United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with the

Illinois Agricultural

Experiment Station Soil Survey of

McLean County,

Illinois

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of

the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the

Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the

Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

3

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1990. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 2002. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2002. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Illinois

Agricultural Experiment Station. Financial assistance was provided by the McLean

County Board and the Illinois Department of Agriculture. The survey is part of the

technical assistance furnished to the McLean County Soil and Water Conservation

District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Lake Dawson at Moraine View State Park.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Numerical Index to Map Units ............................... 9

Foreword ............................................................... 11

General Nature of the County ................................. 13

Settlement and Development ............................. 13

Farming .............................................................. 14

Physiography and Drainage ............................... 15

Climate ............................................................... 15

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 16

Formation and Classification of the Soils .......... 19

Formation of the Soils ........................................ 19

Parent Material ............................................... 19

Climate........................................................... 20

Plant and Animal Life ..................................... 21

Relief.............................................................. 23

Time ............................................................... 24

Classification of the Soils.................................... 24

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.............. 27

Aetna Series....................................................... 28

8720A—Aetna silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 29

Andres Series..................................................... 30

293A—Andres silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ... 31

Arrowsmith Series .............................................. 31

715A—Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 32

Ashkum Series ................................................... 33

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 34

Atterberry Series ................................................ 34

61A—Atterberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

Birkbeck Series .................................................. 36

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

233B2—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 38

233C2—Birkbeck silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 39

Brenton Series ................................................... 39

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 41

Camden Series .................................................. 41

134B2—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 42

134C2—Camden silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 43

Catlin Series ....................................................... 43

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..... 44

171B2—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 45

171C2—Catlin silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 45

893B—Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 46

Chenoa Series ................................................... 46

614B—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 48

614B2—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 48

Clare Series ....................................................... 49

663A—Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 50

Dana Series ....................................................... 50

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 51

56C2—Dana silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 52

Drummer Series ................................................. 52

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 53

721A—Drummer and Elpaso silty clay loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................... 54

Edgington Series ................................................ 55

272A—Edgington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 56

Elburn Series...................................................... 56

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 57

Elkhart Series..................................................... 58

567A—Elkhart silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ... 59

567B—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ... 60

567B2—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 60

Elliot Series ........................................................ 61

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 62

Elpaso Series ..................................................... 62

721A—Drummer and Elpaso silty clay loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................... 63

Fincastle Series.................................................. 64

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 65
6

Flanagan Series ................................................. 66

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 67

Fox Series .......................................................... 67

327B2—Fox silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 68

327C2—Fox silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 69

Graymont Series ................................................ 69

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 70

Harpster Series .................................................. 71

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 72

Hartsburg Series ................................................ 72

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 73

Hennepin Series ................................................. 74

964D—Miami and Hennepin soils, 10 to 18

percent slopes ............................................. 74

964F—Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35

percent slopes ............................................. 75

Huntsville Series ................................................ 76

8077A—Huntsville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 77

Ipava Series ....................................................... 77

43A—Ipava silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 78

902A—Ipava-Sable complex, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 79

Kane Series........................................................ 79

343A—Kane silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 81

Kaneville Series.................................................. 81

667A—Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 82

667B—Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

Keomah Series ................................................... 83

17A—Keomah silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 85

La Rose Series................................................... 85

60B2—La Rose silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 86

60C2—La Rose silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 86

60D2—La Rose silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 87

Lawson Series .................................................... 87

8451A—Lawson silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 88

Lisbon Series ..................................................... 88

59A—Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 89

Lorenzo Series ................................................... 90

318B2—Lorenzo silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 90

Martinsville Series .............................................. 91

570D2—Martinsville silt loam, 10 to 18

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 92

Mayville Series ................................................... 92

193B2—Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 93

193C2—Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 94

Miami Series ...................................................... 94

27B2—Miami silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 95

27C2—Miami silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 96

27D2—Miami silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 96

964D—Miami and Hennepin soils, 10 to 18

percent slopes ............................................. 97

964F—Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35

percent slopes ............................................. 97

MW—Miscellaneous water ................................. 98

Muscatune Series .............................................. 98

51A—Muscatune silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 99

Normal Series .................................................. 100

213A—Normal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 101

Orthents ........................................................... 102

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating .................. 102

Osco Series ..................................................... 102

86A—Osco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 103

86B—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...... 104

86B2—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 104

Penfield Series ................................................. 105
7

687B2—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 105

687C2—Penfield loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 106

Peotone Series ................................................. 106

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 107

865—Pits, gravel .............................................. 108

Plano Series ..................................................... 108

199A—Plano silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ... 109

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ... 110

199B2—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 110

Proctor Series .................................................. 111

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 112

148C2—Proctor silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 112

Radford Series ................................................. 113

8074A—Radford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ...................... 114

Raub Series ..................................................... 114

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 115

Ross Series ...................................................... 116

8073A—Ross loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded................................... 116

Rozetta Series.................................................. 117

279B2—Rozetta silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 118

Russell Series .................................................. 118

322B2—Russell silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 119

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 120

Sabina Series ................................................... 120

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 122

Sable Series ..................................................... 122

68A—Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 123

902A—Ipava-Sable complex, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 124

Sawmill Series .................................................. 124

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, frequently flooded ............. 126

8107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded.......... 126

Saybrook Series ............................................... 127

145B—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes ........................................................ 128

145B2—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 128

145C2—Saybrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 129

893B—Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5

percent slopes ........................................... 129

Selma Series .................................................... 130

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 131

Strawn Series ................................................... 131

224C2—Strawn loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 132

224G—Strawn loam, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 133

Swygert Series ................................................. 133

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded .............................. 134

Symerton Series .............................................. 135

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes ........................................................ 136

533—Urban land .............................................. 136

Varna Series .................................................... 137

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 138

223C2—Varna silty clay loam, 4 to 6

percent slopes, eroded .............................. 138

Warsaw Series ................................................. 139

290A—Warsaw loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 139

290B2—Warsaw loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 140

W—Water......................................................... 140

Wyanet Series .................................................. 141

622B2—Wyanet silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 141

622C2—Wyanet silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 142

Use and Management of the Soils .................... 143

Interpretive Ratings .......................................... 143

Rating Class Terms ...................................... 143

Numerical Ratings........................................ 143

Crops and Pasture ........................................... 143
8

Limitations and Hazards Affecting

Cropland .............................................. 146

Limitations and Hazards Affecting Pasture ... 149

Yields per Acre............................................. 152

Land Capability Classification ...................... 152

Prime Farmland ........................................... 153

Hydric Soils ...................................................... 154

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........ 154

Woodland ......................................................... 155

Forest Productivity ....................................... 155

Recreation ........................................................ 156

Wildlife Habitat ................................................. 158

Engineering ...................................................... 160

Building Site Development ........................... 161

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 162

Construction Materials ................................. 164

Water Management...................................... 164

Soil Properties .................................................... 167

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 167

Physical Properties .......................................... 168

Chemical Properties ......................................... 169

Water Features ................................................. 169

Soil Features .................................................... 170

Engineering Index Test Data............................. 171

References .......................................................... 173

Glossary .............................................................. 177

Tables .................................................................. 191

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 192

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 193

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 193

Table 4.—Classification of the Soils .................. 194

Table 5.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 196

Table 6.—Limitations and Hazards Affecting

Cropland and Pasture ................................ 198

Table 7.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture ......................... 204

Table 8.—Prime Farmland ................................ 209

Table 9.—Hydric Soils ...................................... 211

Table 10.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 219

Table 11.—Forestland Productivity ................... 234

Table 12a.—Recreation .................................... 238

Table 12b.—Recreation .................................... 248

Table 13.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 256

Table 14a.—Building Site Development ............ 262

Table 14b.—Building Site Development ............ 272

Table 15a.—Sanitary Facilities ......................... 285

Table 15b.—Sanitary Facilities.......................... 297

Table 16a.—Construction Materials .................. 307

Table 16b.—Construction Materials .................. 321

Table 17a.—Water Management ...................... 330

Table 17b.—Water Management ...................... 341

Table 18.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 353

Table 19a.—Physical Properties of the Soils .... 368

Table 19b.—Physical Properties of the Soils .... 379

Table 20.—Chemical Properties of the Soils..... 389

Table 21.—Water Features ............................... 400

Table 22.—Soil Features .................................. 408

Table 23.—Engineering Index Test Data ........... 414

Issued 2004
9

17A—Keomah silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....... 85

27B2—Miami silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 95

27C2—Miami silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 96

27D2—Miami silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 96

43A—Ipava silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............ 78

51A—Muscatune silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 99

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 51

56C2—Dana silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 52

59A—Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 89

60B2—La Rose silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 86

60C2—La Rose silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 86

60D2—La Rose silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 87

61A—Atterberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 36

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 72

68A—Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 123

86A—Osco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 103

86B—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......... 104

86B2—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 104

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 134

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............ 131

134B2—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 42

134C2—Camden silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 43

145B—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes............................................................... 128

145B2—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 128

145C2—Saybrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 129

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 62

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 112

148C2—Proctor silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 112

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 41

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................... 53

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 67

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......... 44

171B2—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 45

171C2—Catlin silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 45

193B2—Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 93

193C2—Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 94

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 57

199A—Plano silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....... 109

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....... 110

199B2—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 110

213A—Normal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 101

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 138

223C2—Varna silty clay loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 138

224C2—Strawn loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 132

224G—Strawn loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes....... 133

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 34

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 38

233B2—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 38

233C2—Birkbeck silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 39

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes...... 122

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................... 73

272A—Edgington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 56

Numerical Index to Map Units
10

279B2—Rozetta silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 118

290A—Warsaw loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 139

290B2—Warsaw loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 140

293A—Andres silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....... 31

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes............................................................... 136

318B2—Lorenzo silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 90

322B2—Russell silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 119

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 120

327B2—Fox silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 68

327C2—Fox silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 69

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 107

343A—Kane silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 81

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 115

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 65

533—Urban land .................................................. 136

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 70

567A—Elkhart silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 59

567B—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 60

567B2—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 60

570D2—Martinsville silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 92

614B—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 48

614B2—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 48

622B2—Wyanet silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 141

622C2—Wyanet silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................. 142

663A—Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 50

667A—Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 82

667B—Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 83

687B2—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 105

687C2—Penfield loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded .............................................................. 106

715A—Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 32

721A—Drummer and Elpaso silty clay

loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes......................... 54, 63

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating ...................... 102

865—Pits, gravel .................................................. 108

893B—Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................ 46, 129

902A—Ipava-Sable complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................ 79, 124

964D—Miami and Hennepin soils, 10 to 18

percent slopes .............................................. 74, 97

964F—Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35

percent slopes .............................................. 75, 97

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, frequently flooded .................... 126

8073A—Ross loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded ......................................... 116

8074A—Radford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ............................. 114

8077A—Huntsville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ............................... 77

8107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ............................. 126

8451A—Lawson silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ............................... 88

8720A—Aetna silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded ........................................... 29

MW—Miscellaneous water ..................................... 98

W—Water ............................................................. 140
11

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the

survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in

using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

William J. Gradle

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

13

MCLEAN COUNTY is in the central part of Illinois (fig.

1). It is bordered by Woodford, Livingston, Ford,

Champaign, Piatt, DeWitt, Logan, and Tazewell

Counties. It has a total area of 759,700 acres, or about

1,187 square miles. It is the largest county in Illinois.

Bloomington is the county seat.

This soil survey updates the survey of McLean

County published in 1998 (Windhorn, 1998). It

provides more information and has larger maps, which

show the soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the County

This section provides general information about the

survey area. It describes settlement and development,

farming, physiography and drainage, and climate.

Settlement and Development

The survey area was inhabited as much as 10,000

years ago. Indian mounds are east of Heyworth and

along the Mackinaw River in the Evergreen Lake area

(Brigham, 1951).

The first European families settled in the area in

1822 (Tate, 1972). They settled in wooded areas near

streams. The uplands were the first areas cleared for

farming. Later, with the help of tile and dredging, the

lower areas were drained and converted to agricultural

uses.

McLean County was established in 1830. It was

named for John McLean, the first representative to

Congress from the State of Illinois (McLean

Centennial Association, 1955).

As a result of the Swamp Land Act of 1850, the

State of Illinois gave 23,793 acres of the lowest land

in the area to McLean County (Hopkins et al., 1915).

These lands were to be reclaimed by dredging and

tiling. Because no workable plan could be decided

on, however, the wetlands were sold. With the

proceeds from this sale, the county provided $70,000

for the purchase of land north of Bloomington, where

Normal University (Illinois State University) had its

beginning.

In 2000, the population of the county was 150,433.

The population increased 16.5 percent from 1990 to

2000. Most of the population growth has been in the

Soil Survey of

McLean County, Illinois

By Ronald D. Collman, Christopher C. Cochran, and Sam E. Werner,

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Original fieldwork by Kent Brinkman, Mark Carlson, Eric E. Engel,

Donald J. Fehrenbacher, Thomas Guyse, Charles L. Love, Jeffrey Olson,

Michael Walczynski, Peter C. Weikle, Roger D. Windhorn, and Thomas Ziegler,

Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Julie W. Cully, Karla D. Hanson,

James K. Hornickel, Betsy Kaup, Dennis Keene, Dave Lohnes, B. Ward Lenz,

Steven R. Murkowski, and Gloria J. Westphal, McLean County

Updated fieldwork by Ronald D. Collman, Tonie J. Endres, and Sam E. Werner,

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Map compilation by Ronald D. Collman, Ken Gotsch, and Sam E. Werner, 

Natural Resources Conservation Service.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station
14 Soil Survey of

expanding Bloomington-Normal urban area (U.S.

Department of Commerce, 2002).

Transportation systems in the county are well

developed. They include five State highways, four U.S.

highways, two interstate highways, several railroad

lines, one municipal airport, and numerous paved

county roads.

Farming

Farming is among the primary enterprises in the

county. Corn and soybeans are the main crops.

Grasses and legumes and winter wheat are also

grown. Some of the farms raise livestock. Many of the

animals are raised in confinement operations.

In 1982, the county had 2,126 farms, which made

up 745,113 acres, or about 98 percent of the total land

area (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983). The

average farm size was 350 acres, or about 50 acres

larger than the average farm size for the State of

Illinois. Cropland made up 701,075 acres. Of this total,

385,729 acres was used for corn and 287,205 acres

for soybeans. The rest of the acreage was used for

small grain or for pasture and hay.

The number of farms in McLean County dropped

from 1,906 in 1987 to 1,475 in 1997. The farmland

acreage dropped from 740,964 in 1987 to 696,575

acres in 1997. During this same time period, the

acreage of corn increased from 277,851 to 333,205

acres, the acreage of soybeans increased from

287,083 to 312,613 acres, and the acreage of wheat

increased from 96,969 to 122,233 acres. The total

acreage of woodland was 7,803 in 1997. Of this

acreage, 1,741 acres was pastured woodland (USDA,

1997).

In 1982, the county produced about 24,000 head of

cattle and calves and sold about 134,000 hogs and

pigs (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983). In 1997,

LEGEND

95B—Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift

Plain

98—Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift

Plain

105—Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills

108A and 108B—Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and

Drift

110—Northern Illinois and Indiana Heavy Till Plain

113—Central Claypan Area

114B—Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and

Till Plain

115A, 115B, and 115C—Central Mississippi Valley

Wooded Slopes

120A—Kentucky and Indiana Sandstone and Shale

Hills and Valleys

131A—Southern Mississippi Valley Alluvium

134—Southern Mississippi Valley Silty Uplands

Figure 1.—Location of McLean County and the major land resource areas (MLRAs) in Illinois (USDA, 1981).
McLean County, Illinois 15

the county sold 9,536 head of cattle and calves and

sold about 150,790 hogs and pigs (USDA, 1997).

Physiography and Drainage

McLean County is mainly on a loess-covered till

plain characterized by numerous terminal glacial

moraines cutting diagonally across the county from

northwest to southeast. Glacial ice, running water, and

windblown deposits have all contributed to the

landforms in the county. In general, nearly all of the

ridges and knobs in the county have a glacial origin.

These areas were then modified by the wearing down

of hills and knobs and the filling in of lower areas with

outwash sediments. Finally, a blanket of loess, which

tends to smooth out landscape features, covered the

entire landscape.

The Bloomington Moraine is one of the most

prominent landform features in the county, especially

in the eastern and northwestern parts. This moraine

cuts through the center of the county. South of the

moraine the landscape is mainly nearly level to

sloping, except along the major streams, such as

Kickapoo Creek and Sugar Creek. In these areas

stream dissection resulted in more varied landscapes.

In the northeastern part of the county, north of the

moraine, the landscape is primarily gently sloping and

sloping. In the extreme northwestern part of the

county, the landscape is gently sloping to very steep.

One of the lowest points in the county is in the

southwestern part where Sugar Creek flows out of the

county. The elevation at this location is about 600 feet

above sea level. One of the highest points is in the

area due west of Moraine View State Park. This area is

on the Bloomington Moraine and is at an elevation of

about 926 feet above sea level (fig. 2).

In general, all surface water in McLean County

eventually empties into the Illinois River. Water south

of the Bloomington Moraine flows southwest in creeks,

such as Kickapoo Creek, Sugar Creek, and Salt

Creek. Water in the eastern part of the county flows

east in the Sangamon River before emptying into the

Illinois River. Water north of the Bloomington Moraine

flows northwest in the Mackinaw River. Water in the

extreme northeastern part of the county flows north

toward the Vermilion River.

The county has about 2,792 acres of impounded

water. Most of this water is in Lake Bloomington,

Dawson Lake, Evergreen Lake, and Spin Lake. The

rest is in smaller, privately owned ponds.

Climate

Prepared by the National Water and Climate Center, Natural

Resources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Chenoa in the

period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing

season.

Figure 2.—Elevation cross section of McLean County.
16 Soil Survey of

In winter, the average temperature is 26.8 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is 18.7

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Chenoa on December 22, 1989, was -26

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 72.9

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 84.2 degrees. The highest temperature, which

occurred at Chenoa on August 17, 1988, was 103

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 34.52

inches. Of this, 20.78 inches, or about 60 percent,

usually falls in April through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall on record was 8.20 inches at

Chenoa on July 9, 1951. Thunderstorms occur on

about 48 days each year, and most occur between

May and August.

The average seasonal snowfall is 23.0 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 20 inches on March 11, 1960. On the

average, 34 days of the year have at least 1 inch of

snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-day snowfall on

record was 12.0 inches on December 19, 1973.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 83 percent. The sun shines

67 percent of the time possible in summer and 46

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the south.

Average windspeed is highest, 11 to 12 miles per

hour, from November to April.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the county. The

information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage and the kinds

of crops and native plants. To study the soil profile,

which is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons in

a soil, soil scientists use soil probes or spades. The

profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the county

occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the county. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept or model of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landform.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior
McLean County, Illinois 17

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

The soil survey information in this report is based

on a review of field notes, laboratory data, and other

data collected during the previous survey of McLean

County (Windhorn, 1998). In addition, data from other

soil surveys within Major Land Resource Areas 108A,

110, and 115C were reviewed and some resampling of

selected soils to greater depths was conducted. The

review of new and existing data over a wider area

improves consistency in the identification,

classification, and interpretations of soils on similar

landscapes.

Digital orthophotographs used in this survey were

taken early in spring between 1993 and 1995. Soil

scientists studied U.S. Geological Survey topographic

maps enlarged to a scale of 1:12,000 and geology

maps to relate land and image features. Specific soil

boundaries were drawn on the orthophotographs. Soil

boundary lines were adjusted so that they would better

coincide with the topographic map contour lines and

tonal patterns on the orthophotographs.

19

This section relates the soils in the survey area to

the major factors of soil formation and describes the

system of soil classification.

Formation of the Soils

Soil forms through processes that act on deposited

or accumulated geologic materials. The characteristics

of the soil are determined by the physical and

mineralogical composition of parent material; the climate

under which the soil formed; the plant and animal life

on and in the soil; the relief, or lay of the land; and the

length of time that the forces of soil formation have

acted on the parent material (Jenny, 1941).

The factors of soil formation are so closely

interrelated in their effects on the soil that few

generalizations can be made regarding the effects of

any one factor unless the effects of the other factors

are known. Many of the processes of soil formation

are unknown.

The parent material affects the kind of soil profile

that forms. Climate and plant and animal life are the

active factors of soil formation. They act directly on the

parent material, either in place or after it has been

relocated by water, glaciers, or wind, and slowly

change it into a natural body that has genetically

related layers, or horizons. Relief can modify the

effects of climate and plant and animal life. Finally,

time is needed for transformation of the parent

material into a soil profile that has clearly differentiated

horizons.

Parent Material

Parent materials are determined by the geology of

an area. They control the chemical and mineralogical

composition of the soil at the beginning of soil

formation. Weathering and biological activities

gradually change the composition of the soil as it

develops. Parent material includes all organic and

inorganic material at the earth’s surface. In places old

weathered bedrock material and old soil material

become parent material for the continuing soil

development at the land surface (Brady, 1984;

Broderson, 1994; Press and Siever, 1985).

The parent materials of the soils in McLean County

are mainly associated directly with glaciers, meltwater,

and wind of the Wisconsinan Glacial Stage and the

Holocene (Willman and Frye, 1970). Although the

parent materials are glacial in origin, their properties

vary greatly, depending on the method of deposition.

The dominant parent materials in McLean County are

loess, glacial till, glacial outwash (including sand and

gravel), alluvium, and colluvium.

Loess blankets the uplands of McLean County. It is

silty material deposited by winds that carried it from

major stream valleys and outwash plains. It consists of

very uniform, calcareous, silt-sized particles. The

major sources of the loess in the county are the valley

of the Illinois River and many smaller stream valleys.

Loess was initially deposited as sediments in rivers

swollen with glacial meltwater. As the rivers dried up,

these sediments were exposed. The predominantly

westerly winds picked up the loess and transported it

many miles. The loess covered the exposed glacial till

and outwash with a layer that tended to thin with

increasing distance from the source. Some soils in the

county formed entirely in loess. In areas where the

deposits are thinner, the soils formed in loess and in

the underlying till or outwash. Osco and Ipava soils

formed entirely in loess. Saybrook and Russell soils

formed in loess and the underlying till.

Glacial till is material laid down directly by active

glaciers. It is a mixture of materials that were picked

up by the ice as it moved over the land. The size of

particles ranges from clay to occasional boulders. The

kinds of till exposed in McLean County are from

distant as well as local sources. The rocks and

minerals in the till from distant sources are granite,

quartzite, diorite, galena, and pyrite. Shale and

limestone indicate local sources. The small pebbles in

glacial till generally have distinct edges and corners,

indicating that they have not been subject to intense

water action. The glacial till in McLean County was

deposited during the Wisconsinan Stage.

Numerous recessional end moraines are evident in

the county. The most notable of these is the

Bloomington Moraine, which extends from Danvers

Township, in the northwest part of the county, through

Bloomington-Normal, and then to Cheneys Grove

Formation and Classification of the Soils
20 Soil Survey of

Township, at the edge of the county line. The moraines

are generally oriented from northwest to southeast,

except for the Champaign Moraine, which extends

north and south in the Bellflower area. The glacial till is

generally loam, clay loam, or silt loam and is

calcareous. It ranges from light pink to dark gray,

depending on the source area of the till. Soils that

formed in this parent material generally are gently

sloping to very steep and are on ridgetops and side

slopes. La Rose and Strawn are examples of soils that

formed entirely in till. Many soils in Mclean County

formed in loess and the underlying till. Dana and

Saybrook soils are examples.

Ground moraines cover much of the county. They

are generally flat to gently rolling plains and are made

up of till material similar to that on the recessional and

end moraines. Catlin and Flanagan soils are on ground

moraines. The till in the northern part of the county

typically has more clay than the previously mentioned

till. Ashkum, Chenoa, and Varna are examples of soils

that formed in till in this part of the county.

Throughout McLean County and east-central

Illinois, the upper part of the till on ground moraines

and below end and recessional moraines appears to

be water worked and unconsolidated. As much as 2

feet of this washy till or ablation till overlies the more

compacted till. It is sometimes correlated as outwash

because of its interpretive properties.

