FAA-S-8081-30

U.S. Department with Changes 1, 2, and 3

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration

SPORT PILOT

Practical Test Standards 

for

• Airship 

• Balloon 

• Flight Instructor

December 2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591
SPORT PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
FAA-S-8081-30

NOTE 

Material in FAA-S-8081-30 will be effective December 1, 2004. 
FAA-S-8081-30

Record of Changes 

Change 1—6/9/2006

1. Deleted the additional category/class matrix; applicants for 

an additional category/class privileges must take a 

complete practical test. 

2. Added the requirement for a heading indicating system to 

page 9, as appropriate, for all tasks that require 

demonstration of skill within a heading tolerance. 

3. Added weather elements for inadvertent entry into IMC on 

pages 1-2 and 2-2. 

4. Deleted the ATC light signal requirements from airport 

operations page 1-10 and 2-9. 

5. Added proficiency check materials to flight instructor 

characteristics and responsibilities page 3-15. 

6. Created category specific examiner/instructor checklists for 

the flight instructor with a sport pilot rating pages 3-xx to 

replace the flight instructor matrix. 

7. Deleted the flight instructor matrixes. See above.

Change 2—1/12/2007

1. Page 3-17. Task C: Federal Aviation Regulations and 

Publications, Element 2, changed “airplane flight manuals” 

to “airship/balloon flight manuals.” 

Change 3—2/22/08 

1. Page 1-1: I (Preflight Preparation) A (Certificates and 

Documents) Objective (determining applicant knowledge of 

elements relating to certificates and documents by locating 

and explaining), added “Airship Flight Manual/POH.” 

2. Global in Section 2—Balloon references: changed “AFM” to 

“Balloon Flight Manual.” 

3. Global in section 2 References: where “Balloon Flight 

Manual” was not followed by “/POH”, “/POH” was added. 

4. Page 3-17: References under Task C: changed “AFM” to 

Aircraft Flight Manual. 

5. Page 3-19: References: changed “AFT” to “Airship/Balloon 

Flight Manual.” 
FOREWORD

The Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards for Airship, Balloon, and Flight 

Instructor has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

to establish the standards for the knowledge and skills necessary for the 

issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate. 

FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners shall conduct practical 

tests in compliance with these standards. Flight Instructors and 

Commercial Lighter-Than-Air pilots shall conduct instruction and 

proficiency checks in accordance with these standards. Flight instructors 

and applicants should find these standards helpful during training and 

when preparing for the practical test or proficiency check. 

/s/ 12-20-2004 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division 

Flight Standards Service 

FAA-S-8081-30
i FAA-S-8081-30

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 

General Information .....................................................................1 

Practical Test Standards Concept ...............................................2 

Practical Test Book Description ...................................................2 

Practical Test Standards Description...........................................3 

Abbreviations ..............................................................................4 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ...................................5 

Special Emphasis Areas ..............................................................6 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Initial) .........................7 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Registered 

Ultra-Light Pilots)..........................................................................7 

Sport Pilot—Additional Privileges ................................................8 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test/ 

Proficiency Check ........................................................................9 

Single-Seat Aircraft Practical Test ...............................................9 

Single-Seat Aircraft Proficiency Check ......................................10 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ...................................................11 

Examiner Responsibility.............................................................12 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance .................12 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot-Unsatisfactory Performance .............13 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance 

When Adding an Additional Category/Class..............................14 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot-Unsatisfactory Performance 

When Adding an Additional Category/Class..............................14 

Single-Pilot Resource Management ..........................................15 

Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................15 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests or Proficiency 

Checks .....................................................................................15 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................16 

Letter of Discontinuance ............................................................16 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............16 

Section 1—SPORT PILOT AIRSHIP 

CONTENTS ............................................................................1-i 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 1-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist..........................................1-v 
FAA-S-8081-30 ii

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION........................................... 1-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................... 1-7 

III AIRPORT OPERATIONS............................................... 1-10 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS............. 1-12 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS.................................... 1-15 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 1-17 

VII. NAVIGATION.................................................................. 1-18 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 1-20 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES....................................... 1-23 

Section 2—SPORT PILOT BALLOON 

CONTENTS ............................................................................2-i 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist.......................................... 2-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................2-v 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION........................................... 2-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................... 2-6 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS................................................. 2-9 

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS........................................ 2-10 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS.................................... 2-13 

VI. NAVIGATION.................................................................. 2-16 

VII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 2-17 

VIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES....................................... 2-19 

SECTION 3—SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

CONTENTS ............................................................................3-i 

CHECKLISTS

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist.......................................... 3-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Airship...........................................................3-v 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Airship..........................................................3-ix 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Balloon....................................................... 3-xiii 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Balloon....................................................... 3-xvi 
iii FAA-S-8081-30

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description ..................3-1 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section...........................................3-2 

Special Emphasis Areas ...........................................................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial .....................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges...................................................................................3-5 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges—Registered Ultra-Light Instructor............................3-6 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ..................................................3-6 

Examiner Responsibility............................................................3-7 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification 

Check—Satisfactory Performance............................................3-8 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification 

Check—Unsatisfactory Performance........................................3-9 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance When 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-10 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance When 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-11 

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor 

Certificate ................................................................................3-11 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING ...........................3-13 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS .....................................3-16 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

PERFORMED IN FLIGHT...............................................3-19 
1 FAA-S-8081-30

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard that shall 

be used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners (DPEs) 

when conducting sport pilot and flight instructor with a sport pilot rating 

practical tests or proficiency checks. 

The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either 

the FAA inspector or an FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts 

an official practical test or proficiency check. When an examiner 

conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an 

authorized instructor. 

A proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and 

flight proficiency in accordance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (14 CFR) part 61, section 61.321 or 61.419. A proficiency 

check shall be administered using the appropriate practical test standard 

(PTS) for the category of aircraft when a pilot or a flight instructor adds 

new category/class privileges. Upon successful completion of the 

proficiency check the authorized instructor will endorse the applicant’s 

logbook indicating the added category/class of equipment that the 

applicant is authorized to operate. When an examiner conducts a 

proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an authorized 

instructor.

DPEs must have designation authority to conduct sport pilot initial 

evaluations (Sport Pilot Examiner (SPE)) and flight instructor with a sport 

pilot rating initial evaluations (Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Examiner 

(SFIE)) per FAA Order 8710.7, Sport Pilot Examiner’s Handbook. 

Authorized instructors and commercial lighter-than-air pilots shall use this 

PTS when preparing applicants for practical tests or proficiency checks 

and when conducting proficiency checks. Applicants should be familiar with 

this book and refer to these standards during their training. 

Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical 

test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are 

mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as 

“should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, 

but not mandatory. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many individuals and organizations throughout the aviation community 

who contributed their time and talent in assisting with the development 

of this practical test standard. 
FAA-S-8081-30 2

This PTS may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, 

U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, 

or from http://bookstore.gpo.gov. This PTS is also available for download, 

in pdf format, from the Flight Standards Service web site at www.faa.gov. 

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 

Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. BOX 25082, 

Oklahoma City, OK 73125 publishes this PTS. Comments regarding 

this PTS should be sent, in e-mail form, to AFS630comments@faa.gov. 

Practical Test Standards Concept 

14 CFR part 61 specifies the AREAS OF OPERATION in which 

knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before the 

issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or privileges. The CFRs provide the 

flexibility to permit the FAA to publish practical test standards containing 

the AREAS OF OPERATION and specific TASKs in which pilot 

competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA shall revise this practical 

test standard whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the 

interest of safety. Adherence to the provisions of the regulations 

and the practical test standards is mandatory for practical tests 

and proficiency checks. 

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards: 

Section 1—Airship 

Section 2—Balloon 

Section 3—Flight Instructor (The flight instructor section contains a 

separate introduction in section 3.) 

The Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards include the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial Sport Pilot 

Certificate and for the addition of sport pilot category/class privileges. It 

also contains information on how to obtain an initial Flight Instructor 

Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for the addition of flight instructor 

category/class privileges. 
3 FAA-S-8081-30

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Practical Test Standards Description 

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test or proficiency 

check arranged in a logical sequence within each standard. They begin 

with Preflight Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The 

examiner may conduct the practical test or proficiency check in any 

sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test. An authorized 

instructor may conduct a proficiency check in any sequence that will 

result in a complete and efficient test. However, the ground portion of 

the practical test or proficiency check shall be accomplished 

before the flight portion. 

TASKs are specific knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for reference if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, 

and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and 

Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards Certification 

14 CFR part 71 Designation of class A, B, C, D, and E airspace 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making 

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilot and Flight Instructors and 

 Ground Instructors 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight Into Terrain 

Awareness 

AC 90-23 Aircraft Wake Turbulence 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 
FAA-S-8081-30 4

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

Practices for Aeronautical Operations At 

Airports Without Operating Control Towers 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-9 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen 

Other Pilot Operating Handbook/ 

 FAA-Approved Flight Manual 

 Aeronautical Navigation Charts 

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; 

3. acceptable performance standards; and 

4. safety considerations, when applicable. 

Abbreviations 

 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

 AC Advisory Circular 

 ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

 AFD Airport Facility Directory 

 AFSS Automated Flight Service Station 

 AGL Above Ground Level 

 AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

ASOS Automated Surface Observing System 

 ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 

 CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

CRM Cockpit Resource Management 

CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency 

 FA Area Weather Forecast 

 FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

 GPO Government Printing Office 

 IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 

 METAR Meteorological Aviation Report (Routine) 

 NOTAM Notices to Airmen 

 NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

 PPC Powered Parachute 
5 FAA-S-8081-30

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

 POH Pilot Operating Handbook 

 PTS Practical Test Standard 

 RPM Revolutions per Minute 

 SS Single-seat 

 SUA Special Use Airspace 

 TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast 

 TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

 VFR Visual Flight Rules 

 WSC Weight-shift Controlled 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book 

The FAA requires that all sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor 

practical tests and proficiency checks are conducted in accordance with 

the appropriate sport pilot practical test standards and the policies set 

forth in this INTRODUCTION. Applicants shall be evaluated in ALL 

TASKs included in each AREA OF OPERATION of the appropriate 

practical test standard, unless otherwise noted. 

An applicant, who holds at least a Sport Pilot Certificate seeking 

additional aircraft category/class privileges at the sport pilot level, must 

be evaluated in all the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs listed in 

the PTS. 

In preparation for each practical test or proficiency check, the examineror authorized instructor shall develop a written “plan of action.” The 

“plan of action” shall include all TASKs in each AREA OF OPERATION, 

unless noted otherwise. If the elements in one TASK have already been 

evaluated in another TASK, they need not be repeated. 

For example, the “plan of action” need not include evaluating the 

applicant on complying with markings and signals at the end of the 

flight, if that element was sufficiently observed at the beginning of the 

flight. Any TASK selected for evaluation during a practical test or 

proficiency check shall be evaluated in its entirety. Exception: 

examiners evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground shall 

evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed 

from the ground. 

