II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 766 

To ensure that teachers are paid a livable and competitive salary throughout 

their career, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 9, 2023 

Mr. SANDERS (for himself, Mr. LUJA ́N, Mr. MARKEY, Ms. WARREN, Mr. 

WELCH, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. MERKLEY, and Mr. PADILLA) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 

Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To ensure that teachers are paid a livable and competitive 

salary throughout their career, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Pay Teachers Act’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Purposes. 

Sec. 3. Findings. 

Sec. 4. Definitions. 

Sec. 5. Regulations; special rule. 


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TITLE I—INVESTING IN OUR NATION’S STUDENTS 

Sec. 101. Mandatory appropriations for part A of title I of the ESEA. 

Sec. 102. Mandatory appropriations for rural education. 

Sec. 103. Mandatory appropriations for impact aid. 

Sec. 104. Mandatory appropriations for Bureau of Indian Education. 

TITLE II—INCREASING TEACHER SALARIES 

Sec. 201. State teacher salary plan addendum. 

Sec. 202. Paying teachers a livable and competitive salary. 

Sec. 203. Technical assistance to support the equitable distribution of in-field, 

experienced, and effective teachers. 

Sec. 204. Improving resource equity at schools identified for improvement. 

Sec. 205. Strengthening per-pupil expenditure reporting. 

Sec. 206. Maintenance of equity. 

Sec. 207. State administration. 

Sec. 208. National Academies study to improve ESEA’s resource equity requirements. 

TITLE III—INVESTING IN THE TEACHING PROFESSION 

Sec. 301. Mandatory appropriations for the Teacher Quality Partnerships and 

Grow Your Own programs. 

Sec. 302. Mandatory appropriations for the Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of 

Excellence program. 

Sec. 303. Mandatory appropriations for personnel development to improve services and results for children with disabilities under part D of 

IDEA. 

Sec. 304. Mandatory appropriations for the Supporting Effective Educator Development program. 

Sec. 305. Mandatory appropriations for the Teacher and School Leader Incentive program to support continued teacher growth and contributions to student learning. 

1 SEC. 2. PURPOSES. 

2 The purposes of this Act are to— 

3 (1) ensure public elementary and secondary 

4 school teachers earn a livable salary and are com5 pensated with a career-based competitive salary 

6 that— 

7 (A) includes a starting annual base salary 

8 of not less than $60,000; and 

9 (B) increases regularly throughout a teach10 er’s career; 


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1 (2) increase Federal investments in public 

2 schools, and call upon States and local governments 

3 to increase investments in public education in order 

4 to promote educational equity, including by ensuring 

5 that every public school student is taught by a quali6 fied teacher; and 

7 (3) invest in a diverse teacher workforce, by 

8 strengthening the educator pipeline and supporting 

9 career development and advancement through ex10 panded teacher leadership and professional advance11 ment opportunities. 

12 SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 

13 Congress finds the following: 

14 (1) In the majority of States, public elementary 

15 and secondary school teachers do not earn a livable 

16 and competitive salary. According to the 2022 report 

17 by the Economic Policy Institute— 

18 (A) over the past nearly 3 decades, the av19 erage inflation-adjusted weekly wages of public 

20 school teachers grew just $29 from $1,319 to 

21 $1,348 while, conversely, ‘‘inflation-adjusted 

22 weekly wages of other college graduates rose 

23 from $1,564 to $2,009 over the same period— 

24 a $445 increase.’’; 


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1 (B) non-teaching college graduates realized 

2 an inflation-adjusted weekly increase that was 

3 15 times higher than public school teachers; 

4 and 

5 (C) ‘‘in 28 states, teachers are paid less 

6 than 80 cents on the dollar earned by similar 

7 college-educated workers in those states.’’. 

8 (2) Many teachers across the country are work9 ing multiple jobs and have to rely on public assist10 ance programs just to make ends meet. According to 

11 the Southern Regional Education Board, in 36 

12 States, the average teacher salary is low enough that 

13 mid-career teachers who are the head of household 

14 for a family of 4 qualify for government benefits. 

15 According to a University of California, Berkeley 

16 study, between 2014 and 2016, 21 percent of ele17 mentary and middle school teachers were part of 

18 families enrolled in at least one of the following pub19 lic assistance programs: 

20 (A) The Earned Income Tax Credit under 

21 section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 

22 1986. 

23 (B) The Medicaid program. 

24 (C) The Children’s Health Insurance pro25 gram. 


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1 (D) The supplemental nutrition assistance 

2 program established under the Food and Nutri3 tion Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.). 

4 (E) The program of block grants to States 

5 for temporary assistance for needy families es6 tablished under part A of title IV of the Social 

7 Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). 

8 (3) One estimate shows that in school year 

9 2020–2021, 17 percent of public school teachers 

10 worked multiple jobs during the school year, such as 

11 working in restaurants or driving for ride-share plat12 forms. 

13 (4) A similar pattern of inflation-adjusted week14 ly wages can be seen for school paraprofessionals 

15 and other instructional staff. The lack of sufficient 

16 and competitive wages is even more pronounced in 

17 other school staff roles, with many school staff un18 able to earn a livable wage. The median pay in the 

19 2019–2020 school year was $13 an hour for school 

20 food service workers, $16.36 an hour for bus drivers, 

21 $15.34 an hour for school building and cleaning 

22 workers, and $19.50 an hour for school administra23 tive and support workers. 

24 (5) According to the National Education Asso25 ciation, the average starting teacher salary in the 


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1 United States was $42,845 in the 2021–2022 school 

2 year. This is an increase of 2.5 percent over the pre3 vious school year. Only 1.8 percent of local edu4 cational agencies in the United States, who employ 

5 5.9 percent of all teachers, pay a starting salary of 

6 $60,000 or more. Nationwide, 39.7 percent of local 

7 educational agencies pay their starting teachers less 

8 than $40,000, and those local educational agencies 

9 employ 17.9 percent of teachers nationwide. 

10 (6) According to a 2022 study from the 

11 Annenberg Institute at Brown University, the most 

12 recent national data shows that nearly 200,000 

13 teaching positions were either vacant or held by 

14 underqualified teachers. This study, and others, con15 sistently demonstrate that teacher shortages dis16 proportionately impact schools serving the most stu17 dents of color and from low-income backgrounds. 

18 (7) Nearly 70 years after Brown v. Board of 

19 Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), required 

20 the provision of public education to all people ‘‘on 

21 equal terms,’’ children of color, children with disabil22 ities, and children in low-income communities are 

23 routinely denied a high-quality education. The Civil 

24 Rights Data Collection of the Office for Civil Rights 

25 of the Department of Education shows that schools 


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1 with high enrollment of students of color are 4 times 

2 as likely to employ uncertified teachers compared to 

3 schools with low enrollment of students of color. Ad4 ditional studies show that teachers with less than 3 

5 years of experience are concentrated in schools serv6 ing a high percentage of students from low-income 

7 backgrounds and students of color. 

8 (8) Research, including a study by the Eco9 nomic Policy Institute, has found that raising teach10 er salaries helps attract the best and brightest young 

11 people into teaching, encourages teachers to teach in 

12 underserved schools, improves teacher retention and 

13 morale, and bolsters student academic outcomes. Ac14 cording to the Learning Policy Institute, controlling 

15 for other factors, teachers employed by local edu16 cational agencies with the highest salary schedules 

17 are 31 percent less likely to leave than teachers em18 ployed by local educational agencies with lower pay 

19 scales. 

20 (9) According to the Consortium for Policy Re21 search in Education at the University of Pennsyl22 vania, teachers who enter the profession through 

23 comprehensive and high-quality pathways are 2 to 3 

24 times more likely to remain in the profession than 


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1 underprepared teachers who enter through less than 

2 comprehensive pathways. 

3 (10) Several studies have shown the many bene4 fits of providing opportunities for teacher leadership, 

5 which include improving instructional practice, in6 creasing academic and other positive outcomes for 

7 students, and increasing teacher retention. 

8 (11) Teachers in the United States are system9 ically underpaid compared to their similarly edu10 cated peers. As the Organisation for Economic Co11 operation and Development wrote in 2019, ‘‘Depend12 ing on the level of education taught, teachers’ sala13 ries are between 62 percent and 68 percent of the 

14 average salaries of tertiary-educated workers. These 

15 relative earnings are among the lowest across all 

16 OECD countries and economies.’’. 

17 (12) Raising teacher salaries to at least 

18 $60,000 a year and ensuring competitive pay 

19 throughout the lifetime of the teaching career is one 

20 of the most important steps the United States can 

21 take to address the teacher shortage crisis and en22 sure all students have access to qualified teachers 

23 and educational opportunity. Paying teachers as the 

24 professionals they are is critical in order to honor 

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1 ing profession, and create a high-quality public edu2 cation system that serves the needs of students, fam3 ilies, and teachers. 