Glacial outwash, including sand and gravel, is

deposited by running water, either from melting

glaciers or from streams. These deposits can occur in

front of the margins of glacial moraines and in more

concentrated areas in channels of the major stream

valleys. These sediments vary greatly in particle size

and composition from place to place. The size of

deposited outwash particles varies, depending on the

speed of the stream that carried them. The coarser

particles were deposited first, and the finer particles

were carried a greater distance by more slowly moving

water. Penfield soils formed in outwash. Outwash

deposits generally consist of strata of sandy loam,

loam, and silt loam. In some areas where meltwater

flowed rapidly, the deposits are coarser textured and

gravel and coarse sand are more dominant. Examples

of soils that formed in coarse textured outwash are

Fox, Warsaw, and Lorenzo soils.

The outwash in McLean County is typically

calcareous and has a low to moderate ability to hold

water and nutrients available for plants. Some of the

coarser deposits of outwash along the major streams

are commercial sources of sand and gravel (fig. 3).

Alluvium is material deposited largely during

periods of flooding. This material is generally silty

because its source area is the loess-covered glacial till

uplands. Alluvial areas occur along major streams

throughout the county and also extend back into some

upland drainageways. Stream alluvium can be eroded

from anywhere upstream within the watershed. The

streambanks in McLean County often expose the

alluvial history of the stream.

Occasional or frequent flooding is still likely in most

alluvial areas. Examples of alluvial soils are Lawson,

Huntsville, and Sawmill soils. Aetna and Radford soils

are common in areas where recent flooding has buried

darker soil horizons.

Colluvium is local alluvium that has moved

downslope. Peotone soils, which are in depressions,

formed in colluvium, and Ashkum soils, which are on

toeslopes, formed in colluvium and the underlying till.

Climate

Climate is important in the formation of soils. The

county has a temperate, humid, continental climate

that is essentially uniform throughout the county.

Climate differences are too small to have caused any

obvious differences in the soils locally.

Climate affects soil formation through its effects on

weathering, plant and animal life, and erosion. Under

the present climate, soil moisture fluctuates with

precipitation and seasonal changes that vary from

year to year (Brady, 1984; Broderson, 1994; Press and

Siever, 1985; Windhorn, 1998). Water from rains and

melting snow seeps slowly downward through the soil

and causes physical and chemical changes. As the

water moves through the profile, clay is transported

from the surface layer to the subsoil, where it

accumulates. Ipava soils are examples of soils in

which this process has taken place. The water also

dissolves minerals and moves them downward

through the soil. This leaching process has removed

calcium carbonate (free lime) from the upper layers of

most of the soils in McLean County.

Heavy, untimely rains are harmful and destructive

when they fall on soils that are exposed by farming

activities. If the soil is partially frozen, early spring

rains can cause extensive erosion because the

infiltration of water is restricted early in spring.

Soil temperature affects soil formation. If the soil is

frozen, rainfall runs off the soil and thus does not

facilitate soil formation. Many of the processes of soil

formation are halted or proceed at a slower rate when

the soil is frozen.

Climate influences the kind and extent of plant and

animal life. The climate in McLean County has favored

tall grass prairie and deciduous hardwood forests. It

has also favored animal life, which decomposes dead

plants and animals and incorporates them into the soil.
McLean County, Illinois 21

Plant and Animal Life

 Soils are greatly affected by the type of vegetation

under which they formed. One of the most easily

recognized examples of the effect of vegetation on soil

formation is the difference between prairie soils and

forest soils. The chief contribution of vegetation and

biological processes is the addition of organic matter

and nitrogen to the soil. The kind of organic material in

the soil depends primarily on the kind of native plants

that grew on the soil. The remains of these plants

accumulate in or on the surface, decay, and eventually

become organic matter, or humus. The roots of the

plants provide channels for the downward movement

of water through the soil and also add organic matter

as they decay.

The native vegetation in McLean County consisted

mainly of tall prairie grasses and deciduous hardwood

trees. At the time of early settlement, most of the

survey area supported prairie grasses. These grasses

have many fine, fibrous roots that add large amounts

of organic matter to the soil as they die and decay,

especially where they are concentrated near the

surface. Decomposition of plant materials produces

humus-rich soils that have a high level of fertility and a

high water-holding capacity. Excess wetness in soils

slows the rate of decomposition, and the organic

matter accumulates over time. Soils that formed under

prairie vegetation have a thick, black or dark brown

surface layer. The prairie soils in McLean County are

generally on the broad upland divides between

streams (fig. 4). The thickness of the surface layer

varies greatly, depending on landscape position. Soils

that formed on ridgetops and shoulders, such as Dana

and Saybrook soils, have a thinner dark surface layer

than soils in nearly level areas, such as Ipava,

Flanagan, Muscatune, Raub, and Lisbon soils. Some

soils in depressions have a black surface layer that is

more than 24 inches thick. Peotone soils are an

example.

About 6 percent of the county supported timber

vegetation at the time of early settlement. The

deciduous hardwood forests contributed organic

matter to the soil mainly in the form of leaf litter. The

Figure 3.—Outwash that is being mined for gravel in an area of Warsaw loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.
22 Soil Survey of

soils that formed under trees have a thinner, lighter

colored surface layer and subsurface layer than the

soils that formed under grasses. Organic matter in

forests accumulates at the surface, and the humus

that is produced is more acidic than grassland humus.

These acids percolate into the soil and promote the

break down of minerals in the soil. This acidification

process increases the rate of leaching and

translocation, which lower fertility and causes claysized particles to accumulate in lower layers. Where

this process is active for a long time, it produces an

obvious eluvial horizon that has a bleached or ashy

appearance. This layer can form a crust when dry. The

crust can impede the downward movement of water.

The light colored subsurface layer and the lower

content of organic matter in the surface layer result in

the characteristic white appearance of the soils that

formed in wooded areas. In general, these soils are on

narrow upland divides between streams or on the side

slopes bordering streams. Keomah, Rozetta, Mayville,

Birkbeck, and Sabina soils formed under timber

vegetation.

About 4 percent of the county supported mixed

prairie and timber vegetation at the time of early

settlement. Atterberry and Kaneville soils formed

under mixed vegetation in the uplands. Most of the

soils on flood plains formed under a mixture of trees

and grasses, especially in the larger valleys. Most of

these soils are dark because of a high content of

organic matter, but the dark colors are related more to

the color of the sediments deposited than to the native

vegetation. Lawson, Huntsville, and Sawmill are

examples of soils that formed on flood plains.

Micro-organisms, earthworms, insects, and large

burrowing animals that live in or on the soil have

affected soil formation. Bacteria and fungi help to

break down and decompose dead plants and animals

and change them into humus. Burrowing animals,

such as earthworms, crayfish, cicadas, mice, and

ground squirrels, help to incorporate the humus into

the soil. Humus is very important in the formation of

soil structure. It also affects the tilth of the soil. In

McLean County, evidence of the burrowing activities of

these insects and animals is most noticeable in wet

soils, such as Peotone, Sable, Drummer, Hartsburg,

and Harpster soils. In some areas of these soils,

crayfish and earthworms have constructed “chimneys”

of soil material on the surface as tunnels were formed.

Evidence of human activity in the survey area dates

back to approximately 10,000 years before present.

This period coincides with the ice retreat and

meltwaters of the last major glaciation that covered

Figure 4.—Drummer and Flanagan soils on broad upland divides between streams.
McLean County, Illinois 23

northeastern Illinois. Humans did not have a significant

effect on the soils or the environment until the arrival

of European settlers in North America. During the late

1800s and early 1900s, areas of land were cleared

with the moldboard plow for pasture and row crops.

The result of these activities significantly increased the

extent of erosion and decreased the content of organic

matter and biological activity in the soil. Many soils lost

valuable topsoil. The lighter colored subsoil of these

soils was exposed. In places the subsoil was clayey

and difficult to work (Brady, 1984; Windhorn, 1998).

Relief

Relief, or local changes in elevation, has had a

marked influence on the soils in McLean County

through its effect on runoff, water infiltration, erosion,

and natural soil drainage. Slopes in McLean County

range from 0 to 50 percent. The landscape is changing

slowly but constantly. Initially, many of the landforms

and features could be attributed directly to their mode

of deposition—that is, the glaciers or the glacial

meltwater. Once the glaciers began to recede,

depositional and erosional forces started shaping the

landscape, creating the landforms that are evident

today. In general, map unit boundaries follow landform

and landform component boundaries.

The landform shape and size play a role in soil

formation. The shape and slope of a landform affect

drainage. Level areas or depressions generally are

characterized by poor natural drainage, forcing water

to pond or percolate into the soil (fig. 5). The soils in

depressions in McLean County have a higher content

of clay in the surface layer and are ponded. The soils

on gentle slopes, such as Ipava and Camden soils,

are characterized by more water infiltration, less

erosion, and stronger, deeper development than the

soils on steeper slopes or soils that are wet and

ponded. Rounded summits and shoulder slopes are

characterized by better drainage, causing more water

to flow downhill. Increased runoff increases the extent

of erosion and further shapes the landscape. The soils

on the steeper slopes commonly are more eroded and

less well developed than the less sloping soils.

Figure 5.—Water standing in a ponded area of Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.
24 Soil Survey of

Hennepin and Strawn soils on steep slopes along

stream valleys and are examples of soils with little or

shallow development (Herzog, 1994; Windhorn,

1998).

Time

The amount of time that material has been exposed

to the soil-forming processes and the rate of

development determine the stage of development. The

soil-forming cycle is associated with geologic events,

such as glaciation and flooding, that lead to

deposition, weathering, and erosion cycles.

The age of material can be determined by

correlation to similar materials of known age or by

some other dating process. Artifacts of known age as

well as fossil pollen found in the soil can give clues to

the approximate time of formation. Radiocarbon dating

of organic material is commonly used to determine the

ages of materials up to about 50,000 years old.

Soil development progresses with time. The

changes with time are expressed in morphological

features and are commonly interpreted as the result of

time. Changes in color and soil structure are the most

apparent features. The stronger the features are

expressed, the older the soil is likely to be. However,

even though a parent material may have been formed

at one time, the soils at different locations that have

different environmental histories develop at different

rates and show differences in soil structure, color, and

other properties. In general, more weathering

produces a more mature soil. Even though materials

may be deposited at the same time, they may have

developed at different rates.

The youngest soils are weakly developed and are in

areas where deposition of parent material has

occurred periodically during recent flooding along

streams. Lawson soils show weak profile development

because they are on flood plains that frequently

receive alluvial sediments. Other young soils are along

footslopes in colluvial areas. These soils have

characteristic layering that is related to the different

events of sedimentation. The stage of development in

these soils is related to the age of the parent material

in which the soils formed and the time of the

deposition. Birkbeck soils show more evidence of

horizonation because the loess and till parent

materials have been in place a much longer time than

the sediments of alluvial soils.

Nearly all the exposed soils in McLean County are

less than 12,600 years old. This age coincides with the

cessation of significant loess accumulation (Follmer,

1979; Johnson and Follmer, 1989).

The rate of the development of soils depends on

parent material, biological activity, climate, and relief.

All soil profiles reveal evidence of their stage of

development, but appearance does not always

indicate the age of the soil in terms of years.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the

broadest, these categories are the order, suborder,

great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. Table 4 shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Alfisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udalf (Ud,

meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal

horizonation, plus udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols

that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Hapludalfs.
McLean County, Illinois 25

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil

temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A

family name consists of the name of a subgroup

preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic

Hapludalfs.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and

chemical composition, and arrangement in the

profile.

27

In this section each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Each series description is

followed by detailed descriptions of the associated

detailed soil map units.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which

it formed are identified for each soil series. A pedon, a

small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of

the series in the survey area is described. In some

instances the typical pedon for the series is located

outside McLean County. The selection of typical

pedons is based on the range of characteristics of

the series as it occurs throughout a particular major

land resource area (MLRA). The Varna series, for

example, is common in MLRA 110 (Northern Illinois

and Indiana Heavy Till Plain), which includes most of

northeastern Illinois. The typical pedon for the Varna

series is located in Ford County, Illinois. The soil

properties of this pedon are representative of the

Varna soils that occur not only in Ford County but also

in McLean County and other counties within MLRA

110.

The detailed description of each soil horizon follows

standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey

Division Staff, 1993). Many of the technical terms used

in the descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil

Survey Staff, 1999) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy”

(Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Unless otherwise stated,

colors in the descriptions are for moist soil. Following

the pedon description is the range of important

characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in

the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses. More

information about each map unit is given under the

headings “Use and Management of the Soils” and “Soil

Properties.”

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. Miscellaneous

surface features that are too small or narrow to be

mapped at the scale used in the survey are identified

by a special symbol. “Gravelly spot” is an example of a

miscellaneous surface feature that is too small (less

than 3 acres) to be mapped.

The contrasting components are mentioned in the

map unit descriptions. A few areas of minor

components may not have been observed, and

consequently they are not mentioned in the

descriptions, especially where the pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous

areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units
28 Soil Survey of

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit

name in the map unit descriptions. Each description

includes general facts about the unit and gives the

principal hazards and limitations affecting specific

uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers, all the soils of

a series have major horizons that are similar in

composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers. They also can

differ in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. The name of a soil phase

commonly indicates a feature that affects use or

management. For example, Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, eroded, is a phase of the Birkbeck

series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils in such an

intricate pattern or in such small areas that they

cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern

and proportion of the soils are somewhat similar in all

areas. Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils that could be mapped individually but are

mapped as one unit because similar interpretations

can be made for use and management. The pattern

and proportion of the soils in a mapped area are not

uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the

major soils, or it can be made up of all of them. An

example of an undifferentiated group in this survey

area is Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35 percent

slopes.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Pits, gravel, is an example.

Table 5 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials

for many uses. The Glossary defines many of the

terms used in describing the soils or miscellaneous

areas.

Aetna Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, mesic Fluvaquentic

Endoaquepts

Typical Pedon

Aetna silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, on a nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 712 feet above mean sea level, in

McLean County, Illinois, 780 feet north and 590 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 22 N., R. 2

E.; USGS Heyworth, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 20 minutes 36.3 seconds north

and longitude 88 degrees 57 minutes 25.1 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0333784E 4467500N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure in the

upper part and weak thin platy structure in the

lower part; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg—8 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2),

stratified silt loam and silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Ab1—22 to 34 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2Ab2—34 to 41 inches; very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; few medium distinct brown

(10YR 5/3) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are in the matrix; few

medium prominent iron and manganese stains

and concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bgb—41 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) and dark yellowish brown
McLean County, Illinois 29

(10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are in the matrix; few

medium prominent iron and manganese stains

and concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2BCgb—46 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; in the matrix, many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese; common medium prominent

iron and manganese stains and concretions

throughout; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bw or Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2Ab1 and 2Ab2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or neutral

2Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or neutral

2BC or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

8720A—Aetna silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Aetna and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less organic matter in the substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Aetna Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.5

foot to 2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low
30 Soil Survey of

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Aetna—2w

Prime farmland status: Aetna—prime farmland where

drained

Hydric soil status: Aetna—not hydric

Andres Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Andres silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 633

feet above mean sea level, in Livingston County,

Illinois, 1,525 feet south and 510 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 30 N., R. 8 E.; USGS

Campus, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 41

degrees 02 minutes 53 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 18 minutes 16 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0390370E 4544699N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; few very fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

BA—11 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many distinct black

(10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt—14 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine dark iron and

manganese concretions throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg1—19 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few very fine

roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; few fine dark

iron and manganese concretions throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—26 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark gray

(10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine dark iron and

manganese concretions throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt—36 to 50 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm;

few very fine roots; common faint grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many

medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine dark iron and manganese

concretions throughout; 5 percent rock fragments;

very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; many medium prominent

gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 5

percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam,

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Bt or 3Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
McLean County, Illinois 31

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2C or 3C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

293A—Andres silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Andres and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

• The moderately well drained Symerton soils on rises

Properties and Qualities of the Andres Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying outwash and till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Andres—1

Prime farmland status: Andres—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Andres—not hydric

Arrowsmith Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

774 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, about 5.5 miles south and 2.5 miles west of

Arrowsmith, 650 feet south and 1,350 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 18, T. 22 N., R. 5 E.; USGS

Farmer City, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude

40 degrees 22 minutes 02.9 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 40 minutes 59.8 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0357085E 4469697N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 23 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common

faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine distinct grayish brown
32 Soil Survey of

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—23 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

BCk—30 to 39 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; very few faint dark grayish brown 2.5Y 4/2)

clay films lining pores; many fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; few medium

rounded white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented

calcium carbonate concretions throughout;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Ck—39 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; many fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; few medium

rounded white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented

calcium carbonate concretions throughout;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 26 to 33 percent

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

715A—Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Footslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Arrowsmith and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have excess lime within a depth of

40 inches

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Hartsburg and Sable soils in

swales

• The moderately well drained Elkhart soils on

shoulders above the Arrowsmith soil

Properties and Qualities of the Arrowsmith

Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate
McLean County, Illinois 33

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Arrowsmith—1

Prime farmland status: Arrowsmith—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Arrowsmith—not hydric

Ashkum Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 705 feet above mean sea level, in Will County,

Illinois, 2,030 feet east and 96 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 22, T. 34 N., R. 11 E.; USGS

Manhattan, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 41

degrees 25 minutes 28 seconds north and longitude

87 degrees 57 minutes 24 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0519100E 4603300N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common very

fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BAg—12 to 18 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct continuous black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common fine very dark

gray (7.5YR 3/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bg2—29 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

few very fine roots; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine very dark gray (10YR 3/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; in the matrix, common

fine and medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and common fine and medium distinct brown

(10YR 5/3) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese; common fine and medium

distinct gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; 8 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

2BCg—49 to 54 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak coarse angular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common fine very dark gray (10YR

3/1) very weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; in the matrix, common

fine and medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese; common fine

and medium faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions

in the matrix; 8 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg—54 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; in the matrix, common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and common

fine and medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese;

common fine faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions

in the matrix; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.
34 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 44 percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2B and 2BC horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ashkum and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the surface layer and

subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Elliott soils on slight

rises

• The moderately well drained Varna soils on

backslopes and summits above the Ashkum soil

Properties and Qualities of the Ashkum Soil

Parent material: Colluvium and the underlying till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Ashkum—2w

Prime farmland status: Ashkum—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Ashkum—hydric

Atterberry Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Atterberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 666

feet above mean sea level, in Bureau County, Illinois,

about 3 miles south and 1 mile east of Princeton,

1,650 feet north and 1,120 feet east of the southwest
McLean County, Illinois 35

corner of sec. 34, T. 16 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Princeton

South, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 41

degrees 19 minutes 31.2 seconds north and longitude

89 degrees 26 minutes 46.1 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0295276E 4577548N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 13 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate thin

platy structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

EB—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

moderate medium platy structure parting to

moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable; few

fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films and common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2

dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine rounded dark masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt—17 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

few fine roots; many distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films and common distinct light

gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of peds;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine rounded masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—24 to 33 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; common fine faint light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common fine rounded dark masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg2—33 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; many distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores;

many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common fine rounded dark masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg3—40 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores; many

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BCg—48 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable;

common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining

pores; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightely acid or neutral

EB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4
36 Soil Survey of

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

61A—Atterberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Atterberry and similar soils: 98 percent

Dissimilar soils: 2 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 40

inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The well drained Rozetta soils on rises above the

Atterberry soil

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Atterberry Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Atterberry—1

Prime farmland status: Atterberry—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Atterberry—not hydric

Birkbeck Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 2

percent slope, in a sparsely wooded area, at an

elevation of 680 feet above mean sea level, in Macon

County, Illinois, about 7 miles northeast of Decatur,

1,600 feet east and 750 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 25, T. 17 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Argenta,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 54

minutes 25.3 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

48 minutes 59.7 seconds west; UTM Zone 16S

0344720E 4418800N; NAD 27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak thin

platy structure parting to moderate very fine

granular; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate very thin platy structure; friable; few

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings

on faces of peds; few distinct gray (10YR 6/1 dry)

silt coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate very fine granular;

friable; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; few fine irregular black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

nodules throughout: moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—13 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly
McLean County, Illinois 37

cemented iron and manganese nodules

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese nodules throughout; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—29 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common

medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese nodules

throughout; few fine prominent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; slightly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt5—42 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese nodules

throughout; few fine prominent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; in the

matrix, common fine distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and few medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—54 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in

pores; few fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese nodules

throughout; common fine prominent light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; in the

matrix, common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C—60 to 68 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in pores; few fine

irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese nodules throughout; common

fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; in the matrix, common

fine faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt and 2BC horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silty clay loam, or silt loam
38 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines or ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable and Drummer soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Birkbeck Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 70

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Birkbeck—2e

Prime farmland status: Birkbeck—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Birkbeck—not hydric

233B2—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 96 percent

Dissimilar soils: 4 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable and Drummer soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Birkbeck Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 70

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Birkbeck—2e

Prime farmland status: Birkbeck—prime farmland in all

areas
McLean County, Illinois 39

Hydric soil status: Birkbeck—not hydric

233C2—Birkbeck silt loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner subsoil

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Birkbeck Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 70

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Birkbeck—3e

Prime farmland status: Birkbeck—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Birkbeck—not hydric

Brenton Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 768

feet above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois,

525 feet east and 1,620 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 15, T. 22 N., R. 6 E; USGS Bellflower,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 21

minutes 52.8 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

30 minutes 54.8 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0371340E 4469120N; NAD 27:

Ap1—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2—8 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate medium

granular; friable; common very fine roots

throughout; few very fine tubular pores;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots along

faces of peds; few very fine tubular pores; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

fine prominent iron and manganese concretions

and stains throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 22 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; friable; common

very fine and few fine roots along faces of peds;

few very fine and fine tubular pores; common

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; few fine prominent dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

fine prominent iron and manganese concretions

and stains throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—22 to 28 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium angular

blocky; friable; common very fine and few fine
40 Soil Survey of

roots along faces of peds; few very fine and fine

tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (10YR

3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; in the

matrix, few fine prominent grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions and distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—28 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to strong medium subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine and few fine roots along

faces of peds; few very fine tubular pores; few

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine prominent iron and manganese

concretions and stains throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—33 to 45 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4),

stratified loam and fine sandy loam; moderate

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots along faces of peds; few

very fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining

root channels and common distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine prominent iron and manganese concretions

and stains throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2BC—45 to 54 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots along faces of peds; few very fine tubular

pores; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels

and pores; common fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—54 to 69 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak

thick and very thick platy rock structure; very

friable; few very fine roots throughout; many very

fine horizontal tubular pores between plates and

few very fine vertical tubular pores through the

plates; many very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2)

organo-clay films lining root channels and pores;

common fine and medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common very fine and

fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses that have

accumulated manganese and are in the matrix;

slightly effervescent; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—69 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt; massive;

very friable; few very fine roots throughout; few

very fine tubular pores; common fine and

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6

and 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron and

are in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 33

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt and 2BC horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—stratified

loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silt

with strata of sandy loam or loam in some

pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume
McLean County, Illinois 41

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Footslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Brenton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with a silty subsoil that extends to a depth of

60 or more inches

• Soils that have more than 15 percent gravel in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Brenton Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Brenton—1

Prime farmland status: Brenton—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Brenton—not hydric

Camden Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a

2 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

717 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 410 feet west-northwest of Patton Creek, 1,890

feet north and 350 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 21, T. 25 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Merna, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 36

minutes 30.4 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

45 minutes 47.6 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0350831E 4496576N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; many very fine and few

fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many very fine and few fine roots; many

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt

coatings on faces of peds; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2

dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—24 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.
42 Soil Survey of

2Bt4—31 to 41 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common fine faint

brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 3 percent gravel; strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt5—41 to 50 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; in the matrix few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and brown (10YR 5/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2BCt—50 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam with strata of sandy loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3)

iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 22 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

BE horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt and 2BC horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silt loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—stratified sandy

loam, loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

134B2—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Camden and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have more than 10 percent gravel in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Camden Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
McLean County, Illinois 43

Available water capacity: About 10.0 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Camden—2e

Prime farmland status: Camden—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Camden—not hydric

134C2—Camden silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or stream terraces

Position on landform: Shoulders or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Camden and similar soils: 97 percent

Dissimilar soils: 3 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have more than 10 percent gravel in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Camden Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Camden—3e

Prime farmland status: Camden—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Camden—not hydric

Catlin Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 791 feet

above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois, 330

feet east and 70 feet south of the northwest corner of

sec. 11, T. 23 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Bloomington West,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 28

minutes 22.3 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

4 minutes 34.5 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0323989E 4482099N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable: neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—11 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; strong fine and medium angular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine prominent stains of iron and

manganese throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—26 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent stains

of iron and manganese throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.
44 Soil Survey of

2Bt3—41 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; very few faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining root

channels; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent stains of iron and manganese

throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; very slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—45 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common fine and

medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent stains

of iron and manganese throughout; few fine

prominent masses of carbonate accumulation

throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35

percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2BC or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Taxadjunct Features

Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, and

Catlin silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, are

taxadjuncts because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. In addition,

Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, is

slightly wetter. These differences, however, do not

significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soils. Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, eroded, is a fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf. Catlin silt loam,

5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, is a fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalf.

