FAA-S-8081-3A 

U.S. Department 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration

RECREATIONAL PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

for 

AIRPLANE 

ROTORCRAFT/HELICOPTER 

ROTORCRAFT/GYROPLANE 

August 2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 

RECREATIONAL PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

for 

AIRPLANE 

ROTORCRAFT/HELICOPTER 

ROTORCRAFT/GYROPLANE 

2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

WASHINGTON, DC 20591
FAA-S-8081-3A 

NOTE

Material in FAA-S-8081-3A will be effective August 1, 2006. All previous 

editions of the Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards for Airplane, 

Rotorcraft/Helicopter, and Rotorcraft/Gyroplane will be obsolete as of 

this date. 
FAA-S-8081-3A 

FOREWORD

The Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has been 

published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the 

standards for recreational pilot practical tests for airplane, 

rotorcraft/helicopter, and rotorcraft/gyroplane. FAA inspectors, 

designated pilot examiners, and check airmen (referred to as examiners 

throughout the remaining practical test standard) must conduct practical 

tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and 

applicants should find these standards helpful in practical test 

preparation. 

/s/ 06/07/2006 

_______________________________ 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division, AFS-600 

Flight Standards Service 
i FAA-S-8081-3A

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 

 General Information.....................................................................1 

 Practical Test Standard Concept .................................................2 

 Practical Test Book Description...................................................2 

 Practical Test Standards Description...........................................2 

 Abbreviations...............................................................................4 

 Use of the Practical Test Standards ............................................5 

 Special Emphasis Areas..............................................................6 

 Practical Test Prerequisites .........................................................7 

 Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test...............7 

 Flight Instructor Responsibility.....................................................8 

 Examiner Responsibility ..............................................................8 

 Satisfactory Performance ............................................................9 

 Unsatisfactory Performance ........................................................9 

 Letter of Discontinuance............................................................10 

 Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............10 

 Single-pilot Resource Management (SRM) ...............................11 

 Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................11 

 Use of Distractions During Practical Tests ................................11 

 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................12 

SECTION 1: RECREATIONAL PILOT--AIRPLANE-SINGLE-ENGINE 

LAND AND SINGLE-ENGINE SEA 

 CONTENTS ...............................................................................1-i 

 APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ......................1-v 

 EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ..................... 1-vii 

 ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE 

 SINGLE-ENGINE LAND .......................................................... 1-xi 

 ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE 

 SINGLE-ENGINE SEA............................................................1-xiii 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION........................................1-1 

 II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ........................................1-6 

 III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS ..............................................1-9 

 IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ..........1-10 

 V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER....................................1-24 

 VI GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ......................1-25 

 VII.NAVIGATION...............................................................1-27 

 VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS......................................1-28 

 IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .....................................1-30 

 X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES....................................1-32 
FAA-S-8081-3A ii

SECTION 2: RECREATIONAL PILOT ROTORCRAFT—

HELICOPTER 

 CONTENTS ...............................................................................2-i 

 APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ..................... 2-iii 

 EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST........................2-v 

 ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE ..................................... 2-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ........................................2-1 

 II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES.........................................2-5 

 III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS...................2-7 

 IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS ............................................2-8 

 V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ..........2-11 

 VI PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS .................................2-16 

 VII. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ......................2-18 

 VIII. NAVIGATION...............................................................2-20 

 IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .....................................2-21 

 X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES...................................2-25 

SECTION 3: RECREATIONAL PILOT ROTORCRAFT — 

GYROPLANE 

 CONTENTS ...............................................................................3-i 

 APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ..................... 3-iii 

 EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST........................3-v 

 ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: .................................... 3-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ........................................3-1 

 II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES.........................................3-5 

 III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS ..............................................3-7 

 IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ............3-8 

 V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER....................................3-13 

 VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ......................3-14 

 VII.NAVIGATION...............................................................3-16 

 VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS..................................3-17 

 IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .....................................3-18 

 X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES...................................3-21 
1 FAA-S-8081-3A 

Introduction 

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test standard (PTS) as the standard 

to be used by examiners1

 when conducting recreational pilot practical 

tests. Instructors are expected to address all of the elements contained 

in this PTS when preparing applicants for practical tests. Applicants 

should be familiar with this PTS and refer to these standards during 

their training. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many individuals, companies, and organizations throughout the aviation 

community who have contributed their time and talent in assisting with 

the revision of this practical test standard. 