The examiner or authorized instructor is not required to follow the 

precise order in which the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear 

in this book. The examiner or authorized instructor may change the 

sequence or combine TASKs with similar Objectives to have an orderly 

and efficient flow of the practical test or proficiency check events. 
FAA-S-8081-30 6

The examiner’s or authorized instructor’s “plan of action” shall include 

the order and combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the 

applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner or authorized instructor is expected to use good judgment 

in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the 

safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to 

local conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at the time of 

the test, as well as the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the 

aircraft used during the practical test or proficiency check. If the 

procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected 

that the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners and authorized instructors shall place special emphasis 

upon areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. 

Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls; 

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance; 

6. runway incursion avoidance; 

7. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

8. aeronautical decision making/risk management; 

9. checklist usage; 

10. spatial disorientation; 

11. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

12. special use airspace (SUA); 

13. aviation security; and 

14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test or proficiency check. In all instances, the applicant’s 

actions will be evaluated in accordance to the standards of the TASKs 

and the ability to use good judgment with reference to the special 

emphasis areas listed above.
7 FAA-S-8081-30

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Initial) 

An applicant for a Sport Pilot Certificate is required by 14 CFR part 61 

to: 

1. be at least 17 years of age (or 16 if applying to operate a glider 

or balloon); 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards; 

3. have passed the appropriate sport pilot knowledge test since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or 

she takes a practical test; 

4. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed; 

5. possess a current and valid U.S. driver’s license or a valid 

Airman Medical Certificate issued under 14 CFR part 67; 

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has received and logged training time within 

60 days preceding the date of application in preparation for the 

practical test, and is prepared for the practical test; and 

7. have an endorsement certifying that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Registered Ultra-Light 

Pilots) 

If you are a registered ultra-light pilot with an FAA-recognized ultra-light 

organization on or before September 1, 2004, and you want to apply for 

a Sport Pilot Certificate, then you must, not later than January 31, 2007 

(14 CFR part 61, section 61.329): 

1. meet the eligibility requirements in 14 CFR part 61, sections 

61.305 and 61.23, but not the aeronautical knowledge 

requirements specified in section 61.309, the flight proficiency 

requirements specified in section 61.311, and the aeronautical 

experience requirements specified in section 61.313; 

2. pass the knowledge test for a Sport Pilot Certificate specified in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.307 or the knowledge test for a 

Flight Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating specified in 

section 61.405; 

3. pass the practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate specified in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.307; 
FAA-S-8081-30 8

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

4. provide the FAA with a certified copy of your ultra-light pilot 

records from an FAA-recognized ultra-light organization, and 

those records must— 

a. document that you are a registered ultra-light pilot with that 

FAA-recognized ultra-light organization; and 

b. indicate that you are recognized to operate each category 

and class of aircraft for which you seek sport pilot privileges. 

Sport Pilot—Additional Privileges 

If you hold a Sport Pilot Certificate or higher and seek to operate an 

additional category or class of light-sport aircraft (14 CFR part 61, 

section 61.321), you must: 

1. receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor 

who trained you on the applicable aeronautical knowledge 

areas specified in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.309 and areas of 

operation specified in section 61.311. The endorsement certifies 

you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency 

requirements for the additional light-sport aircraft privileges you 

seek; 

2. successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized 

instructor other than the one who trained you on the 

aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified 

in 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.309 and 61.311 for the additional 

light-sport aircraft privilege you seek; 

3. complete an application for those privileges on a form in a 

manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to 

the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check 

specified in above paragraph; 

4. receive a logbook endorsement from the instructor who 

conducted the proficiency check specified in 2 above, certifying 

you are proficient in the applicable areas of operation and 

aeronautical knowledge areas and that you are authorized for 

the additional category and class light-sport aircraft privilege. 
9 FAA-S-8081-30

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test/Proficiency 

Check 

The applicant for a Sport Pilot Certificate is required in accordance with 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45, to provide an aircraft that has a current 

airworthiness certificate and is in a condition for safe flight, for use 

during the practical test or proficiency check. This section further 

requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, 

class, and type, if applicable, for the certificate or privileges for 

which the applicant is applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45(c), (e), and (f); and 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION 

appropriate to the privileges sought and have no operating 

limitations, which prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF 

OPERATION required for the practical test or proficiency check. 

4. have an altitude, airspeed, and a heading indicating system, as 

appropriate, for all tasks that require demonstration of skill 

within an altitude/airspeed/heading tolerance. 

The aircraft utilized for sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor 

practical tests and proficiency checks must be a light-sport 

aircraft as defined in 14 CFR part 1. 

Single-Seat Aircraft Practical Test 

Applicants for a Sport Pilot Certificate may elect to take their test in a 

single-seat aircraft. The FAA established in 14 CFR part 61, section 

61.45(f) specific requirements to allow a practical test for a Sport Pilot 

Certificate only. This provision does not allow a practical test for a Flight 

Instructor Certificate or Recreation Pilot Certificate or higher to be 

conducted in a light-sport aircraft that has a single-pilot seat. 

With certain limitations, the practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate 

may be conducted from the ground by an examiner. The examiner must 

agree to conduct the practical test in a single-seat aircraft and must 

ensure that the practical test is conducted in accordance with the sport 

pilot practical test standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all 

TASKs applicable to their category/class of aircraft will be evaluated 

orally. Single-seat sport pilots shall demonstrate competency in those 

specific TASKs identified by a NOTE in the AREA OF OPERATION for 

a single-seat practical test and any other TASKs selected by the 

examiner. Examiners evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground 

shall evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately 

assessed from the ground. 
FAA-S-8081-30 10

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

The examiner must maintain radio contact with the applicant and be 

in a position to observe the operation of the aircraft while evaluating the 

proficiency of the applicant from the ground. 

Sport pilots taking the practical test in a single-seat aircraft will have the 

limitation “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot seat aircraft 

only” placed on their certificate, per 61.45(f)(3), limiting their operations 

to a single-seat light-sport aircraft and no passenger carriage will be 

authorized. 

Only an examiner is authorized to remove this limitation when the sport 

pilot takes a practical test in a two-place light-sport aircraft. This 

practical test may be conducted in the same or additional category of 

aircraft. 

Upon successful completion of the practical test, the limitation will be 

removed, and the sport pilot is authorized to act as pilot in command in 

all categories of light-sport aircraft that he or she has a make and model 

endorsement within a set of aircraft to operate. The limitation can also 

be removed if the sport pilot completes the certification requirements in 

an aircraft with a minimum of two places, for a higher certificate or 

rating. 

Single-Seat Aircraft Proficiency Check 

Sport pilot proficiency checks may by preformed in a single-seat 

aircraft. The FAA believes it is appropriate for an instructor to perform a 

proficiency check for an additional category or privilege in accordance 

with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321, to be added to a Sport Pilot 

Certificate or higher using a single-seat light-sport aircraft, providing the 

authorized instructor is an examiner. When an examiner conducts a 

proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an authorized 

instructor. 

The authorized instructor must agree to conduct the practical test in a 

single-seat light-sport aircraft and must ensure that the proficiency 

check is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot practical test 

standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all TASKs applicable to 

the category or class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. Those pilots 

seeking sport pilot privileges in a single-seat light-sport aircraft shall 

demonstrate competency in those specific TASKs identified by a NOTE 

in the AREA OF OPERATION for a single-seat proficiency check and 

any other TASKs selected by the authorized instructor. Authorized 

instructors evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground shall 

evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed 

from the ground. 
11 FAA-S-8081-30

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

The authorized instructor must have radio contact and be in a 

position to observe the operation of the light-sport aircraft and 

evaluate the proficiency of the applicant from the ground. 

On successful completion of a proficiency check, the authorized 

instructor will issue an endorsement with the following limitation “No 

passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot seat aircraft only (add 

category/class/make and model)” limiting his or her operations to a 

single-seat aircraft in this category, class, make, and model. The 

authorized instructor must sign this endorsement with his or her flight 

instructor and examiner number. 

This limitation can be removed by successfully completing a complete 

proficiency check, in a two-seat light-sport aircraft in that specific 

category and class, in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321. 

This proficiency check must be conducted in the same category and 

class of light-sport aircraft. Upon successful completion of the proficiency 

check, the applicant will be given an endorsement for the aircraft 

privilege sought. 

Those recreational pilots or higher exercising sport pilot privileges will 

be required to have an endorsement for only the category and/or class 

of light-sport aircraft they are now authorized to act as pilot in 

command. A sport pilot will be required to have an endorsement for the 

category, class, make, and model within a set of aircraft in which he or 

she is now authorized to act as pilot in command. 

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

sport pilot applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each 

AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate sport pilot practical test 

standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, 

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. 

Throughout the applicant’s training, the flight instructor is responsible 

for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and 

collision avoidance procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-30 12

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test or authorized instructor

conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the 

applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of 

each TASK within each appropriate AREA OF OPERATION. Since 

there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” portions of the 

practical test or proficiency check, this oral portion becomes an ongoing 

process throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the 

applicant’s knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be 

used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the 

practical test or proficiency check. Examiners and authorized instructors 

shall test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant’s correlative 

abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the 

practical test or proficiency check. 

If the examiner or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is 

incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the examiner may require the 

applicant to repeat that TASK, or portions of that TASK. This provision 

has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that 

instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is 

permitted during the certification process. When practical, the remaining 

TASKs of the practical test or proficiency check phase should be 

completed before repeating the questionable TASK. 

The examiner or authorized instructor shall use scenarios when 

applicable to determine that the applicant can use good risk 

management procedures in making aeronautical decisions. Examples 

of TASKs where scenarios would be advantageous are weather 

analysis, performance planning, and runway/landing area selection. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, 

the examiner or authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s 

knowledge and practical incorporation of special emphasis areas. 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance 

Satisfactory performance of TASKs to meet the requirements for sport 

pilot certification are based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION 

for the certificate and privileges sought within the approved 

standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 
13 FAA-S-8081-30

4. demonstrate sound judgment in aeronautical decision making/

risk management; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence in an aircraft with a 

single-pilot seat (if applicable). 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot-Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate. The test may be continued ONLY with the consent 

of the applicant.

If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those 

AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs satisfactorily 

performed. However, during the retest, and at the discretion of the 

examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously 

passed. 

The following are typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and 

grounds for disqualification. 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques 

to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 

When a Notice of Disapproval is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard appropriate 

to the practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF OPERATION/TASK(s) 

not tested and the number of practical test failures shall also be 

recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special 

emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval shall indicate the associated 

TASK. For example, SECTION 1, V. AREA OF OPERATION: 

PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS, TASK B: ASCENTS AND DESCENTS, 

failure to use proper collision avoidance procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-30 14

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance When 

Adding an Additional Category/Class 

Satisfactory performance of TASKs to add category/class privileges is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION 

for the certificate or privileges sought within the approved 

standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 

4. demonstrate sound judgment in aeronautical decision 

making/risk management; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence. 