4 SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 

5 In this Act: 

6 (1) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENT PERCENTAGE.—The 

7 term ‘‘annual adjustment percentage’’, with respect 

8 to appropriations made under this Act for a fiscal 

9 year, means a percentage equal to the estimated per10 centage change in the Consumer Price Index, as de11 termined by the Secretary of Education, for the 

12 most recent calendar year ending prior to the begin13 ning of such fiscal year. 

14 (2) CONSUMER PRICE INDEX.—The term ‘‘Con15 sumer Price Index’’ has the meaning given the term 

16 in section 478(f) of the Higher Education Act of 

17 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087rr(f)). 

18 (3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

19 the Secretary of Education. 

20 SEC. 5. REGULATIONS; SPECIAL RULE. 

21 (a) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 1 year after the 

22 date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue 

23 final regulations related to the implementation of this Act 

24 and the amendments made by this Act, including the pro25 visions of subsection (i) of section 6311 of the Elementary 


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1 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311), 

2 as added by this Act. 

3 (b) SPECIAL RULE.—Notwithstanding any other pro4 vision of law, the Secretary may take such steps as the 

5 Secretary determines are reasonably necessary to imple6 ment the provisions of this Act and the amendments made 

7 by this Act. 

8 TITLE I—INVESTING IN OUR 

9 NATION’S STUDENTS 

10 SEC. 101. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR PART A OF 

11 TITLE I OF THE ESEA. 

12 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are 

13 appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other14 wise appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out part A 

15 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

16 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311 et seq.)— 

17 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $36,773,604,000; and 

18 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

19 appropriated under this section for the preceding fis20 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per21 centage. 

22 SEC. 102. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR RURAL EDU23 CATION. 

24 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are 

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1 wise appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out part B 

2 of title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

3 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7341 et seq.)— 

4 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $430,000,000; and 

5 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

6 appropriated under this section for the preceding fis7 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per8 centage. 

9 SEC. 103. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR IMPACT AID. 

10 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are 

11 appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other12 wise appropriated, to the Secretary to provide payments 

13 for eligible federally connected children under section 

14 7003(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

15 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7703(b))— 

16 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $1,460,000,000; and 

17 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

18 appropriated under this section for the preceding fis19 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per20 centage. 

21 SEC. 104. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR BUREAU OF 

22 INDIAN EDUCATION. 

23 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

24 (1) BUREAU.—The term ‘‘Bureau’’ means the 

25 Bureau of Indian Education. 


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1 (2) BUREAU-FUNDED SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘Bu2 reau-funded school’’ has the meaning given the term 

3 in section 1141 of the Education Amendments of 

4 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2021). 

5 (3) MINIMUM SALARY FOR TEACHERS.—The 

6 term ‘‘minimum salary for teachers’’ has the mean7 ing given the term in section 1111(i)(1)(A) of the 

8 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 

9 (20 U.S.C. 6311(i)(1)(A)), except that the amount 

10 described in such section shall be determined by the 

11 Director of the Bureau, in consultation with the Sec12 retary, instead of by a State. 

13 (b) APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts other14 wise available, there are appropriated, out of any money 

15 in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Bureau 

16 to be allocated by the Director of the Bureau for programs 

17 or activities operated or funded by the Bureau for Bureau18 funded schools— 

19 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $1,130,000,000; and 

20 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

21 appropriated under this section for the preceding fis22 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per23 centage. 

24 (c) LIVABLE AND COMPETITIVE SALARIES FOR BIE 

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1 ity operated by the Bureau for Bureau-funded schools that 

2 receives funds under subsection (b) shall ensure, in ac3 cordance with a timeline established by the Director of the 

4 Bureau, that all full-time elementary and secondary teach5 ers employed for such program or activity— 

6 (1) are compensated with an annual base sal7 ary, as such term is defined in section 1111(i)(1)(A) 

8 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

9 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(i)(1)(A)), that is not less 

10 than the minimum salary for teachers; and 

11 (2) are compensated with a livable and competi12 tive salary, in accordance with the requirements of 

13 section 1111(i)(2)(B) of the Elementary and Sec14 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

15 6311(i)(2)(B)), except that procedures and require16 ments described in clause (ii) of such section shall 

17 be established by the Director of the Bureau, in con18 sultation with the Secretary, instead of the Sec19 retary. 

20 TITLE II—INCREASING TEACHER 

21 SALARIES 

22 SEC. 201. STATE TEACHER SALARY PLAN ADDENDUM. 

23 Section 1111(g) of the Elementary and Secondary 

24 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(g)) is amended 

25 by adding at the end the following: 


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1 ‘‘(5) STATE TEACHER SALARY PLAN ADDEN2 DUM.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which 

3 the Secretary issues final rules related to the imple4 mentation of the Pay Teachers Act in accordance 

5 with section 5 of such Act, a State that receives as6 sistance under this part shall submit the State’s 

7 Teacher Salary Plan Addendum to the Secretary in 

8 accordance with the procedures and requirements 

9 determined by the Secretary. The State’s Teacher 

10 Salary Plan Addendum shall include each of the fol11 lowing: 

12 ‘‘(A) A description of the State’s plan to 

13 provide a competitive salary regularly through14 out the career of public elementary school and 

15 secondary school teachers, including an assur16 ance that the State will— 

17 ‘‘(i) under the timeline specified in 

18 subsection (i), comply with subparagraphs 

19 (A) and (B) of subsection (i)(2); or 

20 ‘‘(ii) not later than 1 year after the 

21 date the Secretary issues final rules in ac22 cordance with section 5 of the Pay Teach23 ers Act, submit a request to the Secretary 

24 to participate in the Teacher Salary Im25 provement pathway and for an extended 


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1 timeline to comply with the teacher salary 

2 requirements described in subparagraphs 

3 (A) and (B) of subsection (i)(2), if the 

4 State meets the eligibility criteria described 

5 in subsection (i)(4). 

6 ‘‘(B) A description of the State’s plan to 

7 increase the State’s per-pupil expenditures or 

8 the aggregate expenditures of the State with re9 spect to the provision of free public education 

10 in the State, in a manner that— 

11 ‘‘(i) supports local educational agen12 cies in increasing salaries or wages for 

13 teachers, paraprofessionals, specialized in14 structional support personnel, classified 

15 school employees, principals, other school 

16 leaders, school librarians, school bus driv17 ers, and other staff across their careers, 

18 including through providing increased re19 sources to local educational agencies; and 

20 ‘‘(ii) does not— 

21 ‘‘(I) increase average class sizes 

22 or student to full-time equivalent 

23 teacher ratios at the State, local edu24 cational agency, or school level; 

25 ‘‘(II) reduce planning time; or 


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1 ‘‘(III) require teachers to teach 

2 additional classes. 

3 ‘‘(C) An identification, with respect to the 

4 average teacher salary baselines (as such term 

5 is defined in subsection (i)(4)(A)(i)) in the most 

6 recent fiscal year, of the statewide average and 

7 the average in each local educational agency in 

8 the State. 

9 ‘‘(D) An identification of the number and 

10 percentage of teachers employed by local edu11 cational agencies in the State who earn a salary 

12 of less than $60,000 annually, disaggregated by 

13 each period of service specified in subsection 

14 (i)(4)(A)(i), across the State and in each such 

15 local educational agency. 

16 ‘‘(E) A description of the State’s plan to 

17 comply with the equitable distribution of teach18 ers requirement under paragraph (1)(B). 

19 ‘‘(F) A description of the State’s plan to 

20 align State activities authorized under section 

21 2102 to support the purposes under section 2 

22 of the Pay Teachers Act. 

23 ‘‘(G) If the State participated in an eligible 

24 partnership that received a grant under section 

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1 scription of the State’s plan to implement evi2 dence-based practices and effective lessons 

3 learned from such grant to promote teacher 

4 quality and student academic achievement in 

5 carrying out this part. 

6 ‘‘(6) UPDATED STATE TEACHER SALARY PLAN

7 ADDENDUM.—The Secretary may request, at such 

8 time and in such manner as the Secretary may de9 termine, an updated State Teacher Salary Plan Ad10 dendum. The State shall submit such updated plan 

11 upon request.’’. 