This PTS may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, 

U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, 

or from GPO’s web site. 

http://bookstore.gpo.gov 

This PTS is also available for download, in pdf format, from the 

Regulatory Support Division’s (AFS-600) web site. 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

This PTS is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, 

Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, 

AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. 

Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to 

the following address. 

AFS630comments@faa.gov. 

1

 The word “examiner” denotes either the FAA inspector, FAA designated 

pilot examiner, or other authorized person who conducts the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-3A 2

Practical Test Standard Concept 

An applicant must demonstrate knowledge and skill in the areas 

specified in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 

61 to be issued a recreational pilot certificate or rating. The CFRs 

provide the flexibility to permit the FAA to publish practical test 

standards containing the AREAS OF OPERATION and specific TASKs 

in which pilot competency must be demonstrated. The FAA will revise 

this test book whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the 

interest of safety. Adherence to the provisions of the regulations 

and the practical test standards is mandatory for evaluation of 

recreational pilot applicants. 

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Recreational Pilot Practical Test 

Standards: 

 Section 1—Airplane Single-Engine Land/Sea 

 Section 2—Rotorcraft-Helicopter 

 Section 3—Rotorcraft-Gyroplane 

The Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards includes the AREAS 

OF OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial recreational 

pilot certificate and for the addition of category ratings and/or class 

ratings to that certificate. 

Practical Test Standards Description 

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight 

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner may 

conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result in a complete 

and efficient test; however, the ground portion of the practical test 

must be accomplished before the flight portion. 

TASKs are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) within 

parentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the category and/or 

class aircraft appropriate to that TASK. The meaning of each 

abbreviation is as follows: 

ASEL Airplane—Single-Engine Land 

ASES Airplane—Single-Engine Sea 

RH Rotorcraft—Helicopter 

RG Rotorcraft—Gyroplane 
3 FAA-S-8081-3A 

NOTE: When administering a test based on section 1 of this PTS the 

TASKs appropriate to the class airplane (ASEL and ASES) used for the 

test must be included in the plan of action. The absence of a class 

indicates the TASK is for all classes. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references: 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, 

 and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilot and Flight Instructors 

14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards and Certification 

14 CFR part 71 Airspace 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-21 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane and Float/Skid Equipped 

 Helicopter Operations Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making 

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards Required by 14 

 CFR parts 61, 63, and 65 

AC 61-65 Certification of Pilots and Flight Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight into Terrain 

 Awareness 

AC 90-23 Aircraft Wake Turbulence 

AC 90-48 Pilots Role in Collision Avoidance

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

 Practices of Aeronautical Operations at Airports 

 Without Operating Control Towers 

AC 90-95 Unanticipated Right Yaw in Helicopters 

AC 91-13 Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft 

AC 91-32 Safety In and Around Helicopters 

AC 91-55 Reduction of Electrical System Failures Following 

 Engine Starting 
FAA-S-8081-3A 4

AC 91-73 Part 91 and Part 135 Single-Pilot Procedures 

 During Taxi Operations 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

FDC NOTAMS Notices to Airmen 

Other Pertinent Pilot’s Operating Handbooks, FAA- 

 Approved Flight Manuals and Navigational Charts 

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective 

includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. the conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and 

3. acceptable performance standards. 

Abbreviations 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

AGL Above Ground Level 

AIRMET Airman’s Meteorological Information 

ASOS Automated Surface Observing System

ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

ATS Air Traffic Service 

AWOS Automated Weather Observing System

CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain 

CG Center of Gravity 

CRM Crew Resource Management 

FA Area Weather Forecast

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FSDO Flight Standards District Office 

GPO Government Printing Office 

IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 

MEL Minimum Equipment List 

METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report 

NOTAM Notice to Airmen 

NWS National Weather Service 

PTS Practical Test Standard 

PPCL Powered Parachute Land 

PPCS Powered Parachute Sea 

RPM Revolutions Per Minute 

SIGMET Significant Meteorological Information 

TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast 

TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

VFR Visual Flight Rules 

WSCL Weight Shift Control Land 

WSCS Weight Shift Control Sea 
5 FAA-S-8081-3A 

Use of the Practical Test Standards 

The Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards are designed to 

evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill. 