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to his or her 

Sport Pilot Certificate, the authorized instructor, upon satisfactory 

completion of the proficiency check, shall endorse the applicant’s 

logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to operate the 

additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor 

shall forward FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days. 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot-Unsatisfactory Performance When 

Adding an Additional Category/Class 

When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standards in the 

PTS, the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check shall 

annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11 and 

forward it to Airman Registry within 10 days. A Notice of Disapproval 

will NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be 

provided with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific 

TASKs not meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive 

additional training. 

When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) found deficient during the 

proficiency check, the recommending instructor shall endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant has received additional 

instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency 

check. The applicant shall complete a new FAA Form 8710-11, and the 

recommending instructor shall endorse the application. The authorized 

instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, shall 

evaluate the applicant. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a 
15 FAA-S-8081-30

complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor, shall forward the 

FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days and endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional category/class 

privileges. 

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL 

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are 

being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “... includes all 

other groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in 

decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to: dispatchers, weather briefer, maintenance 

personnel, and air traffic controllers.” Single-pilot Resource Management 

is not a single TASK; it is a set of skill competencies that must be 

evident in all TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to singlepilot operation. 

Applicant’s Use of Checklists 

Throughout the practical test or proficiency check, the applicant is 

evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist (if specified by the 

manufacturer). Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK being 

evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist, while 

accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be either unsafe or 

impractical. In this case, a review of the checklist after the elements 

have been accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention 

and proper visual scanning should be considered when using a 

checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests or Proficiency Checks 

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner or 

authorized instructor shall cause realistic distractions during the flight 

portion of the practical test or proficiency check to evaluate the 

applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight. 
FAA-S-8081-30 16

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight training, there must always be a clear understanding 

between students and flight instructors of who has control of the aircraft. 

Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the 

procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step 

process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven 

procedure and one that is strongly recommended. 

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or 

she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The pilot acknowledges 

immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot says 

again, “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first 

pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to 

verify that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any 

doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness) 

FAA Form 8710-11, and, if applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test 

Report, shall be returned to the applicant. The examiner at that time 

shall prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance to the 

applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and their associated TASKs of the practical test that were 

successfully completed. The applicant shall be advised that the Letter of 

Discontinuance shall be presented to the examiner when the practical 

test is resumed, and made part of the certification file. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

The examiner or authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s 

ability throughout the practical test or proficiency check to use good 

aeronautical decision making procedures in order to evaluate risks. The 

examiner or authorized instructor shall accomplish this requirement by 

developing scenarios that incorporate as many TASKs as possible to 

evaluate the applicants risk management in making safe aeronautical 

decisions. For example, the examiner or authorized instructor may 

develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance 

planning.
SECTION 1 

SPORT PILOT 

AIRSHIP 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-i

SECTION 1—CONTENTS 

SPORT PILOT AIRSHIP 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 1-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist..........................................1-v 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION...........................................1-1 

 A. Certificates and Documents ......................................1-1 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements .....................................1-1 

 C. Weather Information..................................................1-2 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning ..................................1-2 

 E. National Airspace System .........................................1-3 

 F. Operation of Systems................................................1-3 

 G. Aeromedical Factors..................................................1-4 

 H. Performance and Limitations.....................................1-5 

 I. Principles of Flight .....................................................1-6 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...........................................1-7 

A. Preflight Inspection.......................................................1-7 

B. Cockpit Management ...................................................1-7 

C. Engine Starting.............................................................1-8 

D. Unmasting and Positioning for Takeoff........................1-8 

E. Ground Handling..........................................................1-9 

F. Before Takeoff Check ..................................................1-9 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS ...............................................1-10 

 A. Radio Communications ..........................................1-10 

 B. Traffic Patterns ........................................................1-10 

 C. Airport and Runway Markings and Lighting.............1-11 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-ii

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ........... 1-12 

A. Ground Weigh-Off ..................................................... 1-12 

B. Up-Ship Takeoff......................................................... 1-12 

C. Wheel Takeoff ........................................................... 1-13 

D. Approach and Landing .............................................. 1-13 

E. Go-Around................................................................. 1-14 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ................................... 1-15 

A. Straight-and-Level Flight................................................ 1-15 

B. Ascents and Descents ................................................... 1-15 

C. Level Turns.................................................................... 1-15 

D. In-Flight Weigh-Off......................................................... 1-16 

E. Manual Pressure Control............................................... 1-16 

F. Static and Dynamic Trim................................................ 1-16 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 1-17 

A. Rectangular Course .................................................. 1-17 

B. Turns Around a Point ................................................ 1-17 

VII. NAVIGATION ................................................................. 1-18 

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning................................... 1-18 

B. Diversion.................................................................... 1-18 

C. Lost Procedures ........................................................ 1-19 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 1-20 

A. Engine Fire During Flight........................................... 1-20 

B. Envelope Emergencies ............................................. 1-20 

C. Free Ballooning ......................................................... 1-21 

D. Ditching and Emergency Landing ............................. 1-21 

E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions ...................... 1-22 

F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ................ 1-22 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...................................... 1-23 

A. Masting...................................................................... 1-23 

B. Post-Masting.............................................................. 1-23 
Section 1 1-iii FAA-S-8081-30 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER 

EXAMINER’S NAME________________________________ 

LOCATION _______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _______________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration Certificate, 

and Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of Inspections/

Airworthiness Directives/Safety Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Chart 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AFD and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

Certificate and/or Rating—Light Sport 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor’s Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-v

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPLICANT’S NAME _______________________________ 

LOCATION ________________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 H. Performance and Limitations 

 I. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Preflight Inspection 

 B. Cockpit Management 

 C. Engine Starting 

 D. Unmasting and Positioning for Takeoff 

 E. Ground Handling 

 F. Before Takeoff Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport and Runway Markings and Lighting 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

 A. Ground Weigh-Off 

 B. Up-Ship Takeoff 

 C. Wheel Takeoff 

 D. Approach and Landing 

 E. Go-Around 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-vi

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

 A. Straight-and-Level Flight 

 B. Ascents and Descents 

 C. Level Turns 

 D. In-Flight Weigh-Off 

 E. Manual Pressure Control 

 F. Static and Dynamic Trim 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

 A. Rectangular Course 

 B. Turns Around a Point 

VII. NAVIGATION

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Diversion 

 C. Lost Procedures 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Engine Fire During Flight 

 B. Envelope Emergencies 

 C. Free Ballooning 

 D. Ditching and Emergency Landing 

 E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Masting 

 B. Post-masting 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-1

Change 3 (2/22/08) 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-

25; Airship Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. certificate privileges, limitations, and currency experience. 

b. medical eligibility. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, Airship 

Flight Manual/POH, and flight training supplement. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list, as applicable. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating 

Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for sport pilot 

privileges. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining if the aircraft, 

with inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy 

or in a condition for safe flight. 

2. Explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives/safety directives (as applicable to 

the aircraft brought for flight test.) 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate 

record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-2

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-134; FAAH-8083-25, AC 61-84; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time 

weather information appropriate to the specific category/class 

aircraft by consulting the weather reports, charts, and forecasts 

from aeronautical weather reporting sources. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

3. Describes importance of avoiding adverse weather and 

inadvertent entry into instrument meteorological conditions 

(IMC). 

4. Explains courses of action to safely exit from an inadvertent 

IMC encounter. 

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation 

Charts; AFD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country 

flight planning appropriate to the category/class aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions 

and equipment capabilities. 

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and 

communication frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, AFD, and other 

flight publications. 

9. Completes navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-3

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, 

and aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes 

of airspace— 

a. Class B. 

b. Class C. 

c. Class D. 

d. Class E. 

e. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas.

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the light-sport aircraft

provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the 

following systems: 

1. Surface control systems. 

2. Flight instruments and associated controls. 

3. Landing gear. 

4. Engines. 

5. Propellers. 

6. Fuel and oil system. 

7. Electrical system. 

8. Envelope/ballonet pressure systems. 

9. Environmental system. 

10. Avionics and auxiliary equipment. 

11. Any system unique to the airship flown. 

12. Ground support equipment. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-4

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs and over-the-counter medications. 

2. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot 

or passenger in flight. 

3. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-5

H. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; Airship 

Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and 

appropriate data, if available from the manufacturer, to determine 

performance in various phases of flight, including operational 

characteristics and loading, and the adverse effects of 

exceeding limitations. 

2. Computes operating weight, maximum load, and trim condition. 

3. Determines airship performance with regard to— 

a. weight limitations. 

b. static and dynamic lift capability. 

c. effect of superheat on ballonets(s) and percent of fullness. 

d. effect of gas purity and superheat on lift. 

e. temperature and humidity changes on performance and 

lift. 

f. temperature inversion on descents. 

g. leaks in ballonet(s) and envelope. 

h. average ballonet volume with respect to total envelope 

volume and service ceiling. 

i. loss of gross lift when above pressure height. 

j. relationship of ballonet fullness to pressure height. 

4. Determines airship performance, considering the effects of the 

following conditions— 

a. weights and lift (static and dynamic). 

b. relationship of ballonet fullness to pressure height. 

c. superheat on percent of fullness. 

d. average ballonet volume with respect to total envelope 

volume. 

e. loss of gross lift when above pressure height. 

f. leaks in ballonets and envelope. 

g. gas purity on lift. 

h. superheat on lift.

i. maximum rate climb and descent limitations. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-6

I. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements of the principles of flight by describing: 

1. Aerostatics— 

a. physical properties of gases. 

b. laws of Archimedes, Bernoulli, Boyle, and Charles. 

c. application of these laws (pressure height, superheat, 

buoyancy). 

d. lift (gross, net, useful, disposable). 

2. Aerodynamics— 

a. fineness ratio. 

b. aerodynamic pressure. 

c. dynamic lift/drag. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-7

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least 

TASKs A, C, D, and E as applicable to the aircraft. 

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight 

inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, 

the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

defects. 

2. Inspects the airship with reference to the checklist. 

3. Verifies the airship is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and passenger area are 

secured. 

3. Briefs passenger on the use of safety belts and emergency 

procedures. 

4. Organizes essential material and equipment in a logical, 

efficient flow pattern. 

5. Maintains orderly records reflecting progress of the flight, as 

appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-8

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; Airship Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine starting. 

This shall include the use of an external power source and 

starting under various atmospheric conditions, as appropriate. 

2. Observes safety precautions related to starting, considering 

open hangars, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons 

and property on the ramp. 

3. Accomplishes the correct starting procedure including proper 

adjustment of engine controls. 

4. Prevents movement of airship during and after start. 

5. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

D. TASK: UNMASTING AND POSITIONING FOR TAKEOFF 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Briefs ground crew and coordinates hand signals and voice 

commands. 