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are shallower to a loamy substratum

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer because of

erosion

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
McLean County, Illinois 45

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Catlin—2e

Prime farmland status: Catlin—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Catlin—not hydric

171B2—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are shallower to a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Catlin—2e

Prime farmland status: Catlin—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Catlin—not hydric

171C2—Catlin silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are shallower to a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight
46 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Catlin—3e

Prime farmland status: Catlin—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Catlin—not hydric

893B—Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 45 percent

Saybrook and similar soils: 35 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas: 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a slope of 5 to 7 percent

Dissimilar components:

• Orthents, loamy, in areas that are used for

landscaping

• Urban land in areas that are built up

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• Soils that have a slope of more than 7 percent

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Saybrook Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Catlin and Saybrook—

2e

Prime farmland status: Catlin and Saybrook—prime

farmland in all areas

Hydric soil status: Catlin and Saybrook—not hydric

Chenoa Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

724 feet above mean sea level, in Livingston County,

Illinois, 369 feet south and 225 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 32, T. 27 N., R. 4 E.; USGS

Flanagan South, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 46 minutes 7.9 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 46 minutes 36.4 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0350037E 4514410N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
McLean County, Illinois 47

BA—10 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; many distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—20 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common fine faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

fine prominent masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—28 to 37 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common medium prominent gray (N 6/) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—37 to 42 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

friable; few very fine roots; few faint grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

medium prominent gray (N 6/) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2BCk—42 to 47 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many medium

prominent gray (N 6/) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; few fine prominent white

(N 8/) masses of carbonate accumulation

throughout; 1 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Ck—47 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; few very fine roots; many

medium prominent gray (N 6/) iron depletions in

the matrix; many medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and

are in the matrix; few fine prominent masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; few fine prominent white

(N 8/) masses of carbonate accumulation

throughout; 1 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42

percent

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 45 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
48 Soil Survey of

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam or silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Taxadjunct Feature

Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded, is a taxadjunct because the dark surface layer

is thinner than is defined as the range for the series.

This difference, however, does not significantly affect

the use, management, or interpretations of the soil.

The soil is a fine, illitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf.

614B—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Chenoa and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

• Soils that have a clayey substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Graymont and Varna

soils on shoulders and backslopes above the

Chenoa soil

• The poorly drained Ashkum and Elpaso soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Chenoa Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Chenoa—2e

Prime farmland status: Chenoa—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Chenoa—not hydric

614B2—Chenoa silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Chenoa and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

• Soils that have a clayey substratum

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Graymont and Varna

soils on shoulders and backslopes above the

Chenoa soil

• The poorly drained Ashkum and Elpaso soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Chenoa Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow
McLean County, Illinois 49

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Chenoa—2e

Prime farmland status: Chenoa—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Chenoa—not hydric

Clare Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 731 feet

above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois,

1,560 feet north and 2,070 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 26, T. 25 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Cooksville,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 35

minutes 34.1 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

42 minutes 52.1 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0354918E 4494749N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; many very fine roots;

common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

BA—11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting

to moderate fine granular; friable; common very

fine roots; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine prominent masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—24 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—30 to 44 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C—44 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam with strata of loam; massive; friable; common

medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common medium

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 32

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—2 to 6
50 Soil Survey of

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine earth-fraction—silty clay loam,

clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, silt loam, loam,

gravelly loam, or gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

663A—Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Clare and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of more than 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils on

toeslopes below the Clare soil

Properties and Qualities of the Clare Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Clare—1

Prime farmland status: Clare—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Clare—not hydric

Dana Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Feature

The Dana soils in this survey area are taxadjuncts

because the dark surface layer is thinner than is

defined as the range for the series. This difference,

however, does not significantly affect the use,

management, or interpretations of the soils. The soils

are fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic

Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a 4

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

720 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 152 feet east and 924 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 21 N., R. 2 E.; USGS

Heyworth, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 17 minutes 40.1 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 59 minutes 48 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0330290E 4462130N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam mixed with dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) subsoil material; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
McLean County, Illinois 51

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark brown (10YR

3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—11 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

and brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

few fine prominent iron and manganese

concretions and stains throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—19 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and faint brown

(10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron and manganese stains and

concretions throughout; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Bt4—34 to 44 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky;

friable; few fine brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron and manganese concretions and

stains throughout; 3 percent fine gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2BC—44 to 53 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; few fine

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout; 3

percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—53 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common fine and medium

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout; 4

percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Dana and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are deeper to loamy material

• Soils that are shallower to loamy material

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales
52 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Dana Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Dana—2e

Prime farmland status: Dana—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Dana—not hydric

56C2—Dana silty clay loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Dana and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are deeper to loamy material

• Soils that are shallower to loamy material

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Dana Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Dana—3e

Prime farmland status: Dana—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Dana—not hydric

Drummer Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 715 feet above mean sea level, in Champaign

County, Illinois, on the University of Illinois South

Farm, 1 mile south of Urbana, 1,600 feet east and 300

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N.,

R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 05 minutes 04

seconds north and longitude 88 degrees 13 minutes

58 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0394896E

4437648N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; firm; many fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine
McLean County, Illinois 53

granular; firm; many fine and medium roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many

fine and medium roots; few fine faint very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg—19 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine

roots; common fine distinct and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many

wormholes; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—25 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky;

firm; many fine roots; common distinct dark gray

(N 4/) clay films on faces of peds; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2—32 to 41 inches; gray (N 5/) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few

distinct dark gray (N 4/) clay films on faces of

peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—41 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/) loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

of iron in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Cg—47 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), stratified

loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; many

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are in the matrix; many medium distinct gray (N 5/)

iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 20 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 65 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2B and 2BC horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, silt loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—stratified

loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that are subject to flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Clare soils on rises

above the Drummer soil
54 Soil Survey of

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton and Elburn

soils on slight rises above the Drummer soil

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Drummer—2w

Prime farmland status: Drummer—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Drummer—hydric

721A—Drummer and Elpaso silty clay

loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 45 percent

Elpaso and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that are subject to flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Catlin soils on rises

above the Drummer and Elpaso soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan and Elburn

soils on slight rises above the Drummer and Elpaso

soils

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Properties and Qualities of the Elpaso Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over silty till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow or moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 13.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Drummer and Elpaso—2w
McLean County, Illinois 55

Prime farmland status: Drummer and Elpaso—prime

farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Drummer and Elpaso—hydric

Edgington Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls

Typical Pedon

Edgington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 898

feet above mean sea level, in Carroll County, Illinois,

222 feet west and 45 feet north of the southeast

corner of the northeast quarter of sec. 5, T. 25 N., R. 7

E.; USGS Shannon, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 42 degrees 11 minutes 30.1 seconds north

and longitude 89 degrees 42 minutes 31 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0276339E 4674398N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

many roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A—16 to 20 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—20 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak

medium platy structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common roots; few fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; common fine prominent black (10YR

2/1) manganese nodules and concretions

throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—31 to 35 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few roots; few dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules and concretions throughout;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg2—35 to 41 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm;

few roots; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; in the matrix, few fine

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron; common fine

prominent black (10YR 2/1) manganese nodules

and concretions throughout; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3—41 to 49 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium and coarse prismatic structure

parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; few

roots; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; in the matrix, common fine

prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules and concretions throughout;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg4—49 to 55 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) and light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; weak

medium and coarse angular blocky structure; firm;

few roots; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; in the matrix, many fine

prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules and concretions throughout;

a very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovina crossing the

horizon; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—55 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1), yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6), and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; few fine prominent dark

brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and are in the matrix; slightly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid
56 Soil Survey of

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

272A—Edgington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Edgington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that do not have a silty subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Normal soils on slight

rises

Properties and Qualities of the Edgington

Soil

Parent material: Silty loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Edgington—2w

Prime farmland status: Edgington—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Edgington—hydric

Elburn Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 617

feet above mean sea level, in Christian County, Illinois,

2,716 feet north and 1,300 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 36, T. 14 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Assumption,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 37

minutes 4.7 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

01 minute 45.8 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0325797E 4387107N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

many very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—6 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

many very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and dark gray

(10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; in the

matrix, few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses that have accumulated iron and few

fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese; few fine

prominent iron and manganese concretions

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;
McLean County, Illinois 57

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and

common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

fine prominent iron and manganese concretions

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films and dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces

of peds; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

fine prominent iron and manganese concretions

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—36 to 43 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few

prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films and few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions throughout; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—43 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; many medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent iron

and manganese concretions throughout; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg2—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films and dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films lining pores;

common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few very fine iron and

manganese concretions throughout; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg—58 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified sandy loam and loamy sand; massive;

very friable; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—stratified silt

loam, sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—stratified sandy

loam, loamy sand, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Footslopes or summits
58 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Elburn and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have more than 10 percent gravel in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The well drained Plano soils on summits above the

Elburn soil

Properties and Qualities of the Elburn Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Elburn—1

Prime farmland status: Elburn—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Elburn—not hydric

Elkhart Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Features

Elkhart silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, and Elkhart

silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, are taxadjuncts

because they are slightly wetter than is defined for the

series and because they have a calcic horizon. In

addition, Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded, has a thinner surface layer. These differences,

however, do not significantly affect the use,

management, or interpretations of the soils. Elkhart silt

loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, and Elkhart silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, are fine-silty, mixed, superactive,

mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls. Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes, eroded, is a fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon

Elkhart silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 2 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 804 feet

above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois, 528

feet west and 726 feet north of the southeast corner of

sec. 20, T. 22 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Heyworth, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 20

minutes 36.1 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

52 minutes 58.8 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0340068E 4467357N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

medium angular blocky structure; friable;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—25 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; in the matrix, few fine

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses

that have accumulated iron; few fine prominent

iron and manganese concretions and stains

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btk—30 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

weak fine and medium prismatic structure; friable;

few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-
McLean County, Illinois 59

clay films occurring as linings in root channels; in

the matrix, common fine and medium faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout;

few fine prominent masses of carbonate

accumulation throughout; slightly effervescent; 1

percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Ck—35 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; in the matrix, common fine

and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions and prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron;

few fine prominent iron and manganese

concretions and stains throughout; common fine

prominent masses of carbonate accumulation

throughout; violently effervescent; 23 percent

calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BA and B horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately

alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silt

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

567A—Elkhart silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Elkhart and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have excess lime within a depth of

40 inches

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Hartsburg soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

toeslopes below the Elkhart soil

Properties and Qualities of the Elkhart Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Elkhart—1

Prime farmland status: Elkhart—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Elkhart—not hydric
60 Soil Survey of

567B—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Elkhart and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have excess lime within a depth of

40 inches

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Hartsburg soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

toeslopes below the Elkhart soil

Properties and Qualities of the Elkhart Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Elkhart—2e

Prime farmland status: Elkhart—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Elkhart—not hydric

567B2—Elkhart silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Elkhart and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have excess lime within a depth of

40 inches

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Hartsburg soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

toeslopes below the Elkhart soil

Properties and Qualities of the Elkhart Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Elkhart—2e

Prime farmland status: Elkhart—prime farmland in all

areas
McLean County, Illinois 61

Hydric soil status: Elkhart—not hydric

Elliot Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Elliot silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 704 feet

above mean sea level, in Livingston County, Illinois,

about 2 miles east of Emmington, 690 feet south and

2,436 feet west of the center of sec. 21, T. 29 N., R. 8

E.; USGS Cullom, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 58 minutes 11 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 19 minutes 58 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0387856E 4536039N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—6 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 16 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 23 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable;

few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—23 to 28 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable;

few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt4—28 to 35 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine prominent black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few medium prominent white (10YR 8/1)

moderately cemented calcium carbonate

concretions throughout; 1 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—35 to 41 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine

roots; common distinct gray (5Y 6/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cd—41 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; massive; very firm; common fine prominent

gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 45 percent

Depth to carbonates: 17 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay, silty

clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6
62 Soil Survey of

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silty clay, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2BC and 2Cd horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Footslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Elliott and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Elliott Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material over clayey till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 20 to 45

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Elliott—2w

Prime farmland status: Elliott—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Elliott—not hydric

Elpaso Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 715 feet above mean sea level, in Woodford County,

Illinois, about 2 miles north of El Paso, 210 feet north

and 320 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 30, T.

27 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Benson, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 46 minutes 03

seconds north and longitude 89 degrees 01 minute 34

seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0328989E 4514611N;

NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; firm; many very fine and fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 21 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many

very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bg—21 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; many fine roots; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) masses that have accumulated iron and

are in the matrix; few fine prominent masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btg1—35 to 44 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common fine roots; common distinct dark
McLean County, Illinois 63

gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; in the

matrix, common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese; common fine prominent iron and

manganese accumulations throughout; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Btg2—44 to 53 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; in the matrix, common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and common fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron; common fine prominent masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; 5 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—53 to 69 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam;

weak medium and coarse prismatic structure;

firm; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films

on faces of peds; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 4 percent gravel; slight

effervescence, starting at a depth of 63 inches;

slightly alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary.

2C—69 to 80 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34

percent

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 65 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

721A—Drummer and Elpaso silty clay

loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 45 percent

Elpaso and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that are subject to flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Catlin soils on rises

above the Drummer and Elpaso soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan and Elburn

soils on slight rises above the Drummer and Elpaso

soils
64 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Properties and Qualities of the Elpaso Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over silty till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow or moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 13.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Drummer and Elpaso—

2w

Prime farmland status: Drummer and Elpaso—prime

farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Drummer and Elpaso—hydric

Fincastle Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

673 feet above mean sea level, in Vermilion County,

Illinois, 2,460 feet north and 1,200 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 4, T. 18 N., R. 11 W.; USGS

Danville Southeast, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 02 minutes 58.6 seconds north

and longitude 87 degrees 36 minutes 17.6 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0448404E 4433225N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; friable; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—10 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

coatings on faces of peds; common fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bt2—24 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; many fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common fine prominent
McLean County, Illinois 65

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—35 to 43 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 5 percent

fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

2BC—43 to 49 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings lining pores;

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common fine

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 5

percent fine and medium gravel; very slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Cd—49 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; massive; firm; common fine distinct grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 33 percent

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BE horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 14 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bulk density—1.65 to 1.80 grams/cc

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines or ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Fincastle and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales
66 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Fincastle Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot

to 2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Fincastle—2w

Prime farmland status: Fincastle—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Fincastle—not hydric

Flanagan Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1

percent slope, in a grass border of the University of

Illinois experimental plots, at an elevation of 730 feet

above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois,

about 1 mile south of Champaign, on the University of

Illinois South Farm, 1,607 feet east and 1,405 feet

north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9

E.; USGS Urbana, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 05 minutes 14 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 13 minutes 57 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0394924E 4437956N; NAD 27:

A1—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A2—8 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A3—15 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 32 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3

and 4/3) masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common fine faint light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—38 to 45 inches; 40 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6), 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2), and 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt5—45 to 49 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent

fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—49 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium

prominent white (10YR 8/1) rounded weakly

cemented calcium carbonate nodules throughout;

5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.
McLean County, Illinois 67

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42

percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silt

loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Flanagan and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Flanagan Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Flanagan—1

Prime farmland status: Flanagan—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Flanagan—not hydric

Fox Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Fox silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on an 8

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

708 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 1,760 feet north and 520 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 25 N., R. 4 E.; USGS

Merna, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40
68 Soil Survey of

degrees 36 minutes 29 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 45 minutes 45 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0350888E 4496525N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few

fine prominent masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—22 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine prominent masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; 10 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—28 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine prominent masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 15 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C—35 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand with strata of loamy sand;

single grain; loose; 20 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam,

or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or moderately acid

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, or the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—stratified sand, coarse sand, loamy

sand, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 90 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

327B2—Fox silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces or outwash plains

Position on landform: Shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Fox and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a sandy and gravelly substratum

closer to the surface

• Soils that have a slope of less than 2 percent
McLean County, Illinois 69

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Selma soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Fox Soil

Parent material: Loess over sand and gravel

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 20 to 40 inches

Available water capacity: About 6.0 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Fox—2e

Prime farmland status: Fox—prime farmland in all areas

Hydric soil status: Fox—not hydric

327C2—Fox silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or stream terraces

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Fox and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are deeper to a sandy and gravelly

substratum

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Selma soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Fox Soil

Parent material: Loess over sand and gravel

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 20 to 40 inches

Available water capacity: About 5.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Fox—3e

Prime farmland status: Fox—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Fox—not hydric

Graymont Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Features

The Graymont soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because they have a thinner dark surface

layer and are slightly wetter than is defined as the

range for the series. These differences, however, do

not significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soils. The soils are fine-silty,

mixed, superactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on

a 3 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 745 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 83 feet north and 2,611 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 26 N., R. 2 E.; USGS

Gridley, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 42 minutes 33.9 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 57 minutes 25.5 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0334676E 4508126N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.
70 Soil Survey of

Bt1—8 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; common faint

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 34 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm;

few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine distinct dark

gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 1

percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2BC—34 to 39 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few

faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on

faces of peds and in root channels and pores; few

fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—39 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; massive; very firm; few fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 1 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2B and 2BC horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Graymont and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have a thicker subsoil

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Graymont Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 45

inches
McLean County, Illinois 71

Available water capacity: About 9.0 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Graymont—2e

Prime farmland status: Graymont—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Graymont—not hydric

Harpster Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 740 feet above mean sea level, in Ford County,

Illinois, 855 feet south and 70 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 23 N., R. 7 E.; USGS

Gibson City West, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 26 minutes 24 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 25 minutes 23 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0379306E 4477356N; NAD 27:

Apk—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

snail shells; strongly effervescent (20 percent

calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Ak—9 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; firm; common very fine

roots; many snail shells; strongly effervescent (18

percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium angular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common fine distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; few snail shells; slightly effervescent (7

percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—25 to 31 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium angular

blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct olive (5Y 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; few snail shells;

slightly effervescent (5 percent calcium

carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg3—31 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct olive (5Y 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent

(2 percent calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg4—36 to 41 inches; 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y

4/4), 35 percent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), and 25

percent gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (2 percent

calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—41 to 56 inches; 55 percent gray (5Y 5/1), 40

percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), and 5 percent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam;

massive; firm; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate);

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—56 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam, massive;

friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 8 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3
72 Soil Survey of

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately alkaline or slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately alkaline

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Harpster and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime at a depth of more than

8 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Elkhart soils on rises

above the Harpster soil

Properties and Qualities of the Harpster Soil

Parent material: Calcareous loess or other silty

material over drift

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Harpster—2w

Prime farmland status: Harpster—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Harpster—hydric

Hartsburg Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 571 feet above mean sea level, in Logan County,

Illinois, about 4 miles southwest of Emden, 660 feet

west and 40 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

23, T. 21 N., R. 4 W.; USGS New Holland, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 14

minutes 58 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

31 minutes 28 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0285283E 4458291N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A2—12 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; firm; few very fine roots; few

fine prominent rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions with diffuse boundaries along root

channels and pores; few fine distinct dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.
McLean County, Illinois 73

Bg—17 to 21 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine prominent

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

krotovinas; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg—21 to 30 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) pressure faces on peds; few fine prominent

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine and medium prominent rounded white

(10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate

concretions throughout; common very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) krotovinas; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

BCkg—30 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct gray (N 5/) and

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) linings in pores and root

channels; few fine prominent rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions with diffuse

boundaries lining pores; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many

medium and coarse prominent rounded white

(10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate

concretions throughout; common very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) krotovinas; violently effervescent

among concretions, slightly effervescent in the fine

earth; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Ckg—34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; massive; friable; many medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that

have accumulated iron and diffuse boundaries and

are lining pores; few medium prominent rounded

white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium

carbonate concretions throughout; common very

dark gray 10YR 3/1) krotovinas; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35

percent

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 35 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hartsburg and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have excess lime within a depth of

40 inches

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

slight rises

• The moderately well drained Elkhart soils on

backslopes and summits above the Hartsburg soil
74 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Hartsburg Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Hartsburg—2w

Prime farmland status: Hartsburg—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Hartsburg—hydric

Hennepin Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Eutrudepts

Typical Pedon

Hennepin loam, in an area of Miami and Hennepin

soils, 10 to 18 percent slopes, on a 11 percent slope,

in pasture-hayland, at an elevation of 757 feet above

mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois, 2,000 feet

west and 125 feet south of the northeast corner of sec.

