cordgrass in the northwest. 

Roberts, T. H.. "Habitat value of man-made coastal marshes in Florida." In: 

$ixteenth a~ual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. in Plant Citv. FL,, 

ed. F. J. Webb, Jr., Plant City, FL.: Hillsborough Commun. College, 157-179, 1989. 

This study was undertaken to determine the quality of man-made wetlands as 

habitat for fish and wildlife, and therefore, the effectiveness of marsh creation as mitigation 

for losses of coastal wetlands. Fish, bird, and mammal populations at 21 man-made, 
48 Bibliography 

established, coastal marshes of various ages and 6 natural marshes were sampled and 

compared for similarities. The majority of the sites were dominated by Sparth alternijlora. 

Created marshes were located throughout northern and central Florida and ranged in age 

from approximately 1 to 10 years old. Vegetation characteristics were highly variable, but 

man-made sites that were properly planned, constructed, and maintained, were considered to 

serve as viable habitat for animals normally associated with natural coastal marsh systems. 

Factors influencing site use by various animal groups, and suggestions for the design of 

future mitigation efforts are discussed. 

A quantitative comparison of aquatic animal utilization in created vs. natural 

marshes was not possible with the data presented. Sampling methods used in the study were 

not quantitative, and variability in characteristics of the different marshes (size, 

configuration, location, etc.) may have influenced the results. However, results show 

qualitatively that established man-made wetlands have the ability to support the same animal 

species as natural wetlands. - 

Roberts, T. H. "Habitat value of man-made coastal marshes in Florida." 

Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Corps Eng., Waterways Experiment Station. Tech. Rep. 

WRP-RE-2, 42, 1991. 

The objectives of the study were to determine the effectiveness of marsh 

creation as mitigation for losses of natural coastal marshes along Florida's Gulf and Atlantic 

coasts. Only 55% (21 of 38) of the man-made Sparha alternzjlora marshes visited in 

Florida estuaries were identifiable or deemed successful enough to be sampled; 1 man-made 

Juncus marsh was also studied. The marshes ranged in size from 0.004 to 2.8 ha, and were 

compared with four Spartina and two Juncus natural marshes that ranged in size from 0.20 

to 3.2 ha. The 22 man-made marshes ranged in age from 1 to 10 years old, but 7 were 1-2 

yr old, 6 were 2-3 yr old, and 6 were 3-5 yr old. Data were gathered on soil characteristics 

such as substrate texture, particle size and organic content from 3 to 5 samples per site. 

Vegetation was sampled using stratified random transects with the point-intercept method, 

and data on species composition, percent cover, stem density, and height of Spartinu plants 

were obtained. Below-ground biomass of Spartina was measured from 7-cm-diameter cores 

taken to a depth of 18 cm. Fish data were collected using fyke nets (2 per site), Breder 

traps, and a Wegener Ring net. The fyke nets were set at high tide, and fish and motile 

invertebrates were collected as they left the marsh with the ebbing water. The Wegener Ring 

net was used to collect fish in tidal channels in some marshes. Birds were surveyed in each 

marsh on three consecutive days, and bird calls were also identified and recorded. Mammals 

were trapped at each site using Sherman Box and Museum Special Snap traps, one each per 

station, 5-7 stations per marsh, and two nights in each marsh. Tracks and other signs of 

larger mammals were also noted. 

Sufficiently large variability was found in the data for each variable sampled in 

each age group of man-made marshes that no differences could be detected among the age 

groups. The author attributed much of the variability to marsh size and shape. Organic 

matter averaged from 0.2 to 10.1 % in the man-made marshes, and showed no statistically 

significant increase with age (I"=0.04). Spartim alternzjlora cover in the man-made marshes 

ranged from 40% on a 2 yr old site to 80% on a 1 yr old site, and averaged about 60% for 

all. Many marshes had other species of plants growing in adjacent zones, and these added an 
Bibliography 49 

average of 10% to the total marsh cover for the sites. Below-ground biomass estimates 

ranged from 831-3,429 glm' among man-made marshes and varied widely among sites. The 

minor correlation found between the age of a marsh and its below-ground biomass (1"=0.14) 

did not appear to be significant. Only 50% of the man-made marshes supported marshdependent birds, and abundances were relatively low when birds were observed. Size and 

configuration of the man-made marshes were limiting, as were nearby development activities 

that appeared to be intolerable for the birds. Raccoons and marsh rabbits were found using 

about 30% of the man-made and natural marshes. Small mammals such as the cotton rat, 

rice rat, Norway rat, black rat, and house mouse were collected in man-made marshes. 

Their use of the marshes was probably influenced more by vegetation and nearby source of 

colonists than by age of the marsh. 

Many of the fish species found in natural marshes were found in the man-made 

marshes. Again, no correlation was found between similarity index values (of the fish 

communities in a man-made marsh and the nearby natural marsh), and the ages of the manmade marshes (r2=0.003). Most man-made marshes had three to five of the common eight 

species characteristic of natural marshes. Abundances in the man-made marshes were within 

the range of the natural marshes. Because the sampling was not quantitative in the sense that 

it could provide numbers of fish per m' of marsh, the abundance values were only taken as 

general indicators of marsh use. Other aquatic macroinvertebrates found in both man-made 

and natural marshes included Littorina irrorata and Uca spp. Again, there was great site-tosite variation in abundances of these animals. 

This report points out the great variability in man-made and natural marshes. 

This variability makes if difficult to generalize from a study of only one or two marshes. 

The study also points out the difficulties in obtaining quantitative samples of marsh fauna; 

despite the use of multiple gears to sample fish and motile invertebrates, quantitative 

comparisons could not be made among marshes. Causes for differences among all the 

marshes were not obvious, though size, shape, and surroundings were likely sources for 

differences. 

An important finding of this study was that established techniques to create or 

restore Spartinu alternijlora marshes frequently appeared to be neglected, improper elevation 

of the substrate and a lack of protection from erosive waves were common in created 

marshes. Even when marsh creation was successful, other infringements and destructive acts 

were common when almost any other use could be made of the marsh or the adjacent land. 

Only by carefully incorporating species habitat requirements into project design, and locating 

wetlands where their habitat value can be realized, will mitigation efforts be fruitful and the 

loss of natural wetlands be offset. 

Sacco, J. "Infaunal community development of artificially established salt 

marshes in North Carolina." Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University., 1989. 

Benthic infaunal populations were examined at six locations along the North 

Carolina coast; at each location, a transplanted Spartina alterniflora marsh was sampled 

along with a nearby natural marsh. The created marshes ranged from 1 to 17 years of age. 

The six locations differed in tidal range, salinity, and substrate composition. Infauna were 

dominated by annelid worms; polychaetes made up over 53% and oligochaetes 35% of the 

infauna in samples. Taxonomic composition and trophic diversity appeared similar among 
50 Bibliography 

the marshes, but infaunal densities were generally lower in the transplanted salt marshes. 

Sediment organic matter was also lower in created marshes. There appeared to be a 

relationship between high organic matter and high infaunal densities, but this relationship 

varied with local conditions. There was no apparent relationship between marsh age and the 

development of the infaunal community. 

Sampling in natural marshes was conducted along the entire elevational range 

within the marsh, while sampling in created marshes was restricted to the original area of 

planting. Because elevation affects infaunal densities, this sampling regime may have 

affected results. 

Seneca, E. D. and S. W. Broome. "Restoring tidal marshes in North Carolina 

and France." In: Restoring the nation's marine environment, ed. G. W. Thayer. 53-78. 

College Park: Maryland Sea Grant College, 1992. 

This review article covers various techniques used to restore and create tidal 

marshes. The important factors discussed include site selection, elevation, slope, tidal range, 

wave climate, salinity, soil properties, cultural practices, sedimentation, wildlife impacts, 

post-planting maintenance, and traffic. The authors conclude that the primary goal of most 

wetland projects is to assist the system so that it can eventually attain functional equivalency 

with a natural wetland. The initial objective, therefore, is to restore the dominant emergent 

vegetation. These macrophytes then serve as substrata for other organisms, produce organic 

matter for the food web, provide habitat for organisms, and buffer shorelines from waves. 

Macrophytes also cycle nutrients and trap and stabilize sediments. Thus, establishment of a 

thriving macrophyte stand provides the basis for establishing fish and wildlife functions. 

These functions may or may not follow, but the establishment of the macrophytes is a key 

step in any restoration or creation project. 

Seneca, E. D., S. W. Broome, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "Comparison of 

Spartina altern@bm Loisel transplants from different locations in a man-initiated marsh 

in North Carolina." Wetlands 5 (1985): 181-190. 

The objectives of this study were to determine how height form and latitude of 

origin might--influence the variability of Spanina alternijlora when plants are transplanted to 

other sites as they are in restoration projects. Plants from four locations (short and tall 

forms from Beaufort) were transplanted on 0.9-m centers in a randomized split-plot design 

planting at the southem-most site. The grow-out site was a recently deposited (60 days prior 

to planting) area of dredged material that was 96% sand, 1 % silt and 3% clay. Height, 

basal area, aboveground dry weight, culm density, and number of flower heads were 

measured periodically over five growing seasons. 

Results showed that height and time of flowering of each location-type were 

maintained at the new site for several growing seasons. However, under the influence of 

elevation, the short form became taller when grown at lower elevations, and the tall form 

became shorter when grown at higher elevations. Within two growing seasons, the 

transplanted marsh had the standing crop equal to local natural marshes. Results also showed 

that yearly standing crop could vary as much as 45% in the transplanted marsh, which was 

the same as has been found for natural marshes. This variability should be considered in 

evaluating the success of a restored or created marsh. 
Bibliography 

Seneca, E. D., S. W. Broome, and W. W. Woodhouse, Jr. "The influence of 

duration-of-inundation on development of a man-initiated S~artina alterniflom Loisel 

marsh in North Carolina." J. EXD. Mar. Biol. Ecol, 94 (1985): 2'59-268. 

This study was conducted in a Spartina altemijlora salt marsh that was planted 

in 1971 near Snow's Cut in North Carolina. Above-ground growth parameters measured 

included plant height, culm density, dry weight, basal area, and the number of flowers. 

Below-ground biomass was also measured. These growth parameters were measured at 

different elevations that corresponded to daily tidal flooding durations of 4, 7, 9, and 11 

hours. The marsh was sampled during growing seasons 2, 3, 4, 5, and 12. During the 

second growing season, maximum above-ground growth occurred in the 7-h inundation zone. 

During growing seasons three through five, all growth variables generally increased with 

tidal inundation. By the twelfth growing season, S. altemifora was completely displaced in 

the 4-h inundation zone by other marsh plants. S. altemijlora maintained dominance in the 9 

and 11-h inundation zones and spread into areas of even lower elevation than originally 

planted. 

Shisler, J. K. "Creation and restoration of the coastal wetlands of the 

northeastern United States." In: Wetland creation and restoration: The status of the 

1

S ien e. 1 eds. J. A. Kusler and M. 

E. Kentula. 145-174. Corvallis: U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, 1989. 

This chapter characterizes the wetlands in the northeastern U.S., and describes 

the types of wetland restoration activities prevalent in that region. Most of the intertidal 

zone in salt and brackish marshes is dominated by smooth cordgrass, Spartina altemijlora. 

The area just above the intertidal zone is dominated by saltmarsh cordgrass, Spartina patens, 

mixed with some salt grass, Distichlis spicata. Several thousand hectares of this upper zone 

was diked off from tidal flows and the area used to grow salt hay (a combination of Spartina 

patens, Distichlis spicata, and Juncur gerardii). A couple of thousand hectares have recently 

been reopened to tidal circulation, but on a controlled-flow basis so the areas can be 

managed for waterfowl. 

Factors to be considered in the design of creation or restoration projects are 

briefly described in this chapter. Some of the factors are: location of the project, hydrology 

at the site, topography of the site (elevation, slope, size), texture and quality of the substrate, 

species of plants to be used (matched to the environmental parameters expected from the 

design), adequacy of buffer zones, protection from pests, and degree of monitoring that will 

be required for success. 

Research is needed to make restoration projects even more successful than they 

have been. Fourteen topics for research are given. Some concern plant species 

environmental requirements, tolerances of transplanting practices, and propagation potential. 

Other topics range from understanding pest control to simple developing a decent inventory 

of the wetlands. 

Sinicrope, T. L., P. G. Hine, R. S. Warren, and W. A. Niering. "Restoration of 

an impounded salt marsh in New England." Estuaries 13 (1990): 25-30. 
52 Bibliography 

Vegetation changes of a tidal marsh in Stonington, CT, were documented for a 

20 ha marsh 9 years after the reintroduction of tidal flushing. Vegetation was examined in 

aerial photography by comparing data from a study of the area by Hebard in 1976, with data 

obtained in 1986. Hebard's transects were then revisited in 1987 and 1988 to determine 

current coverage by species using the same line intercept method. Two extensions were 

added to transects T-3 and T-4 to cover what were previously mudflats. 

Typha angusti~olia decreased from 74 % to 16 % coverage, due to increased 

salinities over much of the area. Phragmites australis increased slightly as some of the 

Typha began dying out, but it too was exhibiting signs of stress in its stunted new growth. 

Spartina alternzj7ora increased from < 1 % coverage to 45 % , invading much of the mudflats 

and intertidal area vacated by Typha. High marsh species such as Distichlis spicata, Spartina 

patens, Juncus gerardi, and Salicomia europaea also increased in areas upland from the S. 

altemijlora zone. 

No systematic survey of the marsh and creek was made to document changes 

in utilization by aquatic species. However, increased use by ducks, shorebirds, and 

migratory birds was noted. 

Soil Conservation Service. "Wetland restoration, enhancement, or creation. " In: 

Engineerinp Field Handbook, ed. Soil Conservation Service. 79. 13. Washington DC: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1992. 

This is chapter 13 in the US DOA Soil Conservation Service's Engineering 

Field Handbook. It discusses wetland processes, functions and characteristics, and describes 

(with example data) the planning that is needed for a successful restorationlcreation project. 

Consideration must be given to site selection, design, implementation, monitoring, and 

management. A wetland planning checklist is given in Appendix A, as is a monitoring site 

visit checklist in Appendix B. 

Steinke, T. J. "Hydrologic manipulation and restoring wetland values: Pine 

Creek, Fairfield, Co~ecticut." In: National wetland svm~osium: mitipation of impacts 

and losses. in New Orleans. LA, eds. J. A. Kusler, M. L. Quammen, and G. Brooks, 

New Orleans, LA: Assoc. State Wetland Managers, 377-383, 1986. 

This article presents a history of Pine Creek marsh in Fairfield, CT, and a 

description of the restoration activities associated with reestablishing tidal flows to this 

marsh. A detailed plan incorporated information about the area from hydrologists, 

biologists, public health officials, and civil engineers. The restoration began with 28 ha of 

an almost pure stand of 3-4 m tall Phragmites australis and has resulted in reestablishing the 

Sparhz patens upper marsh and the S. altemijlora lower marsh after only five years of tidal 

flow renewal. Restoration was accomplished by building new dikes containing self-regulated 

tide gates before removing the old dikes. The restoration has also maintained flood 

protection and has eliminated 25-30 annual peat and Phragmites fires that threatened adjacent 

homes. A greater variety of birds has been noted in the marsh, and hunting and fishing has 

increased. Another 81 ha of marsh is under consideration for restoration action. 

Stout, J. P. "Evaluation of coastal wetlands mitigation, Alabama." Alabama 

Dept. Environ. Management. Tech. Rep., 45,1990. 
Bibliography 53 

The objectives of this study were to evaluate coastal mitigation work in 

Alabama. Recommendations were made that should improve success rates of coastal wetland 

restorations. I 

Of 12 wetland mitigation sites visited: no mitigation work had been started in 

three, work was incomplete in one, three were failures, two showed partial success, and 

three were deemed successful. The survey found very little monitoring of this mitigation 

work, and in most cases little was done to correct deficiencies when they were discovered 

during monitoring. 

Problems with the mitigation system were varied. There was no standard 

format for a permit request that included all the needed information about a project to enable 

proper evaluation of the permit request. The limited documentation that was required was 

not routinely cataloged or available for examination and evaluation when needed. There was 

no central control or plan that could help direct mitigation efforts in Alabama. Such a plan 

or organization might act to preserve some of each kind of ecosystem in each - watershed. A 

list of 25 factors to include in a plan was included. 

Concern was expressed about a growing attitude that losses of natural wetlands 

could be mitigated by restoring or creating wetlands of equal value. The author suggested 

that we may be accepting a loss of valuable natural wetlands for equal areas of inferior 

quality created wetlands. Monitoring for 3-5 years after the restoration planting was 

recommended for marshes and submerged aquatic vegetation, and for 5-7 years for forested 

wetlands. There were 15 recommendations for monitoring which included photographic 

surveys from fixed markers and the use of aerial photos. Monitoring of vegetative, 

topographic, and hydrologic changes were also among the recommendations, along with 

utilization by waterfowl and aquatic fauna. 

Because failures are largely ignored at present, changes in the system are 

sorely needed. A detailed mitigation design plan with clearly stated goals should be required 

for a permit to be granted. Concerned agencies must find staff to perform the monitoring, 

and performance of the work required by the permit must be enforced. Innovative 

approaches for mitigating loss of wetlands should be pursued. The process of mitigating an 

acre-planted for an acre-used is resulting in lost wetland functions as well as loss of fish and 

wildlife and their habitat. 

Tanner, G. W. and J. D. Dodd. "Effects of phenological stage of Spartinu 

alternimm transplant culms on stand development." Wetlands 4 (1985): 57-74. 

This study tested three phenological types of Spartina altemzjlora for 

differences in survival and growth when used for marsh creation. Plants were dug from 

three natural donor marshes that had seedling, dwarf-form, and tall-form stands of S. 

altemzjlora. Plantings were conducted at a dredged material site in Galveston Bay, Texas, 

and two substrates and three fertilizer treatments were also tested. Roots of all transplants 

were kept moist using wet burlap bags. Single culms were planted on 0.5-m centers in plots 

of 5 rows of 10 plants each. Treatments were configured in a randomized block design. 

The seedling phenotype had a moderately superior initial survival and more 

rapid tiller production and biomass accumulation than the other two phenotypes. Seedling 

culms came from a newly established natural stand of plants that was in the process of rapid 
54 Bibliography 

expansion itself, while the other phenotypes came from mature stands that were in 

equilibrium. 

The fine grain (silty) substrate supported more vegetative growth than the 

coarse grain (sandy) substrate, even though the sandy substrate had slightly better initial 

survival. Fertilizers had no apparent effects, but the root-stimulator treatment killed a 

significant number of transplants. 

Thayer, G. W., ed. Restorin? the Nation's Marine Environment. College Park, 

MD: University of Maryland Sea Grant College Program and DOC/NOAA/National 

Marine Fisheries Service, 1992. 

This book brings together current philosophies, techniques, and 

recommendations for preserving, restoring, enhancing, and creating many kinds of habitats in 

the marine environment. Chapters on salt marsh restoration in southern California by Joy 

Zedler and in N. Carolina and France by Ernest Seneca and Stephen Broome emphasized the 

need to use appropriate techniques in the restoration and creation tidal marshes. Such 

techniques included detailed plans that considered many variables such as: site selection, 

elevation, slope, tidal range, wave climate, salinity, soil physical and chemical properties, 

sedimentation, variety of vegetation to be planted, and protective measures against herbivory 

and trampling. 

Questions remained about how to restore all the functions associated with 

natural marshes. A particular concern was for restoration of faunal population dynamics, 

not just the habitat. Various studies indicated 2-10 years may be required for faunal 

dynamics of a created marsh to match those of a neighboring natural marsh. Long term 

marsh studies were expected to yield answers, and were recommended. 

Underwood, S. G., G. D. Steyer, B. Good, and D. Chambers. "Bay bottom 

terracing and vegetative planting: an innovative approach for habitat and water quality 

enhancement." In: Proceedings of the ei~hteenth annual conference on wetland 

restoration and creation. in Hillsborough. FL, ed. F. J. Webb, Jr. Hillsborough, FL: 

Hillsborough Community College, 164-173, 1991. 

-- This paper presented the results of a project to prevent further shoreline and 

marsh erosion by waves, and to increase water quality in three ponds in a marsh along the 

north shore of Calcasieu Lake in the Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana. There 

were 128 shallow bay terraces constructed and laid out in a checkerboard design in the 

ponds. Spartina alternz~ora was planted on both sides of the terraces to stabilize them, trap 

sediment, and reduce the size of the wind generated waves. Preliminary results indicated 

reduced water turbidity in the terraced ponds, reduced size of wind generated waves in the 

ponds (greatly reduced fetch due to terraces), and good growth of cordgrass to stabilize the 

terraces. 

The terracing technique may prove very useful in other areas of Louisiana for 

reestablishing marsh. Marshes that are subsiding may benefit greatly from terracing. 

US Army Corps of Engineers. Engineerin9 and Design. Environmental 

En~ineerinp for Coastal Protection. Vol. EM 1110-2-1204. Washington DC: U.S. Army 

Corps of Engineers, 1989. 
Bibliography 55 

This manual provides guidance in environmental engineering for the protection 

of coastal areas. It summarizes information about various means of protecting shores, 

including the use of Spartinu alternzjlora marshes to reduce erosion. Sampling techniques 

are given for use in monitoring the effects of various projects. I 

Watzin, M. C. and J. G. Gosselink. "The fragile fringe: coastal wetlands of the 

continental United States." Louisiana Sea Grant College Program, Louisiana State 

University, Baton Rouge, LA; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC; and 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD. 1992. 

This report is an informative presentation of the nature and value of coastal 

wetlands in a popular format. It gives definitions, functions and needs, illustrated by 

examples that will help anyone to better understand the values of coastal wetlands and why 

their preservation is important. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. "Establishment of vegetation for shoreline stabilization in 

Galveston Bay, Texas." Ph.D., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 1977. 

The objectives of this research were to isolate and test plant species that would 

stabilize bay shorelines, to develop planting technology, to test wave-stilling devices, and to 

calculate a time-effort budget for a transplanting project. The study area was the north 

shoreline of East Bay, on the Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Chambers County, Texas. 

This area had an eroding bank that was receding at 1-2 mlyr. The soil was classified as 

loam or clay-loam texture, structurally unstable and subject to erosion. Thirteen plant 

species, two wave-stilling devices, and three planting techniques were tested. 

Spanina alternzjlora was the most successful species in the intertidal zone 

below MHW, but it required protection from wave impact. Wave-stilling fences of hay bales 

contained in chicken wire and in 14-gage welded mesh wire were unsuccessful. Tires on 

cables held in place by metal posts were somewhat successful, but lost effectiveness when 

they partially sank into the substrate. Spartinu spartilure and Spartina patens were the most 

successful above MHW. Fertilizer was beneficial to plant growth in a natural marsh 

(control), but showed no significant benefit to the planted blocks. 

Seeding an area failed to establish plants. Hand planting of tillers or culms - 

was effective when protected by the wave stilling device (tire fence). Mechanical planting of 

tillers was also successful at low tide and behind a wave-stilling device. 

Mechanical grading down of the banks to a smooth slope for establishing the 

planted marsh was not useful. Erosion of the loosened substrate occurred within several 

months. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. "Salt marshes of the western Gulf of Mexico." In: Creation 

and restoration of coastal ~lant communities, ed. R. R. Lewis, III. 89-110. Boca Raton, 

FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1982. 

This chapter reviews coastal salt marsh restoration and creation activities in the 

western Gulf of Mexico. There are six sections to the chapter which give excellent coverage 

to the topic. They include descriptions of: the plant community, the various levels of 

productivity of the salt marsh, the loss of this habitat through modification, specific projects, 

recommended techniques, and research needs. 
56 Bibliography 

The coastal marsh plant community in the western Gulf is quite similar in 

species composition to that along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. Smooth cordgrass, Spartina 

altemzjZora, is the dominant species intertidally. It grows best from MLW to MHW. At a 

slightly higher elevation Distichlis spicam (salt grass) occurs. Overlapping Distichlis and 

moving slightly higher still, Spartina patens (saltmeadow cordgrass) is found, sometimes 

forming broad meadows. The higher margins of the salt meadows are shared with Scirpus 

maritimus (leafy threesquare), Scirpus olneyi (Olney bulrush), Borrichia jhtescens (sea 

oxeye daisy), Monanthochloe littoralis (salt flat grass), Limnium carolinanum (sea 

lavender), Batis mantima (saltwort), Salicomia bigelovii (annual glasswort), Salicomia 

virginica (virginia or perennial glasswort), and Zva jhtescens (bigleaf sumpweed or marsh 

elder) which often form clumps in this infrequently flooded area. 

These salt marshes are very productive areas. Production of Spartha 

alternijZora can be 500 to 2800 g/m2/yr. Much of this production supplies the beginning 

material for a detritus based food web. The marshes act as feeding habitat that also offers 

protection for juvenile fish, shrimp and crabs of economic importance. Coastal marshes also 

serve as permanent habitat for otters, muskrats, nutrias, raccoons, and alligators, as well as 

winter habitat for thousands of ducks and geese. 

Salt marshes are being lost every year through natural and man-induced 

causes. Subsidence and erosion are the two main natural causes, but man is contributing to 

these also. Dredging and filling operations are man's chief means of altering salt marshes. 

Now, sea level rise will add to the loss of salt marshes because much of the land on the 

higher side of the marshes is blocked. Thus, many of the marshes cannot migrate up the 

slope as the sea rises. 

Eleven transplant projects are reviewed. Each gives insights and discoveries 

that led to improved restoration techniques. Tips on successful techniques are offered, 

among these were: 1. Select the proper species of plant for the elevation in the project area. 

2. If possible, put transplants in the ground the same day as they are dug, and keep their 

roots moist at all times during the transfer. 3. Planting depth should be sufficient to allow 

the roots to extend normally. 4. Protect planting area from excessive wave energy by using 

a breakwater if necessary. 

Several research needs were mentioned. Research is needed to develop ways 

to make transplanting less expensive. Combinations of transplanting and seeding might be 

developed for large areas to cut the costs. Research on "edge-effect" is needed. Does 

increasing the edge in a marsh increase production of fish, shrimp and crabs? Finally, 

research is needed to develop low-cost reusable wavebreaks. 

In the ten years since this was written much research has been done, but many 

of the needs remain. The techniques given in the chapter are still used. Mitigation for loss 

of natural wetlands is not keeping up, and salt marsh is still being lost at a rapid rate in the 

western Gulf. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. "Soil water salinity variations and their effects on Spartina 

alterniflom." Contributions in Marine Science 26 (1983): 1-13. 

The effects of soil salinity on Spartina altemzj7ot-a were compared in a 

transplanted marsh and a natural marsh in the Galveston Bay area, Texas. soil salinity 

increased with elevation to a maximum at MHW, where it frequently reached 40 !%&I. Highs 
Bibliography 57 

of 59 96O at the transplant site and 99 96O at the natural marsh site were found during the 

summer. The high salinity was damaging to Spartina altemijlora, and when combined with 

low soil moisture found above MHW was limiting to the cordgrass., High soil salinities were 

apparently caused by evaporation between tidal cycles. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. and J. D. Dodd. "Wave-protected versus unprotected 

transplantings on a Texas bay shoreline." Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 38 

(1983): 363-366. 

Shoreline erosion is a dominant feature along many Texas bays. Spartina 

altemijlora has been planted along some stretches and effectively controlled further erosion. 

The objectives of this study were to see if a wave-stilling device would aid in establishment 

of transplanted salt marsh plants in an area where wave action was erosive, and to see at 

what elevations the various species of plants might become established. 

The study site was along the north shoreline of East Bay in the Galveston Bay 

System, Texas. A 60-m stretch of shore bank was graded down to a 10%-slope. The area 

was planted, but washed out within a few months. The area was re-graded to a 2% slope. 

A cable with tires threaded on it was suspended from poles driven into the bay bottom to act 

as a wave-stilling device. Plants were transplanted to the area, but within a few months the 

waves had washed them out again. The tires had sank partially, and waves were able to pass 

over them with minimum decrease in energy. A second string of tires was added, and the 

area replanted. 

The two-tire cable was sufficient to break most of the wave action, and 

Spartina altemzjlora survival was good (about 70% at the best elevation) after the first year. 

Spartina spartinae, Spartina patens, and Distichlis spicata also did well, surviving above 

mean high water much better than S. altemijlora. 

After the tire line was removed there was some erosion of the Spartina 

altemifora, but most of the marsh survived to prevent further erosion. The other species 

also acted to protect the shore at higher elevations, and were shown to be valuable in beach 

stabilization projects. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. and J. D. Dodd. "Spartina altern@bm response to fertilizer, 

planting dates, and elevation in Galveston Bay, Texas." Wetlands 9 (1989): 61-72. 

This study tested date, fertilizer rates, and elevation as they affected survival 

and growth of Spartina altemijlora transplants on a sandy dredged material deposition site on 

Bolivar Peninsula, Texas. Differences in seasonal tidal heights affected areas of best 

survival. Higher tides led to better survival at higher elevations (still below MHW). Better 

survival, tiller production, and growth was associated with the May planting versus the 

February planting. However, stem density was greater in the February planting area than in 

the May area after one full growing season despite the lower initial survival and tiller 

production. Fertilizer was of no apparent benefit. The use of a two-season planting was 

suggested where large expanses need to be covered. The lower elevations could be planted 

during the winter when water levels are usually lower, and the upper elevations could be 

planted during the spring when water levels are usually higher. 
58 Bibliography 

Webb, J. W., Jr., J. D. Dodd, A. T. Weichert, and B. H. Koerth. "Spa&nu 

aZtern@bm response to fertilizer rates, planting dates, and elevation in Galveston Bay, 

Texas. " In: fi ari 

New Orleans. LA, ed. N. V. Brodtmann, Jr., New Orleans, LA: , 379-399,1985. 

This study tested date, fertilizer rates, and elevation as they affected survival 

and growth of Sparthz alternijlora transplants on a sandy dredged material deposition site on 

Bolivar Peninsula, Texas. Differences in seasonal tidal heights affected areas of best 

survival. Higher tides led to better survival at higher elevations--but below MHW. Better 

survival, tiller production, and growth was associated with the May planting versus the 

February planting. However, stem density was greater in the February planting area than in 

the May area after one full growing season despite the lower initial survival and tiller 

production. Fertilizer had no apparent effect. 

Webb, J. W., Jr., M. C. Landii, and H. H. Allen. "Approaches and techniques 

for wetlands development and restoration of dredged material disposal sites." In: 

National wetland svmposium: mitiration of im~acts and losses. in New Orleans. LA, 

eds. J. A. Kusler, M. L. Quammen, and G. Brooks, New Orleans, LA: Assoc. State 

Wetland Managers, Inc., 132-134, 1986. 

The possibilities of using dredged material and Spartinu alternzjZora to create 

salt marshes and stabilized shorelines are discussed. Techniques that have been tried and 

have shown promise are mentioned. Particular note is made of the erosion control mats with 

sprigs of Spartina planted through slits in the mat material. Breakwaters were found 

essential in areas of high wave energy. 

Webb, J. W., Jr. and C. J . Newling. "Comparison of natural and man-made 

salt marshes in Galveston Bay complex, Texas." Wetlands 4 (1985): 75-86. 

The vegetation of a man-made Spartina alternijlora marsh planted in 1976 on 

Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, was compared with three natural marshes in the Galveston Bay 

complex in 1978 and 1979. Samples for the analysis of above-ground biomass, live stem 

density, dead stem density, stem height, percent cover, and species composition were 

collected from 0.5 m2 quadrats that were randomly placed along elevational transects. 

Below-ground biomass was collected in the same quadrats using about 8-10 cm diameter 

corers; core depths were 25 and 30 cm. 

Spartina altemijlora dominated the sites below mean high water, but other 

plants (Salicornia bigelovii, Spurtina patens, Batis rnaritima, Sporobolus virginicus, and 

Distichlis spicata) were more important above mean high water. The above-ground biomass 

of S. alternijlora and other species at Bolivar was within the variability shown among the 

three natural marshes. However, live biomass of S. alternzjlora was significantly greater in 

1978 in the man-made marsh than in the natural marshes. This difference was caused by 

greater stem heights in the created marsh which more than compensated for the generally 

lower stem densities. 

At the lower elevations where S. altemiJora dominated, below-ground 

biomass was generally much lower in the man-made marsh than in the natural marshes. 

However, this biomass increased from 1978 to 1979. At the higher elevations, where other 
Bibliography 59 

species dominated, below-ground biomass at the created marsh was within the range of the 

natural marshes. 

Overall, this study indicated that production of abovpground biomass in a 2-3 

year old created salt marsh was comparable to production in nearby natural marshes. Belowground biomass and species composition were changing in the created marsh, becoming more 

similar to the natural marshes of the area. 

Wiggins, J. and E. Biiey. "A baseline study of the distribution of Spartina 

Qlterniflom in Padilla Bay." Washington Dept. Ecology, Padilla Bay National Estuarine 

Research Reserve. Reprint Series 7, 28, 1987. 

The objective of this study was to document the distribution of Spartina 

alternijZora in Padilla Bay, Washington. It is thought that S. alterniflora was transplanted 

into southern Padilla Bay sometime in the early 1960's. Stands of Sparthz were located by 

walking the shoreline of all known salt marsh areas of the bay. Seven major stands were 

found in addition to the extensive stand on Dike Island, all still in southern Padilla Bay. The 

smaller stands were located south and east of Dike Island. All were mapped. There were 

also several small clumps (about 1 m2 each) of S. alternzjlora recorded in Telegraph Slough. 

The mapped area comprised over 2.4 ha. The elevation of the growing cordgrass ranged 

from 2.5 to 3.6 m above MLLW. Salicornia virginica intermixed with S. alternzjlora at the 

higher elevation, and continued into the higher marsh where it was mixed with Distichlis 

spicata. 

Based on comparisons of aerial photographs from 1968 and 1978, the spread 

of Spartina alternzjlora in Padilla Bay appears to have been vegetative. It also appears that 

clumps may break off during storms, be transported onto other adjacent mudflats, and 

become established if the elevation is correct. 

Williams, S. L. and J. B. Zedler. "Restoring sustainable coastal ecosystems on 

the Pacific coast: Establishing a research agenda." California Sea Grant College. Rep. 

T-CSGCP-026, 19, 1992. 

This report lists prioritized research needs for Pacific coastal ecosystems, 

particularly estuarine wetlands. Priority weights were the averages of priorities determined 

by 15 scientists (most were from the West coast) who are familiar with coastal ecosystems 

and restoration potential. A prioritization was felt necessary to promote research in areas 

deemed critical for the perpetuation of coastal wetland ecosystems along the West coast. The 

West coast has probably lost 50% of its coastal estuarine wetlands already. 

There were 25 research needs spread among four topics. Habitat specificity of 

organisms, habitat function determinants, and population dynamics were leaders in the 

conservation of biodiversity topic. Hydrology of the coastal wetlands was primary among 

physical processes research needs. Nutrient dynamics and establishing water quality criteria 

for vegetation were most important in water quality research. Habitat architecture, site 

selection criteria, and monitoring and evaluation of success were key needs under restoration 

research. 

Wilsey, B. J., K. L. McKee, and I. A. Mendelssohn. "Effects of increased 

elevation and macro- and micronutrient additions on Spartina ailerniflorn transplant 
60 Bibliography 

success in salt-marsh dieback areas in Louisiana." Environmental Mana~ement 16 

(1992) : 505-511. 

Extensive areas of salt marshes in coastal Louisiane are suffering dieback due 

to compaction, subsidence, and lack of sediment additions. The objectives of this study were 

to test elevation of the substrate and nutrient enhancement in an area of Spartinu alternijlora 

degradation and dieback to see if the marsh could be restored by transplanting more S. 

alternzjlora into the area given certain environmental modifications. 

The test areas were dieback salt marshes in the lower Barataria Basin near 

Caminada Bay, Louisiana. Five sites, two elevations (0 and +30 cm), two macronutrient 

treatments (N, P, K; with and without), and two micronutrient treatments (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn; 

with and without) were tested. One plant of S. alternijlora was used for each treatment at 

each site. All plants selected and dug from the nearby donor site were the same size. 

After four months (i.e. on Nov. 17, 1989) the S. altemiflora in the elevated 

plots had twice the above-ground biomass and significantly more culms than the normal 

substrate level plots. The elevated plots were at the same height as the nearby, vigorously 

growing, S. alternijlora that lined the banks of the channels. Micronutrient addition 

appeared to inhibit growth, while macronutrient addition promoted growth only in the 

elevated plots. In these plots macronutrients increased culm density by about 61% over 

controls. 

This paper reinforces the importance of planting at proper elevations in marsh 

restoration projects. Although elevations should generally match those of the nearest natural 

marsh, this study makes it clear that one should match elevations carefully, and should look 

to match the elevations of most vigorous growth in the natural marsh. The vigorous-growth 

area may be above the average elevation of the marsh. 

Wolf, R. B., L. C. Lee, and R. R. Sharitz. "Wetland creation and restoration in 

the United States from 1970 to 1985: An annotated bibliography." Wetlands 6 (1986): 1- 

88. 

This annotated bibliography covers studies concerning creation and restoration 

of salt and freshwater wetlands that were published between 1970 and 1985, and contains 

304 citations accompanied by very brief annotations. Many of the cited studies are on the 

use of Spartinu alternflora in marsh creation or restoration activities. This bibliography will 

be useful in finding earlier articles about S. alternijlora restorations, or articles with a 

slightly different subject emphasis than our bibliography. 

Woodhouse, W. W., Jr. "Building salt marshes along the coasts of the 

continental United States." Fort Belvoir, VA: U.S. Army Corps Eng., Coastal Eng. 

Res. Cent. Spec. Rep. 4, 96, 1979. 

This report provides basic information about coastal marshes of the United 

States. Included are descriptions of the types of marshes, types of marsh plants, site 

requirements for establishing marshes, and plant propagation techniques. Also included are 

descriptions of planting and fertilizing techniques and their costs. 
Bibliography 61 

Woodhouse, W. W., Jr. and P. L. Knutson. "Atlantic coastal marshes." In: 

Creation and restoration of coastal ~lant communitia, ed. R. R. Lewis, III. 45-70. Boca 

Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1982. 

This chapter reviews various facets of salt marshes dong the Atlantic coast of 

the U.S. There is a brief description of the loss of salt marshes and the need for their 

preservation. Much information is given to aid in creating or restoring salt marshes. 

Dominant coastal marsh plant species are discussed as to their shape, habitat, reproductive 

potential and timing, and as to techniques for harvesting, propagating, and culturing some of 

the species. The important species include: Spartina altemijlora (smooth cordgrass), 

Spartina patens (saltmeadow cordgrass), Juncus roemerianus (black needle rush), Distichlis 

spicata (saltgrass), Spartim cymsuroides (big cordgrass), and Phragmites australis (common 

reed). Planting procedures are described, and their costs estimated. A typical marsh 

creation project using Spartina alternijlora sprigs placed on 1-m centers requires about 

10,000 sprigs and 100 man-hours to plant one hectare. This estimate does not include the 

planning and coordinating, obtaining of transplant material, nor the transport of material to 

the project site. - 

Recommendations are given for selecting a site, checking the soil, preparing 

the grade and elevation, selecting the planting time, and protecting the planted site. 

Protection must be established against grazing animals and trampling animals, including man 

and his off-road vehicles. Protection may also be necessary from erosive action by wind and 

wind and boat waves. The end product of a marsh creation project will be evaluated not 

only by the vegetation developed, but also by the wildlife and fisheries species that use the 

planted marsh as habitat. 

Zedler, J. B. "Canopy architecture of natural and planted cordgrass marshes: 

selecting habitat evaluation criteria." Ecolo~ical ADDlications 3 (1993): 123-138. 

Nesting requirements of the Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris 

levipes) were determined from its natural marsh habitat. Selected habitat criteria were 

identified for use in evaluating the value of created marshes as habitat for this bird. Height 

distribution and density of Spartina foliosa (California cordgrass) were preferred over percent 

cover for characterizing canopy architecture. Percent cover was found to be too subjective. 

The bird appears to require a density of Spartim foliosa of at least 100 

stems/m2. Also, the required height frequency distribution of the stems has at least 90 stems 

over 60 cm tall, and of these at least 30 stems over 90 cm tall. Greater densities and taller 

plants make even better habitat. The size of the marsh is also important. The rail appears to 

need 0.8-1.6 ha of marsh with the specified architecture for its home range. There are 

additional requirements for the birds to use a marsh even if it appears to meet the vegetation 

requirements mentioned, but these other requirements have not yet been discovered. 

Several associated recommendations were made based on work and 

observations made during this study. Destructive sampling of the cordgrass should be 

avoided; every stem is valuable. Densities and height frequency distributions to characterize 

a marsh should be based on 0.25 mZ (or larger) quadrats. Long-term monitoring, 20 years, 

is recommended because establishment of planted marshes may meet the criteria for success 

for a year or two and fail thereafter. 
Bibliography 

Zedler, J. B., J. Covin, C. Nordby, P. Williams, and J. Boland. "Catastrophic 

events reveal the dynamic nature of salt-marsh vegetation in southern California." 

Ecoloev 9 (1986): 75-80. 

Recent hydrological anomalies (flooding, dry-season' stream flows, and 

droughts) were shown to greatly alter coastal wetland habitats in southern California in a sixyear (1979-1984) study of the Tijuana Estuary. Permanent sampling sites (102) were set at 

5-m intervals along 8 transects in lower intertidal marsh that was dominated by Sparnmna 

foliosa. During normally dry years (1979, 1981, 1982) interstitial soil salinities were 

between 35 and 45 9i'i , but during years with wet winters and rare flooding (1980 and 1983) 

interstitial salinities dropped to between 15 and 35 %O . During an extremely dry year 

(1984) the interstitial salinity reached 1049i'i in September. S. foliosa reacted to these 

changes by increased growth during fresher years by mainly increased stem length when the 

freshwater inflow occurred early in the year (1980), and mainly by increased numbers of 

stems when freshwater inflow occurred later (1983). S. foliosa also responded quickly to the 

drought in 1984 with reduced stem density (62% from that found in1983 or 28% from that 

found in the other years) and reduced stem heights (50% from 1983 and 30% from other 

years). 

The study showed the importance ofsoil salinity in governing rates and types 

of growth of western cordgrass. Variations in tidal circulation and weather were also found 

to be important for marsh growth and establishment. Long-term dynamics of a salt marsh 

should be understood before the marsh is used as a reference site or as a site for restoration. 

Zedler, J. B., M. Josselyn, and C. Onuf. "Restoration techniques, research, and 

monitoring: vegetation.", pp 63-72 In: Wetland Restoration and Enhancement in 

California. in Havward. CA., ed. M. Josselyn, Hayward, CA.: California Sea Grant 

College Program, 1982. 