2. Prevents airship from riding up on the mast. 

3. Ensures proper envelope pressure and trim before coming off 

the mast. 

4. Uses ground crew and airship controls properly to move away 

from the mast and into position for takeoff. 

5. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit so as to avoid 

possible immediate takeoff after coming off the mast. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-9

E. TASK: GROUND HANDLING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground handling, 

appropriate to the airship provided for the practical test. 

2. Determines the required number of crew members, considering 

the weather conditions, the status of the airship, and the 

method of handling. 

3. Briefs the ground crew on all pertinent phases of ground 

handling procedures. 

4. Maintains coordination with the crew chief and the proper use 

of hand signals and voice commands with the crew. 

5. Recognizes undesirable airship movement and takes appropriate 

action. 

6. Maintains proper envelope pressure and trim and alertness for 

wind shifts. 

7. Maintains proper position while controlled by the ground crew. 

F. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

takeoff check. 

2. Positions the airship properly to avoid hazards. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Ensures that engine temperatures and pressures are suitable 

for run-up and takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and confirms that the 

airship is in safe operating condition. 

6. Reviews takeoff performance, wind direction and speed, 

expected takeoff distance, emergency procedures, and the 

departure procedure. 

7. Ensures that the takeoff path is clear of obstacles. 

8. Assures no conflict with traffic prior to takeoff. 

9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-10

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested 

orally for procedures ONLY 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR Part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications at airports without operating control towers. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. 

This shall include operations at controlled and uncontrolled 

airports, runway incursion and collision avoidance, wake 

turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway or landing area to be 

used. 

6. Establishes a final approach at an appropriate distance from 

the runway or landing area. 

7. Maintains the appropriate traffic pattern altitude, ±200 feet. 

8. Maintains airspeed for the current static condition of the 

airship. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-11

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport and 

runway markings, signs and lighting with emphasis on runway 

incursion avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport base markings, signs 

and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-12

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND 

GO-AROUNDS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select all TASKs. 

A. TASK: GROUND WEIGH-OFF 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground weighoff. 

2. Determines the static and trim condition. 

3. Maintains zero inclination and heading into the wind. 

4. Prevents fore-and-aft surge. 

5. Checks weigh-off and trim with neutral elevators when HANDS 

OFF command is given. 

6. Ballasts the airship according to the conditions and type of 

flight contemplated without exceeding the weight limits. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

B. TASK: UP-SHIP TAKEOFF 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an upwind 

takeoff. 

2. Determines heaviness limitations and weather conditions under 

which an up-ship takeoff may be made. 

3. Ensures that sufficient ground crew is available so as to obtain 

adequate upward velocity. 

4. Idles engines and uses the rudder as necessary during weighoff. 

5. Remains within the takeoff heaviness limits. 

6. Uses proper and timely hand signals and voice commands with 

ground crew. 

7. Applies up elevator pressure as ground crew lifts airship and 

transitions to a nose-up attitude keeping tail clear of the 

ground. 

8. Applies power as the airship nears the top of its upward thrust. 

9. Prevents the tail from striking the ground. 

10. Increases airspeed sufficiently to carry the load dynamically. 

11. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-13

C. TASK: WHEEL TAKEOFF 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a wheel takeoff. 

This shall include a wheel takeoff under various degrees of 

heaviness, including maximum heavy conditions. 

2. Determines the approximate takeoff roll and ensures that the 

area is clear and sufficient, considering wind conditions and 

field surface. 

3. Positions the airship to utilize the maximum available takeoff 

area and maintains trim. 

4. Uses the proper hand signals and voice commands with the 

ground crew. 

5. Applies power slowly, in a timely manner. 

6. Attains sufficient airspeed to carry the load dynamically while 

on the wheel. 

7. Uses elevators to assist the airship in lifting dynamically. 

8. Maintains directional control and the proper inclination to keep 

the tail off the ground. 

9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

D. TASK: APPROACH AND LANDING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach and 

landing, including light and heavy airships. 

2. Accomplishes static weigh-off prior to commencing the approach. 

3. Adjusts trim, as necessary, for landing, considering weight and 

condition of air. 

4. Coordinates flight and power controls, as necessary. 

5. Makes smooth and gradual approach maintaining direction and 

angle of descent. 

6. Recognizes and adheres to wave-off signals. 

7. Lands at a speed appropriate for approaching the ground crew. 

8. Reverses thrust, if applicable. 

9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-14

E. TASK: GO-AROUND 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

2. Uses correct procedures for a light or heavy airship, as 

appropriate. 

3. Coordinates use of power and flight controls to effect a smooth 

transition to a climb attitude. 

4. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-15

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least 

TASKs A, B, and C. 

A. TASK: STRAIGHT-AND-LEVEL FLIGHT 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to straight-andlevel flight. 

2. Uses the flight controls in a smooth, coordinated manner with 

minimum pitching and yawing. 

3. Adjusts and maintains dynamic trim. 

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±200 feet and the specified 

heading, ±20°. 

B. TASK: ASCENTS AND DESCENTS 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ascents and 

descents, including limitations. 

2. Ascends and descends while keeping the gas pressure within 

operating limits. 

3. Demonstrates proper pressure control and makes smooth 

altitude changes. 

4. Controls rates of ascent and descent, ±300 feet per minute. 

C. TASK: LEVEL TURNS 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to level turns. 

2. Enters, maintains, and rolls out of level turns with smooth, 

coordinated control application. 

3. Uses elevators and rudders properly to control effects of rolling 

tendency, loss of dynamic lift. 

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±200 feet and rolls out on the 

assigned heading, ±20°. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-16

D. TASK: IN-FLIGHT WEIGH-OFF 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to in-flight weighoff. 

2. Steers the airship into the wind in level flight at a minimum 

altitude of at least 500 feet AGL. 

3. Reduces the power to the specified airspeed and stabilizes the 

airship. 

4. Determines if the airship is being affected by updrafts or 

downdrafts. 

5. Neutralizes the elevator and rudder controls. 

6. Observes the attitude of the airship and pressure differential in 

the ballonets. 

7. Determines trim and static condition. 

8. Adjusts trim properly. 

E. TASK: MANUAL PRESSURE CONTROL 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to manual pressure 

control. 

2. Controls the pressure manually as recommended by the 

manufacturer to a predetermined valve(s) setting. 

3. Monitors operation of pressure valves and system. 

4. Maintains a constant altitude, ±200 feet. 

F. TASK: STATIC AND DYNAMIC TRIM 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to static and 

dynamic trim. 

2. Establishes static trim for various weight conditions. 

3. Establishes dynamic trim for various flight conditions. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-17

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE 

MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one ground reference 

maneuver. 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects a suitable altitude and ground reference. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at traffic pattern altitude, at 

an appropriate distance from the selected reference area. 

4. Applies adequate wind drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between coordinated airship control and the 

ground track. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet. 

B. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects the ground reference point. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 600 feet 

above the ground at an appropriate distance from the reference 

point. 

4. Applies adequate wind drift correction to track a constant 

radius circle around the selected reference point. 

5. Divides attention between airship control and the ground track, 

and maintains coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-18

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and 

dead reckoning. 

2. Follows the preplanned course solely by visual reference to 

landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeed, 

and elapsed time. 

5. Makes a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival 

time, and fuel consumption to the destination. 

6. Corrects for, and records, the differences between preflight 

fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those 

determined en route. 

7. Verifies the airship’s position within 3 nautical miles of the 

flight-planned route at all times. 

8. Arrives at the en route checkpoints or destination within 5 

minutes of the ETA. 

9. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±20°. 

10. Completes all appropriate checklists. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route. 

3. Diverts promptly toward the alternate airport. 

4. Makes a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival 

time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±20°. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-19

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects the best course of action when given a lost situation. 

3. Maintains the original or an appropriate heading and climbs, if 

necessary. 

4. Identifies the nearest concentration of prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an appropriate 

ATC facility for assistance. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-20

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY 

OPERATIONS 

NOTE: These TASKs are knowledge TASKs only. 

A. TASK: ENGINE FIRE DURING FLIGHT 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to engine fire during flight by explaining the 

procedures used for: 

1. Applying full power in an attempt to blow out the fire in the 

affected engine. 

2. Extinguishing the fire. 

3. Shutting down the engine, using the checklist, if the fire 

persists. 

4. Preparing to land at the earliest opportunity. 

B. TASK: ENVELOPE EMERGENCIES 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to envelope emergencies by explaining the 

procedures used for: 

1. A puncture or rip in the gas envelope and/or in a ballonet. 

2. An excessive helium loss. 

3. Rain/icing on the envelope. 

4. Emergency valve operations. 

5. Emergency air-to-helium operations. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-21

C. TASK: FREE BALLOONING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to free ballooning. 

2. Assesses airship static condition and determines ballast needs. 

3. Establishes equilibrium in a timely manner. 

4. Turns off all nonessential electrical equipment. 

5. Determines cause of engine failure and attempts restart. 

6. Selects suitable landing site and establishes communications 

with the crew. 

7. Uses minimum helium valving and ballast dumping during 

descent. 

8. Secures loose equipment. 

9. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist. 

D. TASK: DITCHING AND EMERGENCY LANDING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ditching and 

emergency landing. 

2. Simulates jettisoning ballast, considering potential fire hazard 

when dumping fuel. 

3. Instructs passengers in safety procedures. 

4. Ensures life jackets are on correctly, if ditching. 

5. Secures loose equipment. 

6. Simulates securing all systems to minimize chance of fire or 

other damage. 

7. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 1 1-22

E. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

NOTE: The examiner shall not simulate a system or equipment 

malfunction in a manner that may jeopardize safe flight or result in 

possible damage to the airship. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

indications and pilot actions for various systems and equipment 

malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

airship used for the practical test, in at least three (3) of the 

following areas, if applicable— 

a. Control system/actuator malfunction. 

b. Fuel starvation. 

c. Electrical system malfunction. 

d. Propeller malfunction. 

e. Pressure system malfunction. 

F. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the following 

environmental conditions: 

1. Mountainous terrain. 

2. Large bodies of water. 

3. Desert conditions. 

4. Extreme temperature changes. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-30 1-23

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select all TASKs 

applicable to the aircraft. 

A. TASK: MASTING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to masting. 

2. Maintains coordination with crew chief through use of proper 

hand signals and voice commands. 

3. Remains in control of airspeed and positions airship properly. 

4. Coordinates use of power and flight controls. 

5. Places airship in proper trim and ballast when approaching the 

mast. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

B. TASK: POST-MASTING 

REFERENCE: Airship Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to post-masting, 

appropriate to the airship used for the practical test. 

2. Uses proper engine shutdown procedures. 

3. Complies with equipment requirements for maintaining envelope 

pressure. 