The FAA requires that practical tests be conducted in accordance with 

the appropriate practical test standards and the policies set forth in the 

INTRODUCTION. Recreational pilot applicants must be evaluated in 

ALL TASKs included in the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs of the 

appropriate practical test standard, unless noted otherwise. 

An applicant who holds at least a recreational pilot certificate seeking 

an additional category or class rating at the recreational pilot level must 

be evaluated in the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs listed in the 

Additional Rating Task Table. At the discretion of the examiner, an 

evaluation of the applicant’s competence in the remaining AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKs may be conducted. 

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at 

the recreational pilot level, and the Additional Rating Task Table 

indicates differing required TASKs, the “least restrictive” entry applies. 

For example, if “ALL” or “NONE” is indicated for one AREA OF 

OPERATION, the “NONE” entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, 

the “B” entry applies. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner must develop a 

written “plan of action.” The “plan of action” is a tool, for the sole use of 

the examiner, to be used in evaluating the applicant. The “plan of 

action” need not be grammatically correct or in any formal format. The 

“plan of action” must contain all of the required AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKs and any optional TASKs selected by the 

examiner. 

The “plan of action” must incorporate one or more scenarios that will be 

used during the practical test. The examiner should try to include as 

many of the TASKs into the scenario portion of the test as possible, but 

maintain the flexibility to change due to unexpected situations as they 

arise and still result in an efficient and valid test. Any TASK selected 

for evaluation during a practical test must be evaluated in its 

entirety. 
FAA-S-8081-3A 6

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this test book. The 

examiner may change the sequence or combine TASKs with similar 

Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For 

example, radio communications may be combined with traffic patterns. 

The examiner’s plan of action must include the order and combination 

of TASKs to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner that will 

result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance of 

simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for 

simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions, 

both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as 

the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the 

procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety the applicant will 

simulate that portion of the maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners must place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft 

operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is 

flying the aircraft); 

3. stall/spin awareness (airplane); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence avoidance and low-level wind shear 

avoidance; 

6. land and hold short operations (LAHSO); 

7. runway incursion avoidance; 

8. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

9. wire strike avoidance (rotorcraft); 

10. aeronautical decision making (ADM) and risk management; 

11. checklist usage; and 

12. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and must be evaluated during 

the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate to 

the complete situation. 
7 FAA-S-8081-3A 

Practical Test Prerequisites 

An applicant for a recreational pilot practical test is required by 14 CFR 

part 61 to: 

1. be at least 17 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is doubt use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards; 

3. have passed the appropriate recreational pilot knowledge test 

since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in 

which the practical test is completed; 

4. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed; 

5. possess at least a current third-class medical certificate; 

6. have an endorsement from an authorized flight instructor 

certifying that the applicant has received and logged training 

time within 60 days preceding the date of application; and 

7. have an endorsement that the applicant demonstrated 

satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in which the 

applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test 

The recreational pilot applicant is required by 14 CFR part 61, section 

61.45, to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the 

practical test. This section further requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category and 

class, for the certificate or rating which the applicant is 

applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR section 61.45(c) and (e); and 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION 

appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating 

limitations, which prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF 

OPERATION required for the practical test. 
FAA-S-8081-3A 8

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

recreational pilot applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject 

matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within 

each AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate recreational pilot 

practical test standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of 

knowledge, skill, and have the ability to impart that knowledge and skill 

to students. Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the 

applicant is able to perform safely as a recreational pilot and is 

competent to pass the required practical test. 

Throughout the applicant’s training, the flight instructor is responsible 

for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and 

collision avoidance procedures. These areas are covered, in part, in 

AC 90-48, Pilot’s Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane 

Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical 

Knowledge; and the Aeronautical Information Manual. 

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for 

determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of 

knowledge and skill of each TASK within the appropriate practical test 

standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” 

portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process 

throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant’s 

knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be used 

judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the 

practical test. 

Examiners must test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant’s 

correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts 

throughout the practical test. 