This article summarizes the goals and techniques most commonly associated 

with California coastal marsh and seagrass restorations, and it suggests items and actions for 

a follow-up monitoring program for such projects. The goals are the same as for Atlantic 

coast restorations, perhaps with the decreased need for shoreline stabilization and increased 

concern for increasing habitat diversity for additional wildlife support. Restoration 

techniques included a basic sequence of actions: map the site, develop a conceptual plan, 

develop a site plan with engineering features including hydraulics, do some test planting, 

develop a comprehensive planting design and map including any needed protective devices, 

describe a monitoring plan and a management plan based on results from monitoring, and 

finally, develop a plan to share the information about the results of the restoration project 

with others (researchers, restorers, creators, and the public). Suggestions for future 

restoration research included determination of: (1) optimal habitat sizes and configurations 

for wildlife utilization by various species, (2) the tidal and freshwater flushing requirements 

of marsh vegetation, (3) the nutrient requirements of the vegetation and impacts of nutrient 

load in waste waters, (4) rates of marsh establishment--natural colonization versus 

transplants, (5) the rela&ship between plant density, flushing, and mosquito control. 
Bibliography 

Author Index 

Allen 1-3, 58 

Athnos 4 

Auble 38 

Baca 4 

Banner 4 

Beeman 5 

Bemer 5 

Berger 6 

Bernstein 6 

Binney 59 

Blair 7 

Boland 62 

Bolton 7 

Bontje 7-8 

Boyd 8 

Brochu 5, 28 

Brooks 28 

Broome 9-12, 17-18, 50- 51 

Buffmgton 28 

Callaway 12 

Cammen 13-15 

Chabreck 15 

Chambers 54 

Clairain 1 

Cobb 16 

Colby 38 

Courtney 16 

Covin 17, 62 

Craft 17-18 

Crewz 18 

Cross 28 

Diaz 1 

Dodd 53, 57-58 

Earhart 19 - 

Eleuterius 20 

Espey Huston & Associates, 

Inc. 20-21 

Faber 2 1-22 

Farmer 32 

Florida Department of 

Environmental 

Regulation 22 

Fonseca 38 

Ford 1, 29 

Fowler 22, 25 

Frenkel 23 

Frye 22,25 

Gallagher 24 

Garbisch 19, 24 

Gill 20 

Good 54 

Gosselink 55 

Grant 24 

Griswold 27 

Gwin 28 

Hall 16 

Hardaway 22, 25 

Hartman 26 

Hill 22, 25 

Hine 51 

Hoffman 26 

Holland 28 
Hossner 36-37 

Hurme 5 

Ibison 22, 25 

Inskeep 28-29 

Jones 26 

Josselyn 12, 27, 62 

Junt 1 

Kana 4 

Kentula 28, 31 

Kenworthy 38 

Kiraly 28 

Klemas 45 

Klima 40 

Knutson 5, 28-29, 61 

Koellen 26 

Koerth 58 

Kraus 29 

Kruczynski 30 

Kunze 23 

Kusler 3 1 

Landin 32-33, 44, 58 

Langis 32 

LaPerriere 32 

LaSalle 33 

Lee 60 

Levin 41 

Lewis 18, 34-35 

Lindall 35 

Lindau 36-37 

Lyon 37 

Mager 37 

McCallum 24 

McKee 59 

Medina 40 

Mendelssohn 59 

Meyer 38 

Miller 38 

Minello 39-40 

Morrison 41 

Moy 41 

Munro 42 

Nailon 43 

National Research Council 

43 

Newling 44, 58 

Niering 44, 5 1 

Nordby 62 

Onuf 62 

Oyler 29 , 

Pacific Estuarine Research 

Laboratory 45 

Parris 44 

Patience 45 

Peck 16 

Reppert 45 

Reubsamen 26, 47 

Riggs 47 

Roberts 47-48 

Rodgers 26 

Rogers 9 

Sacco 49 

Schneller-McDonald 38 

Seelig 28 

S eidensticker 43 

Seliskar 24 

Seneca 9-12, 17-18, 50-51 

Sharitz 60 

Shepherd 21 

Sherman 28 

Shirley 2 

S hisler 5 1 

Sifneos 28 

Sims 33 

Sinicrope 51 

Soil Conservation Service 52 

Somers 24 

Steinke 52 

S teyer 54 

Stout 52 

Tanner 53 

Thayer 35, 37-38, 54 

Thomas 22, 25 

Underwood 54 

US Army Corps of Engineers 

54 

Warren 51 

Watzin 55 

Webb 2-3, 32, 39, 55-58 
Bibliography 

Weichert 58 

Wells 1 

Wiggins 59 ' 

Williams 21, 41, 59, 62 

wilseY 59 

Wolf 60 

Woller 24 

Woodhouse 9- 12, 50-5 1, 

60-6 1 

Zalejko 32 

Zedler 17, 27, 32, 59, 61-62 

Z~PP 6 

Zimrnerman 39-40 
Bibliography 

Subject Index 

Acidity 24 

Alabama 3, 53 

Alkali bulrush 41 

Ammophila 25, 30 

Amphipods 14, 39 

Aha 40 

Animal use 21, 30, 

56 

Marsh rabbits 

Rats 2 

Annotated bibliography 38, 60 

Arcuatula 14 

Atlantic coast 61 

Avicennia genninans 4, 27 

Batis 56, 58 

Benthos 2, 7, 15, 30, 33, 39 

macro-infauna 49 

Biomass 12-15, 21, 32, 33, 48, 51, 

58 

below-ground 11, 33, 39 

above-ground 11, 32, 33, 39 

Birds 2, 7, 19, 21, 44, 47, 52 

Black niangrove 4, 27 

Block nets 33 

Blue crabs 39 

Bomkhia 56 

Breakwaters 1, 3-5, 26, 55, 57, 58 

Cargo parachutes 43 

Christmas trees 43 

Dike 3 

fixed tire fence 1-3 

floating tire 1 

floating tire fence 2, 3 

Plastic snow fence 43 

. sand bag 1 

Terraces 54 

Breder traps 33, 48 

Brevoom.a 7 

Burlap plant rolls 1 

California 6, 8, 12, 17, 21, 22, 27, 

32, 41, 45, 61, 62 

Callinectes 7, 33, 39, 41 - 

Capitella 13 

Created marsh requirements 50 

Clams 7 

Clipping of the cordgrass 27 

Clumps 19 

Coastal wetlands 55 

Competition 13, 20, 22 

Connecticut 52 

Cores 15, 25, 30, 33, 39, 41, 48, 

49 

Cover 2 1 

Crabs 41 

Crustaceans 40 

Culturing 61 

Cyathura 14 

Cymodocea 20 

Definitions 34, 55 

Delaware 24 

Design 7, 11, 19, 27, 41, 42, 51, 

52, 54, 55 

Dieback salt marshes 60 

Distichlis 20, 25, 30, 44, 51 

56-59, 61 

Distribution and spread 

47,59 

Dolichopodidae 13 

Donor marsh 21, 27, 35 

Donor marsh recovery 16 
Bibliography 

Dredged material 1, 3, 13, 19, 25, 

32, 33, 36, 37, 40, 50, 57, 58 

Chemical properties 36 

Physical properties 36 

Drop sampler 40 

Elevation 1, 5,-8-10, 13, 18-20, 

22-25, 37, 51, 57, 58, 60 

Enforcement 27, 32 

Epiphytic algae 37 

Erosion control 1, 26, 57 

Evaluation procedures 45 

Faunal diversity 14 

Fence, pest 1 

Fertilizer 1, 9, 10, 12, 17, 23, 25, 

26, 37, 55, 57,58 

Organic nitrogen 17 

Osmocote 10, 26 

Fertilizers 30 

Fetch 22, 26, 43 

Fiber mat 2 

Fiddler crabs 7, 30, 41 

Fish 7, 33, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48 

Fish habitat 34 

Fisheries habitat conservation 38 

Fisheries organisms 3 8 

Fishery habitat 40 

Fishery species 43 

Florida 4, 5, 16, 19, 22, 26, 34, 

35, 44, 48 

Florida Department of Environmental 

Regulation (FDER) 22 

Functional equivalency 40, 45, 47, 55 

Functional health of wetlands 45 

Fundulus 7, 33, 41 

Fyke nets 48 

Gammanu 14 

Genetics 24 

Glossary of terms 34 

Gobionellus 39 

Grading, bulldozer 1 

Growth rates 10, 12, 50-51, 54, 57, 

58, 60, 62 

Guide 55 

Habitat diversity 62 

Habitat functioning 40, 45, 47, 55 

Halodule 5, 20, 38 

Halophila 5 I 

Heavy metals 37 

Heteromastus '1 3 

Hydrological anomalies 62 

Hydrology 41, 45 

Infauna 39, 41, 49 

Infaunal prey 40 

Invertebrates 7 

Iron sulfides 24 

Iva 56 

Juncus 6, 20, 30, 48, 51, 61 

Labor costs 11 

 aeon ere is 14, 25 

Lagodon 39 

Laguncularia racemosa 4, 27 

Lepidactylus 14 

Light-footed Clapper Rail 61 

Limonium 56 

Littorim 21 

Louisiana 26, 54, 60 

Macoma 25 

Macro-infauna 13-15 

Production 14 

Macrobenthos 25, 33 

Mag Amp, tests 10 

Mammals 7, 47-48 

Manayunkia 42 

Mangrove propagules 5 

Marsh comparison 

created vs. natural 7, 10-14, 

56, 58 

Marsh creation 2, 4-11, 15, 21 27, 

30, 32, 35, 43, 49, 50- 

51, 55, 57 

definitions 34,55 - 

evaluation 26, 47, 53 

requirements 50, 56 

survey 18 

Marsh descriptions 60 
Bibliography 

Marsh development 21, 32, 33, 35, 

41, 44, 51 

Marsh distribution 23 

Marsh edge 40 

Marsh evaluation 4, 18, 20, 30 

Marsh inventory 29 

Marsh restoration 34 

Marsh succession 52 

Maryland 19,25 

Ma&, erosion control 58 

Mechanical planting 55 

Meiofauna 42 

Menidia 7, 40 

Mississippi 20 

Mitigation 16, 22, 28, 33, 36, 37, 

42, 46, 47, 49, 53 

evaluation 6, 22 

process 6 

Mitigation banking 45 

Mitigation policy 26, 42 

Model, wave dampening 28 

Modiolus 14 

MOM 17, 39 

Momhochloe 56 

Monitoring 7, 8, 11, 15, 19, 27, 41, 

43, 52, 53, 55, 62 

Indicator species 9 

Monopylephorus 42 

Mugil 7 

Multiple species 6, 20, 55, 57 

National restoration strategy 43 

Nekton 40 

Nematodes 7 

Nereis 14, 15 

Nesting requirements 61 

New Jersey 8, 30 

Hackensack River 7 

New York 32 

Nitrogen 32 

NMFS 26, 36, 37, 40, 47 

North Carolina 5, 10, 11, 13-15, 

17, 18, 37, 38, 41, 

49-5 1 

Northeastern U.S. 51 

Nutrient pools 17 

Nutrient requirements 12 

Nutrients 36, 60 

Oligochaetes 2, 15, 25, 49 

Oregon 23 I 

'Organics 13, 17, 33, '42, 48 

sediments 49 

Osmocote 23, 26 

Oxidation 24 

Oyster cultch 38 

Palaemonetes 33, 39, 40 

Panicwn 20, 30 

Peat pots 25 

Penaeus 39, 40 

Permitting 16, 22, 26, 36, 37, 42, 

53 - 

Phenology 12, 24, 50, 53 

Philosophies 54 

Phragmites 6-8, 20, 30, 52, 61 

Pit traps 42 

Planning 19, 27, 41, 52, 61 

Plant community 55 

Plant cover 18 

Plant growth 10, 11, 17, 23 

Plant roll 2 

Planting 1 

Planting dates 58 

Planting procedures 61 

Planting techniques 1-3, 5, 19, 30, 

35,55 

Burlap roll 3 

Multi-stem clumps 3 

Multi-stem plugs 5 

Single stems 3 

Policy 53 

Polychaetes 2, 13, 15, 39, 49 

Pore water 18 

Potential spread 23 

Prey items 33 

Primary production 37 

Production, animal 14 

Productivity 55 

Propagating 61 

Quantitative drop enclosures 39 
Bibliography 

Rallus 61 

Reasons for created marsh failure 

16-18 

Recommendations 16, 18, 23, 27, 

31, 34, 43, 50, 53, 54, 

56,-61, .62 

Red mangrove 4 

Regional goals 27 

Regulations 4 

Remote- sensing 45 

Research needs 15, 28, 34, 45, 51, 

54- 56, 59, 62 

Restoration activities 6 

goals 41 

guide 38 

manual 45 

needs 55 

Restoration projects 32, 41 

Restoration techniques 50, 62 

Restored tidal exchange 4, 21, 22, 

41, 52 

Rhizophora mangle 4 

Rodea 8 

Root bum 10 

Ruppia 20 

Saliconzia 17, 21, 22, 41, 52,56, 

58,59 

Sampling 61 

Sampling design, randomized block 

40 

Sampling sites 62 

Sampling strategy 45 

Scirpus 44, 56 

Seagrasses 20 

Season 11, 58 

Sediment 33, 41 

Seed production 35 

Seeding 2, 10, 19 

Seedling 53 

Self-regulated tide gates 52 

Shoreline erosion 9 

Shoreline protection 55 

Shoreline stabilization 43 

Shrimp 39-40 

Slope 4, 5, 11, 25, 57 

Soil attributes 24 

Soil salinity 56, 62 

Soils 18 I 

South Carolina 4, 33 

Spammna anglica 23 

Spartina cynosuroides 10, 20, 25, 

30, 61 

Spartina foliosa 12, 17, 21, 22, 32, 

61, 62 

Spammna maritima 23 

Spartina patens 2, 10, 19, 20, 23, 

25, 26, 30, 36, 44, 51, 52, 

55-58, 61 

Spam'na spammnae 55, 57 

Spam'na townsendi 23 

Sporobolus 58 

Sprigging 2, 5, 58 % 

Stabilization 19 

Biotechnical 1 

Dredged material 1 

shoreline 1 

Streblospio 15, 42 

Survey 53 

Techniques 54-56, 60, 61 

Terracing 54 

Texas 1, 3, 16, 21, 36, 37, 39, 40, 

43, 53, 55-58 

Thalassia 20 

Time of inundation 25 

Topography 41, 45 

Transplant 50, 54 

Growth 25 

history 59 

Survival 25 

Transplant projects, evaluation 20 

Transplant spacing 11 

Transplanting 3, 4, 10, 11, 57 

Tubulanus 25 

Dpha 6, 52 

Uca 30 

Uca longisignalis 41 

Uniola 30 
Bibliography 

Vegetation 

growth patterns 59 

Vegetative Erosion Control 

Project 22, 25 

succession 45 

Vegetative -StabilizatimSite 

Evaluation Fonn 29 

Virginia 7, 22, 25, 26, 28 

Washington 23, 47, 59 

Wave-climate severity 29 

Waves' erosional forces 28 

Wegener Ring net 48 

West coast 59 ' 

Wetland CreationIRestoration Data 

Base 38 

Wetland functions 43 

Wetland laws 4 

decision making 28 

design 28 

planning 28 

Wetland policy 4 

Wetland restoration 3 1, 52, 53 

fishery management tool 34 

guide 31 

Wetland types 27 

White mangrove 4 

Workshop 

restoration 27 

wetlands 28 

Zonation 

20, 22, 23, 30, 58 

Zostera 38 
Other Titles in the 

Decision Analysis Series 

No. 1. Able, Kenneth W. and Susan C. Kaiser. 1994 ~~nihesis of Summer 

Flounder Habitat Parameters. 
Science for Solutions 

NOAA COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM 

Decision Analysis Series No. 2 

TECHNOLOGY AND SUCCESS IN RESTORATION, 

CREATION, AND ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE UNITED STATES 

Volume 2 -- Inventory and Human Resources Directory 

Geoffrey A. Matthews 

Thomas J. Minello 

August 1994 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

Coastal Ocean Office 
The Decision Analysis Series has been 

established by NOAA's Coastal Ocean 

Program (COP) to present documents for 

coastal resource decision makers which 

contain analytical treatments of major issues 

or topics. The issues, topics, and principal 

investigators have been selected through an 

extensive peer review process. To learn 

more about the COP or the Decision Analysis 

Series, please write: 

NOAA 

Coastal Ocean Office 

1315 East West Highway, Sta. 15140 

Silver Spring, MD 2091 0 

phone: 301 -71 3-3338 

fax: 301 -71 3-4044 
-- 

Science for Solutions 

NOAA COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM 

Decision Analysis Series No. 2 

TECHNOLOGY AND SUCCESS IN RESTORATION, 

CREATION, AND ENHANCEMENT OF SPARTINA 

ALERNIFLORA MARSHES IN THE UNITED STATES 

Volume 2 -- Inventory and Human Resources Directory 

Geoffrey A. Matthews 

Thomas J. Minello 

NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service 

Southeast Fisheries Science Center 

Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Avenue U 

Galveston, TX 77551 

August 1994 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

D. James Baker, Under Secretary 

Coastal Ocean Office 

Donald Scavia, Director 
This publication should be cited as: 

Matthews, Geoffrey A. and Thomas J. Minello. 1994. Technology and Success in Restoration, Creation, 

and Enhancement of Spartina altemiflora Marshes in the United States. Vol. 2 - Inventory and Human 

Resources Directory. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 2. NOAA Coastal 

Ocean Office, Silver Spring, MD. 

This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or 

intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to 

NOAA, or this publication firmished by NOAA, in any advertising or sales promotion 

which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary 

product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause directly or 

indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. 
Note to Readers 

The NOAA Coastal Ocean Program (COP) provides a focal point through which the agency, 

together with other organizations with responsibilities for the coastal environment and its 

resources, can make significant strides toward finding solutions to critical problems. By working 

together toward these solutions, we can ensure the sustainability of these coastal resources and 

allow for compatible economic development that will enhance the well-being of the Nation now 

and in future generations. The goals of the program parallel those of the NOAA Strategic Plan 

for 1995-2005. 

A specific objective of COP is to provide the highest quality scientific information to coastal 

managers in time for critical decision making and in a format usefd for these decisions. To help 

achieve this, COP inaugurated a program of developing documents that would synthesize 

information on issues that were of high priority to coastal managers. To develop such documents, 

a three-step process was used: 1) to compile a list of critical topics in the coastal ocean through 

a survey of coastal resource managers and to prioritze and select those suitable for the document 

series through the use of a panel of multidisciplinary technical experts; 2) to solicit proposals to 

do research on these topics and select principal investigators through a rigorous peer-review 

process; and 3) to develop peer-reviewed documents based on the winning proposals. 

Seven topics and associated principal investigators were selected in the initial round. Technology 

and Success in Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement of Spartina altemgora Marshes in the 

United States by Geoffrey A. Matthews and Thomas J. Minello of the NOAA National Marine 

Fisheries Service's Galveston Laboratory is the second document in this Decision Analysis Series 

to be published and is presented in two volumes. Information on Decision Analysis Series No. 1 

is shown on the inside back cover. Other volumes will be published over the next two years on 

the following topics: seagrass restoration technology, coastal watershed restoration, restoring 

streams and anadromous fish habitat affected by logging, eutrophication and phytoplankton 

blooms, and management of cumulative coastal environmental impacts. 

As with all of its products, COP is very interested in ascertaining the utility of the Decision 

Analysis Series particularly in regard to its application to the management decision process. 

Therefore, we encourage you to write, fax, call, or Internet us with your comments. Please be 

assured that we will appreciate these comments, either positive or negative, and that they will help 

us direct our future efforts. Our address and telephone and fax numbers are on the inside front 

cover. My Internet address is DSCAVIA@HQ.NOAA.GOV. 

Donald Scavia 

Director 

NOAA Coastal Ocean Program 
Foreword 

Coastal wetlands are important habitats for many estuarine-dependent fishery 

species, grid the productivity of these fisheries may well depend upon the health of 

wetland ecosystems. The low elevation wetlands on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico 

coasts of the United States are generally dominated by smooth cordgrass, Spartina 

altemijlora, and these salt marshes have been identified as valuable nursery habitats 

for many fishes and crustaceans. Coastal development, sea level rise, and land 

subsidence, however, have resulted in extensive losses of S. altemzjlora habitat in the 

United States. Efforts to reduce the rate of wetland loss will likely require a 

continuation and expansion of programs to restore and create salt marshes in regions 

of deteriorating coastal wetlands. These restoration projects frequently involve 

establishment of marsh vegetation on graded-down uplands or on dredged material. 

Although many of the early efforts have failed, the technology for successfully 

establishing salt marsh vegetation by seeding and transplanting have now been 

developed for a variety of coastal conditions. 

Salt marshes have long been built to reduce shoreline erosion and stabilize 

dredged material deposits. These projects have not inherently attempted to establish 

complete functional equivalence with natural marshes, and physically establishing the 

macrophytic vegetation has been the criteria used for determining success. When the 

goal of salt marsh creation becomes the replacement of a natural marsh, however, the 

entire suite of marsh functions must be considered. Replacing or creating vegetative 

cover is the first step in creating a functional salt marsh. Establishment of habitat 

functions such as providing a supportive food web, protection from predators, and 

reproductive sites for estuarine animals apparently requires more time than the 

establishment of macrophytes alone. Under some conditions, these habitat functions 

may never fully develop, and food webs of created salt marshes may never support 

fisheries organisms and other wildlife to the same extent as in natural marshes. The 

evidence for retarded functional development of created salt marshes has raised 

serious questions about the relative value of these habitats. Information on the 

establishment of salt marsh functions other than substrate stabilization is also more 

difficult to obtain and requires an understanding of how natural salt marsh systems 

function. 

Our objectives in developing this database of created Spartina altemiflora 

marshes were: 1) to form a register of the marshes and estimate the number and 
iv Foreword 

location of these marshes, 2) to determine how many of these marshes have been 

monitored for functional success and animal utilization, 3) to develop an inexpensive 

and easy-to-use data base and entry system to track future restorationlcreation 

activities, 4) to promote via this database a greater awareness of the impacts of 

altering coastal wetlands and the need for full ecologically functional replacement. 

Companion products from our Coastal Ocean Program project may also be of 

some value to users of this Inventory. These include a Directory of Human 

Resources in this volume and an Annotated Bibliography which appears in Volume 1. 

The information in these companion products was used extensively in creating this salt 

marsh inventory. 
VOLUME 2 

SECTION II -- INVENTORY OF 

RESTORED, CREATED, AND ENHANCED 

SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES IN 

THE UNITED STATES 

SECTION Ill -- DIRECTORY OF HUMAN 

RESOURCES 
SECTION II 

AN INVENTORY OF 

RESTORED, CREATED, AND ENHANCED 

SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES 

IN THE UNITED STATES 
Table of Contents 

Section II .. Inventory 

... FOREWORD ....................... III 

DATABASE ...................... Data collection and limitations .......... Database structure .................. 

PRIMARY MARSHES ................. Connecticut ...................... Delaware ......................... 10 

Florida ........................... 17 

Maine ........................... 104 

Maryland ......................... 107 

Massachusetts ..................... 127 

New Jersey ....................... 128 

New York ........................ 145 

North Carolina ..................... 147 

South Carolina ..................... 148 

Texas ........................... 149 

Virginia .......................... 229 

MARSHES WITH MINIMAL INFORMATION . 237 

Alabama ......................... 237 

Connecticut ...................... 238 

Delaware ........................ 238 

Florida .......................... 239 

Georgia ......................... 247 

Louisiana ........................ 248 

Maine ........................... 257 

Maryland ........................ 257 

Massachusetts ..................... 283 

Mississippi ....................... 283 

New Hampshire .................... 283 

New Jersey ....................... 284 

New York ........................ 285 

. North Carolina ..................... 286 

Rhode Island ...................... 288 

South Carolina ..................... 288 
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 

Virginia .......................... 297 
Database 

Data collection and limitations 

In the development of this inventory, we utilized four major sources of 

information on restored and created Spartina altemij-lora marshes, including 1) 

contractors who build the marshes, 2) research personnel who study marshes, 3) state 

agencies that monitor wetlands and marsh mitigation, and 4) federal agencies that 

monitor marshes or marsh organisms. We contacted contractors throughout the 

United States for information about restored, enhanced, or created Spartina 

altemijlora marshes that they had a role in building. We also reviewed information 

on created marshes from publications, reports, conference presentations, and even 

assorted notes obtained from consultants, contractors, and other research personnel 

working in this field. State environmental and fisheries agencies were consulted for 

their records about man-made salt marshes. We also contacted the offices of the U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Soil Conservation Service (SCS), U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service, and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for information 

about man-made Spartina altemiflora marshes in their respective areas of the coast. 

For the most part, the people we contacted in the field of restoration science 

were receptive toward our requests and provided the available information. Often, 

however, data on salt marsh construction projects were never originally recorded, 

were incomplete or in some inappropriate format, were not readily available with a 

reasonable search effort, or were not entered into electronic files. The permitting 

process of the COE and the permit review records of the National Marine Fisheries 

Service Southeast Regional offices provided information on numerous marsh creation 

projects. Some projects that were issued COE permits, however, were not located, 

and it is unclear whether these marshes were failures or had never been constructed. 

In addition, we obtained some information from design or initial work plans for 

projects, and these plans may not always have been identical to the characteristics of 

the marsh actually planted. 

Information on created Spartina altemiflora marshes on the West Coast was 

not recorded. A few Spartina altemflora marshes were planted in West Coast 

estuaries several decades ago, but this species is no longer used in restoration/creation 

projects. Spartiruz altemijlora is considered an invasive exotic species on the West 
2 Database 

coast, where it has spread rapidly, often out competing the native species, Spartinu 

foliosa. 

This inventory is intended to be dynamic. Over time, we anticipate that users 

of the inventory will identify new marshes and provide additional information on 

included marshes. We would like to encourage this type of input, and we hope that 

users will help make the inventory a more valuable resource for everyone working in 

the field of salt marsh creation and restoration. Therefore, corrections and additions 

are solicited and can be sent to the authors at the address on the cover page. 

Database structure 

During the course of our one year investigation we identified 787 marshes that 

were either planned, created, restored, or enhanced along coastal bays and estuaries 

from Maine to Texas. Each marsh was assigned a unique identification number when 

the data were entered into the electronic data file. The records are sorted 

alphabetically first by state, second by county, and third by bay in which the marshes 

were located. The database was constructed using Microsoft's Excel software and is 

also available on diskette as an Excel file. Excel was chosen because it was available 

for both IBM (and compatibles) and Macintosh computers and is fairly easy to use. 

All 787 marshes are included in the electronic data file. 

Printed output was generated from the Excel database file and includes all 

marshes, but marsh information was presented in two forms to save space. Primary 

Marshes were identified on the basis of the information content in the database; the 

exact location of these marshes is known (INFO RANK of 3, 4, 5 and RTE, see 

below). All information available in the database is listed for each Primary Marsh. 

For marshes with minimal information (INFO RANK of 1 and 2), only a brief 

description is given. 

The database has 22 variables to identify and characterize each marsh. These 

variables are: 
Database 

Variables 

1) ID 

2) INFO RANK 

A unique reference number to identify the 

marsh; given when the data were entered into 

the inventory database. 

Each planted marsh was ranked from 1-5 

based on the amount of available 

information. 1 =A COE permit was granted 

that required a marsh be created. It is 

unknown if the marsh was created. 2=A 

marsh was planted. The age and general 

location are known, but the exact location of 

the planting is unknown. 3 =A marsh was 

planted and its specific location is known, 

but no assessments of its growth and 

functions were made. 4=A marsh was 

planted and was evaluated as to attainment of 

a 70% vegetative cover within two years 

after planting. 5 =A marsh was planted, was 

successfully established, and was assessed for 

its utilization by animals. An RTE (restored 

tidal exchange) in this space indicates an area 

was opened to tidal exchange and a Spartina , 

alternijlora marsh became established, 

though it was not planted. 

3) STATE State where the marsh is located. 

4) COUNTY County or parish where the marsh is located. 

5) BAY The body of water where the marsh is 

located; include bay, sub-bay, cove, river 

and creek when applicable. 

6) ORIGINATOR Who paid to have the marsh built. Includes 

name, address and telephone if available. 

7) COENO U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit 

number for a mitigation marsh. 

8) PERMIT DATE Month and year of the permit. 

9) LOCATION Directions to the actual site with identifying 

features of the marsh. 
4 Database 

10) LAT Degree, minutes, and seconds where the 

marsh is located. 

Degree, minutes, and seconds where the 

marsh is located. 

12) DATE PLANTED The month and year when the marsh planting 

was completed. 

13) ACRES Area of the marsh. 

14) HECTARES Area of the marsh. 

15) SOURCE PLANTING Who supplied the information about the 

planting; includes name, address and 

telephone number when available, or a 

literature citation (intext style). 

16) SOURCE ASSESS Name, address and telephone number of the 

person when available; or a literature citation 

(intext style). 

17) REFS Literature citation(s) or person who knows 

about the marsh (address and telephone 

number if known). 

18) OTHER SPP PLANTED List species that were planted along with the 

Spartina altemzjlora.. 

19) COVER 

20) ANIMAL USE 

21) COMl 

22) COW 

Visual estimation of the area of the marsh 

covered by S. alternzjlora, and the month 

and year when the percentage was 

determined. 

Yes or no. If yes, include reference. 

and which animals or animal groups were 

studied. 

Include any pertinent information about how 

this marsh was constructed, or how 

successful it was. 

Additional information that would not fit in 

the first comments box, or that you want 

separated. Marsh name generally included 

here. 
Primary Marshes 

Marsh Inventory No.: 661 Information Rank (1-5): RTE State: CT 

Date Planted: 1979 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 52.61 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: CT County: Fairfield Latitude (N): 41 07' Longitude (W): 73 15' 

Bay and sub-bays: Long Island Sound; Pine Creek 

Directions to the site: Exit 1-95 and exit 20, take Post Rd. Go south on S. Pine Creek 

Rd. to Oldfield or Old Dam Rd, go east. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Thomas J. Steinke, Conservation Commission - Town of &irfield;1ndependence Hall, 725 Old Post Road, Fairfield, CT 06430, (203) 

256-307 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: John Trautrnan, Biol. Dept. 

Fairfield Univ. (203) 268-5 103 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - No Spartina altemijZora planted, but the area was opened to more tidal exchange 

and S. altemiflora became established. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 660 Information Rank (1-5): RTE State: CT 

Date Planted: 1974 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 5.666 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: CT County: Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Ash Creek 

Directions to the site: 

Source of planting information: Mr. Thomas J. Steinke, Conservation Commission - Town of Fairfield, Independence Hall, 725 Old Post Road, Fairfield, CT 06430, (203) 

256-3071 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Phragmites 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - No Spartina altemiflora planted, but the area was opened to more tidal exchange 

and S. altemzjlora became established. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 663 Information Rank (1-5): RTE State: CT 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 60.705 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: CT County: Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Great Creek 

Directions to the site: Milford, CT; in the state park. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Thomas J. Steinke, Conservation Commission - Town of &irfield,lndependence Wall, 725 Old Post Road, Fairfield, CT 06430, (203) 

256-307 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in additi~q to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- No Spartina altemiflora planted, but the area was opened to more tidal exchange 

and S. altemiflora became established. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 662 Information Rank (1-5): RTE State: CT 

Date Planted: 1982 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 12.141 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: CT County: Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Sasco Creek 

Directions to the site: 

Source of planting information: Mr. Thomas J. Steinke, Conservation Commission - Town of Fairfield, Independence Hall, 725 Old Post Road, Fairfield, CT 06430, (203) 

256-307 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 659 Information Rank (1-5): RTE State: CT 

Date Planted: 1973 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 6.475 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: CT County: Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Turney Creek 

Directions to the site: 

Source of planting information: Mr. Thomas J. Steinke, Conservation Commission - Town of Fairfield, Independence Hall, 725 Old Post Road, Fairfield, CT 06430, (203) 

256-307 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora .: Phragmites 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comment. about the marsh: - No Spartina altemiflora planted. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 346 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 05/01/92 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US EPA Region III 

Location of the marsh. 

State: DE County: Kent Latitude (N): 39 07' 15" Longitude (W): 75 29' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Delaware Bay; St. Jones River 

Directions to the site: Take Rt. 13 north. Turn right onto Delaware Rt.10 

northbound. Turn right onto Old Lebanon Road, after $00 ft. tgke the dirt road that bears 

left to the entrance of the landfill. The site is along the Wildcat Landfill on the St. Jones 

River. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: tidal pond, 

shoreline. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. Interagency Agreement # 

DW96934592-0. This was an EPA hazardous waste site clean-up project. - Marsh name: Wildcat Landfill. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 313 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 07/01/85 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of 'COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: DE DOT, Office of Administration 

Location of the marsh, 

State: DE County: New Castle Latitude (N): 39 05' 50" Longitude (W): 75 27' 

23 " 

Bay and sub-bays: Delaware Bay; St. Jones River 

Directions to the site: Along each side of US Hwy 113 for about 1 krn N of the bridge 

at Barkers Landing. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comment. about the marsh: - Spartina altemij7ora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular, long. 

Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. FHWA Project # F-10005(11). DEDOT Contract 

# 82- 109-04. 

- This was a restoration after removal of a temporary access road along the Rt. 113 

bridge at the St. Joans River. Marsh name: DE Route 113. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 333 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 05/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.243 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NAPOP-R-83-0093-C Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: William K. McMahon, Rd. 2, Box 237, Lewes, 

DE 19958 

Location of the marsh. 

State: DE County: Sussex Latitude (N): 38 41' 35" Longitude (W): 75 04' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Altantic Ocean; Rehobeth Bay; Head of Bay Cove. 

Directions to the site: Bay shore infront of wooden bulkhead on property due W of 

Bayard Ave. at New Orleans St., Dewey Beach, DE. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to.Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built 

by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Dewey Beach. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 314 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 04/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.526 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NAPOP-R-DV84-081 Date of COE Permit: 1984 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Jerry Adkins real estate, Selbyville, DE 19975 

(302) 436-598 1. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: DE County: Sussex Latitude (N): 38 27' 38" Longitude (W): 75 05' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Assawoman Bay; Fenwick Sound, Roy Creek 

Directions to the site: Fenwick Island off East Stoney Run. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemzjlora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. 

Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. This was a restoration required in a consent order. - Marsh name: Keenwick Sound. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 328 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 06/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.052 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NAPOR-85- 1 107- 1 Date of COE Permit: 1985 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Gray Farms Partnership 

Location of the marsh. 

State: DE County: Sussex Latitude (N): 38 28' 22" Longitude (W): 75 06' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Assawoman Bay; Fenwick Sound, Roy Creek 

Directions to the site: Adjacent to a tributary of Roy Creek on a tract of land formerly 

known as Gray Farm, along the north side of Rt. 54 immediately west of Treasure Beach 

Campground, near Bayville, Sussex County, DE. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemijbra was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: tidal pond, 

shoreline. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. DE Wetlands Permit # 5P-0710184 and 

WE-1609185. 

- Marsh name: Mallard Lakes. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 338 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: 05/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.121 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bay Colony Marina 

Location of the marsh. 

State: DE County: Sussex Latitude (N): 38 34' 58" Longitude (W): 75 09' 25" 

Bay and sub-bays: Atlantic Ocean; Indian River Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the sides of a small inlet and basin just 0.5 km SW of 

Grays Point on the S shore of Indian River Bay about 2 krn N of Blackwater Village. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built 

by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Bay Colony. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 298 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: DE 

Date Planted: O6/Ol/8 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.792 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US Army COE, Philadelphia District 

Location of the marsh. 

State: DE County: Sussex Latitude (N): 38 37' 35" Longitude (W): 75 05' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Atlantic Ocean; Indian River Bay. 

Directions to the site: On bay-side of an island that is 1 krn SE of Bluff Point, where 

Rehoboth Bay narrows to connect with Indian River Bay. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alter~ziflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built 

by Environmental Concern, Inc. COE Contract # DACW61-81-C-0062. - Marsh name: Indian River. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 748 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 09/01/93 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.670 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 11' Longitude (W): 80 37' 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Satellite Beach; 4 miles N of Eau Gallie Causeway, entry road 

from South Patrick Drive. Perimeter marsh along E, W and S sides of old spoil island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Paspalurn 

vaginaturn and Distichlis spicata were planted on 2-ft centers; mangroves were planted on 

4-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? No 

General comments about the marsh: - Freshly planted in Sept-Dec 1993; appears to be doing well, no mortality as of 

Feb 1994. Spartina altemij7ora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. 

- Marsh name: Lansing Island 
Marsh Inventory No.: 749 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 05/01/93 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 5.260 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 8' 30" Longitude (W): 80 36' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Melbourne; access by boat only, N of Eau Gallie Causeway; 

created wetlands consisting of excavated tidal creeks and tidal flats. Entire W side of island 

returned to wetland elevations. 

Source of planting. information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Paspalurn 

vaginaturn, Sporobolus virginicus, and Batis maritima were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 85% cover, 95% 

survival; no die back seen after 6 mo. Dec-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? No 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemijlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers beginning in May and 

continuing through Dec 1993. Marsh appears to be doing well, no mortality as of Feb 

1994. 

- Marsh name: Samson Island 
Marsh Inventory No.: 751 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 09/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.670 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: David McWilliams (407)777-4111 is the contact 

person 

. Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 11' Longitude (W): 80 37' 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Satellite Beach; 3.5 miles N of Eau Gallie Causeway, entry road 

off South Patrick Blvd. Perimeter marsh along E, W and S sides of old spoil island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle, Avicennia mangle, and Luguncularia racemsa were planted on 5-ft centers; 

Sporobolus virginicus was planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover by Spartina 

and mangroves. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartinu altemiJlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. Some Spartina is being 

displaced by volunteer mangroves. After a slow start the grasses have filled in to almost 

complete coalesence. 

- The mangroves have formed a 6- 10' hedge along the entire shoreline. Marsh 

name: Windward Cove 
Marsh Inventory No.: 783 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 08/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.490 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Jack Bennett (407) 783-3060 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 21' Longitude (W): 80 36' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Cocoa Beach; A-1-A half mile S of State Rd. 520; narrow 

fringing site along W and S shoreline protected by coquina boulder revetment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Paspalurn 

vaginaturn was planted on 2-ft centers; Avicennia genninans and Lagunculana racemosa 

were planted on 5-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95-100% as of May-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Much of the Spartina altemiflora has been replaced by Scirpus robustus and 

mangroves. This is a replacement planting where mangroves had displaced the marsh, and 

then been killed by freezes. 

- Marsh name: Rock Pointe. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on center 

(=o.c.) 
Marsh Inventory No.: 786 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 08/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.648 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Arnold Mallard (407) 730-2404 .is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 32' Longitude (W): 80 36' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Cape Canaveral; adjacent to Titan missle complex (restricted 

access); rectangular created wetland connected to the Banana River. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Bacopa 

carolinianum, Eleocharis cellulosa, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Batis maritim, Salicomia 

virginica, Sporobolus virginicus, Distichlis spicata, ans Spartina bakeri were planted on 3- 

ft centers; Laguncularia racemosa on 5-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 60-70% cover as of 

Oct-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina alterniflora occupies only the waterward edge; the majority of the site is 

covered by Distichlis and other high marsh species. Mangroves have survived. Growth is 

good and coverage should reach 90-100% by 1995. - Marsh name: Canaveral AFS-Solid Motor Assembly Building. S. altemiJora 

clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 773 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 08/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.138 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bill Moord (407) 783-0037 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 23' 25" Longitude (W): 80 36' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Cape Canaveral; A-1-A; 1 mile S of State Rd. 528; narrow shelf 

along a canal bordered by wooden bulkhead. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80-90% as of March-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Planted between Aug-84 and June-85. Most Spartina has been displaced by a 

dense mangrove hedge. Some Paspalurn and Distichlis invasion on the shelf, and isolated 

heavy patches of Typha combine to cover 90% of the shelf with 100% cover. 

- Marsh name: Treasure Island Club S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on 

center (=o.c.) 
Marsh Inventory No.: 186 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 

COE Permit No.: Date of 

Originator or Applicant for 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard 

50" ? 

Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit: 

permit: Mariner's Square 

Latitude (N): 28 21' 50" ? Longitude (W): 80 40' 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River 

Directions to the site: Mariner's Square; Cocoa Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 49%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - No birds; a mouse; only a few killifish. Very small fringe marsh lacks habitat 

complexity needed to support fish; should not have been in the study because it was so 

small. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 250 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.400 hectares 

COE Permit No.: None Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Costa del Sol Condominiums 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 22' 15" Longitude (W): 80 36' 18" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Banana River Lagoon 

Directions to the site: Banana River Lagoon, Cocoa Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; T. H. 

Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; T. H. Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 30% (Crews & Lewis); 

67% (Roberts); 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes, by Roberts. Fisheries species, 

birds, mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina alternifira limited by poor flushing; bad topography. Area is receiving 

much freshwater inflow and southern cattail, Typha domingensis, is invading. Mixed 

failure. Roberts found a few birds, a rat, signs of raccoons, and very many killifish. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 251 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.120 hectares 

COE Permit No.: None Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Fountain Cove Condominiums 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 20' 47" Longitude (W): 80 36' 32" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Banana River Lagoon 

Directions to the site: Fountain Cove, Banana River Lagoon, Cocoa Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; T. H. 

Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; T. H. Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 34% (Crewz & Lewis), 

5 1% (Roberts); 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemijbra limited by poor flushing and topography. Deemed a failure 

by Crewz and Lewis. Roberts found no birds or mammals, but very many killifish in the 

marsh. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 785 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 06/01/79 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.554 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bob Lynds (407) 723-2095 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 22' 20" Longitude (W): 80 42' 10" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Newfound Harbor 

Directions to the site: Merritt Island; State Rd. 3, 4 miles N of State Rd. 520; fringing 

intertidal shoreline along the Indian River and boat basin. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens, 

Paspalurn vaginaturn and Distichlis spicata were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 90-100% coverby 

combined species as of March-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina alterniflora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. S. altemifira is being 

replaced by high marsh grasses as the elevation has built up behind the coquina boulder 

revetment. 

- Marsh name: Egret's Cove. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 775 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 02/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1 S7O hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ron Taylor (407) 783-1320 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 21' 30" Longitude (W): 80 41' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Newfound Harbor 

Directions to the site: Merritt Island; State Rd 520; behind and S of Merritt Square 

Mall; large cove connected by wide inlet to Newfound Harbor. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Juncus 

roemerianus was planted on 3-ft centers; Rhizophora mangle was also planted. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 90-100% cover as of 

Aug-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - The large tidal flats are completely grown in with Spartina, Juncus and other high 

marsh species. Volunteer mangroves (mostly white) are taking over in some areas. There 

is a sparse area in the NW corner or the planted shelf. - Marsh name: Harbor Woods S. altemiflora clumps were planted on 3-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 761 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 03/01/85 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.137 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: William Lambert (407) 452-7946 is the contact 

person. 

Location - of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 24' 15" Longitude (W): 80 41' 55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Newfound Harbor; Sykes Creek 

Directions to the site: Merritt Island; Hwy 528 at S.R. 3 on Merritt Island; enclosed 

pond connected to Newfound Harbor via culverts. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline ~siociates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Distichlis spicata 

was planted on 3-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: Much of the Spartina 

has been replaced by Eleocharis and Scirpus robustus, but the marsh as a whole has 

achieved 85-100% cover, as of May-92. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Freshwater species have invaded. Typha has taken over a large area. There are 

periodic heavy freshwater inflows. 

- Marsh name: Lambert Seafoods, Inc. S. alterniflora clumps were planted on 3-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 767 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 12/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.267 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Reese Kessler (407) 696-4222 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 26'00" Longitude (W): 80 41' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Banana River; Newfound Harbor; Sykes Creek 

Directions to the site: Merritt Island; State Rd. 3, 3 miles N of Hwy 528; created 

wetlands, mostly high marsh adjacent to tidal ditch connected to Sykes Creek. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Distichlis spicata, 

Salicomia virginica, and Batis maritima were planted on 2-ft centers; Avicennia germinans 

and Spartina bakeri. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% by high marsh 

species, and by fring S. alterniflora as of Oct-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemifora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. Growing well. - Marsh name: Savannahs 
Marsh Inventory No.: 195 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.010 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Canaveral Bay 

Directions to the site: Canaveral Bay; Cocoa Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 73%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - No birds; no rats; raccoon tracks; many small killifish. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 772 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 01/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.27 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Stan Rosenbaum (904) 446-0346 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: ICW 

Directions to the site: Flagler Beach; A-1-A 3 miles N of Hwy 100; created intertidal 

shelf along ICW protected by coquina rock revetment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus, Distichlis spicata, Juncus roemerianus and Paspalum vaginatum were planted 

on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover'by Spartina 

and highmarsh species. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Erosion due to boat wakes is severe in this region, and is why the rock break 

water was built to protect the planting and shoreline. The planted intertidal community is 

healthy and has generally coalesced to complete ground coverage. 

- The Juncus marsh planted adjacent to an existing natural needlerush marsh has 

also achieved 100% aerial coverage and is indistinguishable from the natural marsh. Marsh 

name: Ocean Marina. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 757 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 04/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.012 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bill Sargent (904) 329-4500 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Several dredged material deposition islands and peninsulas in 

the Indian River, 7 sites. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Avicennia 

germinans was planted on 4-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover in 20% of 

the planted area; 25% of the area was lost to erosion; remaining 55% are coalescing and 

have reached about 70% cover as of June-93. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemi$ora clumps were'planted on 2-ft centers. Some areas were 

subject to severe erosion and were washed out. No protective devices were used to protect 

the plantings. 

- Project name: S.W.I.M. in Brevard and Indian River counties. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 762 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 02/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.728 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mark Hesse (407) 452-7631 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 26' 30" Longitude (W): 80 43' 25" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Merritt Island; State Road 3, 6 miles N of Hwy 528; protected 

cove and 3 sites on the Indian River. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Distichlis spicata 

and Paspalurn vaginaturn wre planted on 3-ft centers; Avicennia gerrninuns was planted 

from 1-gal containers onl0-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80-100% cover attained 

in most Spartina areas as of May-92 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- The grasses are healthy in all of the planted areas. The retention area and the Big 

Lake shoreline are experiencing some nuisance species invasion. The mangroves were all 

killed by freezes, but some mangroves are growing in the Spartina. 

- Marsh name: Indian Bay S. altemiflora clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 776 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 05/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.465 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ed Poe (407) 267-1841 is the contact person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 37' Longitude (W): 80 48' 10" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Titusville; State Rd. 406 at Indian River; shoreline marsh 

created behind a protective coquina rock revetment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Porl Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Distichlis spicata, 

Sporobolus virginicus, Paspalurn vaginaturn were planted on 2-ft centers; Lugunculana 

racemosa. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95% cover by the 

combined species as of Sept-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - The Spartina has diminished in favor of the other high marsh grass species. Most 

of the mangroves were killed by freezes. Potential erosion by wave action was averted by 

a coquina boulder break water. 

- Marsh name: Harbor Town. S. altemijlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 780 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 09/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.255 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Steve Peffer (407) 453-9517 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 04' 40" Longitude (W): 80 35' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Melbourne; U.S. Hwy 192 at U.S. 1; small pocket marsh 

created behind coquina breakwater. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Distichlis spicata 

and Paspalum vaginatum were planted on 2-ft cneters; Rhizophora mangle and 

Laguncularia racemosa. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% as of Sept-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina is being replaced by volunteer mangroves. Most planted mangroves 

died in subsequent freezes. Elevations have favored a transition to high marsh dominated 

by Distichlis and Paspalum. 

- Marsh name: Front Street Park. S. alterniflora clumps were planted on 2-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 221 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.120 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harbor Isles 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Brevard Latitude (N): 28 21' 50" ? Longitude (W): 80 40' 

50" ? 

Bay and sub-bays: Newfound Harbor, Banana River; 

Directions to the site: Harbor Isles; Cocoa Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 79%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh was successful. No birds; no rats; raccoon tracks; many small killifish. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 750 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 07/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.950 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Paul Douglas (305) 254-2106 is the contact 

person 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Dade Latitude (N): 25 44' 00?" Longitude (W): 80' 13' 00?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Biscayne Bay; Deering Bay; flushing channel 

Directions to the site: Miami; Old Cutler Road at Chapman Field; fulshing channel 

connecting bay to Biscayne Bay. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus was planted on 2-ft centers; Eleocharis cellulosa, Sagittaria luncifolia, Scirpus 

validus, Rhizophora mangle. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: After replanting: 70- 

100% aerial coverage. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Water levels and salinities have fluctuated wildly at the site. 25,000 plants have 

died. Remedial action was to replant with Spartina altemiJlora and Sporobolus virginicus. 

The Spartina is beginning to trap mangrove seeds. 

- Marsh name: Deering Bay S. altemijlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 774 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 06/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.567 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Jack Tallon (904) 829-6727 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): 30 17' 00?" Longitude (W): 81 25' OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Pablo Creek 

Directions to the site: Jacksonville; St. John's Bluff Rd.; 1 mile N of Butler Blvd.; 

created extension to natural tidal marsh. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Juncus 

roemerianus 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover as of Apr93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemifira clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. Blended into the 

adjacent natural marhses; are indistinguishable. - Marsh name: Coastal Point 
Marsh Inventory No.: 763 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 10/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.417 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mike Antonopoulos (904) 353-8471 is the 

contact person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): 30 33' 00?" Longitude (W): 81 36' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: St. John's River 

Directions to the site: Jacksonville; N end of University Blvd.; semi-enclosed cove; 

connected to the St. John's River by shallow inlets. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline ~siociates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Sporobolus 

virginicus was planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover where 

elevation was high enough. May-92 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- High water levels due to poorly constructed flushing connection were corrected; 

healthy saltmarsh community with areas of open water was established with open pools in 

the deeper areas. - Marsh name: Sandy Shores S. altemiflora clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 771 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 04/01/85 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bruce Taylor (904) 731-7040 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): 30 33' OO?" Longitude (W): 81 31' 40?" 

Bay and sub-bays: St. John's River 

Directions to the site: Jacksonville; end of Ft. Caroline Rd.; wide planted area along 

the St. John's River protected by granite rock revetment, at St. John's Landing. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover as of April93. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Large tidal amplitudes and currents at this location. A granite break water 

surrounds the planted area, and acted as protection from wave erosion. The marsh reached 

coalescence within 3 months of planting, and has matured into a dynamic ecosystem. 

- Marsh name: St. John's Landing S. altemiflora clumps were planted on 3-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 787 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 10/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.966 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Steve Duval (904) 642-8507 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): 30 3 1' OO?" Longitude (W): 8 1 34' OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: St. John's River 

Directions to the site: Jacksonville; Hwy. 9A over St. John's River; wide marsh at S 

abutment arid central island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Distichlis spicata 

and Sporobolus virginicus were planted on 3-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95-100% cover as of 

June-93. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemijlora clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. Both areas have 

matured into dense healthy saltmarsh communities. - Marsh name: Dames Point Bridge - South Abutment and Nichols Creek. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 241 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.200 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: St. John's Landing 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: St. John's River 

Directions to the site: St. John's Landing; Jacksonville 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh:. 63%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Birds, mammals, and epibenthic 

snails. 

General comment. about the marsh: 

- Few birds; a mouse; 
Marsh Inventory No.: 782 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 05/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.352 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Pete Peterson (904) 264-2011 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Duval Latitude (N): 30 24' 30" Longitude (W): 81 40' 003" 

Bay and sub-bays: St. John's River; Trout River 

Directions to the site: Jacksonville; Hecksher Dr. W of 1-95; created extension of 

natural marsh connected to the Trout River by an excavated tidal creek. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Juvcus 

roemerianus was planted on 3-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95-100% cover as of 

June-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartinu altemiJlora clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. Saltmarsh created next 

to a natural Spartina-Juncus marsh was very successful. - Marsh name: River Crossing. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 373 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1976 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 48' 28" Longitude (W): 82 

25' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: North side of Fishhook Island 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh name: Fishhook Island. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 374 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 44' 33" Longitude (W): 82 

28' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Pelican Cove, Simmons Park 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (8 13) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

0 ther species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: Simmons Park. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 376 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Tampa Electric ? 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 38' 40" Longitude (W): 82 

2'2' 3<" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Ft. Lonely 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: Tampa Electric Shoreline. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 263 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 83D-2158 Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harbour Island 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 56' 08" Longitude (W): 82 

26' 52" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay area; Sparkman Channel 

Directions to the site: Seddon Island; along Sparlunan Channel; E-side of Harbor 

Island, Site A. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 8%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemifira was growing, but ship wakes and flotsam debris appears to 

have damaged patches of the growth. Mixed success. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 264 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.400 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 83D-2158 Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harbour Island 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 56' 08" Longitude (W): 82 

31' C3" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay area; Sparkman Channel 

Directions to the site: Seddon Island; along Sparkrnan Channel; E-side of Harbor 

Island, Site B. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991); T. H. 

Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991); T. H. Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 27% (Crewz & Lewis), 

60% (Roberts); 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina alternijlora was growing, but uneven elevations created pooling that 

drowned some plants. This area was behind a berm from Site A, thus semi-protected from 

ship wakes. Deemed a mixed success by Crewz and Lewis. - Roberts found a few birds, raccoon and rabbit tracks, and many killifish. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 375 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted ( 

COE Permit 1 

lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

0.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 41'15" Longitude (W): 82 

31' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Cockroach Channel 

Directions to the site: At end of Cockroach Bay Road 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh name: Cockroach Bay Boat Ramp. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 368 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1989 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.740 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 53' 10" Longitude (W): 82 

24' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: Off Tamiami Trail, south of Port Sutton. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SW 

Florida Water Management District, Surface Water Improvement and Management 

Program, 7601 Highway 301 N, Tampa, FL 33637, (813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Birds and fish. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Some sampling has been done by SWIM. Comments that the marsh is coalescing 

nicely and more animals are using the area. 