4. Ensures mast security relative to weather conditions. 

5. Gives consideration to weather with the airship on the mast. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
SECTION 2 

SPORT PILOT 

BALLOON 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-i

SECTION 2—CONTENTS 

SPORT PILOT BALLOON 

CHECKLISTS

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 2-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist..........................................2-v 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION...........................................2-1 

 A. Certificates and Documents ......................................2-1 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements .....................................2-1 

 C. Weather Information..................................................2-2 

 D. Flight Planning...........................................................2-2 

 E. National Airspace System .........................................2-3 

 F. Operation of Systems................................................2-3 

 G. Aeromedical Factors..................................................2-4 

 H. Performance and Limitations.....................................2-4 

 I. Principles of Flight .....................................................2-5 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...........................................2-6 

A. Launch Site Selection ..................................................2-6 

B. Crew Briefing and Preparation.....................................2-6 

C. Layout and Assembly...................................................2-7 

D. Preflight Inspection.......................................................2-7 

E. Inflation.........................................................................2-8 

F. Basket/Gondola Management .....................................2-8 

G. Pre-Launch Check .......................................................2-8 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS .................................................2-9 

A. Radio Communications .............................................2-9 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-ii

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS....................................... 2-10 

A. Normal Launch .......................................................... 2-10 

B. Launch Over Obstacle............................................... 2-10 

C. Approach to Landing ................................................. 2-11 

D. Normal Landing ......................................................... 2-11 

E. High-Wind Landing.................................................... 2-12 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ................................... 2-13 

 A. Ascents ....................................................................... 2-13 

 B. Altitude Control (Level Flight)...................................... 2-13 

 C. Descents ..................................................................... 2-13 

 D. Contour Flying............................................................. 2-14 

 E. Obstruction Clearance ................................................ 2-14 

 F. Tethering..................................................................... 2-14 

 G. Winter Flying ............................................................... 2-15 

 H. Mountain Flying........................................................... 2-15 

VI. NAVIGATION ................................................................. 2-16 

 A. Navigation............................................................... 2-16 

VII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 2-17 

A. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions ...................... 2-17 

B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ................ 2-17 

C. Water Landing ........................................................... 2-18 

D. Thermal Flight............................................................ 2-18 

VIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...................................... 2-19 

A. Recovery ................................................................... 2-19 

B. Deflation and Packing ............................................... 2-19 

C. Refueling ................................................................... 2-19 
Section 2 2-iii FAA-S-8081-30 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME _______________________________ 

LOCATION _______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_______________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration Certificate, 

and Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of 

Inspections/_ _Airworthiness Directives/Safety Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM, AFD, and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman Certificate 

and/or Rating—Sport Pilot 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-v

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPLICANT’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION ______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 J. Performance and Limitations 

 K. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Launch Site Selection 

 B. Crew Briefing and Preparation 

 C. Layout and Assembly 

 D. Preflight Inspection 

 E. Inflation 

 F. Basket/Gondola Management 

 G. Pre-launch Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications 

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS

 A. Normal Launch 

 B. Launch Over Obstacle 

 C. Approach to Landing 

 D. Normal Landing 

 E. High-Wind Landing 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-vi

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

 A. Ascents 

 B. Altitude Control (Level Flight) 

 C. Descents 

 D. Contour Flying 

 E. Obstruction Clearance 

 F. Tethering 

 G. Winter Flying 

 H. Mountain Flying 

VI. NAVIGATION

 Navigation 

VII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 C. Water Landing 

 E. Thermal Flight 

VIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Recovery 

 B. Deflation and Packing 

 C. Refueling 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-1

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-

25; Balloon Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. certificate privileges, limitations, and currency requirements. 

b. medical fitness. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

flight manual/POH information. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-11, FAA-H-8083-25; 

Aircraft Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of 

aircraft with inoperative instruments and equipment. 

2. Explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives/safety directives (as applicable to 

the aircraft brought for flight test). 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record 

keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-2

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84, AC 

61-134; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

information appropriate to the specific category/class aircraft by 

consulting the weather reports, charts, and forecasts from 

aeronautical weather reporting sources. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

3. Describes importance of avoiding adverse weather and 

inadvertent entry into instrument meteorological conditions 

(IMC). 

4. Explains courses of action to safely exit from an inadvertent 

IMC encounter. 

D. TASK: FLIGHT PLANNING 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation 

Charts; A/FD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight planning 

appropriate to the aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions 

and equipment capabilities. 

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and 

communication frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, A/FD, and other 

flight publications. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-3

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, 

and aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes 

of airspace— 

a. Class B. 

b. Class C. 

c. Class D. 

d. Class E. 

e. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the light-sport aircraft

provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following 

systems: 

1. Fuel system, burners, pilot lights and associated gauges. 

2. Venting and/or deflation systems. 

3. Flight instruments and gauges. 

4. Avionics/communications system, as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-4

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications. 

2. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot 

or passenger in flight. 

3. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 

H. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-11, FAA-H-8083-25; 

Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the use of appropriate data, if available 

from the manufacturer, to determine performance. This shall 

include operational characteristics and loading, and the adverse 

effects of exceeding limitations. 

2. Computes operating weight, maximum load, and expected 

envelope temperature, as related to maximum envelope 

temperature. 

3. Determines balloon performance, considering density altitude, 

wind, other weather related conditions, and terrain. 

4. Determines normal and maximum rates of ascent and descent, 

and the altitude required to arrest high rates of descent. 

5. Determines envelope temperatures, including never-exceed 

temperature and maximum continuous temperature, if 

appropriate. 

6. Determines whether the computed performance is within the 

balloon’s capabilities and operating limitations. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-5

I. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements of principles of flight by describing: 

1. Physical laws applicable to balloon flight. Laws of Archimedes, 

Bernoulli, Boyle, and Charles. 

2. Effects of changes in temperature, pressure, humidity, and 

altitude on maintaining equilibrium. 

3. Effects of false or uncontrolled lift during takeoff, landing, and 

windshear penetration. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-6

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least 

TASKs A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. 

A. TASK: LAUNCH SITE SELECTION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to launch site 

selection. 

2. Arranges to launch with adequate time to complete the flight 

safely considering wind, weather conditions, and landing sites.

3. Selects a launch site with emphasis on— 

a. suitable landing areas. 

b. airspace considerations. 

c. surface wind and winds aloft. 

d. accessibility. 

e. size and surface condition. 

f. hazards and obstacles in the vicinity of the site. 

4. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision considering all of the 

factors involved in the selection of a safe launch site. 

B. TASK: CREW BRIEFING AND PREPARATION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to crew briefing and 

preparation. 

2. Designates a crew chief, if appropriate, and assigns each 

crewmember specific duties and responsibilities, considering 

the experience level of each crewmember. 

3. Briefs crewmembers in all areas of the flight, including layout 

and assembly; tie-off, if appropriate; inflation; in-flight; landing; 

recovery; and emergency procedures. 

4. Establishes a common means of communication, such as hand 

signals and/or two-way radio. 

5. Describes the proposed direction of flight and the estimated 

time aloft. 

6. Ensures that all necessary equipment is on board. 

7. Supervises and coordinates all activities. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-7

C. TASK: LAYOUT AND ASSEMBLY 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to layout and 

assembly. 

2. Positions balloon properly, considering wind conditions and 

obstacles. 

3. Checks fuel system for security, leaks, and correct fuel 

pressure. 

4. Uses tie-off, if appropriate. 

5. Assembles balloon as appropriate. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

D. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to visual inspection. 

This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons 

for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects. 

2. Inspects the balloon with reference to the checklist 

emphasizing the— 

a. basket. 

b. fuel system. 

c. flight instruments. 

d. fire extinguisher items. 

e. envelope. 

f. venting and/or deflation systems. 

g. suspension and handling lines. 

4. Verifies the balloon is in condition/airworthy for safe flight. 

5. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-8

E. TASK: INFLATION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to inflation. 

2. Accomplishes the proper tie-off procedure, if appropriate. 

3. Positions the inflater for cold inflation. 

4. Begins ignition and hot air inflation. 

5. Inflates the balloon to a vertical position. 

6. Positions and secures the vent/deflation lines. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

F. TASK: BASKET/GONDOLA MANAGEMENT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to basket/gondola 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the basket/gondola are secured. 

3. Briefs passenger on the proper boarding, in-flight, and landing 

behavior and procedures. 

4. Organizes material and equipment in a logical, efficient manner.

5. Completes the appropriate checklist.

G. TASK: PRE-LAUNCH CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the pre-launch 

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item 

and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Reviews the wind conditions, temperatures, and obstructions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the basket/gondola.

4. Performs final instrument check. 

5. Ensures that the vent/deflation lines are positioned and 

secured properly. 

6. Determines equilibrium. 

7. Accomplishes the pre-launch check and confirms that the 

balloon is in condition/airworthy for safe flight. 

8. Accomplishes final coordination with the ground crew, including 

signals and emergency procedures. 

9. Assures no conflict with traffic prior to launch.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-9

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested 

orally for procedures ONLY. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications at airports without operating control towers. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications.
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-10

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select all TASKs. 

A. TASK: NORMAL LAUNCH 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal launch. 

2. Directs ground crew to clear the area. 

3. Recognizes equilibrium. 

4. Uses tie-off quick release line correctly, if appropriate. 

5. Recognizes presence of false lift and wind conditions. 

6. Coordinates lift-off and initial ascent. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

B. TASK: LAUNCH OVER OBSTACLE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a launch over 

an obstacle. 

2. Determines the height of the obstacle. 

3. Considers the distance to the obstacle relative to the wind 

conditions. 

4. Uses tie-off quick release line correctly, if appropriate. 

5. Recognizes the presence of false lift. 

6. Acts decisively so as to clear the obstacle safely. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-11

C. TASK: APPROACH TO LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach to 

landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing area, obstructions, and 

surface, and selects the most suitable touchdown point. 

3. Establishes the appropriate approach profile and rate(s) of 

descent. 

4. Ensures that each passenger is thoroughly briefed and 

positioned properly in accordance with landing conditions. 

5. Stows loose articles and secures equipment, as appropriate. 

6. Makes a timely decision to abort the approach, if necessary. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

D. TASK: NORMAL LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal landing. 

2. Prepares vent/deflation system for use. 

3. Touches down within the designated area or aborts the landing 

and ascends as specified by the examiner. 

4. Uses burner controls, vent/deflation system properly to stabilize 

balloon on touchdown. 

5. Stabilizes balloon prior to passengers exiting. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-12

E. TASK: HIGH-WIND LANDING 

NOTE: If a high-wind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the TASK shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a high-wind 

landing. 

2. Ensures a thorough briefing to include positioning of occupants 

and securing of equipment. 

3. Identifies hazards associated with a high-wind landing. 

4. Selects a landing site appropriate for high-wind conditions. 

5. Prepares vent/deflation system for use. 

6. Uses burner controls and vent/deflation system to land the 

balloon and control ground travel. 

7. Touches down within the designated area or aborts the landing 

and ascends as specified by the examiner. 