19, T. 25 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Normal West, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 37

minutes 12.9 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

01 minute 48.5 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0328280E 4498378N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak medium granular; friable; few

medium roots; many faint very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 1

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—5 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—9 to 16 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C—16 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loam; massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 30 percent

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 15 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, silt loam,

clay loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

964D—Miami and Hennepin soils, 10 to 18

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines
McLean County, Illinois 75

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hennepin and similar soils: 45 percent

Miami and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thin subsoil of clayey material

• Soils that have a sandy and/or gravelly substratum

• Soils that are moderately eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Hennepin Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 20

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas;

moderate or severe in areas of cropland

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami and Hennepin—4e

Prime farmland status: Miami and Hennepin—not

prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami and Hennepin—not hydric

964F—Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hennepin and similar soils: 45 percent

Miami and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are moderately eroded

• Soils that have a thin subsoil of clayey material

• Soils that have a sandy and/or gravelly substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent
76 Soil Survey of

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas;

moderate or severe in areas of cropland

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Hennepin Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 20

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Low for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Very high

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami and Hennepin—6e

Prime farmland status: Miami and Hennepin—not

prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami and Hennepin—not hydric

Huntsville Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Huntsville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, on a 2 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 667 feet above mean sea level, in Knox

County, Illinois, about 5 miles east and 2 miles north of

Victoria, 2,475 feet east and 495 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 1, T. 12 N., R. 4 E.; USGS

Lafayette, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 41

degrees 03 minutes 37.8 seconds north and longitude

89 degrees 59 minutes 42.1 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0248323E 4549585N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—10 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

fine granular structure; friable; few faint very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—16 to 27 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; few faint very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

AC—27 to 52 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1—52 to 65 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam;

massive; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—65 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and are in the matrix; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

few coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine prominent black (N2/) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 27 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

AC horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume
McLean County, Illinois 77

Reaction—neutral

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or

stratified loam, sandy loam, and silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

8077A—Huntsville silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Huntsville and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil and substratum

• Soils that have a sandy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Huntsville Soil

Parent material: Alluvium

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 13.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 3.5 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Huntsville—2w

Prime farmland status: Huntsville—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Huntsville—not hydric

Ipava Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Ipava silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 804 feet

above mean sea level, in Knox County, Illinois, about

0.25 mile northeast of Oneida, 2,046 feet west and

594 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 25, T. 13

N., R. 2 E.; USGS Oneida, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 04 minutes 40

seconds north and longitude 90 degrees 13 minutes

03 seconds west; UTM Zone 15T 0733756E

4550910N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—18 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few

fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg1—24 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable;

common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine prominent light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—31 to 37 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure
78 Soil Survey of

parting to moderate medium angular blocky;

friable; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; few fine

prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

BCg—37 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky;

friable; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films lining pores and on a few

vertical faces of peds; common fine faint light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; common fine

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and manganese oxide

stains on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; few faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine prominent black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; few fine prominent black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and manganese stains on faces

of vertical cracks; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BA, B, and BC horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

43A—Ipava silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ipava and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with less clay in the subsoil

• Soils with loamy outwash or till in the substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

• The well drained Osco soils on rises above the Ipava

soil

Properties and Qualities of the Ipava Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium
McLean County, Illinois 79

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Ipava—1

Prime farmland status: Ipava—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Ipava—not hydric

902A—Ipava-Sable complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Ipava and similar soils: 60 percent

Sable and similar soils: 20 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas: 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

• Soils that have a slope of 3 to 5 percent

Dissimilar components:

• Orthents, loamy, and Urban land in areas where

development is intensive

• The very poorly drained Peotone soils in closed

depressions

• The moderately well drained Catlin soils on rises

above the Ipava soil

Properties and Qualities of the Ipava Soil

Parent material: Silty loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Sable Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Ipava—1; Sable—2w

Prime farmland status: Ipava and Sable—prime

farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Ipava—not hydric; Sable—hydric

Kane Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Kane silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 860 feet

above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois, 335

feet north and 1,790 feet east of the southwest corner

of sec. 17, T. 23 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Arrowsmith, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 16

minutes 39.1 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

33 minutes 16.9 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0358997E 4478067N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate very fine and
80 Soil Survey of

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine

and fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; few very fine roots; few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine faint yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are in the matrix; 1 percent

gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 24 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; moderate fine and very fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 2 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—24 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 5 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg—30 to 35 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; few distinct dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 14 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—35 to 68 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; few very

fine roots; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 27

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg2—68 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) loamy sand;

single grain; loose; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

fine prominent masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

10 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 34 percent

in the fine-loamy upper part of the profile and 0 to

10 percent in the sandy lower part

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B or 2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loamy sand,

coarse sand, or sand
McLean County, Illinois 81

Content of rock fragments—average of 15 to 75

percent, by volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

343A—Kane silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or outwash terraces

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Kane and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Selma and Drummer soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Kane Soil

Parent material: Loess and/or outwash over sand and

gravel

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 20 to 40 inches

Available water capacity: About 6.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Kane—1

Prime farmland status: Kane—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Kane—not hydric

Kaneville Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

721 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 3,100 feet north and 2,850 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 25 N., R. 3 E.; USGS

Lexington, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 39 minutes 25.9 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 52 minutes 28.3 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0341530E 4502170N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

thin platy structure; friable; few faint dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common faint brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—31 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure; friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine prominent dark

gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt4—46 to 50 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine prominent dark gray (10YR

4/1) iron depletions; few fine faint yellowish brown
82 Soil Survey of

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

sandy loam; massive; friable; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, or silt loam; stratified in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam,

loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

667A—Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces or outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Kaneville and similar soils: 87 percent

Dissimilar soils: 13 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have a thinner and lighter colored surface

layer

• Soils that have a loamy substratum closer to the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Edgington and Drummer soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Kaneville Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Kaneville—1

Prime farmland status: Kaneville—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Kaneville—not hydric
McLean County, Illinois 83

667B—Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Kaneville and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have a thinner and lighter colored surface

layer

• Soils that have a loamy substratum closer to the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Edgington and Drummer soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Kaneville Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Kaneville—2e

Prime farmland status: Kaneville—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Kaneville—not hydric

Keomah Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric

Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Keomah silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

655 feet above mean sea level, in Adams County,

Illinois, 2,495 feet south and 300 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 2 N., R. 7 W.; USGS

Loraine, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 11 minutes 23.3 seconds north and longitude

91 degrees 12 minutes 13.2 seconds west; UTM Zone

15T 0652918E 4450162N; NAD 27:

Ap1—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

thick platy structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; many very fine and fine

roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2—6 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium platy structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are along pores; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—11 to 18 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium

platy structure parting to weak fine subangular

blocky; friable; common fine roots; few faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds and in pores; few faint light gray

(10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings throughout; common

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—18 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common

fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

clay films on faces of peds; many fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; few fine faint grayish
84 Soil Survey of

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions throughout;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—25 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

clay films on faces of peds and few faint pressure

faces; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common fine prominent black (2.5Y

2.5/1) masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—33 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions throughout; many fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common fine prominent

black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and are throughout the

horizon; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—44 to 51 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure;

firm; few fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films in root channels and/or

pores; many medium and coarse prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

BC1—51 to 63 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable;

few very fine roots; common prominent very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root

channels and/or pores; many medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BC2—63 to 76 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable;

common prominent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root channels

and/or pores; many medium and coarse strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

C—76 to 89 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt

loam; massive; friable; common medium

prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid

BC and C horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline
McLean County, Illinois 85

17A—Keomah silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Keomah and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with a thicker and darker surface layer

• Soils with less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The well drained Rozetta soils on rises above the

Keomah soil

• The poorly drained Edgington soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Keomah Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.5

foot to 2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Keomah—2w

Prime farmland status: Keomah—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Keomah—not hydric

La Rose Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

La Rose silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on

an 8 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 870 feet above mean sea level, in Lee County,

Illinois, about 4 miles northeast of Compton, 2,342 feet

north and 114 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.

33, T. 38 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Compton, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 43

minutes 22.6 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

01 minute 07 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0332091E

4620773N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; few

brown (7.5YR 4/4) peds of Bt material mixed

throughout; 1 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; common thin dark brown (10YR

3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings lining root channels; 1 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—14 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings lining

root channels; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

C1—19 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

C2—42 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent, by

volume
86 Soil Survey of

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BC or C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

60B2—La Rose silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

La Rose and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are silty to a depth of 24 or more inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the La Rose Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 24

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: La Rose—2e

Prime farmland status: La Rose—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: La Rose—not hydric

60C2—La Rose silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

La Rose and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are silty to a depth of 24 or more inches

• Soils that are severely eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the La Rose Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 24

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight
McLean County, Illinois 87

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: La Rose—3e

Prime farmland status: La Rose—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: La Rose—not hydric

60D2—La Rose silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

La Rose and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are silty to a depth of 24 or more inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the La Rose Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 24

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: La Rose—4e

Prime farmland status: La Rose—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: La Rose—not hydric

Lawson Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Cumulic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Lawson silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, on a nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 699 feet above mean sea level, in

Bureau County, Illinois, 1,040 feet east and 318 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 17 N., R. 9

E.; USGS Princeton North, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 27 minutes 53.9

seconds north and longitude 89 degrees 29 minutes

13.3 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0292303E

4593160N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak medium granular structure; friable; few

medium roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A1—11 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; few medium roots; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

A2—19 to 28 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; few

medium roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg1—28 to 50 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; in the matrix, few fine faint brown

(10YR 4/3) masses that have accumulated iron

and manganese and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron; common very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) krotovinas; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg2—50 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few medium roots; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) krotovinas; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 28 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches
88 Soil Survey of

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—dominantly silt

loam or silty clay loam; loam or sandy loam

below a depth of 40 inches in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

8451A—Lawson silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Lawson and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Lawson Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Lawson—2w

Prime farmland status: Lawson—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Lawson—not hydric

Lisbon Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a 1 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 794 feet

above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois,

1,557 feet north and 550 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 19, T. 24 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Colfax,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 31

minutes 7.8 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

33 minutes 23.4 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0368141E 4486304N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

AB—11 to 14 inches; 60 percent very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) and 40 percent brown (10YR

4/3) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; firm; many distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions
McLean County, Illinois 89

in the matrix; few fine distinct iron stains on faces

of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

and few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct

iron stains on faces of peds; few fine prominent

iron and manganese concretions throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—25 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm;

common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine prominent iron stains on

faces of peds; few fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions throughout; 1 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—32 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; common medium prominent gray

(N 6/) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; few medium

distinct iron stains on faces of rock structure peds;

1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

59A—Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Lisbon and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have loamy material closer to the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Lisbon Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 42

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High
90 Soil Survey of

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Lisbon—1

Prime farmland status: Lisbon—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Lisbon—not hydric

Lorenzo Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic

Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Feature

The Lorenzo soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soils. The

soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Lorenzo silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a

4 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

646 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 1,056 feet north and 495 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 23, T. 22 N., R. 1 W.; USGS

McLean, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 20 minutes 37 seconds north and longitude

89 degrees 10 minutes 15.1 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0315617E 4467943N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; mixed dark brown (10YR 3/3) and

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt loam, brown (10YR

5/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; friable; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 14 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout; 10

percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—14 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR

3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine iron

and manganese concretions and stains

throughout; 14 percent fine and medium gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C—22 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly sand; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 20 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or the

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 35 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—20 to 90 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

318B2—Lorenzo silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash terraces

Position on landform: Shoulders or summits

Map Unit Composition

Lorenzo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker subsoil

• Soils with a slope of less than 2 percent
McLean County, Illinois 91

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Selma soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Kane soils on

toeslopes below the Lorenzo soil

Properties and Qualities of the Lorenzo Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash over sandy and

gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 12 to 24 inches

Available water capacity: About 4.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Lorenzo—3s

Prime farmland status: Lorenzo—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Lorenzo—not hydric

Martinsville Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Martinsville silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded,

on a 15 percent slope, in a pasture, at an elevation of

765 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 1,860 feet north and 1,360 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 5, T. 22 N., R. 3 E.; USGS

Bloomington East, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 23 minutes 25 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 53 minutes 46 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0339062E 4472599N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; 75 percent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and 25 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; common distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BE—6 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

medium platy structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; friable; common very

fine roots; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3)

organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—28 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—41 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam; weak medium prismatic

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 22 to 33 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BE horizon:

Hue—10YR
92 Soil Survey of

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam; stratified

in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

570D2—Martinsville silt loam, 10 to 18

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Martinsville and similar soils: 98 percent

Dissimilar soils: 2 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the Martinsville

Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Martinsville—4e

Prime farmland status: Martinsville—not prime

farmland

Hydric soil status: Martinsville—not hydric

Mayville Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on

a 3 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 741 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 587 feet north and 250 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 8, T. 25 N., R. 2 E.; USGS

El Paso, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 38 minutes 12.7 seconds north and longitude

89 degrees 01 minute 19.7 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0328992E 4500196N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and

brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

EB—6 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam; moderate medium platy structure; very

friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; many distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine iron stains on faces of peds in the lower part

of the horizon; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—19 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine iron
McLean County, Illinois 93

stains on faces of peds; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 34 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; few faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds and

in root channels; common medium masses that

have accumulated iron and are on faces of peds;

few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2C—34 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam;

massive; friable; common medium masses that

have accumulated iron and are on faces of peds;

few medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BE or EB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or

the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—3 to 30 percent gravel

and 0 to 5 percent cobbles, by volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

193B2—Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Mayville and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy substratum at a greater

depth

• Soils that have a slope of 5 to 7 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Mayville Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 44

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April
94 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Mayville—2e

Prime farmland status: Mayville—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Mayville—not hydric

193C2—Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Mayville and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy substratum at a greater

depth

• Soils that have a slope of 3 to 5 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Mayville Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 44

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Mayville—3e

Prime farmland status: Mayville—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Mayville—not hydric

Miami Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Miami silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, on a

12 percent slope, in an area of woodland, at an

elevation of 845 feet above mean sea level, in McLean

County, Illinois, 1,500 feet north and 1,400 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 26, T. 23 N., R. 4 E.;

USGS Arrowsmith, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 25 minutes 03.1 seconds north

and longitude 88 degrees 43 minutes 16.7 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0353961E 4475311N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam mixed with dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) subsurface material; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—4 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint dark

brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—12 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent iron

and manganese concretions and stains

throughout; 5 percent fine gravel; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3—19 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine prominent iron and manganese

concretions and stains throughout; 5 percent fine

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2BCt—28 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)
McLean County, Illinois 95

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine prominent iron and

manganese concretions and stains throughout; 5

percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cd—33 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine and medium prominent iron

and manganese concretions and stains

throughout; 10 percent fine and medium gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

2B or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

27B2—Miami silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Miami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a sandy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight
96 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami—2e

Prime farmland status: Miami—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Miami—not hydric

27C2—Miami silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Miami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a sandy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami—3e

Prime farmland status: Miami—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami—not hydric

27D2—Miami silt loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Miami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a sandy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High
McLean County, Illinois 97

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami—4e

Prime farmland status: Miami—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami—not hydric

964D—Miami and Hennepin soils, 10 to 18

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hennepin and similar soils: 45 percent

Miami and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are moderately eroded

• Soils that have a thin subsoil of clayey material

• Soils that have a sandy and/or gravelly substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Hennepin Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 20

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami and Hennepin—

4e

Prime farmland status: Miami and Hennepin—not

prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami and Hennepin—not hydric

964F—Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hennepin and similar soils: 45 percent

Miami and similar soils: 45 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are moderately eroded

• Soils that have a thin subsoil of clayey material

• Soils that have a sandy and/or gravelly substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains
98 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Miami Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas;

moderate or severe in areas of cropland

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Hennepin Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 10 to 20

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Accelerated erosion: None or slight in forested areas

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Low for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Very high

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Miami and Hennepin—

6e

Prime farmland status: Miami and Hennepin—not

prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Miami and Hennepin—not hydric

MW—Miscellaneous water

These areas are covered with water in most years,

at least during the period that is warm enough for

plants to grow. Many areas are covered throughout the

year. Typically, this unit includes sewage lagoons,

animal waste lagoons, and water treatment facilities.

Muscatune Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Muscatune silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 879

feet above mean sea level, in Winnebago County,

Illinois, about 3 miles east and 1.5 miles south of

Seward; 450 feet east and 222 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 26 N., R. 10 E.; USGS

Seward, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 42

degrees 13 minutes 00.1 second north and longitude

89 degrees 17 minutes 51.7 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0310347E 4676178N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) crushed, dark gray (10YR

4/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common fibrous roots; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—6 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) crushed, dark gray (10YR

4/1) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to weak

fine and medium granular; friable; common fibrous

roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

A2—11 to 16 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

crushed, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

medium platy structure parting to weak medium

granular; friable; common fibrous roots; common

worm burrows; few fine iron and manganese

concretions; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

BA—16 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very pale brown (10YR

8/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; common

fibrous roots; common worm burrows; few fine iron

and manganese concretions; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—22 to 28 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct very pale brown (10YR
McLean County, Illinois 99

8/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few roots

and worm burrows; common fine iron and

manganese concretions; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg2—28 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few roots; few worm burrows; few

distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2 dry) silt

coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are on faces of peds; few iron and

manganese concretions; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg3—33 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few roots; few worm

burrows; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

clay films on faces of peds; many fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; many fine prominent dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are on

faces of peds; many fine iron and manganese

concretions; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Btg4—40 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular and

angular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few roots; few worm burrows; many fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many fine

prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses

that have accumulated iron and managaese and

are on faces of peds; many iron and manganese

concretions; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BCtg—46 to 75 inches; variegated light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2), grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate

very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; many fine distinct very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) threads throughout; few very

coarse distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

krotovinas; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

C—75 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; strongly

effervescent (25.2 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent); slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 30 to 35

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

BC or C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

51A—Muscatune silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Muscatune and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with more clay in the subsoil

• Soils with loamy outwash or till in the substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Edgington soils in closed

depressions
100 Soil Survey of

• The well drained Osco soils on rises above the

Muscatune soil

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Muscatune

Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Muscatune—1

Prime farmland status: Muscatune—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Muscatune—not hydric

Normal Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls

Typical Pedon

Normal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 695

feet above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois,

about 4 miles southwest of Danvers, 1,650 feet south

and 2,310 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 32,

T. 24 N., R. 1 W.; USGS Stanford, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 29 minutes 45.3

seconds north and longitude 89 degrees 14 minutes

22 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0310219E

4484997N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak

fine granular; friable; few fine roots; few distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—11 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; moderate thin and medium platy structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common medium

prominent masses that have accumulated

manganese and are along faces of peds; common

fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—20 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky; friable; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

managaese and are along faces of peds; common

fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—28 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium and coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; many distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) and common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine

and medium prominent iron and manganese

concretions throughout; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt3—37 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable;

few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels; many

fine and medium prominent iron and manganese

concretions throughout; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few black krotovinas;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C—52 to 75 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; few distinct brown (10YR
McLean County, Illinois 101

4/3) coatings lining root channels; many fine and

prominent iron and manganese concretions

throughout; few black krotovinas; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—75 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly sandy loam; single grain; loose; common

fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

medium prominent iron concretions throughout;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BC or C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

213A—Normal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Normal and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy or sandy substratum closer

to the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Edgington soils in swales and

depressions

Properties and Qualities of the Normal Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Normal—1

Prime farmland status: Normal—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Normal—not hydric
102 Soil Survey of

Orthents

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

nonacid, mesic Aquic Udorthents

These soils have been extensively modified by

cutting, filling, and leveling. They are in residential and

industrial areas, near interstate interchanges and

airports, along railroads, and in fill areas. The fill

material is typically silty clay loam, silt loam, loam, or

clay loam.

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating

Setting

Landform: Leveled land and areas of cut or fill

Map Unit Composition

Orthents, loamy, and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are silty or clayey

Dissimilar components:

• Small areas of Urban land

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan, Ipava, and

Raub soils on ground moraines

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on outwash

plains

Properties and Qualities of Orthents, Loamy

Parent material: Earthy fill

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow to

moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 3.3 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Typically none or slight, but

severe where the plant cover is sparse

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Orthents, loamy—2e

Prime farmland status: Orthents, loamy—not prime

farmland

Hydric soil status: Orthents, loamy—not hydric

Osco Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3 percent

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 858 feet

above mean sea level, in Carroll County, Illinois, about

3.5 miles east and 3.25 miles south of Lanark, 88 feet

west and 316 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

23, T. 24 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Lanark, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 42 degrees 03

minutes 13.4 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

45 minutes 48.2 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0271320E 4659225N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and

black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium and coarse granular structure;

friable; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

and dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, brown (10YR

5/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2

dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; many roots and

common earthworm casts and holes; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—20 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3)

organo-clay films; few distinct gray (10YR 6/1 dry)

silt coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—26 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay films and common distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of peds;

common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron
McLean County, Illinois 103

depletions in ther matrix; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many

very dark gray (N 3/) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

iron and manganese concretions throughout;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—37 to 45 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

silty clay loam; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; many faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many

prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron and

manganese concretions throughout; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

BC—45 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; friable; few fine distinct

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; strongly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

C—55 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and

5/6) and brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; massive;

some vertical partings; friable; many fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 48 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BC and C horizons:

Hue—mainly 10YR; 2.5Y below a depth of 40

inches in some pedons

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Taxadjunct Features

Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, is a

taxadjunct because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. Also, the

soil is slightly wetter. These differences, however, do

not significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soil. The soil is a fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalf.

86A—Osco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Osco and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 48

inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

• The poorly drained Edgington soils in closed

depressions

Properties and Qualities of the Osco Soil

Parent material: Silty loess

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 4.0 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High
104 Soil Survey of

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Osco—1

Prime farmland status: Osco—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Osco—not hydric

86B—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Osco and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 48 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Osco Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 4.0 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Osco—2e

Prime farmland status: Osco—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Osco—not hydric

86B2—Osco silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Osco and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 48

inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Osco Soil

Parent material: Silty loess

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Osco—2e

Prime farmland status: Osco—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Osco—not hydric
McLean County, Illinois 105

Penfield Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Feature

The Penfield soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soils. The

soils are fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic

Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Penfield loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on a 7

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

724 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 145 feet south and 1,810 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 23 N., R. 1 E.; USGS

Bloomington West, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 28 minutes 20.1 seconds north

and longitude 89 degrees 06 minutes 32 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0321221E 4482098N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

BA—7 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots;

many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—13 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—26 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BC—37 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C—42 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4),

stratified sandy loam to coarse sand; single grain;

loose; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; 1 percent

gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 20 to 33 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BC and C horizons:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam,

fine sandy loam, loam, or coarse sand;

stratified in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

687B2—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Penfield and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of more than 6.0 feet
106 Soil Survey of

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Selma soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Penfield Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 3.5 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Penfield—2e

Prime farmland status: Penfield—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Penfield—not hydric

687C2—Penfield loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Backslopes or shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Penfield and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of more than 6.0 feet

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Selma soils in

swales

Properties and Qualities of the Penfield Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 6.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 3.5 to

6.0 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Penfield—3e

Prime farmland status: Penfield—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Penfield—not hydric

Peotone Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 692 feet above mean sea level, in Macon County,

Illinois, 310 feet north and 2,435 feet west of the

center of sec. 13, T. 14 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Dalton City,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 39

minutes 40.5 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

49 minutes 43.3 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0343125E 4391552N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.
McLean County, Illinois 107

A—6 to 14 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; moderate medium

angular blocky compaction zone in the upper 2

inches; firm; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—14 to 22 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay

loam, gray (5Y 5/1) dry; moderate fine angular

blocky structure; firm; many faint black (5Y 2.5/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

BA—22 to 28 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay

loam, gray (5Y 5/1) dry; moderate fine prismatic

structure; firm; few medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—28 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few

fine faint gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—36 to 44 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; firm; common

fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

and medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

BCg—44 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; firm; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common krotovinas with dark coatings on vertical

faces of prisms; violently effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 45 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BCg or Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, silty

clay loam, or silty clay; stratified in some

pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Closed depressions

Map Unit Composition

Peotone and similar soils: 97 percent

Dissimilar soils: 3 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsurface layer

• Soils that are poorly drained

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan and Elburn

soils on rises above the Peotone soil

Properties and Qualities of the Peotone Soil

Parent material: Clayey colluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–June

Ponding: At the surface to 1.0 foot above the surface,

Jan.–June
108 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Peotone—3w

Prime farmland status: Peotone—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Peotone—hydric

865—Pits, gravel

This map unit consists of excavations from which

sand and gravel have been or are being removed. It

includes the areas directly surrounding the

excavations. Abandoned or stabilized gravel pits may

have soils that support vegetation. These soils

typically are moderately coarse textured or coarse

textured and have little or no organic material.

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces and outwash plains

Map Unit Composition

Pits, gravel: 95 percent

Dissimilar components: 5 percent

Dissimilar Components

• The poorly drained Selma, somewhat poorly drained

Kane, and well drained Warsaw, Fox, and Lorenzo

soils in areas that were overlooked in the mining

process or in areas that have been preserved near

the edges of the unit for esthetic or other purposes

• Water at the bottom of the pits

Properties and Qualities of Pits, Gravel

Kind of material: Sand and gravel

Drainage class: Variable, but typically well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Rapid or very rapid

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid or very

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: Less than 3 inches to a

depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0 to 0.5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Low

Surface runoff class: Slow

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight or moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Pits, gravel—8

Prime farmland status: Pits, gravel—not prime

farmland

Hydric soil status: Pits, gravel—unranked

Plano Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Plano silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 715 feet

above mean sea level, in Stark County, Illinois, 1,200

feet south and 1,920 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 13, T. 12 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Castleton, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 01 minute

45 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees 39

minutes 00 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T 0277212E

4545166N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—9 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—19 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—31 to 43 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3 dry)

silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have
McLean County, Illinois 109

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—43 to 49 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

very pale brown (10YR 7/3 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—49 to 53 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

friable; few fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2BC—53 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) clay films bridging sand grains; 5 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—60 to 72 inches; stratified yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, loam, and

loamy sand; massive; friable; 12 percent gravel;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam,

sandy clay loam, loam, sandy loam, loamy

sand, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 14 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, silt loam,

or the gravelly analogs of those textures;

stratified in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline

Taxadjunct Feature

Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, is a

taxadjunct because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soil. The

soil is a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic

Hapludalf.