If the examiner determines that a TASK is incomplete, or if the outcome 

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, 

or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest 

of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the 

repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification 

process. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner must 

evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance 

procedures, when appropriate. 
9 FAA-S-8081-3A 

Satisfactory Performance 

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION 

for the certificate or rating sought within the approved 

standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within 

the approved standards; and 

4. demonstrate sound judgment and ADM. 

Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY 

with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the 

applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and 

their associated TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the 

retest, and at the discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be 

reevaluated, including those previously passed. 

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for 

disqualification are: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe 

flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning 

techniques to clear the area before and while performing 

maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 
FAA-S-8081-3A 10

When a Notice of Disapproval is issued, the examiner must record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard 

appropriate to the practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF 

OPERATION/TASK(s) not tested and the number of practical test 

failures must also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test 

because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval must 

indicate the associated TASK. i.e.: AREA OF OPERATION V, TASK C, 

Maneuvering During Slow Flight, failure to use proper collision 

avoidance procedures. 

Letter of Discontinuance 

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness) 

FAA form 8700-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if 

applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report, must be returned to the 

applicant. The examiner, at that time must prepare, sign, and issue a 

Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance 

should identify the AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated 

TASKs of the practical test that were successfully completed. The 

applicant must be advised that the Letter of Discontinuance shall be 

presented to the examiner when the practical test is resumed, and 

made part of the certification file. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

The examiner must evaluate the applicant’s ability throughout the 

practical test to use good aeronautical decision-making procedures in 

order to evaluate risks. The examiner must accomplish this 

requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate as many TASKs 

as possible to evaluate the applicants risk management in making safe 

aeronautical decisions. For example, the examiner may develop a 

scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance 

planning. 

The applicant’s ability to utilize all the assets available in making a risk 

analysis to determine the safest course of action is essential for 

satisfactory performance. The scenarios should be realistic and within 

the capabilities of the aircraft used for the practical test. 
11 FAA-S-8081-3A 

Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) 

Single-pilot resource management refers to the effective use of ALL

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to crew resource management (CRM) procedures that are being 

emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources include all other 

groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in decisions 

that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups include, but 

are not limited to dispatchers, weather briefers, maintenance personnel, 

and air traffic controllers. Single-pilot resource management is not a 

single TASK; it is a set of skill competencies that must be evident in all 

TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to single-pilot operation. 

Applicant’s Use of Checklists 

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of 

an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific 

TASK being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist, while accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be 

either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In 

this case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning should be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests 

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner must 

cause realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test 

to evaluate the applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining 

safe flight. 
FAA-S-8081-3A 12

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between 

pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should 

be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight 

controls. A positive three-step process in the exchange of flight 

controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly 

recommended. 

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or 

she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The 

first pilot again says “You have the flight controls.” When control is 

returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is 

recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. Who is flying 

the aircraft should never be in doubt. 
SECTION 1 

RECREATIONAL PILOT—AIRPLANE 

Single-Engine Land 

and 

Single-Engine Sea 
Section 1 1-i FAA-S-8081-3A 

CONTENTS

Airplane Single-Engine Land 

and 

Airplane Single-Engine Sea

CHECKLISTS:

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................1-v 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist......................................... 1vii 

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLES: 

 Airplane Single-Engine Land ..................................................1-xi 

 Airplane Single-Engine Sea.................................................. 1-xiii 

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION.................................................. 1-1 

A. Certificates and Documents (ASEL and ASES)............... 1-1 

B. Airworthiness Requirements (ASEL and ASES).............. 1-2 

C. Weather Information (ASEL and ASES) .......................... 1-2 

D. National Airspace System (ASEL and ASES).................. 1-3 

E. Performance and Limitations (ASEL and ASES)............. 1-3 

F. Operation of Systems (ASEL and ASES) ........................ 1-3 

G. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (ASES) .................. 1-4 

H. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine 

 Navigation (ASES)......................................................... 1-4 

I. Aeromedical Factors (ASEL and ASES........................... 1-5 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES .................................................. 1-6 

A. Preflight Inspection (ASEL and ASES) ............................ 1-6 

B. Cockpit Management (ASEL and ASES)......................... 1-6 

C. Engine Starting (ASEL and ASES) .................................. 1-6 

D. Taxiing (ASEL)................................................................. 1-7 

E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES).............................................. 1-7 