8. Extinguishes pilot lights at the appropriate time. 

9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-13

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least 

TASKs A, B, C, D, E, and F. 

A. TASK: ASCENTS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ascents. 

2. Transitions from level flight to ascent, as specified by the 

examiner. 

3. Ascends at an appropriate rate, ±100 feet per minute. 

4. Transitions from ascent to level flight at an altitude specified 

by the examiner, ±100 feet. 

B. TASK: ALTITUDE CONTROL (LEVEL FLIGHT) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to altitude 

control. 

2. Recognizes vertical movement. 

3. Maintains equilibrium by smooth use of burner controls. 

4. Uses instruments to assist in altitude control. 

5. Maintains assigned altitudes, ±100 feet. 

C. TASK: DESCENTS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to descents. 

2. Transitions from level flight to descent, as specified by the 

examiner. 

3. Descends at a specified rate, ±100 feet per minute. 

4. Transitions from descent to level flight at an altitude 

specified by the examiner, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-14

D. TASK: CONTOUR FLYING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to contour flying. 

2. Uses all controls properly to maintain the desired altitude, 

based on the appropriate clearance over terrain and obstacles. 

3. Considers the effects of wind gusts, wind shear, thermal 

activity and orographic conditions. 

4. Allows adequate clearance for livestock and other animals. 

5. Divides attention between balloon control, ground track, visual 

scanning and forward surveillance. 

E. TASK: OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to obstruction 

clearance. 

2. Recognizes obstructions, including powerlines, and allows time 

to take appropriate action. 

3. Uses proper procedures to avoid obstructions.

4. Uses proper procedures when collision is imminent.

F. TASK: TETHERING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to tethering by explaining: 

1. The proper recognition of wind conditions and obstructions. 

2. The recognition of the effects of false lift and wind gusts. 

3. The recommended tethering procedure with emphasis on 

utilizing an adequate number of appropriate tether lines of 

adequate strength, in the proper location. 

4. The briefing for ground crewmembers, to include crowd control. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-15

G. TASK: WINTER FLYING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to winter flying by explaining: 

1. The proper preparation, equipment, and survival supplies 

necessary for flight in cold temperatures. 

2. The proper methods for pressurizing fuel tanks. 

3. The added concerns for fuel vaporization, leaks, and risk of fire 

during cold weather. 

H. TASK: MOUNTAIN FLYING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to mountain flying by explaining: 

1. The proper preparation, equipment, and survival supplies 

necessary for flight over mountainous terrain. 

2. The accessibility to landing areas. 

3. The recognition of cloud formations and descending air 

currents on the leeward side of mountains as evidence of 

possible turbulence. 

4. The caution required in regard to windshear encounters and 

possible rapid weather changes. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-16

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: NAVIGATION 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation. 

2. Identifies airspace and altitude restrictions. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the balloon’s position at all times. 

5. Manages fuel properly. 

6. Determines the duration of the flight, considering— 

a. availability of suitable landing areas. 

b. fuel consumption. 

c. wind and other atmospheric conditions. 

d. obstructions. 

e. payload. 

7. Notes the differences, if any, between preflight flight planning 

and the actual flight. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-17

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

NOTE: These TASKs are knowledge TASKs only. 

A. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to systems and 

equipment malfunctions appropriate to the balloon used for the 

practical test. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes the appropriate action for 

simulated emergencies, such as— 

a. pilot light flameout or failure. 

b. blast valve failure. 

c. fuel exhaustion. 

d. propane leak. 

e. envelope failure. 

f. any other systems and equipment malfunction appropriate 

to the balloon provided for the flight test. 

3. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist. 

B. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment and survival gear appropriate to the balloon provided 

for the practical test, such as— 

a. location and purpose. 

b. method of operation or use. 

c. servicing requirements. 

d. method of safe storage. 

e. equipment and survival gear appropriate for operation in 

various climates and topographical environments. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 2 2-18

C. TASK: WATER LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to water landing by explaining: 

1. The emergency conditions under which water landings are 

necessary. 

2. The effect of wind direction and speed, and water current. 

3. The preparation required for contact with water, to include 

briefing passengers. 

4. The procedure to be used for actual water landing. 

D. TASK: THERMAL FLIGHT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to thermal flight by explaining: 

1. The conditions that cause thermal activity. 

2. The recognition of convective conditions and associated 

hazards. 

3. The effects of thermal activity on balloon flight. 

4. The procedures to be used upon encountering thermal activity. 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-30 2-19

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASKs A 

and B. 

A. TASK: RECOVERY 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recovery. 

2. Coordinates landing and recovery with landowner, as appropriate. 

3. Minimizes property damage during recovery. 

4. Supervises ground crew during recovery, including vehicle and 

spectator control. 

5. Debriefs crewmembers on all flight activities. 

B. TASK: DEFLATION AND PACKING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to deflation and 

packing. 

2. Ensures the fuel system is secure. 

3. Deflates envelope properly, considering wind conditions and 

obstacles. 

4. Disassembles envelope and basket components, as appropriate. 

5. Packs and stores envelope, basket and components, and fuel 

system, as appropriate. 

6. Performs satisfactory postflight inspection. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

C. TASK: REFUELING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-11; Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to refueling by explaining: 

1. A crewmember briefing on safety precautions. 

2. The danger of explosion and burns when handling propane. 

3. The need for adequate ventilation.

4. Water contamination. 

5. The proper method of filling the cylinders, as appropriate. 
SECTION 3 

SPORT PILOT 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-i

SECTION 3—CONTENTS 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 3-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Airship...........................................................3-v 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Airship.......................................................... 3-ix 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Balloon....................................................... 3-xiii 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Balloon...................................................... 3-xvii 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description ..................3-1 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section...........................................3-2 

Special Emphasis Areas ...........................................................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial .....................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges...................................................................................3-5 

Sport Pilot Prerequisites—Additional Privileges-Registered 

Ultra-Light Instructor..................................................................3-6 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ..................................................3-6 

Examiner Responsibility............................................................3-7 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification 

Check—Satisfactory Performance............................................3-8 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification 

Check—Unsatisfactory Performance........................................3-9 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance when 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-10 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance when 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-11 

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor 

Certificate ................................................................................3-11 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. FUNDAMENTAL OF INSTRUCTING.............................3-13 

 A. The Learning Process .............................................3-13 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication......3-13 

 C. The Teaching Process.............................................3-14 

 D. Teaching Methods...................................................3-14 

 E. Critique and Evaluation ...........................................3-14 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-ii

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and 

 Responsibilities....................................................... 3-15 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity................................. 3-15 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS ................................... 3-16 

 A. Aeromedical Factors............................................... 3-16 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance .............. 3-17 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications ...... 3-17 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements ..... 3-18 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT.............................................. 3-19 

 A. Maneuver Lesson ................................................... 3-19 
Section 3 3-iii FAA-S-8081-30 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Airworthiness 

Inspections/Airworthiness Directives/Safety Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM 

 Current Airport Facility Directory

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

Certificate and/or Rating—Sport Pilot 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor’s Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-v

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The examiner must select TASK F and one other TASK. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and at least one other 

TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

Note: The examiner must select at least one maneuver TASK. 

 A. Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of 

operation appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor 

privileges they seek (refer to the appropriate category/class section 

of the PTS). Notes listed under each area of operation identify the 

TASKs that must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is 

identified, in other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-vi

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

SECTION 1 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs. 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 H. Performance and Limitations 

 I. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs. 

 A. Preflight Inspection 

 B. Cockpit Management 

 C. Engine Starting 

 D. Unmasting and Positioning for Takeoff 

 E. Ground Handling 

 F. Before Takeoff Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK C. 

 A. Radio Communications 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport and Runway Markings and Lighting 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs A, B or C, and D or E. 

 A. Ground Weigh-Off 

 B. Up-Ship Takeoff 

 C. Wheel Takeoff 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-vii

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

 D. Approach and Landing 

 E. Go-Around 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs. 

 A. Straight-and-Level Flight 

 B. Ascents and Descents 

 C. Level Turns 

 D. In-Flight Weigh-Off 

 E. Manual Pressure Control 

 F. Static and Dynamic Trim 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course 

 B. Turns Around a Point 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Diversion 

 C. Lost Procedures 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Engine Fire During Flight 

 B. Envelope Emergencies 

 C. Free Ballooning 

 D. Ditching and Emergency Landing 

 E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-viii

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Masting 

 B. Post-masting 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-ix

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The instructor may select any of the below listed FOI 

TASKs for a proficiency check. However, these TASKs are not 

required on a proficiency check. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and at least one other 

TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED 

IN FLIGHT 

Note: The instructor must select at least one maneuver TASK. 

 A. Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of 

operation appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor 

privileges they seek (refer to the appropriate category/class section 

of the PTS). Notes listed under each area of operation identify the 

TASKs that must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is 

identified, in other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-x

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

SECTION 1 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs F and I. 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 H. Performance and Limitations 

 I. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs A and D. 

 A. Preflight Inspection 

 B. Cockpit Management 

 C. Engine Starting 

 D. Unmasting and Positioning for Takeoff 

 E. Ground Handling 

 F. Before Takeoff Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK C. 

 A. Radio Communications 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport and Runway Markings and Lighting 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs A, B or C, and D or E. 

 A. Ground Weigh-Off 

 B. Up-Ship Takeoff 

 C. Wheel Takeoff 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-xi

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

 D. Approach and Landing 

 E. Go-Around 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The instructor must select two TASKs. 

 A. Straight-and-Level Flight 

 B. Ascents and Descents 

 C. Level Turns 

 D. In-Flight Weigh-Off 

 E. Manual Pressure Control 

 F. Static and Dynamic Trim 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course 

 B. Turns Around a Point 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Diversion 

 C. Lost Procedures 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Engine Fire During Flight 

 B. Envelope Emergencies 

 C. Free Ballooning 

 D. Ditching and Emergency Landing 

 E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xii

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—AIRSHIP (Continued) 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Masting 

 B. Post-masting 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-xiii

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The examiner must select TASK F and one other TASK. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and at least one other 

TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

Note: The examiner must select one maneuver TASK. 

 A. Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of 

operation appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor 

privileges they seek (refer to the appropriate category/class section 

of the PTS). Notes listed under each area of operation identify the 

TASKs that must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is 

identified, in other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xiv

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON (Continued) 

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs C, F, AND I. 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 H. Performance and Limitations 

 I. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs C and E and one other 

TASK. 

 A. Launch Site Selection 

 B. Crew Briefing and Preparation 

 C. Layout and Assembly 

 D. Preflight Inspection 

 E. Inflation 

 F. Basket/Gondola Management 

 G. Pre-launch Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A. 

 A. Radio Communications 

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs. 