199A—Plano silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or stream terraces

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Plano and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Plano Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
110 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Plano—1

Prime farmland status: Plano—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Plano—not hydric

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or stream terraces

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Plano and similar soils: 91 percent

Dissimilar soils: 9 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Plano Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Plano—2e

Prime farmland status: Plano—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Plano—not hydric

199B2—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Plano and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Plano Soil

Parent material: Loess over outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Plano—2e

Prime farmland status: Plano—prime farmland in all

areas
McLean County, Illinois 111

Hydric soil status: Plano—not hydric

Proctor Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Feature

The Proctor soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soils. The

soils are fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic

Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on

a 2.5 percent slope, in a cultivated field, in McLean

County, Illinois, 1,850 feet north and 1,100 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 25 N., R. 6 E.;

USGS Sibley, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude

40 degrees 35 minutes 35.2 seconds north and

longitude 88 degrees 28 minutes 27.8 seconds west;

UTM Zone 16T 0375238E 4494421 N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

very fine and fine granular structure; friable;

common very fine roots; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BA—9 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark brown

(10YR 3/3) silt loam; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; common very fine and few

fine roots; common distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—13 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate very fine and fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and few fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine and few fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

common very fine and few fine roots; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine prominent masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 2 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—38 to 49 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam with strata of clay loam; weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and

few fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 2

percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

2BC—49 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam with strata of loam and

loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and between sand grains; 10

percent gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 35

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral
112 Soil Survey of

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam;

stratified in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam, or

the gravelly analogs of those textures; stratified

in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 18 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum at a greater

depth

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Proctor Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Proctor—2e

Prime farmland status: Proctor—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Proctor—not hydric

148C2—Proctor silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 87 percent

Dissimilar soils: 13 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum at a greater

depth

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Proctor Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches
McLean County, Illinois 113

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Proctor—3e

Prime farmland status: Proctor—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Proctor—not hydric

Radford Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Radford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, on a nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 673 feet above mean sea level, in

Bureau County, Illinois, 1,109 feet west and 1,254 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 23, T. 17 N., R. 8

E.; USGS Buda, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 41 degrees 26 minutes 55.3 seconds north

and longitude 89 degrees 32 minutes 04 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0288287E 4591460N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 21 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; few fine dark masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

AC—21 to 29 inches; stratified very dark gray (10YR

3/1) silt loam and brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common fine dark masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Ab1—29 to 36 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; few medium faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses that have

accumulated manganese and are in the matrix;

few very fine dark masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and are throughout the

horizon; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Ab2—36 to 43 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

masses that have accumulated manganese and

are in the matrix; few very fine dark masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

ABb—43 to 60 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; few very fine dark masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 18 to 27 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

AC or C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Ab horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline
114 Soil Survey of

ABb or Bb horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

silt loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

8074A—Radford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Radford and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a dark substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils that contain much

more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Radford Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Radford—2w

Prime farmland status: Radford—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Radford—not hydric

Raub Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 680 feet

above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois,

2,550 feet north and 1,690 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 19, T. 20 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Royal,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 10

minutes 40 seconds north and longitude 87 degrees

59 minutes 18 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0415855E 4447951N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—10 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films lining pores; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine distinct and prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; strong fine and medium angular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and faint brown (10YR

5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented manganese oxide nodules throughout;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—32 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
McLean County, Illinois 115

structure; firm; common distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organo-clay films lining root channels; few coarse

prominent light olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; many fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; many medium irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented

manganese oxide nodules throughout; 1 percent

fine gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—40 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; many medium distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented manganese oxide nodules

throughout; 1 percent fine gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

gray (5Y 6/1) loam; massive; firm; common fine

distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Raub and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 40

inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Raub Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 70

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High
116 Soil Survey of

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Raub—1

Prime farmland status: Raub—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Raub—not hydric

Ross Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Ross loam, 0 to 2 percent, occasionally flooded, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 665 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 680 feet north and 2,365 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 25 N., R. 2 E.; USGS

Gridley, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 40 minutes 00.6 second north and longitude

88 degrees 58 minutes 34.2 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0332958E 4503439N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A1—8 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak medium granular; friable;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A2—16 to 27 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

A3—27 to 32 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—32 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; few

fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are in the matrix; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; common faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; 1 percent fine gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C—39 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; massive; friable; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 20 to 27 percent

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 45 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam,

or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam, loam,

or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

8073A—Ross loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Ross and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are silty throughout

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding
McLean County, Illinois 117

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Ross Soil

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Low for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Ross—2w

Prime farmland status: Ross—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Ross—not hydric

Rozetta Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Taxadjunct Feature

The Rozetta soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because they are slightly wetter than is

defined for the series. This difference, however, does

not significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soils. The soils are fine-silty,

mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Rozetta silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

849 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 1,815 feet east and 2,376 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 23 N., R. 3 E.; USGS

Holder, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 25 minutes 20.3 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 51 minutes 24.4 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0342479E 4476075N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam mixed

with streaks and pockets of dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) subsoil material; pale brown (10YR

6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine angular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine iron and

manganese stains and concretions throughout;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—25 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium angular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; few fine iron and manganese stains

and concretions throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—40 to 53 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium angular blocky structure;

friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine and medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine iron and

manganese stains and concretions throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C—53 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; in the matrix, common fine

and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions and prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron;

few fine iron and manganese stains and

concretions throughout; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none
118 Soil Survey of

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

279B2—Rozetta silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes, summits, or

shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Rozetta and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of more than 4 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Keomah soils on

toeslopes below the Rozetta soil

Properties and Qualities of the Rozetta Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Rozetta—2e

Prime farmland status: Rozetta—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Rozetta—not hydric

Russell Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Russell silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

754 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County,

Illinois, 400 feet north and 2,360 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 22 N., R. 2 E.; USGS

Heyworth, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40

degrees 20 minutes 32.7 seconds north and longitude

88 degrees 58 minutes 11.2 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0332693E 4467415N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine

roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) silt coatings on faces of

peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—14 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2

dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine

prominent irregular masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are
McLean County, Illinois 119

throughout the horizon; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; few fine prominent irregular masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are throughout the horizon; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt4—30 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2 dry) silt coatings on

faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent irregular

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2BCt—36 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films and dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds and in root channels;

few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine prominent irregular masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; 1 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C—46 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine prominent

irregular masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon; 1

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 33 percent

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

322B2—Russell silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Till plains

Position on landform: Backslopes or shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Russell and similar soils: 90 percent
120 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum closer to the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Russell Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Russell—2e

Prime farmland status: Russell—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Russell—not hydric

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Shoulders or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Russell and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy substratum closer to the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Russell Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 40 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and high for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Russell—3e

Prime farmland status: Russell—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Russell—not hydric

Sabina Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Taxadjunct Feature

The Sabina soils in this survey area are taxadjuncts

because they are slightly better drained than is defined

for the series. This difference, however, does not

significantly affect the use, management, or

interpretations of the soils. The soils are fine, smectitic,

mesic Aquic Hapludalfs.
McLean County, Illinois 121

Typical Pedon

Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly

level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 843

feet above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois,

1,452 feet east and 231 feet north of the southwest

corner of sec. 34, T. 23 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Arrowsmith,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 23

minutes 58.3 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

44 minutes 24.1 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0352333E 4473346N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam mixed with pockets of

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) material from the

subsurface layer; mostly weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure, some thin platy

structure in the lower part; friable; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam;

moderate medium platy structure; friable; very few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1 dry) and grayish

brown (10YR 5/2 dry) silt coatings on faces of

peds; common fine prominent iron and

manganese stains and concretions throughout;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—14 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam; moderate fine angular blocky and weak

medium platy structure; friable; few fine dark

brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films and dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2 dry)

silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine prominent iron and manganese stains and

concretions throughout; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium angular

blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 5/3)

and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces

of peds; few faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2

dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine and medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron and manganese stains and

concretions throughout; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—30 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak medium angular blocky; firm; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine and medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine prominent iron and

manganese stains and concretions throughout;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—35 to 45 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct

dark gray (10YR 4/1) and dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in root

channels; common fine and medium faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine prominent iron and

manganese stains and concretions throughout;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt4—45 to 51 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam;

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2

dry) silt coatings lining root channels and pores;

few fine and medium prominent grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent masses of carbonate accumulation

throughout; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2C—51 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam;

massive; firm; few medium prominent grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral
122 Soil Survey of

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silt loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Footslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Sabina and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table closer to

the surface

• Soils that have a silty substratum

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils in swales

• The moderately well drained Birkbeck soils on

backslopes above the Sabina soil

Properties and Qualities of the Sabina Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 44 to 80

inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Sabina—1

Prime farmland status: Sabina—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Sabina—not hydric

Sable Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a

nearly level slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation

of 732 feet above mean sea level, in Warren County,

Illinois, about 3 miles northwest of Roseville, 97 feet

west and 1,281 feet south of the northeast corner of

sec. 14, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Kirkwood East, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 46

minutes 22.4 seconds north and longitude 90 degrees

41 minutes 33.7 seconds west; UTM Zone 15T

0694725E 4515896N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; firm; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

angular blocky structure; firm; few fine rounded

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese concretions
McLean County, Illinois 123

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

AB—19 to 23 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; few

faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine rounded dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese concretions throughout;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—23 to 29 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine and medium rounded dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; common

medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) masses that

have accumulated iron and manganese and are in

the matrix; few medium faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—29 to 38 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark

gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many

fine and medium rounded dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese concretions throughout; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—38 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/) silt loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium and coarse angular blocky; firm; few

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of prisms; common fine rounded dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese concretions throughout;

many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—47 to 60 inches; gray (N 6/) silt loam; massive;

friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

68A—Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Sable and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Ipava soils on rises

above the Sable soil

Properties and Qualities of the Sable Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent
124 Soil Survey of

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Sable—2w

Prime farmland status: Sable—prime farmland where

drained

Hydric soil status: Sable—hydric

902A—Ipava-Sable complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Ipava and similar soils: 60 percent

Sable and similar soils: 20 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas: 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

• Soils that have a slope of 3 to 5 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas:

• Orthents, loamy, and Urban land in areas where

development is intensive

• The very poorly drained Peotone soils in closed

depressions

• The moderately well drained Catlin soils on rises

above the Ipava soil

Properties and Qualities of the Ipava Soil

Parent material: Silty loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to

5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Sable Soil

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Ipava—1; Sable—2w

Prime farmland status: Ipava and Sable—prime

farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Ipava—not hydric; Sable—hydric

Sawmill Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded, on a nearly level slope, in a

cultivated field, at an elevation of 535 feet above mean
McLean County, Illinois 125

sea level, in Sangamon County, Illinois, about 2 miles

west of Rochester, on the flood plain along the South

Fork of the Sangamon River, 750 feet east and 300

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 20, T. 15 N.,

R. 4 W.; USGS New City, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 44 minutes 34

seconds north and longitude 89 degrees 34 minutes

15 seconds west; UTM Zone 16S 0279714E

4402160N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few

subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—10 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few

subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter;

few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and

pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—17 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine

roots; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and

pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—25 to 32 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few fine

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—32 to 40 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm;

common faint discontinuous very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine

roots; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and

pores; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—40 to 49 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm;

common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions with diffuse boundaries lining root

channels and pores; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

firm; thin continuous gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide concretions with diffuse boundaries lining

pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg—58 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; very dark gray (10YR

3/1) channel linings and fillings; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are lining pores;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume
126 Soil Survey of

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

clay loam, loam, or sandy loam; stratified in

some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Sawmill and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Sawmill Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Frequent, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Sawmill—3w

Prime farmland status: Sawmill—prime farmland

where drained and either protected from flooding

or not frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric soil status: Sawmill—hydric

8107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Sawmill and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are not subject to flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Sawmill Soil

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to

7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Frequency and most likely period of flooding:

Occasional, Nov.–June

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Sawmill—2w

Prime farmland status: Sawmill—prime farmland

where drained

Hydric soil status: Sawmill—hydric
McLean County, Illinois 127

Saybrook Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

705 feet above mean sea level, in Bureau County,

Illinois, about 3.5 miles south of Manlius, 2,500 feet

south and 1,300 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 3, T. 16 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Manlius, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 24

minutes 7.2 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

40 minutes 48.8 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0275950E 4586640N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—10 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and

brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) organo-clay films on faces

of peds; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—21 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—26 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

prominent irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented masses that have accumulated

iron and manganese and are throughout the

horizon; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4—30 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common prominent irregular black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt5—32 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium

prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common distinct irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

massive; friable; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; many

medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common distinct irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6
128 Soil Survey of

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Taxadjunct Feature

Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded,

and Saybrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded, are taxadjuncts because the dark surface

layer is thinner than is defined as the range for the

series. This difference, however, does not significantly

affect the use, management, or interpretations of the

soils. The two soils are fine-silty, mixed, superactive,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

145B—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Saybrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have less sand in the lower part of the

subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Saybrook Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Saybrook—2e

Prime farmland status: Saybrook—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Saybrook—not hydric

145B2—Saybrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Saybrook and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have less sand in the lower part of the

subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Saybrook Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches
McLean County, Illinois 129

Available water capacity: About 8.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Saybrook—2e

Prime farmland status: Saybrook—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Saybrook—not hydric

145C2—Saybrook silt loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Saybrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have less sand in the lower part of the

subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Saybrook Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Saybrook—3e

Prime farmland status: Saybrook—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Saybrook—not hydric

893B—Catlin-Saybrook silt loams, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Summits or backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 45 percent

Saybrook and similar soils: 35 percent

Dissimilar soils and miscellaneous areas: 20 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a slope of 5 to 7 percent

Dissimilar components:

• Orthents, loamy, in areas that are used for

landscaping

• Urban land in areas that are built up

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• Soils that have a slope of more than 7 percent

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 45 to 65

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches
130 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Properties and Qualities of the Saybrook Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over loamy till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Selma Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 668 feet

above mean sea level, in Lee County, Illinois, 2,511

feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 3, T. 20 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Dixon West, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 45

minutes 04.5 seconds north and longitude 89 degrees

33 minutes 16.8 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0287593E 4625103N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2.5/) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure;

friable; few fine roots; 1 percent fine gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent fine

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—12 to 23 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; few fine roots; few dark gray

(10YR 4/1) pockets of subsoil material mixed by

animal activity; 1 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—23 to 28 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots;

many faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; 1 percent fine gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—28 to 35 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine

roots; few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; a

krotovina between depths of 33 and 35 inches;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—35 to 41 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BCg—41 to 53 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sandy loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; very friable; few

fine roots; a krotovina between depths of 43 and

44 inches; 1 percent fine and medium gravel;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—53 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2), stratified

sandy loam and loamy sand; massive; very friable;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; a krotovina between depths of 54 and 56

inches; 1 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 20 to 30

percent

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches
McLean County, Illinois 131

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

B and BC horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, silt loam,

clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—sandy loam,

loamy sand, loam, silt loam, or sand; stratified

in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Selma and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Kane soils on toe

slopes and the moderately well drained Penfield

soils on rises

Properties and Qualities of the Selma Soil

Parent material: Outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to

6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table: 0.0 to

1.0 foot, Jan.–May

Ponding: At the surface to 0.5 foot above the surface,

Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: High

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Selma—2w

Prime farmland status: Selma—prime farmland where

drained

Hydric soil status: Selma—hydric

Strawn Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Strawn loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on an 8

percent slope, in an area of revegetated woodland, at

an elevation of 747 feet above mean sea level, in

McLean County, Illinois, 297 feet west and 2,046 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 25 N., R. 2

E.; USGS El Paso, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 40 degrees 38 minutes 26.8 seconds north

and longitude 89 degrees 01 minute 26.9 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0328835E 4500639N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, brown

(10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure;

friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—7 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 2
132 Soil Survey of

percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—14 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent fine gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

BCt—18 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine stains and

concretions of iron and manganese; 10 percent

fine and medium gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C—24 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam;

massive; firm; few fine stains and concretions of

iron and manganese; 10 percent fine and medium

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 25 to 35 percent

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, silty

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, clay loam,

silt loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

224C2—Strawn loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Strawn and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the Strawn Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 16 to 24

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate
McLean County, Illinois 133

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Strawn—3e

Prime farmland status: Strawn—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Strawn—not hydric

224G—Strawn loam, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Strawn and similar soils: 97 percent

Dissimilar soils: 3 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime at or near the surface

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Radford and Aetna

soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Strawn Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 16 to 24

inches

Available water capacity: About 6.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to

2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Strawn—7e

Prime farmland status: Strawn—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Strawn—not hydric

Swygert Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Aquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct Feature

The Swygert soils in this survey area are

taxadjuncts because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soils. The

soils are fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded,

on a 3 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an

elevation of 705 feet above mean sea level, in

Livingston County, Illinois, 1,000 feet west and 100

feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 11, T. 30 N.,

R. 5 E.; USGS Odell, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 41 degrees 05 minutes 30.3 seconds north

and longitude 88 degrees 36 minutes 28 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0364965E 4549972N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; mixed with some

pockets of dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam

from the subsoil; moderate fine granular structure;

friable; few very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BA—7 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; common faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine dark iron and manganese

concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.
134 Soil Survey of

2Bt3—23 to 30 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common faint

dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds;

many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few fine faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine iron and

manganese concretions throughout; 1 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—30 to 39 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common faint

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; many medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine faint gray (2.5Y 5/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2BCt—39 to 48 inches; 70 percent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty

clay; weak medium prismatic structure; very firm;

many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cd—48 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay; massive; very firm; common medium distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium white (2.5Y 8/1) masses

of carbonate accumulation throughout; 1 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 45 to 50 percent

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 30 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BA and B horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Swygert and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils with less clay in the subsoil and substratum

• Soils with a slope of 5 to 6 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

• The very poorly drained Peotone soils in closed

depressions

Properties and Qualities of the Swygert Soil

Parent material: Clayey till or clayey lacustrine

deposits over clayey till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 35 to 55

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent
McLean County, Illinois 135

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.0 feet, Jan.–May

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Swygert—2e

Prime farmland status: Swygert—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Swygert—not hydric

Symerton Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

714 feet above mean sea level, in Iroquois County,

Illinois, about 3 miles northwest of Hoopeston, 102

feet north and 1,806 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 33, T. 24 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Hoopeston,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 29

minutes 17.1 seconds north and longitude 87 degrees

42 minutes 57.9 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0439311E 4481968N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; firm; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

AB—15 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt1—19 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented

manganese nodules throughout; 18 percent

gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—25 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented manganese nodules throughout; 18

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—31 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented

manganese nodules throughout; few fine

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 18

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

3Bt4—35 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; firm; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

3C—39 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam; massive;

firm; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8)

masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are in the matrix; few fine

prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 27 to 34 percent

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 50 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4
136 Soil Survey of

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, gravelly loam, or

gravelly clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

3B horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam,

loam, or the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

3C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Symerton and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a clayey subsoil

• Soils that have a slope of less than 2 percent

• Soils that have a clayey substratum closer to the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Symerton Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other

silty material and loamy outwash over clayey

till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 7.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Symerton—2e

Prime farmland status: Symerton—prime farmland in

all areas

Hydric soil status: Symerton—not hydric

533—Urban land

Map Unit Composition

Urban land and similar land types: 90 percent

Soils included in mapping: 10 percent

Included Soils

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The moderately well drained Orthents, loamy

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils on

slight rises

• The well drained Osco soils on shoulders and

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of Urban Land

This map unit occurs as areas covered by

pavement and buildings. Because of extensive land

smoothing, these areas generally are nearly level or
McLean County, Illinois 137

gently sloping. Most of the paved areas are parking

lots adjacent to shopping centers, industrial plants,

and other commercial buildings.

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Urban land—none

assigned

Prime farmland status: Urban land—not prime

farmland

Hydric soil status: Urban land—unranked

Varna Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

730 feet above mean sea level, in Ford County, Illinois,

850 feet south and 150 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 31, T. 29 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Cabery,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 56

minutes 56 seconds north and longitude 88 degrees

14 minutes 43 seconds west; UTM Zone 16T

0395184E 4533619N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; mixed with

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fragments of

subsoil material; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium angular

blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 27 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky;

firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine prominent

light olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

BCt—27 to 39 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm;

common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; many medium prominent light

olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cd—39 to 60 inches; mottled light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), gray (5Y 6/1), and yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) silty clay loam; massive; very firm; common

greenish gray (5GY 6/1) pressure faces; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 35 to 42 percent

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 42 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam or silty

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

BC and Cd horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam

or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Bulk density—1.7 to 1.9 grams/cc

Taxadjunct Feature

Varna silty clay loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded,

is a taxadjunct because the dark surface layer is

thinner than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the
138 Soil Survey of

use, management, or interpretations of the soil. The

soil is a fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalf.

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes or summits

Map Unit Composition

Varna and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have a slope of 5 to 6 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Varna Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over clayey till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Varna—2e

Prime farmland status: Varna—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Varna—not hydric

223C2—Varna silty clay loam, 4 to 6

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Varna and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy substratum

• Soils that have a slope of 7 to 10 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Varna Soil

Parent material: Silty loess over clayey till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 60

inches

Available water capacity: About 8.0 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth to a perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet, Feb.–April

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Very slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Varna—3e

Prime farmland status: Varna—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Varna—not hydric
McLean County, Illinois 139

Warsaw Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Warsaw loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a nearly level

slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 520 feet

above mean sea level, in Bureau County, Illinois, 2,300

feet east and 800 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 9, T. 15 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Princeton South,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 17

minutes 38.91 seconds north and longitude 89

degrees 27 minutes 43.31 seconds west; UTM Zone

16T 0293849E 4574122N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, brown

(10YR 4/3) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—10 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate medium

granular; friable; few fine roots; common faint very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings on faces

of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; few very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

krotovinas; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—19 to 26 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common faint brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) krotovinas; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—26 to 35 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 18

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

3C—35 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 17 to 30 percent

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 14 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam, sandy

clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 14 percent, by

volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly clay loam or gravelly sandy clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 25 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C or 3C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—the very gravelly or gravelly analogs of

coarse sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam;

stratified in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Taxadjunct Feature

Warsaw loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, is a

taxadjunct because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soil. The

soil is a fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalf.

290A—Warsaw loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or outwash terraces

Map Unit Composition

Warsaw and similar soils: 88 percent
140 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thin subsoil and have a substratum

of sand and gravel closer to the surface

• Soils that have a thick subsoil and have a

substratum of sand and gravel at a depth of more

than 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Kane soils on

toeslopes below the Warsaw soil

• The poorly drained Selma soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Warsaw Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash over sandy and

gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 24 to 40 inches

Available water capacity: About 6.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None or slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Warsaw—2s

Prime farmland status: Warsaw—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Warsaw—not hydric

290B2—Warsaw loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains or terraces

Position on landform: Shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Warsaw and similar soils: 88 percent

Dissimilar soils: 12 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thin subsoil and have a substratum

of sand and gravel closer to the surface

• Soils that have a thick subsoil and have a

substratum of sand and gravel at a depth of more

than 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Kane soils on

toeslopes below the Warsaw soil

• The poorly drained Selma soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Warsaw Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash over sandy and

gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very rapid

Depth to restrictive feature (strongly contrasting

textural stratification): 24 to 40 inches

Available water capacity: About 5.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Warsaw—2e

Prime farmland status: Warsaw—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Warsaw—not hydric

W—Water

This map unit includes streams, lakes, ponds, and

estuaries. Areas of the unit are covered with water in

most years, at least during the period that is warm

enough for plants to grow. Many areas are covered

throughout the year. Gravel pits and other areas that

are not defined as miscellaneous water (MW) and

that contain water most of the time are mapped as

water (W).
McLean County, Illinois 141

Wyanet Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Wyanet silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, on a 3

percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of

820 feet above mean sea level, in Bureau County,

Illinois, 440 feet south and 560 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 17 N., R. 8 E.; USGS

Buda Northeast, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

latitude 41 degrees 28 minutes 49.9 seconds north

and longitude 89 degrees 37 minutes 26.1 seconds

west; UTM Zone 16T 0280920E 4595215N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; few

fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent

fine gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—24 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 1

percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—32 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; 1 percent fine gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of clay in the control section: 22 to 32 percent

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 4 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam,

clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2B horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent, by

volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Taxadjunct Feature

Wyanet silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, is

a taxadjunct because the dark surface layer is thinner

than is defined as the range for the series. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use, management, or interpretations of the soil. The

soil is a fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic

Hapludalf.

622B2—Wyanet silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Wyanet and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 20

inches

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Raub soils on

toeslopes below the Wyanet soil

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales
142

Properties and Qualities of the Wyanet Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Slight

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Wyanet—2e

Prime farmland status: Wyanet—prime farmland in all

areas

Hydric soil status: Wyanet—not hydric

622C2—Wyanet silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or end moraines

Position on landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Wyanet and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have excess lime within a depth of 20

inches

• Soils that have a silty subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Raub soils on

toeslopes below the Wyanet soil

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Wyanet Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature (dense material): 24 to 40

inches

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to

3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Risk of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for

concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Wyanet—3e

Prime farmland status: Wyanet—not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Wyanet—not hydric
143

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; for agricultural waste

management; and as wildlife habitat. It can be used to

identify the potentials and limitations of each soil for

specific land uses and to help prevent construction

failures caused by unfavorable soil properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand, gravel, roadfill, topsoil, and reclamation

material. They can use it to identify areas where

bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil layers can cause

difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Interpretive Ratings

The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils in

the survey area for various uses. Many of the tables

identify the limitations that affect specified uses and

indicate the severity of those limitations. The ratings in

these tables are both verbal and numerical.

Rating Class Terms

Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms

that indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by

all of the soil features that affect a specified use or in

terms that indicate the suitability of the soils for the

use. Thus, the tables may show limitation classes or

suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are

not limited, somewhat limited, and very limited. The

suitability ratings are expressed as well suited,

moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as

good, fair, and poor.