F. Before Takeoff Check (ASEL and ASES)........................ 1-8 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-ii 1

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS................ 1-9 

A. Radio Communications (ASEL and ASES)...................... 1-9 

B. Traffic Patterns (ASEL and ASES) .................................. 1-9 

C. Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, 

 Markings, and Lighting (ASEL and ASES)..................... 1-9 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ................... 1-10 

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-10 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-11 

C. Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL)............................. 1-12 

D. Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)...................... 1-13 

E. Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance 

 Climb (ASEL) ............................................................... 1-14 

F. Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL).................... 1-15

G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance 

 Climb (ASES)............................................................... 1-16 

H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES).............. 1-17 

I. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES) ...................... 1-18 

J. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES) ............... 1-19 

K. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES)....................... 1-20 

L. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES)................ 1-21 

M. Forward Slip to a Landing (ASEL and ASES ................. 1-22 

N. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (ASEL and ASES) .......... 1-23 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER.............................................. 1-24 

A. Steep Turns (ASEL and ASES) ..................................... 1-24 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ................................ 1-25 

 A. Rectangular Course (ASEL and ASES)......................... 1-25 

B. S-Turns (ASEL and ASES) ............................................ 1-25 

C. Turns Around a Point (ASEL and ASES)....................... 1-26 

VII. NAVIGATION......................................................................... 1-27 

A. Pilotage (ASEL and ASES)............................................ 1-27 

B. Diversion (ASEL and ASES) 

C. Lost Procedures (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-27 
Section 1 1-iii FAA-S-8081-3A 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS............................................... 1-28 

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (ASEL and ASES)...... 1-28 

B. Power-Off Stalls (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-28 

C. Power-On Stalls (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-29 

D. Spin Awareness (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-29 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ............................................... 1-30 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-30 

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-31 

C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-31 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES.............................................. 1-32 

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing 

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-32 

 B. Anchoring (ASES).......................................................... 1-32 

 C. Docking and Mooring (ASES)........................................ 1-32 

D. Ramping/Beaching (ASES)............................................ 1-33
Section 1 1-v FAA-S-8081-3A

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT 

T Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

T Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance 

T Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual 

 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 

T Current Aeronautical Charts 

T Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS 

T Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

T Pilot Certificate 

T Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate 

T Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

 Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

T Computer Test Report 

T Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

T FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

T Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

T Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
Section 1 1-vii FAA-S-8081-3A 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

Airplane Single-Engine Land 

And 

Single-Engine Sea 

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

T A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. WEATHER INFORMATION (ASEL & ASES) 

T D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (ASEL & ASES) 

T E. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (ASEL & ASES) 

T F. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (ASEL & ASES) 

T G. WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (ASES) 

T H. SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

 MARINE NAVIGATION (ASES) 

T I. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (ASEL & ASES) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

T A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. ENGINE STARTING (ASEL & ASES) 

T D. TAXIING (ASEL) 

T E. TAXIING AND SAILING (ASES) 

T F. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (ASEL & ASES) 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

T A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. AIRPORT/SEAPLANE BASE, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY 

 SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (ASEL & ASES) 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-viii

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

T A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

 (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING 

 (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASEL) 

T D. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL) 

T E. SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE 

 CLIMB (ASEL)

T F. SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL) 

T G. CONFINED AREA TAKEOFF AND MAXIMUM 

 PERFORMANCE CLIMB (ASES)

T H. CONFINED AREA APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES)

T I. GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES) 

T J. GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES) 

T K. ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES) 

T L. ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES) 

T M. FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING (ASEL & ASES) 

T N. GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (ASEL & ASES) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

T A. STEEP TURNS (ASEL & ASES) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

T A. RECTANGULAR COURSE (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. S-TURNS (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. TURNS AROUND A POINT (ASEL & ASES) 

VII. NAVIGATION

T A. PILOTAGE (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. DIVERSION (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. LOST PROCEDURES (ASEL & ASES) 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS 

T A. MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. POWER-OFF STALLS (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. POWER-ON STALLS (ASEL & ASES) 

T D. SPIN AWARENESS (ASEL & ASES) 
Section 1 1-ix FAA-S-8081-3A 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

T A. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

 (ASEL & ASES) 

T C. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

 (ASEL & ASES) 

