II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 960 

To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases with 

3 separate national research institutes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 23, 2023 

Mr. PAUL (for himself, Mr. LEE, Mr. BRAUN, Mrs. BLACKBURN, and Mr. 

HAWLEY) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 

Diseases with 3 separate national research institutes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘NIH Reform Act’’. 

5 SEC. 2. DIVISION OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY 

6 AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 

7 (a) ORGANIZATION OF NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTI8 TUTES.—Section 401 of the Public Health Service Act (42 

9 U.S.C. 281) is amended— 

10 (1) in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘Allergy 

2 and Infectious Diseases’’ and inserting ‘‘Aller3 gic Diseases’’; 

4 (B) by redesignating paragraph (25) as 

5 paragraph (27); and 

6 (C) by inserting after paragraph (24) the 

7 following: 

8 ‘‘(25) The National Institute of Infectious Dis9 eases. 

10 ‘‘(26) The National Institute of Immunologic 

11 Diseases.’’; and 

12 (2) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ‘‘27’’ and 

13 inserting ‘‘29’’. 

14 (b) APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 405(a)(1) of the 

16 Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)(1)) is 

17 amended— 

18 (A) by inserting ‘‘, the Director of the Na19 tional Institute of Allergic Diseases, the Direc20 tor of the National Institute of Infectious Dis21 eases, and the Director of the National Insti22 tute of Immunologic Diseases’’ after ‘‘National 

23 Cancer Institute’’; and 


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1 (B) by inserting ‘‘by and with the advice 

2 and consent of the Senate,’’ after ‘‘the Presi3 dent,’’. 

4 (2) TERMS.—Section 405(a) of the Public 

5 Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)) is amended 

6 by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(4) CERTAIN APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESI8 DENT.—The appointments by the President of the 

9 Director of the National Institute of Allergic Dis10 eases, the Director of the National Institute of In11 fectious Diseases, and the Director of the National 

12 Institute of Immunologic Diseases shall be for terms 

13 of 5 years. Each such Director may be reappointed 

14 for not more than 1 additional term, in accordance 

15 paragraph (1).’’. 

16 (3) TRANSITION.—Effective on the date of en17 actment of this Act, the position of Director of the 

18 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 

19 is terminated, and the National Institute of Allergic 

20 Diseases, the National Institute of Infectious Dis21 eases, and the National Institute of Immunologic 

22 Diseases shall be overseen by the Director of the 

23 National Institutes of Health until such time as the 

24 directors of each such national institutes is ap25 pointed pursuant to section 405(a)(1) of the Public 


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1 Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)(1)), as 

2 amended by paragraph (1). 

3 (c) DUTIES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES.— 

4 (1) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGIC DIS5 EASES.—Subpart 6 of part C of title IV of the Pub6 lic Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285f et seq.) is 

7 amended— 

8 (A) in the subpart heading, by striking 

9 ‘‘Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ and 

10 inserting ‘‘Allergic Diseases’’; and 

11 (B) in section 446— 

12 (i) by striking ‘‘Allergy and Infectious 

13 Diseases’’ and inserting ‘‘Allergic Dis14 eases’’; and 

15 (ii) by striking ‘‘allergic and 

16 immunologic diseases and disorders and in17 fectious diseases, including tropical dis18 eases’’ and inserting ‘‘allergic diseases and 

19 disorders’’. 

20 (2) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DIS21 EASES.— 

22 (A) IN GENERAL.—Part C of title IV of 

23 the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285 

24 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 

25 following: 


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1 ‘‘Subpart 21—National Institute of Infectious 

2 Diseases 

3 ‘‘SEC. 464z–10. PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTE. 

4 ‘‘The general purpose of the National Institute of In5 fectious Diseases is the conduct and support of research, 

6 training, health information dissemination, and other pro7 grams with respect to infectious diseases, including trop8 ical diseases.’’. 

9 (B) TRANSFER OF AUTHORITIES.—Sec10 tions 447A and 447B of the Public Health 

11 Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285f–2; 285f–3) are— 

12 (i) redesignated as sections 464z–11 

13 and 464z–12, respectively; and 

14 (ii) transferred to appear after section 

15 464z–10 of such Act, as added by subpara16 graph (A). 

17 (C) ORDERLY TRANSITION.—The Director 

18 of the National Institutes of Health shall take 

19 such steps as are necessary to provide for the 

20 orderly transition to the authority of the Na21 tional Institute of Infectious Diseases estab22 lished under section 464z–10 of the Public 

23 Health Service Act, as added by subparagraph 

24 (A), from any authority related to infectious 

25 diseases of the National Institute of Allergy and 


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1 Infectious Diseases, as in effect on the day be2 fore the date of enactment of this Act. 

3 (3) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOLOGIC

4 DISEASES.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—Part C of title IV of 

6 the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285 

7 et seq.), as amended by paragraph (2), is fur8 ther amended by adding at the end the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘Subpart 22—National Institute of Immunologic 

11 Diseases 

12 ‘‘SEC. 464z–15. PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTE. 

13 ‘‘The general purpose of the National Institute of 

14 Immunologic Diseases is the conduct and support of re15 search, training, health information dissemination, and 

16 other programs with respect to immunologic diseases and 

17 disorders.’’. 

18 (B) TRANSFER OF AUTHORITIES.—Sec19 tions 447 and 447C of the Public Health Serv20 ice Act (42 U.S.C. 285f–1; 285f–4) are— 

21 (i) redesignated as sections 464z–16 

22 and 464z–17, respectively; and 

23 (ii) transferred to appear after section 

24 464z–15 of such Act, as added by subpara25 graph (A). 


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1 (C) ORDERLY TRANSITION.—The Director 

2 of the National Institutes of Health shall take 

3 such steps as are necessary to provide for the 

4 orderly transition to the authority of the Na5 tional Institute of Immunologic Diseases estab6 lished under section 464z–15 of the Public 

7 Health Service Act, as added by subparagraph 

8 (A), from any authority related to immunologic 

9 diseases and disorders of the National Institute 

10 of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as in effect 

11 on the day before the date of enactment of this 

12 Act. 

13 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

14 (1) Section 404B of the Public Health Service 

15 Act (42 U.S.C. 283d) is amended by striking ‘‘Na16 tional Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ 

17 and inserting ‘‘National Institute for Infectious Dis18 eases’’. 

19 (2) Section 404I of the Public Health Service 

20 Act (42 U.S.C. 283k) is amended— 

21 (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘or 

22 the Director of the National Institute for Al23 lergy and Infectious Diseases’’; and 


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1 (B by striking ‘‘or the National Institute 

2 for Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ each place 

3 it appears. 

4 (3) Section 442A(a) of the Public Health Serv5 ice Act (42 U.S.C. 285d–8(a)) is amended by strik6 ing ‘‘Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘Immunologic Diseases’’. 

8 (4) Any reference in any law (including a regu9 lation), guidance, map, document, record, or other 

10 paper of the United States to the National Institute 

11 of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, including with re12 spect to the Director of such Institute, shall be 

13 deemed to be a reference to, as applicable, the Na14 tional Institute of Allergic Diseases, the National In15 stitute of Infectious Diseases, or the National Insti16 tute of Immunologic Diseases, including with respect 

17 to the Directors of such Institutes. 

Æ 


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