NO. 12-12-00065-CR

 

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT

TYLER, TEXAS

TIMOTHY MARK ROBERTS, § APPEAL FROM THE 173RD

APPELLANT

V. § JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

APPELLEE § HENDERSON COUNTY, TEXAS

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Timothy Mark Roberts appeals his conviction for manufacture or delivery of a substance in 

Penalty Group 1. In two issues, Appellant argues that the evidence is factually insufficient to 

support the verdict and that the sentence is disproportionate. The State did not file a brief. We 

affirm. 

BACKGROUND

In January 2011, police officers executed a search warrant at Appellant’s home. Appellant 

was present although he was outside the home. Inside the home, the police found ten grams of 

methamphetamine under a mattress in the master bedroom. The police also found evidence to 

suggest that drugs were being sold from the home. Specifically, the police found baggies and a 

digital scale in the same bedroom. 

A Henderson County grand jury indicted Appellant for the offense of simple possession of 

methamphetamine in an amount of more than four grams but less than two hundred grams and 
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manufacture or delivery of the same quantity of methamphetamine.

1

 Appellant pleaded not guilty, 

and a jury trial was held. The jury found Appellant guilty of the more serious manufacture or 

delivery charge. Appellant waived trial by jury on the issue of punishment. Prior to trial, the State 

alleged that Appellant had two prior sequential felony convictions. The trial court found the 

sentencing allegation to be true and assessed a sentence of imprisonment for fifty years. This appeal 

followed. 

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

In his first issue, Appellant argues that the evidence is factually insufficient to show that he 

possessed the methamphetamines. 

Standard of Review and Applicable Law 

The due process guarantee of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that a conviction be 

supported by legally sufficient evidence. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 315–16, 99 S. Ct. 

2781, 2786–87, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); see also Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 917 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 2010) (plurality opinion). Evidence is not legally sufficient if, when viewing the evidence in a 

light most favorable to the verdict, no rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of 

the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; see also

Rollerson v. State, 227 S.W.3d 718, 724 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Under this standard, a reviewing 

court does not sit as a thirteenth juror and may not substitute its judgment for that of the fact finder by 

reevaluating the weight and credibility of the evidence. See Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 899; Dewberry v. 

State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Instead, a reviewing court defers to the fact 

finder’s resolution of conflicting evidence unless that resolution is not rational in light of the burden 

of proof. See Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 899–900. The duty of a reviewing court is to ensure that the 

evidence presented actually supports a conclusion that the defendant committed the crime. See 

Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

The sufficiency of the evidence is measured against the offense as defined by a hypothetically 

correct jury charge. See Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). A 

hypothetically correct jury charge “accurately sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment, does 

not unnecessarily increase the State’s burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State’s theories of 

 

1 The indictment charged Appellant with possession with intent to deliver methamphetamine. 
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liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant is tried.” Id.

As alleged in the indictment on the charge relevant to this appeal, the State’s evidence had to 

show that Appellant possessed a substance in Penalty Group 1 in an amount of more than four grams 

but less than two hundred grams with the intent to deliver that controlled substance to another. See

TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.112(d) (West 2010). Methamphetamine is listed in 

Penalty Group 1. See id. § 481.102(6) (West 2010). 

Analysis

Appellant challenges the sufficiency2of the evidence solely on the issue of possession. 

Specifically, he argues that the “State could not show Appellant in possession of any of the alleged 

drugs except by the testimony of his wife/co-defendant.” Appellant suggests that we should exclude 

his wife’s testimony from our consideration and that what “remains after this evidence is excluded is 

a verdict against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence.” 

Appellant’s wife, Jessica Roberts, testified at the trial. When the police arrived, Jessica was 

in the master bedroom sitting on the bed. Another man was in the bedroom with her. She testified 

that she knew the police were coming because there were monitors in the bedroom that showed a feed 

from a surveillance camera on the front of the house. Jessica testified that she was not paying 

attention to the monitor but that Appellant, who was outside when the police arrived, said that the 

police were there. 

Jessica testified that Appellant and the other man were engaged in a drug transaction in the 

bedroom and that Appellant asked her to come watch the drugs while he went out to his car to retrieve 

something. Her complicity in the crime makes her an accomplice,3but it does not suggest that we 

 

2 Appellant invokes factual sufficiency review of the evidence and cites Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2006), for the standard of review. The Watson decision was based on the court’s decision in Clewis v. 

State, 922 S.W.2d 126 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). In 2010, the court of criminal appeals overruled the Watson case and 

held that the legal sufficiency standard articulated in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 

(1979), is the only standard a reviewing court should apply in determining whether the evidence is sufficient to support 

each element of a criminal offense that the state is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. See Brooks v. State, 323 

S.W.3d 893, 894-95 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (plurality op.). Therefore, we will review the evidence under the Jackson

standard. See, e.g., Harris v. State, No. 12-10-00388-CR, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 9288, at *2-3 (Tex. App.–Tyler Nov. 

23, 2011, no pet. ) (mem. op., not designated for publication).

3

Jessica was charged with the same offense. This makes her an accomplice as a matter of law. See Herron v. 

State, 86 S.W.3d 621, 631 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). It is possible to be merely present at the scene of a crime and not be 

an accomplice. See Blake v. State, 971 S.W.2d 451, 454 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (“[O]ne is not an accomplice for 

knowing about a crime and failing to disclose it, or even concealing it.”).
4

may not consider her testimony when considering the sufficiency of the evidence to support 

Appellant’s conviction.4 When we review the sufficiency of the evidence, we are obligated to 

consider all of the evidence. See Merritt v. State, 368 S.W.3d 516, 525 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). 