- Marsh name: Delaney Creek. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 367 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Tampa Port Authority 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 53' 50" Longitude (W): 82 

24' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: Off US Bus.45(= Rd. 41), south of Port Sutton. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh:' If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: Tampa Port Authority 
Marsh Inventory No.: 647 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1993 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 4.897 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: SWIM and City of Tampa 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 50' 00" Longitude (W): 82 

28' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: At the end of Interbay Peninsula, on the MacDill AFB, in the SE 

corner. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SW Florida Water 

Management District, Surface Water Improvement and Management Program, 7601 

Highway 301 N, Tampa, FL 33637, (813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Will be completed in Dec '93 or spring '94. - Marsh name: MacDill AFB, No.2 - N of Gadsden Point. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 677 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 12/01/93 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 7.123 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: U.S. Air Force and SWIM 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 49' 25" Longitude (W): 82 

23' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: MacDill Air Force Base; Gadsden Point, Tampa 

Source of planting information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SW Florida Water 

Management District, Surface Water Improvement and Management Program, 7601 

Highway 301 N, Tampa, FL 33637, (813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 371 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 50' 56" Longitude (W): 82 

24' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: North side of Bird Island 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh name: Bird Island. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 617 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1979 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 52' 24" Longitude (W): 82 

25' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: Dredged material Island 2D 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SWIM, 

(813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Furnished Spartina altemijlora transplant material for another project. This 

marsh's recovery was evaluated (Courtney 1991). The marsh filled in the 1-m wide 

harvested zones within a growing season. - Henningsen said this marsh was coalescing nicely; successful. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 679 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 51' 20" Longitude (W): 82 

'13' <A" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: A little N of the end of Interbay Peninsula and west of MacDill 

AFB . 

Source of planting information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SW Florida Water 

Management District, Surface Water Improvement and Management Program, 7601 

Highway 301 N, Tampa, FL 33637, (813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Will be finished in 1993. - Marsh name: Picnic Island. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 370 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 52' 00" Longitude (W): 82 

24' 13" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: West shoreline of East Tampa. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; Henningsen, 1993) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 and 1993 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh is doing well (filling in). 

- Marsh name: Gypsum Stack. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 365 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983? 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.800 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 49' 35" Longitude (W): 82 

29' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay. 

Directions to the site: At the end of Interbay Peninsula, on the MacDill AFB, a Little W 

of the SE comer. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 60%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Few birds; a rat; raccoon tracks; many killifish; - Marsh name: MacDill AFB, No. 1 
Marsh Inventory No.: 266 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1979 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.700 hectares 

COE Permit No.: None Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Sunken Island 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 48' 25" Longitude (W): 82 

26' 01" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay; Alafia River Mouth. 

Directions to the site: Northwest end of Sunken Island 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 26%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina alterniflora was growing well at low elevations; black and white 

mangrove had invaded as expected, and was doing very well amongst the S. altemijlora at 

higher elevations. Successful. - S. altemijZora colonizes an area but then loses dominance as mangroves invade 

and displace the cordgrass. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 670 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1978 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 51' 49" Longitude (W): 82 

23' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay; Archie Creek 

Directions to the site: Archie Creek between 45 and 78 th St. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; Henningsen, 1993) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986; 1993 

Was .there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: One-acre Marsh 
Marsh Inventory No.: 369 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1988 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 51' 49" Longitude (W): 82 

23' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay; Archie Creek 

Directions to the site: Archie Creek between 45 and 78 th St. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; Henningsen, 1993) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986; 1993 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh name: One-acre Marsh 
Marsh Inventory No.: 262 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1978 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.500 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 76-074 Date of COE Permit: 1976 

Originator or Applicant for permit: The Gardinier, Inc. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 51' 49" Longitude (W): 82 

23' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay; Archie Creek. 

Directions to the site: East Tampa, at The Gardinier, Inc. property on Archie Creek 

off the Alafia River 

Source of planting information: Crewz and Lewis, and Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee 

Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; Roberts, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 84%, 1986 (Crewz & 

Lewis); 72%, 1987 (Roberts) 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes, (Roberts, 1991). Fisheries 

species, birds, mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Roberts found many birds, several rats and mice, and many killifish. Crewz and 

Lewis also surveyed this marsh and deemed it successful, however, fine silt drainage from 

this area appeared to be negatively impacting a natural marsh downstream. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 366 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1 -21.4 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: City of Tampa 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 57' 05" Longitude (W): 82 

24' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Hillsborough Bay; McKay Bay 

Directions to the site: Northernmost branch of McKay Bay, south of Rd. 618. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SWIM, 

(813) 985-7481 est. 2202 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Spartina patens 

and Paspalurn distichurn. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1986 and 1993. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries studies with monthly 

sampling since Marl92 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh doing well, and being used by birds, reptiles and fish. - Marsh name: McKay Bay 
Marsh Inventory No.: 255 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.142 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 84W-0514 Date of COE Permit: 07/03/84 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wilson Company 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 57' 52" Longitude (W): 82 

33' 08" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Fish Creek off 589-Bayport C 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 2%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Planted Spartina altemiflora was dying; substrate was too low, and there was too 

much wave impact. Failure. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 254 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 84W-0514 Date of COE Permit: 07/03/84 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wilson Company 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 57' 52" Longitude (W): 82 

33' 08" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Fish Creek off 589-Bayport B 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 45%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comment. about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemiJlora was growing well, good topography, but there was no room 

for expansion with sealevel rize. Successful. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 256 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 84W-0514 Date of COE Permit: 07/03/84 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wilson Company 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 58' 52" Longitude (W): 82 

33' 08" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Fish Creek off 589-Bayport D 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (8 13) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 1%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemifora was growing poorly; site's substrate was too low and had 

poor tidal flushing. Failure. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 53 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 84W-0514 Date of COE Permit: 07/03/84 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wilson Company 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 57' 52" Longitude (W): 82 

33' 08" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Fish Creek off 589-Bayport A 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 16%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemijlora was growing, but humans were trampling it. Mixed 

success. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 372 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.100 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 82(?)-0048 Date of COE Permit: 06/04/05 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Gandy Bridge Boat Ramp 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Latitude (N): 27 53' 25" Longitude (W): 82 

32' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay. 

Directions to the site: Under the east end of Gandy Bridge off the Interbay Pennisula, 

Tampa. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (8 13) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991; Roberts, 

1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991 ; Roberts, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 25% 1986 (Crewz & 

Lewis); 50% 1987 (Roberts) 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- This area had too low of elevations in its interior for cordgrass establishment, and 

was deemed a failure by Crewz and Lewis (1991) in their survey made in the spring of 

1986. - No birds, a rat, signs of rabbits, and many killifish were found by Roberts 

(1991). 
Marsh Inventory No.: 253 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: None Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Seagrove 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 37' 10" Longitude (W): 80 21' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Indian River Lagoon 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 37%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemi@ra and mangrove well established; good flushing and 

topography. Successful. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 752 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 07/01/85 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.640 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Andreas Gotzfried (305) 867-2000 is the 

contact person 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 34' 00?" Longitude (W): 80 

19' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Vero Beach; Hwy. A-1-A 5 miles S of State Rd 60; a tidal 

creek-loop system connected through a fringing mangrove swamp to the Indian River. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% March-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemiflora clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. Thick band of Spartina 

along edge. Spartina inside has largely (90%) been replaced by mangroves. The area also 

has Batis, Salicornia, Sesuvium, and Sueda. 

- Marsh name: Sea Grove 
Marsh Inventory No.: 753 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 04/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.250 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Henry Muller or Steve Moler (407) 231-4223 

are the contact people. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 51' 05" Longitude (W): 80 29' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Sebastian; US 1 at S end of city limits; created on a peninsula 

between harbor and Indian River. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Paspalurn 

vaginaturn 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% July-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemijbra clumps were planted on 3-ft centers. Saltmarsh grasses 

were planted as an initial stabilizer community and as a nursery for mangrove 

establishment. Spartina has been mostly replaced by mangroves in the interior. - Marsh name: River Run Condo 
Marsh Inventory No.: 778 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 10/01/8 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.404 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bob Lynds is the contact person. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 28 04' 40" Longitude (W): 80 36' 

10" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Melbourne; Hwy 192 at the Indian River; fringing shoreline 

with coquina rock revetment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens 

and Distichlis spicata were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95-100% cover as of 

Sept-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Coquina boulder break water was installed at the toe zone to prevent erosion. 

Mangroves are beginning to invade the marsh, especially in a 1 acre marsh on the N side of 

the point ( about 50% mangrove as of Sept-93). - Marsh name: Melbourne Harbor S. altemzjlura clumps were planted on 2-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 779 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 03/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.210 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: George Fleming (407) 783-6153 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 36' OO?" Longitude (W): 80 

20' OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Vero Beach; A-1-A 5 miles S of State Rd. 60; fringing marsh 

along shoreline. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80-90% cover as of 

Jun-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemifira clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. The Spartina marsh is 

being invaded by mangroves. The marsh was established for erosion control and intertidal 

habitat. - Marsh name: Sand Pointe 
Marsh Inventory No.: 765 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 07/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 28.410 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ron Andrews (407) 778-0503 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 37' 30?" Longitude (W): 80 

22' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Vero Beach; U.S. 1 N of Vero Beach and between 45th and 51st 

streets; rehabilitated tidal marsh in an old mosquito impoundment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina bakeri, 

Iris virginica, Pontederia cordata, Sagitaria lancifolia, Distichlis spicata, Sporobolus 

virginicus, Spartina patens, Sesuvium portulacastrum; Juncus roemerianus, Batis 

maritima, Salicomia virginica were planted onl.5-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95100% cover by 

marsh plants, as of Nov-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - The estuarine and freshwater marshes have reached nearly 100% ground cover 

throughout the project. Additional species have invaded from adjacent areas. Mangrove 

invasion in some areas. - Marsh name: Grand Harbor. S. alterniJlora clumps were planted on 1.5-ft 

centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 766 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 03/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.975 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Reese Kessler (407) 699-4222 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 34' 00?" Longitude (W): 80 

21' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River 

Directions to the site: Vero Beach; U.S.1 S of Vero Beach, 1 mile S of Oslo Rd.; 

enclosed created tidal wetland, tidal flats. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Avicennia 

germinans, Scirpus validus, Sagittaria lancifolia, Pontederia cordata; Batis maritimu and 

Salicomia virginica were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% by S. alterniflora; 

100% cover by FW planting. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemiflora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. Mangroves are 

beginning to dominate some areas of the Spartina marsh. Freshwater plantings have 

covered their areas and are spreading further. 

- Marsh name: Grove Isle. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 618 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.450 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Sea Grove West 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 38' 00" ? Longitude (W): 80 

22' 30" ? 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River; 

Directions to the site: Sea Grove West; Vero Beach 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 40%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Modest marsh establishment. No birds; a couple of rats; raccoon tracks; few 

killifish. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 261 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 05/01/76 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Yes, but not known Date of COE Permit: 1976 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Private land developer 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Indian River Latitude (N): 27 40' 57" Longitude (W): 80 22' 

13" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River; McCullers Cove 

Directions to the site: NE comer of McCullers Cove, about 5 krn N of Riomar which 

is E of Vero Beach. At the SW tip of the residential development bulkhead. 

Source of planting information: A. Banner, 1977 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Banner, 1977) 

References or reports: (Banner, 1977) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia nitida 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 90%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? A general sampling of fish, shellfish, 

and benthos was made. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina alterniflora and mangrove well established; good flushing and 

topography. Successful. - Many organisms typical of the estuary were found in the restored area, fewer 

benthic organisms were found in the thick Spartina marsh than away from it. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 756 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 04/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 39.050 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bob Snyder (407) 746-7290 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Martin Latitude (N): 26 55' OO?" Longitude (W): 80 04' 20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Loxahatchee River 

Directions to the site: Jupiter; Alternate A-1-A, 1 mile S of S.R. 706; interconnecting 

system of canals and tidal marsh shelves, connected by 4 inlets. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Batis maritima, 

Sporobolus virginicus, Distichlis spicata, Juncus roemerianus, Avicennia germinans and 

Rhizophora mangle. The grasses were palnted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover in 90 acres 

by mangroves or saltmarsh species. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Most of the Spartina has been replaced (displaced) by volunteer mangroves. 

Cordgrass fring dominates the waterward edges. - Marsh name: Admirals Cove 
Marsh Inventory No.: 257 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1981 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.500 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 80M-0276 Date of COE Permit: 1980 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Monroe Latitude (N): 25 06' 39" Longitude (W): 80 24' 52" 

Bay and sub-bays: Key Largo 

Directions to the site: Parallel to Highway A1A for several miles on Key Largo. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991); A. Mager 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Avicennia 

germinam 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 12% - cordgrass; 8% - 

mangroves, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemifora was growing poorly; site's substrate was too low and had 

poor tidal flushing. The mangroves' roots could not penetrate very far in the rocky 

substrate. Failure. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 764 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 12/01/79 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 5.463 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Don Shakelford (407) 627-5 110 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Palm Beach Latitude (N): 26 53' 30" Longitude (W): 80 05' 

OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: ICW 

Directions to the site: Palm Beach Gardens; Donald Ross Rd., W of ICW; loop 

system of created tidal canals with narrow tidal beaches. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemifora clumps were planted 2'on center (=ox.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline ~siociates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Spartina patens, 

Sporobolus virginicus, Distichlis spicata, and Paspalurn vaginaturn were planted on 2-ft 

centers; Avicennia gerrninans, Rhizophora mangle, and Luguncularia racemosa. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80-100% Spartina 

cover; thinner areas of mangrove cover, as of May-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted over a long time: Dec-79 thru May-90. Most of the intertidal shelves are 

successfully vegetated, although some areas are sparse; heavy invasion by mangrove 

volunteers. 

- Marsh name: Frenchman's Creek. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 755 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 11/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.500 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Don Shackelford (305) 627-51 10 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Palm Beach Latitude (N): 26 53' OO?" Longitude (W): 80 

05' 05?" 

Bay and sub-bays: ICW 

Directions to the site: Palm Beach Gardens; tidal canal connencted to the Intracoastal 

via culverts; just N of Donald Ross Rd. on Cypress Creek RD; fringing marsh along steep 

bank. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'011 center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Juncus 

roemerianus, Avicennia gerrninans, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle were 

planted on 2-ft centers. Rhizophora was in 1-gal containers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover, but is all 

mangrove. As of Jan-92 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Most of the grasses and rushes have been displaced by the mangroves. The 

mangroves have formed a 10- 15' tall dense hedge. 

- Marsh name: Cypress Creek 
Marsh Inventory No.: 754 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 06/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.100 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Robert Snyder (305) 746-7290 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Palm Beach Latitude (N): 26 56' OO?" Longitude (W): 80 

04' 20?" 

Bay and sub-bays: ICW 

Directions to the site: Jupiter; S side of Jupiter Inlet on a high energy shoreline. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 1.5'on center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle was planted on 3-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 70% cover by Spartina; 

mangroves about 100% cover as of Aug-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- The mangroves and Spartina have grown and spread, holding erosion in check 

and covering the shoreline. There was partial protection of the planting site by a rock 

revetment. 

- Marsh name: Harpoon Louie's 
Marsh Inventory No.: 357 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.003 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 1990 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Lakeside Palms Development 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Palm Beach Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Lake Worth 

Directions to the site: I 95 to 6 th Ave South. East to South Palm Way or to lakeside. 

Go South. Lakeside Palms is on the east 8-10 blocks away. 

Source of planting information: Caroline Hanes, Florida Dept. of Environmental 

Regulation, SE District Office, 1900 S. Congress Ave., Suite A, West Palm Beach, FL 

33406, (407) 433-2650. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Caroline Hanes, Florida Dept. of 

Environmental Regulation, SE District Office, 1900 S. Congress Ave., Suite A, West Palm 

Beach, FL 33406, (407) 433-2650. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina well setablished on 5/92. Status reports availabel. Mitigation is 

considered successful as of 5/92. File # 501750906. 2 Sites, 150 sq. ft. and 225 sq. ft. 

planted. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 356 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 1989 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Russell Wilson 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Palm Beach Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Loxatchee River Cove 

Directions to the site: South of Jupiter inlet, east of Loxatchee River. Take I 95 to 

Indian Town Road. Go East to AlA, north to Saturn St., east on Saturn to end of the 

road. Located Between some townhouses and a house at the north end of Saturn St. 

Source of planting information: Caroline Hanes, Florida Dept. of Environmental 

Regulation, SE District Office, 1900 S. Congress Ave., Suite A, West Palm Beach, FL 

33406, (407) 433-2650. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Caroline Hanes, Florida Dept. of 

Environmental Regulation, SE District Office, 1900 S. Congress Ave., Suite A, West Palm 

Beach, FL 33406, (407) 433-2650. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 75% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: - As of 10191 Spartina had grown to 4'. No status reports have been submitted, 

but the site has been monitered. File # 501426206. 400 sq. ft. planted. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 379 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1987 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004? hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 42' 00" Longitude (W): 82 39' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Main Channel 

Directions to the site: South of Pinellas Point Drive, between Maxima Point and Point 

Pinellas. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: Pinellas Point. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 377 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 57' 30" Longitude (W): 82 42' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Bayview, south of the Courtney Campbell Parkway 

Source of planting information: 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh name: Bayview. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 259 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.500 hectares . I. - 

COE Permit No.: 83T-0476 Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Feather Sound 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 54' 15" Longitude (W): 82 39' 35" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Feather Sound Site B; On the west side of Big Island; St. 

Petersburg 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 11%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemijlora was growing at the higher elevation; drainage creek blocked 

flushing, drowning the lower S. altemiflora was replanted after the Crewz & Lewis 

survey. Mixed failure. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 249 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.400 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 54' 20" Longitude (W): 82 39' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Directions to the site: Feather Cove; 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Robin Lewis, (813) 889-9684 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Rhizophora 

mangle 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 13% - cordgrass, 2% - 

mangroves; 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Too much freshwater and nutrients in the area allowed souther cat-tail to become 

extablished and to crowd out the cordgrass and stunt the red mangroves. Failure. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 258 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.6-Lewis; 0.53-Roberts hectares 

COE Permit No.: 83T-0476 Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Feather Sound 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 54' 15" Longitude (W): 82 39' 35" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay; 

Directions to the site: Feather Sound Site A; On the west side of Big Island; St. 

Petersburg 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Robin Lewis, (813)\889-9684 ; 

(Roberts, 199 1) 

References or reports: Crewz and Lewis, 1991; (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 87% (Crews & Lewis); 

55% (Roberts); 1986. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes, by Roberts. Birds, mammals, 

and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Few birds; many rats; raccoon tracks. Crewz and Lewis found the marsh and 

mangroves to be growing well enough to consider this planting a success. Marsh may 

convert to black mangrove forest later. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 265 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 82C-1099 Date of COE Permit: 1982 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Las Fontanas 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 54' 50" Longitude (W): 82 42' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay; Cross Bayou Canal. 

Directions to the site: East of 686 where the road turns south at High Point 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 91%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina alternijlora was growing where Brazilian pepper had been removed; 

some colonization by red mangrove had started. Successful. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 260 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 82D-0339 Date of COE Permit: 1984 

Originator or Applicant for permit: FM 92 Radio Tower 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 28 00' 54" Longitude (W): 82 41' 04" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay; Safety Harbor 

Directions to the site: Radio tower site east of 590, north of Phillipe Point. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc., P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Robin Lewis, (813) 889-9684 

References or reports: (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 34%, 1986 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartim altemijlora was growing at lower and higher elevation areas; black 

mangrove was starting to colonize the higher area. Mixed success. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 378 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 4.047 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: SWIM and City of St. Petersburg 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas Latitude (N): 27 49' 10" Longitude (W): 82 37' 07" 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Placido Bayou 

Directions to the site: W of Riveria Bay, N of the Mangrove Bay golf course, S of 

Gandy Blvd., and adjacent and S of the E end of 78th Ave NE 

Source of planting information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SW Florida Water 

Management District, Surface Water Improvement and Management Program, 7601 

Highway 301 N, Tampa, FL 33637, (8 13) 985-748 1 ext. 2202 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Brandt Henningsen, SWIM, 

(813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternilflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fish, invertebrates and birds. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- This was a successful restoration and creation project. Many fisheries organisms 

have been caught in monitoring sampling. Bird sitings confirm bird utilization of the 

marsh. - Marsh name: Mangrove Bay. 
93 

Marsh Inventory No.: 619 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.6 10 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Thunder Bay 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Pinellas ? Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Tampa Bay; Thunder Bay 

Directions to the site: Thunder Bay; St. Petersburg 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternijlora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 52%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh was successful. Few birds; a rat; many killifish. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 760 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 01/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.63 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Randall Gentry (904) 824-0888 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: St. Johns Latitude (N): 29 54' OO?" Longitude (W): 81 18' 

30?" 

Bay and sub-bays: St. Augustine Inlet 

Directions to the site: St. Augustine; N side of St. Augustine Inlet; cove and fringing 

marsh. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Distichlis spicata 

and Juncus roemerianus were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover by Spartina 

and high marsh. as of may-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Used a coquina rock revetment which subsided after awhile, but not before the 

marsh became established. Revetment placed at MLW broke the waves that were causing 

severe shoreline erosion. - Marsh name: Porpoise Point 
Marsh Inventory No.: 758 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 02/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.560 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: David Lavine (407) 452-2580 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 11' 35" Longitude (W): 8 1 00' 

00? " 

Bay and sub-bays: Halifax River 

Directions to the site: Daytona Beach; Palmetto Ave N of Hwy 400; border of 

Daytona Beach and South Daytona; perimeter marsh along canal. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on center (=ox.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Distichlis spicata, 

Sporobolus virginicus, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Avicennia germinans. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover by Spartina 

and high marsh species, as of Oct-93. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Mangroves died during subsequent freezes, but black mangrove seedlings are 

now re-establishing in the Spartinu. - Marsh name: Post Cove 
Marsh Inventory No.: 759 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 04/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 8.721 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Steve Tonjes (904) 736-5445 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 00' 00" Longitude (W): 80 54' 

OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Halifax River 

Directions to the site: New Smyrna Beach; several sites in SE Volusia county; 7 sites 

mostly spoil islands that had been denuded by frost damage to mangrove forests. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemifora clumps were planted Yon center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline ~siociates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus was planted on 3-ft centers; Avicennia germinans seedlings were palnted onl0-ft 

centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 85-100% cover 

achieved by all planted areas, as of Feb- 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting extended from April-Dec in 1988-90. Most of the mangroves died in 

freezes, but natural colonization has more than replaced them. Some Spartim areas are 

being displaced by mangroves volunteer seedlings. 

- Marsh name: Lytle Ave. Bridge 
Marsh Inventory No.: 777 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 06/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.061 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mrs. Coleman (904) 252-7246 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 08' 30" Longitude (W): 80 58' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Halifax River 

Directions to the site: Daytona Beach; Peninsula Drive 4 miles S of State Rd. 400; 

fringing shoreline marsh. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on center (=o.c.) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens 

and Paspalum vaginatum were planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% cover as of July93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina has filled in completely and has spread 25' to the west. The marsh has 

protected the land from erosion. 

- Marsh name: Henry Coleman 
98 

Marsh Inventory No.: 784 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 03/01/91 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.287 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Jeanne Tolley (904) 258-31 17 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 13' OO?" Longitude (W): 8 1 01' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Halifax River 

Directions to the site: Daytona Beach; South Beach Street half mile S of U.S. Hwy 

92; fringing intertidal shoreline along outer perimeter of boat harbor. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc. Port Orange, 

FL (904) 767-6232. S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on centers. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus was planted on 2-ft centers; Spartina bakeri. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50-75% as of Oct-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - The high marsh and Spartinu altemzjlora are growing, but coverage is only 50- 

75%. There is no breakwater and the substrate is rocky which make complete coverage by 

the marsh difficult. Some replanting of S. alterniflora was needed. 

- S. altemiflora clumps were planted 2'on centers. Marsh name: Halifax Harbor 
Marsh Inventory No.: 621 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: FL 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.280 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 08' 45" ? Longitude (W): 80 58' 

55" ? 

Bay and sub-bays: Halifax River 

Directions to the site: Bouchelle Island; Port 'Orange 

Source of planting information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, 

Cookeville, TN 38505 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Roberts, 1991) 

References or reports: (Roberts, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternijlora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 74%, 1987 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries species, birds, 

mammals, and epibenthic snails. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Marsh was successful. No birds; a few rats; several typically estuarine fish . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 769 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 11/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.25 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Paul Kosmas (904) 427-6892 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 01' 00" Longitude (W): 80 54' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: ICW (Indian River North) 

Directions to the site: New Smyrna Beach; State Rd. 44 (North Causeway); fringing 

marsh along ICW (Indian River North) and high marsh in protected cove. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus and Distichlis spicata we planted on 2-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95-100% cover by 

Spartina and high marsh, as of April-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Spartina altemijlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. Dense saltmarsh 

established to replace freeze killed mangroves. - Marsh name: Marina Bay. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 768 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 03/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.328 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Alice Williamson (904) 756-0171 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 12' 00?" Longitude (W): 81 00' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River North 

Directions to the site: Daytona Beach Shores; S. Peninsula Dr., 4 miles N of 

Dunlawton Ave.; created intertidal shoreline behind coquina rock revetment. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: I 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Sporo bolus 

virginicus was planted on 1-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100% by each species 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartinu altemijbra clumps were planted on 1-ft centers. The revetment has 

allowed the plants from the planted area to expand down to the MLW line. - Marsh name: C.B. Williamson 
Marsh Inventory No.: 770 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 07/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.109 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: David Hopple (904) 253-5204 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 01' 40" Longitude (W): 80 55' 

oo?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River North 

Directions to the site: New Smyrna Beach; N end of Atlantic Ave (A-1-A), narrow 

planting area between two coquina rock revetments. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 3881 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Sporobolus 

virginicus was planted on 15ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 90-100% as of Sept-93 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemifira clumps were planted on 1 -5-ft centers. Shoreline 

stabilization project and native grass storrnwater retention area. - Marsh name: Spy Glass 
Marsh Inventory No.: 781 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: FL 

Date Planted: 12/01/85 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.599 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harriet hickox (904) 427-1239 is the contact 

person. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: FL County: Volusia Latitude (N): 29 04' OO?" Longitude (W): 80 58' 

OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Indian River; Callalosa Creek 

Directions to the site: New Smyrna Beach; State Rd. 44 between Indian River North 

and Callalosa Creek; fringing marsh completely surrounding N, E, and S sides of dredged 

material deposition island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, Inc., Shoreline 

Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767-6232. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Steve Beeman, Ecoshores, 

Inc., Shoreline Associates, 388 1 South Nova Road, Port Orange, FL 32 127, (904) 767- 

6232. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : Distichlis spicata, 

Spartina patens, Paspalum vaginatum, Sporobolus virginicus, Batis maritima and 

Salicornia virginica were planted on 2-ft centers; Avicennia gerrninans. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 85-100% cover as of 

NOV-93. 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Not assessed. 

General comments about the marsh: - Spartina altemijlora clumps were planted on 2-ft centers. The construction of the 

sloping wood-slat breakwater has allowed the creation of a vegetated intertidal shoreline 

where severe wave erosion had existed. - Marsh name: Bouchelle Island. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 299 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: ME 

Date Planted: 1979 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.376 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Portland Water District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: ME County: Cumberland Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Atlantic Ocean; Fore River 

Directions to the site: From stations 1+75 to station 22+45 north and south of 

Congress St., Portland, ME. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemijlora was10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

irregular. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Fore River. 
Marsh Inventory No.: . 292 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: ME 

Date Planted: 05/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.619 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Portland Water District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: ME County: Cumberland Latitude (N): 43 40' 20?" Longitude (W): 70 

15' 40?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Casco Bay; Back Cove 

Directions to the site: Between Vannah and George Sts., Portland, ME, on Back 

Cove. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: cove shoreline (linear). 

ME DEP Permit # 03-2153-05170. Bare spots noted in marsh at end of first growing 

season. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Back Cove 
Marsh Inventory No.: 296 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: ME 

Date Planted: 1978 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4044 ha): 0.417 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wells Sanitary District, P.O. Box 425, Wells 

ME 04090 

Location of the marsh. 

State: ME County: York Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Altantic Ocean; Wells Harbor 

Directions to the site: Contact the Wells Sanitary District (207) 646-5906 for specific 

directions. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover. attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Wells Sanitary District. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 308 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 04/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NABOP-FN-80-0085-2 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Locke Insulators Inc. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Baltimore City Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Patapsco River 

Directions to the site: Between Potee and Hanover Sts., south of Reedbird Ave., 

Baltimore MD. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. .The site was destroyed by a suspected herbicide dumping. - Marsh name: Locke Insulator 
Marsh Inventory No.: 304 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 06/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.372 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: MD State Highway Administration 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Baltimore City Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Patapsco River 

Directions to the site: Patapsco River at 6386 York Rd, Baltimore, MD. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

0 ther species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 5,363 Scirpus 

americanus were also planted on 1.5-ft centers. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Application # NABOP-F80-013202. Permit # BC 246-42- 

815. - Marsh name: City Garage Baltimore. 
109 

Marsh Inventory No.: 330 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.035 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: MD State Highway Administration 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Baltimore City Latitude (N): 39 12' 50" Longitude (W): 76 

32' 15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Patapsco River 

Directions to the site: Southwestern shoulder of the Francis Scott Key Bridge at 

Hawkins Point. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 , r 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the ' planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: linear. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Federal Assistance Program # 1-95-4 (45) 3 1. MDSHA# 

BC-246-131-815. - Marsh name: Hawkins Point. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 329 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 09/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.971 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NACOP-FW(Helfrich, G.W.)80-0244-2 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: George Helfrich, 1320 N. Monroe, Baltimore, 

MD 21217. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Baltimore City Latitude (N): 39 15' 20" Longitude (W): 76 

37' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Patapsco River, Middle Branch 

Directions to the site: Take the Baltimore-Washington Parkway east to the Waterview 

Ave. exit. Take Waterview Ave. east. The site is at the bottom slope of a landfill. Park at 

old landfill entrance and walk north , entrance is on the left. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. . Garbage has floated into the marsh, covering some of it 

(March, 1993). 

- Marsh name: Tower Marina 
Marsh Inventory No.: 316 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 04/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.035 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Baltimore RESCO 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Baltimore City Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Patapsco River; Middle Branch. 

Directions to the site: Adjacent to 1-95, E of Annapolis Rd, and W of Swann Park, 

Baltimore MD. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: 2 sites: oval. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Rust International. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 283 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Baltimore District Army Corps of Engineers 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: Dorchester Latitude (N): 38 30' 10" Longitude (W): 76 17' 

07 " 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Little Choptank River; Slaughter Creek. 

Directions to the site: Cove facing Travers Cove on the S side of Hooper Point on 

Taylors Island and at the mouth of Slaughter Creek. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Environmental Effects of 

Dredging Vol. D-88-6, Dec. 1988 WES, Vicksburg, MS. 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Planting density of S. altemiflora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

semi-circle. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. Contract # DACW 31-86-M-0339. 

This is a beneficial use of dredge spoil project. 

- Marsh name: Slaughter Creek. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 281 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/82 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 6.475 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Baltimore District Army Corps of Engineers. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: Dorchester Latitude (N): 38 20' 21" Longitude (W): 76 15' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Tar Bay. 

Directions to the site: In Tar Bay just 1 km off the NE tip of Barren Island. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Earhart & Garbisch,l983) 

References or reports: (Earhart & Garbisch,l983) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: Estimated to be >50% 

as of 1983 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemiflora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

irregular. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. This was a beneficial use of dredged 

material project. 

- Marsh name: Barren Island #1. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 315 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 07/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 6.475 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Baltimore District Army Corps of Engineers. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Dorchester Latitude (N): 38 20' 20" Longitude (W): 76 15' '11 " 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Tar Bay. 

Directions to the site: Northeast side of Barren Island, facing Tar Bay. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemijZora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

irregular. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. Contract # DACW31-81-C-0073. This 

was a beneficial use of dredge spoil project. - Marsh name: Barren Island #2. ' 
Marsh Inventory No.: 317 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (1 acre = 0.4047 ha): 0.93 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US Army COE, Baltimore District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Northumberland Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Little Wicomico River 

Directions to the site: Rt. 652 at Smith Point at the mouth of the Little Wicomico 

River. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. COE Contract # DACW31-85-C-0015. This is a dredge 

spoil planting project. 

- Marsh name: Little Wicomico Planting. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 324 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.769 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Dutton and Garfield Inc., P.O. Box 746, 

Manchester, NH 03105. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Queen Annes Latitude (N): 38 58' 25" Longitude (W): 76 

15' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Eastern Bay; Prospect Bay; Kent Narrows 

Directions to the site: In the SE comer of Egg Harbor just W of Kent Narrows Rd. 

and N of US Hwy. 50. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 0.8 acres of 

Typha angustifolia and 0.8 acres of Scirpus americanus. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemiflora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

irregular. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Eastern Shore Outlet Center. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 322 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 06/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.607 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ellwood Thompson 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Queen Annes Latitude (N): 38 57' 12" Longitude (W): 76 

13' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Eastern Bay; Prospect Bay; Marshy Creek 

Directions to the site: Cove on S margin of Marshy Creek just 4 krn WSW of 

Grasonville. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemiflora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

half-moon. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Oyster Cove. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 289 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 04/01/76 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.018 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NABOP-F/4 (Corinthiarn Yacht Club) 73-30 Date of COE 

Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Corinthian Yacht Club, Ridge, MD. 20680 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: St. Mary's Latitude (N): 38 07' 05" Longitude (W): 76 23' 

48" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Smith Creek; Jutland Creek; Deep Cove 

Directions to the site: At the eastern corner of the mouth of Deep Cove as it enters 

Jutland Creek, about i krn NE of Wynne, St. Mary's County, MD. Planted behind a 

bulkhead. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemifira was planted on 1-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Corinthian Yacht Club. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 327 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 06/01/88 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.344 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: MD State Highway Administration. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 35' 45" Longitude (W): 76 01' OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Choptank River, Bolingbroke Creek 

Directions to the site: W shore of Bolingbroke Creek about 0.5 lun N of where it 

opens into the Choptank River, at Highlys Beach. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemziflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Choptank River Bridge. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 341 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/91 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.016 hectares 

COE Permit No.: CENAB-OP-RS(BALDWIN,WH) 89-1221-4 Date of COE 

Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: William Baldwin 

Location of the marsh. 

state: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 51' 08" Longitude (W): 76 15' 55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Harris Creek, Dogwood Harbor 

Directions to the site: Between Dogwood Harbor Rd and South Absontown Rd, at 

Dogwood Harbor on Tilghman Island, MD. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: , , 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemiJlor-a was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline, rectangular. 

Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Blue Haven. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 320 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 04/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.607 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Walter Johnston Seedling 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 47' 02" Longitude (W): 76 10' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Miles River 

Directions to the site: On Marengo Farm Rd. at Hunting Creek. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. This was a MD State Tidelands violation and settlement 

approved by the Baltimore District COE. - Marsh name: Johnston. MD State Wetlands License # 81-WL-011 I@). Notice 

of violation #'s 85WV051 and 85WV052. Waterfowl damage happened after planting. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 325 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/73 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US Army COE, Fort Belvoir, VA . 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 51' 20" Longitude (W): 76 15' 55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; San Domingo Creek 

Directions to the site: 9 km NNW of St. Michaels, on the NW facing shore about 1.5 

krn SW of Tilghman Point, 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Garbisch, Woller, & McCallum, 

1975) 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Harnbleton Island Breach. COE Contract # DACW72-73-C-0009. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 282 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/73 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US Army COE, Fort Belvoir, VA 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 45' 15" Longitude (W): 76 13' 55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; San Domingo Creek 

Directions to the site: 3.5 krn S of St. Michaels in the mouth of San Domingo Creek at 

the breach in Hambleton Island. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Garbisch, Woller, & McCallum, 

1975) 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Hambleton Island Breach. COE Contract # DACW72-73-C-0009. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 626 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 05/01/73 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 41' 10" Longitude (W): 76 11' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Tred Avon River 

Directions to the site: Directly W across the Tred Avon River from Oxford, MD.; on 

Ferry Neck peninsula. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemijZora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Bachelor Point No. 1. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 343 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: OYO 1/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NABOP-RS-(Bachelor's Point) 86-0741-1 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bachelor Point Harbor Marina 

Location of the marsh, 

State: MD County: Talbot Latitude (N): 38 40' 32" Longitude (W): 76 10' 35" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Tred Avon River 

Directions to the site: Directly S from Oxford, MD., on the Tred Avon River shore at 

the Bachelor Point Harbor. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemifZara was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Bachelor Point No.2. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 318 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MD 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.926 hectares 

COE permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Merritt Commercial Saving and Loan 

Association. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MD County: Worcester Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Assawoman Bay 

Directions to the site: Between North and South Heron Drives, Ocean City, MD. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. altemiflora was10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

oval. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Heron Harbor. MD Tidal Division Case # 82-WL-0255 (R). 

Some seeding failure occurred and peat potted plants were later installed. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 303 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: MA 

Date Planted: 0510118 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1 .ON hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Massachusetts Metropolitan District 

Commission 

Location of the marsh. 

State: MA County: Suffolk Latitude (N): 42 23' 35" Longitude (W): 70 59' 

35" 

Bay and sub-bays: Massachusetts Bay; Boston Harbor; President Roads; Winthrop 

Bay; Belle Isle Inlet. 

Directions to the site: Belle Isle marsh reservation park, East Boston MA. Rt. 60 in 

Boston, just past Suffolk Downs Race track, left at traffic light. At next major intersection 

take left on Bennington St. Go about 1 mile. Site entrance on right across from the track. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemi$bra was planted on 2-ft centers, Marsh shape: fringe on shoreline of a 

canal. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. Initial planting problems occurred due to 

high salinity and rubble substrate. - Marsh name: Belle Isle Marsh, MA. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 305 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 1981 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NAPOP-R-N80-17 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Scarborough Corp., P.O. Box 387, Marlton, 

NJ 08053. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Atlantic Latitude (N): 39 25' 10" Longitude (W): 74 30' 

OO? " 

Bay and sub-bays: Absecon Creek 

Directions to the site: Just south (approx. 150') of Cortez Ave. and the intersection of 

Lisbon Ave., Absecon City, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternijlora : Spartina patens 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. patens was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Scarborough. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 332 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 0510118 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.08 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NAPOP-R-78-12226-3 Date of COE Permit: 1978 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harrah's Resorts. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Atlantic Latitude (N): 39 22?' Longitude (W): 74 25?' 

Bay and sub-bays: Absecon Inlet 

Directions to the site: The marina at Harrah's Resort, Atlantic City, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Harrah's Marina. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 342 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 05/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.073 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Scarboro-DiSabatino Construction, Suite 25, 

Barclay Pavilion, Rt. 70, Cherry Hill, NJ. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Atlantic Latitude (N): 39 19' 02" Longitude (W): 74 36' 50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Gt. Egg Harbor Inlet Ship Channel; Bass Harbor. 

Directions to the site: In the Somers Point Yacht Harbor. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: oval. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Somers Point Yacht Harbor. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 340 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: CENAB-OP-R-80-03968-12 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Shapiro Ripps, Trump Tower, 725 5 th Ave., 

NY, NY 10022. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Atlantic Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: 

Directions to the site: Lot 103, Block A-59, Holgate, NJ. At the end of Rosemma 

Ave., in Holgate, in back of the lot at the center of the Cul-de-sac. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar 'Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment ,made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alternij7m-a was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Marsh name: Shapiro Ripps. This was a restoration project 

required for illegal fd activity. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 319 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Bate Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 30.353 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 12746 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Hartz Mountain Development 

Location of the marsh. 

State: NJ County: Bergen Latitude (N): 40 48' 03" Longitude (W): 74 33' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Hackensack River; Cromakill Creek. 

Directions to the site: Secaucus, east side of the eastern spur of the NJ Toll Road. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Planting density of S. altemiflora was 10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Vegetation establishment has been problematic in some 

areas. 

- Marsh name: Hartz Mountain Industries Eastern Brackish Marsh. Don Smith, 

Hackensack Meadowland Development Commission (201) 460-1700 can give a tour of the 

site. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 3 11 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 06/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.174 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: NJ Turnpike Authority 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Bergen Latitude (N): 40 50' 05" Longitude (W): 74 33' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Hackensack River 

Directions to the site: Immediately south of the Vince Lombardi service area at the 

junction of the eastern and western spurs of the NJ Turnpike, south of exit 18E. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. 

NJ Turnpike Authority Contract # 780. Originally, the planting failed due to 

deconsolidated sediments which would not support plant overwintering. 

- Goose and Muskrat predation was also a problem. The site is now a mixture of 

mudflat, Eleocharis flat, and Cordgrass. Marsh shape-basin. Marsh name: NJ Turnpike 

Authority. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 331 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 1989 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 14622 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Hackensack Meadowlands Development 

Commission. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Bergen Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Mill Creek, Hackensack River 

Directions to the site: At the end of Valley Brook Ave., Lyndhurst, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Application # 87-0596-JI. Goose damage was a problem at 

this site. - Don Smith, Hackensack Meadowland Development Commission (201) 460-1700 

can give a tour of the site. Marsh name: Hackensack Meadowlands Development 

Commission 440 Shoreline. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 684 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.642 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Hackensack Meadowlands Development 

Commission. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Bergen Latitude (N): 40 48' 50" Longitude (W): 74 08' 03" 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Mill Creek, Hackensack River 

Directions to the site: Lyndhurst, NJ, next to the NJ Turnpike and bordered by 

Berry's Creek on the N and a branch of Mary Ann's Creek to the S. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Michael P. Bontje, B. Laing Associates, 

Environmental Science, 225 Main Street, Northport, NY 11768, (5 16) 261-7 170 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Bontje, 1991) 

References or reports: (Bontje, 199 1) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comment. about the marsh: - S. altemimra was planted on 3-ft centers using 3-4 stem peat pot. Marsh 

borders two tidal creek channels. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. - Appeared to be growing, but was too early to tell. Bird population had already 

increased, so people were optimistic about the future success of the project. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 306 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 0410118 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.619 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: US Army COE, New York District. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Essex Latitude (N): 40 38' 00?" Longitude (W): 74 15' OO?" 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Elizabeth River 

Directions to the site: The Elizabeth River at the Joint Meeting sewage treatment plant, 

South First St., Elizabeth, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniJlor-a was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. COE Contract # DACW-78-C-0050 - Marsh name: Elizabeth Marsh. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 323 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 30.353 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 12746 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Hartz Mountain Development 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Hudson Latitude (N): 40 48' 03" Longitude (W): 74 33' 08" 

Bay and sub-bays: Newark Bay; Hackensack River; Mill Creek. 

Directions to the site: Secaucus, west side of the eastern spur of the NJ Toll Road. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Bontje, 1988) 

References or reports: (Bontje, 1988) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fish, birds and mammals were 

assessed (Bontje, 1988). 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Planting density of S. alternifora was 10 pure live seeds per sq. ft. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. Fairly well established cordgrass population. Animal 

damage is prevalent in some areas. - Marsh name: Hartz Mountain Western Brackish Marsh. Don Smith, 

Hackensack Meadowland Development Commission (201) 460- 1700 can give a tour of the 

site. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 344 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 05/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.243 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Dresdner, Robin and Associates 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Hudson Latitude (N): 40 41' 50" Longitude (W): 74 03' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Upper New York Bay; Hudson River. 

Directions to the site: Along the south and east facing shoreline at the Water's Edge 

renovation area a few blocks N of the Morris Canal Basin, Jersey City. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemi$lora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Newport. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 301 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 04/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.890 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: William R. Cesare or James C. DeCesare 

Location of the marsh. 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 41' 16" Longitude (W): 74 09' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay (S of inlet ) 

Directions to the site: Point of land immediately east of Lagoon Drive West, Harvey 

Cedars NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. NJ Federal District Court Action # 77-1 176. - Marsh name: Long Beach NJ. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 334 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 08/01/86 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.243 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: West Bay Point Inc. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 51' 27" Longitude (W): 74 08' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay N of Barnegat Bay Inlet; Laurel Harbor 

Directions to the site: Along the shoreline of Laurel Harbor Subdivision, Lacey 

Township, Ocean County, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alternifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: horseshoe. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. NJ CAFRA Permit # 85-0716-5. - Marsh name: Laurel Harbor. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 337 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ I 

Date Planted: 05/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.130 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Michael Reed Construction Co. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 44' 20" Longitude (W): 74 07' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay S of Barnegat Inlet 

Directions to the site: Block T-166, Lots 6 and 7 on the bay shore just S of Holly 

Lagoons housing development, Long Beach Township, Ocean County, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. US District Court (NJ) Action # 87-552(GEB). - Marsh name: Michael Reed. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 295 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 05/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ocean County Sewerage Authority 

Location of the marsh. 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 39' 16 Longitude (W): 74 11' 00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay; Manahawkin Bay 

Directions to the site: Along sewer line on Bonnett Island and along access road at 

Ship Bottom shore, near where Rt. 72 crosses Manahawkin Bay to Ship Bottom, on Long 

Beach Island, NJ. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: Linear. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. EPA sewage treatment grant, project # C-34-371-01. 

Contract #'s SI-2,SI-3,SI-6. - High salinity at sights required replanting in October of 1978. Marsh name: 

Ocean County Sewage Authority. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 294 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 05/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.619 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ocean County Sewerage Authority 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 39' 33" Longitude (W): 74 11' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay; Manahawkin Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the footing of the NJ Rt. 72 causeway on Cedar Bonnett 

Island in Manahawkin Bay just W of Ship Bottom, NJ. Work was done on northern edge 

of Rt. 72. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: linear. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. EPA sewage treatment grant, project # C-34-371-01. 

Contract #'s SI-2,SI-3,SI-6. 

- High salinity at sights required replanting in October of 1978. Marsh name: 

Ocean County Sewage Authority. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 293 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NJ 

Date Planted: 05/01/78 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ocean County Sewerage Authority 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NJ County: Ocean Latitude (N): 39 40' 10" Longitude (W): 74 12' 58" 

Bay and sub-bays: Barnegat Bay; Manahawkin Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the base of the causeway where Rt. 72 begins to cross 

Manahawkin Bay over to Ship Bottom, NJ. Work was done on northern edge of Rt. 72. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alternijlora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: linear. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. EPA sewage treatment grant, project # C-34-371-01. 

Contract #'s SI-2,SI-3,SI-6. - High salinity at sights required replanting in October of 1978. Marsh name: 

Ocean County Sewage Authority. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 335 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NY 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: NY City DEP 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NY County: Richmond Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Great Kills Harbor 

Directions to the site: South of Tennyson Drive, east of Robinson Ave., west of 

Glovar Ave., Staten Island, NY. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemij-lora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: oval. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. New York City Environmental Conservation Order on 

Consent R2 0155-85-1 1. - Marsh name: Staten Island, NY. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 339 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: NY 

Date Planted: 06/01/89 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.073 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Northport Marina Associates 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NY County: Suffolk Latitude (N): 40 53' 30" Longitude (W): 73 21' 26" 

Bay and sub-bays: Long Island Sound; Huntington Bay; Northport Bay; Northport 

Harbor. 

Directions to the site: Shore immediately N of the Admirals Yacht Club and Marina 

and about 25 m S of the Scudder Park boat launch ramp. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: oval. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. NY DEC # 10-86-0780. 

- Marsh name: Northport Admirals Yacht Club and Marina. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 627 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: NC 

Date Planted: 1973 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: C.S. Benner, research 

Location of the marsh, 

State: NC County: Latitude (N): 36 10' 45" Longitude (W): 75 45' 30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Albermarle Sound; Currituck Sound 

Directions to the site: On the Currituck Sound shore of the barrier island, at the COE 

CERC Field Research Facility, Duck, NC. 