12 SEC. 202. PAYING TEACHERS A LIVABLE AND COMPETITIVE 

13 SALARY. 

14 Section 1111 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu15 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is amended— 

16 (1) by redesignating subsections (i), (j), (k), 

17 and (l), as subsections (j), (k), (l), and (m), respec18 tively; 

19 (2) by inserting after subsection (h) the fol20 lowing: 

21 ‘‘(i) IMPROVING TEACHER SALARIES.— 

22 ‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.— 

23 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In this subsection: 

24 ‘‘(i) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENT PERCENT25 AGE.—The term ‘annual adjustment perVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:55 Mar 24, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S766.IS S766

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1 centage’, with respect to a fiscal year, 

2 means a percentage equal to the estimated 

3 percentage change in the Consumer Price 

4 Index, as determined by the Secretary, for 

5 the most recent calendar year ending prior 

6 to the beginning of such fiscal year. 

7 ‘‘(ii) ANNUAL BASE SALARY.—The 

8 term ‘annual base salary’— 

9 ‘‘(I) means the base salary, cal10 culated as an annual rate of pay, of a 

11 full-time teacher; and 

12 ‘‘(II) excludes— 

13 ‘‘(aa) any additional com14 pensation earned by the teacher 

15 for taking on additional respon16 sibilities (such as coaching or 

17 teaching during the summer or 

18 after school); and 

19 ‘‘(bb) bonuses, stipends, and 

20 awards. 

21 ‘‘(iii) CONSUMER PRICE INDEX.—The 

22 term ‘Consumer Price Index’ has the 

23 meaning given the term in section 478(f) 

24 of the Higher Education Act of 1965. 


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1 ‘‘(iv) MINIMUM SALARY FOR TEACH2 ERS.—The term ‘minimum salary for 

3 teachers’ means an amount, determined by 

4 the State, that all full-time teachers em5 ployed by a local educational agency are, at 

6 a minimum, required by the State to be 

7 compensated by such agency as their an8 nual base salary, and which— 

9 ‘‘(I) for teachers in their first 

10 year of teaching, shall be an annual 

11 rate of pay that is not less than the 

12 amount described in subparagraph 

13 (B); and 

14 ‘‘(II) for teachers with more than 

15 one year of experience, shall be an an16 nual rate of pay that— 

17 ‘‘(aa) is greater than the 

18 amount described in subpara19 graph (B); and 

20 ‘‘(bb) increases on an an21 nual basis, as the experience of a 

22 teacher increases. 

23 ‘‘(v) TEACHER.—The term ‘teacher’ 

24 means— 


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1 ‘‘(I) an employee of a local edu2 cational agency— 

3 ‘‘(aa) with a primary duty of 

4 teaching and who is employed 

5 and engaged in teaching in a 

6 public elementary school or sec7 ondary school served by such 

8 agency; 

9 ‘‘(bb) who fully meets all ap10 plicable public elementary school 

11 or secondary school teacher cer12 tification and licensure require13 ments of the State in which the 

14 school is located; and 

15 ‘‘(cc) if the teacher is a spe16 cial education teacher, who meets 

17 the qualifications described in 

18 section 612(a)(14)(C) of the In19 dividuals with Disabilities Edu20 cation Act; and 

21 ‘‘(II) other full-time public ele22 mentary school or secondary school 

23 personnel employed by a local edu24 cational agency whose annual base 

25 salary is determined in accordance 


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1 with such agency’s salary schedule or 

2 system for a full-time teacher. 

3 ‘‘(B) SPECIAL RULE.— 

4 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal 

5 year, the amount described in subpara6 graph (A)(iv)(I) shall be determined under 

7 this subparagraph. 

8 ‘‘(ii) FISCAL YEARS 2024 THROUGH

9 2028.—For each of fiscal years 2024 

10 through 2028, the amount described in 

11 subparagraph (A)(iv)(I) is $60,000. 

12 ‘‘(iii) FISCAL YEARS 2029 AND

13 AFTER.— 

14 ‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—For the fiscal 

15 year period 2029 through 2033 and 

16 for each subsequent 5 fiscal year pe17 riod, the amount described in sub18 paragraph (A)(iv)(I) shall be adjusted 

19 for inflation as described in subclause 

20 (II). 

21 ‘‘(II) DETERMINATION.—The 

22 amount shall be equal to the amount 

23 applicable for the previous 5 fiscal 

24 year period, increased by the greater 

25 of— 


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1 ‘‘(aa) the aggregate annual 

2 adjustment percentage over the 

3 previous 5 fiscal years; or 

4 ‘‘(bb) 2 percent of the 

5 amount applicable under this 

6 subparagraph for the previous 5 

7 fiscal year period. 

8 ‘‘(2) IMPROVING TEACHER SALARIES.— 

9 ‘‘(A) MINIMUM SALARY FOR TEACHERS.— 

10 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to para11 graphs (3) and (4), a State that receives 

12 assistance under this part shall ensure that 

13 the annual base salary of a full-time teach14 er employed by a local educational agency 

15 in the State is not less than the minimum 

16 salary for teachers determined by such 

17 State. 

18 ‘‘(ii) COMPLIANCE.—To comply with 

19 clause (i), a State shall adopt one or more 

20 of the following laws or policies, under 

21 which no full-time teacher shall receive an 

22 annual base salary that is less than the 

23 minimum salary for teachers: 

24 ‘‘(I) A statewide minimum an25 nual base salary schedule for teachers 


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1 that increases as the experience of a 

2 teacher increases. 

3 ‘‘(II) A statewide minimum an4 nual base salary for teachers who are 

5 in their first year of teaching. 

6 ‘‘(III) A State law to increase 

7 salaries for teachers. 

8 ‘‘(B) LIVABLE AND COMPETITIVE SALA9 RIES FOR TEACHERS.—Subject to paragraphs 

10 (3) and (4), a State that receives assistance 

11 under this part shall demonstrate that all 

12 teachers employed by local educational agencies 

13 in the State are compensated with a livable and 

14 competitive salary for teachers, which shall be 

15 an amount that— 

16 ‘‘(i) is at least the minimum salary for 

17 teachers; 

18 ‘‘(ii) increases throughout each teach19 er’s career; and 

20 ‘‘(iii) is at least commensurate with 

21 annual salaries for college-educated and 

22 experienced professionals in the region in 

23 which such agencies are located, as deter24 mined in accordance with procedures and 

25 requirements established by the Secretary. 


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1 ‘‘(C) DISPARITIES IN PER-PUPIL EXPENDI2 TURES.—Not less frequently than every 5 

3 years, a State that receives assistance under 

4 this part shall examine and address fiscal in5 equities among schools and local educational 

6 agencies in the State, including by working with 

7 the Governor, members of the State legislature 

8 and State board of education (if the State has 

9 a State board of education), local educational 

10 agencies that serve schools in the quartile de11 scribed in clause (i), and the public, to— 

12 ‘‘(i) identify the quartile of schools 

13 serving the greatest number and percent14 age of students from low-income back15 grounds; 

16 ‘‘(ii) identify the average per-pupil ex17 penditure of the quartile of local edu18 cational agencies with the greatest per19 pupil expenditures in the State; and 

20 ‘‘(iii) implement State and local ac21 tions to increase per-pupil expenditures at 

22 schools described in clause (i) to an 

23 amount that is not less than the average 

24 per-pupil expenditure described in clause 

25 (ii). 


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1 ‘‘(3) TIMING.— 

2 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 

3 subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall ensure 

4 that, not later than 4 years after the date of 

5 implementation of the final regulations issued 

6 in accordance with section 5 of the Pay Teach7 ers Act, each State that receives assistance 

8 under this part meets the teacher salary re9 quirements described in subparagraphs (A) and 

10 (B) of paragraph (2). 

11 ‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—A State, if eligible, 

12 may request and be approved by the Secretary 

13 to participate in the Teacher Salary Improve14 ment pathway described in paragraph (4) that 

15 provides an extended timeline to comply with 

16 the teacher salary requirements described in 

17 subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2). 

18 ‘‘(4) TEACHER SALARY IMPROVEMENT PATH19 WAY.— 

20 ‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

21 ‘‘(i) AVERAGE TEACHER SALARY

22 BASELINES.—The term ‘average teacher 

23 salary baselines’ means, for each of the fol24 lowing years of service as teachers, the av25 erage annual base salaries of all full-time 


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•S 766 IS

1 teachers employed by local educational 

2 agencies in the State: 

3 ‘‘(I) 0 years, or starting teacher 

4 salaries. 