The jury had to consider Jessica’s testimony carefully and critically. She had not reached a plea 

agreement with the State, but it is possible that a person in her situation would be motivated to provide 

the State with helpful testimony or simply to deflect culpability. Additionally, Jessica wrote a letter 

shortly after being arrested stating that the drugs belonged to her and that Appellant had “no 

knowledge of anything.” Jessica disavowed that letter, saying that she was trying to help Appellant. 

Finally, she tested positive for the use of methamphetamine while she was awaiting trial. 

In the end, the jury had to make a credibility determination. It was clear from the evidence 

that the bedroom was shared by Appellant. One of his prescriptions was present in the bedroom as 

was men’s clothing. The police found marihuana and still more baggies in his Jeep parked outside. 

Jessica testified that the drugs belonged to him. The jury’s decision to credit that testimony, in light 

of all of the other evidence, is a conclusion that is allowed by the evidence. We overrule Appellant’s 

first issue.

PROPORTIONALITY OF THE SENTENCE

In his second issue, Appellant argues that the sentence of imprisonment for fifty years is cruel 

and unusual punishment forbidden by the United States Constitution. Appellant did not raise the 

issue of cruel and unusual punishment at trial and has, therefore, failed to preserve this issue for 

appellate review. See Rhoades v. State, 934 S.W.2d 113, 120 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Noland v. 

State, 264 S.W.3d 144, 152 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref'd); TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. 

Even if Appellant had preserved this issue, he would not prevail because the sentence is not 

unconstitutionally harsh.

The legislature is vested with the power to define crimes and prescribe penalties. See

Contreras v. State, 369 S.W.3d 689, 690 (Tex. App.–Tyler 2012, no pet.); Davis v. State, 905 S.W.2d 

655, 664 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 1995, pet. ref'd). Sentences that fall within the limits prescribed by 

 

4 By contrast, we do exclude from consideration the testimony of an accomplice when considering whether the 

corroboration requirement of Article 38.14, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure has been met. See Castillo v. State, 221 

S.W.3d 689, 691 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). The accomplice witness rule is a statutorily imposed sufficiency review, is not 

derived from federal or state constitutional principles that are the basis for the legal sufficiency standards, and is not raised 

by Appellant in this appeal. See Vasquez v. State, 67 S.W.3d 229, 236 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
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a valid statute are not excessive, cruel, or unusual. See Harris v. State, 656 S.W.2d 481, 486 (Tex. 

Crim. App. 1983); Jordan v. State, 495 S.W.2d 949, 952 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973); Davis, 905 S.W.2d 

at 664. 

Appellant was found guilty of a first degree felony offense, and the trial court found that he 

had two prior sequential felony convictions. Because the State had pleaded the prior convictions as a 

sentencing enhancement, the range of punishment was from twenty-five to ninety-nine years or life in 

prison. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.42(d) (West Supp. 2012). Accordingly, the punishment 

assessed by the trial court falls well within the range set forth by the legislature and is not cruel, 

unusual, or excessive per se.

Appellant acknowledges that his sentence is within the statutory range but asserts that the 

sentence is nevertheless disproportionate and asks us to review the sentence under the test announced 

in Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 103 S. Ct. 3001, 77 L. Ed. 2d 637 (1983). Under the three-part test 

set out in Solem, we evaluate the proportionality of a sentence by considering the gravity of the 

offense and the harshness of the penalty, the sentences imposed on others in the same jurisdiction, and 

the sentences imposed for commission of the same crime in other jurisdictions. Solem, 463 U.S. at 

292, 103 S. Ct. at 3011. The application of the Solem test has been modified by Texas courts and the 

Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, in light of the Supreme Court's decision in Harmelin v. Michigan,

501 U.S. 957, 111 S. Ct. 2680, 115 L. Ed. 2d 836 (1991), to require a threshold determination that the 

sentence is grossly disproportionate to the crime before addressing the remaining elements. See, e.g., 

McGruder v. Puckett, 954 F.2d 313, 316; see also Jackson v. State, 989 S.W.2d 842, 845-46 (Tex. 

App.–Texarkana 1999, no pet.).

Appellant argues that the sentence is disproportionate because he was not in the home when 

the drugs were found and suggests that the trial court should have considered the range of punishment 

for a second degree felony. Consideration of the appropriate sentence is a task for the trial court. 

We review a sentence to ensure that this is not one of the “exceedingly rare” and “extreme” cases 

where a sentence is grossly disproportionate to the crime. See Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63, 72, 

123 S. Ct. 1166, 1173, 155 L. Ed. 2d 144 (2003).

Appellant had three prior felony convictions for narcotics offenses, had been to prison twice, 

and was on parole for possession of a controlled substance on the day he was arrested for this offense. 

Appellant has not adduced any evidence of the sentence imposed on individuals who have committed 
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similar crimes. In light of the offense committed and Appellant’s criminal history, the fifty year 

sentence, while weighty, is not grossly disproportionate. We overrule Appellant’s second issue.

DISPOSITION

Having overruled Appellant’s two issues, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

JAMES T. WORTHEN

 Chief Justice

Opinion delivered May 22, 2013.

Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and Hoyle, J.

(DO NOT PUBLISH)
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COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS

JUDGMENT

MAY 22, 2013

NO. 12-12-00065-CR

TIMOTHY MARK ROBERTS,

Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

Appellee

 

 Appeal from the 173rd Judicial District Court

 of Henderson County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. C-18,475)

 

THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed 

herein, and the same being considered, it is the opinion of this court that there was no error in the 

judgment.

It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment 

of the court below be in all things affirmed, and that this decision be certified to the court below 

for observance.

James T. Worthen, Chief Justice.

Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and Hoyle, J.