Source of planting information: (C.S. Benner et al, 1982) 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Benner et al, 1982) 

References or reports: (Benner et al, 1982) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens, 

Spartina cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, Fimbristylis spadicea, Phragmites australis, 

A. breviligulata, Panicum amarulum, and Typhu latifolia. 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? no 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Several profile surveys have been made of the planted area, one in 1978, 1979, 

1980 and 1981. The vegetation continued to expand each year, but the unvegetated control 

area remained bare during this same period. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 307 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: SC 

Date Planted: 198 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.238 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: City of North Charleston 

Location of the marsh. 

State: SC County: Dorchester Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Cooper River 

Directions to the site: Basin #1, east of Spruill Ave. and north of Token St. Basin #2, 

east of Chicora Ave., and north of Quitman St. and Baxter St., west of Spruill Ave. Basin 

#3, west of Chicora Ave., south of Orvid St., North Charleston, SC. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planting density of S. alterniflora was10 pure live seed per sq. ft. Marsh shape: 

3 oval basins. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. This was HUD project Chicora 

Retention Basin, Project # B-80-MC-45-0005-28. - Marsh name: City of North Charleston, SC. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 664 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.12 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 1510511 Date of COE Permit: 1983 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Dorchester Exploration, Inc. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 27 56'00" Longitude (W): 97 02' 

32" 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas Bay 

Directions to the site: ST. 260, about 6 mi S. of Rockport; on the SW corner of Mud 

Island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Gary Galbraith, Espey, Huston & Ass, Inc., 

(5 12) 327-6840 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Gary Galbraith 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted by Espey Huston. Evaluated in 1987, lots of erosion, wave energy to 

high. Western 400' of 87 1' X 50' planted has failed. 
150 

Marsh Inventory No.: 179 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 18172 Date of COE Permit: 11/03/87 

Originator or Applicant for 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Aransas 

55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas 

Directions to the site: Along 

permit: City of Rockport 

Latitude (N): 28 01'56" Longitude (W): 97 02' 

Bay 

the W shore of Little Bay at Rockport, TX 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 686 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1988 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Kontiki Condos 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 06'05" Longitude (W): 97 01' 

47 " 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas Bay 

Directions to the site: In a bayou just SW of Live Oak Pt, on Aransas Bay 0.5 mi S of 

the base of the causeway. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (5 12) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70%, 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Very successful (>70% cover). - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 239 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.101 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 13679 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Bishop Ship-building Corp. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 27 54'47" Longitude (W): 97 07' 

50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas Bay; Redfish Bay 

Directions to the site: N end of the harbor along the NE side; in Aransas Pass 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 177 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE ? 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 27 52' 10" Longitude (W): 97 05' 

55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas Bay; Redfish Bay 

Directions to the site: Stedman Island, SW side. 

Source of planting information: 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Thomas Minello, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551, (409) 766-3506 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70%, 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Aquatic organisms. 

General comments about the marsh: - The marsh is well established. It was sampled for fish, shellfish, and benthic 

invertebrates, as well as macro-organic matter 
1 54 

Marsh Inventory 

Date Planted: 

No.: 236 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.06 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 11405 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mitchell Energy Exp. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 10' 45" Longitude (W): 96 57' 

45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Aransas Bay; St. Charles Bay 

Directions to the site: State tracts (ST.) 69 and 387, near Rockport 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 685 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1988 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.101 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Northpoint Marina 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 03' 00" Longitude (W): 97 13' 

45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano Bay 

Directions to the site: In Port Bay on N side on small peninsula between Italian Bend 

and Rattlesnake Point. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Partial Success (>lo% cover). 
Marsh Inventory No.: 690 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: SCS - Bayside, TX 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 05' 45" Longitude (W): 97 12' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the NW shore of Copano Bay at Bayside 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Partial Success (>lo% cover). 600 sq. ft. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 689 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 

COE Permit No.: Date of 

Originator or Applicant for 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano 

Directions to the site: Along 

Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

ha): 0.121 hectares 

COE Permit: 

permit: SCS - Bayside, TX 

Latitude (N): 28 05' 30" Longitude (W): 97 12' 

Bay 

the NW shore of Copano Bay at Bayside 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70%, 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Very successful. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 688 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.121 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: SCS - Bayside, TX 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 05' 15" Longitude (W): 97 I" 

45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the NW shore of Copano Bay at Bayside 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment, information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70%, 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Very successful. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 687 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.008 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: SCS - Bayside, TX 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 05' 05" Longitude (W): 97 12' 

55" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the NW shore of Copano Bay at Bayside 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: >70%, 1992 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Very successful, 1,000 sq. ft. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 248 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.304 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 17075 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Wilmar Development Corp. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 01'45" Longitude (W): 97 07' 

52" 

Bay and sub-bays: Copano Bay; Port Bay 

Directions to the site: Cape Valero Subdiv., about 5 mi W. of Rockport 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, lX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Very successful (>70% cover). 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 692 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.364 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mitchell Energy Exp. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 10' 10" Longitude (W): 96 52' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Mesquite Bay 

Directions to the site: Mesquite Bay side of spoil banks, S of ANWR. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (5 12) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marqh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Very successful (>70% cover). - 
Marsh Inventory No.: . 691 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 3.035 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mitchell Energy Exp. 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Aransas Latitude (N): 28 09'56" Longitude (W): 96 52' 

18" 

Bay and sub-bays: Mesquite Bay 

Directions to the site: S. side of the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. 

Source ,of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an. assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animal's were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Very successful (>70% cover). 
Marsh Inventory No.: 715 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.809 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Brazoria Latitude (N): 29 10' 28" Longitude (W): 95 05' 

33" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay. 

Directions to the site: Along the NW shore of West Bay infront of the SE corner of 

Halls Lake. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: el0 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Too steep a slope and short a planting area; too deep to put in a breakwater so the 

4-5 mi fetch in the prevailing wind direction was too much. The planting washed out 

within a few months. Failure. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 705 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: 

Date Planted: 06/01/83 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 6.07 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Brazoria Latitude (N): 29 

55" 

10' 42" Longitude (W): 95 06' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay; Chocolate Bay. 

Directions to the site: Along the SE shore of Chocolate Bay at Alligator Point. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Thomas Minello, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551, (409) 766-3506 

References or reports: (Espey, Huston & Assoc., Inc., 1988) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries and benthic organisms. 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Fairly well protected, only subject to N wind waves. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 698 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 07/01/92 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.008 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Seadrift 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Calhoun Latitude (N): 28 24' 30" Longitude (W): 96 42' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: San Antonio Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the N shore (facing S) just to the E of the boat docks and 

fish houses. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 680 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1989 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Harlingen St. Bank 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): 26 06' 48" Longitude (W): 97 10' 

25" 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: 3 mi N of new causeway on the laguna side of Padre Island. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 15 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Partial Success (>lo% cover). 900 sq. ft. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 681 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: NCNB, Texas 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): 26 04' 40" Longitude (W): 97 10' 

03" 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: South of the old Queen Isabella Causeway. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted. marsh: 15 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Partial Success (>lo% cover). 2,000 sq. ft. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 246 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 16564 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: J.M. Inhofe 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): (26 04' 30") Longitude (W): (97 10' 

00") 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre; Lower Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: W. end of Capricorn St., S. Padre Isl. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 244 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 15883 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Settlement I1 (Laguna del Sol) 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): (26 04' 30") Longitude (W): (97 10' 

00'') 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre; Lower Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: Laguna del Sol Condo's, W end of Venus and Jupiter Sts.,S. 

Padre Isl. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 243 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 15832 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Settlement I1 (Laguna del Sol) 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): (26 04' 30") Longitude (W): (97 10' 

w . . ' ) 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre; Lower Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: N. end of Laguna Circle North, S. Padre Isl. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersbufg; FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternilflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of Animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? ' ? . . 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 242 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.012 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 15341 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Starrett Construction Co. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Cameron Latitude (N): (26 04' 30") Longitude (W): (97 10' ," ) 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre; Lower Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: W. end of Constellation Dr., S. Padre Isl. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

-, 
Marsh Inventory No.: 269 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1987 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Jackson Ranch 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 34' 10" Longitude (W): 94 40' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Lake Steveson, southwest corner. Lone Oak Bayou worked 

into Lake Stevenson. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 5% S. altemi$ora shoot survival 5 years later; 60% shoots with seed. California 

bulrush (Scirpus califomica) is out competing S. altemi$ora Failure (0-15%). 

- Seidensticker's Plot#3 
Marsh Inventory No.: 717 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1970 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Private owner 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 31' 20" Longitude (W): 94 45' 

<<" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: S facing shore of Smith Point. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 714 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1973 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: U.S. FWS Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge; 

J. Webb; COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 33' 45" Longitude (W): 94 29' 

15" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: Anahuac Refuge, along the SE shore of the refuge just 0.25 mi 

W of mouth of Oyster Bayou 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- This was Webb's dissertation study area. Many of the planting were washed 

out. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 196 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1978 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.005 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: U.S. FWS Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge; 

Boyscouts 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 34' 05" Longitude (W): 94 32' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: Anahuac Refuge, West Refuge Road until it hits the bay; 

planting is on the bay side of the road. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in .addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Boyscouts did the transplanting. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 268 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1958 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Brown Foundation 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 33' 25" Longitude (W): 94 36' 

50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: West windmill 1957-58; on N side of East Bay. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spal'tina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 85% S. alternij7ora shoot survival several years later; spread from 1,300 to 1,800 

ft width. Hurricane Carla wiped out a good portion of it. Good development. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 273 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: U.S. FW S Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 34' 05" Longitude (W): 94 32' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: Just southeast of plot 7. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 80% shoot survival 13 months later. Good success, 

- Seidensticker's Pl0t#6 
Marsh Inventory No.:, 272 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1986 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.010 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: U.S. FWS Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 34' 05" Longitude (W): 94 32' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: Anahuac Refuge, West Refuge Road until it hits the bay; 

planting is on the bay side of the road. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, US. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 90% shoot survival 12 months later. Small area planted behind a rock pyramid 

wavebreak. Excellent (85- 100%). - Seidensticker's Plot#7 
Marsh Inventory No.: 267 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1987 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.330 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Brown Foundation 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 32' 30" Longitude (W): 94 40' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: On the north shore of East Bay, even with the east end of Lake 

Surprize 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, US. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Sgartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 70% S. altemiJlora shoot survival 5 yrs later; slight blight attack; moderate cattle 

grazing. Good (65-85%). 1,200 ft of plastic snow fence used as wave dampening device. 

- Seidensticker's Plot#l 
Marsh Inventory No.: 270 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1988 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.324 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Brown Foundation 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 33' 25" Longitude (W): 94 36' 

50" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: West windmill on N side of East Bay; seawall addition in 1988 

just to west of original planting. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 85% S. altemiflora shoot survival 4 years later; spread and joined with the marsh 

that was planted in 1958. Good development. - Seidensticker's Plot#2 
Marsh Inventory No.: 27 1 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1989, 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.600 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Brown Foundation 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): 29 34' 40" Longitude (W): 94 36' 

40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: Lake Robinson, southwest side along a levee. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, US. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 80% shoot survival 2 years later, but cattle have severely damaged the planted 

area. Stand looks very healthy. Erosion is severe on levee bank where plants are not 

established. Established areas not spreading due to cattle grazing. - Seidensticker's Plot#5 
Marsh Inventory No.: 633 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 08/01/92 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.029 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. Dist. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: On a dredged material deposition island along the west side of 

the Anahuac River Channel at marker 17. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Giant cutgrass 

(Zinzaniopsis miliacea) 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- This plot is in the area of Trinity Delta destroyed by nutria last winter. A vinyl 

coated chain link fence was erected to keep nutria out; achieved 100% shoot survival one 

month later. 

- Seidensticker's Plot#18 
Marsh Inventory No.: 276 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 0710 119 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.010 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: On a dredged material deposition island along the west side of 

the Anahuac River, at Fish Pass. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-338 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Nutria completely ate this area. Failure - Seidensticker's PlotM 
Marsh Inventory No.: 275 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 0710119 1 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.050 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: On a dredged material deposition island along the west side of 

the Anahuac River Channel at marker 17. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternilflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Nutria and possibly grass carp ate this area completely by the winter. Failure. 

- Seidensticker's Plot#lO 
Marsh Inventory No.: 274 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 07101193 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.050 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Various Private 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the east shoreline of the old Anahuac Barge channel 

halfway between Round Point and Ash Point. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 70% shoot survival. 3 years later; free of damage and pests. Good. - Seidensticker's Pl0t#8 
Marsh Inventory No.: 280 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 08/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.109 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the shore of a dredged material deposition island at 

marker: 9 on the Anahuac River Channel, adjacent to plot 13. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made if animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 100% shoot survival. 2 weeks later; plants look good. Plastic snow fence used 

for protection against waves and nutria. Excellent. - Seidensticker's Plot#14 
Marsh Inventory No.: 279 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 08/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.010 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the shore of a dredged material deposition island at 

marker 9 on the Anahuac River Channel. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, US. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 100% shoot survival. 2 weeks later; fishermen had cut the temporary barrier 

fence, but no noticeable damage and lots of aquatic life in the plot now. A plastic snow 

fence was used to dampen waves, and to keep nutria out. Excellent. - Seidensticker's Plot#13 
Marsh Inventory No.: 278 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 08/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.017 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Chambers Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: Next to the public boat ramp at Ft. Anahuac. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Bulkheaded off by accident and destroyed. - Seidensticker's Plot#12 
Marsh Inventory No.: 277 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 08/01/90 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.109 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Chambers-Liberty Nav. District 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Chambers' Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Trinity Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the north shore at the outlet of Long Island Bayou. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Eddie Seidensticker, U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Completely eaten by nutria. Failure - Seidensticker's Plot#l 1 
Marsh Inventory No.: 709 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1983 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.833 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 20" 51.5" Longitude (W): 94 

49' 26.8" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Southern portion of little Pelican Island (the portion I\; c;:. [lie 

GIWW 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 972 1 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If sowhich animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - This marsh was smothered by dredged material when a dike broke. - Marsh name: L. Pelican Island. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 71 1 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 22' 00" Longitude (W): 94 53' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the SE facing shoreline of Snake Island; just a 0.25 mi W 

of Texas City Channel and harbor. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 697 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.024 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE I NMFS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 21' 00" Longitude (W): 94 49' 

35" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Pelican Spit, along the S shore of the thin westward projection 

of the NW spit; first portion of two. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 696 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 1 NMFS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 21' 00" Longitude (W): 94 49' 

36" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Pelican Spit, along the S shore of the thin westward projection 

of the NW spit; second portion of two. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 708 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: TX 

Date Planted: 04/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.61 8 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 20' 47.3" Longitude (W): 94 

49' 50.0" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Pelican Spit, the extension N of the NW corner of Pelican 

Island 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (5 12) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. G. Galbraith, Espey-Huston 

& Associates, Inc. 

References or reports: Tom Minello, (409) 766-3606 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 75 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries and benthic organisms. 

General comments about the marsh: - Sprigs were planted on 1-m centers. Excelient survival and growth. Later studied 

for fisheries organisms. Also, trenched to study edge effects for fish and shellfish. - Marsh name: Pelican Spit. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 642 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 33' Longitude (W): 95 02' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Clear Lake 

Directions to the site: Clear lake Shores-Jabot Bayou 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 0% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Eaten by nutria, complete failure. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 713 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1977 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 25' 10" Longitude (W): 94 43' 

57" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: On the N shore of Bolivar Peninsula, about 5 mi E of the 

Houston Ship Channel 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: Webb, 1977; Allen et al., 1978. 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina patens 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Transplanted S. altemijlora was tried at different elevations and under different 

fertilizer treatments; half the plots were protected behind a sandbag breakwater. This was 

part of a 7.3 ha study of marsh and upland habitat development. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 710 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.202 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 24' 43" Longitude (W): 94 44' 

37" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: On the N shore of Bolivar Peninsula, about 4 mi E of the 

Houston Ship Channel 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: Allen and Webb, 1993 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Two breakwaters were used, a floating tire and a fixed tire. Both worked well to 

start and 50% cover was obtained. But when the fixed tire breakwater broke, its cordgrass 

was destroyed in about 5 yrs. The floating tire marsh expanded beyond 100%. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 712 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1985 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.12 1 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 24' 48" Longitude (W): 94 44' 

24" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Directions to the site: On the N shore of Bolivar Peninsula, about 4 mi E of the 

Houston Ship Channel 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.0: Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: Allen et al., 1986 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

- which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Transplants were protected for awhile by a breakwater made of tires. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 226 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 17072 Date of COE Permit: 03/13/85 

Originator or Applicant for permit: R. G. Parker 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 21' 00" Longitude (W): 94 53' 

40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; Swan Lake. 

Directions to the site: Along N half of E margin of Swan Lake; 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 636 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 12' 30" Longitude (W): 94 57' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the SW shore of Lake Como on Galveston Island near 

Pirates housing development on the bay side. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5 m centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 706 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.016 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE ? 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 13' 50" Longitude (W): 95 01' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay. 

Directions to the site: Along the N shore of West Bay just S of Carancahua Lake. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Fringe marsh subject to 2 mi fetch across the bay, but somewhat protected by the 

Carancahua Reef in the bay. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 718 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 04/01/93 

Area Planted ( lacre = 0.4047 ha): 12.546 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: City of Hitchcock ? 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 20' 30" Longitude (W): 94 58' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay; Highland Bayou 

Directions to the site: About 3 miles up the bayou, in the city of Hitchcock 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternilflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 719 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 17' 00" Longitude (W): 94 54' 

18" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay; North Deer Island 

Directions to the site: Along the E side of North Deer island; transplants were planted 

through slits in erosion control coconut fibre mats. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Fringe marsh subject to barge traffic in the GIWW that was only 0.2 mi away. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 695 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.299 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator .or Applicant for permit: COE ? 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 16' 40" Longitude (W): 94 51' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay; Offats Bayou; Lake Madelaine channel. 

Directions to the site: Along the W side of the channel, protected by a floating tire 

wave breaking device. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Thomas Minello, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551, (409) 766-3506 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries and benthic organisms. 

General comments about the marsh: - Fringe marsh subject to pleasure boats' low wake waves. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 707 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1984 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.324 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Moody Foundation 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Galveston Latitude (N): 29 16' 25.51' Longitude (W): 94 

50' 57.3" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; West Bay; Offatts Bayou; Palm Beach. 

Directions to the site: Shoreline along Offatts Bayou infront of Palm Beach. 

Source of planting information: 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. Geoffrey Matthews, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551, (409) 766-3532 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 50% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Marsh is becoming established at Palm Beach. I - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 722 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.405 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: TX DOT ? 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 33' 25" Longitude (W): 95 01' 20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Just NE of the Clear Lake channel causeway, in a tidal pond. 

Source of planting information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M Univ. at 

Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Dr. James W. Webb, Texas A&M 

Univ. at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, (409)740-4542 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 70 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - This marsh has its good and bad years, depending on circulation of water to the 

pond. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 634 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 40' Longitude (W): 94 59' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Morgan's Point in front of Mansion 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80-0% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If SO, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Stand was doing very well until this springs extended high tides that completely 

killed the Spartina. They replanted in July 1993 and are doing more in August 1993. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 721 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1993 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 38' Longitude (W): 95 01' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Little Cedar Bayou-South bank of bayou about 0.7 km up into 

the bayou. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 635 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 38' Longitude (W): 95 01' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Little Cedar Bayou-South bank of bayou about 0.5 km up into 

the bayou. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 75-90% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 720 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 38' Longitude (W): 95 01' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay 

Directions to the site: Little Cedar Bayou-South bank of bayou about 0.5 km up into 

the bayou. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-338 1 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 75-90% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 637 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 55" Longitude (W): 95 05' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River Railroad Island 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternlflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80% cover in 40% of 

the marsh 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. Predations by grass carp and swamp rabbits. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 724 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh. 

State: lX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 55" Longitude (W): 95 05' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River Railroad Island, northeast margin of the 

island. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80% cover in 40% 

the marsh 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. Predations by grass carp and swamp rabbits. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 638 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1991 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

LState: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 29" Longitude (W): 95 04' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River-Little Island, Phase 1 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (7 13) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or report.: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 95% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 639 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 29" Longitude (W): 95 04' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River-Little Island, Phase 2: added on to the west. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 65% 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 214 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 55" Longitude (W): 95 05' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River Railroad Island, expanded to south. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80% cover in 40% of 

the marsh 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. Predations by grass carp and swamp rabbits. 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 723 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1993 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: GBF - SCS 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Harris Latitude (N): 29 48' 55" Longitude (W): 95 05' 

Bay and sub-bays: Galveston Bay; San Jacinto River, White Lake 

Directions to the site: San Jacinto River Railroad Island, expanded to south and 

northwest. 

Source of planting information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay Foundation, 

17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Ms. Linda Shead, Galveston Bay 

Foundation, 17324-A Hwy. 3, Webster, TX 77598, (713) 332-3381 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 80% cover in 40% of 

the marsh 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Planted on 0.5-m centers. Predations by grass carp and swamp rabbits. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 694 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.01 2 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Transco 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Matagorda Latitude (N): 28 24' 30" Longitude (W): 96 22' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Matagorda Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the N shore of Decros Point at the S tip of Matagorda 

Peninsula, beginning about 2 krn NE of Pass Cavallo. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 20 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Partial Success (>lo% cover). Wide open to the N, fetch greater than 10 krn. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 716 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: TX 

Date Planted: 07/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 8.000 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: Matagorda Latitude (N): 28 39' 00" Longitude (W): 96 03' 

00" 

Bay and sub-bays: Matagorda Bay; East Matagorda Bay 

Directions to the site: Along the S-facing shoreline of a dredged material island on the 

NE margin of the bay. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Thomas Minello, National Marine Fisheries 

Service, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551, (409) 766-3506 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Minello & Zimmerman, 1992) 

References or reports: (Minello & Zimmerman, 1992) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternimra : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Fisheries and benthic organisms. 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 245 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 16075 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Latitude 27, Inc. (Island Moorings Subdiv.) 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay 

Directions to the site: W. side of Mustang Isl., S. of Port Aransas 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 972 1 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 240 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 14454(02) Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mustang Beach Devel. Corp. (Sunny Castor) 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): 27 49' 53" Longitude (W): 97 06' 40" 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay 

Directions to the site: W. side of Mustang Isl, S. of Port Aransas; 400 ft SW from the 

canal to a mud flat. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Lloyd Mullins, Texas General Land Office, 11 1 

W. Wilson, 2nd floor Naylor Bldg., Aransas Pass, TX 78336, (512) 758-7228 

Source of subseauent assessment information: Ms. Lvnda Kahn. Texas General 

Land Office, 11 1 W. Wilson, 2nd floor Naylor Bldg., ~ransk Pass, TX' 78336, (5 12) 

758-7228 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 100 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Impossible to distinguish from the natural marsh. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 238 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.008 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 13625 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: R.E. Jenkins 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay 

Directions to the site: Port Aransas Municipal Boat Harbor 

Source of planting. information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SB Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 191 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.154 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 18175 Date of COE Permit: 10126187 

Originator or Applicant for permit: TX State Aquarium Association 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): 27 51' 00" Longitude (W): 97 21' 20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay 

Directions to the site: 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 665 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1981 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 14454(06) Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Mustang Beach Ltd. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): 27 48' 10" Longitude (W): 97 05' 45" 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay; Elizabeth Cove 

Directions to the site: Mustang Island, Mustang Beach, Tx. 400 sq. ft. from end of 

canal sw to a mud flat. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 683 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1990 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 12.141 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): 27 52' 00" Longitude (W): 97 27' 10" 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay; Nueces Bay 

Directions to the site: West end of Nueces Bay. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 2 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- Failure (4% cover). Scrape-down operation removed too much substrate so the 

area elevation was too low to support Spartina. Now Ruppia is growing, and a plover is 

using the area, probably no corrective measures will be done. - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 682 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Charlie Craveas 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): 27 38' 15" Longitude (W): 97 14' 46" 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: S shoreline of the John F. Kennedy Causeway, 0.2 mi W of the 

GWW bridge 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 2 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Failure (<lo% cover). - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 247 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.004 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 16889 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: G. Goodman 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Nueces Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Laguna Madre; Upper Laguna Madre 

Directions to the site: Under and S. of the JFK Causeway bridge over the GIWW 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (8 13) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports:, 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - 
Marsh Inventory No.: 693 Information Rank (1-5): 4 State: TX 

Date Planted: 1992 

Area Planted ( lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: none Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Refugio County 

Location of the marsh, 

State: TX County: Refugio Latitude (N): 28 23' 30" Longitude (W): 96 50' 

20" 

Bay and sub-bays: San Antonio Bay 

Directions to the site: Bayfront at Austwell, TX; NW of boat docks. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire Consulting, Inc., 

P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Charles E. Belaire, Belaire 

Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 741, Rockport, TX 78382, (512) 729-2948 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 75 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - Very successful (>70% cover). 
Marsh Inventory No.: 237 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: TX 

Date Planted: 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.040 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 12825 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Ingelside Offshore Services 

Location of the marsh. 

State: TX County: San Patricio Latitude (N): Longitude (W): 

Bay and sub-bays: Corpus Christi Bay 

Directions to the site: Jewel Fulton Canal, at Ingleside 

Source of planting information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region 

Headquarters, Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. 

Petersburg, FL 33702; (813) 893-3503. 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- 
Marsh Inventory No.: 725 Information Rank (1-5): 5 State: VA 

Date Planted: 10/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.833 hectares 

COE Permit No.: ? Date of COE Permit: 1984 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Navy 

Location of the marsh. 

State: VA County: Latitude (N): 36 57' 45" Longitude (W): 76 16' 12" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Hampton Roads; Willoughby Bay 

Directions to the site: Just WNW of the City of Norfolk's Visitor Center. 

Source of planting information: Mr. Carvel Blair, Norfolk Wetlands Board 

Source of subsequent assessment information: Mr. Carvel Blair, Norfolk 

Wetlands Board 

References or reports: (Blair, 1991) 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 64% as of 1989 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? Yes. Feigenbaum & Swift (1989) 

studied fish and invertebrates; Blair (1989) studied the birds. 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular; innudation 

channels form an H with the cross-bar leading to the culverts that connect to the bay. - Non-quantitative monitoring showed presence of benthic invertebrates, fish and 

birds. Animal appeared to be as abundant in the created marsh as in the nearby natural 

marsh. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 287 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 04/01/75 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 2.833 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Norfolk District, Army COE 

Location of the marsh. 

State: VA County: Accomack Latitude (N): 37 28' 40" Longitude (W): 75 44' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Atlantic Ocean; Quinby Inlet; North Inlet; Cunjer Channel; Sloop 

Channel. 

Directions to the site: On the W shore of an island located at Bouy 171 of Sloop 

Channel, and about 9 km SE of Willis Wharf. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Garbisch, Woller and 

McCallum, 1976) 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: 

- S. alternifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. COE Contract # DACW65-74-C-0062. These were dredge 

disposal sites. 

- Marsh name: Sloop Channel 
Marsh Inventory No.: 286 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 04/01/75 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.214 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Norfolk District, Army COE 

Location of the marsh, 

State: VA County: Accomack Latitude (N): 37 39' 20" Longitude (W): 75 38' 

06" 

Bay and sub-bays: Atlantic Ocean; Wachapreague Inlet; Burtons Bay. 

Directions to the site: On the SW-facing shore at the N end of Burtons Bay, about 9 

km NE of Wachapreague. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: (Garbisch, Woller and 

McCallum, 1976) 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemi$ura was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: irregular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. COE Contract # DACW65-74-C-0062. These were dredge 

disposal sites. 

- Marsh name: Burtons Bay 
Marsh Inventory No.: 336 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 06/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.283 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Virginia DOT 

Location of the marsh, 

State: VA County: Accomack Latitude (N): 37 56' OO?" Longitude (W): 75 37' 

o()?" , 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Pocomoke Sound: Powell Bay; Holdens Creek 

Directions to the site: Scrape-down area where old Rte. 702 crossed creek near and E 

of intersection of 702 and 701, north of Jenkins Bridge. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alternifora : 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemifira was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: linear. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

- Marsh name: Lance Eller Inc. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 326 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 07/01/87 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.890 hectares 

COE Permit No.: Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: City of Harnpton, VA 

Location of the marsh, 

State: VA County: City of Hampton Latitude (N): 37 03' 45" Longitude (W): 

76 17' 05" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Horseshoe Shoal; Long Creek 

Directions to the site: E-side of Long Creek, east of Salt Ponds Rd. and about 8 krn 

NE of Hampton, VA. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniJlora was planted on 2-ft centers. Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. 

Permit # 2 SD OX2 1 002355. - Marsh name: Hampton, VA. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 345 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 06/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 0.648 hectares 

COE Permit No.: 84-0166-12 Date of COE Permit: 1984 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Vidco of Virginia 

Location of the marsh, 

State: VA County: Isle of Wight Latitude (N): 36 48' 45" Longitude (W): 76 

17' 20" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; Hampton Roads; Elizabeth River; Bell's Mill 

Creek 

Directions to the site: Residential development mitigation area on Bell's Mill Creek 

and Cedar Road (Rte. 168?), Chesapeake, VA. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : Spartina 

cynosuroides, Spartina patens 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. alterniflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: rectangular. Built by 

Environmental Concern, Inc. - Marsh name: Vidco. Permit # 84-0166-12. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 312 Information Rank (1-5): 3 State: VA 

Date Planted: 07/01/84 

Area Planted (lacre = 0.4047 ha): 1.295 hectares 

COE Permit No.: NADOP-P79-0316-06 Date of COE Permit: 

Originator or Applicant for permit: Town of Tangier, VA. 

Location of the marsh, 

State: VA County: James City Latitude (N): 37 12' 50" Longitude (W): 76 43' 

30" 

Bay and sub-bays: Chesapeake Bay; James River; The Thorofare. 

Directions to the site: Jamestown National Historic Site shoreline, along the N 1.5 

miles of shoreline on The Thorofare, between College Creek and Mill Creek. 

Source of planting information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., 

P.O.Box P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Source of subsequent assessment information: 

References or reports: 

Other species planted in addition to Spartina alterniflora : none 

Percent vegetative cover attained by the planted marsh: 

Was there an assessment made of animal utilization of the marsh? If so, 

which animals were surveyed, and when? 

General comments about the marsh: - S. altemiflora was planted on 2-ft centers. Marsh shape: shoreline. Built by 

Environ. Concern Inc. EPA Project # C-5 10527-03. 

- Marsh name: Tangier Island Sewer. 
Marshes with Minimal Information 

Marsh Inventory No.: 1 COE Permit No.: AL84-00128-L Size (ha): 0.003 

State: AL County: Baldwin Bay : Cotton Bayou 

Source of information: 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 4 COE Permit No.: AL90-00065-B Size (ha): 0.004 

State: AL County: Baldwin Bay : Perdido Bay 

Source of information: 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 3 COE Permit No.: AL84-00109-A Size (ha): 0.020 

State: AL County: Baldwin Bay : Perdido Bay; Arnica Bay 

Source of information: 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 658 COE Permit No.: AL87-01424-U Size (ha): 18.070 

State: AL County: Mobile Bay : Mississippi Sound, West Fowl River Bay 

Source of information: Dr. Barry A. Vittor, Barry A. Vittor and Ass., Inc., 

Environmental Research & Consulting, 8060 Cottage Hill Road, Mobile, AL 36695, (205) 

633-6100 

Comments: Marsh shape: protected canal system. Planting density of S. alternzjlora : 4 

stems per sq. m. 5 site evaluations were performed from 1988-1989.. Marsh name: West 

Fowl River Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 2 COE Permit No.: AL84-00039-L-AF Size (ha): 0.008 

State: AL County: Mobile Bay : Mississippi Sound; Bayou Coden 

Source of information: 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 184 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.350 

State: AL County: Bay : Mississippi Sound; Portersville Bay 

Source of information: (Allen, Shirley and Webb, 1982) (Allen, Shirley & Webb, 

1982) 

Comments: This was a test of new design breakwaters. The floating tire breakwater 

successfully withstood the wave energy, but caused sediment acretion and smothered the 

sprigs planted in June 1985. S. altemijlor-a was planted again in Aug '85. . Survival of 

the 1985 planting was about 30-40% behind the breakwaters as of Nov '85. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 673 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.550 

State: AL County: Bay : Mobile Bay 

Source of information: (Allen and Webb, 1982) (Allen & Webb, 1982) 

Comments: This was a test of new design breakwaters. The floating tire breakwater 

successfully withstood the wave energy and protected the S. altemij3ora planting.. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 655 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: CT County: Bay : Mianus River 

Source of information: Mr. Matthew J. Popp or Ms. Judith A. Slayback, 

Environmental Design Associates, P.C., P.O. Box 247, 78 Danbury Road, Wilton, CT 

06897, (203) 762-8020 

Comments: Some problems with predation by Canadian geese. Initially the new plants 

showed vigorous growth.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 656 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: CT County: Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Matthew J. Popp or Ms. Judith A. Slayback, 

Environmental Design Associates, P.C., P.O. Box 247,78 Danbury Road, Wilton, CT 

06897, (203) 762-8020 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 405 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Beachgrass 

planting. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 310 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 482 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Shore planting. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 510 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Y. Usuki. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 509 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: N. 

BuntingNines Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 541 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.567 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Hudson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 558 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Phil Short. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 595 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: DE County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: RV Park. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 5 COE Permit No.: 84W-5163 Size (ha): 0.057 

State: FL County: Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 39 COE Permit No.: 85IPX-20324 Size (ha): 0.769 

State: FL County: Bay Bay : St. Andrew Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 38 COE Permit No.: 82R-1605 Size (ha): 0.202 

State: FL County: Bay Bay : St. Andrew Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 12 COE Permit No.: 87IPX-20545 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Banana River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 11 COE Permit No.: 86-77-083 Size (ha): 0.890 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Banana River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 24 COE Permit No.: 87IPD-21185 Size (ha): 2.173 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas .Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 22 COE Permit No.: 84F-4096 Size (ha): 0.049 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 21 COE Permit No.: 84X-4629 Size (ha): 0.002 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 20 COE Permit No.: 84M-2530 Size (ha): 0.012 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 252 COE Permit No.: SAI-44 Size (ha): 0.202 

State: FL County: Brevard Bay : Indian River, Indian River Lagoon 

Source of information: Dr. Robin Lewis, III., Lewis Environmental Services, Inc., 

P.O. Box 20005, Tampa, FL 33622-0005, (813) 889-9684 (Crewz & Lewis, 1991) 

Comments: Spartina altemiflora growing well, but fringe was covered by fill. Mixed 

success. . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 15 COE Permit No.: 84D-5195 Size (ha): 1.044 

State: FL County: Camden Bay : Cumberland Sound; Amelia River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 14 COE Permit No.: 84J-0062 Size (ha): 1.340 

State: FL County: Camden Bay : Cumberland Sound; Amelia River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 18 COE Permit No.: 85-47005 Size (ha): 0.004 

State: FL County: Dixie Bay : Horseshoe Cove 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 6 COE Permit No.: 85IPX-21013 Size (ha): 0.028 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : AIWW; Smith Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 3 1 COE Permit No.: 88IPK-20374 Size (ha): 0.012 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : Nassau Sound; Nassau River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 362 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 3.764 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. John's River; Nichols Creek 

Source of information: Ms. Lisa Adams, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

NE District Office, 7825 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200B, Jacksonville, FL 32256-7577, 

(904) 448-4300. 

Comments: Very successful, monitoring complete and reports in file. File # 

161219709.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 48 COE Permit No.: 89IPH-90034 Size (ha): 0.809 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 47 COE Permit No.: 88-87-026 Size (ha): 0.085 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 46 COE Permit No.: 86IPP-21097 Size (ha): 0.077 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 45 COE Permit No.: 87IPP-20004 Size (ha): 0.001 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 44 COE Permit No.: 86IPP-20625 Size (ha): 2.428 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 
Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 42 COE Permit No.: 84T-2871 Size (ha): 0.007 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 49 COE Permit No.: 90IPH-02068 Size (ha): 0.223 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River; AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 43 COE Permit No.: 85IPX-20475 Size (ha): 0.004 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River; Mill Cove 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 41 COE Permit No.: 83C-1603 Size (ha): 0.056 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River; Pablo Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 40 COE Permit No.: 83X-2396 Size (ha): 0.038 

State: FL County: Duval Bay : St. Johns River; Pablo Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 616 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.280 

State: FL County: Escampia Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 

38505 (Roberts, 1991) 

Comments: Many birds; several rats and mice; many killifish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 9 COE Permit No.: 87-67-002 Size (ha): 0.008 

State: FL County: Franklin Bay : Apalachicola Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 10 COE Permit No.: 89IPZ-20173 Size (ha): 0.040 

State: FL County: Franklin Bay : Apalachicola Bay; East Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 54 COE Permit No.: 86IPE-20122 Size (ha): 0.130 

State: FL County: Hillsborough Bay : Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 13 COE Permit No.: 85IPE-20730 Size (ha): 0.073 

State: FL County: Lee Bay : Caloosahatchee River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 55 COE Permit No.: 86IPE-20495 Size (ha): 0.057 

State: FL County: Manatee Bay : Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 51 COE Permit No.: 81C-1699 Size (ha): 0.017 

State: FL County: Manatee Bay : Tampa Bay; Manatee River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 7 COE Permit No.: 88IPJ-20334 Size (ha): 0.008 

State: FL County: Martin Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 363 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.428 

State: FL County: Nassau Bay : ICW and Walker Creek 

Source of information: Ms. Lisa Adams, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

NE District Office, 7825 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200B, Jacksonville, FL 32256-7577, 

(904) 448-4300. 

Comments: Very successful, no monitoring required in permit, no reports in file. File # 

450804829.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 30 COE Permit No.: 85IPF-20609 Size (ha): 1.044 

State: FL County: Nassau Bay : Nassau Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . Marsh Inventory No.: 32 COE Permit No.: 89IPV-90847 Size (ha): 2.226 

State: FL County: Nassau Bay : Nassau Sound; Nassau River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 57 COE Permit No.: 86IPE-20613 Size (ha): 0.020 

State: FL County: Pinellas Bay : Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 56 COE Permit No.: 86IPT-20286 Size (ha): 0.012 

State: FL County: Pinellas Bay : Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 37 COE Permit No.: 89-67-008 Size (ha): 0.093 

State: FL County: Santa Rosa Bay : Santa Rosa Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 36 COE Permit No.: 84D-3163 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: FL County: Santa Rosa Bay : Santa Rosa Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 620 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.490 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 

38505 (Roberts, 1991) 

Comments: Marsh was fairly well established. Few birds; several rats; many killifish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 8 COE Permit No.: 90IPH-03073 Size (ha): 0.575 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 29 COE Permit No.: 5199100788 Size (ha): 1.202 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Matanzas River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 28 COE Permit No.: J199004572 Size (ha): 1.032 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Matanzas River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 27 COE Permit No.: 88IPX-20182 Size (ha): 0.214 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Matanzas River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 26 COE Permit No.: 85IPK-20997 Size (ha): 0.166 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Matanzas River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 25 COE Permit No.: 84E-0916 Size (ha): 0.332 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Matanzas River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 35 COE Permit No.: 84W-2418 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : San Sebastian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 34 COE Permit No.: 84W-5172 Size (ha): 0.060 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : San Sebastian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 33 COE Permit No.: 84W-0524 Size (ha): 0.169 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : San Sebastian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 50 COE Permit No.: J199100155 Size (ha): 0.040 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : St. Johns River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 59 COE Permit No.: 88IPX-20575 Size (ha): 0.567 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Tolomato River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 58 COE Permit No.: 87IPL-21114 Size (ha): 0.008 

State: FL County: St. Johns Bay : Tolomato River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 16 COE Permit No.: 86IPL-21086 Size (ha): 0.174 

State: FL County: Volusia Bay : Halifax River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 622 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: FL County: Volusia Bay : Halifax River 

Source of information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 

38505 (Roberts, 1991) 

Comments: No birds; no mammal signs or catches; few killifish. Small fringe marsh 

lacks habitat complexity needed to support fish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 23 COE Permit No.: 87IPK-20697 Size (ha): 7.285 

State: FL County: Volusia Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 17 COE Permit No.: 85IPW-90007 Size (ha): 0.057 

State: FL County: Walton Bay : Hogtown Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 625 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.020 

State: FL County: Bay : 

Source of information: Mr.Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, 

TN 38505 Roberts,l991 
Comments: No birds; no mammal signs; few fish. Small fringe marsh lacks habitat 

complexity needed to support fish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 19 COE Permit No.: 82E-0666 Size (ha): 0.364 

State: FL County: Bay : Indian River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 623 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.490 

State: FL County: Bay : Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 

38505 (Roberts, 1991) 

Comments: Many birds; no rats; signs of rabbits and raccoons; many killifish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 624 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.280 

State: FL County: Bay : Tampa Bay; 

Source of information: Dr. Tom Roberts, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 

38505 (Roberts, 199 1) 

Comments: Few birds; no rats; signs of rabbits; very many killifish.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 52 COE Permit No.: 82U-1047 Size (ha): 0.911 

State: FL County: Bay : Tampa Bay; Old Tampa Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 364 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: FL County: Bay : 

Source of information: Ms. Lisa Adams, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

NE District Office, 7825 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200B, Jacksonville, FL 32256-7577, 

(904) 448-4300. 

Comments: Successful. Monitoring complete, reports available but need time to locate. 

File # 551270462.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 360 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: FL County: Bay : 

Source of information: Ms. Lucy Blair, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, S 

District Office, 2295 Victoria Ave., Suite, Fort Myers, FL 33901, (813) 332-6975. 

Comments: 2 areas were planted. Reports are required semiannally for the life of the 

permit. File # 36 1392379.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 359 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.728 

State: FL County: Bay : 

Source of information: Ms. Lucy Blair, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, S 

District Office, 2295 Victoria Ave., Suite, Fort Myers, FL 33901, (813) 332-6975. 

Comments: Monitoring reports to be submitted semiannually for 3 years. File # 89- 

0795.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 361 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: FL County: Bay : 
Source of information: Ms. Lucy Blair, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, S 

District Office, 2295 Victoria Ave., Suite, Fort Myers, FL 33901, (8 13) 332-6975. 

Comments: Reports to be submitted annually, but none have been received. File # 

361552385.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 358 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: FL County: Bay : 

Source of information: Ms. Lucy Blair, Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, S 

District Office, 2295 Victoria Ave., Suite, Fort Myers, FL 33901, (813) 332-6975. 

Comments: 2 of 4 mitigation areas planted with S. alternifZora in Aug 1991. 2 reports 

were submitted in 1992 and the latest report was submitted in March 1993. Semiannual 

reports are required for the life of the permit. File # 1 1 1793975.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 69 COE Permit No.: 7189 Size (ha): 0.299 

State: GA County: Chatham Bay : Wassaw Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 68 COE Permit No.: 7075 Size (ha): 0.016 

State: GA County: Chatham Bay : Wassaw Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 67 COE Permit No.: 6852 Size (ha): 1.659 

State: GA County: Chatharn Bay : Wassaw Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 66 COE Permit No.: 5922 Size (ha): 1.412 

State: GA County: Chatharn Bay : W assaw Sound: Wilmington River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 63 COE Permit No.: 6614 Size (ha): 18.899 

State: GA County: Glynn Bay : St. Andrew Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 65 COE Permit No.: 6879 Size (ha): 0.036 

State: GA County: Glynn Bay : St. Simons Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 
Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 60 COE Permit No.: 6790 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: GA County: McIntosh Bay : Sapello Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 61 COE Permit No.: 074 OYN 004576 Size (ha): 0.044 

State: GA County: Bay : St. Andrew Sound; Little Satilla River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 62 COE Permit No.: 4585 Size (ha): 1.562 

State: GA County: Bay : St. Andrew Sound; Satilla River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 64 COE Permit No.: 074 OYN 004420 Size (ha): 0.971 

State: GA County: Bay : St. Simons Sound; Brunswick River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 646 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: Cameron Bay : Black Lake 

Source of information: Mr. Ronald Marcantel, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Lake 

Charles Field Office, 1400 Highway 14, Lake Charles, LA 7 1302, (3 18) 436- 1483 

Comments: Site was evaluated in 1988 and 1989.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 96 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.567 

State: LA County: Cameron Bay : Calcasieu Lake 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # OYSTER BAYOU-8. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 97 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 3.399 

State: LA County: Cameron Bay : Calcasieu Lake; Calcasieu River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comment.: Permit # LTCS-35. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 124 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.648 

State: LA County: Cameron Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CAMERON-8 15. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 116 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 284.909 

State: LA County: Cameron Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St, Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CREOLE CANAL-2. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 700 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.364 

State: LA County: Iberia Bay : Vermillion Bay; Weeks Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Brad Broussard, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, New 

Iberia Field Office, 300 Iberia Street, New Iberia, LA 70560 (318) 369-6623 

Comments: Marsh name: Weeks Bay.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 703 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.283 

State: LA County: Iberia Bay : Vermillion Bay; Weeks Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Brad Broussard, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, New 

Iberia Field Office, 300 Iberia Street, New Iberia, LA 70560 (318) 369-6623 

Comments: Marsh name: Bayou Carlin.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 702 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.049 

State: LA County: Iberia Bay : Vermillion Bay; Weeks Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Brad Broussard, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, New 

Iberia Field Office, 300 Iberia Street, New Iberia, LA 70560 (3 18) 369-6623 

Comments: Marsh name: Bayou Petite Anse-Avery Island. Single stems of Spartina 

alterniflora were planted 0.3 m apart, using an offset of 0.15 m between rows.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 701 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.049 

State: LA County: Iberia Bay : Vermillion Bay; Weeks Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Brad Broussard, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, New 

Iberia Field Office, 300 Iberia Street, New Iberia, LA 70560 (318) 369-6623 

Comments: Marsh name: Bayou Petite Anse-ICW.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 83 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CAMINADA BAY-5011. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 80 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.214 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BLIND BAY-3 1. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 78 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.619 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU DUPONT-49. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 76 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.862 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU RIGAUD-57. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 101 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.486 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : Gulf of Mexico; Carninada Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CAMINADA BAY-5211. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 130 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.093 

State: LA County: Jefferson Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # JEFFERSON-84. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 87 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 849.870 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-48014. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 82 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-655. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 85 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.700 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Barataria Bay; Bayou Lafourche 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU LAFOURCHE- 1072. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 77 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1424.544 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Barataria Bay; Carninada Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-5 17. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 100 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 10.118 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Gulf of Mexico 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # FLOTATION CANAL- 1. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 110 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.979 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Terrebonne Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # GRAND BAYOU BLUE-15. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 111 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 4.533 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : Timbalier Bay; Flotation Canal 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # FLOTATION CANAL- Ill. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 128 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 5.666 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-66312. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 126 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-683. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 125 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-649. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 121 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 704.178 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-577. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 119 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.093 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 
(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-560. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 117 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 849.870 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-48011. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 114 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 5.625 

State: LA County: Lafourche Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAFOURCHE-482. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 104 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.788 

State: LA County: Orleans Bay : Lake Pontchartrain 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # Lake Pontchartrain-5. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 84 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.283 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BARATARIA BAY- 194. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 81 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 4.856 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # GRAND BAYOU-164. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 79 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Barataria Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAY BATISTE-18. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 86 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 3.764 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Barataria Bay; Bayou Grand Cheni 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU GRAND CHENIER-. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 106 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.607 
State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Mississippi Delta 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CHICHARAS BAY-3. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 105 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.214 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : Mississippi Delta 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAY EARANE- 1. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 352 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of Spartina altemiflora 1 stedft. 600 linear ft. planted. 

Marsh name: Lake Hermitage. To be planted in Sept. 1993. 5 board wave dampening 

fences to be constructed prior to planting.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 351 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of Spartina altemiflora 1 sternlft. 600 linear ft. planted. 

Marsh name: Lake Laurier. To be planted in Sept. 1993. 5 board wave dampening fences 

to be constructed prior to planting.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 129 COE Permit No.: GP890950 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 127 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.567 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # PLAQUEMINES-505. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 120 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.243 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # PLAQUEMINES-427. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 118 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 8.094 
State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # PLAQUEMINES-39 1. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 115 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.931 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # PLAQUEMINES-330. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 71 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.931 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # PLAQUEMINES-284. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 347 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, US. Soil Conservation Service, 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of Spartina alterniflora 1 stedft. 13,050 linear ft. planted. 