Numerical Ratings

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative

severity of individual limitations. The ratings are

shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to

1.00. They indicate gradations between the point at

which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use and the point at which the soil feature is

not a limitation. The limitations appear in order from

the most limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more

than one limitation is identified, the most severe

limitation is listed first and the least severe one is

listed last.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for cropland and for

hay or pasture is suggested in this section. The

estimated yields of the main crops and pasture plants

are listed, the system of land capability classification

used by the Natural Resources Conservation Service

is explained, and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Specific information can be obtained from the local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Use and Management of the Soils
144 Soil Survey of

In 1997, approximately 665,894 acres in McLean

County was used as cropland. Of this acreage,

333,205 acres was used for corn for grain or seed,

312,613 acres was used for soybeans, 1,844 acres

was used for wheat, 881 acres was used for oats, and

5,919 acres was used for hay. The remaining acreage

was used for pasture or alternative or specialty crops

(USDA, 1997). The major row crops are corn and

soybeans. The major small grain crops are wheat and

oats. Forage crops include smooth brome,

orchardgrass, alfalfa, and red clover. Specialty crops

include maple syrup, fruits, vegetables, sunflowers,

trees, and nursery crops.

The soils in McLean County have excellent potential

for continued crop production, particularly if the latest

crop production technology is applied. This soil survey

can be used as a guide in applying the latest

technology.

Measures that control erosion and reduce wetness

are needed on much of the cropland and pasture in

McLean County.

Loss of the surface layer through erosion is

damaging in two ways. First, productivity is reduced as

the surface layer is lost and part of the subsoil is

incorporated into the plow layer. The subsoil generally

has fewer plant nutrients, a lower content of organic

matter, and a higher content of clay than the surface

layer. As the content of organic matter in the tilled layer

decreases and the content of clay increases, soil tilth

deteriorates. Deterioration of tilth increases the

likelihood that a crust will form on the surface and

reduces the rate of water infiltration. The higher

content of clay increases the likelihood that the

surface layer will become cloddy when tilled,

especially if tilled when wet. When the surface layer is

cloddy, preparing a seedbed is very difficult. The soils

tend to puddle after hard rains and crust as they dry.

The crust increases the runoff rate. Loss of the

surface layer is especially damaging on soils having a

subsoil that is unfavorable for plant growth, such as

Varna soils; on soils that tend to be droughty, such as

Lorenzo soils; and on soils that are moderately

eroded, such as Strawn soils.

Second, erosion on farmland results in the

sedimentation and pollution of streams. Controlling

erosion minimizes this pollution and improves the

quality of water for municipal and recreational uses

and for fish and wildlife.

Erosion-control measures provide a protective plant

cover, increase the rate of water infiltration, and

reduce the runoff rate. A cropping system that keeps

plants on the surface for extended periods reduces the

hazard of erosion and preserves the productive

capacity of the soils. Including forage crops of grasses

and legumes in the cropping sequence helps to

control erosion in the more sloping areas. It also

provides nitrogen and improves tilth for the next

crop.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control erosion. Conservation tillage,

including chisel tillage and no-till farming, is common

in McLean County. Contour stripcropping, contour

farming, conservation cropping systems, crop residue

management, terraces, diversions, buffer strips,

riparian areas, and grassed waterways also help to

prevent excessive soil loss.

Most of the cropland in McLean County can be

protected from erosion by a conservation tillage

system. Conservation tillage includes any noninversion

tillage practice that keeps a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface throughout the year. The crop

residue increases the rate of water infiltration by

improving tilth. It also protects the surface from the

beating action of raindrops, helps to prevent surface

crusting, and generally provides a more friable

seedbed for good germination (fig. 6).

Chisel tillage is a common form of conservation

tillage used in McLean County. When this system is

applied, crop residue covers 20 to 60 percent of the

surface. The extent of the coverage depends on the

type of chisel plow used, the speed with which the

equipment moves through the field, and the kind of

crop planted. Chisel tillage often follows stalk chopping

in the fall, but it can also be used immediately prior to

planting in the spring.

No-till farming is being used on an increasing

acreage in the county. When this system is applied, a

grain crop is planted directly in a cover crop, sod, or

Figure 6.—Corn residue on a Catlin soil. The residue will

improve tilth and the nutrient-holding capacity of the soil.
McLean County, Illinois 145

the crop residue of the previous year (fig. 7). A special

planter that disturbs only the row area is used.

Herbicides are used to control competing vegetation.

The nearly complete ground cover protects the soil

from the impact of raindrops and helps to control the

erosion caused by runoff.

Terraces reduce the hazard of erosion by

shortening the slopes and by controlling runoff. If a tile

outlet terrace is used, the water that collects behind

the terrace is removed by tile at a slow, controlled rate.

Grassed waterways reduce the hazard of erosion by

providing a stable channel for water runoff on sloping

land (fig. 8).

Conservation buffer strips and riparian areas can

help to maintain stream channels and slow runoff. A

stream channel without trees will slump, whereas a

protected riparian area helps to maintain the stream

channel (fig. 9).

Contour farming involves conducting tillage or other

fieldwork along the contour rather than up and down

the slope. This practice helps to control erosion

because it results in the formation of small ridges

perpendicular to the slope of the land. The ridges

greatly reduce the velocity of the water moving down

the hills.

Stripcropping, although not used widely in McLean

County, is an effective erosion-control measure if used

in combination with other measures. It involves

alternating rows or strips of one crop with rows of

another crop that has a different rate of maturity and a

different canopy cover. The rows are planted on the

contour. The plant cover that results from this practice

helps to control erosion by protecting the surface from

the impact of raindrops.

Erosion-control management through tillage and

cropping systems is effective alone or in combination

on most of the farmland in the county. The combination

used and its effectiveness depend on soil

characteristics and topography. Information about the

design of erosion-control practices for each kind of soil

is provided in the Field Office Technical Guide, which

is available in the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

Drainage systems consist of subsurface tile drains,

surface inlets, open drainage ditches, or a combination

of these. Drainage systems have been installed in

most areas of poorly drained and somewhat poorly

drained soils in the county (fig. 10). As a result, these

soils are adequately drained for the crops commonly

grown in the county. Some areas of poorly drained

soils require surface tile inlets or shallow surface

ditches to remove ponded water. Some areas of

somewhat poorly drained soils are wet long enough

that in some years productivity is reduced unless a

drainage system is installed. Management of drainage

in conformance with wetland regulations may require

special permits and extra planning.

The design of surface and subsurface drainage

systems varies with the kind of soil and the availability

of drainage outlets. In some areas of poorly drained

soils in depressions, a combination of surface drains

and tile drains is needed. The tile should be more

closely spaced in the more slowly permeable soils

than in the more rapidly permeable soils. Manipulating

drainage can allow the producer to conserve moisture,

manage weeds and insects, and limit leaching of

nutrients and chemicals.

Further information about drainage systems is

provided in the Field Office Technical Guide, which is

available in local offices of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

Figure 7.—No-till wheat planted into corn stubble on the well

drained Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.
146 Soil Survey of

Limitations and Hazards Affecting

Cropland

The main concerns in managing cropland in

McLean County are crusting, excess lime, excessive

permeability, flooding, limited available water capacity,

ponding, poor tilth, restricted permeability, a rootrestrictive layer, water erosion, and wetness. Table 6

lists the limitations and hazards affecting cropland on

the soils in the county that are in capability classes of

1 through 4.

Crusting occurs when the average content of

organic matter in the surface layer is 2.5 percent or

less and the content of clay is more than 20 percent

and less than or equal to 35 percent. Crusting occurs

when flowing water or raindrops break down soil

structural units, moving clay downward and leaving a

concentration of sand and silt particles on the soil

surface. Crusts can reduce the rate of water infiltration,

increase the runoff rate, inhibit seedling emergence

and growth, and reduce oxygen diffusion to seedlings.

Generally, the structure of the surface layer is weak,

and a crust forms on the surface during periods of

heavy rainfall. Camden, Fincastle, Miami, and Strawn

are examples of soils that are subject to crusting

because they have a surface layer with a low content

of organic matter.

Measures that control surface crusting and improve

tilth are those that protect the surface from the impact

of raindrops and flowing water. Incorporating green

manure crops, manure, or crop residue into the soil

and applying a system of conservation tillage improve

tilth.

Excess lime is a limitation where the calcium

carbonate equivalent is 15 percent or more within 16

inches of the surface. The high content of carbonates

affects the availability of many plant nutrients and

influences the effectiveness of herbicides. Excess lime

is a management concern in areas of Harpster soils.

This limitation can be overcome by incorporating

green manure crops, manure, or crop residue into the

soil; applying a system of conservation tillage; and

using conservation cropping systems. Frequent

applications of a small amount of fertilizer are needed

to correct nutrient imbalances. Crops may respond

well to additions of phosphate fertilizer. Applications of

Figure 8.—A grassed waterway in an area of Saybrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded.
McLean County, Illinois 147

Figure 9.—An area of Sawmill and Lawson soils where a permanent cover of grasses, forbs, shrubs, or trees reduces the hazard of

bank erosion along the rain-swollen Mackinaw River.

herbicide should be adjusted as the level of alkalinity

increases.

Excessive permeability is a limitation where the

lower limit of the permeability rate is 6.0 inches or

more per hour within the top 60 inches of the soil and

the slope is 25 percent or less. Excessive permeability

can occur in soils that have high amounts of sand or

gravel or that have many large-diameter pores. The

capacity of the soils to retain moisture for plant use is

limited. Deep leaching of nutrients and pesticides can

increase the risk of ground-water pollution. Fox,

Lorenzo, and Warsaw are examples of soils that may

exhibit excessive permeability.

Irrigation can supply the moisture needed for crops.

Frequent applications of a small amount of fertilizer

are needed. One application of a large amount can

result in excessive loss of plant nutrients through

leaching.

Flooding is a hazard where the soil is commonly,

occasionally, frequently, or very frequently flooded.

Flooding occurs in unprotected areas along the major

rivers and their tributaries. Dikes or diversions reduce

the extent of the crop damage caused by floodwater.

Flooding is a hazard on approximately 35,600 acres in

McLean County. Most of the affected soils are

occasionally flooded by stream overflow. In these

areas flooding is expected infrequently under normal

weather conditions, or about 5 to 50 times in 100

years. Damage to crops, particularly winter small grain

crops, occurs in some years. Aetna, Huntsville,

Lawson, Radford, Ross, and Sawmill are examples of

soils that are subject to occasional flooding for brief

periods. Some areas of the poorly drained Sawmill

soils are frequently flooded for brief periods.

Dikes, levees, and floodwater diversions can protect

the adjacent soils and help to prevent crop damage.

Surface drainage ditches can help to remove

floodwater where suitable outlets are available.

Management of drainage in conformance with

regulations influencing wetlands may require special

permits and extra planning. The flood-prone soils are

better suited to crop varieties that require a relatively

short growing season than to other varieties. Planting

crops that are adapted to a shorter growing season
148 Soil Survey of

and wetter conditions reduces the risk of crop damage

caused by floodwater. Controlling runoff from the

higher areas within the watershed reduces the

frequency and severity of flooding. Changing land use

from cropland to pasture or forestland minimizes

economic damage.

Limited available water capacity is a limitation

where the slope is 25 percent or less and the amount

of plant-available water to a depth of 60 inches or to a

limiting layer above 60 inches is less than 6 inches.

Available water capacity is the volume of water that is

be available to plants when the soil is at field capacity.

It is important in developing water budgets, predicting

droughtiness, designing irrigation systems, protecting

water resources, and predicting yields. Fox, Lorenzo,

and Warsaw are examples of soils with limited

available water capacity.

Increasing the content of organic matter in the

surface soil, selecting plant species that are tolerant of

drought, applying a system of conservation tillage,

using conservation cropping systems, and

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil can help overcome this limitation.

Ponding is a limitation in areas where the seasonal

high water table is above the surface. It occurs for very

brief, brief, long, or very long periods. The standing

water is removed only by deep percolation or

evaporation. Ponding decreases aeration and

increases nutrient losses. Ashkum, Drummer,

Peotone, and Sawmill soils are subject to ponding.

Land grading helps to control ponding. Surface

ditches and surface inlet tile also can help to remove

the excess water if suitable outlets are available.

Management of drainage in conformance with wetland

regulations may require special permits and extra

planning.

Poor tilth is a limitation where the content of clay in

the surface layer is 27 percent to less than 35 percent

and the content of organic matter is less than 4

percent or where the content of clay is 35 percent or

more. Poor tilth can occur in areas where the surface

soil has been thinned by erosion. In these areas part

of the subsoil is incorporated into the plow layer. The

incorporation of subsoil material into the plow layer

decreases the amount of organic matter and

increases the content of clay in the surface soil. During

periods of heavy rainfall, a crust commonly forms on

the surface. Poor tilth also occurs in poorly drained

soils with a high content of clay, regardless of the

content of organic matter, and in soils that have been

excessively tilled. Soils with poor tilth generally have a

surface layer that is sticky when wet and hard and

cloddy when dry. They can be tilled only within a

narrow range of moisture content. As a result of the

cloddiness, seedbed preparation is difficult. Poor tilth

and surface crusting inhibit seedling germination and

emergence, increase the runoff rate and the hazard of

erosion, and reduce the rate of water infiltration.

Sloping fields commonly have clayey spots where the

subsoil is exposed. Preparing a good seedbed and

tilling are difficult in these spots because the

original friable surface layer has been lost through

erosion.

Soils that have good tilth are granular and porous

and have a high content of organic matter in the

surface layer. Plano, Osco, and Clare are examples of

soils that are characterized by good tilth. Soils that

have poor tilth generally have more clay, a lower

content of organic matter, and weaker soil structure in

the surface layer. Ashkum and Peotone soils have a

surface layer of silty clay loam with more than 35

percent clay. If these soils are plowed when too wet,

they become cloddy.

Measures that minimize surface crusting and

improve tilth are those that protect the surface from

the impact of raindrops and flowing water.

Incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil, regularly adding other organic

Figure 10.—A 10-inch main tile outlet into a surface drainage

ditch in an area of Drummer and El Paso silty clay loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes.
McLean County, Illinois 149

material, minimizing tillage, using a system of

conservation tillage in which the field is tilled at nearly

optimal soil moisture conditions improve tilth. Surface

cloddiness can be controlled by avoiding tillage when

the soil is too wet or by no-till farming.

Restricted permeability is a limitation where the soil

has a very slowly permeable or slowly permeable

layer within 40 inches of the surface. The permeability

rate is less than 0.2 inch per hour. Permeability is the

quality that enables water or air to move through the

soil. It affects irrigation and drainage systems,

conservation management structures, and plantings.

Soils that have slowly permeable or very slowly

permeable layers, such as Varna, Elliott, and Swygert

soils, have a higher potential for surface runoff and

drain more slowly than more permeable soils. Soils

with slow or very slow permeability require tile spacing

of 50 to 70 feet and may require surface ditches for

adequate subsurface drainage.

A root-restrictive layer is a limitation where dense

material, a natric horizon, bedrock, or a fragipan is

within 40 inches of the surface. A root-restrictive layer

can increase the susceptibility of the soil to erosion

and limit the effectiveness of drainage systems. Rootrestrictive layers affect plant growth by limiting the

amount of plant nutrients and available water. Dana,

Miami, Swygert, and Varna are examples of soils that

have dense material within 40 inches of the surface. A

combination of conservation measures, including

special tillage practices, incorporation of organic

matter into the soil, and suitable crop selection, can

help to overcome this limitation.

Water erosion is a hazard where the Kw factor

multiplied by the slope is more than 0.8 and the slope

is 3 percent or more. Erosion can occur when the

surface soil is not protected against the impact of

raindrops. Erosion reduces soil aggregate stability and

thus reduces the rate of water infiltration and

increases the rate of surface runoff (Brady, 1984).

Soils on long or steep slopes are more susceptible to

water erosion than soils on short or gentle slopes.

Sheet or rill erosion is a hazard in areas where slopes

are more than 2 percent or in areas where slopes are

longer or are subject to concentrated flow. Excessive

runoff decreases the quality of surface water through

sedimentation and contamination by agricultural

chemicals attached to soil particles in the sediment.

The sediment enters streams, rivers, water

impoundments, and road ditches. Water erosion is a

hazard on about 37 percent of the total land area in

the county. Camden, Catlin, Dana, Miami, and Wyanet

are examples of soils that are subject to water erosion.

Erosion can be controlled by a conservation tillage

system that leaves crop residue on the surface after

planting or by a cropping sequence that includes

grasses and legumes. On soils with long, uniform

slopes, contour farming and/or terraces in combination

with a conservation tillage system can help to control

erosion. Control of sedimentation is needed in order to

maintain proper drainage. Removal of the sediments is

expensive. Management measures that control water

erosion help to reduce the extent of sedimentation and

improve the quality of water available for rural,

municipal, and recreational uses and for fish and

wildlife.

Wetness is a limitation where the seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 1.5 feet or less. It is a

management concern on much of the acreage used

for crops in McLean County. Some soils are naturally

so wet that the production of crops generally is not

possible unless a drainage system is installed. The

poorly drained Ashkum, Drummer, Edgington, Elpaso,

Harpster, Hartsburg, Peotone, Sable, and Sawmill

soils are examples of soils that are limited by wetness.

Seasonal wetness in areas of somewhat poorly

drained soils, such as Ipava, Flanagan, Lawson,

Aetna, and Radford soils, can delay planting in wet

years.

Most of the soils in the county that require drainage

are already drained by tile, but many drainage

systems are old and should be replaced if maximum

efficiency is to be achieved. Subsurface drains can

help to lower the seasonal high water table if suitable

outlets are available. In soils with a high content of clay

and restricted permeability, subsurface drainage may

not be practical. In these soils surface ditches may

help to reduce the wetness. Management of drainage

in conformance with regulations influencing wetlands

may require special permits and extra planning.

Limitations and Hazards Affecting

Pasture

Growing legumes, cool-season grasses, and warmseason grasses that are suited to the soils and climate

of the county helps to maintain productive pastures.

Suitable pasture and hay plants include several

legumes, cool-season grasses, and native warmseason grasses. The legumes commonly grown in the

county are alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, and ladino

clover. Alfalfa grows best on well drained soils, such as

Proctor and Plano soils, and on moderately well

drained soils, such as Catlin and Clare soils. It also is

suitable on some of the somewhat poorly drained

soils, such as Atterberry, Flanagan, and Raub soils,

but wetness can be a limitation. Other legumes, such

as alsike clover, red clover, and ladino clover, are more

tolerant of the wetter conditions.
150 Soil Survey of

The cool-season grasses commonly grown in the

county include smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass,

and tall fescue. These grasses can be grown alone or

in mixtures with legumes. Native warm-season

grasses, such as indiangrass, big bluestem, and

switchgrass, grow very well in the summer. The

management required for warm-season grasses

differs from the management required for cool-season

grasses.

Proper grazing management is essential for the

production of high-quality forage, stand survival, and

erosion control. This management helps the plants to

maintain sufficient and generally vigorous top growth

during the growing season (fig. 11). Brush control is

essential in many areas, and weed control is generally

needed. Rotational grazing, deferred grazing when the

soil is wet, and applications of lime and fertilizer

according to the results of soil tests also are important

management practices.

The main concerns in managing pasture in McLean

County are an equipment limitation, excess lime,

flooding, frost heave, limited available water capacity,

low pH, ponding, poor tilth, a root-restrictive layer,

water erosion, and wetness. Table 6 lists the limitations

and hazards affecting pastures on the soils in the

county that are in capability classes 1 through 6.

An equipment limitation occurs where the slope is

more than 18 percent. This limitation can cause rapid

wear of equipment. Also, it can hinder fertilization,

harvest, pasture renovation, and seedbed preparation.

The use of equipment is limited by the slope of the

moderately steep and steep Miami, Hennepin, and

Strawn soils.

Excess lime is a limitation where the calcium

carbonate equivalent is 15 percent or more within 16

inches of the surface. The high content of carbonates

affects the availability of many plant nutrients and

influences the effectiveness of herbicides. Excess lime

is a management concern in areas of Harpster soils.

Frequent applications of a small amount of fertilizer

are needed to correct nutrient imbalances. Pasture

plants may respond well to additions of phosphate

fertilizer. Applications of herbicide should be adjusted

as the level of alkalinity increases.

Flooding is a hazard where the soil is occasionally

or frequently flooded. Flooding occurs in unprotected

areas along the major rivers and their tributaries.

Surface drainage ditches can help to remove

floodwater where suitable outlets are available.

Flooding may damage pasture plants in some years.

Aetna, Huntsville, Lawson, Radford, Ross, and

Sawmill soils are subject to flooding.

Figure 11.—Pasture in an area of sloping Strawn and La Rose soils. Proper grazing management improves the vigor and

reproduction of desirable plants.
McLean County, Illinois 151

Dikes and diversions minimize the extent of the

damage caused by floodwater. Selecting forage and

hay varieties adapted to shorter growing seasons and

wetter conditions reduces the extent of flood damage.

Restricted use during wet periods helps to keep the

pasture in good condition. Management of drainage in

conformance with regulations may require special

permits and extra planning.

Frost heave is a limitation where the potential for

frost action is moderate or high and the soil is poorly

drained or very poorly drained. Frost heave occurs in

soils when ice lenses or bands develop into or push an

ice wedge between two layers of soil near the surface

layer. The ice wedges heave the overlying soil layer

upward, snapping the roots. Soils with a low content of

sand have small pores that hold water and enable ice

lenses to form. Ashkum, Drummer, and Selma are

among the soils that are susceptible to frost heave.

Selecting adapted forage and hay varieties reduces

the effects of frost heave. Timely rotation of grazing

maintains a surface cover that insulates the soil and

thus minimizes frost heave. Leaving stubble, 4 to 6

inches high, on a pasture in winter and planting grasslegume mixtures also minimize frost heave.

Limited available water capacity is a limitation

where the slope is 25 percent or less and the amount

of plant-available water to a depth of 60 inches or to a

limiting layer above 60 inches is less than 6 inches.

Available water capacity is the volume of water that is

be available to plants when the soil is at field capacity.

Fox, Lorenzo, and Warsaw are examples of soils with

a limited available water capacity.

Increasing the content of organic matter in the

surface layer and selecting plant species that are

tolerant of drought can improve the pasture in areas of

soils with a limited available water capacity.

Low pH is a limitation where the pH is 5.5 or less

within a depth of 40 inches. This limitation can cause

toxicity or decrease the availability of plant nutrients,

either of which affects the health and vigor of the

plants. Many soils in McLean County have low pH.

Camden, Keomah, and Osco soils are examples.

Selecting adapted forage and hay varieties and

applying lime according to the results of soil tests help

to overcome this limitation. Planting species that are

more tolerant of acidic conditions, such as red clover

and alsike clover, can increase the quantity and

improve the quality of livestock forage.

Ponding is a limitation in areas where the seasonal

high water table is above the surface. Ponding

decreases aeration and increases nutrient losses.

Ashkum, Drummer, Peotone, and Sawmill soils are

subject to ponding.

Land grading helps to control ponding. Surface

ditches and surface inlet tile also can help to remove

the excess water if suitable outlets are available.

Management of drainage in conformance with wetland

regulations may require special permits and extra

planning. Selecting forage and hay varieties adapted

to wet conditions improves forage production.

Restricted use during wet periods helps to keep the

pasture in good condition.

Poor tilth is a limitation in areas where the surface

layer has 27 to 35 percent clay and less than 4

percent organic matter or where it has a clay content

of 35 percent or more. Poor tilth can occur in soils

when part of the subsoil is incorporated into the plow

layer because of erosion. Incorporation of subsoil

material decreases the amount of organic matter and

increases the content of clay in the surface soil. Heavy

rainfall often causes surface crusting. Poor tilth also

occurs in poorly drained soils with a high content of

clay, regardless of the content of organic matter, and

in soils that have been excessively tilled.

Poor tilth decreases the rate of water infiltration and

increases the runoff rate and the susceptibility to

erosion on the more sloping soils. Soils with poor tilth

generally have a surface layer that is sticky when wet

and hard and cloddy when dry. They can be tilled only

within a narrow range of moisture content. As a result,

seedbed preparation is difficult.

When pastures are established or renovated,

minimizing tillage and applying conservation tillage

operations during periods when soil moisture

conditions are optimal or nearly optimal can improve

tilth.

A root-restrictive layer is a limitation where dense

material, a natric horizon, bedrock, or a fragipan is

within 40 inches of the surface. A root-restrictive layer

can increase the susceptibility of the soil to erosion

and limit the effectiveness of drainage systems. Rootrestrictive layers affect plant growth by limiting the

amount of plant nutrients and available water. Dana,

Miami, Swygert, and Varna are examples of soils that

have dense material within 40 inches of the surface. A

combination of conservation measures, including

special tillage practices, incorporation of organic

matter into the soil, and selection of adapted forage

and hay varieties, can help to overcome this

limitation.