5 ‘‘(II) 3 years. 

6 ‘‘(III) 5 years. 

7 ‘‘(IV) 10 years. 

8 ‘‘(V) 15 years. 

9 ‘‘(VI) 20 years. 

10 ‘‘(VII) 25 years. 

11 ‘‘(ii) ELIGIBLE IMPROVEMENT

12 STATE.—The term ‘eligible improvement 

13 State’ means a State— 

14 ‘‘(I) that had an annual starting 

15 statewide teacher salary average that 

16 was less than $45,000 in fiscal year 

17 2023; 

18 ‘‘(II) in which 50 percent or 

19 more of the teachers employed by 

20 local educational agencies in the State 

21 did not receive an annual base salary 

22 of $60,000 or more in fiscal year 

23 2023; and 

24 ‘‘(III) that demonstrates to the 

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•S 766 IS

1 tended timeline to comply with the 

2 teacher salary requirements described 

3 in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 

4 paragraph (2), and with respect to 

5 which the Secretary determines that 

6 providing such State with an extended 

7 timeline would be equitable due to— 

8 ‘‘(aa) exceptional or uncon9 trollable circumstances, such as a 

10 natural disaster or a change in 

11 the organizational structure of 

12 the State; or 

13 ‘‘(bb) a precipitous decline 

14 in the financial resources of the 

15 State. 

16 ‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—A State educational 

17 agency, on behalf of an eligible improvement 

18 State, that desires to participate in the Teacher 

19 Salary Improvement pathway and needs an ex20 tended timeline to comply with the teacher sal21 ary requirements described in subparagraphs 

22 (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) shall submit a re23 quest to the Secretary to participate in the 

24 Teacher Salary Improvement pathway, which 

25 shall include a plan to increase teacher salaries 


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1 that, at a minimum, includes each of the fol2 lowing: 

3 ‘‘(i) An identification, with respect to 

4 the average teacher salary baselines, of the 

5 statewide average and the average in each 

6 local educational agency in the State, and 

7 an assurance that the State will— 

8 ‘‘(I) make such information pub9 licly available on the State educational 

10 agency’s website; and 

11 ‘‘(II) update that information on 

12 an annual basis. 

13 ‘‘(ii) A timeline, consistent with the 

14 goals required under clause (iii), to ensure 

15 that, not later than 6 years after the re16 ceipt of approval to participate in the 

17 Teacher Salary Improvement pathway 

18 under this paragraph— 

19 ‘‘(I) all teachers employed by 

20 local educational agencies operating in 

21 the State are paid not less than the 

22 minimum salary for teachers; and 

23 ‘‘(II) all teachers employed by 

24 local educational agencies operating in 

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•S 766 IS

1 able and competitive salary, in accord2 ance with the requirements of para3 graph (2)(B). 

4 ‘‘(iii) For each fiscal year in the 

5 timeline specified in clause (ii), statewide 

6 annual goals for increasing average teacher 

7 salary baselines in a manner that— 

8 ‘‘(I) annually proposes a percent9 age increase in the average teacher 

10 salary baselines, disaggregated by 

11 each period of service described in 

12 subparagraph (A)(i); 

13 ‘‘(II) provides for the first in14 crease to occur not later than 2 fiscal 

15 years after the receipt of approval to 

16 participate in the Teacher Salary Im17 provement pathway; and 

18 ‘‘(III) makes significant progress 

19 toward ensuring that teachers are 

20 paid an annual base salary in accord21 ance with the requirements specified 

22 in subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (ii) 

23 by the end of the timeline described in 

24 such clause. 


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1 ‘‘(iv) A description of the State’s plan 

2 to require all local educational agencies in 

3 the State, for any fiscal year in which an 

4 agency does not pay their teachers the 

5 minimum salary for teachers, to— 

6 ‘‘(I) at a minimum, increase the 

7 salaries of the teachers employed by 

8 such agency in accordance with the 

9 statewide annual goals established in 

10 clause (iii) for that fiscal year; and 

11 ‘‘(II) ensure those increases in 

12 salaries required under subclause (I) 

13 are aligned with the livable and com14 petitive salary requirements described 

15 in paragraph (2)(B). 

16 ‘‘(v) An identification of the number 

17 of teachers employed by local educational 

18 agencies in the State who earn less than 

19 the minimum salary for teachers, 

20 disaggregated by each period of service de21 scribed in subparagraph (A)(i), across the 

22 State and employed by each local edu23 cational agency. 

24 ‘‘(vi) A description of the State’s plan 

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1 creasing salaries or wages for teachers, 

2 paraprofessionals, specialized instructional 

3 support personnel, classified school employ4 ees, principals, other school leaders, school 

5 librarians, school bus drivers, and other 

6 staff across their careers, including 

7 through providing increased resources to 

8 local educational agencies. 

9 ‘‘(vii) A description of how the State 

10 will meet the requirements described in 

11 subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 

12 (2) without— 

13 ‘‘(I) increasing the average class 

14 sizes or student to full-time equivalent 

15 teacher ratios; 

16 ‘‘(II) reducing planning time; 

17 ‘‘(III) or requiring teachers to 

18 teach additional classes at the State, 

19 local educational agency, or school 

20 level. 

21 ‘‘(viii) A description of how the State 

22 will meet the equitable distribution require23 ment under subsection (g)(1)(B) during 

24 the period of the State’s participation in 

25 the Teacher Salary Pay Improvement 


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1 pathway and after the State exits the path2 way. 

3 ‘‘(C) PUBLIC COMMENT.—A State edu4 cational agency that submits an extension re5 quest to participate in the Teacher Salary Im6 provement pathway under this paragraph 

7 shall— 

8 ‘‘(i) provide the public and any inter9 ested local educational agency in the State 

10 with notice and a reasonable and easily ac11 cessible opportunity to comment and pro12 vide input on the request; 

13 ‘‘(ii) submit a summary of the com14 ments to the Secretary, with a description 

15 of how the State addressed the comments, 

16 and make such summary with description 

17 publicly available on the website of the 

18 State educational agency; and 

19 ‘‘(iii) provide notice and a reasonable 

20 time to comment to the public and local 

21 educational agencies. 

22 ‘‘(D) DURATION AND REPEAT REQUESTS

23 TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TEACHER SALARY IM24 PROVEMENT PATHWAY.— 


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1 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—A request ap2 proved by the Secretary under this para3 graph may be for a period of not more 

4 than 6 years. 

5 ‘‘(ii) REVISING GOALS.—If a State 

6 demonstrates to the Secretary that such 

7 State is making substantial progress in 

8 meeting its statewide annual goals de9 scribed in subparagraph (B)(iii) and dem10 onstrates the need for additional flexibility 

11 to revise such goals to continue to make 

12 substantial progress in reaching the re13 quirements described in subclauses (I) and 

14 (II) of subparagraph (B)(ii), such State 

15 may, not earlier than 3 years after such 

16 State’s request to participate in the Teach17 er Salary Improvement pathway was ap18 proved by the Secretary, revise their state19 wide annual goals described in subpara20 graph (B)(iii) if the Secretary determines 

21 such revisions will help the State continue 

22 to make significant progress in meeting 

23 such requirements. 

24 ‘‘(iii) SUBSEQUENT REQUESTS TO

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•S 766 IS

1 PROVEMENT PATHWAY.—A State edu2 cational agency that wishes to receive an 

3 additional approval to participate in the 

4 Teacher Salary Improvement pathway 

5 under this paragraph shall submit a new 

6 request, in accordance with the require7 ments of subparagraphs (B) and (C), if 

8 the State demonstrates that the initial re9 quest has been effective in enabling the 

10 State to increase teacher salaries in a man11 ner that made significant progress in 

12 reaching the requirements described in 

13 subclauses (I) and (II) of subparagraph 

14 (B)(ii). 

15 ‘‘(E) DETERMINATIONS AND REVISION.— 

16 ‘‘(i) DETERMINATIONS.—The Sec17 retary shall issue a written determination 

18 regarding the initial approval or dis19 approval of a request to participate in the 

20 Teacher Salary Improvement pathway not 

21 more than 120 days after the date on 

22 which such request is submitted. Initial 

23 disapproval of such request shall be based 

24 on the determination of the Secretary 

25 that— 


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•S 766 IS

1 ‘‘(I) the request does not meet 

2 the requirements of this paragraph; or 

3 ‘‘(II) the State’s plan to increase 

4 teacher salaries under subparagraph 

5 (B) is not designed to make signifi6 cant progress within a reasonable 

7 timeline to ensure that— 

8 ‘‘(aa) all teachers employed 

9 by local educational agencies in 

10 the State are paid not less than 

11 the minimum salary for teachers; 

12 and 

13 ‘‘(bb) all teachers employed 

14 by local educational agencies in 

15 the State are compensated with a 

16 livable and competitive salary, in 

17 accordance with the requirements 

18 in paragraph (2)(B). 