X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

T A. AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING 

 (ASEL & ASES) 

T B. ANCHORING (ASES) 

T C. DOCKING AND MOORING (ASES) 

T D. RAMPING/BEACHING (ASES) 
Section 1 1-xi 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE 

Addition of a Airplane Single-Engine Land (ASEL) Rating to 

Recreational Pilot or Higher Certificate 

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s) or an 

the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each AREA OF 

PILOT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASES AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship 

I 

E, F E, F E, F E, F E, F E, F E, F E, F 

II 

D NONE D A, C, 

D, F 

A, C, 

D, F 

A, B, 

C, D, 

F 

A, B, 

C, D, F 

A, B, 

C, D, F 

III 

C NONE C B, C B, C B, C B, C B, C 

IV 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, M, N 

V 

NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 
Section 1 1-xii 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASES AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship 

VI 

NONE NONE NONE ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL 

VII 

NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE 

VIII 

NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

IX 

A, B A, B A, B ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

X 

A NONE A A A A A A 

NOTE 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan of actio

examiner may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she deems n

pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. 
Section 1FAA-S-8081-3A 1-xiii

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE 

Addition of a Airplane Single-Engine Sea (ASES) Rating to 

Recreational Pilot or Higher Certificate 

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s) or an 

the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each AREA OF 

PILOT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship 

I 

E, F, 

G, H 

E, F, 

G, H 

E, F E, F, 

G, H 

E, F, 

G, H 

E, F, 

G, H 

E, F, 

G, H 

E, F, 

G, H 

II 

A, C, 

E, F 

A, C, 

E, F 

E A, B, 

C, E, 

F 

A, B, 

E, F 

A, B, 

C, E, 

F 

A, B, 

C, E, F 

A, B, 

C, E, F 

III 

C C NONE B, C B, C B, C B, C B, C 

IV 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, K, 

L, M, 

N 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, K, 

L, M, 

N 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, K, 

L, M, 

N 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, 

K, L, 

M, N 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, 

K, L, 

M, N 

A, B, 

G, H, 

I, J, 

K, L, 

M, N 

A, B, 

G, H, I, 

J, K, L, 

M, N 

A, B, 

G, H, I, 

J, K, L, 

M, N 

V 

NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 
Section1 1-xiv 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship 

VI 

NONE NONE NONE ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL 

VII 

NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE 

VIII 

NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

IX 

ALL ALL A, B ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

X 

B, C, 

D 

B, C, 

D 

NONE B, C, 

D 

B, C, 

D 

B, C, 

D 

B, C, D B, C, D 

NOTE 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan of actio

examiner may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she deems npilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. 
Section 1 1-1 FAA-S-8081-3A 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

 1. Explaining— 

 a. recreational pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and 

 recent flight experience requirements. 

 b. medical certificate class and duration. 

 c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

 b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

 POH/AFM. 

 c. weight and balance data and equipment list. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, 

FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

 1. Explaining— 

 a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR. 

 b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness 

 of the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment 

 with and without an MEL. 

 c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight 

 permit. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness directives. 

 b. compliance records. 

 c. maintenance/inspection requirements. 

 d. appropriate record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-2 1

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (ASEL AND ASES) 

NOTE: The examiner will use a variety of weather conditions to 

evaluate this TASK.

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 00-6; AC 00-

45, AC 61-84; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather 

 information by analyzing weather reports, surface analysis 

 charts, and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting 

 sources. 

 a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

 b. surface analysis charts. 

 c. radar summary chart. 

 d. significant weather prognostic charts. 

 e. AWOS and ASOS reports. 

 2. Makes a competent "go/no-go" decision for the flight evaluation 

 based on actual weather conditions. 

 3. Describes the importance of avoiding adverse weather and an 

 inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) 

 encounter. 

 4. Explains courses of action to safety exit from an inadvertent IMC 

 encounter. 

 D. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 71, 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation 

Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the national airspace system by explaining: 

 1. Recreational pilot privileges and limitations applicable to the 

 following classes of airspace: 

 a. Class B. 

 b. Class C. 

 c. Class D. 

 d. Class E. 

 e. Class G. 