Water erosion is a hazard where the Kw factor

multiplied by the slope is more than 1.0 and the slope

is 3 percent or more. Erosion can occur in overgrazed

areas or during pasture establishment and renovation

when the surface soil is not protected against the

impact of raindrops. The impact of raindrops causes
152 Soil Survey of

poor tilth, which reduces the rate of water infiltration

and increases the runoff rate. Water erosion reduces

the productivity of the soil. Also, the eroding

sediments, livestock manure, and added nutrients

enter streams, rivers, water impoundments, and road

ditches. Camden, Catlin, Dana, Miami, and Wyanet

are examples of soils that are subject to water erosion.

Soils on long or steep slopes are also more

susceptible to water erosion than soils on short or

gentle slopes.

Rotation grazing, which prevents overgrazing and

thus prevents surface compaction and excessive

runoff, helps to control erosion. Tilling on the contour,

using a no-till system of seeding when a seedbed is

prepared or the pasture is renovated, and selecting

adapted forage and hay varieties also help to control

erosion.

Wetness is a limitation where the seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 1.5 feet or less. It is a

management concern on much of the acreage used

for pasture in McLean County. The poorly drained

Ashkum, Drummer, Edgington, El Paso, Harpster,

Hartsburg, Peotone, Sable, and Sawmill soils are

examples of soils that are limited by wetness.

Most of the soils needing drainage are already

drained by tile, but many drainage systems are old

and should be replaced for maximum efficiency.

Subsurface drains can help to lower the seasonal high

water table if suitable outlets are available. In soils with

a high content of clay and restricted permeability,

subsurface drainage may not be practical. In these

soils surface ditches may help to reduce the wetness.

Management of drainage in conformance with

regulations influencing wetlands may require special

permits and extra planning

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 7. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

map units in the survey area also is shown in the

table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents (Fehrenbacher et al., 1978). Available yield

data from nearby counties and results of field trials

and demonstrations also are considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 7 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major

and generally expensive landforming that would

change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the

soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely major

reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show

suitability and limitations of groups of soils for

rangeland, for forestland, or for engineering

purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). Only capability class and subclass are

used in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.
McLean County, Illinois 153

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

restrict the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but

have other limitations, impractical to remove, that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation and that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict their

use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that preclude commercial plant production

and that restrict their use to recreational purposes,

wildlife habitat, watershed, or esthetic purposes.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, rangeland, forestland, wildlife habitat,

or recreation.

The capability classification of the soils in this

survey area is given in the section “Soil Series and

Detailed Soil Map Units” and in the yields table.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding.

Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More

detailed information about the criteria for prime

farmland is available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

Potentially, 704,736 acres in the survey area, or

approximately 93 percent of the total acreage, meets

the soil requirements for prime farmland. Some of this

acreage is prime farmland only where certain

conditions are met. Areas of this land are throughout

the county.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland

to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime

farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal

lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty,

and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 8. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding or wetness, are needed. Onsite evaluation

is needed to determine whether or not the hazard or

limitation has been overcome by corrective measures.

The extent of each listed map unit is shown in table 5.

The location is shown on the detailed soil maps. The

soil qualities that affect use and management are

described in the section “Soil Series and Detailed Soil

Map Units.”
154 Soil Survey of

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area are

listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin et al., 1979; U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, 1987; National Research Council, 1995;

Tiner, 1985). Criteria for each of the characteristics

must be met for areas to be identified as wetlands.

Undrained hydric soils that have natural vegetation

should support a dominant population of ecological

wetland plant species. Hydric soils that have been

converted to other uses should be capable of being

restored to wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or

ponding long enough during the growing season to

develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register, 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register, 1995). These

criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series

that normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria

used are selected estimated soil properties that are

described in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999)

and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998)

and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division

Staff, 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt et

al., 1998).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present (National Research Council, 1995; Hurt et al.,

1998).

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in

the higher positions on the landform, and map units

made up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of

hydric soils in the lower positions on the landform.

Table 9 indicates the hydric and nonhydric soils

identified in the names of the detailed map units in the

county. The table also identifies the included soils that

are considered hydric. Onsite investigation is

recommended to determine whether hydric soils occur

and the location of the included hydric soils.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks are needed in some areas in McLean

County where the soils are subject to wind erosion.

Wind erosion is a moderate hazard on some soils in

the county where the surface is not protected. These

soils have a surface layer of very fine sandy loam or

sandy loam or have a high content of finely divided

calcium carbonate or a high content of clay in the

surface layer. Harpster soils have a high content of

calcium carbonate in the surface layer. Ashkum and

Peotone soils have a high content of clay in the

surface layer.

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, yards, fruit

trees, gardens, and cropland from wind and snow;

help to keep snow on fields; and provide food and

cover for wildlife. Field windbreaks are narrow

plantings made at right angles to the prevailing wind

and at specific intervals across the field. The interval

depends on the erodibility of the soil. Environmental

plantings help to beautify and screen houses and

other buildings and to abate noise. The plants, mostly

evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely spaced. To

ensure plant survival, a healthy planting stock of

suitable species should be planted properly on a well

prepared site and maintained in good condition.

Table 10 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in table 10 are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and
McLean County, Illinois 155

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or of

the Cooperative Extension Service or from a

commercial nursery.

Woodland

In the early 1800s, forests covered about 10.9

percent of the land in McLean County (Iverson et al.,

1989). Since then, most of the trees have been

cleared from the areas best suited to cultivation. By

1997, only 7,803 acres, or about 1 percent of the total

acreage of the county, remained as woodland (fig. 12;

USDA, 1997). Most of the woodland is privately

owned. The most common trees in the uplands are

white oak, black oak, northern red oak, shagbark

hickory, white ash, green ash, sugar maple, silver

maple, boxelder, black walnut, black cherry, and

American elm. The most common trees on flood

plains are cottonwood, sycamore, willow, bur oak,

pin oak, swamp white oak, hackberry, and silver

maple.

The remaining woodland is dominantly in areas that

are too steep, too wet, or too isolated for cultivation.

Most of these areas are along the drainageways of the

Mackinaw and Sangamon Rivers and Kickapoo and

Sugar Creeks. If properly managed, the soils in these

forested areas are generally well suited to high-quality

trees (fig. 13).

The productivity of many of the remaining forest

stands could be improved by proper management.

Exclusion of livestock, protection from fire, insects,

and diseases, proper logging methods, and proven

silvicultural methods that enhance growth and

regeneration are needed in these areas.

Forest Productivity

Table 11 can help woodland owners or managers

plan the use of soils for wood crops. In this table, the

potential productivity of merchantable or common

trees on a soil is expressed as a site index and as a

Figure 12.—Understory trees and shrubs in a wooded area of Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, at Moraine View State

Park.
156 Soil Survey of

volume number. The site index is the average height,

in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of a given

species attain in a specified number of years. The site

index applies to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged

stands. Commonly grown trees are those that forest

managers generally favor in intermediate or

improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis

of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability. More

detailed information regarding site index is available in

the “National Forestry Manual” (USDA, 1998), which is

available in local offices of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or on the Internet.

The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield

likely to be produced by the most important tree

species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per

acre per year and calculated at the age of culmination

of the mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates the

amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

Suggested trees to plant are those that are

preferred for planting, seeding, or natural regeneration

and those that remain in the stand after thinning or

partial harvest.

Recreation

The demand for recreational facilities is increasing

throughout McLean County. Lake Bloomington,

Evergreen Lake, and Moraine View State Park are

among the larger recreational areas available for

public use. Playgrounds, athletic fields, golf courses,

fishing ponds, camping and picnic areas, hunting

areas, and facilities for target shooting are throughout

the county.

The soils of the survey area are rated in tables 12a

and 12b according to limitations that affect their

suitability for recreation. The ratings are both verbal

and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent

to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features

that affect the recreational uses. Not limited indicates

that the soil has features that are very favorable for the

specified use. Good performance and very low

maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited

indicates that the soil has features that are moderately

favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be

overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or

installation. Fair performance and moderate

Figure 13.—A wooded area of Miami and Hennepin soils, 18 to 35 percent slopes.
McLean County, Illinois 157

maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates

that the soil has one or more features that are

unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

The ratings in the tables are based on restrictive

soil features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of

the surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is

considered. Not considered in the ratings, but

important in evaluating a site, are the location and

accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the

area and its scenic quality, vegetation, access to

water, potential water impoundment sites, and access

to public sewer lines. The capacity of the soil to absorb

septic tank effluent and the ability of the soil to support

vegetation also are important. Soils that are subject to

flooding are limited for recreational uses by the

duration and intensity of flooding and the season when

flooding occurs. In planning recreational facilities,

onsite assessment of the height, duration, intensity,

and frequency of flooding is essential.

The information in tables 12a and 12b can be

supplemented by other information in this survey, for

example, interpretations for building site development,

construction materials, sanitary facilities, and water

management.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect the ease of developing camp

areas and the performance of the areas after

development. Slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock

or a cemented pan are the main concerns affecting

the development of camp areas. The soil properties

that affect the performance of the areas after

development are those that influence trafficability and

promote the growth of vegetation, especially in heavily

used areas. For good trafficability, the surface of camp

areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under

heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect the ease of developing picnic

areas and that influence trafficability and the growth of

vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness are

the main concerns affecting the development of picnic

areas. For good trafficability, the surface of picnic

areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under

heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are

free of stones, and can withstand intensive foot traffic.

The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect

the ease of developing playgrounds and that influence

trafficability and the growth of vegetation after

development. Slope and stoniness are the main

concerns affecting the development of playgrounds.

For good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds

should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy

foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no slope modification through

cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect trafficability and erodibility. These

properties are stoniness, depth to a water table,

ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the surface

layer.

Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site

preparation. They are not covered with surfacing

material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of the

soil material is likely. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that influence erodibility, trafficability,

dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These

properties are stoniness, slope, depth to a water table,

ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface layer.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The
158 Soil Survey of

ratings are based on the soil properties that affect

plant growth and trafficability after vegetation is

established. The properties that affect plant growth are

reaction; depth to a water table; ponding; depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts,

sodium, or calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials.

The properties that affect trafficability are flooding,

depth to a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and

the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the

surface layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees,

roughs, and greens is not considered in the ratings.

Wildlife Habitat

Originally, much of McLean County was part of a

broad, tall-grass prairie that had wet meadows,

marshes, and areas of open water. This area is near

the southern limit of the Midwestern prairie pothole

region that traditionally provided valuable nesting and

stop-over habitat for migratory waterfowl and provided

habitat for other wetland wildlife and for openland

wildlife. Although some areas were wooded, especially

those along creeks and on moderately steep to very

steep landforms, the native plant communities were

dominated by tall prairie grasses.

As the county was settled, conversion of land to

agricultural uses and urbanization altered the natural

plant communities and the wildlife species associated

with them. The landscape in McLean County is now a

mosaic of urban development, cropland, pasture,

isolated areas of forestland, wetlands, and waterways

that support wildlife species that have adapted to the

human-altered landscape. These species include

whitetail deer, fox, coyotes, mourning doves,

pheasants, squirrels, cardinals, and raccoons.

The largest areas that are managed for wildlife are

Moraine View State Park, near LeRoy, and COMLARA

County Park, around Evergreen Lake. Other areas are

near Lake Bloomington, the Parkland’s Foundation

Preserve along the Mackinaw River, Funks Grove

Preserve, and Saybrook Habitat Area.

Many areas used as wildlife habitat are not

necessarily set aside for this purpose. Wildlife habitat

is commonly a secondary use in areas used primarily

for other purposes, such as farming. For example, the

large areas of nearly level and gently sloping soils

used for cultivated crops and pasture are also

generally well suited to use as habitat for openland

wildlife.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 13, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture also are considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

are also considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are lovegrass, orchardgrass, bromegrass,

clover, and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the
McLean County, Illinois 159

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod, ragweed,

wildrye, and Illinois bundleflower.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, hickory, sycamore,

cottonwood, elm, sassafras, serviceberry, gray

dogwood, flowering dogwood, hazelnut, sumac, and

raspberry. Soils rated good are best suited to native

plants, such as hazelnut, gray or silky dogwood, oak,

and hickory. Table 11 shows some of the trees

recommended for planting on the soils in the county.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are white

pine, Norway spruce, balsam fir, redcedar, and juniper.

Table 10 shows some of the trees recommended for

planting on the soils in the county.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice,

saltgrass, cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark,

field sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for openland wildlife can be improved by

seeding roadsides, fence rows, and wildlife travel

lanes (fig. 14) to perennial plants and legumes, such

as smooth bromegrass, timothy, redtop, bluegrass,

alfalfa, red clover, ladino clover, or alsike clover.

Grassy areas can be enhanced with perennial native

prairie grasses, such as big bluestem, little bluestem,

switchgrass, and indiangrass. Nesting cover should be

protected from fire, traffic, grazing, mowing, or other

disturbance until after the nesting season.

Warm-season grasses grow best under periodic

prescribed burning. Any existing woody cover should

be protected from fire and grazing. The trees and

shrubs established in hedgerows and windbreaks

should be those that provide food and roosting areas.

Brush piles can provide cover along fence rows and in

odd-shaped areas that are inconvenient for cultivation.

Leaving crop residue on the surface after harvest,

leaving waste grain in the fields, and leaving

unharvested areas next to wildlife cover help to

provide cover and food throughout the winter.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated

grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife

attracted to these areas include woodcock, thrushes,

woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, and deer.

Habitat for woodland wildlife can be improved by

protecting native trees, shrubs, and prairie plants from

grazing livestock and uncontrolled fire, which can

destroy the leaf mulch and the desirable young trees,

shrubs, and sprouts that provide food and cover.

Hedgerows, farm windbreaks, brush piles, food plots,

and strips of grass or grass-legume mixtures provide

additional food and cover. Establishing and

maintaining plantings for food and cover may be

difficult in the more sloping areas because of the slope

and the hazard of erosion. Establishing food plots of

grain or seed crops in the less sloping areas and on

the contour reduces the hazard of erosion. Dead trees

can provide den sites for raccoons, woodpeckers,

opossum, and other cavity-dwelling species.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, mink, frogs, snakes, and turtles.

Habitat for wetland wildlife can be improved by

delaying or limiting the cultivation and planting of

commodity crops in shallow depressions that are

subject to ponding; by protecting areas of

smartweeds, bulrushes, burreeds, and barnyard

grasses; and by planting Japanese millet, milo, and

short corn varieties. Blocking natural channels and

artificial drainage systems can create shallow ponds

and marshes. If pits dug in poorly drained or very

poorly drained soils are at least 30 feet in diameter

and 2 to 3 feet deep, they provide open water through
160 Soil Survey of

the spring and early summer and thus encourage

nesting by ducks. These areas should be protected

from grazing.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the data in the tables described under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil between the surface and a

depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small

areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about particle-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water

table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil

structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

Figure 14.— An area of gently sloping Russell soils, nearly level Lawson soils, and steep Strawn, Miami, and Hennepin soils along

Rock Creek. Fence rows provide cover and travel lanes for wildlife.
McLean County, Illinois 161

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, reclamation material,

roadfill, and topsoil; plan drainage systems, irrigation

systems, ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil

and water conservation; and predict performance of

proposed small structures and pavements by

comparing the performance of existing similar

structures on the same or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Soil properties influence the development of

building sites, including the selection of the site, the

design of the structure, construction, performance

after construction, and maintenance. Tables 14a and

14b show the degree and kind of soil limitations that

affect dwellings with and without basements, small

commercial buildings, local roads and streets, shallow

excavations, and lawns and landscaping.

The ratings in the tables are both verbal and

numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to

which the soils are limited by all of the soil features

that affect building site development. Not limited

indicates that the soil has features that are very

favorable for the specified use. Good performance and

very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat

limited indicates that the soil has features that are

moderately favorable for the specified use. The

limitations can be overcome or minimized by special

planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and

moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited

indicates that the soil has one or more features that

are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories

or less. For dwellings without basements, the

foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of

reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth

of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration,

whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements,

the foundation is assumed to consist of spread

footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil

at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are

based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of

the soil to support a load without movement and on

the properties that affect excavation and construction

costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting

capacity include depth to a water table, ponding,

flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell

potential), and compressibility. Compressibility is

inferred from the Unified classification. The properties

that affect the ease and amount of excavation include

depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth

to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or

a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock

fragments.

Small commercial buildings are structures that are

less than three stories high and do not have

basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of

spread footings of reinforced concrete built on

undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of

maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The

ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the

capacity of the soil to support a load without

movement and on the properties that affect excavation

and construction costs. The properties that affect the

load-supporting capacity include depth to a water

table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear

extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and

compressibility (which is inferred from the Unified

classification). The properties that affect the ease and

amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a

water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented

pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base
162 Soil Survey of

of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by

lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material

(asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a

binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect the ease of excavation and grading and the

traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect

the ease of excavation and grading are depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a

cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding,

flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The

properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity

are soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group

index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrinkswell potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a

water table, and ponding.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines,

open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are

based on the soil properties that influence the ease of

digging and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a

cemented pan, the amount of large stones, and dense

layers influence the ease of digging, filling, and

compacting. Depth to the seasonal high water table,

flooding, and ponding may restrict the period when

excavations can be made. Slope influences the ease

of using machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water

table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential)

influence the resistance to sloughing.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the

ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect plant growth and trafficability after

vegetation is established. The properties that affect

plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table;

ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the

available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the

content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and

sulfidic materials. The properties that affect

trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table,

ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand,

clay, or organic matter in the surface layer.

Sanitary Facilities

Tables 15a and 15b show the degree and kind of

soil limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for

landfill. The ratings are both verbal and numerical.

Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the

soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect

these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has

features that are very favorable for the specified use.

Good performance and very low maintenance can be

expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has

features that are moderately favorable for the specified

use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by

special planning, design, or installation. Fair

performance and moderate maintenance can be

expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one

or more features that are unfavorable for the specified

use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome

without major soil reclamation, special design, or

expensive installation procedures. Poor performance

and high maintenance can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect absorption of the effluent, construction and

maintenance of the system, and public health.

Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, and flooding affect

absorption of the effluent. Stones and boulders, ice,

and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with

installation. Subsidence interferes with installation and

maintenance. Excessive slope may cause lateral

seepage and surfacing of the effluent in downslope

areas.

Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel

or fractured bedrock at a depth of less than 4 feet

below the distribution lines. In these soils the

absorption field may not adequately filter the effluent,

particularly when the system is new. As a result, the

ground water may become contaminated.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Nearly impervious soil material for

the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize

seepage and contamination of ground water.

Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability,

depth to a water table, ponding, depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the

suitability for sewage lagoons. Most porous soils

eventually become sealed when they are used as sites
McLean County, Illinois 163

for sewage lagoons. Until sealing occurs, however, the

hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that have a

permeability rate of more than 2 inches per hour are

too porous for the proper functioning of sewage

lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the effluent can

result in contamination of the ground water. Groundwater contamination is also a hazard if fractured

bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the water

table is high enough to raise the level of sewage in the

lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the lagoon.

A high content of organic matter is detrimental to

proper functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits

aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans

can cause construction problems, and large stones

can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If the

lagoon is to be uniformly deep throughout, the slope

must be gentle enough and the soil material must be

thick enough over bedrock or a cemented pan to make

land smoothing practical.

A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid

waste is placed in successive layers in an excavated

trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered

daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site.

When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material at

least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The ratings

in the table are based on the soil properties that affect

the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation,

trafficability, and revegetation. These properties

include permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented

pan, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding,

texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers,

soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless

otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of

the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper

trenches, onsite investigation may be needed.

Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or

highly permeable strata in or directly below the

proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of

excavation and the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Slope affects construction of the trenches and the

movement of surface water around the landfill. It also

affects the construction and performance of roads in

areas of the landfill.

Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with

which the trench is dug and the ease with which the

soil can be used as daily or final cover. They

determine the workability of the soil when dry and

when wet. Soils that are plastic and sticky when wet

are difficult to excavate, grade, or compact and are

difficult to place as a uniformly thick cover over a layer

of refuse.

The soil material used as the final cover for a trench

landfill should be suitable for plants. It should not have

excess sodium or salts and should not be too acid.

The surface layer generally has the best workability,

the highest content of organic matter, and the best

potential for plants. Material from the surface layer

should be stockpiled for use as the final cover.

In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site. A final

cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is placed over

the completed landfill. The ratings in table 15b are

based on the soil properties that affect trafficability and

the risk of pollution. These properties include flooding,

permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, slope,

and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan.

Flooding is a serious problem because it can result

in pollution in areas downstream from the landfill. If

permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a

fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to

the surface, the leachate can contaminate the water

supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra

grading required to maintain roads in the steeper

areas of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow along the

surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause

difficult seepage problems.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

The ratings in table 15b also apply to the final cover for

a landfill. They are based on the soil properties that

affect workability, the ease of digging, and the ease of

moving and spreading the material over the refuse

daily during wet and dry periods. These properties

include soil texture, depth to a water table, ponding,

rock fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented

pan, reaction, and content of salts, sodium, or lime.

Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones and

excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. Clayey

soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils

are subject to wind erosion.

Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving

the cover material. Also, it can influence runoff,

erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or lime

and should not be too acid.
164 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials

Tables 16a and 16b give information about the soils

as potential sources of reclamation material, roadfill,

topsoil, gravel, and sand. Normal compaction, minor

processing, and other standard construction practices

are assumed.

The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential

sources of topsoil, reclamation material, and roadfill.

The features that limit the soils as sources of these

materials are specified in the table 16a. The numerical

ratings given after the specified features indicate the

degree to which the features limit the soils as sources

of topsoil, reclamation material, or roadfill. The lower

the number, the greater the limitation.

The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential

sources of sand and gravel. A rating of good or fair

means that the source material is likely to be in or

below the soil. The bottom layer and the thickest layer

of the soils are assigned numerical ratings. These

ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a source

of sand or gravel. The number 0.00 indicates that the

layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 indicates that

the layer is a good source. A number between 0.00

and 1.00 indicates the degree to which the layer is a

likely source

Reclamation material is used in areas that have

been drastically disturbed by surface mining or similar

activities. When these areas are reclaimed, layers of

soil material or unconsolidated geological material, or

both, are replaced in a vertical sequence. The

reconstructed soil favors plant growth. The ratings in

the table do not apply to quarries and other mined

areas that require an offsite source of reconstruction

material. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect erosion and stability of the surface and the

productive potential of the reconstructed soil. These

properties include the content of sodium, salts, and

calcium carbonate; reaction; available water capacity;

erodibility; texture; content of rock fragments; and

content of organic matter and other features that affect

fertility.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In table 16a, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface

to a depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers

will be mixed when the soil material is excavated and

spread.

The ratings are based on the amount of suitable

material and on soil properties that affect the ease of

excavation and the performance of the material after it

is in place. The thickness of the suitable material is a

major consideration. How well the soil performs in

place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

AASHTO classification of the soil) and linear

extensibility (shrink-swell potential).

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area. The ratings are based on the soil properties that

affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading the material; and reclamation of the

borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the

properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as

available water capacity and fertility, affect plant

growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and

spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth

to a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, depth to a water table, rock fragments, depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its content of organic

matter. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In table 16b, only the

likelihood of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material. The properties used to

evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are

gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the Unified

classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable

material, and the content of rock fragments. If the

bottom layer of the soil contains sand or gravel, the

soil is considered a likely source regardless of

thickness. The assumption is that the sand or gravel

layer below the depth of observation exceeds the

minimum thickness.