Marsh name: Myrtle Grove. This project was completed in 1991. Survival rate only 2% 

due to nutria predation. Only 10% of plants were caged. . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 350 COE Permit No.: none Size (ha): 0.017 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of S. altemiflora 1 stemlft. 1,875 linear ft. planted. Marsh 

name: Yellow Cotton Bay. 5/93 Survival Rate 50%. SE (General Permit) NOD-100. 

Survival rate higher in this region probably because of greater mineral content of soil.. 

Plantings were done along a washed-out spoil bank along a canal. Plants showed good to 

excellent vigor but growth was confined to within nutria-exclusion devices (NED'S). 

Salinity levels in the area range from 3-10 ppt. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 349 COE Permit No.: none Size (ha): 0.019 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, US. Soil Conservation Service, 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of Spartina alterniflora 1 stedft. 2,022 linear ft. planted. 

Marsh name: Bayou Dupont 3/93 Survival rate 10%. Damage due to Humcane Andrew 

and nutria. SE (General Permit) NOD-100.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 348 COE Permit No.: none Size (ha): 0.012 

State: LA County: Plaquemines Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. John E. Boatman, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 
Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office, 104 Hebert Boulevard, Belle 

Chase, LA 70037, (504) 394-7741 

Comments: Planting density of Spartina alterniflora 1 sternlft. 1,320 linear ft. planted. 

Marsh name: Round Lake. Survival rate poor (3%). Causes include nutria predation, 

shoreline erosion, Humcane Andrew, soils. . Although 70% of plants were caged, 

once cages deteriorated or were openned by Hurricane Andrew, nutria ate the plants. Only 

plants away from the shoreline and still in cages survived. Also, plants not on firm soils 

failed to establish. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 91 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.428 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : Breton Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # MRGO-70. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 92 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.428 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : Breton Sound; Lake Machias 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LAKE MACHIAS- 19. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 93 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 6.071 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : Breton Sound; Yscloskey Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # YSCLOSKEY BAYOU-14. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 98 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.943 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : Chandeleur Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # ST. BERNARD-43. f 

Marsh Inventory No.: 113 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.850 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # ST. BERNARD-47. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 112 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: LA County: St. Bernard Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # ST. BERNARD-45. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 75 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 16.188 

State: LA County: St. Martin Bay : Atachafalaya Floodway 
Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LITTLE BAYOU CHEVREA. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 643 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: St. Tammeny Bay : Lake Pontchartrain 

Source of information: Mr. Tony Beauboef, SCS, Franklinton, LA, (504) 839-5688 

Comments: Site was evaluated in 1988 and 1989.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 95 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.975 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Caillou Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-763. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 94 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.214 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Caillou Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # CHARLEYS BAY-3. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 644 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Lake Decade 

Source of information: Mr. Michael Tullos, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Houma 

Field Office, Box 1266, Houma, LA 10361, (504) 872-5609 

Comments: Site was evaluated in 1988 and 1989.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 102 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 80.940 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Lake Pelto 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # GOM-3450. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 109 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 10.846 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Terrebonne Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # LITTLE BAYOU CHEVREA. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 108 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Terrebonne Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-536A. 

Marsh Inventory -No.: 107 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.295 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : Terrebonne Bay 
Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersbug, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-5 1911. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 123 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.526 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersbug, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREB ONNE-798. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 122 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.862 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # JACK STOUT BAY - 1. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 74 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.821 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-583. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 73 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-559. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 72 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-536. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 70 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 8.175 

State: LA County: Terrebonne Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREBONNE-528. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 645 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: LA County: Vermilion Bay : Rollover Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Donald Menard, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 

Abbeville Field Office, P.O. Box 68, Abbeyville, LA 705 1 1-0068, (3 18) 893-5664 

Comments: Site was evaluated in 1988 and 1989.. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 89 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.931 

State: LA County: Bay : Bayou De La Valle 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU DE LA VALLE-7. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 88 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: LA County: Bay : Bayou De La Valle 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # BAYOU DE LA VALLE-4. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 90 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 16.188 

State: LA County: Bay : Bayou Terrebonne 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # TERREB ONNE-690. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 99 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 4.047 

State: LA County: Bay : Grand Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # GRAND BAYOU- 1%. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 103 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.283 

State: LA County: Bay : Lake Pontchartrain 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: Permit # Lake Pontchartrain-5. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 667 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 8.903 

State: ME County: Bay : Webhannet River 

Source of information: Mr. Bill Hubbard, COE, (617) 647-8552 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Webhannet River 

Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 393 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: ME County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Kittery Restoration. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 480 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: ME County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Leather Loft. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 585 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Kent Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Little Neck Farm. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 651 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: MD County: Queen Anne Bay : Broad Bay 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 527 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Talbot Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Roderick Hickey, 

Little Neck Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 564 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Talbot Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bruce Hackett/Island 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 589 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Talbot Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John SwopeIIrish 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 650 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: MD County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: No S. alterniflora planted.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 654 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: MD County: Bay : Chester River 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 653 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: MD County: Bay : Choptank River 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 380 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: San Domingo. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 387 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hambleton Island SD. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 386 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Sand Spit. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 385 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hambleton Island Salt 

Pan. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 384 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Long Point Island. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 383 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Tred Avon River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 382 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Rich Neck. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 381 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hambleton Island. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 284 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.619 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Dredged material stabilization project.. Marsh name: Tar Bay 
Marsh Inventory No.: 392 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hambleton Island BC. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 391 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Harris Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 390 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Cober. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 288 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Dredged material stabilization project.. Marsh name: Knapps Narrows - 

COE 

Marsh Inventory No.: 395 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Ray's Point. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 394 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Slaughter CreekShore. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 398 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bliss. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 397 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hambleton Island 

1977 Breach. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 396 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Warbasse. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 403 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Berlin. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 402 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Francis Somers. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 401 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Miller. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 400 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Nevius. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 399 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Turkey Neck Point. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 408 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: St. Mary's College. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 407 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Nelson Point Farm. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 406 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bullard. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 413 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 
State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. G. Callender. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 412 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.324 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: E.G. Uhl. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 411 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dunmoyle. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 410 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: William Hahn. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 419 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G.A. Van Lennep, Jr. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 418 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: S. Hamblin. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 417 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Dresser. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 416 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Miles River Bridge. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 429 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.243 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: E.B.M. White. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 428 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: K. White. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 427 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Struse-Arrowhead 

Farm. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 426 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.R. Griswold. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 425 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: D.M. Palmer. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 424 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: B.E. Blake. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 423 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: H.T. Winner. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 422 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bob Harris. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 421 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: A. Van Dyke. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 420 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Masone. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 309 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 8.701 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Dredged material stabilization project.. Marsh name: Barren Island 

Marsh Inventory No.: 444 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: L.G. Wineland. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 443 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: T. Morison. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 442 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bejamin Florence. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 441 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: D. Gregg 111. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 440 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. B. Scofield, Jr. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 439 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.324 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Kent Narrows. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 438 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W.11. Van DusenSpitzer. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 437 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: E. Miller (Emerson 

Pt.). 

Marsh Inventory No.: 436 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. King. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 435 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: L.G. Conner. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 434 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R.C. Morris. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 433 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Kleffer, Jr. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 432 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: S.M. Bothe. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 431 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.C. Bond. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 430 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dennis Berg. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 479 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M. Millennann. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 478 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Gladstone. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 477 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G. Bunting. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 476 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Barrett. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 475 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M.D. Clark. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 474 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W.T. Hershey. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 473 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: A.J. Clark. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 472 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.W. King. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 471 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W.M. Cooper. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 470 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: T.M. Rauch. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 469 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: S. Gilliece. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 468 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Polevoy. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 467 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. A. Kaplan. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 466 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: T. McMahon. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 465 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Eco Smugglers Cove. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 464 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. P.D. Kay. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 463 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Ms. P. Bryan. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 462 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 74$=9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.B. Robertson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 461 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.J. Cottrell. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 460 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: E.L. Strohbehn. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 459 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W. Brennen. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 458 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: S.M. Margolis. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 457 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Albert G. Gipe. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 456 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G. G. Tucker. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 455 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: DNR Wye Island 

Demo-SCS. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 454 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. E. Throop. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 453 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hartages Yacht Club. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 452 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.J. Young 

Marsh Inventory No.: 451 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.K. Hyatt. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 450 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M. Sami. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 449 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Hooper Island Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 448 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Thomas Point 

Restoration. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 446 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.H. Hardesty. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 445 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Mrs. R. H. Lee. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 505 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M. Franks. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 504 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Nassetta-Phillips. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 503 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Jensens-Ed Fisher. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 502 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: P.J. Janson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 501 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: General A.J. 

Goodpaster. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 500 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Timbie. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 499 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: P. Wilmerding. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 498 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Mr. L. Root. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 497 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G.R. Kilbourn, Jr. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 496 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: S. Shaare. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 495 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G. Taylor. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 494 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R.R. Price. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 493 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.B. Wilson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 492 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.K. Hyatt. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 491 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R.L. Counts. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 490 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: E.A. Rommel, III. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 489 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.E. Peck. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 488 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: L. Beaumont. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 487 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R.A. Simmons. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 486 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 
P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Horn Point. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 485 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Mr. L. Tucker. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 484 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M.S. Kozel. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 483 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: D. Proctor. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 538 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: D. Hamilton. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 537 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: F.V. Lawrence III. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 536 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Ali Mehrizi. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 535 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 - Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. E.H. Breen. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 534 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dr. W. Jewell. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 533 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.J. Roberts. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 532 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Dareen Hamilton, Irish 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 531 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: A.E. MacKay. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 530 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.243 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Robert Gladstone. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 529 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W. Gettsinger. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 528 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Karl Krieger. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 526 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.J. Zamoiske. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 525 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Ships Point. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 524 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: M. Harriman. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 523 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R. Garrett. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 522 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Don Olson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 521 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Anchorage Marina. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 520 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Rock Harbor Planting. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 519 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Church Creek Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 518 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bodkin Island. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 517 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: G. Carlson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 516 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J. Cobbs. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 515 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C. Petty. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 514 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.243 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Mario-Boiardi-Wye 

Mills. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 513 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: B. DuPont. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 512 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Cheston on Wye. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 511 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J. MacMartin. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 321 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: . Marsh name: D. B. Cober 

Marsh Inventory No.: 556 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Thomas 

Boone/Maxmore Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 555 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Fred C. MeensdenISan 

Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 554 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Laurence E. Diggs III. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 553 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 
State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Stephanie TrivisIIsland 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 552 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R.D. YoungIBroad 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 551 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Joseph L. Morris. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 550 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Richard D. Richards. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 549 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John 

NordKummings Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 548 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: H. W. B arricWWye 

River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 547 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Gilbert HahnJHarris 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 546 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John SchreinerIHarris 

Creek 
Marsh Inventory No.: 545 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Edgar GarbischISan 

Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 544 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Paul 

Makosky/Barrett's Cove. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 543 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Reihl III/ 

Maxmore Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 542 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.567 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Rouse Corporation. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 582 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: J.F. 

MooreErippe Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 581 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Robert Price m/Wye 

River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 580 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: C.J. 

LambertsodLedenham Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 579 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Edgar Garbisch 
Marsh Inventory No.: 578 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: William S. GainedSan 

Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 577 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Bishop Sorgefisland 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 576 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: W.R. Simpson/Miles 

River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 575 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Wilson~Harris 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 574 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: George 

WhitdWye River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 573 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Donald Zeman/Ballts 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 572 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Richard M. 

Siegal/Island Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 571 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 
P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Robert M. 

ValliantIPlaindealing Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 570 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Howard W. 

Williams/Island Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 569 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: James ArnoldIGlebe 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 568 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Colin 

FerenbackJPlaindealing Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 567 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Richard 

CrowlyILeGates Cove. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 566 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John L. 

CobbsISan Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 565 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Clinton Taylor/Follyts 

Cove. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 563 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Alan 

GellerkIuntington Creek. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 562 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Charles PecMSolitude 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 561 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: L. David 

ReynoldsISan Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 560 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Muriel 

BlumenthaVTrippe Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 559 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Janet BrownlGoose 

Cove. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 594 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Craig HenryIBroad 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 593 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Sumner 

ParkIShipshead Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 592 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Edward Dwyer1Oa.k 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 591 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Peter BlackIMaxmore 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 590 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Richard Granville/Tar 

Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 588 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Stephen Miller. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 587 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Clayton Hurt. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 586 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Michael AbramoNye 

River. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 584 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Archie MacKayISnug 

Harbor. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 583 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Oscar Carlson. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 599 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Robert 

Simmons/Cummings Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 598 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 
Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Langly Shook/San 

Domingo Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 597 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: William Baldwin. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 596 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Combined Sewer 

Overflow Project. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 614 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Mary Hagy. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 613 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Carol McGowan. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 612 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Sergio Proserpi. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 61 1 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Paul Fleagane. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 610 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Jan Gervin. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 609 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Elliott Bliss. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 608 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 
State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Cove View Condos. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 607 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Maritime 

Museum/Chesapeake Bay. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 606 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Redly. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 605 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Joseph Schuble. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 604 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Garth Harding. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 603 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Thorman. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 602 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Willard Parker. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 601 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: John Akridge. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 600 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Robert Kennedy. 
Marsh Inventory No.: 447 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MD County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: Queenslanding. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 672 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.708 

State: MA County: Suffolk Bay : Boston Harbor 

Source of information: Ms. Laurie Cullen, Massport, (617) 973-5389 

Comments: . Marsh name: MassportLogan Airport. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 615 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: MA County: Suffolk 1 Norfolk Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Lars H. Carlson, Sverdrup Corp., 2 Center Plaza, Boston, 

MA 02108-1906, (617) 742-8060; or Dr. Norton H. Nickerson, Dept. of Biology, Tufts 

Univ., Medford, MA 02155, (617) 627-3544 FEISIReport, Old Colony Railroad 

Rehabilitation Project. (EOEA 5840). 

Comments: . Marsh name: Old Colony Railroad rehabilitation project. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 415 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: MA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. , Inc.. Marsh name: Quincy MA. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 131 COE Permit No.: MS87-00966-Y Size (ha): 0.040 

State: MS County: Hancock Bay : Mississippi Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 133 COE Permit No.: MS91-01502-1 Size (ha): 0.259 

State: MS County: Harrison Bay : Mississippi Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 132 COE Permit No.: MS90-02404-H Size (ha): 0.004 

State: MS County: Jackson Bay : Mississippi Sound; Bayou Cassotte 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 134 COE Permit No.: MS91-01824-U Size (ha): 0.028 

State: MS County: Jackson Bay : Mississippi Sound; Pascagoula River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 668 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NH County: Rockingham Bay : Little Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Frank Richardson, NH Wetlands Board, (603) 271-2147 

Comments: . Marsh name: Wentworth Hotel. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 669 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NH County: Rockingham Bay : North Mill Pond 

Source of information: Mr. Dan McHugh, Great Meadow Farms, Sawyer Island, 

Rowley, MA 01969, (508) 948-7870 

Comments: . Marsh name: NH Port Authority. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 671 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.214 

State: NH County: Rockingham Bay : Rye Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Pete Helm, New Hampshire Office of State Planning, 

Coastal Program, 2-112 Beacon Street, Concord, NH 03301, (603) 271-2155 

Comments: . Marsh name: Awcomin Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 388 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Tidal Stream. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 404 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Sloop Creek 

(Cl-3). 

Marsh Inventory No.: 409 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.081 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Monmouth 

County. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 302 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Tidal marsh mitigation project.. Marsh name: SI-3B OSCA 

Marsh Inventory No.: 300 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.266 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc.. Marsh name: R-1 Contract 

Marsh Inventory No.: 414 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.121 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 
P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Shark River 

Island. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 481 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.064 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Newton Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 506 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 2.266 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Pennsauken 

Wetland. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 540 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Tozour. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 539 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.416 

State: NJ County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: NJ Route 130. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 353 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NY County: Bronx Bay : Pelham Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Marc Matsil, Director of the Natural Resources Group, 

City of New York Parks and Recreation, 1234 5th Avenue, Rm. 233, New York, NY 

10029, (212) 360-1417 

Comments: This is a restoration project. Marsh was not planted as of 3/93.. Marsh 

name: Twin Island Marsh. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 354 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NY County: Queens Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Marc Matsil, Director of the Natural Resources Group, 

City of New York Parks and Recreation, 1234 5th Avenue, Rm. 233, New York, NY 

10029, (212) 360-1417 

Comments: . Marsh name: Alley Creek. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 355 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NY County: Richmond Bay : Arthur Kill; Old Place Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Marc Matsil, Director of the Natural Resources Group, 

City of New York Parks and Recreation, 1234 5th Avenue, Rm. 233, New York, NY 

10029, (212) 360-1417 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 285 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.809 

State: NY County: Bay : 
Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Shoreline erosion control project.. Marsh name: Centerport Harbor 

Marsh Inventory No.: 290 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 5.666 

State: NY County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Dredged material stabilization project.. Marsh name: Seaford. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 297 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 4.047 

State: NY County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Tidal marsh restoration project.. Marsh name: Port Washington - 

Solomon 

Marsh Inventory No.: 139 COE Permit No.: 88-N-010-0329 Size (ha): 0.728 

State: NC County: Brunswick Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 138 COE Permit No.: 86-N-010-0178 Size (ha): 0.355 

State: NC County: Brunswick Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 140 COE Permit No.: 85-N-015-0276 Size (ha): 0.012 

State: NC County: Camden Bay : Albemarle Sound; Pasquotank River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 146 COE Permit No.: 87-N-016-0307 Size (ha): 0.607 

State: NC County: Carteret Bay : Newport River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 147 COE Permit No.: 88-N-016-0372 Size (ha): 0.425 

State: NC County: Carteret Bay : Parnlico Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 148 COE Permit No.: 90-N-028-0301 Size (ha): 0.012 
State: NC County: Dare Bay : Pamlico Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 141 COE Permit No.: 91-N-065-0091 Size (ha): 0.045 

State: NC County: New Hanover Bay : Cape Fear River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 143 COE Permit No.: 85-N-065-0146 Size (ha): 0.005 

State: NC County: New Hanover Bay : Masonboro Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 145 COE Permit No.: 89-N-067-0381 Size (ha): 0.035 

State: NC County: Onslow Bay : New River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 142 COE Permit No.: 86-N-010-0057 Size (ha): 0.024 

State: NC County: Pasquotank Bay : Little River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 137 COE Permit No.: 86-N-071-0047 Size (ha): 0.486 

State: NC County: Pender Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 136 COE Permit No.: 84-N-065-0033 Size (ha): 0.051 

State: NC County: Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 135 COE Permit No.: 83-N-010-0103 Size (ha): 0.202 

State: NC County: Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 
Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 649 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NC County: Bay : Albermarle Sound 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: No S. alterniflora planted.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 628 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NC County: Bay : Bogue Sound 

Source of information: Dr. Stephen S. Broome, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of 

Soil Science, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, (919) 515-2643 (Broome, 1986) 

Comments: Was planted on 0.45, 0.6, and 0.9-m centers. Stand appears to have filled 

in well, forming a border marsh infront of a bulkhead.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 631 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NC County: Bay : Cape Fear River; Snow's Cut. 

Source of information: Dr. Christopher B. Craft, Duke Univ. Wetland Center, School 

of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706, (919) 684-2619 (Craft, 1988) 

Comments: Was reported in a study comparing the organics and nutrients of man-made 

and natural S. altemi@ra marshes. This marsh was about 13 years old.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 144 COE Permit No.: 84-N-065-0009 Size (ha): 0.006 

State: NC County: Bay : Middle Sound; Motts Channel 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 666 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 1.214 

State: NC County: Bay : Pamlico Sound 

Source of information: Dr. Stephen S. Broome, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of 

Soil Science, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, (919) 515-2643 (Broome, 1989) 

Comments: Thought to be planted on 0.7-m centers. Stand appears to have filled in 

well, forming a well developed marsh along a tidal channel.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 629 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: NC County: Bay : Pamlico Sound; Neuse River 

Source of information: Dr. Stephen S. Broome, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of 

Soil Science, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, (919) 515-2643 (Broome, 1983) 

Comments: Test of fertilizers on S. alterniflora growth.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 632 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NC County: Bay : Pamlico Sound; Oregon Inlet. 

Source of information: Dr. Christopher B. Craft, Duke Univ. Wetland Center, School 

of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706, (919) 684-2619 (Craft, 1988) 

Comments: Was reported in a study comparing the organics and nutrients of man-made 

and natural S. alterniflora marshes. This marsh was about 15 years old.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 640 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NC County: Bay : Pamlico Sound; Pamlico River; Durham Creek. 

Source of information: Dr. Christopher B. Craft, Duke Univ. Wetland Center, School 

of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706, (919) 684-2619 (Craft, 1988) 
Comments: Was reported in a study comparing the organics and nutrients of man-made 

and natural S. altemiJlara marshes. This marsh was about 4 years old.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 641 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: NC County: Bay : Pamlico Sound; Pamlico River; Durham Creek. 

Source of information: Dr. Christopher B. Craft, Duke Univ. Wetland Center, School 

of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706, (919) 684-2619 (Craft, 1988) 

Comments: Was reported in a study comparing the organics and nutrients of man-made 

and natural S. altemifira marshes. This marsh was a little over 1-yr old.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 630 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: NC County: Bay : Roanoke Sound 

Source of information: Dr. Stephen S. Broome, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of 

Soil Science, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, (919) 515-2643 (Broome, 1987) 

Comments: This marsh was still surviving and protecting the shore from erosion in 

1987.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 657 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: RI County: Washington Bay : Winnapaug Pond 

Source of information: Mr. Paul J. Shea, Independent Environmental Consultants, 

Inc., Exeter, RI, (401) 294-3909 

Comments: This was an inkind mitigationlrestoration. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 152 COE Permit No.: 90-2X-018 Size (ha): 0.121 

State: SC County: Beaufort Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 168 COE Permit No.: 88-2A-101 Size (ha): 0.923 

State: SC County: Beaufort Bay : Port Royal Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 167 COE Permit No.: 90-3A-383 Size (ha): 0.032 

State: SC County: Beaufort Bay : Port Royal Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 166 COE Permit No.: 91-2A-004 Size (ha): 0.028 

State: SC County: Beaufort Bay : Port Royal Sound 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 165 COE Permit No.: 84-22-031 Size (ha): 0.291 

State: SC County: Beaufort Bay : Port Royal Sound; Beaufort River 
Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 153 COE Permit No.: 82-4C-294 Size (ha): 0.364 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Ashley River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 158 COE Permit No.: 89-2T-262 Size (ha): 6.071 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Charleston Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 157 COE Permit No.: 90-2A-189 Size (ha): 0.291 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Charleston Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 156 COE Permit No.: 88-2B-234 Size (ha): 0.486 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Charleston Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 155 COE Permit No.: 86-2B-331 Size (ha): 2.226 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Charleston Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 154 COE Permit No.: 85-3T-316 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Charleston Harbor 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 161 COE Permit No.: 85-3s-211 Size (ha): 0.049 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Cooper River; Shem Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 160 COE Permit No.: 84-32-320 Size (ha): 0.006 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Cooper River; Wando River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 163 COE Permit No.: 90-2A-025 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : North Edisto River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 171 COE Permit No.: 86-3D-219 Size (ha): 0.008 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Stono River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 170 COE Permit No.: 85-2D-114 Size (ha): 0.005 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Stono River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 169 COE Permit No.: 84-22-058 Size (ha): 0.728 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : Stono River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 149 COE Permit No.: 89-3X-217 Size (ha): 0.012 

State: SC County: Charleston Bay : 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 174 COE Permit No.: 89-3T-289 Size (ha): 0.174 

State: SC County: Georgetown Bay : Winyah Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 173 COE Permit No.: 87-3D-298 Size (ha): 0.295 

State: SC County: Georgetown Bay : Winyah Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 151 COE Permit No.: 83-42-278 Size (ha): 0.093 

State: SC County: Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 150 COE Permit No.: 82-3C-172 Size (ha): 0.202 

State: SC County: Bay : AIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 159 COE Permit No.: 82-3C-221 Size (ha): 0.232 

State: SC County: Bay : Cooper River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 162 COE Permit No.: 83-32-218 Size (ha): 0.102 

State: SC County: Bay : Jarvis Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 164 COE Permit No.: 83-5D-110 Size (ha): 0.809 

State: SC County: Bay : Port Royal Sound; Broad River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 172 COE Permit No.: 83-32-203 Size (ha): 0.019 

State: SC County: Bay : Wando River 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 180 COE Permit No.: 18 189 Size (ha): 0.243 

State: TX County: Aransas Bay : Aransas Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 178 COE Permit No.: 16622(01) Size (ha): 0.069 

State: TX County: Aransas Bay : Aransas Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 176 COE Permit No.: 17326 Size (ha): 0.020 

State: IIX County: Aransas Bay : Aransas Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 175 COE Permit No.: 16622 Size (ha): 0.008 

State: TX County: Aransas Bay : Aransas Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 227 COE Permit No.: 16830 Size (ha): 0.894 

State: TX County: Brazoria Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay; Oyster Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 215 COE Permit No.: 17026 Size (ha): 0.304 

State: TX County: Calhoun Bay : Matagorda Bay; Carancahua Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 213 COE Permit No.: 16519 Size (ha): 0.020 

State: TX County: Calhoun Bay : Matagorda Bay; Carancahua Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 216 COE Permit No.: 14541(02) Size (ha): 0.809 

State: TX County: Calhoun Bay : Matagorda Bay; Lavaca Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 224 COE Permit No.: 17955 Size (ha): 0.202 

State: TX County: Calhoun Bay : San Antonio Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 
(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 704 COE Permit No.: 15341(01) Size (ha): 

State: TX County: Cameron Bay : Laguna Mqdre 

Source of information: Mr. Gary Galbraith, Espey, Huston & Ass, Inc., (512) 327- 

6840 

Comments: S. alterniflora was planted on 3-ft centers.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 211 COE Permit No.: 17533 Size (ha): 0.040 

State: TX County: Cameron Bay : Laguna Madre 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 209 COE Permit No.: 17526 Size (ha): 0.263 

State: TX County: Cameron Bay : Laguna Madre 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 208 COE Permit No.: 16147 Size (ha): 0.527 

State: TX County: Cameron Bay : Laguna Madre 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 699 COE Permit No.: 15537(05) Size (ha): 1.222 

State: TX County: Cameron Bay : Laguna Madre; Lower 

Source of information: Phoenix Huston Construction Co., Inc., P.O. Box 73562, 

Houston, TX 77273, (713) 580-4776 

Comments: S. alternijlora was planted as single stems on 3-ft centers.. Marsh name: 

Boardwalk. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 201 COE Permit No.: 17837 Size (ha): 3.238 

State: TX County: Chambers Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 198 COE Permit No.: 17664 Size (ha): 0.040 

State: TX County: Chambers Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 193 COE Permit No.: 17318 Size (ha): 1.113 

State: TX County: Chambers Bay : Galveston Bay; East Bay; GIWW 
Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 205 COE Permit No.: 18052 Size (ha): 0.004 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 203 COE Permit No.: 17848 Size (ha): 0.567 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 200 COE Permit No.: 17962 Size (ha): 0.036 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 183 COE Permit No.: 13636(02) Size (ha): 0.040 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; Clear Lake 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 182 COE Permit No.: 13926(01) Size (ha): 0.186 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; Clear Lake; Jarbo Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 197 COE Permit No.: 16379 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; Dickinson Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 194 COE Permit No.: 18034 Size (ha): 0.022 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; East Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 206 COE Permit No.: 18891 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; Jones Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 234 COE Permit No.: 17800 Size (ha): 0.809 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 233 COE Permit No.: 18958 Size (ha): 1.918 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 231 COE Permit No.: 17875 Size (ha): 0.239 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 230 COE Permit No.: 17937 Size (ha): 0.004 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 225 COE Permit No.: 16677 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 235 COE Permit No.: 18982 Size (ha): 0.081 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay; Offatts Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 232 COE Permit No.: 1833011 Size (ha): 2.258 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay; Offatts Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 
Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 228 COE Permit No.: 17073 Size (ha): 0.405 

State: TX County: Galveston Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay; Offatts Bayou 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 229 COE Permit No.: 17240 Size (ha): 0.567 

State: TX County: Galveston ? Bay : Galveston Bay; West Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 204 COE Permit No.: 18195 Size (ha): 0.040 

State: TX County: Harris Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 202 COE Permit No.: 17759 Size (ha): 1.578 

State: TX County: Harris Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 199 COE Permit No.: 17866 Size (ha): 0.093 

State: TX County: Harris Bay : Galveston Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 181 COE Permit No.: 16601(01) Size (ha): 0.012 

State: TX County: Harris ? Bay : Galveston Bay; Clear Lake; Clear Creek 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 223 COE Permit No.: 19377 Size (ha): 0.121 

State: TX County: Jefferson Bay : Sabine Lake 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 
Marsh Inventory No.: 190 COE Permit No.: 16533 Size (ha): 0.389 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 189 COE Permit No.: 17371 Size (ha): 0.809 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 188 COE Permit No.: 13192(05) Size (ha): 1.214 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 185 COE Permit No.: 16816 Size (ha): 0.567 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 187 COE Permit No.: 17191 Size (ha): 0.036 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay; La Quinta Channel 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 217 COE Permit No.: 18020 Size (ha): 3.035 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay; Nueces Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 218 COE Permit No.: 16213 Size (ha): 1.680 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Corpus Christi Bay; Oso Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 210 COE Permit No.: 17181 Size (ha): 0.101 

State: TX County: Nueces Bay : Laguna Madre; GIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 
(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 222 COE Permit No.: 18286 Size (ha): 0.279 

State: TX County: Orange Bay : Sabine Lake 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 220 COE Permit No.: Permit # GI6475 Size (ha): 0.142 

State: TX County: San Patricio Bay : Aransas Bay; Redfish Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 219 COE Permit No.: 16412 Size (ha): 0.186 

State: TX County: San Patricio Bay : Aransas Bay; Redfish Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 212 COE Permit No.: 16560 Size (ha): 3.359 

State: TX County: San Patricio Bay : Aransas Bay; Redfish Bay; GIWW 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 192 COE Permit No.: 1784711 Size (ha): 22.259 

State: TX County: San Patricio Bay : Corpus Christi Bay 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(8 13) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 207 COE Permit No.: 16656 Size (ha): 0.101 

State: TX County: Bay : Gulf of Mexico 

Source of information: Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr., NMFS SE Region Headquarters, 

Habitat Conservation Division, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St. Petersburg, FL 33702; 

(813) 893-3503. 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 648 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Broad Bay 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: No S. alterniflora planted.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 726 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay, James River 
Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion.. Marsh name: Camp Chanco 

Marsh Inventory No.: 731 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion.. Marsh name: Tankard 

Marsh Inventory No.: 745 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

Vanderslice 

Marsh Inventory No.: 675 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Cherrystone Inlet; Wescoat Cove 

Source of information: (Knudsen et al, 1982) 

Comments: This is likely the oldest man-made S. altemiflora marsh created to protect the 

shore from erosion. The marsh was used as a test site to gage wave energy dissipation by 

a marsh.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 737 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Fleets Bay; Tabbs Creek 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

Poole 

Marsh Inventory No.: 742 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; James River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with both species in June 1983, and 

again in July 1983.. Marsh name: King 

Marsh Inventory No.: 741 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; James River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. altemifira in June 1983.. 

Marsh name: Mariner's Museum 

Marsh Inventory No.: 739 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; James River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

Ele y 

Marsh Inventory No.: 674 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 
State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; James River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alternijlora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion.. Marsh name: Hog Island 

Marsh Inventory No.: 676 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Kings Creek 

Source of information: (Knudsen et al, 1982) 

Comments: The marsh was used as a test site to gage wave energy dissipation by a 

marsh.. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 740 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Lynnhaven Roads; Lynnhaven Bay; 

Broad Bay 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alternijlora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. altemifira in June 1983.. 

Marsh name: Broad Bay Manor 

Marsh Inventory No.: 744 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Lynnhaven Roads; Lynnhaven Bay; 

Broad Bay; Linkhorn Bay 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alternijlora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

Johnsen 

Marsh Inventory No.: 678 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Mojack Bay 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion.. Marsh name: Mountjoy 

Marsh Inventory No.: 743 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Occohannock Creek 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion.. Marsh name: Marshall 

Marsh Inventory No.: 736 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Piankatank River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. S. altemifora was replanted in May 1982, and both species were 

replanted in June 1983.. Marsh name: Murphy 

Marsh Inventory No.: 729 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Potomac River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion.. Marsh name: Gill 

Marsh Inventory No.: 735 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 
State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemijZora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. Was replanted with both species in May 1982 and again in June 

1983.. Marsh name: Garrett 

Marsh Inventory No.: 734 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. S. alterniflora was replanted with both species in May 1982.. 

Marsh name: Durham West 

Marsh Inventory No.: 733 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with both species in May 1982.. Marsh 

name: Durham South 

Marsh Inventory No.: 732 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. S. altemifira was replanted in June 1983. Marsh name: Wellford 

Marsh Inventory No.: 727 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens and S. patens was planted on 

1.5-ft centers to control shore erosion. The marsh was replanted in May, 1982.. Marsh 

name: Windmill Point 

Marsh Inventory No.: 728 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; Rappahannock River; Corrotoman River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemiflora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion. S. alterniflora and S. patens was replanted in June, 1983.. Marsh 

name: lee 

Marsh Inventory No.: 746 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; York River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alternijlora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

Collier 

Marsh Inventory No.: 738 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; York River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion. The marsh was replanted with S. alterniflora in June 1983.. Marsh name: 

York River State Park 
Marsh Inventory No.: 747 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay; York River; Parnunkey River 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. alterniflora was planted on 1.5-ft centers to control 

shore erosion.. Marsh name: Davis 

Marsh Inventory No.: 730 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Chesapeake Bay;mouth of Occohannock Creek 

Source of information: (Hardaway et al, 1985) 

Comments: A fringe marsh of S. altemijlora and S. patens was planted on 1.5-ft centers 

to control shore erosion.. Marsh name: Hickman 

Marsh Inventory No.: 652 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 

State: VA County: Bay : Occohannack Creek 

Source of information: Donald W. Hamer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1536 Rt. 

9 North, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 (609) 465-5901 

Comments: . 

Marsh Inventory No.: 389 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: VA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc.,,P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: White Stone. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 291 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.405 

State: VA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Shoreline erosion control project.. Marsh name: Eastville. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 508 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.162 

State: VA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Chincoteague 

Mitigation. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 507 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.040 

State: VA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: Willis Wharf. 

Marsh Inventory No.: 557 COE Permit No.: Size (ha): 0.202 

State: VA County: Bay : 

Source of information: Dr. Edgar Garbisch, Environmental Concern, Inc., P.O.Box 

P, St. Michaels, MD 21663, (410) 745-9620 

Comments: Built by Environmental Concern, Inc. . Marsh name: VIDCO. 
SECTION Ill 

DIRECTORY OF HUMAN RESOURCES 
Table of Contents 

Section Ill .. Directory of Human Resources 

FOREWORD ....................... 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............... 

DIRECTORY ....................... Alabama ............................. California ............................ Connecticut ........................... Delaware ............................. District of Columbia ..................... Florida .............................. Georgia .............................. Louisiana ............................. Maine ............................... Maryland ............................. Massachusetts ......................... Mississippi ........................... New Hampshire ........................ New Jersey ........................... NewYork ............................ North Carolina ......................... Oregon .............................. Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... South Carolina ......................... Texas ............................... Virginia .............................. Washington ........................... 

DIRECTORY FORM .................. 

INDEX of PARTICIPANTS .............. 
Foreword 

Each year, the coastal areas of the United States are burdened by increasing 

populations, industrial growth, and expanded recreational use. These growths lead to 

increased use of estuaries that often threatens the well being and even the existence of coastal 

wetland habitats. The salt marshes that abounded along most of our estuaries have often 

been dredged or filled and thus converted for man's use. Many of these changes to salt 

marshes occurred before these marshes had been shown to serve many of the beneficial 

functions they do, such as: protect shorelines from erosion, reduce the impacts of floods, 

remove toxic wastes, and provide valuable habitat that supports fish and wildlife. Our 

increased understanding of the way these marshes function has promoted a national desire to 

preserve and restore coastal wetlands. 

The purpose of this directory is to provide our readers with a list of people involved 

in salt marsh ecology, with particular emphasis on those working on enhancement, 

restoration, and creation of Spartina altemiflora marshes. We hope and expect the directory 

will be of use to aid in information exchange among scientists working in this field, and 

between scientists and lay people concerned about their local estuary or marsh, coastal 

landowners interested in preserving their property, and companies needing assistance with 

habitat mitigation. This directory is not a "complete" listing of all persons and organizations 

that are involved and have pertinent knowledge on our subject. It is a list of those who 

kindly responded to our inquiries and who recognize the directory as another tool to help in 

the preserving and restoring of salt marshes and coastal wetlands. The directory is intended 

to be "living" in the sense that periodic updates are anticipated. We will be pleased to add 

people we missed if you will fill in a directory form (at the back of this directory) and return 

it to us. 

The directory is organized alphabetically by state. People are listed alphabetically by 

last name under the state in their address. An alphabetical index of participants is included, 

and is ordered by last names and initials. A directory form is included at the back. 
Acknowledgments 

To those of you included in this directory, our sincere thanks for your participation. 

And if we have omitted an important player, it was purely accidental. 

We wish to thank our four regional assistants who helped find many participants and 

recorded the early entries. 

Northeast: Mr. Chris Luis Sardella 

Atlantic: Mr. Andrew L. Bunch 

Gulf: Dr. Joseph L. Staton 

West: Mr. Russell E. DiFiori 

We also thank the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center and the Coastal Ocean 

Program for sponsoring this directory project as part of a grant to study the technology and 

success in restoration, enhancement, and creation of salt marshes in the United States. 

Good Planting! 
Directory 

Alabama 

Mr. Hugh M. Dowling 

Dowling Environmental Services 

P.O. Box, 66003 

Mobile, AL 36660 

Work phone: (205) 476-2010 

FAX: (205) 476-201 1 

President. 

Projects: 

Has planted 30-40 projects over the last 10 years. Marsh 

plantings are guaranteed. 

Mr. Steve Heath 

Alabama Marine Resources 

P.O. Box 189 

Dauphin Island, AL 36528 

Work phone: (205) 861-2882 

FAX: (205) 861-8741 

Fisheries resource and habitat manager; coastal waters and 

wetlands, and their fisheries. 

Projects: 

1. Reviews proposed alterations of coastal habitat to 

preserve fisheries and wildlife habitat. 

2. Monitors progress of mitigation effort., some 

involving Spartina altemijlora salt marshes. 

3. Assists in evaluating fisheries, and in developing 

fisheries management strategies. 

Mr. Arthur L. Middleton 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District 

Operations Division, Regulatory Branch 

P.O. Box 2288 

Mobile, AL 36628-0001 

Work phone: (205) 694-3786 

FAX: (205) 694-4264 

Supervisory Ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Presently (1992) installing in Mobile, Alabama, Navy 

home port site, a Spartina altemijlora marsh and a Juncus 

marsh of about 25 acres (unsure about percentages of each 

marsh type). 

2. Delta Port development community along the west of 

Fowl River. Combination of Spartina alternijlora and 

Juncus, about 45 acres installed since 1987. 

Mr. Edwin R. "Randy" Roach 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Division of Ecological Services 

P.O. Box 1197 

Daphne, AL 36526 

Work phone: (205) 690-2181 

FAX: - Senior Field Biologist. 

Projects: 

Naval Station, Mobile, AL. Marsh restoration with 75% 

Juncus-roemerianus and 25% Spartina alternijlora. 

Dr. Judy P. Stout 

University of Southern Alabama 

Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium, Dauphin 

Island Sea Lab 

P.O. BOX 369-370 

Dauphin Island, AL 36528 

Work phone: (205) 861-7529 

FAX: (205) 861-4646 

Associate Director; Estuarine Ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 1-1.5 acre marsh restoration 

began in January 1993; plantings of 50% S. alternij7ora 

and 50% J. roemerianus. 

2. Evaluation of coastal wetlands from mitigation in 

coastal Alabama; final report available and includes created 

S. altemij7ora wetlands. 

Mr. Thomas D. Thornhill 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

P.O. Drawer 1190 

Daphne, AL 36526 

Work phone: (205) 690-2181 

FAX: (205) 694-4222 

Fish and Wildlife Biologist. 

Projects: 

1. Ongoing monitoring of mitigation project for Chevron 

of Pascagoula; planted earlier and destroyed by hurricane-- 

replanted in 1988 (approx.) Spartina and Juncus marsh 

that is surviving well. 

2. Planned site for Gulfport not yet complete by Vitor and 

Associates. 
Dr. Barry A. Vittor 

Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. 

Environmental Research & Consulting 

8060 Cottage Hill Road 

Mobile, AL 36695 

Work phone: (205) 633-6100 

FAX: (205) 633-6738 

Director; wetlands creationlrestoration. 

Projects: 

1. Restoration and creation of wetlands including Spartina 

alterniflora marsh along the West Fowl River near 

Mobile, AL. 

2. Port Authority, Gulfport; tidal wetland creation at 

Bayou Portage. 

3. Naval Station at Mobile; nursery work for S. 

altemijlora for a 25-acre tidal marsh on Mobile Bay. 

4. LPM, Inc.; tidal influenced fresh marsh restoration at 

Chickasaw Creek (Mobile River). 

5. AmWest Savings; creation of a tidal influenced marsh 

in a drainage swale on Perdido Bay, FL. 

California 

Mr. James R. Bybee 

National Marine Fisheries Service, SW Region 

Habitat Conservation Division 

777 Sonoma Ave., Room 325 

Santa Rosa, CA 95404 

Work phone: (707) 578-7513 

FAX: (707) 578-3435 

Environmental Coordinator, Northern California. 

Projects: 

1. Habitat protection for fisheries and fisheries related 

populations. 

Mr. Curtis Daehler 

University of California, Davis 

Department of Zoology 

P.O. Box 247 Bodega Marine Lab 

Bodega Bay, CA 95923 

Work phone: (707) 875-2022 

FAX: (707) 875-2089 

Graduate Student in Zoology; wetland entomology. 

Projects: 

1. Location, spread, genetics and ecology of alien Spartina 

alterniJZora in Pacific marshes, especially San Francisco 

and San Pablo bays. 

2. Effects of native herbivores on this alien weed: seed set 

and spread as affected by herbivory. 

Ms. Francesca C. Demgen 

Woodward-Clyde Consultants 

Environmental 

2014 Indiana 

Vallejo, CA 94590 

Work phone: (510) 874-1731 

FAX: (510) 874-3268 

Wetland design and monitoring specialist; 

wastewater, freshwater, and estuarine. 

Projects: 

1.1993. Research metal concentrations in a 145 acre manmade fresh and brackish water wetland which receives 

treated secondary effluent. Plant emergent vegetation to 

enhance nitrification. 

2. 1990-93. Design, oversee construction, and monitor 

success of 19 acre freshwater marsh and creek restoration. 

Successful planting of riparian trees and shrubs, 

hydroseeding of emergents, and redistribution of site soils 

with seed stock. 

3.1990-93. Study uptake of copper, lead, and zinc in 

emergent vegetation and sediments in creek and marsh 

receiving urban run-off. 

Mr. Russel E. DiFiori 

5460 55th Street, #45 

San Diego, CA 921 15 

Work phone: (619) 594-6522 

421-6700 Ext.5286 

FAX: - Botanist. Wetlands ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Assisted in NMFS directory of people involved with 

restoration and creation of Spartina spp. marshes. 

Mr. Brian Fink 

Habitat Restoration 

3234 "H" Ashford St. 

San Diego, CA 921 11 

Work phone: (619) 279-8769 

FAX: - Ownerlmanager; horticulturist, wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Wetland plants research: their growing requirements and 

pollination. 

2. Contract growing of Cordylanthus muritimus 

maritimus and other sensitive plants. 

3. Cultivation of Spartina foliosa studied for Caltrans. 

4. Establishment of Salicornia virginica is being studied 

for the Pacific Estuarine Research Lab. 

Mr. Robert S. Hoffman 

National Marine Fisheries Service, SW Region 

Habitat Conservation Div. 

501 W. Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200 

Long Beach, CA 90802-4213 

Work phone: (310) 980-4000 

FAX: (310) 980-4018 
Fishery biologist; seagrass (Zostera) ecology. 

Projects: 

Evaluates habitat impacts of coastal waters, particularly as 

they relate to fisheries organisms. Involved with the longterm monitoring of a Spartina transplant project in San 

Diego Bay. 

Dr. Michael Josselyn 

San Francisco State University 

Romberg Tiburon Center 

P.O. Box 855 

Tiburon, CA 94920 

Work phone: (415) 435-7126 

FAX: (415) 435-7120 

Estuarine ecologist; wetland evaluations, design and 

restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Ecological consequences of introduced Spartina 

alternijlora on San Francisco Bay. 2. Control 

mechanisms to eradicate S. alternijlora; carbohydrate 

chemistry and means of control. 

Mr. James R. Smith 

Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 

3400 Crow Canyon Rd. 

San Ramon, CA 94583 

Work phone: (510) 866-5828 

FAX: (510) 866-5915 

Biologist. 

Projects: 

1. Pittsburg (611192); restoration of brackish tidal 

marshlands and native uplands in Suisun Bay, San 

Francisco, CA, about 1500 acres. 

2. McArthur Swamp (112192); restoration of permanent 

and seasonal freshwater wetlands in Fall River Valley, 

Shasta County, CA, about 1000 acres. 

Mr. Douglas Spicher 

Wetlands Research Associates, Inc. 

2169-G East Francisco Blvd. 

San Rafael, CA 94901 

Work phone: (415) 454-8868 

FAX: (415) 454-0129 

Projects: 

Studied the distribution and taxonomy of Spartina 

(Gramineae) in northern California. 

Dr. Donald R. Strong 

University of California, Davis 

Bodega Marine Laboratory 

P.O. Box 247, Bodega Marine Lab 

Bodega Bay, CA 94923 

Work phone: (707) 875-2022 

FAX: (707) 875-2089 

Professor; Zoology, wetland entomology. 

Projects: 

1. Location, spread, genetics and ecology of alien Spartina 

alterniflora in Pacific marshes, especially San Francisco 

and San Pablo bays. 

2. Effects of native herbivores on this alien weed: seed set 

and spread as affected by herbivory. 

Dr. Sue L. Williams 

San Diego State University 

Pacific Estuarine Research Lab 

Biology Department 

San Diego, CA 92182-0057 

Work phone: (619) 594-6522 

FAX: (619) 594-5676 

Professor/Researcher; wetland ecosystems. 

Projects: 

1. Research needs for restoring sustainable coastal 

ecosystems on the Pacific Coast. 

Dr. Joy B. Zedler 

San Diego State University 

Pacific Estuarine Research Lab 

Biology Department 

San Diego, CA 92182-0057 

Work phone: (619) 594-5809 

FAX: (619) 594-5676 

Director PERL, Professor/Researcher; wetland 

ecosystems. 

Projects: 

1. Assessed functional equivalency of marshes in the San 

Diego area; the Calms Connector Marsh compared with 

the Sweetwater River Wetlands Complex. 

2. Canopy architecture of natural and planted cordgrass 

marshes: selecting habitat evaluation criteria. 

3. Research needs for restoring sustainable coastal 

ecosystems on the Pacific Coast. 

Mr. John J. Zentner 

Zenmer & Zenmer 

925 Ygnacio Valley Rd, Suite 250 

Walnut Creek, CA 94596 

Work phone: (510) 947-6888 

FAX: (510) 947-1798 

Principal; Wetland restorations 

Projects: 

1. Warm Springs I, Fremont, CA. Created salt marsh 

(muted tidal). 

2. Mariner's Cove, Vallejo, CA. Created tidal salt marsh. 
Connecticut Director; wetlands and uplands landscape architect and 

designer. 