 2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

 3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 
Section 1 1-3 FAA-S-8081-3A 

E. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (ASEL AND ASES)

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, 

FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; POH/AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance 

 and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and 

 data to determine performance and the adverse effects of 

 exceeding limitations. 

 2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed 

 weight and center of gravity is within the airplane’s operating 

 limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain 

 within limits during all phases of flight. 

 3. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance charts, 

 tables, and data. 

 4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the 

 airplane’s performance. 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided 

for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following 

systems: 

 1. Primary flight controls and trim. 

 2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers. 

 3. Water rudders (ASES). 

 4. Powerplant and propeller. 

 5. Landing gear and brakes. 

 6. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic. 

 7. Electrical. 

 8. Avionics. 

 9. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments. 

 10. Environmental. 

 11. Deicing and anti-icing. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-4 1

G. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining: 

 1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, 

 such as: 

 a. size and location. 

 b. protected and unprotected areas. 

 c. surface wind. 

 d. direction and strength of water current. 

 e. floating and partially submerged debris. 

 f. sandbars, islands, and shoals. 

 g. vessel traffic and wakes. 

 h. other features peculiar to the area. 

 2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane 

 performance. 

 3. Causes of porpoising and pilot action required to prevent or 

 correct these occurrences. 

H. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

MARINE NAVIGATION (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine 

navigation by explaining: 

 1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in 

 directories. 

 2. Operating restrictions at various bases. 

 3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane 

 operation. 

 4. Marine navigation aids such as buoys, beacons, lights, and 

 sound signals. 
Section 1 1-5 FAA-S-8081-3A 

I. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

 1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

 least three (3) of the following: 

 a. hypoxia. 

 b. hyperventilation. 

 c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

 d. spatial disorientation. 

 e. motion sickness. 

 f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

 g. stress and fatigue. 

 h. dehydration. 

 2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medication. 

 3. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a 

 pilot or passenger in flight. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-6 1

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight 

 inspection including which items must be inspected, the 

 reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

 defects. 

 2. Inspects the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist. 

 3. Verifies the airplane is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

 management procedures. 

 2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured. 

 3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so 

 they are readily available. 

 4. Briefs the occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

 harnesses, doors, and emergency procedures. 

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

AC 91-13, AC 91-55; POH/AFM. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

 engine starting procedures including the use of an external 

 power source, hand propping safety, and starting under 

 various atmospheric conditions. 

 2. Positions the airplane properly considering structures, 

 surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby 

 persons and property. 

 3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure. 
Section 1 1-7 FAA-S-8081-3A 

D. TASK: TAXIING (ASEL) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 91-73; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi 

 procedures. 

 2. Performs a brake check immediately after the airplane begins 

 moving. 

 3. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind 

 conditions. 

 4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 

 5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings and signs. 

 6. Taxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards. 

E. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; AC 91-73; USCG 

Navigation Rules; International-Inland; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and 

 sailing procedures. 

 2. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind 

 conditions. 

 3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or 

 sailing considering wind, water current, water conditions, and 

 maritime regulations. 

 4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 

 5. Uses flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudder, and power 

 correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing. 

 6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

 7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards. 

 8. Complies with seaplane base signs. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-8 1

F. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

 takeoff check including the reasons for checking each item 

 and how to detect malfunctions. 

 2. Positions the airplane properly considering other aircraft/vessels, 

 wind, and surface conditions. 

 3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

 4. Ensures that engine temperature and pressure are suitable 

 for runup and takeoff. 

 5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the 

 airplane is in safe operating condition. 

 6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, 

 departure, and emergency procedures. 

 7. Avoids runway incursions and/or insures no conflict with traffic 

 prior to taxiing into takeoff position. 
Section 1 1-9 FAA-S-8081-3A 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE 

 OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped this TASK will be 

evaluated orally. 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

 communications at non-towered airports. 

 2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

 3. Transmits using phraseology recommended in the AIM. 

 4. Acknowledges radio communications. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

AC 90-66; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns 

 including procedures at non-towered airports, prevention of 

 runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence 

 avoidance, and wind shear. 

 2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures. 

 3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft. 

 4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

 5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

 6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet and the appropriate 

 airspeed, ±10 knots. 

C. TASK: AIRPORT/SEAPLANE BASE, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY 

SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (ASEL AND ASES)

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane 

 base, runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway 

 incursion avoidance. 