19 ‘‘(ii) REVISION AND DISAPPROVAL.— 

20 The Secretary shall act on requests to par21 ticipate in the Teacher Salary Improve22 ment pathway under this paragraph in a 

23 manner that is similar to the actions of the 

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•S 766 IS

1 approval under subparagraphs (B) and (C) 

2 of section 8401(b)(4). 

3 ‘‘(F) REPORTS.—For each fiscal year for 

4 which a State educational agency participates in 

5 the Teacher Salary Improvement pathway 

6 under this paragraph, such agency shall prepare 

7 and submit an annual report to the Secretary, 

8 which shall include— 

9 ‘‘(i) updated average teacher salary 

10 baselines for that fiscal year, disaggregated 

11 by the statewide average and the average 

12 in each local educational agency in the 

13 State; 

14 ‘‘(ii) a description of how the State 

15 and local educational agencies in the State 

16 increased the average teacher salary base17 lines in a manner consistent with the state18 wide annual goals for the corresponding 

19 fiscal year, as described in subparagraph 

20 (B)(iii); 

21 ‘‘(iii) a description that includes— 

22 ‘‘(I) updated data on the number 

23 of teachers employed by local edu24 cational agencies in the State who 

25 earn less than the minimum salary for 


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•S 766 IS

1 teachers, disaggregated by each period 

2 of service described in subparagraph 

3 (A)(i), across the State and employed 

4 by each local educational agency; 

5 ‘‘(II) the identification of local 

6 educational agencies that have in7 creased the number of teachers who 

8 earn less than the minimum salary for 

9 teachers; and 

10 ‘‘(III) the actions the State edu11 cational agency will take in the next 

12 fiscal year to support local educational 

13 agencies described in subclause (II) in 

14 decreasing the number of teachers 

15 employed by such agencies who earn 

16 less than the minimum salary for 

17 teachers; 

18 ‘‘(iv) a description of actions taken by 

19 the State to increase the State’s per-pupil 

20 expenditures or the aggregate expenditures 

21 of the State with respect to the provision 

22 of free public education in the State, in a 

23 manner that— 

24 ‘‘(I) supports local educational 

25 agencies in increasing salaries or 


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1 wages for teachers, paraprofessionals, 

2 specialized instructional support per3 sonnel, classified school employees, 

4 principals, other school leaders, school 

5 librarians, school bus drivers, and 

6 other staff across their careers, in7 cluding through providing increased 

8 resources to local educational agen9 cies; and 

10 ‘‘(II) does not— 

11 ‘‘(aa) increase average class 

12 sizes or student to full-time 

13 equivalent teacher ratios at the 

14 State, local educational agency, 

15 or school level; 

16 ‘‘(bb) reduce planning time; 

17 or 

18 ‘‘(cc) require teachers to 

19 teach additional classes; and 

20 ‘‘(v) a description of how the State 

21 improved the equitable distribution of 

22 teachers in such fiscal year, as required 

23 under subsection (g)(1)(B). 

24 ‘‘(5) RULES.— 


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•S 766 IS

1 ‘‘(A) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR COL2 LECTIVE BARGAINING.— 

3 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 

4 (ii), nothing in this subsection shall be con5 strued to alter or otherwise affect the 

6 rights, remedies, and procedures afforded 

7 to school or local educational agency em8 ployees under Federal, State, or local laws 

9 (including applicable regulations or court 

10 orders) or under the terms of collective 

11 bargaining agreements, memoranda of un12 derstanding, or other agreements between 

13 such employers and their employees. 

14 ‘‘(ii) COMPLIANCE.—Clause (i) shall 

15 not be construed to exempt a State, local 

16 educational agency, or school from com17 plying with this subsection or from negoti18 ating in compliance with State labor laws 

19 to comply with this subsection. 

20 ‘‘(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR ADDI21 TIONAL PAY OR OTHER SALARY AUGMENTING

22 SYSTEMS.—Nothing in this subsection shall be 

23 construed to prevent States or local educational 

24 agencies from supplementing the annual base 


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•S 766 IS

1 salary of teachers or other staff employed by 

2 such agencies— 

3 ‘‘(i) for additional skills, knowledge, 

4 duties, and responsibilities; 

5 ‘‘(ii) by salary systems that increase 

6 teachers’ compensation through supple7 mental pay that is not part of an annual 

8 base salary; or 

9 ‘‘(iii) through the provision of bo10 nuses, stipends, or awards. 

11 ‘‘(C) NO WAIVER AUTHORITY.—Section 

12 8401 shall not apply to this subsection.’’; and 

13 (3) in subsection (h)(5)— 

14 (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

15 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

16 (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 

17 subparagraph (G); and 

18 (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 

19 the following: 

20 ‘‘(D) data that demonstrates the State met 

21 the requirements specified in subparagraphs 

22 (A) and (B) of subsection (i)(2), or an assur23 ance that the State submitted the annual report 

24 described in subsection (i)(4)(F); 


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1 ‘‘(E) a description of the evidenced-based 

2 strategies the State implemented to— 

3 ‘‘(i) reduce the number and percent4 age of teachers and paraprofessionals 

5 teaching without full certification and li6 censure, overall and in schools served by 

7 local educational agencies that serve high 

8 numbers or percentages of students who 

9 are from low-income backgrounds, students 

10 who are racial and ethnic minorities, chil11 dren with disabilities, or English learners; 

12 and 

13 ‘‘(ii) meet the equitable distribution of 

14 teachers requirements specified in sub15 section (g)(1)(B);’’. 

16 SEC. 203. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT THE EQUI17 TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF IN-FIELD, EXPERI18 ENCED, AND EFFECTIVE TEACHERS. 

19 (a) STATE PLANS.—Section 1111 of the Elementary 

20 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311) 

21 is amended— 

22 (1) in subsection (g)— 

23 (A) in paragraph (1)(B)— 

24 (i) by striking ‘‘low-income and minor25 ity children’’ and inserting ‘‘students who 


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•S 766 IS

1 are from low-income backgrounds, students 

2 who are racial and ethnic minorities, chil3 dren with disabilities, or English learners’’; 

4 and 

5 (ii) by striking ‘‘enrolled in schools as6 sisted under this part’’ and inserting ‘‘en7 rolled in schools served by local educational 

8 agencies operating in the State’’; and 

9 (B) in paragraph (2)(J), by striking ‘‘, in10 cluding any requirements for certification ob11 tained through alternative routes to certifi12 cation’’ and inserting ‘‘and the State edu13 cational agency will implement evidenced-based 

14 strategies to reduce the number and percentage 

15 of teachers and paraprofessionals teaching with16 out full certification and licensure overall and in 

17 schools served by local educational agencies that 

18 serve high numbers or percentages of students 

19 who are from low-income backgrounds, students 

20 who are racial and ethnic minorities, children 

21 with disabilities, or English learners’’; and 

22 (2) in subsection (h)— 

23 (A) in paragraph (1)(C)(ix)— 


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1 (i) in subclause (I), by inserting 

2 ‘‘(meaning with less than 2 years of serv3 ice)’’ after ‘‘inexperienced’’; 

4 (ii) in subclause (II), by striking 

5 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

6 (iii) in subclause (III), by striking the 

7 period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 

8 and 

9 (iv) by adding at the end the fol10 lowing: 

11 ‘‘(IV) teachers providing lan12 guage instruction to English learners 

13 who meet the criteria described in 

14 subclauses (I) through (III), 

15 disaggregated by such criteria.’’; and 

16 (B) in paragraph (5)(G), as redesignated 

17 by section 202(3)(B)— 

18 (i) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘(mean19 ing teachers with less than 2 years of serv20 ice)’’ after ‘‘Inexperienced teachers’’; and 

21 (ii) by inserting after clause (iii) the 

22 following: 

23 ‘‘(iv) Teachers providing language in24 struction to English learners who meet the 


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•S 766 IS

1 criteria described in clauses (i) through 

2 (iii), disaggregated by such criteria.’’. 