Mr. Peter F. Alexander, ASLA, APA 

Sound Shore Institute, Site Design 

6 West Putnam Ave. 

Greenwich, CT 06830 

Work phone: (203) 869-6895 

FAX: (203) 869-2005 

Landscape architect; GIs based CAD designerlplanner 

Projects: 

1. Katama Bay replanting, 1974. 

2. Metzger Marsh at Stony Creek, 1979. 

3. Byrarn Mianus River restoration, 1989. 

4. Grass Island, 1992. 

Mr. Michael A. Aurelia 

Town of Greenwich 

Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Agency 

101 Field Point Road 

Greenwich, CT 06830 

Work phone: (203) 622-7736 

FAX: (203) 622-3767 

Director, regulatory planning and management; freshwater 

and marine wetlands scientist. 

Projects: 

1. Initiated the Greenwich Point project on Long Island 

Sound, where 2 acres of intertidal beach was planted with 

Spartina alterniflora by E. Garbisch and Environmental 

Concern back in 1975. Continues to monitor the well 

being of this marsh. 

2. Involved with developing regulatory policy regarding 

freshwater and marine wetlands, their use and their 

preservation. 

Mr. Mark Heller 

S.E. Minor and Co., Inc. 

81 Holly Hill Lane 

Greenwich, CT 06830 

Work phone: (203) 869-0136 

FAX: (203) 869-7869 

Landscape architect; design of coastal and freshwater 

wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Coscob Harbor; Greenwich, CT. Designed a coastal 

Spartina altern$ora marsh for mitigation. Project 

involved dredging an area of marsh where Phragmites 

australis had taken over, to restore tidal salt water flows. 

Projects: 

1. Mianus River Bridge project to create a Spartina 

alternijlora salt marsh; 0.3 acres of intertidal area were 

planted with S. alternijlora, good growth was obtained 

before the Canadian geese ate the tops off. 

2. Conair Corp.- restored a 0.2 acre Spartina alternflora 

marsh and wading pool from a Phragmites colony. 

3. Mansfield Landing- restored a tidal wetland by 

excavating fill material to appropriate grades; allowing 

revegetation through natural seeding from nearby marshes. 

Dr. William A. Niering 

Connecticut College 

Botany Department 

270 Mohegan Ave. 

New London, CT 06320 

Work phone: (203) 439-2143 

FAX: (203) 439-2700 

Professor; botany, wetlands ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Connecticut shoreline marshes, evaluation of plant 

succession. 

2. Plant community change with the restoration of tidal 

flows to a 20 hectare coastal marsh in Stonington, 

Connecticut. GIs analysis of the changes showed Typha 

angustifolia habitat was greatly reduced while Spanina 

alternijlora habitat was greatly increased. Phragmites 

habitat increased only slightly. 

Mr. Matthew J. Popp 

Environmental Design Associates, P.C. 

P.O. Box 247,78 Danbury Road 

Wilton, CT 06897 

Work phone: (203) 762-8020 

FAX: (203) 762-7881 

Environmental analyst and landscape architect; site 

development and environmental planning. 

Projects: 

1. Mianus River Bridge project to create a Spartina 

alternijlora salt marsh. 

2. Conair Corp.- restored a Spartina alternijZora marsh and 

wading pool from a Phragmites colony. 

3. Mansfield Landing- restored a tidal wetland by 

excavating fill material to appropriate grades; allowing 

revegetation through natural seedig from nearby marshes. 

2. Designed several other freshwater and salt water marsh 

creationhestoration projects. Mr. Erwin N. Potter 

Erwin Potter and Associates, Environmental System 

Mr. Richard E. Kent 

Environmental Design Associates, P.C. 

P.O. Box 247,78 Danbury Road 

Wilton, CT 06897 

Work phone: (203) 762-8020 

FAX: (203) 762-7881 

Planning, Ltd. 

P.O. Box 839 

Sandy Hook, CT 06482 

Work phone: (203) 426-5936 

FAX: (203) 426-8917 

Landscape architect. Coastal landscape design. 
Mr. Ron Rozsa 

Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, 

Office of the Long Island Sound Program 

79 Elm Street 

Hartford, CT 06106 

Work phone: (203) 566-7404 

Ms. Judith A. Slayback 

Environmental Design Associates, P.C. 

P.O. Box 247,78 Danbury Road 

Wilton, CT 06897 

Work phone: (203) 762-8020 

FAX: (203) 762-7881 

Senior Environmental Analyst; environmental planning 

and restoration, freshwater and marine. 

Projects: 

1. Mianus River Bridge project to create a Spartina 

altern$ora salt marsh; 0.3 acres of intertidal area were 

planted with S. altemi$ora, good growth was obtained 

before the Canadian geese ate the tops off. 

2. Conair Corp- restored a 0.2 acre Spartina altem$ora 

marsh and wading pool from a Phragmites colony. 

3. Mansfield Landing- restored a tidal wetland by 

excavating fill material to appropriate grades; allowing 

revegetation through natural seeding from nearby marshes. 

Mr. Thomas J. Steinke 

Conservation Commission, Town of Fairfield 

Independence Hall, 725 Old Post Road 

Fairfield, CT 06430 

Work phone: (203) 256-3071 

FAX: (203) 256-3080 

Conservation Director for the Town of Fairfield. 

Projects: 

1. m: 1973, restored tidal flows using selfregulating tide gates (SRT) and open marsh water 

management (OMWM) to a 16-acre Phragmites marsh 

diked for flood control: elimination of marsh fires, 

mosquitoes, reduction of Phragmites; self-regulating 

tidegate. 

2. Ash Creek: 1974, restored tidal flows (SRT and 

OMWM) to a 14-acre Phragmites marsh diked for flood 

control and marina development. Elimination of 

Phragmites and fires, reduction of mosquitoes, restoration 

of site. 

3. Pine Creek: 1979, restored tidal flows (SRT, dikes, & 

OMWM) to a 130-acre marsh diked for flood control, 

roads, garbage dump, subdivisions, parks. Elimination of 

fires, Phragmites, odors, flooding, and mosquitoes. 

4. Sasco Creek: 1987, restored tidal flows to 

30+ acres of salt marsh isolated by causeway, highway 

and railroad bridges. Rebuilt larger highway bridge and 

cleaned out 140 years of debris from RR bridge. Greatly 

improved flushing eliminated fires, reduced mosquitoes 

and Phragmites. 

5. Great Creek (Milford, Connecticut) 1990. 

Assisted State of Connecticut in Silver 

Sands State Park flood control and 150-acre marsh 

restoration effort with self-regulating tidegates. This 

solved the flooding, fire and mosquito problems, and 

restored shellfish, waterfowl, and fish habitats. 

Dr. R. Scott Warren 

Connecticut College 

Botany Department 

270 Mohegan Avenue 

Box 5362, Conn. College 

New London, CT 06320-4196 

Work phone: (203) 439-2132 

FAX: (203) 439-25 19 

Professor of Botany; tidal marsh ecology, physiological 

ecology; fish and invertebrate ecology in coastal wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Restoration of an impounded tidal marsh at the Barn 

Island Wildlife Management Area - Stonington, CT. 

Effects of restored tidal flows to the area have been 

monitored for changes in flora and fauna. 1980 to present. 

2. Marsh restoration through dredged material removal at 

Mumford Cove, Blaff Point Coastal Reserve - Groton, 

CT. Material was removed and surface was regraded 

before dikes were breached to restore tidal exchange. Flora 

and fauna changes have been monitored since 1989. 

Delaware 

Mr. Bennett N. Anderson 

Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources & Environmental 

Control, Division of Water Resources, 

Watershed Assessment Branch 

P.O. Box 1401,89 Kings Highway 

Dover, DE 19901 

Work phone: (302) 739-4590 

FAX: (302) 739-6140 

Environmental Scientist. Estuarine Science; Oil Spill 

Response and Restoration 

Projects: 

Various EPA superfund and oil spill studies. 

Mr. John H. Clark 

Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources & Environmental 

Control, Division of Fish and Wildlife 

P.O. Box 1401, 89 Kings Highway 

Dover, DE 19903 

Work phone: (302) 739-4782 

FAX: (302) 739-6780 

Environmental scientist. 

Projects: 

1.1989-1994. Impoundment - estuarine interactions. 

Examining the effects of recently implemented water 

management plans enhancing tidal exchange for two high 

level tidal impoundments. Studying the in and out 
movements and survival of fish associated with these 

impoundments. 

2. 1993-1994. Comparing fish communities in the 

impoundments with those in adjacent natural marshes. 

Dr. John L. Gallagher 

University of Delaware 

College of Marine Studies, Halophyte Biology Lab 

700 Pilottown Rd. 

Lewes, DE 19958 

Work phone: (302) 645-4366 

FAX: (302) 645-4028 

Professor. Biochemistry of halophyte and marsh ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Phenotypic growth of S. alterniflora. 

2. Monitoring restored salt marsh growth and function. 

Dr. George W. Luther, I11 

University of Delaware 

College of Marine Studies 

Lewes, DE 19958 

Work phone: (302) 645-4208 

FAX: (302) 645-4007 

Professor; Geochemistry of salt marshes; iron and sulfur 

chemistry. 

Projects: 

1. Geochemical studies of iron and sulfur in various salt 

marshes in N.J., in the Great Sippewissett, MA, and in 

the Great Marsh, DE. 

2. Additional biogeochemical studies were done in 

Delaware Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Newark Bay, and inland 

bays of Delaware. 

3. Mid-Atlantic Bight Coastal work from NY to Cape 

Hatteras involved geochemical analyses of iron and sulfur 

in sediments and the water column. 

Dr. Evelyn Maurmeyer 

Coastal and Estuarine Research 

Marine Studies Complex 

P.O. Box 674 

Lewes, DE 19958 

Work phone: (302) 645-9610 

FAX: (302) 645-4006 

Marine scientist; coastal geology, wetlands mitigation 

consulting. 

Projects: 

1. Delaware Bay shoreline erosion control near Lower 

Township, Cape May, NJ. 

2. Wetlands delineations for coastal areas in Delaware. 

3. Mitigation projects restoring coastal marshes using 

Spartina altern1J7ora and S. patens. 

Mr. Richard McCorkle 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Delaware Bay Estuary Project 

RD #1 Box 146A 

Smyrna, DE 19977 

Work phone: (302) 653-9152 

FAX: (302) 653-9421 

Fish and wildlife biologist 

Projects: 

1. Partners for Wildlife Program. "Gordon's Pond" project 

enhanced the salt marsh habitat in part of a 350-acre track 

by renovating water control structures to allow more tidal 

exchange. This reduced the Phragmites area, and increased 

the Spartina alternijlora and S. patens area. 

2. At the Eugene Mills site, saltmarsh was restored on 

privately owned land by excavating the area to remove 

Phragmites and to improve freshwater inflow as well as 

tidal saltwater inflow. 

Dr. Kurt R. Phillipp 

Wetlands Research Associates, Inc. 

102 E Main Street, Suite 305 

Newark, DE 19711-7319 

Work phone: (302) 738-7535 

FAX: (302) 738-9173 

Wetlands ecologist; consultant. 

Projects: 

1. Historic review of tidal wetlands of the Delaware 

Estuary. 

2. Assist the state of Delaware in developing a tidal 

wetlands characterization and preservation plan. 

3. Evaluate impacts to tidal wetlands from hazardous 

waste sites; Delaware, and New Jersey, and restore tidal 

wetlands. 

4. Develop freshwater wetlands to mitigate impacts of the 

Dulles Toll Road in northern Virginia, and of road work 

by the Delaware DOT in northern Delaware. 

Dr. Denise M. Seliskar 

University of Delaware 

College of Marine Studies, Halophyte Biology Laboratory 

700 Pilottown Road 

Lewes, DE 19958 

Work phone: (302) 645-4366 

FAX: (302) 645-4028 

Associate Research Scientist. 

Projects: 

1. Growth characteristics and tissue culture of Spartina 

altemifira and S. patens. 

2. Accelerating salt marsh functional development through 

plant genotype selection: intra-specific diversity from 

natural populations and tissue culture. 

3. The effect of plant genotype on the food web in a 

created marsh. 

Ms. Tracey Skrabal 

Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 

Division of Water Resources, Wetlands and Aquatic 

Protection Branch 

89 Kings Highway, Box 1401 

Dover, DE 19903 

Work phone: (302) 739-4691 
FAX: (302) 739-3491 

Environmental Scientist. 

Dr. William R. Witman 

Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources & Environmental 

Control, Division of Fish and Wildlife 

P.O. Box 1401,89 Kings Highway 

Dover, DE 19901 

Work phone: (302) 739-5297 

FAX: (302) 739-6157 

Biologist. Waterfowl management and habitat 

conservation. 

Projects: 

1. Compiling, editing and publishing a waterfowl habitat 

management guide for the Atlantic Flyway. 

2. Participant in the USFWS's Parmers for Wildlife 

Program. Habitat advisor. 

3. Technical representative to the North American 

Waterfowl Management Plan; including serving on the 

Policy Committee. 

District of Columbia 

Dr. Mary ' C. Barber 

Science and Policy Associates 

West Tower, Suite 400 

1333 H Street NW 

Washington, DC 20005 

Work phone: (202) 789-1201 

FAX: (202) 789-1206 

Consultant-Senior Environmental Scientist. 

Projects: 

1. Competition between salt marsh plants, 

1982 (thesis-not published) 

Florida 

Ms. Lisa Adams 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

NE District Office 

7825 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200B 

Jacksonville, FL 32256-7577 

Work phone: (904) 448-4300 

FAX: - 

Environmental Specialist I Compliance of Permits 

Projects: 

1. Ocean Highway and Port Authority, 1993. Mitigation 

project involving scrape-down and planting of Spartina 

alternijlora. 

2. Dames Point project. Establishment of S. altem$Zora 

marshes. Has filled in well. 

3. Ameilia Island Yacht Club project. Restoration of 

marshes along a dredged material island and access road. 

4. Anastasia Sanitary District pipeline project. Establish 

marsh over a sewer pipeline running through a marsh; is 

slowly filling in. 

Mr. Carl Bates 

Plants for Tomorrow, Inc. 

16361 Norris Road 

Loxahatchee, FL 33470-9430 

Work phone: (800) 448-2525 

FAX: (407) 790-1916 

Growerlplanterldesigner; Spartina restorations. 

Projects: 

1. Grows and supplies Spartina bakeri, S. alternijlora, and 

S. patens-for restoration of habitats. Has done many 

projects. 

2. Currently installing a large S. alterniflora marsh at 

Moms Island near Charleston, SC. 

Mr. Steve Beeman 

Ecoshores, Inc. 

Shoreline Associates 

3881 South Nova Road 

Port Orange, FL 32127 

Work phone: (904) 767-6232 

FAX: (904) 759-9895 

Growerlsupplier of Spartina spp. 

Projects: 

1. Grows and supplies Spartina alternflora, S. bakeri, and 

S. patens. 

2. Designs and builds coastal marshes and wetlands. Over 

50 well established. 

3. A varied wetlands habitat project at Admirals Cove near 

Jupiter, FL. Includes S. alterniflora marsh creation in the 

60-acre site. 

Mr. James William Beever, 111 

Florida Game & Freshwater Fish, 

Office of Environmental Services 

29200 Tuckers Grade 

Punta Gorda, FL 33955 

Work phone: (813) 639-3515 

FAX: - 

Biologist. Mangrove ecosystem and high marsh ecology. 

Mr. W.Y. Bennett 

Florida Aquatics of Avon Park, Inc. 

3846 Menendez Drive 

Pensacola, FL 32503 

Work phone: (904) 438-2585 

FAX: - 

Growerlsupplier of Spartina alterniflora. 

Projects: 

Suppliers of Spartina alternifira. 
Mr. David M. Biggar, Jr. 

Liner Farm, Inc. 

P.O. Box 701369 

Saint Cloud, FL 34770-1369 

Work phone: (407) 892-1484 

FAX: (407) 892-3593 

Growerlsupplier of Spartina spp. 

Projects: 

Grow and supplies Spartina alternl$lora, S. patens, and S. 

bakeri for restoration and other plantings. 

Mr. William F. Bissett 

The Natives 

2929 J.B . Carter Road 

Davenport, FL 33837 

Work phone: (813) 422-6664 

FAX: - Landscape architecttbuilder. 

Ms. Nancy Bissett 

The Natives 

2929 J.B . Carter Road 

Davenport, FL 33837 

Work phone: (813) 422-6664 

FAX: - Horticulturist. 

Projects: 

Grow Spartina bakeri, sand cordgrass. 

Ms. Lucy Blair 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

S. District Office 

2295 Victoria Ave., Suite 364 

Fort Myers, FL 33901 

Work phone: (813) 332-6975 

FAX: - Environmental Specialist 

Projects: 

Mr. Ronald E. Brockmeyer, Jr. 

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. 

5600 U.S. 1, North 

Ft. Pierce, FL 34946 

Work phone: (407) 465-2400 

Ext. 668 

FAX: (407) 465-2446 

Biologist. Fish biology and marsh ecology. 

Mr. Otto M. Bundy 

Nautilus Environmental Services, Inc. 

P.O. Box 497 

Parish, FL 34219 

Work phone: (800) 771-4114, (800) 422- 

6287 (in Florida) 

FAX: (813) 766-2410 

GrowerlSales Rep. 

Projects: 

1. Consults in the planting of Spartina spp. 

2. Grows Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, S. bakeri and 

S. spartinae for restoration projects. 

Mr. Allen G. Burdett, Jr. 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation 

Water Management 

4520 Oak Fair Blvd. 

Tampa, FL - Work phone: (813) 620-6121 

FAX: (813) 622-6123 

Environmental Restoration Coordinator. Habitat 

restoration, creation and resource management. 

Projects: 

Involved with planning and managing of several projects 

of coastal restoration. 

Mr. Douglas B. Carlson 

Indian River Mosquito Control District 

5655 South Gifford Road 

P.O. Box 670 

Vero Beach, FL 32961-0670 

Work phone: (407) 562-2393 

FAX: (407) 562-9619 

Assistant Director. Mosquito control and salt 

marswwetland management. 

Projects: 

1. Developing, reviewing and implementing management 

plans for salt marshes (high marsh - Batis, Salicornia, 

Distichlis and White and black mangrove) along the Indian 

River lagoon for multipurpose use. 

2. Chairman of the Subcommittee on Managed Marshes, a 

legislatively established interagency committee 

responsible for helping develop and review marsh 

management plans. 

Mr. Kim Cash 

Florida Shrub Growers 

730 Myakka Road 

Sarasota, FL 34240 

Work phone: (813) 322-1915 

FAX: - 

Salesperson. 

Projects: 

Grows and supplies Spartina alternijlora, smooth cord 

grass, and S. bakeri. 

Mr. Jerry Cordy 

CZR, Inc. 

4494 Southside Blvd., Suite 200 

Jacksonville, FL 32216 

Work phone: (904) 642-8507 

FAX: (904) 642-891 1 

Biologist, consulting, wetland delineation, Spartina 

alternifira marsh creation. 
Projects: (more) 

1. Dames Point Bridge, May 1987; created a 9 acre S. 

alternijlora marsh from upland area to offset impacts from 

highway bridge construction. Jacksonville, Florida. 

2. River Crossing, July 1987; create a 1 acre S. 

alternijZora marsh of offset impacts from project entrance 

road. Jacksonville, Florida. 

Mr. David W. Crewz 

Florida Marine Research Institute (FMRI) 

100 8th Avenue SE 

St. Petersburg, FL 33701 

Work phone: (813) 896-8626 

FAX: - Associate Research Scientist. 

Projects: 

1. Evaluated several created Spartina alternijZora marshes 

in Florida. Florida Sea Grant Publication Tech No. 60 (wl 

R. "Robin" Lewis, 111) 

2. Coastal wetland evaluation work for FMRI. 

3. Caryopsis production in natural and a.cially created 

Spartina alterniflora Loisel marshes in Tampa Bay, FL. 

4. Caryopsis production in Spartina spartinae. 

Dr. William P. Davis 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Environmental Research Lab 

1 Fabine Island Drive 

Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-9201 

Work phone: (904) 0934-9312 

FAX: (904) 934-9201 

Aquatic Research Ecologist. Mangrove ecology of 

mangroves, coral reefs, fish and invertebrates. 

Projects: 

1. Bear Bluffs in S .C. Transplanted to dikes from ponds. 

Mr. David M. Drylie 

Green Images 

8100 Cunry Ford Road 

Orlando, FL 32822 

Work phone: (407) 568-1333 

FAX: (407) 568-2061 

Sales representative. 

Growerslsuppliers of Spartina alterniflora, smooth 

cordgrass, S. patens, marsh hay cordgrass, and S. bakeri, 

sand cordgrass. 

Ms. Shelley J. DuPuy 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Panama City Lab, Habitat Conservation Division 

3500 Delwood Beach Road 

Panama City, FL 32408 

Work phone: (904) 234-5061 

FAX: (904) 235-3559 (but call 904-235-6591 to 

make sure it's operable) 

Fishery Biologist. Habitat protection. 

Projects: 

Protection of estuarine and marine habitats for fisheries 

populations. 

Mr. Mark 0. Friedemann 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation 

2600 Blair Stone Road 

Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 

Work phone: (904) 488-0130 

FAX: (904) 488-6579 

Compliance Coordinator. 

Projects: 

1. In charge of vegetative monitoring of mitigation 

efforts. 

Ms. Joyce Gann 

Gann's Tropical Greenery and Natives 

22140 SW 152nd Avenue 

Goulds, FL 33170 

Work phone: (305) 248-5529 

FAX: - 

Owner. 

Growerslsuppliers of Spartina patens, marsh hay 

cordgrass, and S. bakeri. 

Mr. George D. Gann-Matzen 

Ecohorizons 

22601 S W 152nd Avenue 

Goulds, FL 33170 

Work phone: (305) 989-5100 

FAX: - President 

Projects: 

1. Works with restoration of wetlands using Spartina 

patens, S. bakeri, S. spartinae. 

2. Has a database of vascular plants of Florida. 

3. Primarily works with rebuilding plant communities for 

State, private, and non-profit groups; works toward 

restoration of damaged communities rather than the 

creation of new habitats. 

Mr. Joseph L. Gilio 

Gone Native Nursery 

Wetlands Management, Inc. 

P.O. Box 1122 

Jensen Beach, FL 34958 

Work phone: (407) 334-1643 

FAX: (407) 335-1644 

Growerlsupplier of Spartina alternz$ora, S. patens, and S. 

bakeri; wetlands consultant and designer. 

Projects: 

1. Mobil Oil (Sailfish Point), planted Spartina alternifora 

along 2 miles of shoreline. 

2. Planted seven salt-tolerant species, including Spartina 

alternifora, at the Breakers (1.4 ac). 

3. Planted Spartina alternifira at Jensen Beach Club and 

Island Shoppes. 

4. Also planted S. bakeri at many littoral lake sites. 
Dr. R. Grant Gilmore 

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute 

5600 Old Dixie Highway 

Ft. Pierce, FL 34946 

Work phone: (407) 465-2400 

ext. 203 

FAX: (407) 465-2446 

Administration and Research Scientist. Fish ecology. 

Ms. Caroline Hanes 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation 

SE District Office 

1900 S. Congress Ave., Suite A 

West Palm Beach, FL 33406 

Work phone: (407) 433-2650 

FAX: - Environmental Specialist 

Dr. Brandt F. Henningsen 

SW Florida Water Management District 

Surface Water Improvement and Management Program 

7601 Highway 301 N 

Tampa, FL 33637 

Work phone: (813) 985-7481 ext. 2202 

FAX: (813) 985-7481 ext. 2069 

Environmental Scientist. Estuarine wetland restoration and 

preservation. 

Projects: 

Monitoring 15 estuarine marshes, mostly S. alterniflora, 

and several were man-made. 

Mr. Robert D. Karafel 

Metropolitan Dade County 

Environmental Resources Management 

MetruDade Center 

111 N.W. first SU., Suite 1310 

Miami, FL 33128 

Work phone: ???-375-3305 

FAX: - Code enforcement officer - environmental 

Dr. Edwin J. Kepner 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Panama City Lab, Habitat Conservation Division 

3500 Delwood Beach Rd. 

Panama City, FL 32407 

Work phone: (904) 234-5061 

FAX: (904) 235-3559 

Habitat Conservation Division Station Chief 

Projects: 

Coordinates habitat conservation efforts of NMFS in the 

NE Gulf of Mexico. 

Dr. Thomas C. Kosier 

Plants for Tomorrow, Inc. 

16361 Norris Road 

Loxahatchee, FL -33470 

Work phone: (407) 790-1422 

FAX: (407) 790-1916 

Head of Research and Development; vice President. 

Projects: 

Growers/suppliers of Spartina alterniflora, smooth 

cordgrass; S. bakeri, sand cordgrass; and S. patens, marsh 

hay cordgrass. Most of material grown for in-house 

contracting projects. Has done some consulting work 

with Robin Lewis. Approximately 5% of consulting is 

Spartina altern$ora. 

Dr. William L. Kruczynski 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory 

Sabine Island 

Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-3999 

Work phone: (904) 934-9279 

FAX: (904) 934-9201 

Wetlands Expert. 

Projects: 

1. Planting of a spoil island using Spartina alterniflora at 

Apalachicola, FL, 1976. 

2. Planting of a spoil island using Spartina alterniflora at 

Dickerson Bay, FL, 1975. 

Mr. Mark Latch 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 

Water Management 

2600 Blair Stone Rd. 

Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 

Work phone: (904) 488-0130 

FAX: (904) 488-6579 

Division Director. Aquatic ecology and wetland resource 

management. 

Dr. Roy Robin Lewis, I11 

Lewis Environmental Services, Inc. 

P.O. Box 20005 

Tampa, FL 33622-0005 

Work phone: (813) 889-9684 

FAX: (813) 881-1586 

Wetlands consultant; Ecological consulting, Spartina and 

mangrove marsh enhancement, restoration and creation. 

Projects: 

1. Developed methods for creation and restoration of 

Spartina alternij20t-a and mangrove marshes in Florida. 

2. Designed and created Spartina alterniflora marshes as 

mitigation for impacts to estuarine marshes in Tampa Bay 

area for several companies. 

Mr. Brightman Logan 

Association of Florida Native Nurseries 

P.O. Box 1045 

San Antonio, FL 33576-1045 

Work phone: (904) 588-3687 

FAX: (904) 588-4552 

Secretary of Association (1992). 
Projects: 

Produce the "Plant and Service Directory" annually; about 

$2.50; lists sources of Spartina spp. and companies that 

grow and install it. 

Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr. 

National Marine Fisheries Service, SE Region 

Habitat Conservation Division 

9721 Executive Center Drive, North 

St. Petersburg, FL 33702 

Work phone: (813) 893-3503 

FAX: (813) 893-3111 

Assistant Regional Director, SE Region. Resource 

management and Fisheries. 

Projects: 

1. Records and tracks water development projects 

(including proposed wetland mitigation) in the coastal area 

of the NMFS SE region using R-base (database system) 

on an IBM compatible PC. 

2. Manages various NMFS habitat mitigation programs 

for the NMFS SE region (e.g. Coastal Wetland Planning, 

Protection and Restoration Act). 

Mr. Frank Melton 

Conservation Consultants, Inc. / Native Plants 

P.O. Box 248 

321 61st St. E. / Palm View Rd. 

Palmetto, FL 34220 

Work phone: (813) 729-5015 

FAX: (813) 729-8384 

Horticulturist; growing wetland plants, and restoring 

wetland areas. 

Projects: 

1. Grower and supplier of Spartina alternijZora, S. bakeri, 

and S. patens, as well as other wetland plants such as 

mangroves, Rhizophora and Avicennia. 

2. Created marsh with Spartina alterni&ra and red 

mangrove plants at Barefoot Beach near Bonito Springs. 

3. Created 5 acres of marsh at Perico Harbor near Sarasota 

Bay. Site located at West Manatee Ave. and Bradenton. 

Mr. Robert Patten 

Coastal Dunes, Inc. 

1605 Main St. #800 

Sarasota, FL 34236 

Work phone: (813) 366-6538 

FAX: (813) 954-6036 

President and Founder. Salt marsh and coastal habitat 

restoration. 

Projects: 

Various restoration projects. 

Ms. Ann Redmond 

Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation 

2600 Blair Stone Road 

Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 

Work phone: (904) 488-0130 

FAX: (904) 488-6579 

Mitigation Coordinator. 

Projects: 

Ms. Pamela Reeder 

Coastal Revegetation, Inc. 

Shoreline Associates 

5 Northeast 2nd Street 

Delray Beach, FL 33444 

Work phone: (407) 495-0198 

FAX: (407) 278-7513 

Growers/suppliers of Spartina alternimra, S. patens, and 

S. bakeri. 

Projects: 

1. Munyon Island restoration project for the Palm Beach 

County Dept. of Environmental Resources Management. 

2. Ash Landfill mitigation for Broward County Office of 

Integrated Waste Management. 

3. Many other Spartina planting projects since 1981. 

Mr. Michael E. Reily 

The Wetlands Company, Inc. 

7650 S. Tarniami Trail 

Sarasota, FL 34231 

Work phone: (813) 921-6609 

FAX: (813) 921-7265 

Grower/supplier of Spartina alternijlora, S. patens, and S. 

bakeri. 

Mr. Rhodes Robinson 

Environmental Services, INC. 

87 1 1 Perimeter Park Blvd., Suite 11 

Jacksonville, FL 32216 

Work phone: (800) 443-3158 

FAX: (904) 645-9954 

President. Specialties are Mitigation and Wetlands. 

Various, about 75 projects completed. 

Mr. Douglas M. Scheidt 

Harbor Branch Oceanogmphic Institution 

5600 U.S. 1 North 

Ft. Pierce, FL 34946 

Work phone: (407) 465-2400 Ext. 668 

FAX: (407) 465-2446 

Fish Biologist. Fish ecology and marsh ecology. 

Mr. Michael D. Schroer 

Breedlove, Dennis & Associates, Inc. 

4301 Metric Drive 

Winter Park, FL 32792 

Work phone: (407) 677-1882 

FAX: (407) 657-7008 

Associate Scientist 11; environmental consulting. 
Mr. Carl Terwilliger 

Meadow Beauty Nursery 

7210 Saddle Road 

Lake Worth, FL 33463 

Work phone: (407) 969-9250 

FAX: - 

Growerlsupplier of Spartina alternijlora and S. bakeri; 

environmental consulting. 

Projects: 

1. Growing plants for restoration projects. 

2. Bank stabilization of lake and water retention ponds at 

The Mounts Botanical Garden in West Palm Beach, FL, 

using Spartina alternijlora. 

Mr. Thomas W. Tito 

P.O. Box 14116 

St. Petersburg, FL 33733 

Work phone: (813) 895-0446 

FAX: - 

Supplier of Spartina patens, marsh hay cordgrass. 

Projects: 

1. Installation of Spartina and black mangroves at Big 

Bayou, Tampa Bay, 1979-1985. 

2. North Clearwater Beach at St. Joseph's Sound, 

restorationlcreation project to start soon, 1993. 

3. Involved with designing and installing wetland and 

upland native plants for residential and commercial 

landscaping projects. 

Dr. David A. Tomasko 

Sarasota National Estuary Program 

1550n Thompson Parkway 

Sarasota, FL 34236 

Work phone: (813) 361-6133 

FAX: (813) 361-6165 

Senior Scientist. 

Projects: 

1. City Island, Fall '91. 

2. New College, Spring '92. 

3. Leffis Key, Fall '9 1. 

Mr. David J. Wesley 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jacksonville Field Office 

3100 University Blvd., #I20 

Jacksonville, FL 32216 

Work phone: (904) 232-2580 

FAX: (904) 232-2404 

Fish and wildlife biologist 

Review of permit requests to alter coastal wetlands. 

Dr. Quinton A. White 

Jacksonville University 

Department of Biology and Marine Science 

2800 University North 

Jacksonville, FL 3221 1 

Work phone: (904) 744-3950 ext. 6391 

FAX: (904) 744-0101 

Professor of Biology and Marine Science, Chairman of the 

department. 

Mr. Robert Whitman 

9720 Princess Palm Ave., Suite 106 

Tampa, FL 33619 

Work phone: (813) 626-5400 

FAX: (813) 623-1034 

Co-president. Estuarine habitat restoration and fisheries. 

Mr. Mike Zaffke 

Indian Trails Native Nursery 

10629 Anderson Lane 

Lake Worth, FL 33467 

Work phone: (407) 641-9488 

FAX: - Growerlsupplier of wetland plants. 

Projects: 

Grows and supplies wetland plants for restoration or any 

landscaping projects. 

Dr. Nancy C. Zyski 

Mitigation Services, Inc. 

871 1 Perimeter Park Bld., Suite 11 

Jacksonville, FL 32216 

Work phone: (800) 443-3158 

FAX: (904) 645-9954 

President, Specialties-Wetlands Creation and Monitoring 

Wetlands 

Projects: 

1. Anastasia Sanitary District, St. Augustine, FL. 

Restoration and monitoring for a wastewater pipe 

installation project across several thousand feet of salt 

marsh associated with the Matanzas River. The area 

substrate was compacted during pipe installation, but 

Spartina is growing out into the area. 

2. The Greens or Marsh Landing. A salt marsh creation 

and monitoring project, as mitigation for the development 

of an apartment complex. Spartina alternijlora is growing 

rapidly and filling in where expected. 

3. Amelia Island Yacht Club. A Spartina alternzjbra 

creation and monitoring project to mitigate for road 

widening impacts associated with upgrading access to a 

dredged material deposition site. Monitoring was required 

for a three year period. Again, Spartina is growing and 

filling in very well. 

Mr. Oscar Fultz 

Chatham County Mosquito Control Commission 

1321 Eisenhower Drive 

Savannah, GA 31406 

Work phone: (912) 355-6320 

FAX: - 
Director. Mosquito control. 

Projects: 

Some projects affect salt marsh ecology and alteration. 

Mr. Jim Lanier 

Aquascape Environmental Services, Inc. 

2550 Sandy Plains Road, Suite 320-291 

Marietta, GA 30066 

Work phone: (404) 578-0333 

FAX: - 

President; wetlands consulting1 wetland restoration. 

Projects: 

Primary focus is in freshwater wetland restorations. 

Mr. James F. Renner, P.G. 

Kemron Environmental Services 

2987 Clairmont Road, Suite 150 

Atlanta, GA 30329 

Work phone: (404) 636-0928 

FAX: (404) 636-7162 

Senior Geologist; consulting. 

Louisiana 

Mr. John E. Boatman 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Plaquemines Soil and Water Conservation District Office 

104 Hebert Boulevard 

Belle Chase, LA 70037 

Work phone: (504) 394-7741 

FAX: - 

District Conservationist. 

Projects: 

Assess the region for possible revegetation rehabilitation 

sites, and coordinate plantings of Spartina altemiflora for 

the CRDDNR (Steyer's group). 

Mr. Gerald W. Bodin 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

825 Kaliste Saloom Road 

Brandywine Bldg. 11, Suite 102 

Lafayette, LA 70508 

Work phone: (318) 264-6630 

FAX: (318) 264-6663 

Fish and Wildlife Biologist. 

Projects: 

Permitting and recommendations; most of these are 

implemented by individual refuge managers. 

Mr. Allen Bolotte 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

New Orleans Field Office 

P.O. Box 531 

Boutte, LA 70039 

Work phone: (504) 758-2162 

FAX: - 

District Conservationist. 

Projects: 

1. Resource conservation planning in St. John, St. 

Charles, St. Bernard, Jefferson, and Orleans Parishes in 

Louisiana. 

2. Managing several shoreline planting projects in the 

field office area. 

Mr. Wayne Bordelon 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Thibodaux Field Office 

204 East Bayou Road 

Thibodaux, LA 70302 

Work phone: (504) 447-3871 

FAX: - District Conservationist. 

Projects: 

1. 9-14 July 1992 plant 1600 1-gallon containers of 

Spartina alternlflora. 800 at Catahoula Bay and 800 at 

Temple Bay, Louisiana, east side of Bayou LaFourche. 

Use "Nutria-excluders" to prevent grazing of plants by 

Nutria. 

2. 1991- planted 8000 single-stem plants at Bay Laurf, 

Louisiana, on the east side of Bayou LaFourche. Much of 

this was destroyed by Nunia grazing. 

Mr. Edgar 8, Bordes 

New Orleans M~squito Control Board 

660 1 Lake Shes Dsive 

New Orleans, LA 70126 

Work pb~w: (504) 241-2370 

FAX: (504) 244-4662 

Director. 

Projects: 

Manipulation of dredged and levied areas in fresh water 

marsh for the most part, but some survey work in natural 

marsh. 

Mr. Brad L. Broussard 

U.8, Soil Conservation Service 

New Iberia Held Office 

390 Iberia Street 

Suite 320 Courthouse Building 

New Iberia, LA 70560 

Work phone: (318) 369-6623 

FAX: - 

Diswiet Conservationist. 

Projects: 

Identify areas for possible revegetation and rehabilitation, 

arsd amdinate plantings of Spartina alterngora for the 

Coastal Restoration Division of the Department of 

Natural. Resources. 
Mr. Daniel L. Broussard 

Coastal Plants 

2320 W. Alcide 

Abbeville, LA 70510 

Work phone: (318) 893-2202 

FAX: (318) 898-3047 

Owner/Manager. 

Projects: 

1. Experimenting with planting protocols to increase 

viability of plants propagated from the wild. 

2. Sells single stem and gallon containers of Spartina 

(both wild varieties and cultivars from the PMC in 

Galliano, LA); supplier to state and federal contracts. 

Dr. Donald R. Cahoon 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

National Wetlands Research Center 

700 Cajun Dome Blvd. 

Lafayette, LA 70506 

Work phone: (318) 266-8634 

FAX: (318) 266-8513 

Research Scientist. 

Projects: 

1. Marsh resiliency with respect to sea level rise; 

measurement of accretionJsubsidence with respect to 

elevation and sea level of natural marsh nationwide; is 

interested in expansion of project to incorporate 

transplanted marsh. 

Mr. Richard H. Day 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

National Wetland Research Center 

700 Cajun Dome Blvd. 

Lafayette, LA 70506 

Work phone: (318) 266-8557 

FAX: (318) 266-8513 

GeographerMarine Ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Global Climate Change- remote sensing (satellite) of 

marshes compared to near (aerial) spectral analysis of 

marsh - coordinated with ground structure of canopy, etc. 

Measure with spectral radiometer which integrates over 2 

nm wavelengths to create a spectral signature. Satellite's 

7 wide bands are then compared to 350+ bands of near 

sensing (between 400-1 100 nm). 

Dr. Kittie Sue Derstine 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Golden Meadow Plant Materials Center 

P.O. Box 2202 

Galliano, LA 70354 

Work phone: (504) 475-5280 

FAX: (504) 475-6545 

Research CoordinatorA3otanist. 

Projects: 

1. Primary work focuses on collection of assemblies and 

cultivation of the four species of Spartina (S. altemiflora, 

S. patens, S. spaninae, and S. cynosuroides) in the range 

from Texas to Mississippi. These assemblies are 

evaluated in field trials for a range of parameters: above 

and below ground biomass, salt tolerance, growth rates, 

vigor, etc. From these, cultivars are selected to create 

germ plasm for release. Germ plasm is available free for 

propagation for vegetative increase. One cultivar is 

currently available for distribution: Spartina altemifora 

Vermilion. 

2. Dr. Derstine is currently creating a list of guidelines 

for nursery preparation to enhance eventual success of 

transplanted propagules. 

Ms. Donna J. Devlin 

4561 John Koonce Rd. 

Lake Charles, LA 7061 1 

Work phone: (318) 475-5917 

FAX: - Estuarine ecologist. 

Projects: 

1.1989-present. Studies of a 10-year old mangrove 

creation site in SW Florida: plant survival, growth, 

reproduction, and succession. Some faunal data. 

2.1993-present. Studies on survival, growth, and 

succession in a Tampa Bay, FL created salt marsh. 

Secondary aspect evaluates the use of citizen volunteers to 

"monitor" such sites. 

3. 1990-1993. Role of the litter-grazing snail, Melampus 

coffeus L. in the decomposition of mangrove leaf litter, 

and coupling export of detrital energy to the estuary. 

Mr. William P. "Judge" Edwards 

Vermilion Corporation 

P.O. Box 27 

Abbeville, LA 7051 1 

Work phone: (318) 893-0268 

FAX: - 

Assistant Manager of Vermilion Corp. private hunting 

lands. 

Projects: 

1. Manages lands for hunting and fishing by Vermilion 

Corp. 

2. Uses transplantation of Spartina along private canals 

which have accumulated silt to stabilize soil. 

Mr. Gary Fine 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Golden Meadow Plant Materials Center 

P.O. Box 2202 

Galliano, LA 70354 

Work phone: (504) 475-5280 

FAX: (504) 475-6545 

Manager. 

Projects: (more) 
1. Manage the facility for the cultivation of the four 

species of Spartina (S. alternzpora, S. patens, S. 

spartinae, and S. cynosuroides) in the range from Texas to 

Mississippi. Germ plasm is available free for propagation 

for vegetative increase. One cultivar is currently available 

for distribution: Spartina altemijlora Vermilion. 

Mr. Sherwood Gagliano 

Coastal Environments, Inc. 

1260 Main St. 

Baton Rouge, LA 70802 

Work phone: (504) 383-7455 

FAX: (504) 383-7925 

President. 

Projects: 

Primary focus is on monitoring water use (aquatic 

resource management and multi-use programs) effects on 

riverine and coastal areas through aerial and remote 

sensing 

Mr. Thomas G. Hargis 

University of southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

300 E St. Mary Street 

Lafayette, LA 70504-2451 

Work phone: (318) 231-5248 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Graduate Researcher. 

Projects: 

Master's research at USL: Site characterization of marsh 

ecology at Lafitte (Barataria Parish) and Houma 

(Terrebonne Parish), Louisiana, measuring sulfide, 

nutrients, bulk density, and salinity. 

Mr. Richard D. Hartman 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Habitat Conservation Division 

C/O Louisiana State University 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803-7535 

Work phone: (504) 389-0508 

FAX: (504) 389-0506 

Fisheries biologist, estuarine ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Wetland creationlenhancement in fresh to saline tidal 

marshes. Survey, design, evaluate, and monitor restoration 

activities in Louisiana. 

2. Protect fisheries habitats. 

Dr. Suzanne "Sue" R. Hawes 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District 

Planning Division 

P.O. Box 60267 

New Orleans, LA 70160-0267 

Work phone: (504) 862-2518 

FAX: (504) 862-2572 

Project Manager for the Environment. 

Projects: 

Helps plan marsh creation with dredged material projects 

for the New Orleans District Corps of Engineers. 

Dr. William H. Herke 

Louisiana State University 

School of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences 

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6202 

Work phone: (504) 388-4180 

FAX: (504) 388-4227 

Assistant leader Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife 

Research Unit. 

Projects: 

1. Monitoring fisheries interactions with natural and 

managed marshes-- typically not those that are 

transplanted. 

2. Studies the life history of marine transients while using 

the marsh nursery, and the effects of water-control 

structures and levees on their use of the nursery. 

Dr. H. Dickson Hoese 

University of Southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

300 E St. Mary Street 

Lafayette, LA 70504-2451 

Work phone: (318) 231-6494 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Professor; ichthyology and wetlands biology. 

Projects: 

1. Primary work is on the ichthyology of natural marshes, 

weir structures and impoundments, 1990. Interim report: 

fisheries studies on the state wildlife refuge. 

2. Comparison of effects of water control structures on 

fisheries in the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge. 

3. Cameron-Creole watershed management fisheries study. 

Mr. John Hook 

University of Southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

Lafayette, LA 70504-245 1 

Work phone: (318) 383-1972 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Graduate researcher. 

Mr. Craig A. Johnson 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

National Wetlands Research Center 

700 Cajun Dome Blvd. 

Lafayette, LA 70506 

Work phone: (318) 266-8695 

FAX: (318) 266-8513 

@w-apher 
Mrs. Peggy M. Jones 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Habitat Conservation Division 

c/o Louisiana State University 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803-7535 

Work phone: (504) 389-0508 

FAX: (504) 389-0506 

Fisheries biologist, estuarine ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Planning and evaluation subcommittee member 

representing DOC for Coastal Planning, Protection, and 

Restoration Act, 1990-1993. 

2. Review and evaluate proposed alterations to coastal 

wetlands to protect habitat supportive of marine fishery 

resources, 1980-present. 

Dr. Mark A. Konikoff 

Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

300 E St. Mary Street 

Lafayette, LA 70504-245 1 

Work phone: (318) 231-6754 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Professor. 

Projects: 

1. Six year project on beneficial uses of dredge material 

deposition areas. Containment Area Aquaculture Program 

(CAAP) at WES. 

Mr. Ronald J. Marcantel 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Lake Charles Field Office 

1400 Highway 14 

Lake Charles, LA 70601 

Work phone: (318) 436-1483 

FAX: - District Conservationist. 

Projects: 

Coordinates regional plantings for CRD through SCS in 

Crowley for the Lake Charles Area. 

Mr. Michael Materne 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Plant Materials Center 

P.O. Box 16030, University Station 

Baton Rouge, LA 70893 

Work phone: (504) 389-0335 

FAX: - Plant Materials Specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Plant materials database for nurseries of wetland plants 

in Louisiana and the U.S. 

Dr. Linda Glenboski Mathies 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District, 

CELMN-OD-OR 

P.O. Box 60267 

New Orleans, LA 701 15-0267 

Work phone: (504) 862-2318 

FAX: (504) 862-2317 

Environmental Resources Specialist 

Projects: 

1. Mississippi River; Gulf Outlet, LA, marsh creation 

using dredged material. 

2. Mississippi River; Baton Rouge to Gulf of Mexico, 

LA, marsh creation using dredged material (1974). 

3. Houma Navigation Canal, LA, marsh restoration using 

dredged material (1990). 

4. Calcasieu River and Pass, LA, marsh restoration using 

dredged material (1993). 

Mr. Larry McNease 

Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge 

Louisiana Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries 

Rt. 1, BOX 20-B 

Grande Chenier, LA 70643 

Work phone: (318) 538-2276 

FAX: - 

Biologist. 

Projects: 

Study of the vegetation associated with structural coastal 

marsh management. 

Mr. Donald E. Menard 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Abbeville Field Office 

P.O. Box 68 

Abbeville, LA 705 1 1-0068 

Work phone: (318) 893-5664 

FAX: - District Conservationist. 

Projects: 

Coordinates plantings for Louisiana's Department of 

Natural Resources, Coastal Restoration Division, in the 

Abbeville area. 

Dr. Irving A. Mendelssohn 

Louisiana State University 

Wetland Biogeochemishy Institute, and Dept. of 

Oceanography and Coastal Sciences 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803 

Work phone: (504) 388-6425 

FAX: (504) 388-6423 

University researcher and professor. 

Projects: 

1. Research involves the understanding of causes 

underlying wetland loss in Louisiana. Primarily 

subsidence loss with factors influencing heterogeneous 

vigor deterioration using natural gradients and monitoring 

and experimental manipulations of factors (elevation, 

salinities, etc.) 

2. Past studies on transplanting. 
Mr. Jeff Murphy 

Blacklake Marsh, Inc. 

1200 Paris Street 

Lake Charles, LA 70605 

Work phone: (318) 762-4242 

FAX: Call ahead to FAX. 

Ownerlpresident; fresh, brackish and salt marsh 

restorations, grows and installs. 

Projects: 

1. Grows and supplies Spartina altemijlora, smooth 

cordgrass, S. patens, marsh hay cordgrass, Scirpus 

californicus and many more species. Can provide single 

stems or multi-stem trade-gallons in large quantities. 

2. Planted terraces in Sabine National Wildlife Refuge 

with Spartina alternijlora (Vermillion strain). Tradegallons were used on 5-ft centers on one side; later, single 

stems were planted on the opposite side for comparison. 

Great success, and the sides are indistinguishable. 

3. Wave bamer wooden fencing (2300 ft) was used at the 

Brannan Ditch project to break waves and flood water 

currents impacting the south side of the ICWW. Single 

stems of Spartina altemijlora were planted shoreward of 

the fence, and rapidly became established. They acted as a 

sediment trap in combination with the fence. 

Mr. Michael D. Nichols 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Water Resources Planning Staff 

3737 Government Street 

Alexandria, LA 71302 

Work phone: (318) 473-7688 

FAX: (31 8) 473-7771 

Wildlife biologist. 