Water Management

Tables 17a and 17b give information on the soil

properties and site features that affect water

management. The degree and kind of soil limitations

are given for pond reservoir areas (fig. 15);

embankments, dikes, and levees; aquifer-fed

excavated ponds; grassed waterways and surface
McLean County, Illinois 165

drains; terraces and diversions; and drainage. The

ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class

terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited

by all of the soil features that affect these uses. Not

limited indicates that the soil has features that are very

favorable for the specified use. Good performance and

very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat

limited indicates that the soil has features that are

moderately favorable for the specified use. The

limitations can be overcome or minimized by special

planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and

moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited

indicates that the soil has one or more features that

are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. Embankments that have zoned

construction (core and shell) are not considered. In

table 17a, the soils are rated as a source of material

for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil

material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5

feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly

mixed and compacted during construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

Figure 15.—A pond in an area of Strawn loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, east of Lake Bloomington.
166

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a

high content of stones or boulders, organic matter,

or salts or sodium. A high water table affects the

amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Grassed waterways and surface drains are natural

or constructed channels, generally broad and shallow,

that conduct surface water to outlets at a nonerosive

velocity. Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to

bedrock affect the construction of grassed waterways

and surface drains. A hazard of wind erosion, low

available water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts and sodium, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock affect the construction of

terraces and diversions. A restricted rooting depth, a

severe hazard of wind erosion or water erosion, an

excessively coarse texture, and restricted permeability

adversely affect maintenance.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock or other layers that affect the rate of water

movement; permeability; depth to a high water table or

depth of standing water if the soil is subject to ponding;

slope; susceptibility to flooding; subsidence of organic

layers; and the potential for frost action. Excavating

and grading and the stability of ditchbanks are affected

by depth to bedrock, large stones, slope, and the

hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil

after drainage is adversely affected by extreme acidity

or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as salts,

sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage outlets is

not considered in the ratings.
167

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine moisture density, percentage

passing sieves, liquid limit, plasticity index, and

AASHTO and Unified engineering classifications.

These results are reported in table 23.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown tables.

They include engineering index properties, physical

and chemical properties, and pertinent soil and water

features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 18 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of engineering properties for the layers of

each soil in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil that

is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less

than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7

groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4,

A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. The AASHTO

classification for soils tested is given in table 23.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Soil Properties
168 Soil Survey of

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the tables.

Physical Properties

Tables 19a and 19b show estimates of some

physical characteristics and features that affect soil

behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of

each soil in the survey area. The estimates are based

on field observations and on test data for these and

similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil

particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or

micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as

classes with specific effective diameter class limits.

The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging

from the larger to the smaller. In table 19a, the

estimated sand, silt and clay content of each soil layer

is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in

diameter.

Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter.

The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the

physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for

engineering and agronomic interpretations, for

determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil

classification.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In table 19a, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in table 19a indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is

considered in the design of soil drainage systems and

septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in table

19a as percent change for the whole soil. The amount

and type of clay minerals in the soil influence volume

change.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and
McLean County, Illinois 169

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Erosion factors are shown in table 19a as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors

used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and

the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are described in the “National Soil Survey

Handbook” (USDA, NRCS, NSSH).

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

19b, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Chemical Properties

Table 20 shows estimates of chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Water Features

Table 21 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or
170 Soil Survey of

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D,

B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 21 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for

less than a month is not considered a water table.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, only

percolation, transpiration, or evaporation removes the

water. Table 21 indicates surface water depth and the

duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered is local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Soil Features

Table 22 gives estimates of selected soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that

has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal

properties that significantly impede the movement of

water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or

otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment.

Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense

layers, and frozen layers. Depth to top is the vertical

distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of

the restrictive layer.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,
McLean County, Illinois 171

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid

structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.

Engineering Index Test Data

Table 23 shows laboratory test data for several

pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the

survey area. The pedons are representative of the

series described in the section “Soil Series and

Detailed Soil Map Units.” The Illinois Department of

Transportation, Springfield, Illinois, tested the soil

samples.

The testing methods generally are those of the

American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The tests and methods are AASHTO

classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM);

Unified classification—D 2487-00 (ASTM); Mechanical

analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 422 (ASTM), D 2217

(ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); and Moisture density—T 99 (AASHTO), D

698 (ASTM).

173

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487-00.

Brady, Nyle C. 1984. The nature and properties of soils. 9th edition. Cornell University

and U.S. Agency for International Development. Macmillan Publishing Company, New

York.

Brigham, William B. 1951. The story of McLean County and its schools.

Broderson, William D. Revised 1994. From the surface down: An introduction to soil

surveys for agronomic use.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands

and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

Fehrenbacher, J.B., R.A. Pope, I.J. Jansen, J.D. Alexander, and B.W. Ray. 1978. Soil

productivity in Illinois. University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, Cooperative

Extension Service Circular 1156.

Follmer, L.R., et al. 1979. Wisconsinan, Sangamonian, and Illinois stratigraphy of

central Illinois. Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference. Illinois Geological

Survey Guidebook 13.

Herzog, B.L., et al. 1994. Buried bedrock surface of Illinois (map). Department of

Energy and Natural Resources. Illinois State Geological Survey, U.S. Geological

Survey, Champaign, Illinois. Illinois Map No. 5.

Hopkins, C.G., J.G. Mosier, E. Van Alstine, and F.W. Garrett. 1911. McLean County

soils. University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Report 2.

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. Version 4.0, 1998. Field indicators of

hydric soils in the United States.

Iverson L.R., R.L. Oliver, D.P. Tucker, P.G. Risser, C.D. Burnett, and R.G. Rayburn. 1989.

The forest resources of Illinois: An atlas and analysis of spatial and temporal trends.

Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 11.

References
174 Soil Survey

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Johnson, W.H, and L.R. Follmer. 1989. Source and origin of Roxana Silt and Middle

Wisconsinan midcontinent glacial activity. Quaternary Research 31: 319-331.

McLean Centennial Association. 1955. Centennial history of McLean, Illinois.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Press, F., and R. Siever. 1985. Earth. 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New

York.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Tate, H. Clay. 1972. The way it was in McLean County, 1822-1972.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands

Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical

Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1997.

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agcensus.mannlib.cornell.edu)

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/)

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agriculture, preliminary report—Illinois. AC82-A-17-000(P).
McLean County, Illinois 175

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county quickfacts, McLean County, Illinois. (2 May 2002; http://quickfacts.census.gov/

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Experiment Station Report No. 159.

177

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon.

Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or

on steep, rocky slopes.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvial cone. The material washed down the sides of

mountains and hills by ephemeral streams and

deposited at the mouth of gorges in the form of a

moderately steep, conical mass descending

equally in all directions from the point of issue.

Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it

issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary

stream near or at its junction with its main stream.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree,

generally referring to the section at breast height

and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of

stand density, commonly expressed in square

feet.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular

to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral

shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of

a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash

sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedding system. A drainage system made by

plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface

of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges

separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows.

Glossary
178 Soil Survey of

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Breaks. The steep and very steep broken land at the

border of an upland summit that is dissected by

ravines.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard

crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. First

standardized in California. A soil having a CBR of

16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be

supported by standard crushed limestone, per unit

area, with the same degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated

soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that

contains much more clay than the horizons above

it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and

plastic or stiff when wet.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly
McLean County, Illinois 179

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See

Linear extensibility.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Congeliturbate. Soil material disturbed by frost

action.

Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic rock

composed of rounded or subangular rock

fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It

commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured

material. Conglomerate is the consolidated

equivalent of gravel.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coppice dune. A small dune of fine grained soil

material stabilized around shrubs or small trees.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth
180 Soil Survey of

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that

has a bulk density of more than 1.7 grams per

cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of

digging and can affect filling and compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Dip slope. A slope of the land surface, roughly

determined by and approximately conforming to

the dip of the underlying bedrock.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping

in which crops are grown in a systematic

arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the

slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One

strip is in a close-growing crop that provides

protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a

crop that provides less protection from erosion.

This practice is used where slopes are not long

enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be

used.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Draw. A small stream valley that generally is more

open and has broader bottom land than a ravine

or gulch.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief

are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct

natural plant community. An ecological site is the

product of all the environmental factors

responsible for its development. An association of

species that differ from those on other ecological

sites in kind and/or proportion of species or in total

production typifies it.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

End moraine. A ridgelike accumulation that is being

or was produced at the outer margin of an actively

flowing glacier at any given time.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary

of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are

saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human
McLean County, Illinois 181

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in a

tunnel beneath a glacier.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore

productivity through accumulation of moisture.

Summer fallow is common in regions of limited

rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is

tilled for at least one growing season for weed

control and decomposition of plant residue.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated

soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the

downhill side of the road.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Gilgai. Commonly, a succession of microbasins and

microknolls in nearly level areas or of microvalleys

and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically,

the microrelief of clayey soils that shrink and swell

considerably with changes in moisture content.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial lake (relict). An area formerly occupied by a

glacial lake. (See Glaciolacustrine deposits.)

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glacial till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift

consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by
182 Soil Survey of

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground moraine. An extensive, fairly even layer of till

having an uneven or undulating surface.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hard to reclaim (in tables). Reclamation is difficult

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

Head out. To form a flower head.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected
McLean County, Illinois 183

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.
184 Soil Survey of

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See

Permeability.)

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Landscape. A collection of related natural landforms;

usually the land surface which the eye can

comprehend in a single view.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil.

The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few (less than 2 percent);

common (2 to 20 percent); and many (more than

20 percent); size—fine to extremely coarse; and

contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 2

millimeters (about 0.08 inch); medium, 2 to 5

millimeters (about 0.08 to 0.2 inch); coarse, 5 to

20 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.8 inch); very

coarse, 20 to 76 millimeters (about 0.8 inch to 3.0

inches); and extremely coarse (more than 76

millimeters).
McLean County, Illinois 185

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Paleoterrace. An erosional remnant of a terrace that

retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its

origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly

does not grade to, a present-day stream or

drainage network.

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the

soil.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Impermeable ...........................less than 0.0015 inch

Very slow .................................... 0.0015 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the

soil.

Pitting (in tables). Pits caused by melting around ice.

They form on the soil after plant cover is removed.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.
186 Soil Survey of

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly

weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other

diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles,

usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns.

Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone

hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated

wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed

also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil,

plinthite can be cut with a spade. It is a form of

laterite.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the

desirable vegetation. This practice increases the

vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants

and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch

necessary to conserve soil and water.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.
McLean County, Illinois 187

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called

ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground

water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. A

soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more

than 10 percent clay is considered to be in the

sand texture class.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silica-sesquioxide ratio. The ratio of the number of

molecules of silica to the number of molecules of

alumina and iron oxide. The more highly

weathered soils or their clay fractions in warmtemperate, humid regions, and especially those in

the tropics, generally have a low ratio.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). Soil that is 80 percent or

more silt and less than 12 percent clay is

considered to be in the silt textural class.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slick spot. A small area of soil having a puddled,

crusted, or smooth surface and an excess of

exchangeable sodium. The soil generally is silty or

clayey, is slippery when wet, and is low in

productivity.
188 Soil Survey of

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture

content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, classes for simple slopes are as

follows:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 2 to 5 percent

Strongly sloping ............................... 5 to 10 percent

Moderately steep ........................... 10 to 18 percent

Steep ............................................... 18 to 35 percent

Very steep .............................. 35 percent and higher

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stone line. A concentration of rock fragments in a soil.

Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stream terrace. One of a series of platforms in a

stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to

the stream channel, originally formed near the

level of the stream, and representing the dissected

remnants of an abandoned flood plain, streambed,

or valley floor produced during a former period of

erosion or deposition.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summer fallow. The tillage of uncropped land during

the summer to control weeds and allow storage of

moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A

practice common in semiarid regions, where

annual precipitation is not enough to produce a

crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently

practiced before planting winter grain.
McLean County, Illinois 189

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is

ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to

topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by

mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Tuff. A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more

volcanic ash and dust.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

191

Tables
192 Soil Survey of

		






	
 

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McLean County, Illinois 377

		#
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4		


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4		


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McLean County, Illinois 381

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McLean County, Illinois 383

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384 Soil Survey of

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McLean County, Illinois 385

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McLean County, Illinois 387

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2B9""

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388 Soil Survey of

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McLean County, Illinois 389

		

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9""""

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79""""

(											"	0"3	/"0	"

"0	"13	/"	0"

"	2"13	/"	0"

"2	//"33	2"	0"	

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0/&9""""

%											"	"13	/"3	/"

"	2"13	/"1	/2"

"2	/"13	/"	/"

"/	1"33	2"	/"	1

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1&9""""

(
							"	3"3	/"3	/"

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13B9""""

7												"	"13	31"0	2"

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139""""

7												"	2"3	/"	/1"

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+										"	"13	31"3	/"

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390 Soil Survey of

		

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"""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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32&9""""

4											"	/"13	31"	0"

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23&9""""

5												"	/"1	/"0	/"

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23B9""""

5												"	0"1	/"2	1"

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McLean County, Illinois 391

		

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4#>								"	2"13	/"0	2"

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392 Soil Survey of

		

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										"	2"3	/"0	2"

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9""""


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McLean County, Illinois 393

		

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D											"	"13	/"	"

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D											"	2"13	/"/	/3"

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B>>								"	0"13	/"/	0"

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B>>								"	"13	/"/	0"

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B>>								"	"13	/"/	0"

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""""
394 Soil Survey of

		

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4		


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McLean County, Illinois 395

		

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"3	"13	31"	2"

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-*													"	2"13	31"3	2"

"2	"13	31"	0"

"	2"13	31"	0"

"2	/1"3	2"	0"	1

"/1	3"0	20"	"1	1

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//&9""""


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"2	/"13	31"2	"

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							"	"13	31"	3"

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396 Soil Survey of

		

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										"	1"3	/"	0"

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										"	2"3	/"	/1"

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3B9""""

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										"	2"13	31"	"

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"3	/0"0	20"	"	1

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33/&9""""

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""""
McLean County, Illinois 397

		

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"1	/"13	/"2	"

"/	/3"33	2"	"	1

"/3	3"0	20"0	3"1	0

""""
398 Soil Survey of

		

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(#
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"4"
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"""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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%											"	"13	/"3	/"

"	2"13	/"1	/2"

"2	/"13	31"	/"

"/	1"33	2"	/"	1

"1	3"0	20"	"	1

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4											"	/"13	31"	0"

"/	/2"3	/"	/"

"/2	0"33	2"	1"	1

"0	3"0	20"	/"	1

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3079""""

(											"	0"3	/"0	"

"0	"13	31"	0"

"	2"13	/"	0"

"2	//"33	2"	0"	1

"//	3"	20"0	/"1	0

""""

=								"	1"33	2"	/"	1

"1	3"0	20"	"	1

"3	3"	20"0	3"1	0

""""

30-9""""

(											"	3"3	/"	"

"3	"13	/"0	"

"	2"13	2"	"	1

"2	0"0	20"0	/"1	0

"0	3"0	20"0	/"1	0

""""

=								"	3"33	2"0	"	1

"3	"0	20"	"	1

"	3"	20"0	3"1	0

""""

/&9""""

4$
									"	/"3	/"/	/3"

"/	12"33	2"2	/0"

"12	31"33	20"2	/0"	1

""""

2/&9""""

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"/	/"33	2"3	2"	1

"/	3"0	20"0	3"	1

""""

20&9""""

)									"	"13	31"0	/"

"	"3	/"	3"

"	3"3	/"/	/3"

""""

2&9""""

=
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"	1"3	/"	2"

"1	31"3	/"0	/"

"31	2"33	2"	/"	1

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2&9""""

4$
									"	3"3	2"/	/3"

"3	1/"3	2"2	/0"	1

"1/	3"3	2"2	/0"	/

""""
McLean County, Illinois 399

		

)
4		


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""""

(#
"7
"4"
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"""
#"@%


"""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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201&9""""

+$										"	2"3	/"3	/"

"2	3"3	/"	1"

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2&9""""

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"2	"3	/"1	1"

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400 Soil Survey of

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"=#	"(
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"-@#"7
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"""""""""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

(																	"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	/3""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

9""""""""""

(																	"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	/3""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

79""""""""""

(																	"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	/3""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

0/&9""""""""""

%																	"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

1&9""""""""""

(
													"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

13B9""""""""""

7																		"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"//	1""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

139""""""""""

7																		"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"//	1""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

1&9""""""""""

+																"B".	(#"	"	/1""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

3B9""""""""""

+															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"			

""""""""""

39""""""""""

+															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"			

""""""""""

379""""""""""

+															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"			

""""""""""

3&9""""""""""

&

#												"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""
McLean County, Illinois 401

		E
-
		


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"""E

"'"-'

"""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(#
"=#	"(
"A"+$"C"4)"7
"-@#"7
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""""""""""

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3&9""""""""""

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"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

32&9""""""""""

4																	"BI7".	(#"	"G3"&
"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

23&9""""""""""

5																		"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"0	3"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

23B9""""""""""

5																		"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"0	3"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

23B9""""""""""

5																		"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	0"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

4$#'
															"".	(#"	"	03""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

1&9""""""""""

4
																	"BI7".	(#"	"G3"&
"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/0B9""""""""""

																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/09""""""""""

																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

01B9""""""""""

4#>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	//"	/0""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

01B9""""""""""

4#>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	//"	/0""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

019""""""""""

4#>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	//"	/0""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

03&9""""""""""

:

															"".	(#"	"	0/""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

02B9""""""""""


															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

029""""""""""


															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""
402 Soil Survey of

		E
-
		


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"""E

"'"-'

"""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(#
"=#	"(
"A"+$"C"4)"7
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															"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

1&9""""""""""

7

															"BI7".	(#"	"G3"&
"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

10&9""""""""""

-'														"B".	(#"	"/	10""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""


																"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"/	10""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""


																"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"1	/1"/	10""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

9""""""""""


																"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"/	10""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/B9""""""""""

(#%														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	/""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/9""""""""""

(#%														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	/""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

2&9""""""""""

:																"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

&9""""""""""

																	"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

																	"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

																	"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/&9""""""""""

6
																"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/B9""""""""""

D																	""."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	1""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""
McLean County, Illinois 403

		E
-
		


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"""E

"'"-'

"""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(#
"=#	"(
"A"+$"C"4)"7
"-@#"7
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"""""""""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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D																	""."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"	1""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

09""""""""""

4
$																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

0<9""""""""""

4
$																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/&9""""""""""

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"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

//B9""""""""""

B>>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"//	12""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

//B9""""""""""

B>>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"//	12""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

//9""""""""""

B>>														"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"//	12""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/3&9""""""""""

4																"".	(#"	"//	1""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

00&9""""""""""

=
'													"BI7".	(#"	"G3"&
"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

&9""""""""""

:''
													"I7".	(#"	"G3"&
"	1"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

;

															"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	0"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

&9""""""""""

E$																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

B9""""""""""

E$																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/&9""""""""""

&																"".	(#"	"/	11""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

0B9""""""""""

4#

														""."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	/1"1	0""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""
404 Soil Survey of

		E
-
		


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"""E

"'"-'

"""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(#
"=#	"(
"A"+$"C"4)"7
"-@#"7
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"'""

"

""$
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"""""""""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

""""""""""

""""""""""

/2B9""""""""""

+;															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/B9""""""""""

															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/9""""""""""

															"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/B9""""""""""

-*																			"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/9""""""""""

-*																			"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

//&9""""""""""


															"I7".	."	"G3"&
"	"B)"-@
"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

/0/&9""""""""""

C																		"B".	(#"	"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

02&9""""""""""

																		"B".	(#"	"//	12""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

03&9""""""""""

-
													"".	(#"1	"//	1""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

1//9""""""""""

A												"			".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

10B9""""""""""

<#

														""."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"1	/1"	/""			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

13&9""""""""""

:>
															"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	0"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

13B9""""""""""

:>
															"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	0"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

13B9""""""""""

:>
															"B"."G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""-	&"	0"G3"&
"			"			"			"			"6

""(#	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

179""""""""""

(
%										"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

30B9""""""""""

																"".	(#"	"	0/""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""
McLean County, Illinois 405

		E
-
		


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"""E

"'"-'

"""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(#
"=#	"(
"A"+$"C"4)"7
"-@#"7
"-@#

"'""

"

""$
""""

"'"""""
""""

"""""""""" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

""""""""""

""""""""""

30B9""""""""""

																"".	(#"	"	/""			"			"			"			"6

"".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

3B9""""""""""

E#
																"B".	7"G3"G3"			"			"			"			"			"6

""""""""""

39""""""""""

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2 
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making its

information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencing

accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at

1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov. For assistance

with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you may

also wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office and

phone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement
Printing Soil Survey Maps 

The soil survey maps were made at a scale of 1:12000 and were designed to be

used at that scale. To print the maps at 1:12000 scale, set the view to Actual

Size from the View pull down menu.

Using the pan tool, go to the area you would like to print. Select the Graphic

Selection Tool by holding down the Text Selection Tool button and clicking on the

Graphic Selection Tool button.
Then using the Graphic Selection Tool drag a box around the area you would like

to print. Note dashed lines forming a box around area to print.

Select File Print. The Print Range will be set to Selected graphic. Click OK and

the map will be sent to the printer.

Descriptions of Special Features

Name Description Label

Blowout A small saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped hollow or depression formed

by wind erosion on a preexisting sand deposit. Typically 0.2 acre to

2.0 acres.

BLO

Borrow pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed, usually for construction purposes. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BPI

Calcareous spot An area in which the soil contains carbonates in the surface layer.

The surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is

noncalcareous. Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

CSP

Clay spot A spot where the surface layer is silty clay or clay in areas where the

surface layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam,

loam, silt loam, or coarser. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

CLA

Depression, closed A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape

than the surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for

surface drainage. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

DEP

Disturbed soil spot An area in which the soil has been removed and materials

redeposited as a result of human activity. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0

acres.

DSS

Dumps Areas of nonsoil material that support little or no vegetation.

Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

DMP

Escarpment, bedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion

or faulting, that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping

land surfaces. Exposed material is hard or soft bedrock.

ESB

Escarpment, nonbedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced

by erosion but in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the

continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy

material is nonsoil or very shallow soil.

ESO

Glacial till spot An exposure of glacial till at the surface of the earth. Typically 0.25

acre to 2.0 acres.

GLA

Gravel pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or

gravel. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

GPI

Gravelly spot A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume,

rock fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an

area that has less than 15 percent rock fragments. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

GRA
Name Description Label

Gray spot A spot in which the surface layer is gray in areas where the

subsurface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit are

darker. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0 acres.

GSP

Gully A small channel with steep sides cut by running water through which

water ordinarily runs only after a rain or after melting of snow or ice.

It generally is an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is too deep to be

obliterated by ordinary tillage.

GUL

Iron bog An accumulation of iron in the form of nodules, concretions, or soft

masses on the surface or near the surface of soils. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BFE

Landfill An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either

above or below natural ground level. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

LDF

Levee An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built

along the banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands.

LVS

Marsh or swamp A water-saturated, very poorly drained area that is intermittently or

permanently covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the

dominant vegetation in marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant

vegetation in swamps. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MAR

Mine or quarry An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and in which bedrock is exposed. Also denotes surface

openings to underground mines. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MPI

Mine subsided area An area that is lower than the soils in the surrounding map unit

because of subsurface coal mining. Typically 0.25 acre to 3.0 acres.

MSA

Miscellaneous water A small, constructed body of water that is used for industrial,

sanitary, or mining applications and that contains water most of the

year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MIS

Muck spot An area that occurs within an area of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soil and that has a histic epipedon or an organic surface

layer. The symbol is used only in map units consisting of mineral

soil. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MUC

Oil brine spot An area of soil that has been severely damaged by the accumulation

of oil brine, with or without liquid oily wastes. The area is typically

barren but may have a vegetative cover of salt-tolerant plants.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

OBS

Perennial water A small, natural or constructed lake, pond, or pit that contains water

most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

WAT
Name Description Label

Rock outcrop An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth. Not used where

the named soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over

bedrock or where “Rock outcrop” is a named component of the map

unit. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

ROC

Saline spot An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8

mmhos/cm-l more than the surface layer of the named soils in the

surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has

an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/cm-l or less. Typically 0.2

acre to 2.0 acres.

SAL

Sandy spot A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas

where the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map

unit is very fine sandy loam or finer. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SAN

Severely eroded spot An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original

surface layer has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used

in map units in which “severely eroded,” “very severely eroded,” or

“gullied” is part of the map unit name. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

ERO

Short steep slope A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes

steeper than the slope class of the surrounding map unit.

SLP

Sinkhole A closed depression formed either by solution of the surficial rock or

by collapse of underlying caves. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SNK

Slide or slip A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass

movement or descent of earthy material resulting from failure of

earth or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SLI

Sodic spot An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is

at least 10 more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in

the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils

has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or less. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

SOD

Spoil area A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from

human activity. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SPO

Stony spot A spot where 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the surface cover is rock

fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where

the surrounding soil has no surface stones. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

STN

Unclassified water A small, natural or manmade lake, pond, or pit that contains water,

of an unspecified nature, most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

UWT