 A. Normal Launch 

 B. Launch Over Obstacle 

 C. Approach to Landing 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-xv

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON (Continued) 

 D. Normal Landing 

 E. High-Wind Landing 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs 

 A. Ascents 

 B. Altitude Control (Level Flight) 

 C. Descents 

 D. Contour Flying 

 E. Obstruction Clearance 

 F. Tethering 

 G. Winter Flying 

 H. Mountain Flying 

VI. NAVIGATION 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A. 

 A. Navigation 

VII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 C. Water Landing 

 D. Thermal Flight 

VIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Recovery 

 B. Deflation and Packing 

 C. Refueling 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-xvii

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK 

CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The instructor may select any of the below listed FOI TASKs 

for a proficiency check. However, these TASKs are not required on 

a proficiency check. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and at least one other 

TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

Note: The instructor must select one maneuver TASK. 

 A. Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of operation 

appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor privileges they seek 

(refer to the appropriate category/class section of the PTS). Notes listed 

under each area of operation identify the TASKs that must be tested. In 

some cases the specific TASK is identified, in other cases a minimum 

number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xviii

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY 

CHECK CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON (Continued) 

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs C, F, AND I. 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Operation of Systems 

 G. Aeromedical Factors 

 H. Performance and Limitations 

 I. Principles of Flight 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs C and E and one other 

TASK. 

 A. Launch Site Selection 

 B. Crew Briefing and Preparation 

 C. Layout and Assembly 

 D. Preflight Inspection 

 E. Inflation 

 F. Basket/Gondola Management 

 G. Pre-launch Check 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Radio Communications 

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

Note: The instructor must select two TASKs. 

 A. Normal Launch 

 B. Launch Over Obstacle 

 C. Approach to Landing 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-xix

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY 

CHECK CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—BALLOON (Continued) 

 D. Normal Landing 

 E. High-Wind Landing 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The instructor must select two TASKs. 

 A. Ascents 

 B. Altitude Control (Level Flight) 

 C. Descents 

 D. Contour Flying 

 E. Obstruction Clearance 

 F. Tethering 

 G. Winter Flying 

 H. Mountain Flying 

VI. NAVIGATION 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Navigation 

VII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 C. Water Landing 

 D. Thermal Flight 

VIII. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Recovery 

 B. Deflation and Packing 

 C. Refueling 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-1

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description 

This section provides guidance and procedures for obtaining a Flight 

Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for adding privileges to 

an existing Flight Instructor Certificate at the sport pilot level. Information 

provided in the Introduction of this practical test standard also applies to 

this section. 

The examiner or authorized instructor determines that the applicant 

meets the TASK Objective through the demonstration of competency in 

all elements of knowledge and/or skill unless otherwise noted. The 

Objectives of TASKs in certain AREAS OF OPERATION, such as 

Fundamentals of Instructing and Technical Subjects, include only 

knowledge elements. Objectives of TASKs in AREAS OF OPERATION 

that include elements of skill, as well as knowledge, also include 

common errors, which the applicant shall be able to describe, recognize, 

analyze, and correct. 

The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either 

the FAA inspector or an FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts 

an official practical test or proficiency check. When an examiner 

conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an 

authorized instructor. 

At the flight instructor level, the Objective of a TASK that involves pilot 

skill consists of four parts. The four parts include determination that the 

applicant exhibits: 

1. instructional knowledge of the elements of a TASK. This is 

accomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulated 

instruction; 

2. instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK, 

including their recognition, analysis, and correction; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances; and 

4. the ability to analyze and correct common errors related to a 

TASK. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-2

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section 

The FAA requires that all flight instructor practical tests and proficiency 

checks be conducted in accordance with this Section and the policies 

set forth in the INTRODUCTION of this practical test standard. The flight 

instructor applicant must be prepared to demonstrate the ability to 

instruct effectively in ALL TASKs included in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION appropriate to the category/class unless otherwise noted. 

A proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and flight 

proficiency IAW 14 CFR part 61.419. A proficiency check shall be 

administered using the appropriate PTS for the category of aircraft when 

a pilot or a flight instructor adds new category/class privileges. Upon 

successful completion of the proficiency check the authorized instructor 

will endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating the added category/class 

of equipment that the applicant is authorized to operate. When an 

examiner conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of 

an authorized instructor. 

All of the procedures and maneuvers to be tested are included in the 

sport pilot practical test standards. The flight instructor section contains 

the AREAS OF OPERATION that are generic to all flight instructor 

evaluations. Flight instructors must also be tested on TASKS located in 

the appropriate category/class section the PTS. Those TASKs are listed 

in the examiner’s practical test checklist and the instructor’s proficiency 

check checklist. The mandatory TASKs are identified by a note located 

in each area of operation. In some cases specific TASKs are identified. 

In other cases the examiner/instructor selects one or more TASKs in an 

area of operation for evaluation. This allows for the practical test for 

initial certification and additional privileges to be completed within a 

reasonable time frame. 

The term “instructional knowledge” means the instructor applicant is 

capable of using the appropriate reference to provide the “application or 

correlative level of knowledge” of a subject matter topic, procedure, or 

maneuver. It also means that the flight instructor applicant’s discussions, 

explanations, and descriptions should follow the recommended teaching 

procedures and techniques explained in FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation 

Instructor’s Handbook. 

In preparation for the practical test or proficiency check, the examiner or 

authorized instructor shall develop a written “plan of action.” The “plan of 

action” for an initial certification test shall include the required TASKs 

and one or more TASKs in the Fundamentals of Instruction, Technical 

Subject Area and the Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Preformed 

in Flight AREAS OF OPERATION. Additionally, the examiner shall test 

the required TASK(s) listed in the examiner’s practical test checklist, for 

the appropriate category. The “plan of action” must always include the 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-3

required TASKs noted in each AREA OF OPERATION. Any TASK 

selected shall be evaluated in its entirety.

If the applicant is unable to perform a TASK listed in the “plan of action” 

due to circumstances beyond his/her control, the examiner or authorized 

instructor may substitute another TASK from the applicable AREA OF 

OPERATION. 

The “plan of action” used by an authorized instructor for a proficiency 

check administered for the addition of an aircraft category and/or class 

privilege to a Flight Instructor Certificate shall include TASKs required in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the instructor’s proficiency 

check checklist located in this section. 

With the exception of the required TASKs, the examiner or authorized 

instructor shall not tell the applicant in advance which TASKs will be 

included in the “plan of action.” The applicant shall be prepared in ALL

knowledge and skill areas included in the standards. Throughout the 

flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the examiner or 

authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s ability to 

simultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures and maneuvers, 

and to give flight instruction to students at various stages of flight 

training and levels of experience. 

The examiner or authorized instructor expected to use good judgment in 

the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The examiner or 

authorized instructor shall not simulate any condition that may 

jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the aircraft. The 

use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must 

be given to local conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at 

the time of the test, as well as the applicant’s workload, and the 

condition of the aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would 

jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that 

portion of the maneuver. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-4

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners and authorized instructors shall place special emphasis upon 

areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. Among 

these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying 

the aircraft); 

3. collision avoidance; 

4. wake turbulence and low level windshear avoidance; 

5. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

6. aeronautical decision making/risk management; 

7. checklist usage; 

8. spatial disorientation; 

9. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

10. special use airspace (SUA); 

11. aviation security; and 

12. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

The examiner or authorized instructor shall place special emphasis on 

the applicant’s demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and 

sound judgment in aeronautical decision making/risk management. 

Evaluation of the applicant’s ability to teach judgment shall be 

accomplished by asking the applicant to describe the presentation of 

practical problems that would be used in instructing students in the 

exercise of sound judgment. The examiner or authorized instructor shall 

also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant's demonstrated ability to 

teach the special emphasis areas.

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will be evaluated in 

accordance to the standards of the TASKs and the ability to use good 

judgment reference the special emphasis areas listed above. 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial 

An applicant for a flight instructor—initial certification practical test is to: 

1. be at least 18 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language Skill 

Standards required by 14 CFR part 61; 

3. hold at least a current and valid Sport Pilot Certificate or higher 

with an aircraft category and class, privilege or rating appropriate 

to the flight instructor rating sought; 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-5

4. have passed the fundamentals of instructing knowledge test since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he/she 

takes the practical test or meet the requirements of 14 CFR part 

61; 

5. have passed the appropriate sport pilot flight instructor knowledge 

test(s) (appropriate to the category/class) since the beginning of 

the 24th month before the month in which he/she takes the 

practical test; and 

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that 

the applicant has been given flight training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION specified in sections of 14 CFR part 61, section 

61.415 and a written statement from an authorized flight instructor 

within the preceding 60 days, in accordance with section 61.39, 

that instruction was given in preparation for the practical test. The 

endorsement shall also state that the instructor finds the applicant 

prepared for the required practical test, and that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional Privileges 

A certificated flight instructor seeking privileges to provide flight training 

in an additional category/class of light-sport aircraft is required by 14 

CFR part 61 to: 

1. hold a valid pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to the flight 

instructor category and class, privileges or rating sought; 

2. receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION specified in 14 CFR part 61 for 

the additional category/class privilege sought; 

3. successfully pass a proficiency check from an authorized 

instructor other than the instructor who conducted the training in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION specified in 14 CFR part 61 for 

the additional category/class privilege sought; and 

4. receive a logbook endorsement certifying proficiency in the 

required AREAS OF OPERATION and authorized for the 

additional category/class privilege. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-6

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional PrivilegesRegistered Ultra-light Instructor 

If you are a registered ultra-light instructor with an FAA-recognized ultralight organization on or before September 1, 2004, and you want to 

apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, not later 

than January 31, 2008 – 

1. You must hold either a current and valid Sport Pilot Certificate, 

a current Recreational Pilot Certificate and meet the 

requirements of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.101(c), or at least a 

current and valid Private Pilot Certificate issued under this part. 

2. You must meet the eligibility requirements in 14 CFR part 61, 

sections 61.403 and 61.23. You do not have to meet the 

aeronautical knowledge requirements specified in section 

61.407, the flight proficiency requirements specified in section 

61.409 and the aeronautical experience requirements specified 

in section 61.411, except you must meet the minimum total 

flight time requirements in the category and class of light-sport 

aircraft specified in section 61.411. 

3. You do not have to meet the aeronautical knowledge 

requirement specified in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.407(a) if 

you have passed an FAA-recognized ultra-light organization's 

fundamentals of instruction knowledge test. 

4. You must submit a certified copy of your ultra light pilot records 

from the FAA-recognized ultra-light organization. Those records 

must— 

a. Document that you are a registered ultra-light flight instructor 

with that FAA-recognized ultra-light organization; and

b. Indicate that you are recognized to operate and provide 

training in the category and class of aircraft for which you 

seek privileges.

5. You must pass the knowledge test and practical test for a flight 

instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating applicable to the 

aircraft category and class for which you seek flight instructor 

privileges.