Projects: 

1. Planning of coastal restoration and protection projects 

connected with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection 

and Restoration Act. 

2. Watershed and river basin planning in the coastal zone 

of Louisiana. 

3. Assisting district offices of the USDA Soil 

Conservation Service with revegetation efforts throughout 

coastal Louisiana. 

Mr. Will Nidecker 

Sabine National Wildlife Refuge 

Hwy. 27 South 

300 Main Street 

Hackberry, LA 70645 

Work phone: (318) 762-3816 

FAX: (318) 762-3780 

Refuge Manager. 

Projects: 

Spartina altemijlora transplanting and establishment 

within the refuge. Project A: Mitigation wave break 

levees in Units 6 & 7. Project B: terracing near Old Hog 

Bayou. 

Mr. Kenneth E. Owen 

University of New Orleans 

Earl K. Long Library 

New Orleans, LA 70146 

Work phone: (504) 286-7275 

FAX: (504) 286-7277 

Librarian. 

Projects: 

Head of the Louisiana Collection, an extensive set of 

references about Louisiana, including many about 

wetlands. 

Mr. W. Guthrie Perry 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 

Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge 

Rt. 1, BOX 20-B 

Grande Chenier, LA 70643 

Work phone: (318) 538-2276 

FAX: - 

Biologist. 

Projects: 

Study of the aquatic organisms associated with structural 

coastal marsh management. 

Dr. S. R. Pezeshki 

Louisiana State University 

Center for Coastal Energy and Environmental Resources 

Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803-75 11 

Work phone: (504) 388-6430 

FAX: (504) 388-6423 

Associate Professor of Wetland Resources; plant 

ecophysiologist. more. .. Projects: 

1. Physiological responses of wetland plants to flood and 

salt stresses: soil - plant interactions. Work with R.D. 

De Laune and W.H. Patrick, 1993. 

2. Wetland soil development. Work with R.D. De Laune 

and W.H. Patrick, 1988-1993. 

3. Field studies of beach cones as coastal erosion reversal 

devices for areas with significant oil and gas activities. 

Work with R.D. De Laune, 1992-1994. 

Dr. Edward Proffitt 

Louisiana Environmental Research Center 

McNeese State University 

P.O. Box 90655 

Lake Charles, LA 70609-0655 

Work phone: (318) 475-5917 

FAX: (318) 475-5122 

Director of the Research Center; Associate Professor; 

mangrove and salt marsh ecology 

Projects: 

1.1988-present. Studies of a 10-year old mangrove 

creation site in SW Florida: plant survival, growth, 

reproduction, and succession. Some faunal data.(more) 
2. 1993-present. Studies on survival, growth, and 

succession in a Tampa Bay, FL created salt marsh. 

Secondary aspect evaluates the use of citizen volunteers to 

"monitor" such sites. 

3. 1990-1993. Role of the litter-grazing snail, Melampus 

coffeus L. in the decomposition of mangrove leaf litter, 

and coupling export of detrital energy to the estuary. 

Ms. Patricia S. Rafferty 

University of Southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

300 E St. Mary Street 

Lafayette, LA 70504-245 1 

Work phone: (318) 231-5248 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Graduate Researcher. 

Projects: 

1. Doctoral research focuses on interaction between 

rhizosphere and sediment as it affects nitrogen cycling 

(&nitrification rates) at Otter Bayou (with USFWS) and 

Fourleague Bay (Sea Grant project), 1993. 

Dr. Elijah W. Ramsey 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

National Wetland Research Center 

700 Cajun Dome Blvd. 

Lafayette, LA 70506 

Work phone: (318) 266-8575 

FAX: (318) 266-8513 

Oceanographer. 

Mr. John E. Reddoch 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District 

Operations & Readiness Div., Regulatory Functions Br. 

P.O. Box 60267 

New Orleans, LA 70160-0267 

Work phone: (504) 862-2277 

FAX: (504) 862-2289 

Environmental Resource Specialist. 

Mr. Bryan J. Reed 

The Wetlands Foundation 

3841 Veterans Blvd., Suite 201 

Metairie, LA 70002 

Work phone: (504) 888-9944 

FAX: (504) 888-9976 

Executive Director. 

Dr. Denise Janet Reed 

Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium 

Marine Research and Education Center 

Chauvin, LA 70344 

Work phone: (504) 851-2800 

FAX: (504) 851-2874 

Associate Professor; Salt marshes, tidal flows and 

sediment dynamics. 

Projects: 

1. Tidal flows in salt marshes, and their roles in sediment 

transport and accretion in the marshes. 

2. Understanding interactions between biological 

communities and depositional processes in coastal 

marshes. 

Mr. Rickey N. Reubsamen 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Habitat Conservation Division 

c/o Louisiana State University 

Baton Rouge, LA 70803-7535 

Work phone: (504) 389-0508 

FAX: (504) 389-0506 

Branch Chief; Fisheries biology and estuarine ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Wetland creation/enhancement in fresh to saline tidal 

marshes. Five projects designed and funded for 

construction in coastal Louisiana under the Coastal 

Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act. 1990- 

1993. 

2. Seagrass meadow creation (Halodule) in Laguna Madre, 

Texas, 1985. 

3. Wetland creation (S. alternifiora) at Lake Como, 

Galveston, Texas, 1984. 

4. Estuarine brackish marsh enhancement for the Nueces 

River delta, Texas, 1983. 

Mr. Mark Schleifstein 

The Times-Picayune 

3800 Howard Ave. 

New Orleans, LA 70140-1097 

Work phone: (504) 826-3327 

FAX: (504) 826-3007 

Reporter. 

Reports on environmental issues and projects such as 

marsh loss and marsh restoration in Louisiana and the 

north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mr. Chris Simon 

Louisiana Depamnent of Natural Resources 

Coastal Restoration Division 

200 Lafayette Street 

Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9396 

Work phone: (504) 342-7308 

FAX: (504) 342-9417 

Geoscience Specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Sabie terraces for Spartina altenziflora marsh creation 

and wave reduction. 

2. Falgout canaVlevee grass planting. 

Ms. Ruth Spell 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

National Wetland Research Center 

700 Cajun Dome Blvd. 

Lafayette, LA 70506 
Work phone: (318) 266-8571 

FAX: (318) 266-8513 

Geographer. 

Mr. Gregory Dean Steyer 

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources 

Coastal Restoration Division 

200 Lafayette St., P.O. Box 94396 

Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9417 

Work phone: (504) 342-9435 

FAX: (504) 342-9417 

Biological Program Manager. 

Projects: 

Directs the CRD, and initiates many coastal projects to 

protect and restore wetlands--both fresh and salt water. 

Many projects are listed in "Recommended three year 

coastal wetland vegetation program". 

Ms. Faye A. Talbot 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Crowley Area Office 

P.O. Drawer 387 

Crowley, LA 70527 

Work phone: (318) 783-1257 

FAX: (318) 783-5608 

Resource Conservationist. 

Projects: 

1. Collects reports from state soil and water conservation 

districts, and compiles information for the Coastal 

Restoration Division of the Dept. Natural Resources as a 

yearly report. 

2. Functions as a liaison between CRD and SCS on 

vegetation projects. 

3. Serves as water resources staff leader at the Area 111 3 

level (coastal marshes) for the Ponchartain, Breton Sound, 

Barataria, Mississippi River, Terrebonne and 

TechNermilion Basin. Responsible for development of 

plans and projects for the SCS in these basins. 

Mr. Michael D. Tullos 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Houma Field Office 

Box 1266 

Houma, LA 10361 

Work phone: (504) 872-5609 

FAX: - District Con~ervationist. 

Projects: 

1. Provide technical assistance for Terrebonne Parish in 

identifying potential rehabilitation projects. 

Dr. Robert R. Twilley 

University of Southwestern Louisiana 

Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 42451 USL 

300 E St. Mary Street 

Lafayette, LA 70504-245 1 

Work phone: (318) 231-6146 

FAX: (318) 231-5834 

Professor. 

Projects: 

1992. An ecological analysis of marsh management in 

coastal Louisiana: Processes related to the fertility of 

marsh ecosystems. 

Mr. Stewart I. Fefer 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Gulf of Maine Coastal & Estuary Project 

312 Canco Road 

Portland, ME 04103 

Work phone: (207) 828-1080 

FAX: (207) 828-4001 

Restoration of tidal flow to salt marshes in northern New 

England. 

Projects: 

1. Awcornin Marsh at Rye, NH, 1993. 20 acres of 

Spartina marsh were restored by excavation of channels for 

inundation. 

2. Marsh at Stratham, NH, 1993-94. 12 acres of marsh 

were restored through placement of large culverts to 

enhance tidal flow. 

3. Lewis Lake at Winthrop, MA, 1993-94. 8 acres 

enhanced by restored tidal flows. 

4. Hatches Harbor site at Provincetown, MA. 200 acres 

of salt marsh restored through placement of culverts to 

allow tidal inundations. 

Maryland 

Ms. Candy C. Bartoldus 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

P.O. Box P, 210 West Chew Ave 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 

Senior Associate. Wetland evaluation procedures. 

Projects: 

Senior author of Evaluation for Planned Wetlands. 

Mr. Robert Blama 

U.S. hy Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District 

Operations Division, Navigation Branch 

P.O. Box 1715 

Baltimore, MD 21203 (more) 

Work phone: (410) 962-3663 

FAX: (410) 962-6039 
Ecologist/Project Manager. Habitat creation and beneficial 

use of dredged material. (more) 

Projects: 

1. Barren Island, MD. 1987-88. About 10 acres of 

Spartina alternijlora and S. patens marsh were created. 

2. Eastern Neck Wildlife Refuge. 1993.5 acres of 

Spartina alternijlora and S. patens marsh were created. 

Dr. Donald F. Boesch 

University of Maryland, Horn Point Lab 

Center for Estuarine and Environmental Study 

P.O. Box 775 

Cambridge, MD 21613 

Work phone: (301) 228-9250 

FAX: - Director; biology-ecology, wetlands, community 

ecosystems, resource management 

Projects: 

Can direct you to the source. 

Ms. Dawn Renee Briggs 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

P.O. Box P, 210 West Chew Ave 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 

Associate Wetland Designer. Landscape architecture and 

ecological design. 

Projects: 

Research and design of various wetland types, including 

shoreline restorations with Spartina alterniflora and S. 

patens. 

Mr. Carlo R. Brunori 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

Forest, Park and Wildlife Service 

Tawes State Office Building, E-1 

580 Taylor Avenue 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Work phone: (410) 974-3195 

FAX: Chief, Technical Services; Water quality 

assessment, and wetland planning and design for 

preservation of wildlife habitat. 

Projects: 

1. Involved with water quality assessments and 

management in South, Gunpowder, Lower Susquehanna 

and Bush rivers in Maryland. 

2. Develops water quality plans for river basins, including 

wetland creation or modification for wildlife enhancement. 

3. Interagency coordination for water quality issues. 

Dr. Leon M. Cammen 

NOAAINational Sea Grant College Program 

Marine Ecology 

R/OR1,133 East-West Highway 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Work phone: (301) 427-2435 

FAX: (301) 427-2799 

Associate Program Director for Environmental Studies. 

Projects: 

Program manager for Coastal Ocean Program's Estuarine 

Habitat Program. 

Ms. Mary Ellen Dore 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

580 Taylor Ave. B-3 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Work phone: (410) 974-2784 

FAX: (410) 974-2833 

Manager, Chesapeake Natural Estuarine Research Reserve. 

Resource management, environmental policy, and 

ecology. 

Mr. H. Glenn Earhart 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District 

P.O. Box 1715 

Baltimore, MD 21203 

Work phone: (302) 962-3369 

FAX: (301) 962-3966 

Environmental Program ManagedBiologist. Habitat 

development and hazardous/toxic waste management. 

Projects: 

N/A 

Dr. R. Michael Erwin 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 

Laurel, MD 20708 

Work phone: 301-498-0380 

FAX: 301-498-0438 

Projects: 

1. Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, Eastern Shore of VA, 

Southern New Jersey, and Outer Banks, NC. 

Mr. Thomas Filip 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Baltimore District - Regulatory Branch 

P.O. Box 1715 

Baltimore, MD 21203-1715 

Work phone: (410) 962-3670 

FAX: (410) 962-6024 

Asst. Chief of Regulatory; wetlands chemist 

Projects: 

1. 119th Street march creation in Ocean City, MD. 

2. Isle of Wright Bay Spartina alternljlora marsh 

establishment; very successful. 

3. Other more recent plantings in the area. 

Dr. Edgar W. Garbisch 

Environmental Concern Inc. 

P.O. Box P 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 (more) 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 
President; environmental consulting; marsh restoration 

and creation. (more) 

Projects: 

1. Spartina altemij7ora and S. patens have been used in 

203 shore restoration and marsh construction for bank 

erosion control projects during the period of 1972-1992. 

2. Spartina altern$ora and S. patens have been used in 13 

beneficial uses of dredged material projects, 15 regulatory 

restoration projects, 2 voluntary restoration projects, 63 

wetland mitigation projects, and 10 experimental wetland 

construction projects from 1972-1992. 

3. Designed and created or restored 43 freshwater marshes 

of various types. 

Mr. Tim Goodger 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Habitat and Protected Resources Div., NE Region 

Oxford Field Office 

904 South Moms Street 

Oxford, MD 21654 

Work phone: (410) 226-5771 

FAX: (410) 226-5417 

Assistant coordinator, resource management and estuarine 

ecology. 

Projects: 

Habitat protection; coastal marshes for fisheries and 

fisheries related populations. 

Dr. Michael S. Kearney 

University of Maryland 

Dept. of Geography 

College Park, MD 20742 

Work phone: (301) 405-4057 

FAX: (301) 314-9299 

Associate Professor. 

Projects: 

1. Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, Mississippi Delta, VA 

Barrier Islands, Assategue Island, Fire Island, NY 

Mr. Christopher P. Kilgore, ASLA 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

P.O. Box P, 210 West Chew Ave 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 

Senior Associate; Wetland evaluation, design and 

delineation. 

Projects: 

1. Assisted in the design and construction of 15 projects 

using Spaltina altern$ora for shoreline protection 

primarily in the Chesapeake Bay area. 

2. Assisted with the design and construction of a tidal 

estuarine marsh using Spartina alternij7ora. 

3. Assisted with the design and construction of four 

freshwater marsh projects. 

Dr. Mark L. Kraus 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

P.O. Box P, 210 West Chew Ave 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 

Senior Associate, Director of Education. Wetland 

evaluation, design and delineation. 

Projects: 

1. Designed and constructed 11 tidal estuarine marshes 

where Spartina altern$ora was the major species planted. 

Creation and restoration projects were primarily in the 

Chesapeake Bay area. 

2. Assisted with the design and construction of 11 

freshwater marsh projects. 

Mr. Donald Robert MacLean 

University of Maryland, College Park Campus, Natural 

Resources Management and Water Resources Engineering. 

9023 Queen Maria Court 

Columbia, MD 21045 

Work phone: (410) 997-3513 

FAX: - 

Consulting Ecologist and Teaching Assistant. Wetland 

mitigation, restoration, botany and delineation. 

Projects: 

1. C&F Realty Marsh Restoration Project, May '91. 

2. Amerada Hess Wetland Mitigation Project, Jan '91. 

3. Fort Meade Wetland Mitigation Project, Aug '90. 

4. Charles County Wetland Mitigation Project, Aug '90. 

Ms. Tamara L. McCandless 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Chesapeake Bay Program, 

Living Resources Branch 

180 Admiral Cochrane Dr., Suite 535 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Work phone: (410) 224-2732 

FAX: (410) 224-2781 

Habitat restoration and protection specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Develop wetlandlriparian and stream restoration 

program. 

2. 1993. Marsh protection and restoration project using 

brush-fencing technique at Blackwater National Wildlife 

Refuge. 

Dr. Robert W. Paul 

St. Mary's College of Maryland 

Division of Natural Science and Math 

St. Mary's City, MD 20686 

Work phone: (301) 862-0362 . 

FAX: (301) 862-0999 

Professor; ecology of salt marshes. 

Projects: 
1. Ecological base line studies on Chesapeake Bay 

saltmarshes, gastropods. (more> 

2. Consulting for the Navy on environmental 

contamination issues; hazardous waste. 

Mr. Marc Seelinger 

Environmental Concern, Inc. 

P.O. Box P, 210 West Chew Ave 

St. Michaels, MD 21663 

Work phone: (410) 745-9620 

FAX: (410) 745-3517 

Senior Associate; Wetland design and construction. 

Projects: 

1. Assisted in the design and construction of a tidal 

estuarine marsh where Spartina alternifora was the m 

species planted. 

2. Assisted with the design and construction of 5 

freshwater marsh projects. 

Dr. J. Court Stevenson 

University of Maryland, Horn Point Laboratory 

Center for Estuarine and Environmental Study 

Cambridge, MD 21613-0775 

Work phone: (301) 228-8200 

FAX: (301) 476-5490 

Professor, researcher; wetlands. 

Mr. Charles Uterrnohle 

Whim Requardt 

2315 St. Paul Street 

Baltimore, MD 21218 

Work phone: (410) 235-3450 Ext.206 

FAX: (410) 243-5716 

Massachusetts 

Mr. Richard Albano 

Sanford Ecological Services 

30 Turnpike Road 

Southborough, MA 01772 

Work phone: (508) 460-9900 

FAX: (508) 481-2009 

Wetlands ecologist. 

Projects: 

Consulting for wetlands mitigation. 

Mr. Thomas E. Bigford 

National Marine Fisheries Service, NE Region, 

Habitat and Protected Resources Div. 

One Blackburn Drive 

Gloucester, MA 01930-2298 

Work phone: (508) 281-9300 

FAX: (508) 281-9301 

Division Chief. 

Habitat protection for fisheries populations. 

Dr. Burton Bryan 

The BSC Group 

425 Summer Street 

Boston, MA 02210 

Work phone: (617) 345-4025 

FAX: (617) 345-8008 

Senior Biologist; wetlands and water quality impacts 

Projects: 

Central ArteryITunnel project in Boston harbor, planning 

for marsh restoration to compensate for project impacts. 

Dr. Lars H. Carlson 

ajor Sverdrup Corporation 

2 Center Plaza 

Boston, MA 02108-1906 

Work phone: (617) 742-8060 

FAX: (617) 742-8830 

Environmental Scientist; consulting on wetlands and 

environmental permitting. 

Projects: 

1. Restoration design of a Spartina marsh for mitigation 

of impacts resulting from construction of a new MBTA 

railroad bridge between Boston and Quiicy, MA. 

Dr. Jerome B. Carr 

Carr Research Laboratory, Inc. 

17 Waban Street 

Wellesley, MA 02181 

Work phone: (508) 651-7027 

FAX: (508) 651-7028 

Environmental research and consulting; hydrology and 

wetland ecology. 

Projects: 

Freshwater wetlands analyzed and restored. 

Ms. Cheryl C. Deshaies 

Lelito Environmental Consultants 

100 Corporate Place, Suite 103 

Peabody, MA 01960 

Work phone: (508) 535-7861 

FAX: (508) 535-0073 

Restoration biologist; wildlife management, freshwater 

and coastal wetland restorations. 

Projects: 

1. Phragmites eradication and Spartina restoration at Post 

Island Marsh in Quincy, Massachusetts. 

2. Restoration of a filled Spartina marsh on Sea Pit Road, 

Falmouth, MA. 

3. Sand dune restoration at Sippewissett Hills in 

Falmouth, MA: replacement of sand by grain size and 

color, and revegetation with dune grass. 

4. Analysis of the direct and indirect effects of a rod and 

gun club on the plants and the wildlife in a salt marsh in 

Martha's Vineyard. 
Mr. Daniel L. Falcone 

OHM Corporation 

88-C Elm Street 

Hopkinton, MA 01748 

Work phone: (508) 435-9561 

FAX: - 

Dredging. 

Projects: 

Mr. George Gavutis 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Northeast, Region 5 

Refuges and Wildlife Program 

300 Westgate Center Drive 

Hadley, MA 01034-9589 

Work phone: (413) 253-8574 

FAX: - 

Ms. Wendi Goldsmith 

Bestmann Green Systems, Inc. 

7 Mall Street 

Salem, MA 01970 

Work phone: (508) 741-1166 

FAX: (508)741-3780 

Bioengineer; erosion and water quality control through 

restoration of vegetation. 

Projects: 

1. Nursery facility supplies plants grown in biodegradable 

coconut fiber mauix for erosion protection. Various 

fresh, brackish, and salt species are available as single-and 

multi-stemmed plugs as well as sods which tolerate 

considerable wave impact and other stress. 

2. Restoration of a Spartina alternijlora marsh that was 

impacted by barge wakes at Fresh Kills landfill, New 

York. 

3. Restoration and enhancement of high and low marshes 

on tidal systems and bay frontage on private lots, public 

lands, and demonstration projects from New York to 

Maine. 

Dr. William B. Kerfoot 

KV Associates, Inc. 

281 Main Street 

Falmouth, MA 02540 

Work phone: (508) 540-0561 

FAX: (508) 457-9053 

President; Biology, hydrology and geohydrology. 

Projects: 

1. Reverse layering, an alternative approach to dredging 

for Lake Ana coastal restoration, 1988-1991. 

Demonstration project. 

2. Red Lily Pond diagnostic and feasibility study. 

3. Subsidence dredging at Green Pond, 1991-present. 

Mr. Paul R. Lelito 

Lelito Environmental Consultants 

P.O. Box 1525 

North Falmouth, MA 02556 

Work phone: (508) 564-5606 

FAX: (508) 563-7669 

President; biologist, consulting, wetlands restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Phragmites eradication and Spartina restoration at Post 

Island Marsh in Quincy, Massachusetts. 

2. Restoration of a filled Spartina marsh on Sea Pit Road, 

Falmouth, MA. 

3. Sand dune restoration at Sippewissett Hills in 

Falmouth, MA: replacement of sand by grain size and 

color, and revegetation with dune grass. 

4. Analysis of the direct and indirect effects of a rod and 

gun club on the plants and the wildlife in a salt marsh in 

Martha's Vineyard. 

Mr. Lee D. Lyman 

Lycott Environmental Research, Inc. 

600 Charlton Street 

Southbridge, MA 01550 

Work phone: (508) 765-0101, 1-800-462- 

8211 

FAX: (508) 765-1352 

President; environmental assessments and restorations. 

Projects: 

1. Musquashicut Lake; Scituate, MA 

2. Environmental analysis of several coastal ponds of 

Rhode Island. 

Mr. Christopher Mantzaris 

National Marine Fisheries Service, NE Region 

Habitat and Protected Resources Div. 

One Blackburn Drive 

Gloucester, MA 01930-2298 

Work phone: (508) 281-9346 

FAX: (508) 281-9301 

Habitat Program coordinator for the NE; Wetlands ecology 

and fisheries biology. 

Projects: 

1. Tracks various coastal habitat restoration/creation 

projects in the NE. 

2. Evaluates permits to protect critical marine and 

estuarine habitat for fisheries organisms. 

3. Placement of shell in Long Island Sound to restore 

oyster beds. 

4. Restoration of 13+ acres of combined habitats 

(mudflats with tidal creeks, Spartina alternzjZora marsh, 

and salt pans) in Revere, MA. 

Mr. Michael J. Marcus 

New England Environmental, Inc. 

800 Main Street 

Amherst, MA 01002 

Work phone: (413) 256-0202 

FAX: (413) 256-1092 

Senior Biologist; consulting. 
Mr. David Martin 

Wm. M. Warwick and Associates Inc. 

P.O. Box 801,213 Old Main Road 

North Falmouth, MA 02556 

Work phone: (508) 563-7777 

FAX: - 

Civil Engineer; coastal and wetland issues. 

Projects: 

1. Inspection of docks and other coastal structures for 

meeting engineering codes for permits. 

2. Bank stabilization projects. Rip-rap was used to 

stabilize the bank, and the shore-side was filled to desired 

height and planted with Spartina for biological 

stabilization of the shore. This was done for three adjacent 

properties in West Falmouth, Massachusetts. The adjacent 

marsh, used for access, was also planted to restore it where 

it had been damaged. 

Mr. Dan McHugh 

Great Meadow Farms 

Sawyer Island 

Rowley, MA 01969 

Work phone: - 

FAX: - 

Projects: 

1. Creation of a 20-acre Spartina alteniflora salt marsh 

from a dredge material deposition area - the Awconim 

Marsh Restoration project in New Hampshire. 

Dr. Norton H. Nickerson 

Tufts University 

Department of Biology 

Medford, MA 02155 

Work phone: (617) 627-3544 

FAX: (617)627-3805 

Professor; research and teaching about inland and coastal 

wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Creation of salt marsh along the Neponset River near 

the new railroad bridge; between Boston and Quincy, MA. 

2. Study of sulfide relationships to habitat in Spartina 

alternijZora in Cape Cod marshes. 

3. Study of habitat differences in sulfide concentrations on 

habitat and successional patterns of the red mangrove 

(Rhizophora mangle) and the black mangrove (Avicennia 

germinans) in the Florida Everglades, the Bahamas, and 

Belize. 

Dr. Douglas S. Sparrow 

Louis Berger & Associates, Inc. 

303 Bear Hill Road 

Waltham, MA 02154 

Work phone: (617) 890-8999 

FAX: (617) 890-7959 

Manager, wetlands specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Tidal marsh enhancement in Stonington, CT, 1992- 

present. Feasibility of expanding Spartina growth is a 

sub component in a tidal cove restoration project. 

Ms. Susan Taylor 

OHM Corporation 

88-C Elm Street 

Hopkinton, MA 01748 

Work phone: (508) 435-9561 

FAX: - 

Dredging. 

Dr. John M. Teal 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute 

Biology 

Water Street 

Woods Hole, MA 02543 

Work phone: (508) 457-2090 

FAX: (508) 457-2169 

Researcher; biologist and ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Long-term ecological studies of the Great Sippewissett 

Salt Marsh (GSSM), Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. 

2. Nitrogen cycling in GSSM. 

3. Long-term pollution effects in GSSM. 

4. Natural and artificial marsh restoration consulting in 

Los Angeles delta (CA), Delaware Bay (NJ), Copper River 

delta (AK), and Indian River a). 

Mr. Hollis H. Allen 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station 

3909 Halls Ferry Road 

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 

Work phone: (601) 634-3845 

FAX: (601) 634-4016 

Wetlands engineer; restores wetlands and uses bioengineering to control erosion. 

Projects: 

Numerous freshwater, brackish and salt water marsh 

creation and bank stabilization projects. 

Mr. Ellis J. Clairain, Jr. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station, Wetlands Ecology Group 

3909 Halls Ferry Road 

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 

Work phone: (601) 634-3774 

FAX: (601) 634-4016 

Wetlands biologist. 

Projects: 

Development of wetland evaluation techniques. 
Dr. Douglas G. Clarke 

US Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental 

Laboratory 

3909 Halls Ferry Road 

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 

Work phone: (601) 634-3770 

FAX: (601) 634-4016 

Oceanographer. 

Projects: 

1. Principal investigator of Corps WRP research area on 

coastal intertidal wetlands. 

Site A - Winyah Bay, S. Carolina. Spartina marsh 

naturally established (not transplanted) on dredged material 

from maintenance dredging projects. Cooperative study of 

fauna and flora in various age zones in the established 

marsh. Participants include the Univ. of N. Carolina at 

Wilmington and the Univ. of S. Carolina Belle Baruch 

Marine Institute. 

Site B - Pelican Spit, Galveston Bay, Texas. Transplanted 

marsh on dredged material derived from maintenance 

dredging of intra-coastal waterway. Cooperative project 

with National Marine Fisheries Service Galveston 

Labomtory (Tom Minello). 

Mr. Gary J. Cuevas 

Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks 

Bureau of Marine Resources 

2620 Beach Blvd. 

Biloxi, MS 39531 

Work phone: (601) 385-5884 

FAX: (601) 385-5864 

Marine Program Manager. 

Projects: 

1. Marsh site at Pass Christian on Menge Avenue, a 

small mitigation project. 

Dr. Lionel Eleuterius 

Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 

P.O. Box 7000 

Ocean Springs, MS 39564 

Work phone: (601) 872-4200 

FAX: (601) 872-4204 

Dr. Mary C. Landin 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental 

Laboratory 

3909 Halls Ferry Road 

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 

Work phone: (601) 634-2942, (800) 522- 

6937 ext. 2942 

FAX: (601) 634-4016 

Research Biologist. 

Projects: 

1. Designs, conducts and coordinates many wetland 

restoration and creation projects involving the use of 

Spartina alternijlora on dredged material placement sites 

(for the past 20 years) and mitigation projects. 

2. Manages COE nation-wide wetlands restoration, 

protection and establishment research program. 

3. Is a member of the National Academy of Sciences 

committee on the role of technology in Coastal Habitat 

Restoration and Protection. Producing a final book in the 

summer, 1993. 

4. Manages the monitoring program where Spartina 

alternijlora was used for coastal restoration/creation, sites 

include: 1) Buttermilk Sound, GA; 2) Apalachicola Bay, 

FL; 3) Gaillard Island, AL; 4) Bolivar Peninsula, TX; 5) 

several sites in Chesapeake Bay, MD & VA, 6) Winyah 

Bay, SC (natural colonization by S.U.); 7) several sites in 

LA & MS; 8) several sites in Tampa Bay, FL. 

5. Two EPA-funded restoration studies along the Gulf of 

Mexico; mostly using Spartina alternijlora. 

Dr. Mark W. LaSalle 

Mississippi State University 

Coastal Research and Extension Center 

2710 Beach Blvd., Suite 1-E 

Biloxi, MS 39531 

Work phone: (601) 388-4710 

FAX: (601) 388-1375 

Marine Resource Specialist, Mississippi Sea Grant Office. 

Projects: 

1. Evaluating transplanted marshes in Mississippi (some 

Spartina but mostly Juncus). 

2. With COE - coastal wetland management protocol 

techniques for evaluating relative functional level of marsh 

- 1 year to completion. 

3. Evaluation of different wetland type functions - preliminary work. 

4. Evaluating thin layer disposal of dredge materials in 

marshes as a soil accretion mitigation tool. 

Mr. John H. Lowe 

Chevron USA Products 

Pascagoula Refinery 

P.O. Box 1300 

Pascagoula, MS 39568-1300 

Work phone: (601) 938-4600 

(601) 938-4363 

FAX: (601) 938-4230 

Environmental Specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Graded-down 35 acres of pine plantation into 25 acres 

of Juncus/Spartina alternijlora marsh; 1985. 

2. Seeking permit for creation of a 1.4 acre Spartina 

alternijlora marsh; mitigation coupled to a water 

divergence plan; 1993. 
Dr. L. Jean O'Neil 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station, Stewardship Branch 

CEWESEN-S 

3909 Halls Ferry Road 

Vicksburg, MS 39180 

Work phone: (601) 634-3641 

FAX: - 

Mr. Michael R. Waring 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station 

P.O. Box 631 

Vicksburg, MS 39180 

Work phone: (601) 634-2290 

FAX: - Biologist; Environmental laboratory. 

Projects: 

1. Whooping crane habitat characterization, Aransas 

National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. 

New Ham~shire 

Ms. Sarah D. Allen 

Nonnandeau Associates, Inc. 

25 Nashua Road 

Bedford, NH 03110 

Work phone: (603) 472-5191 

FAX: (603) 472-7052 

Wetland ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. A manual for monitoring mitigation and restoration 

projects of New Hampshire's salt marshes; 1992. Includes 

sampling methods, data collection forms and assessment 

criteria, plus extensive background and literature on local 

functions and technical considerations. 

Dr. Alan Phelps Ammann 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

New Hampshire State Ofice 

Federal Building 

Durham, NH 03824 

Work phone: (603) 868-7581 

FAX: (603) 868-5301 

Biologist; wetlands, water quality and wildlife habitat 

responsibilities. 

Projects: 

Rye Harbor. 1992. Restored a portion of salt marsh 

formerly used as harbor dredge material deposition site. 

This project breached the dike to allow saltwater access to 

the interior. Spartina patens is becoming established in 

the high marsh area, and the borders of the canals are 

supporting small stands of Spartina alternifora, as are 

presently growing around the dike perimeter. Phragrnites 

should be reduced as saltwater infiltrates. 

Dr. David M. Burdick 

University of New Hampshire 

Dept. of Natural Resources 

Jackson Estuarine Laboratory 

85 Adam Point Road, R.F.D. 

Durham, NH 03824-3406 

Work phone: (603) 862-2175 

FAX: (603) 862-1101 

Research1 coastal plant ecology, landscape ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Halophyte Biology Lab saltmarsh, 3/90. 

2. Awcomin Restoration, 4/92 

3. Portsmouth Port Expansion, N. Mill Pond, proposed 

for 6/93. 

Mr. Peter S. Helm 

New Hampshire, Office of State Planning, 

Coastal Program 

2-1/2 Beacon Street 

Concord, NH 03301 

Work phone: (603) 271-2155 

FAX: (603) 271-1728 

Director of Coastal Program; management, wetland 

restoration planning. 

Projects: 

1. Overseeing coastal restoration activities for the state of 

New Hampshire. 

2. Managing the efforts to restore a 35-acre dredged 

material deposition site to a Spartina alternifora salt 

marsh -- the Awcomin Marsh Restoration Project. 

3. Project management of a 15-acre saltmarsh restoration 

of a former dredged material disposal site along the NM 

seacoast. Material removal and channel excavation is 

required; extensive monitoring is also part of the project. 

4. Stuart Farm Marsh Restoration project, 1993. 

Installing of large box culverts will reintroduce tidal 

exchange to a 10-acre area; project will be monitored for 

marsh development. 

New Jersev 

Dr. James F. De Bouno, Ph.D. 

James De Bouno & Associates, Inc. 

Environmental Engineering 

P.O. Box 265,28 Teabury Court 

Marlton, NJ 08053 

Work phone: (609) 985-0455 

FAX: (609) 228-781 1 

Environmental ScientistIEngineer; wetlands, wildlife, and 

plant studies. 

projects: more.. . 1. Inland Project, California Villa wetland restoration in 

North Hanover, Burlington County, NJ, 1992. 

Rechannelization of stream, restored grades and wetlands 
in a small unnamed stream off the North Run River to 

help remedy the problem of unauthorized disturbance. 

(more) 

2. Birch Tree Developers restoration; Bergen County, NJ, 

1991. Channel bank restoration by fill removal, grading, 

and replanting wetland. 

Mr. Oliver T. Edstrom 

Associated Environmental Applications 

901 Clarks Landing Road 

Egg Harbor City, NJ 08215 

Work phone: (609) 965-4034 

FAX: (call work phone to access FAX) 

Consultant; wetlands, enhancement, bank protection, 

restoration of coastal marshes. 

Projects: 

1. Several projects involving the planting of Spartina 

alterniJTora in coastal areas. 

-60 acres of coastal wetlands in New Jersey. 

-3.5 acres: intercepting lot, dredgeldisposal ma. 

-5.5 acres: commercial lot. 

-1.5 acres: Ferry Terminal enlargement. 

-7 acres: high school area. 

2. Restoration after construction projects 

-projects involved a variety of restoration plans including 

sites with intercepting pipelines and roadways, aqueduct 

installations, and force mains. 

Mr. James M. Eisenhardt 

Joseph L. Lomax and Associates, Inc. 

P.O. Box 9 

Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 

Work phone: (609) 465-9857 

FAX: (609) 465-2449 

Vice-president; wetlands biologist, delineation, design, 

mitigation restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Mitigation project where 3-4 acres of coastal land was 

restored back to tidal marsh from higher elevations that 

had been taken over by Phragmites. 

2. Several projects where 3-10 acre areas of uplands were 

converted to tidal marsh, with successful establishment of 

Spartina. 

3. Many projects restoring freshwater wetlands. 

Mr. Donald W. Hamer 

U.S . Soil Conservation Service 

Cape May Plant Materials Center 

1536 Route 9N 

Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 

Work phone: (609) 465-5901 

FAX: (609) 465-9284 

Agronomistlmanager; tidal bank restoration and 

stabilization. 

Projects: 

1. Developing hardy strains of Spartina. 

2. Evaluation of>. patens for tidal bank stabilization: 

Choptank River, MD., Broad Bay, VA., Albemarle 

Sound, NC., and Chesapeake Bay, MD. 

3. Evaluation of S. alternifiora for tidal bank stabilization: 

Broad Bay, MD., Occohannock Creek, VA., Choptank 

River, MD., and Chester River, MD. 

Mr. Joseph L. Lomax 

Joseph L. Lomax and Associates, Inc. 

P.O. Box 9 

Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 

Work phone: (609) 465-9857 

FAX: (609) 465-2449 

Vice-president; wetlands biologist, delineation, design, 

mitigation restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Mitigation project where 3-4 acres of coastal land was 

restored back to tidal marsh from higher elevations that 

had been taken over by Phragmites. 

2. Several projects where 3-10 acre areas of uplands were 

converted to tidal marsh, with successful establishment of 

Spartina. 

3. Many projects restoring freshwater wetlands. 

Mr. Christopher F. Miller 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

1370 Hamilton Street 

Somerset, NJ 08873 

Work phone: (908) 246-1205, Ext. 144 

FAX: (908) 246-2358 

Plant Materials Specialist, Certified. Stabilization of 

dunes and tidal shoreline. 

Projects: 

1. Develop and release improved varieties of Spartina for 

use in shoreline stabilization. 

2. Evaluate and develop bioengineering techniques 

utilizing Spartina. 

3. Provide technical assistance to commercial growers of 

Spartina. 

Mr. Ronald W. Prann 

International Technology Corpomion 

Wetland Division 

165 Fieldcrest Avenue 

Edison, NJ 08837 

Work phone: (908) 225-2000 

FAX: (908) 225-1691 

Wetland delineations and land use issues. 

Projects: 

1. Formosa Spartina creation project, 1987. Arthur Kill, 

NJN Waterway, Cateret, NJ. 

2. Navy Spartina restoration, 1992, 

Norfolk, VA. 

3. Spartina damage assessment following 567,000 gallon 

N0.2 fuel oil spill, Arthur Kill, 1990-1992. 
Dr. Joseph K. Shisler 

Shisler Environmental Consultants, Inc. 

23 Running Brook Drive 

Hightown, NJ 08520 (more) 

Work phone: (908) 446-3669 

FAX: (908) 446-238 1 

Wetlands Ecologist; Mitigation and Restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Mores Beach, 1972,600 acres of tidal restoration of a 

salt hay fm, Cumberland County, NJ. 

2. Island Beach State Park, 5 acres of restoration of a 

wetland system, Ocean County, NJ. 

3. Wheelers Hay-Farm, 300 acres of tidal restoration to a 

salt hay farm, Cape May County, NJ. 

New York 

Ms. Betsy Adamson 

New York City Dept. of Environmental Protection 

Natural Systems Planning 

59-17 Junction Blvd. 

Elmhurst, NY 11373 

Work phone: (718) 595-3509 

FAX: (718) 595-3557 

Director; wetland restoration, enhancement, inventory of 

natural resources, and impact analysis. 

Projects: 

1. Several projects were implemented where sewer outfall 

construction requires regrading, restoration or enhancement 

of degraded shoreline, 1993. 

2. April-June, 1993, enhancement of shoreline near the 

Pelham Municipal Landfill for the treatment of subsurface 

seeps of landfill leachate. 

3. Proposed project - Restoration of high marsh area in 

Broad Channel, an inhabited island in the middle of 

Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, where intertidal and high 

marsh have been lost from filling. 

Mr. Michael P. Bontje 

B. Laing Associates, 

Environmental Science 

225 Main Street 

Northport, NY 11768 

Work phone: (516) 261-7170 

FAX: (516) 261-7454 

President; Environmental design and wetlands restorations. 

Projects: 

Mr. Sven Hoeger 

Creative Habitat Corp. 

253 Old Tarrytown Road 

White Plains, NY 10603 

Work phone: (914) 948-4389 

FAX: (914) 681-5136 

President; Hydrolsoil bioengineer and wetlands ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Tidal creek salt marsh restoration by Fresh Kills 

Landfill, 1990. 

Mr. Leonard Houston 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Special Projects Section - Environmental Branch 

26 Federal Plaza 

New York, NY 10278 

Work phone: (212) 264-1275 

FAX: (212) 264-5472 

Supervisory fisheries biologist; restoration and 

monitoring. 

Projects: 

1. Hemstead Harbor, NY. Replanting areas of existing 

marsh with Spartina alternzJ7m-a; about 2 acres. 1993. 

Mr. Marc A. Matsil 

Director Natural Resources Group 

City of New York - Parks and Recreation 

1234 5th Avenue, Rm. 233 

New York, NY 10029 

Work phone: (212) 360-1417 

FAX: (212) 360-1426 

Director of NRG; restoration ecology. 

Projects: 

1. NYC Parks Harbor Herons Wetlands Preserve. 

Restoration of salt marshes damaged by the 1990 Exxon 

oil spill; also involves a 6 year restoration, research and 

monitoring plan. 

2. Alley Creek, Alley Pond Park, Queens, NY; Spartina 

salt marsh restoration; completion expected in 1994. 

3. Plum Beach salt marsh restoration and dune restoration 

project; a collaborative effort between NYC Parks Natural 

Resources Group and the National Parks Service (Gateway 

NRA); completion expected in 1993. 

North Carolina 

Dr. Stephen W. Broome 

North Carolina State University 

Department of Soil Science, Box 7619 

Raleigh, NC 27695-7619 

Work phone: (919) 515-2643 

FAX: (919) 515-2167 

Associate Professor of biology and ecology; ecosystems, 

wetlands, macrophytes, soil science, restoration, 

mitigation. 

Projects: 

1. North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, and France 

(Brittany Coast, site of Amoco Cadiz oil spill): effects of 

oil spills and cleanup activities on coastal marshes 

(more) 

2. Past projects encompassed developing methods for 
Spartina alternifora marsh creation and determining 

productivity and functional equivalence. 

Dr. Christopher B. Craft 

Duke University Wetland Center 

School of the Environment 

Duke University 

Durham, NC 27706 

Work phone: (919) 684-2619 

FAX: - Research Assistant Professor; Biogeochemical cycling in 

natural and created marshes. 

Projects: 

1. Dredge spoil stabilization with Spartina alternifora, 

Spring'87. Hacker's Island-Swansboro-Sneads Ferry , 

North Carolina. Cooperative project with USCOE and 

NMFS . 2. Mitigation project, creation of S. alterniflora marsh, 

Spring'89. Cape Fear, North Carolina. Cooperative 

project with NC Ports Authority. 

Ms. Carolyn Currin 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Beaufort Laboratory 

101 Pivers Island Rd. 

Beaufort, NC 28516 

Work phone: (919) 728-8749 

FAX: (919) 728-8784 

Microbiologist; Nitrogen cycling and wetlands restoration. 

Projects: 

1. Accelerated functional development in transplanted salt 

marshes. 6190-93. 

2. Evaluation of restored wetlands and enhancement 

methods for existing restorations. 1992. 

Mr. Mark S. Fonseca 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Beaufort Laboratory 

101 Pivers Island Rd. 

Beaufort, NC 28516 

Work phone: (919) 728-8729 

FAX: (919) 728-8784 

Ecologist. Seagrass ecology and restoration. 

Projects: 

1. NMFSICORPS MOA-North Carolina, 1985 to 

present; research involving marsh restoration at Harker 

Island, Swansboro, and Snead's Ferry, N.C. 

2. NMFS-North Carolina, Maryland, Florida, St. Croix, 

Texas, California, Washington and SE Asia, 1977- 

present: research in seagrass ecology and restoration 

including hydrodynamics and landscape pattern. 

FAX: (919) 322-4444 

Environmental Scientist; consulting, marsh creation and 

monitoring. 

Projects: 

1. Planted 10.1 acres of coastal marsh using Spartina 

alternijlora, S. paens, S. cynosuroides, and Juncus 

roemerianus adjacent to South Creek, a tributary of the 

Pamlico River, near Aurora, NC. Studies were made of 

vegetative growth and soil development over several years 

following planting. 

2. Planted 1.6 acres of marsh using the three Spartina 

species in the same vicinity. Studies are being made of 

the fish and benthic populations in the marsh, comparing 

them with those in a nearby natural marsh. 

3. Planted 8.8 acres of the Spartina spp. and Juncus. 

Studies of vegetative growth, fsh populations, and 

invertebrate colonization have been done comparing the 

man-made to natural marsh habitat. 

Mr. Douglas Huggett 

N.C. Dept. of Transportation, Division of Highways & 

Planning, Environmental Branch 

P.O. Box 25201 

Raleigh, NC 27611 

Work phone: (919) 733-9770 

FAX: (919) 733-9794 

Environmental Specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Onslow County, N.C. Created 1.3 acres of Spartina 

altern@ora and Spartina patens marsh to offset impacts of 

construction over 0.5 acres of natural marsh at New River 

inlet. 

2. Dare County, N.C. Created 0.6 acres of Juncus marsh 

to offset impacts of two new bridge constructions at Nag's 

Head, and created 1.5 acres of Juncus marsh near Mantia to 

offset impacts of a bridge. 

3. Working with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to put in 

Scirpus marsh at Pea Island Wildlife Refuge. 

4. Carteret County, N.C. Creating 2.0 acres of Juncus 

marsh at Cedar Island to mitigate construction impacts on 

natural Juncus marsh. 

Dr. Judson W. Kenworthy 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Beaufort Laboratory 

101 Pivers Island Rd. 

Beaufort, NC 28516 

Work phone: (919) 728-8750 

FAX: (919) 728-8784 

Research Fisheries Biologist. Ecology and seagrasses. 

Projects: 

North Carolina1 Corps MOA 1985 to Present. 

Mr. Jeffrey C. Furness 

Texasgulf Inc. 

P.O. Box 48 

Aurora, NC 27806 

Work phone: (919) 322-4111 
Mr. David L. Meyer 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Beaufort Laboratory 

101 Pivers Island Rd. 

Beaufort, NC 28516 

Work phone: (919) 728-8714 

FAX: (919) 728-8784 

Fisheries Biologist. Invertebrate zoology and estuarine 

ecology. 

Projects: 

1. NMFSICORPS MOA- 1985 through present. 

2. Evaluation of restored wetlands and enhancement 

methods for existing restored marshes. 6-92 Start. 

Dr. Ernest D. Seneca 

North Carolina State University 

Botany Department 

P.O. Box 7612 

Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 

Work phone: (919) 515-2727 

FAX: (919) 515-3436 

Professor and Head of Dept. Establishment, rehabilitation 

and restoration of coastal dunes and salt marshes. 

Projects: 

1. Numerous coastal marsh establishments and 

restorations among the Atlantic estuaries of the US, using 

Spartina altern$ora. 

2. Many publications about materials and methods to 

create or restore salt marshes using S. alterni;flora, 

primarily. 

3. Restoration of salt marshes along the Brittany coast of 

France following the Ammo Cadiz oil spill. 

Dr. Gordon W. Thayer 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Beaufort Laboratory 

101 Pivers Island Rd. 

Beaufort, NC 28516 

Work phone: (919) 228-8747 

FAX: (919) 728-8784 

SEFSC Habitat Coordinator, Fishery habitat Research 

Team Leader, and Fisheries ecologist. Also serves as the 

Research Coordinator for the NOAA Restoration Center. 

Projects: 

1. Studying seagrass and salt marsh habitat and restoration 

from N.C. to Florida from a fisheries perspective. 

2. Studying mangrove habitats of South Florida 

3. Advises on salt marsh ecology, mitigation, and 

restoration, particularly along the mid-Atlantic coastal 

states. 

Ms. Gwendolyn Ann Thunhorst 

University of North Carolina 

Department of Biology/Ecology 

424 Hickory Drive 

Chapel Hill, NC 27514 

Work phone: FAX: Graduate Student. 

Wetland ecology and botany research. 

Projects: 

Hartz Mountain Wetland Restoration ResearchDetermination of Reasons for the failure of seeded 

Spartina alternijZora (Enviromental Concerns, INC.) May 

1991 

Mr. Robert L. Emmett 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Hammond Laboratory 

P.O. Box 187 

Hammond, OR 97121 

Work phone: (503) 861-1818 

FAX: - Fisheries research; estuarine salmonid habitat. 