3 (b) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY PLANS.—Section 

4 1112 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

5 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6312) is amended— 

6 (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘low-in7 come students and minority students’’ and inserting 

8 ‘‘students who are from low-income backgrounds, 

9 students who are racial and ethnic minorities, chil10 dren with disabilities, or English learners’’; 

11 (2) in subsection (c)(6), by striking ‘‘, including 

12 any requirements for certification obtained through 

13 alternative routes to certification’’ and inserting 

14 ‘‘and that the local educational agency will imple15 ment evidenced-based and research-based strategies 

16 to reduce the number and percentage of teachers 

17 and paraprofessionals teaching without full certifi18 cation and licensure overall and in schools served by 

19 local educational agencies that serve high numbers 

20 or percentages of students who are from low-income 

21 backgrounds, students who are racial and ethnic mi22 norities, children with disabilities, or English learn23 ers’’; and 

24 (3) in subsection (e)(1)(A)(i)(I), by inserting 

25 ‘‘the full’’ after ‘‘has met’’. 


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1 (c) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT THE EQUI2 TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS.— 

3 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subpart 2 of part F of title 

4 VIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

5 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7901 et seq.) is amended by 

6 adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 8549D. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT THE 

8 EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS. 

9 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To ensure that students who are 

10 racial and ethnic minorities, students from low-income 

11 backgrounds, students who are children with disabilities, 

12 and English learners are not served at disproportionate 

13 rates by out-of-field, inexperienced, and ineffective teach14 ers, including ensuring that teachers have the adequate 

15 supports they need to be effective, the Secretary shall— 

16 ‘‘(1) provide technical assistance to— 

17 ‘‘(A) increase support to States and local 

18 educational agencies for such purposes; and 

19 ‘‘(B) monitor the progress of States and 

20 local educational agencies in meeting equitable 

21 distribution of teachers requirements specified 

22 in subsection (g)(1)(B) of section 1111 and 

23 monitoring reporting required under subsection 

24 (h)(1)(C)(ix) of such section; and 


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1 ‘‘(2) award grants under this section to support 

2 State educational agencies and local educational 

3 agencies in improving their data systems to effec4 tively collect and analyze information related to edu5 cator quality. 

6 ‘‘(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 years 

7 after the date of enactment of the Pay Teachers Act, and 

8 each subsequent second fiscal year, the Secretary shall 

9 prepare and submit to the Committee on Health, Edu10 cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Com11 mittee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 

12 Representatives a report regarding— 

13 ‘‘(1) State and local educational agency efforts 

14 and progress toward meeting the equitable distribu15 tion requirements under subsection (g)(1)(B) of sec16 tion 1111 and ensuring compliance with reporting 

17 required under subsection (h)(1)(C)(ix) of such sec18 tion; and 

19 ‘‘(2) actions taken by the Secretary to monitor 

20 compliance in accordance with subsection (a)(2). 

21 ‘‘(c) MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to 

22 amounts otherwise available, there are appropriated, out 

23 of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 

24 to the Secretary to provide technical assistance described 


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•S 766 IS

1 in subsection (a) and carry out reporting requirements in 

2 subsection (b)— 

3 ‘‘(1) for fiscal year 2024, $3,000,000; and 

4 ‘‘(2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

5 appropriated under this subsection for the preceding 

6 fiscal year, increased by the annual adjustment per7 centage. 

8 ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

9 ‘‘(1) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENT PERCENTAGE.— 

10 The term ‘annual adjustment percentage’, with re11 spect to appropriations made under this section for 

12 a fiscal year, means a percentage equal to the esti13 mated percentage change in the Consumer Price 

14 Index, as determined by the Secretary, for the most 

15 recent calendar year ending prior to the beginning of 

16 such fiscal year. 

17 ‘‘(2) CONSUMER PRICE INDEX.—The term 

18 ‘Consumer Price Index’ has the meaning given the 

19 term in section 478(f) of the Higher Education Act 

20 of 1965.’’. 

21 (2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con22 tents in section 2 of the Elementary and Secondary 

23 Education Act of 1965 is amended by inserting after 

24 the item relating to section 8549C the following new 

25 item: 


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•S 766 IS

‘‘Sec. 8549D. Technical assistance to support the equitable distribution of 

teachers.’’. 

1 SEC. 204. IMPROVING RESOURCE EQUITY AT SCHOOLS 

2 IDENTIFIED FOR IMPROVEMENT. 

3 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of the amendments 

4 made under subsection (b) to help ensure that sufficient 

5 funds are available to meet the requirements of this Act, 

6 including the amendments made by this Act. 

7 (b) AMENDMENT.—Section 1111(d) of the Elemen8 tary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

9 6311(d)) is amended— 

10 (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(iv), by striking ‘‘re11 source inequities, which may’’ and inserting ‘‘and 

12 proposes a plan to mitigate resource inequities and 

13 to increase educational opportunities, including the 

14 equitable access to qualified teachers as described in 

15 paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(J) of subsection (g), and 

16 section 1112(b)(2), for students enrolled in such 

17 school, which shall’’; 

18 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

19 (A) in subparagraph (B)— 

20 (i) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

21 after the semicolon; 

22 (ii) in clause (v), by striking the pe23 riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 


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•S 766 IS

1 (iii) by adding at the end the fol2 lowing: 

3 ‘‘(vi) identifies and proposes a plan to 

4 mitigate resource inequities and to increase 

5 educational opportunities, including the eq6 uitable access to qualified teachers as de7 scribed in paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(J) of 

8 subsection (g), and section 1112(b)(2), for 

9 students enrolled in such school, which 

10 shall include a review of local educational 

11 agency and school-level budgeting, to be 

12 addressed through implementation of such 

13 targeted support and improvement plan.’’; 

14 and 

15 (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

16 ‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘shall’’; and 

17 (3) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), by inserting ‘‘, in18 cluding the equitable access to qualified teachers as 

19 described in paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(J) of sub20 section (g) and section 1112(b)(2),’’ after ‘‘periodi21 cally review resource allocation’’. 

22 SEC. 205. STRENGTHENING PER-PUPIL EXPENDITURE RE23 PORTING. 

24 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of the amendments 

25 made under this section to help ensure sufficient funds 


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1 are available to meet the requirements of this Act, includ2 ing the amendments made by this Act. 

3 (b) STATE REPORTS.—Section 1111(h)(5) of the Ele4 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

5 6311(h)(5)) is amended by inserting after subparagraph 

6 (E), as redesignated by section 202(3)(B), the following: 

7 ‘‘(F) the per-pupil expenditures of Federal, 

8 State, and local funds, including actual per9 sonnel expenditures and actual nonpersonnel ex10 penditures of Federal, State, and local funds, 

11 disaggregated by source of funds, for each local 

12 educational agency and each school in the State 

13 for the preceding fiscal year, in accordance with 

14 paragraph (1)(C)(x); and’’. 

15 (c) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY PLANS.—Section 

16 1112(e)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

17 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6312(e)(1)) is amended by adding 

18 at the end the following: 

19 ‘‘(C) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE EQUITY IN20 FORMATION.—Schools served by a local edu21 cational agency that receives assistance under 

22 this part shall provide to each individual parent 

23 of a child who is a student in such school infor24 mation on resource equity, including— 


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1 ‘‘(i) the per-pupil expenditures of Fed2 eral, State, and local funds, in both the 

3 school in which such parent’s child is en4 rolled and in the local educational agency 

5 that serves such school, in accordance with 

6 section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x); and 

7 ‘‘(ii) whether the school-level per-pupil 

8 expenditures of the school in which such 

9 parent’s child is enrolled and the local edu10 cational agency that serves such school are 

11 below the average of the local educational 

12 agency and State, respectively.’’. 

13 SEC. 206. MAINTENANCE OF EQUITY. 

14 (a) MAINTENANCE OF EQUITY.—Section 1118 of the 

15 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

16 U.S.C. 6321) is amended by adding at the end the fol17 lowing: 

18 ‘‘(e) STATE MAINTENANCE OF EQUITY.— 

19 ‘‘(1) FISCAL YEARS WITH REDUCTIONS TO

20 STATE AID.—A State that reduced, for the preceding 

21 fiscal year, on a per-pupil basis, State funds for a 

22 fiscal year shall satisfactorily demonstrate to the 

23 Secretary that the State did not reduce State fund24 ing (as calculated on a per-pupil basis) for— 


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1 ‘‘(A) any high-need local educational agen2 cy in the State by an amount that exceeds the 

3 overall per-pupil reduction in State funds, if 

4 any, for all local educational agencies in such 

5 State for such fiscal year; or 

6 ‘‘(B) any highest poverty local educational 

7 agency below the level of funding (as calculated 

8 on a per-pupil basis) provided to that local edu9 cational agency for such previous fiscal year. 