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the flight 

instructor applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each 

AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate category/class in this 

practical test standard. In addition, the rated flight instructor is required 

to prepare the flight instructor applicant in all TASKs in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION listed in Section 3. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-7

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. The 

flight instructor must certify that the applicant is: 

1. able to make a practical application of the fundamentals of 

instructing; 

2. competent to teach the subject matter, procedures, and 

maneuvers included in the standards to students with varying 

backgrounds and levels of experience and ability; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that required at the sport 

pilot level; and 

4. competent to pass the required practical test for the issuance of 

the Flight Instructor Certificate—Sport Pilot with the associated 

category/class privilege or the addition of a category/class 

privileges. 

Throughout the flight instructor applicant’s training, the flight instructor is 

responsible for emphasizing the performance of, and the ability to teach, 

effective visual scanning, runway incursion avoidance, and collision 

avoidance procedures. The flight instructor applicant should develop and 

use scenario based teaching methods particularly on special emphasis 

areas. These areas are covered in AC 90-48, Pilot’s Role in Collision 

Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-11, Balloon Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-25, 

Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the current 

Aeronautical Information Manual. 

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test or the authorized instructor 

conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the 

applicant meets acceptable standards of teaching ability, knowledge, 

and skill in the selected TASKs. The examiner or authorized instructor 

makes this determination by accomplishing an Objective that is 

appropriate to each selected TASK, and includes an evaluation of the 

applicant’s: 

1. ability to apply the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of, and ability to teach, the subject matter, 

procedures, and maneuvers covered in the TASKs; 

3. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances; and 

4. ability to describe, recognize, analyze and correct common 

errors related to the skill procedures and maneuvers covered in 

the TASKs. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-8

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

It is intended that oral questioning be used at any time during the ground 

or flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check to determine 

that the applicant can instruct effectively and has a comprehensive 

knowledge of the TASKs and their related safety factors. 

During the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the 

examiner or authorized instructor shall act as a student during selected 

maneuvers. This will give the examiner or authorized instructor an 

opportunity to evaluate the flight instructor applicant’s ability to analyze 

and correct simulated common errors related to these maneuvers. The 

examiner or authorized instructor will place special emphasis on the 

applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures, 

and the applicant’s ability to teach those procedures. 

Examiners and authorized instructors should to the greatest extent 

possible test the applicant’s application and correlation skills. When 

possible scenario based questions should be used during the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

If the examiner or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is 

incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the examiner may require the 

applicant to repeat that TASK, or portions of that TASK. This provision 

has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that 

instruction, practice or the repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is 

permitted during the certification process. When practical, the remaining 

TASKs of the practical test or proficiency phase should be completed 

before repeating the questionable TASK. 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check—Satisfactory 

Performance 

An applicant who seeks initial flight instructor certification will be 

evaluated in all AREAS OF OPERATION of the standards appropriate to 

the category/class rating(s) sought. The examiner shall refer to the 

examiner’s practical test checklist, for the appropriate category, located 

in this section, to determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF 

OPERATION. 

The practical test is passed if, in the judgment of the examiner, the 

applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to: 

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas; 

3. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning 

the pilot certification process; 

4. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning 

logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements; 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-9

5. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction; 

6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers 

selected by the examiner; 

7. competence in describing, recognizing, analyzing, and 

correcting common errors simulated by the examiner; and 

8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of 

training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan. 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check—Unsatisfactory 

Performance 

If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the 

standards of performance of any TASK performed, the applicable AREA 

OF OPERATION is considered failed and therefore, the practical test or 

proficiency check is failed. The examiner or applicant may discontinue 

the test at any time when the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION 

makes the applicant ineligible for the certificate or rating sought. The 

test will be continued only with the consent of the applicant.

If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those 

AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs satisfactorily 

performed. However, during the retest and at the discretion of the 

examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously 

considered satisfactory. 

Specific reasons for disqualification is: 

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more 

precise level than that indicated in the Sport Pilot 

tolerances while giving effective flight instruction; 

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while 

demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation 

during the demonstration must be clear, concise, 

technically accurate, and complete with no prompting from 

the examiner); 

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe 

flight; or 

4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning 

techniques to clear the area before and while performing 

maneuvers. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-10

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

When a Disapproval Notice is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of AREA(s) OF 

OPERATIONS and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard 

appropriate to the practical test conducted. If the applicant fails the 

practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of 

Disapproval shall indicate the associated TASK. An example would be: 

AREA OF OPERATION VI, Traffic Patterns, failure to teach proper 

collision avoidance procedures. 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance When Adding an 

Additional Category/Class 

The authorized instructor shall refer to the instructor’s proficiency check 

checklist, for the appropriate category, located in this section, to 

determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF OPERATION. The 

proficiency check is passed if, in the judgment of the authorized 

instructor, the applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with 

regard to: 

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas; 

3. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

the pilot certification process; 

4. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements; 

5. be able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in 

the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction; 

6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers 

selected by the examiner; 

7. competence in describing, recognizing, analyzing, and 

correcting common errors simulated by the examiner; and 

8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of 

training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan. 

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to their Flight 

Instructor Certificate, the evaluating authorized instructor shall, upon 

successful completion of the proficiency check, endorse the applicant’s 

logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to instruct in an 

additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor 

shall forward FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-11

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance When Adding an 

Additional Category/Class 

When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standards in the 

PTS, the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check shall 

annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11 and 

forward it to Airman Registry within 10 days. A Notice of Disapproval will 

NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be provided 

with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific TASKs not 

meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive additional 

training. 

Specific reasons for disqualification is: 

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more precise 

level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances while giving 

effective flight instruction; 

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while 

demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during the 

demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, and 

complete with no prompting from the authorized instructor); 

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight; or 

4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to 

clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) found deficient during the 

proficiency check, the recommending instructor shall endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant has received additional 

instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency check. 

The applicant shall complete a FAA Form 8710-11, and the 

recommending instructor shall endorse the application. The authorized 

instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, shall 

evaluate the applicant. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a 

complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor, shall forward the 

FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days and indorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional privileges. 

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor Certificate 

14 CFR part 61, sections 61.197(a)(1) and 61.199(a) allow an individual 

that holds a Flight Instructor Certificate to renew or reinstate that 

certificate by passing a practical test. The examiner shall develop a plan 

of action that includes at least one TASK, in each AREA OF 

OPERATION, in the examiner’s practical test checklist, for the 

appropriate category, located in this section. The Renewal or 

Reinstatement of one rating on a Flight Instructor Certificate renews or 

reinstates all privileges existing on the certificate. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-13

I. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF 

INSTRUCTING 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK F and one other TASK. 

A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing: 

1. Learning theory. 

2. Characteristics of learning. 

3. Principles of learning. 

4. Levels of learning. 

5. Learning physical skills. 

6. Memory. 

7. Transfer of learning. 

B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing: 

1. Human behavior— 

a. control of human behavior. 

b. human needs. 

c. defense mechanisms. 

d. the flight instructor as a practical psychologist. 

2. Effective communication— 

a. basic elements of communication. 

b. barriers of effective communication. 

c. developing communication skills. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-14

C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing: 

1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional 

period. 

2. Presentation methods. 

3. Application, by the student, of the material or procedure 

presented. 

4. Review and evaluation of student performance. 

D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing: 

1. Material organization. 

2. The lecture method. 

3. The cooperative or group learning method. 

4. The guided discussion method. 

5. The demonstration-performance method. 

6. Computer-based training method. 

E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by explaining: 

1. Critique— 

a. purpose and characteristics of an effective critique. 

b. methods and ground rules for a critique. 

2. Evaluation— 

a. characteristics of effective oral questions and what types to 

avoid. 

b. responses to student questions. 

c. characteristics and development of effective written 

questions. 

d. characteristics and uses of performance test, specifically, 

the FAA practical test standards. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-15

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND 

RESPONSIBILITIES 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and 

responsibilities by describing: 

1. Aviation instructor responsibilities in— 

a. providing adequate instruction. 

b. establishing standards of performance. 

c. emphasizing the positive. 

d. developing plans of action for use during proficiency 

checks. 

e. completion of FAA Form 8710-11. 

2. Flight instructor responsibilities in— 

a. providing student pilot evaluation and supervision. 

b. preparing practical test recommendations and 

endorsements. 

c. determining requirements for conducting additional training 

and endorsement requirements. 

d. conducting proficiency checks for additional category/class 

privileges. 

3. Professionalism as an instructor by— 

a. explaining important personal characteristics. 

b. describing methods to minimize student frustration. 

G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of planning instructional activity by 

describing: 

1. Developing objectives and standards for a course of training. 

2. Theory of building blocks of learning. 

3. Requirements for developing a training syllabus. 

4. Purpose and characteristics of a lesson plan. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-16

II. AREA OF OPERATION: TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK D and at least one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing: 

1. How to obtain an appropriate medical certificate. 

2. How to obtain a medical certificate in the event of a possible 

medical deficiency. 

3. The causes, symptoms, effects, and corrective action of the 

following medical factors— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. fatigue and stress. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 

4. The effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to flight 

safety. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-17

Change 2 (1/12/07) and Change 3 (2/22/08) 

B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, AC 90-48; FAA-H-8083-3; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by 

describing: 

1. Relationship between a pilot’s physical condition and vision. 

2. Environmental conditions that degrade vision. 

3. Vestibular and visual illusions. 

4. “See and avoid” concept. 

5. Proper visual scanning procedure. 

6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits and 

increased collision risk. 

7. Proper clearing procedures. 

8. Importance of knowing aircraft blind spots. 

9. Relationship between aircraft speed differential and collision 

risk. 

10. Situations that involve the greatest collision risk. 

C. TASK: FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS AND 

PUBLICATIONS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; NTSB part 830; AC 00-2, 

FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to Federal Aviation Regulations and 

publications: 

1. Availability and method of revision of 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91, 

and NTSB part 830 by describing— 

a. purpose. 

b. general content. 

2. Availability of flight information publications, advisory circulars, 

practical test standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAAapproved airship/balloon flight manuals by describing— 

a. availability. 

b. purpose. 

c. general content.
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-18

D. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE ENDORSEMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; AC 61-65. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate 

endorsements by describing: 

1. Required logbook entries for instruction given. 

2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including 

appropriate logbook entries. 

3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test/

proficiency check, including appropriate logbook entry for— 

a. initial pilot certification. 

b. additional pilot certification. 

c. additional aircraft category/class privileges. 

d. make and model privileges. 

e. single-seat aircraft. 

4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory 

completion of the required FAA flight review. 

5. Required flight instructor records. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-30 3-19

Change 3 (2/22/08) 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER 

TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

NOTE: Examiner shall select at least one maneuver TASK, and ask the 

applicant to present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver, as the 

lesson would be taught to a student. 

A. TASK: MANEUVER LESSON

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8082-3, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; 

FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; Airship/Balloon Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the selected maneuver by: 

1. Stating the purpose. 

2. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description, including 

the elements and common errors. 

3. Using instructional aids, as appropriate. 

4. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of common 

errors. 

NOTE: Refer to the appropriate checklist for those the additional items 

that must be tested in section 1 or 2 of the PTS.