Projects: 

1. Interested in usage of Spartina alternifira marshes by 

fish and invertebrates. 

2. Cooperative study with the Corps of Engineers 

concerning stranding of juvenile salmonids by ship wakes 

in the Columbia River. 

3. Potential use of dredged material to rebuild intertidal 

areas that have been scoured, and possible stabilization 

using marsh grasses. 

Ms. Paula Levin 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Habitat Conservation I Federal Activities 

911 NE 11th Ave. 

Portland, OR 97232 

Work phone: (503) 231-2068 

FAX: (503) 231-2080 

Coastal Program Coordinator; wetlands and regulatory 

activities. 

Mr. John Marshall 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Oregon State Office 

2600 SE 98th Ave., Suite 100 

Portland, OR 97266 

Work phone: (503) 231-6179 

FAX: (503) 231-6195 

Biologist; coastal permits and NEPA review. 

Projects: 

1. Proposed salt marsh restoration by dike breaching on 

the Salmon River Estuary. U.S. Forest Service. 

2. Restoration of tidal exchange to a tidal salt marsh in 

Trestle Bay by breaching a jetty and a causeway. U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers and Oregon State Parks Dept. 

Mr. Richard P. Novitzki 

ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. 

1600 SW Western Blvd. 

Corvallis, OR 97333 
Work phone: (503) 754-4666 

FAX: (503) 754-4335 

Senior Scientist; EMAP wetlands. 

Projects: 

Pennsylvania 

Dr. Keith L. Bildstein 

Hawk Mountain Sanctuary 

R.R. 2, Box 191 

Kempton, PA 19526 

Work phone: (215) 756-6961 

FAX: (215) 756-4468 

Director of Research. Avian ecology and fiddler crab 

ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Long term study of white ibis, their breeding and 

feeding ecology in S. Carolina freshwater, brackish water 

and Spartina altemifora marshes. 

2. Long term effects of hurricane Hugo on the breeding 

ecology of wading birds in coastal salt marshes in S. 

Carolina. 

3. Ecological studies of fiddler crabs, their burrowing 

behavior in Spartina and brackish marshes. 

Mr. Edward R. Bonner 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District 

Regulatory Branch 

100 Penn Square East, Wanamaker Building 

Philadelphia, PA 19107-3390 

Work phone: (215) 656-6728 

FAX: (215) 656-6724 

Senior biologist; permitting and mitigation. 

Projects: 

1. Delaware DOT mitigation on the St. Jones River 

established about 4 acres of Spartina altemiflora marsh in 

1986. Planted by Environmental Concern, Inc. 

2. At Siliguini, about 1 acre of irregularly flooded sdt 

marsh having Spartina alterniflora, Salicomia sp:, an4 

Distichli~ spicata. 

Mr. Kevin W. Dougherty 

A.D. Marble & Company 

1062 Lancaster Ave. 

Rosemont, PA 19010 

Work phone: (215) 527-9311 

FAX: (215) 527-5646 

Senior environmental planner, and Certified Ecologist, 

ESA; freshwater and tidal wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. A 0.5 acre low marsh of Spartina altemifora in Cape 

May County, NJ; design approved, construction scheduled 

for March 1993. 

2. A 2.3 acre tidal freshwater marsh restoration in Prince 

George's County, MD; design approved August 1991. 

3. A 0.2 acre tidal freshwater marsh restoration for oil 

damage in Monmouth County, NJ, in 1990. 

Mr. Barry Dubinski 

Roy F. Weston, Inc. 

1 Weston Way 

West Chester, PA 19380 

Work phone: (215) 430-3137 

FAX: (215) 430-7401 

Dr. Michael A. Hardisky 

University of Scranton 

Biology Department 

Scranton, PA 18510 

Work phone: (717) 941-7514 

FAX: (717) 941-6369 

Professor; researcher. 

Dr. Willard C. McCartney 

Michael Baker, Jr., Inc. 

Transportation Planning (Environmental) 

Airport Office Park, 420 Rouser Rd., Bldg.#3 

Coraoplis, PA 15108 

Work phone: (412) 269-4601 

FAX: (412) 269-2048 

Environmental Manager; Vertebrate and wetland ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Plum Beach Restoration, 9-92. Shoreline stabilization 

and marsh restoration. 

2. Several freshwater wetland restoration projects. 

Mr. Schucet 

Baker Engineers 

Building 3,420 Rouser Road 

Coraoplis, PA 15108 

Work phone: (412) 269-2048 

FAX: (412) 269-4604 

Projects in both New York and Virginia. 

Rhode Island 

Mr. Joseph Dowhan 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

South New England Estuary Project 

Shoreline Plaza 

P.O. Box 307 

Charlestown, RI 02813 

Work phone: (401) 364-9124 

FAX: (401) 364-0170 
Dr. Frank Golet 

University of Rhode Island 

Department of Natural Resources Science 

Woodward Hall 

Kingston, RI 02881 

Work phone: (401) 792-2916 

FAX: (401) 792-4561 

Professor and research scientist; avian and wetland 

ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Narragansett, RI. Baseline ecological study of the 125 

acre Galilee Bird Sanctuary regarding tidal regime, ground 

water levels, vegetation types and habitats, salinity 

profdes, and use of the area by migratory and locally 

breeding populations of birds. The sanctuary, which was 

largely cut off from tidal flow in 1956--and is now 

brackish--will be restored to salt marsh in 1994. GIS 

technology is being used to compare historic conditions to 

current conditions to aid in designing the restoration plan. 

2.25 years of research studies involving the ecology of 

forested wetlands. 

3. Recent studies of bird usage of coastal marshes, with 

varying degrees of mosquito control ditching. 

Mr. Scott S. Hobson 

Environmental Scientific Corporation 

Division of Keyes Associates 

10 Lincoln Center Boulevard 

Lincoln, RI 02865 

Work phone: (401) 333-0100 ext. 27 

FAX: (401) 333-4556 

Environmental scientist; wetlands delineation and 

permitting. 

Projects: 

Assist individuals, companies and agencies with 

delineation of wetlands, mitigation activities including 

restoration design and obtaining permits from local, state, 

and federal agencies when necessary. 

Mr. Paul J. Shea, MA 

Independent Environmental Consultants, Inc. 

32 Levitt Lane 

Exeter, RI 02822 

Work phone: (401) 294-3909 

FAX: - Biologist, hydrologist. Environmental assessments; 

coastal and freshwater wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Coastal restoration of Winnapaug Pond, assessment of 

critical area, 1992. 

2. Numerous freshwater wetland restorations. 

Ms. Dana Zewinski 

Environmental Scientific Corporation 

Division of Keyes Associates 

10 Lincoln Center Boulevard 

Lincoln, RI 02865 

Work phone: (401) 333-0100 

FAX: (401) 333-4556 

Environmental scientist; wetlands delineation and 

permitting. 

Projects: 

Assist individuals, companies and agencies with 

delineation of wetlands, mitigation activities including 

restoration design and obtaining permits from local, state, 

and federal agencies when necessary. 

South Carolina 

Dr. Vincent J. Bellis, Jr. 

East Carolina University, Department of Biology 

P.O. Box 4353 

Greenville, SC 27858-4353 

Work phone: (919) 757-6296 

FAX: (919) 757-4178 

Professor of Biology; Wetlands and resource management. 

Projects: 

Primary production in saltmarshes (Spartina patens and S. 

cynosuroides) by algae and diatoms. 

Dr. Elizabeth R. Blood 

University of South Carolina 

Department of Environmental Health Services 

Columbia, SC 29208 

Work phone: (803) 777-6994 

FAX: (803) 777-4783 

Associate Professor. Biogeochemistry and nitrogen 

cycling. 

Projects: 

Nitrogen cycling in Spanina marshes in the Charleston, 

S.C. area. 

Mr. Andrew L. Bunch 

R. S. Industries 

P.O. Box 1594 

Georgetown, SC 29442-1594 

Work phone: (803) 527-2204 

FAX: - 

Executive, Foreign Relations Technical Div. Database 

researchkompilation and military assessments and affairs. 

Projects: 

1. Wetlands database compilation, 8-91. 

2. Spartina altemijlora database and directory construction, 

6-92. 

Dr. Robert R. Christian 

East Carolina University, Biology Department 

P.O. Box 4353 

Greenville, SC 27858 

Work phone: (919) 757-6287 

FAX: (919) 757-4178 
Professor of Biology; Estuarine microbial ecology and 

system ecology. 

Projects: 

1. High marsh dynamics and the influence of tidal 

inundation. 

2. Below ground processes of production and 

decomposition. 

3. Nitrogen cycling and exchanges between sediment and 

water. 

Mr. John Hensel 

S.C. Coastal Council, Permitting 

4130 Faber Place, Suite 300 

Charleston, SC 29405 

Work phone: (803) 744-5838 

FAX: (803) 744-5847 

Chief of Permit Enforcement 

Projects: 

1.1993-present. SCDHPT Highway and bridge 

construction project. Grade down old causeway to 

elevation of adjacent marsh to allow revegetation by 

marsh plants of 4.5 acres of intertidal zone. 

2. 1993-present. North Charleston Sewer District 

mitigation for fill associated with the expansion of a 

waste treatment facility. Wooded upland (0.8 acre) was 

graded to intertidal elevations to allow revegetation by 

surrounding marshes in the Ashley River. 

3. Mitigation by Walling Grove Development Co. for fill 

allowed to widen an existing causeway. Project involves 

establishing brackish marsh in an area of graded down 

upland; 0.1 acre. 

Dr. Eric Thor Koepfler 

University of South Carolina - Coastal Carolina College 

P.O. Box 1954 

Conway, SC 29526 

Work phone: (803) 349-2222 

FAX: (803) 349-2990 

Assistant Professor. 

Projects: 

Testing a theory between the interplay between 

ecosystem maturation and physical development coastal 

systems. 

Dr. Richard H. Moore 

University of South Carolina 

Coastal Carolina College 

Box 1954 

Conway, SC 29526 

Work phone: (803) 349-2050 

FAX: (803) 349-2900 

Professor and Ass. Vice Chancellor 

Bio-Ecology; community, wetlands, nekton, fish. 

Projects: 

1. A community ecology study of estuarine fishes in 

Singleton Swash, SC, a Spartina marsh inlet. 

2. Estuarine study of the biology of the spotfin mojarra, 

Eucinostomus argenteus. 

Mr. Steve Moore 

South Carolina Coastal Council 

4130 Faber Place Suite 300 

Charleston, SC 29405 

Work phone: (803) 744-5838 

FAX: (803) 744-5847 

Permit Administrator. 

Projects: 

Administers permits for wetlands 

Dr. James T. Morris 

University of South Carolina 

Department of Biological Sciences 

Columbia, SC 29208 

Work phone: (803) 777-3940 

FAX: (803) 777-4002 

Professor. Wetlands ecology and plant physical ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Effect of nitrogen loading on wetlands ecosystem: 

particular reference to atmospheric deposition. 1992 

Dr. Harold Ornes 

University of South Carolina 

Department of Biology and Geology 

171 University Parkway 

Aiken, SC 29801 

Work phone: (803) 648-6851 

FAX: (803) 641-3382 

Chairman, Department of Biology & Ecology; Ecology of 

wetlands (algae, macrophytes, nutrients, sediments). 

Projects: 

1. Nutrient status of Spartina in North Inlet, S.C. 

2. Live and dead stems and roots nutrient composition of 

Spartina at North Inlet, S.C. 

3. Monitoring of the vegetation after cleanup and 

restoration of Lost Lake, a Carolina Bay at the Savannah 

River Site, Aiken, S.C. 

Mr. Mark Purcell 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Branch 

P.O. Box 919 

Charleston, SC 29402 

Dr. Robert F. Van Dolah 

S.C. Wildlife & Marine Resource Dept. 

Marine Resource Research Institute 

P.O. Box 12559 

Charleston, SC 29412 

Work phone: (803) 762-5048 

FAX: (803) 762-5 110 

Assistant Director. Benthic ecology and environmental 

assessment. 
Texas 

Mr. John S. Adams 

The Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying & Science 

Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi 

6300 Ocean Drive 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 994-2376 

FAX: (512) 994-2715 

Biologist; estuarine ecosystems. 

Projects: (more) 

1. Applications of telemetric collection of coastal 

environmental data. 

2. Monitoring of 'attempted' creation of a Spartina 

alternijlora salt marsh in the Nueces River delta, Texas, 

1990-1991. 

3. Creation of a 'mini' Spartina alternijlora salt marsh in 

relation to water level fluctuations and soil elevation in 

the Nueces River delta. 

Mr. Charles E. Belaire 

Belaire Consulting, Inc. 

P.O. Box 741 

Rockport, TX 78382 

Work phone: (512) 729-2948 

more ... FAX: (512) 729-2970 

President; wetlands planning, design, and construction. 

Projects: 

1. creation of 7.5 acres of Spartina alternflora marsh in 

Mesquite Bay, Texas, 1992. A mitigation project by 

Mitchell Energy Corp. 

2. Creation of two S. alterniflora marshes totaling 5 acres 

on Pelican Spit in Galveston Bay, Texas, 1991. COE 

projects utilizing dredged material to fill low areas. 

3. Kon Tiki Condos mitigation project in Aransas Bay 

created a small 0.1 acre wetland. 

4. Planning, permitting, installation, and monitoring of 

54 acres of seagrass habitat to restore and mitigate impacts 

due to construction of a 20" Transco pipeline in the Upper 

Laguna Madre, Texas, 1989-1990. 

1. Texas State Aquarium. Designed and built a 1.25 acre 

marsh exhibit which included transitional habitats from 

uplands to Spartina alternijlora marsh to subtidal seagms 

beds and oyster reefs. 

2. San Patricio County Navigation District No.1. 

Designed and built a Spartina altern~jlora wetlands for 

mitigation of marina facility expansion; Redfish Bay, 

Texas. 

3. Confidential client. Major oil company. Designed and 

built a seagrass bed at a mitigation site in Laguna Madre, 

Texas. 

4. Lake Padre Development Corp. Designed and built a 

7.0 acre Spartina alterniora / Batis maritima, brackish 

and fresh marsh and submergent habitat wetlands on 

North Padre Island, Texas. 

5. Completed certification as a Registered Environmental 

Manager, Registration #3011. 

Mrs. Patricia B. Clements 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi 

Campus Box 338 

6300 Ocean Drive 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 994-9005 

FAX: (512) 994-8262 

Fishery Biologist 

Projects: 

Evaluations of projects impacting fish and wildlife 

habitats. 

Mr. Dolan Dunn 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District 

Regulatory Branch 

P.O. Box 1229 

Galveston, TX 77553 

Work phone: (409) 766-3935 

FAX: (409) 766-3931 

Chief, Special Actions Section. 

Projects: 

1. Jurisdiction from Cameron Parish, Louisiana, to 

Mexico for the Department of the Army Permit Program. 

5. hnting of 45 acres of seagrass in the Lower Laguna 

Madre to restore impacts due to dredge material disposal Mr. Rudy G. Esquivel 

for Energy Development Corp., 1990. U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Plant Materials Center 

Mr. Paul Carangelo, R.E.M. 

Island Botanics, Environmental Consultants 

3734 Flow Bluff Dr. 

Corpus Christi, TX 78418 

Work phone: (512) 937-4873 

FAX: - 

Environmental and regulatory management; Ecological 

consulting, habitat restoration, wetland and seagrass bed 

evaluation, restoration, and construction. 

Projects: 

Texas A&I University Campus Box 218 

Kingsville, TX 78363 

Work phone: (512) 595-3960 

FAX: (512) 595-3713 

Assistant Manager. 

Projects: 

1. Primary practices rearing of prairie grasses and forbes 

(switch grass, green sprinkle grass, Russian olive, kidney 

woods, Pasculum, alkali sacaton 

2. Starting Spartina gem plasm propagation project. 
Mr. Philip 0. Glass 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

17629 El Camino Real, Suite 211 

Houston, TX 77058 

Work phone: (713) 286-8282 

FAX: (713) 488-5882 

Fish and wildlife biologist 

Projects: 

1. Houston Ship Channel Widening Project. Creation of 

saltmarsh habitat on dredged material islands. 

2. Colonial waterbird colony census and research in 

Galveston Bay. 

Ms. Alisha R. Goldberg 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Ave U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3550 

FAX: (409) 766-3508 

Fishery Biologist; benthic infauna, transplanted saltmarsh. 

Projects: 

1. Galveston Island State Park marsh evaluation for 

fisheries species. 

2. A study of the development of benthic infauna in a 

transplanted Spartina altemiflora marsh, 1992-1993. 

Mr. Richard Harrington 

Texas Parks & Wildlife Department 

Resource Protection Div., Habitat Assessment Bmch 

Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi 

6300 Ocean Drive, Campus Box 317 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 993-4491 

FAX: (512) 993-4597 

Regional biologist; protect wildlife and fishery resources 

and habitats. 

Projects: 

1. Provide recommendations regarding avoiding, 

minimizing, and compensating for wetland impacts. 

2. Monitor required wetland, marsh, and seagrass bed 

mitigation projects for compliance and success. 

3. Coordinate with the SCS concerning use of Spartina 

alterniflora for shoreline stabilization in middle and south 

Texas bays. 

4. Recommend areas for beneficial use of dredged material, 

including areas for marsh creation, e.g. the 13 acres of 

marsh created by the Mitchell Energy Corporation in 

Mesquite Bay, Texas, which increases feeding habitat for 

the endangered whooping crane. 

Ms. Lynnda- M. Kahn 

Texas General Land Office 

11 1 West Wilson, Naylor Bldg. 

Aransas Pass, TX 78336 

Work phone: (512) 758-7228 

FAX: (518) 758-1430 

Environmental Quality Specialist; field inspections, 

including wetlands and coastal marshes. 

Projects: 

1. Clark Island mitigation in lower Laguna Madre 

involved excavation and planting of a 3 acre site with S. 

altemijlora andflalodule wrightii, 1989. 

2. Pelone Island in Corpus Christi Bay had a 3 acre site 

excavated and 1.5 acres of it planted with Halodule, 1988. 

3. Evaluation of a 20 acre excavated site in the upper 

Laguna Madre, which was done for the establishment of 

seagrass habitat. No planting was required, 1991. 

Mr. Paul Lazarene 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District 

Corpus Christi Area Office 

P.O. Box 2948 

Corpus Christi, TX 78403-2948 

Work phone: (512) 880-8135 

FAX: (512) 884-4959 

Wetlands Biologist, regulatory. 

Projects: 

1. Wetland delineations, various. 

2. Investigation of unauthorized activities in the coastal 

area. 

Mr. John Lloyd-Reilley 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

Plant Materials Center 

R.R. 1, BOX 608-T 

Kingsville, TX 78363 

Work phone: (512) 595-1313 

FAX: (512) 595-3713 

Manager. 

Projects: 

1. Evaluates growth characteristics of grasses and forbes 

for soil and water conservation (sand dune stabilization, 

saline soil regeneration, water quality improvement for 

sewage treatment plants, wildlife habitat and cool-season 

forages). 

2. Spartina plant propagation. 

3.Out-planting for shoreline erosion and evaluating 

Rhizoctenia resistance and salinity tolerance. 

Dr. Geoffrey A. Matthews 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Ave U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3532 

FAX: (409) 766-3508 

Biological oceanographer, Habitat research; Forecast 

modeling. 

Projects: 

1. Marsh REC directory, annotated bibliography, and 

techniques evaluation. 
2. Createdlrestored Spartina alternifira marsh inventory 

and monitoring. 

Mr. John E. Mauney 

Number " 1" Nursery 

Landscape Division 

13 1 Rabon Chapel Road 

Montgomery, TX 77356 

Work phone: (409) 588-2508, 

1-800-288-2508 

FAX: - Ownerlmanager; Contract growing, reforestation, 

landscape consulting. 

Projects: 

1. Trout Creek Flood Control, Kirbyville, Texas. Nov. 

1990 - reforestation using 800 1-gal trees 1-5 feet tall. 

2. Harris County Flood Control District, Unit No.ESO0- 

04-00, mitigation planting and maintenance, Job No: 

9310094; planting of 5000 1-gal trees. 

3. Growing Spartina alterniflora for restoration projects. 

Mr. Rick Medina 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston Dist. 

Environmental Resources Branch 

P.O. Box 1229 

Galveston, TX 77550-1229 

Work phone: (409) 766-3044 

FAX: (409) 766-3064 

Chief, Environmental Resources Branch 

Projects: 

1. Pelican Spit Spartina alterniflora marsh creation. 

2. East Matagorda Bay Spartina alterniflora marsh 

creation. 

3. Chocolate Bayou Spartina alterniflora marsh creation. 

Dr. Thomas J. Minello 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Ave U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3506 

FAX: (409) 766-3508 

Research Ecologist; habitat interactions with fishery 

species. 

Projects: 

1. Marsh REC directory, bibliography & evaluation of 

successful techniques. 

2. Comparisons of fishery value in natural and created 

marshes. 

3. Relationships between sediments and benthic infauna in 

created marshes. 

Mr. Donald Moore 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Habitat Protection Division 

4700 Avenue U 

Galveston, TX 7755 1-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3699 

FAX: (409) 766-3575 

Director of NMFS Habitat Conservation office for Texas; 

fisheries and wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Evaluates proposed changes to fisheries habitats, and 

makes recommendations which will minimize impacts to 

the habitats; else, seeks mitigation when habitat damages 

occur. 

2. Mouth of the Colorado River, Texas, Diversion 

Project, June, 1989. Promoted the diversion of the river 

back into Matagorb Bay. 

3, Corpus Christi, Texas, Ship Channel Project. Actions 

prevented deposition of dredged material which would have 

covered one fifth of Nueces Bay. 

4. Houston-Galveston, Texas, Ship Channel Project. 

Delayed authorization for dredging until studies of the 

environmental impacts of using dredged material in the 

bay can be evaluated; authorization delayed until 1996. 

Mr. Lloyd Mullins 

Texas General Land Office, Field Operations 

1 11 W. Wilson, 2nd floor Naylor Bldg. 

Aransas Pass, TX 78336 

Work phone: (512) 758-7228 

FAX: (512) 758-1430 

Office Manager and Field Biologist; wetland mitigation 

and permitting. 

Projects: 

1. Clark Island mitigation in lower Laguna Madre 

involved excavation and planting of a 3 acre site with S. 

alternlflora and-Halodule wrightii, 1989. 

2. Pelone Island in Corpus Christi Bay had a 3 acre site 

excavated and 1.5 acres of it planted with Halodule, 1988. 

3. Evaluation of a 20 acre excavated site in the upper 

Laguna Madre, which was done for the establishment of 

seagrass habitat. No planting was required, 1991. 

Mr. Robert William Nailon 

ENSR Consulting and Engineering 

Toxicology & Risk Management 

3000 Richmond Ave. 

Houston, TX 77098 

Work phone: (713) 520-9900 

FAX: (713) 520-6802 

Senior Fisheries BiologistlWetlands. 

Projects: 

1. East Galveston Bay, 1985, Spartina_alternifira marsh 

created on north shoreline; 9 mile fetch; difficult to 

establish but now functional marsh with fisheries 

organisms. 

2. San Jacinto River, 1988, Spartina alterniflora marsh 

created on dredge material islands; difficult to establish 

without fencing plots, i.e.. predation by rabbits, grass 

carp, nutria, and grasshoppers. 

3. Taylor Lake, 1991 (EPA grant); Spartina alterniflora 

marsh. 
4. Swan Lake, Texas City area, 1992 @PA grant); 

Spartim-alternijlora marsh shows initial success. 

5. Trinity River delta, 1991-1992 @PA grant); Spartina 

alterniflora marsh showed moderate success but nutria 

predation was a problem. 

6. LaPorte, Little Cedar Bayou, 1991 @PA grant); 

Spartina alternijlora marsh successful, but ship wake 

problem exists. 

7. Morgans Point, 1991 @PA grant); Spartina 

alternijlora marsh; initial success; ship wakes are again a 

problem. 

Mr. Brien A. Nicolau 

Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi 

Center for Coastal Studies 

6300 Ocean Drive 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 994-2736 or 2465 

FAX: - Graduate Research Assistant. Benthos and epifauna of 

coastal wetlands. 

Projects: 

1. Monitoring of the benthos and epifauna in the area of a 

failed attempt at creating a Spartina alternijlora salt marsh 

in the Nueces River delta, Texas, 1991-1993. 

2. Creation of a 'mini' Spartina alternijlora salt marsh in 

relation to water level fluctuations and soil elevation in 

the Nueces River delta. 

Mrs. Katie Northrup 

Northrup Associates, Inc. 

9328 Westview Drive, Suite 100 

Houston, TX 77055 

Work phone: (713) 461-3489 

FAX: (713) 461-2671 

Environmental Planner; consulting. 

Dr. Lawrence P. Rozas 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Avenue U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3532 

FAX: (409) 766-3508 

Ecologist; Estuarinelwetlands, fisheries ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Influence of hydroperiod on use of Gulf coast marshes 

by fishes and macro crustaceans. 1990-93 studying 

relationship between salt marsh elevation and use by 

nekton; Spartina alternijlora and Distichlis spicata 

marshes. 

2. Potential for enhancement of fisheries habitat by filling 

OCS pipeline canals. 1990-93 studying relationship 

between canal depth and habitat utilization in brackish and 

salt marshes. 

3. Nekton use of the marsh surface: a comparison between 

channeled and natural marshes. 1989-1992 examined 

Spartina-alternimraplarsh-surface used by nekton on 

marshes adjacent to pipeline canals and on natural 

marshes. 

4. Evaluation of marsh creation on Atkinson Island 

dredged material with respect to establishing a fisheries 

habitat. 

Mr. Eddie Seidensticker 

U.S. Soil Conservation Service 

17324-A Hwy. 3 

Webster, TX 77598 

Work phone: (713) 332-3381 

FAX: (713) 332-3253 

Resource Conservationist/ vegetative shoreline erosion 

control specialist. 

Projects: 

1. Morgan's Point, shoreline stabilization using Spartina 

alternijlora; 1992. 

2. Little Cedar Bayou, south shore stabilization with S. 

alternzj7ora; 1991,1992. 

3. Several plantings of S. alterniflora along the San 

Jacinto River; 1990-1992. 

4. At least 12 other projects for shoreline stabilization 

using Spartim alterniflora, in the Galveston Bay area. 

Ms. Linda Shead 

Galveston Bay Foundation 

17324-A Hwy. 3 

Webster, TX 77598 

Work phone: (713) 332-3381 

FAX: (713) 332-3153 

Executive Director. 

Projects: 

1. Morgan's Point, shoreline stabilization using Spartina 

alternijlora; 1992. 

2. Little Cedar Bayou, south shore stabilization with S. 

alterniJ7ora; 1991,1992. 

3. Several plantings of S. alterniflora along the San 

Jacinto River; 1990-1992. 

Dr. R. Michael Smart 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station 

RR 3, Box 446 

Lewisville, TX 75056-9720 

Work phone: (214) 436-2215 

FAX: (214) 436-1402 

Research Team Leader; Aquatic plant ecologist. 

Projects: 

1. Studies with freshwater plants. 

Mr. R. Darrell Smith 

JonesISmith Environmental Services, Inc. 

P.O. Drawer M 

Dickinson, TX 77539 

Work phone: (713) 585-1766 

FAX:(713)331-4119 (more) 
Aquatic Eco1ogist;'wetlands and endangered species. 

Mitigation plan for Spartina planting project. Located at 

the mouth of the San Jacinto River, 1993. 

Mr. James A. Sutherlin 

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 

J.D. Murphree Wildlife Management Area 

10 Parks and Wildlife Drive 

Port Arthur, TX 77640 

Work phone: (409) 736-2551 

FAX: (409) 736-0382 

Wildlife Biologist. 

Projects: 

1. J.D. Murphree Wildlife Management Area, Jefferson 

County. 

2. Lower Neches Wildlife Management Area, Orange 

County. 

Mr. Russell E. Swafford 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory, Habitat Conservation 

Division 

4700 Ave U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3699 

FAX: (409) 766-3575 

Fisheries Habitat Conservationist; wetlands, fisheries 

ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Wetlands mitigationhestoration; many projects such as 

a 5 acre plot along Swan Lake where a Spartina 

alternijTora marsh was restored by Amoco Oil in 1992, 

and the Pierce Marsh creation of a Spartinu-alterni$!ora - S. patens marsh by Sandifer Petroleum in 1992. 

2. Seagrass mitigationhestoration; many projects 

including the Padre Isles Subdivision restoration of about 

2 acres of seagrass beds in Upper Laguna Madre. 

3. Beneficial uses of dredged material; monitoring of 250 

acres at Atkinson Island and West Bay demonstration 

projects involving marsh creation and stabilization of 

shorelines using dredged material and Spartina alternijZora. 

Mr. David L. Trimm 

ENTRIX, Inc. 

515 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 400 

Houston, TX 77027 

Work phone: (713) 960-9733 

FAX: (713) 960-9461 

Senior Staff Scientist/ Marine fisheries1 Ecology1 

Wetlands ecology. 

Dr. John W. Tunnel], Jr. 

Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi 

Center for Coastal Studies 

6300 Ocean Drive 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 994-2768 

FAX: (512) 994-2770 

Director of the Center for Coastal Studies; Research and 

teaching of coastal biology. 

Projects: 

1. Mitigation monitoring of a salt marsh creation project, 

Nueces River Delta, TX, 1989-present. 

2. Environmental impact and recovery of the EXXON 

Pipeline oil spill and bum site (high marsh), Copano Bay, 

1992-present. 

Ms. Mary Ellen Vega 

Texas Parks & Wildlife Department 

Resource Protection Div., Habitat Assessment Branch 

c/o Corpus Christi State Univ., Campus Box 317 

6300 Ocean Drive 

Corpus Christi, TX 78412 

Work phone: (512) 993-4491 

FAX: (512) 993-4597 

Biologist; protect wildlife and fishery resources and 

habitats. 

Projects: 

1. Provide recommendations regarding avoiding, 

minimizing, and compensating for wetland impacts. 

2. Monitor required wetland, marsh, and seagrass bed 

mitigation projects for compliance and success. 

3. Coordinate with the SCS concerning use of Spartina 

alterni$bra for shoreline stabilization in middle and south 

Texas bays. 

4. Recommend areas for beneficial use of dredged material, 

including areas for marsh creation, e.g. the 13 acres of 

marsh created by the Mitchell Energy Corporation in 

Mesquite Bay, Texas, which increases feeding habitat for 

the endangered whooping crane. 

Dr. James W. Webb, Jr. 

Texas A&M University at Galveston 

P.O. Box 1675 

Galveston, TX 77553 

Work phone: (409) 740-4542 

FAX: (409) 740-5001 

Professor; Research on Spartina marsh restoration and 

creation. 

Projects: 

1. An ecosystem comparison of transplanted and native 

salt marshes: the chronological development of habitat 

value for fishery species. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, 

Estuarine Habitat Research Program. 1990-93. 

2. Habitat availability and utilization by benthos and 

nekton in Hall's Lake and West Galveston Bay. 

NMFSAJS Army COE program. 1991. 

3. Salt marsh mitigation for Motco Superfund site. 

Mr. Frederick T. Werner, Jr. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

17629 El Camino Real, Suite 211 

Houston, ?X 77058 

Work phone: (713) 286-8282 
FAX: (713) 488-5882 

Fish and wildlife biologist 

Projects: 

1. Seabrook Slough; federal project to mitigate impacted 

wetlands. Spartina altern$ora was planted to establish 

saltmarsh. 

2. Saltmarsh restoration at a site along the north shore of 

Clear Lake; property owned by Harry Reed. 

Mr. Richard M. Yuill 

ENTRK, Inc. 

515 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 400 

Houston, TX 77027 

Work phone: (713) 960-9733 

FAX: (713) 960-9461 

Environmental Sciences Group Manager; Estuarine 

benthos, wetlands ecology 

Projects: 

Dr. Roger J. Zimmerman 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

SEFC Galveston Laboratory 

4700 Ave. U 

Galveston, TX 77551-5997 

Work phone: (409) 766-3500 

FAX: (409) 766-3508 

Acting Lab Director, Galveston Lab; Research ecologist, 

habitats for fisheries organisms. 

Projects: 

1. Galveston Island State Park marsh evaluation for 

fisheries species. 

2. Galveston Bay habitat evaluation for placement of 

dredged material from the Houston Ship Channel 

widening. 

3. Feeding preferences of juvenile penaeid shrimp. 

Dr. Linda K. Blum 

University of Virginia-Charlottesville 

Department of Environmental Science 

Clark Hall 

Charlottesville, VA 22903 

Work phone: (804) 924-0560 

FAX: (804) 982-2137 more. .. Research Assistant Professor. Microbial and estuarine 

ecology. 

Projects: 

1. A study of root dynamics and microbial processes 

involved with carbon and nitrogen changes in decay and 

production by short and tall foms of Spartina altemiflora. 

2. A comparison of the contributions of Spartina 

alterniflora and phytoplankton to the dissolved organic 

carbon pool used by bacteria in a tidal creek. 

Mr. Terry Getchell 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Civil Programs Branch 

803 Front St. 

Norfolk, VA 23510 

Work phone: (804) 441-7617 

Environmental scientist; wetlands and hardwood swamps. 

Projects: 

1. Various sites on the Elizabeth River had marsh 

creation/restoration actions; total area of about 10 acres. 

2. Hampton Roads sites with marsh creation; total area of 

about 20 acres; from 1987-present. 

3. Proposed project to convert a barrow pit into about 20 

acres of Spartina altemiflora marsh and 10 acres of 

hardwood swamp; proposed for 1994-95. 

Mrs. Robin V. Morgan 

Williamsburg Environmental Group, Inc. 

P.O. Box 3584 

Williamsburg, VA 23 187 

Work phone: (804) 220-6869 

FAX: (804) 229-4507 

Ecologist; consulting. 

Projects: 

1. Restoration of a 0.5 acre marsh along the Elizabeth 

River in Tidewater, Virginia, by sprigging with Spartina 

alterniflora. 

2. Several palustrine mitigation projects that involved 

&sign and creation; emergent and forested wetlands mainly 

in central Virginia. 

Mr. A. Keith Taniguchi 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Habitat Conservation, Coastal & Wetland Resources 

4401 N. Fairfax Drive, 400 ARLSQ 

Arlington, VA 22203 

Work phone: (703) 358-2201 

FAX: (703) 358-2232 

Information specialist, wetlands. 

Dr. David A. Armstrong 

University of Washington 

School of Fisheries, WH-10 

Seattle, WA 98195 

Work phone: (206) 543-6132 

FAX: (206) 685-3224 

Professor; invertebrate ecology. 

Projects: 

1. Ecology of tidal flats in NW estuaries. 

2. Use of intertidal oyster shell to enhance recruitment and 

survival of O+ dungeness crab (Cancer magister) in Grays 

Harbor Estuary. This project has led to construction of 

over 8 hectares of shell habitat, and includes provisions to 
limit movement of Spartina seed from Willapa Bay with 

shell transported from that estuary. 

3. Shell, shrimp and eelgrass interactions in the Willapa 

estuary. The healthy shellledgrass tideflats lacks high 

densities of thalissinid shrimp, and may reduce 

proliferation of exotic Spartina altern$ora in estuaries of 

the Pacific Northwest. 

Dr. Douglas A. Bulthuis 

Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 

Washington State Department of Ecology 

1043 Bay View - Edison Road 

Mount Vernon, WA 98273 

Work phone: (206) 428-1558 

FAX: (206) 428-1491 

Research Coordinator; seagrasses, estuarine biology. 

Projects: 

1. Assess the effectiveness of glyphosate on killing 

Spartina alternijlora in Padilla Bay, and the effects on 

adjacent and intermixed native salt marsh plants. June 

1992. 

Mr. Brett R. Dumbauld 

Washington State Department of Fisheries 

Marine FisWShellfish 

P.O. Box 190 

Ocean Park, WA 98640 

Work phone: (206) 665-4166 

FAX: (206) 665-6716 

Fisheries Biologist; shellfish life history, estuarine 

ecology of Willapa Bay. 

Projects: 

1. Willapa Bay habitat inventory; aerial overflights and 

ground-truthing to assess the Spartina and other habitat 

acreage; create a GIs database. 1993-1994. 

2. Effects of introduced Spartina alternijlora on native 

bivalve populations in Willapa Bay; 1992-1993. 

Mr. Steve L. Foss 

Washington State Department of Agriculture 

Pesticide Management Division 

P.O. Box 42589 

Olympia, WA 98504-2589 

Work phone: (206) 902-2049 

FAX: (206) 902-2093 

Pesticide Specialist; Agriculture, education. 

Projects: 

1. Education: Spartina - Threat to Washington's saltwater 

habitat. 

Mr. James A. Hidy 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Willapa National Wildlife Refuge & Satellites 

HC 01 Box 910 

Ilwaco, WA 98624-9707 

Work phone: (206) 484-3482 

FAX: (206) 484-3109 

Refuge manager; Spartina control. 

Projects: 

1. Control of Spartinu-alterniflora; possible elimination of 

it from areas of Willapa Bay. Mechanical control, 1989. 

2. Fish use of cordgrass, 1990. 

3. Use of glyphosate on Spartina, efficacy, impacts to 

non-target organisms, fate. 

Dr. Thomas F. Mumford 

Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division 

of Aquatic Lands 

P.O. Box 47028 

Olympia, WA 98504-7028 

Work phone: (206) 902-1079 

FAX: (206) 902-1786 

Section Head, Environmental Information; algology and 

geographical information systems. 

Projects: 

1. Characterization of nearshore habitats in Puget Sound, 

WA. 1990. Mapping includes Spartina spp. marshes. 

2. Programmatic EIS for nations emergent aquatic plants 

in Washington; 1991, for management of Spartina and 

loosestrife. 

3. Inventory of Spartina spp. in Washington, 1991-92, 

using ground and aerial surveys. 

4. Environmental impacts of different control methods for 

controlling the spread of Spartina spp. in Washington. 

1991-92. 

Ms. Sharon R. Riggs 

Washington State Department of Ecology 

Padii Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 

1043 Bayview-Edison Road 

Mount Vernon, WA 98273 

Work phone: (206) 428-1558 

FAX: (206) 428-1491 

Program Coordinator; administration and estuarine 

ecological research. 

Projects: 

1. Distribution of Spartina alternij7ora in Padilla Bay, 

Wash., 1991, Pad. Bay Ntl. Est. Res. Reserve Tech. Rpt. 

No. 3. 

2. Met aerial primary productivity of S. alternijbra in Pad. 

Bay, Wash., 1992-1993. Used a nondestructive method to 

measure net aerial primary productivity over a year. 

Ms. Kathleen A. Sayce 

Shoalwater Botanical 

P.O. Box 91 

Nahcotta, WA 98637 

Work phone: (206) 665-5292 

FAX: (206) 665-5292 

Botanist; salt marshes in estuaries. 

Projects: 

1. A study of Spartina alterniflora in Willapa Bay, WA. 

USFWS study 1987-88. 

(more) 
2. Survey of-S. alternijlora in Willapa Bay includes 

annual seed set and vertical placement in the intertidal 

zone, 1988-. 

3. Monitoring of diatoms in Willapa Bay, planktonic, 

benthic and epiphytic. 

Mr. Charles A. Simenstad 

University of Washington 

Wetlands Ecosystem Team 

Fisheries Research Institute, WH-10 

Seattle, WA 98195 

Work phone: (206) 543-7185 

FAX: (206) 685-7471 

Marine Biologist; Ecosystems, wetlands, fisheries 

biology. 

Projects: 

Studies of the invertebrates in Willapa Bay. 

Mr. Curtis D. Tanner 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

3704 Griffin Ln. SE, Suite 102 

Olympia, WA 98501-2192 

Work phone: (206) 753-9440 

FAX: (206) 753-9008 

Wildlife biologist; wetlands. 

Projects: 

Coastal America intertidal habitat restoration projects in 

the Duwamish River estuary, Seattle, WA; (7111190). 

Projects were designed to 1) increase the amount and 

quality of resource base in the Duwamish River estuary; 

2) investigate novel approaches to habitat 

restoration/enhancement in an urban environment; and 3) 

develop an inter-agency approach to non-compensatory 

habitat restoration. 

Dr. Ronald M. Thorn 

Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory 

Marine & Wetland Resources Group 

1529 W. Sequim Bay Road 

Sequim, WA 98382 

Work phone: (206) 681-3657 

FAX: (206) 681-3681 

Group leader; estuarine and marine plant ecology; 

wetlands, coastal systems; consultant. 

Projects: 

1. Sea level rise effects on coastal marshes. March 1991. 

2. Effects of graveling beaches on nutrient flux rate and 

benthic primary productivity. March 1991. 

3. Effects of oil on kelp. June 1992. 

4. Spartina alternijlora ecology in Willapa Bay; project to 

start July, 1993. 

Mr. Steve Wirth 

Newstart Nursery 

565 Juniper Beach Road 

Camano Island, WA 98292 

Work phone: (206) 629-3751 

FAX: - Managerlowner of a nursery; also is licensed to apply 

herbicides. 

Projects: 

1. Pilot study to use Rodeo to eradicate Spartina 

townsendi at Livingston Bay Park; 1992. 
NMFS and COP Salt marsh Restoration Directory 

Dr. Geoffrey A. Matthews of Dr. Thomas J. Minello 

NMFS Laboratory, 4700 Ave. U, Galveston, TX 77551 

(409) 766-3500 or FAX 766-3508 

Dr. Mr. Mrs. Ms. 

First MI Last 

Organization: 

Department: 

Address: - 

Street 

City State Zipcode 

Telephone: ( ) FAX: 

Internet: Email: 

Job- Function: 

Specialty: 

Computer: 

Brief description of your recentlcurrent projects. (What, When & Where) 

Project 1. 

Project 2. 

- 

Project 3. 
INDEX of PARTICIPANTS 

Adams, L. 7 

Adams, J. 34 

Adamson 28 

Albano 22 

Alexander 4 

Allen, H. 24 

Allen, S. 26 

Ammann 26 

Anderson 5 

Armstrong 39 

Amelia 4 

Barber 7 

Bartoldus 19 

Bates 7 

Beeman 7 

Beever 7 

Belaire 34 

Bellis 32 

Bennett 7 

Bigford 22 

Biggar 8 

Bildstein 3 1 

Bissett 8 

Blair 8 

Blama 19 

Blood 32 

Blum 39 

Boatman 13 

Bodin 13 

Boesch 20 

Bolotte 13 

Bonner 3 1 

Bontje 28 

Bordelon 13 

Bordes 13 

Briggs 20 

Brocluneyer 8 

Broome 28 

Broussard, B. 13 

Broussard, D. 14 

Brunori 20 

Bryan 22 

Bulthuis 40 

Bunch 32 

Bundy 8 

Burdett 8 

Burdick 26 

Bybee 2 

Cahoon 14 

Cammen 20 

Carangelo 34 

Carlson, D. 8 

Carlson, L. 22 

Can 22 

Cash 8 

Christian 32 

Clairain 24 

Clark 5 

Clarke 25 

Clements 34 

Cordy 8 

Craft 29 

Crewz 9 

Cuevas 25 

Currin 29 

Daehler 2 

Davis 9 

Day 14 

De Bouno 26 

Demgen 2 

Derstine 14 

Deshaies 22 

Devlin 14 

DiFiori 2 

Dore 20 

Dougherty 3 1 

Dowhan 31 

Dowling 1 

Drylie 9 

Dubinski 3 1 

Dumbauld 40 

Dunn 34 

DuPuy 9 

Earhart 20 

Edstrom 27 

Edwards 14 

Eisenhardt 27 

Eleuterius 25 

Emmett 30 

Erwin 20 

Esquivel34 

Falcone 23 

Fefer 19 

Filip 20 

Fine 14 

Fink 2 

Fonseca 29 

Foss 40 

Friedemann 9 

Fultz 12 

Furness 29 

Gagliano 15 

Gallagher 6 

Gann 9 

Gann-Matzen 9 

Garbisch 20 

Gavutis 23 

Getchell39 

Gilio 9 

Gilmore 10 

Glass 35 

Goldberg 35 

Goldsmith 23 

Golet 32 

Goodger 2 1 

Hamer 27 

Hanes 10 

Hardisky 3 1 

Hargis 15 

Harrington 35 

Hartman 15 

Hawes 15 

Heath 1 

Heller 4 

Helm 26 

Henningsen 10 

Hensel33 

Herke 15 

Hidy 40 

Hobson 32 

Hoeger 28 

Hoese 15 

Hoffman 2 

Hook 15 

Houston 28 

Huggett 29 

Johnson 15 

Jones 16 

Josselyn 3 

Kahn 35 

Karafel 10 

Kearney 2 1 

Kent 4 

Kenworthy 29 

Kepner 10 

Kerfoot 23 

Kilgore 20 
Koepfler 33 

Konikoff 16 

Kosier 10 

Kraus 21 

Kruczynski 10 

Landin 25 

Lanier 13 

LaSalle 25 

Latch 10 

Lazarene 35 

Lelito 23 

Levin 30 

Lewis 10 

Lloyd-Reilley 35 

Logan 10 

Lomax 27 

Lowe 25 

Luther 6 

Lyman 23 

MacLean 21 

Mager 1 1 

Mantzaris 23 

Marcantel 16 

Marcus 23 

Marshall 30 

Martin 24 

Materne 16 

Mathies 16 

Matsil28 

Matthews 35 

Mauney 36 

Maurmeyer 6 

McCandless 21 

McCartney 31 

McCorkle 6 

McHugh 24 

McNease 16 

Medina 36 

Melton 11 

Menard 16 

Mendelssohn 16 

Meyer 30 

Middleton 1 

Miller 27 

Minello 36 

Moore, R. 33 

Moore, S. 33 

Moore, D. 36 

Morgan 39 

Moms 33 

Mullins 36 

Mumford 40 

Murphy 17 

Nailon 36 

Nichols 17 

Nickerson 24 

Nicolau 37 

Nidecker 17 

Niering 4 

Northrup 37 

Novitzki 30 

O'Neil 26 

Ornes 33 

Owen 17 

Patten 11 

Paul 2 1 

Perry 17 

Pezeshki 17 

Phillipp 6 

POPP 4 

Potter 4 

Prann 27 

Proffitt 17 

Purcell33 

Rafferty 18 

Ramsey 18 

Reddoch 18 

Redmond 1 1 

Reed, B. 18 

Reed, D. 18 

Reeder 1 1 

Reily 11 

Renner 13 

Reubsamen 18 

Riggs 40 

Roach 1 

Robinson 11 

Rozas 37 

Rozsa 5 

Sayce 40 

Scheidt 11 

Schleifstein 18 

Schroer 11 

Schucet 3 1 

Seelinger 22 

Seidensticker 37 

Seliskar 6 

Seneca 30 

Shea 32 

Shead 37 

Shisler 28 

Simenstad 4 1 

Simon 18 

Skrabal6 

Slayback 5 

Smart 37 

Smith, J. 3 

Smith, D. 37 

Sparrow 24 

Spell 18 

Spicher 3 

Steinke 5 

Stevenson 22 

Steyer 19 

Stout 1 

Strong 3 

Sutherlin 38 

Swafford 38 

Talbot 19 

Taniguchi 39 

Tanner 41 

Taylor 24 

Teal 24 

Terwilliger 12 

Thayer 30 

Thom 41 

Thornhill 1 

Thunhorst 30 

Tito 12 

Tomasko 12 

Trimm 38 

Tullos 19 

Tunnell38 

Twilley 19 

Utermohle 22 

Van Dolah 33 

Vega 38 

Vittor 2 

Waring 26 

Warren 5 

Webb 38 

Werner 38 

Wesley 12 

White 12 

Whitrnan 12 

Williams 3 

Wirth 41 

Witman 7 

Yuill39 

Zaffke 12 

Zedler 3 

Zentner 3 

Zewinski 32 

Zimmerman 39 

Zyski 12 
Other ~itles in the 

Decision Analysis Series 

No. I . Able, Kenneth W. and Susan C. Kaiser. 1994 Synthesis of Summer 

Flounder Habitat Parameters.