10 ‘‘(2) FISCAL YEARS WITHOUT REDUCTIONS TO

11 STATE AID.—A State educational agency receiving 

12 funds under this part for a fiscal year for which the 

13 State did not reduce per-pupil spending from State 

14 funds shall satisfactorily demonstrate to the Sec15 retary that, for the preceding fiscal year, the State 

16 did not reduce State funding (as calculated on a per17 pupil basis) for any highest poverty local educational 

18 agency or any high-need local educational agency by 

19 any amount. 

20 ‘‘(3) DE MINIMIS REDUCTION.—For purposes of 

21 paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may disregard 

22 a de minimis reduction in State funding to a local 

23 educational agency as the Secretary finds appro24 priate, including for those local educational agen25 cies— 


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1 ‘‘(A) with small enrollments that exhibit 

2 annual variation in per-pupil funding based pri3 marily on their size; or 

4 ‘‘(B) that exhibit variation in per-pupil 

5 funding based on a State funding formula that 

6 accounts for the special cost differentials for 

7 certain student populations. 

8 ‘‘(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

9 ‘‘(A) HIGHEST POVERTY LOCAL EDU10 CATIONAL AGENCY.—The term ‘highest poverty 

11 local educational agency’ means a local edu12 cational agency that is among the group of local 

13 educational agencies in the State that— 

14 ‘‘(i) in rank order, have the highest 

15 percentages of economically disadvantaged 

16 students in the State, on the basis of the 

17 most recent satisfactory data available 

18 from the Department of Commerce (or, for 

19 local educational agencies for which no 

20 such data are available, such other data as 

21 the Secretary determines are satisfactory); 

22 and 

23 ‘‘(ii) collectively serve not less than 20 

24 percent of the State’s total enrollment of 


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1 students served by all local educational 

2 agencies in the State. 

3 ‘‘(B) HIGH-NEED LOCAL EDUCATIONAL

4 AGENCY.—The term ‘high-need local edu5 cational agency’ means a local educational 

6 agency that is among the group of local edu7 cational agencies in the State that— 

8 ‘‘(i) in rank order, have the highest 

9 percentages of economically disadvantaged 

10 students in the State, on the basis of the 

11 most recent satisfactory data available 

12 from the Department of Commerce (or, for 

13 local educational agencies for which no 

14 such data are available, such other data as 

15 the Secretary of Education determines are 

16 satisfactory); and 

17 ‘‘(ii) collectively serve not less than 50 

18 percent of the State’s total enrollment of 

19 students served by all local educational 

20 agencies in the State. 

21 ‘‘(C) OVERALL PER-PUPIL REDUCTION IN

22 STATE FUNDS.—The term ‘overall per-pupil re23 duction in State funds’ means, with respect to 

24 a fiscal year— 


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1 ‘‘(i) the amount of any reduction in 

2 the total amount of State funds provided 

3 to all local educational agencies in the 

4 State for that fiscal year compared to the 

5 total amount of State funds provided to all 

6 local educational agencies in the State for 

7 the preceding fiscal year; divided by 

8 ‘‘(ii) the aggregate number of children 

9 enrolled in all schools served by all local 

10 educational agencies in the State in the fis11 cal year for which the determination is 

12 being made. 

13 ‘‘(D) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means 

14 each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, 

15 and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.’’. 

16 (b) NO WAIVER.—Section 8401(c) of the Elementary 

17 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

18 7861(c)) is amended by inserting ‘‘or maintenance of eq19 uity, including section 1118(e)’’ before the semicolon at 

20 the end. 

21 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

22 subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect on October 1, 

23 2023. 


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1 SEC. 207. STATE ADMINISTRATION. 

2 Section 1004 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu3 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6304) is amended— 

4 (1) in subsection (a)— 

5 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

6 by striking ‘‘subsection (b)’’ and inserting ‘‘sub7 sections (b) and (c)’’; and 

8 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking 

9 ‘‘$400,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$1,200,000’’; and 

10 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

11 ‘‘(c) RESERVATION FOR STATE FISCAL AND RE12 SOURCE ADEQUACY AND EQUITY.—In addition to any 

13 amounts reserved under subsection (a), each State receiv14 ing assistance under part A shall reserve not more than 

15 0.5 percent of funds received under such part to carry out 

16 1 or more of the following activities: 

17 ‘‘(1) Monitor implementation of section 1111(i). 

18 ‘‘(2) Support State public school funding and 

19 resource adequacy and equity commissions, or com20 prehensive reviews of State public school finance sys21 tems, that— 

22 ‘‘(A) are carried out with significant and 

23 meaningful family and community engagement, 

24 including with— 

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1 grounds, students who are racial and eth2 nic minorities, English learners, children 

3 with disabilities, students experiencing 

4 homelessness, children and youth in the 

5 foster care system, and other vulnerable 

6 and underserved children; 

7 ‘‘(ii) teachers, classified school em8 ployees, principals, and other school lead9 ers; 

10 ‘‘(iii) local educational agencies; 

11 ‘‘(iv) parents and families; 

12 ‘‘(v) civil rights organizations in the 

13 State; and 

14 ‘‘(vi) school finance experts, which 

15 may include researchers from institutions 

16 of higher education; 

17 ‘‘(B) identify State and local funding and 

18 educational opportunity gaps in fiscal and re19 source adequacy and equity— 

20 ‘‘(i) among all local educational agen21 cies in the State; and 

22 ‘‘(ii) for each local educational agency 

23 in the State, across all schools served by 

24 such agency; and 


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1 ‘‘(C) develop action plans to address exist2 ing gaps in fiscal and resource adequacy and 

3 equity identified under subparagraph (B), with 

4 involvement from the stakeholders described in 

5 clauses (i) through (vi) of subparagraph (A). 

6 ‘‘(3) Support the provision of technical assist7 ance, which may be provided by school finance ex8 perts, regarding the public school finance systems, 

9 including developing and implementing more ade10 quate and equitable approaches to State education 

11 funding and resource allocation. 

12 ‘‘(4) Support and expand public transparency 

13 about public school finance systems.’’. 

14 SEC. 208. NATIONAL ACADEMIES STUDY TO IMPROVE 

15 ESEA’S RESOURCE EQUITY REQUIREMENTS. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 240 days after the 

17 date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter 

18 into an agreement with the National Academies of 

19 Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to— 

20 (1) conduct a study of how to improve Federal 

21 requirements designed to ensure that public schools 

22 and local educational agencies that serve a high 

23 number or percentage of underserved groups of stu24 dents, including students from low-income back25 grounds, students of color, English learners, children 


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1 with disabilities, students experiencing homelessness, 

2 and children and youth in the foster care system, re3 ceive an adequate and equitable share of State and 

4 local funds; and 

5 (2) make the report described in subsection (c) 

6 publicly available. 

7 (b) ELEMENTS.—The study described in subsection 

8 (a) shall— 

9 (1) examine disparities in per-pupil expendi10 tures (from State and local funding) and in full-time 

11 equivalent staff between public schools receiving sup12 port under part A of title I of the Elementary and 

13 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311 

14 et seq.) and public schools not receiving support 

15 under such part; 

16 (2) identify options for improving the fiscal re17 quirements for purposes of comparability as de18 scribed in section 1118(c) of the Elementary and 

19 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

20 6321(c)); 

21 (3) identify options for improving the supple22 ment, not supplant requirements under section 

23 1118(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu24 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6321(b)); and 


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1 (4) include recommendations for effective or 

2 evidence-based Federal and State policies designed 

3 to ensure that public schools and local educational 

4 agencies that serve a high number or percentage of 

5 underserved groups of students receive an equitable 

6 share of funds, including recommendations relating 

7 to the equitable and adequate distribution of funds 

8 at the State and local levels. 

9 (c) REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the date 

10 of the agreement entered into under subsection (a), the 

11 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi12 cine shall submit to the Secretary, the Committee on 

13 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, 

14 and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of 

15 the House of Representatives a report of the study re16 quired under such subsection. 

17 (d) MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to 

18 amounts otherwise available, there is appropriated, out of 

19 any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 

20 $1,500,000 to the Secretary to carry out this section for 

21 fiscal year 2024. 


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1 TITLE III—INVESTING IN THE 

2 TEACHING PROFESSION 

3 SEC. 301. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE TEACH4 ER QUALITY PARTNERSHIPS AND GROW 

5 YOUR OWN PROGRAMS. 

6 (a) TEACHER QUALITY PARTNERSHIPS PROGRAM

7 APPROPRIATED.—In addition to amounts otherwise avail8 able, there are appropriated, out of any money in the 

9 Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Secretary to 

10 carry out part A of title II of the Higher Education Act 

11 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1022 et seq.)— 

12 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $550,000,000; 

13 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

14 appropriated under this subsection for the preceding 

15 fiscal year, increased by the annual adjustment per16 centage. 

17 (b) PRIORITY.—In carrying out part A of title II of 

18 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1022 et 

19 seq.) with funds provided under subsection (a), the Sec20 retary shall prioritize the use of funds to establish or ex21 pand high-quality teacher residencies or Grow Your Own 

22 programs as described in subsection (e) or (f) of section 

23 202 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1022(a)). 


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1 (c) GROW YOUR OWN PROGRAMS AUTHORIZED.— 

2 Section 202 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 

3 U.S.C. 1022a) is amended— 

4 (1) in subsection (b)(6)— 

5 (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘sub6 section (d) or (e)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection 

7 (d), (e), or (f)’’; and 

8 (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘sub9 section (f) or (g)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (g) 

10 or (h)’’; 

11 (2) in subsection (c)— 

12 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘, or a 

13 combination of such programs’’ and inserting 

14 ‘‘or a Grow Your Own program under sub15 section (f), or a combination of the programs 

16 described in this paragraph’’; and 

17 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘sub18 section (f)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (g)’’; 

19 (3) by redesignating subsections (f) through (k) 

20 as subsections (g) through (l), respectively; 

21 (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol22 lowing: 

23 ‘‘(f) PARTNERSHIP GRANTS FOR THE ESTABLISH24 MENT OF GROW YOUR OWN PROGRAMS.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible partnership that 

2 receives a grant to carry out a Grow Your Own pro3 gram shall carry out an effective Grow Your Own 

4 program to address shortages of teachers in high5 need subjects, fields, schools, and geographic areas, 

6 or shortages of school leaders in high-need schools, 

7 and to increase the diversity of qualified individuals 

8 entering the teacher, principal, or other school leader 

9 workforce. 

10 ‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS OF A GROW YOUR OWN

11 PROGRAM.—In addition to carrying out each of the 

12 activities described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of 

13 subsection (d), an eligible partnership carrying out a 

14 Grow Your Own program under this subsection 

15 shall— 

16 ‘‘(A) provide opportunities for candidates 

17 to practice and develop teaching or school lead18 ership skills that integrate knowledge from edu19 cation coursework through, at a minimum, a 

20 year-long, school-based, paid clinical experience 

21 in which candidates teach or lead alongside an 

22 expert mentor teacher or school leader, who is 

23 the teacher or school leader of record, in the 

24 same local educational agency in which the can25 didates expect to work; 


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1 ‘‘(B) provide academic and nonacademic 

2 wrap-around supports and services, including 

3 advising, tutoring, test preparation, and finan4 cial assistance (which may include scholarships 

5 or stipends), to candidates as they— 

6 ‘‘(i) complete an associate degree pro7 gram (if such program is in furtherance of 

8 a baccalaureate degree), baccalaureate de9 gree program, or master’s degree program, 

10 as applicable; 

11 ‘‘(ii) enter and complete teacher or 

12 school leadership preparation programs; 

13 ‘‘(iii) access and complete State licen14 sure or certification examinations; and 

15 ‘‘(iv) engage in school-based clinical 

16 placements described in subparagraph (A); 

17 ‘‘(C) include efforts to recruit individuals 

18 with experience in high-need subjects or fields 

19 who are not certified to teach or lead, with a 

20 specific focus on recruiting individuals— 

21 ‘‘(i) who are other staff employed by 

22 local educational agencies, including para23 professionals; 

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1 lege high school programs and studying to 

2 become teachers; 

3 ‘‘(iii) from groups or populations that 

4 are underrepresented; and 

5 ‘‘(iv) who live in and come from the 

6 communities the schools serve; and 

7 ‘‘(D) require candidates to complete all 

8 State requirements to become fully certified or 

9 licensed.’’; and 

10 (5) in subsection (h), as redesignated by para11 graph (3), by striking ‘‘the activities described in 

12 subsection (d) or (e), or both’’ and inserting ‘‘activi13 ties described in subsection (d), (e), or (f)’’. 

14 SEC. 302. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE AUGUS15 TUS F. HAWKINS CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE 

16 PROGRAM. 

17 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are 

18 appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other19 wise appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out the Au20 gustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence program author21 ized under section 242 of the Higher Education Act of 

22 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1033a)— 

23 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $150,000,000; and 

24 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

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1 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per2 centage. 

3 SEC. 303. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR PERSONNEL 

4 DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVE SERVICES AND 

5 RESULTS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES 

6 UNDER PART D OF IDEA. 

7 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are 

8 appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other9 wise appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out the pro10 gram authorized under section 662 of the Individuals with 

11 Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1462)— 

12 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $300,000,000; and 

13 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

14 appropriated under this section for the preceding fis15 cal year, increased by the annual adjustment per16 centage. 

17 SEC. 304. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE SUP18 PORTING EFFECTIVE EDUCATOR DEVELOP19 MENT PROGRAM. 

20 (a) APPROPRIATION.—In addition to amounts other21 wise available, there are appropriated, out of any money 

22 in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Sec23 retary to carry out the Supporting Effective Educator De24 velopment program authorized under section 2242 of the 


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1 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

2 U.S.C. 6672)— 

3 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $100,000,000; and 

4 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

5 appropriated under this subsection for the preceding 

6 fiscal year, increased by the annual adjustment per7 centage. 

8 (b) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under the Sup9 porting Effective Educator Development program author10 ized under section 2242 of the Elementary and Secondary 

11 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6672) with funds made 

12 available under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give pri13 ority to eligible entities that— 

14 (1) are partnerships that include— 

15 (A)(i) 1 or more institutions of higher edu16 cation described in section 2242(f)(1) of such 

17 Act; or 

18 (ii) 1 or more national nonprofit entities 

19 described in section 2242(f)(2) of such Act; and 

20 (B)(i) 1 or more State educational agen21 cies; or 

22 (ii) 1 or more local educational agencies; 

23 and 

24 (2) in the application submitted under section 

25 2242(c) of such Act, describe how such funds will be 


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1 used to develop teacher leadership and professional 

2 expertise by providing teachers, principals, or other 

3 school leaders with opportunities to— 

4 (A) earn additional in-demand certifi5 cations and credentials, including National 

6 Board certification and certifications or creden7 tials in high-need subjects and fields, such as 

8 special education, bilingual education, science, 

9 technology, engineering, mathematics, and ca10 reer and technical education; 

11 (B) serve as mentors; 

12 (C) participate in distributed leadership or 

13 school-based clinical models; or 

14 (D) learn and teach other teachers how to 

15 conduct student inquiries, including through ac16 tion research and the effective use of student 

17 data to strengthen teaching and learning. 

18 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 2242(f)(4) 

19 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 

20 (20 U.S.C. 6672(f)(4)) is amended by striking ‘‘entity’’ 

21 and inserting ‘‘entity, a State educational agency, a local 

22 educational agency, or a consortium of State educational 

23 agencies or local educational agencies’’. 


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1 SEC. 305. MANDATORY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE TEACH2 ER AND SCHOOL LEADER INCENTIVE PRO3 GRAM TO SUPPORT CONTINUED TEACHER 

4 GROWTH AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO STUDENT 

5 LEARNING. 

6 (a) APPROPRIATION.—In addition to amounts other7 wise available, there are appropriated, out of any money 

8 in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Sec9 retary to carry out the Teacher and School Leader Incen10 tive program authorized under subpart 1 of part B of title 

11 II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

12 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6631 et seq.)— 

13 (1) for fiscal year 2024, $200,000,000; and 

14 (2) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 

15 appropriated under this subsection for the preceding 

16 fiscal year, increased by the annual adjustment per17 centage. 

18 (b) SPECIAL REQUIREMENT.—For purposes of any 

19 grants awarded under subpart 1 of part B of title II of 

20 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

21 U.S.C. 6631 et seq.) with funds made available under sub22 section (a), the Secretary shall deem the term ‘‘perform23 ance-based compensation system’’ to only mean a system 

24 of compensation for teachers, principals, or other school 

25 leaders that recognizes skills and knowledge in the manner 


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1 described in section 2211(b)(4)(B)(ii) of such Act (20 

2 U.S.C. 6631(b)(4)(B)(ii)). 

Æ 


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