 2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base, runway, 

 and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-10 1

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO- 

 AROUNDS 

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

(ASEL AND ASES) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and 

 crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff 

 procedures. 

 2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 

 3. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns 

 the airplane on the runway center/takeoff path. 

 4. Retracts the water rudders, as appropriate, (ASES) and 

 advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

 5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off 

 attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping (ASES). 

 6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY. 

 7. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots 

 to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

 8. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb 

 is established. 

 9. Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe 

 maneuvering altitude. 

 10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 throughout the takeoff and climb. 

 11. Complies with noise abatement procedures. 

 12. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-11 FAA-S-8081-3A 

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND 

LANDING (ASEL AND ASES) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and 

 crosswind approach and landing. 

 2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area (ASES). 

 3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, 

 and selects a suitable touchdown point. 

 4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and 

 power as required. 

 5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, 

 or in its absence, not more that 1.3 VSO +10/-5 knots, with 

 wind gust factor applied. 

 6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during 

 the roundout and touchdown. 

 7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude (ASES). 

 8. Touches down smoothly at approximately stalling speed (ASEL). 

 9. Touches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, 

 with no drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned 

 with and over the runway center/landing path. 

 10. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout 

 the approach and landing sequence. 

 11. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-12 1

C. TASK: SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASEL) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field 

 takeoff and climb. 

 2. Positions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and to 

 maximize lift as quickly as possible. 

 3. Clears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed 

 consistent with safety without stopping while advancing the 

 throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

 4. Establishes and maintains a pitch attitude that will transfer 

 the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as 

 rapidly as possible. 

 5. Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground 

 effect while accelerating to VX or VY as appropriate. 

 6. Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY as appropriate, and 

 maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb. 

 7. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate, after clear of any obstacles 

 or as recommended by the manufacturer. 

 8. Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots, to a safe 

 maneuvering altitude. 

 9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 throughout the takeoff and climb. 

 10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-13 FAA-S-8081-3A 

D. TASK: SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field 

 approach and landing. 

 2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions, 

 and selects the most suitable touchdown area. 

 3. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration, and airspeed. 

 4. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, 

 or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with 

 wind gust factor applied. 

 5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during 

 the roundout and touchdown. 

 6. Touches down softly with no drift, and with the airplane’s 

 longitudinal axis aligned with the runway/landing path. 

 7. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

 throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

 8. Maintains proper position of the flight controls and sufficient 

 speed to taxi on the soft surface. 

 9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-14 1

E. TASK: SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF AND MAXIMUM 

PERFORMANCE CLIMB (ASEL) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field 

 takeoff and maximum performance climb. 

 2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions; 

 sets the flaps as recommended. 

 3. Clears the area; taxies into takeoff position utilizing maximum 

 available takeoff area and aligns the airplane on the runway 

 center/takeoff path. 

 4. Applies brakes while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff 

 power. 

 5. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the 

 recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX. 

 6. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended 

 obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX, +10/-5 knots, until the 

 obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the 

 surface. 

 7. After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for 

 VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during 

 the climb. 

 8. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate. 

 9. Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe 

 maneuvering altitude. 

 10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 throughout the takeoff and climb. 

 11. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-15 FAA-S-8081-3A 

F. TASK: SHORT FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field 

 approach and landing. 

 2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, 

 and selects the most suitable touchdown point. 

 3. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power 

 as required. 

 4. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach 

 airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 

 knots, with wind gust factor applied. 

 5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control applications during 

 the roundout and touchdown. 

 6. Touches down smoothly at minimum controllable airspeed. 

 7. Touches down at or within 200 feet beyond a specified point, 

 with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane’s 

 longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing 

 path. 

 8. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

 throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

 9. Applies brakes and or elevator control, as necessary, to stop 

 in the shortest distance consistent with safety. 

 10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-16 1

G. TASK: CONFINED AREA TAKEOFF AND MAXIMUM 

PERFORMANCE CLIMB (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a confined 

 area takeoff and maximum performance climb. 

 2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions; 

 sets the flaps as recommended. 

 3. Selects an appropriate takeoff path for the existing conditions. 

 4. Clears the area; taxis into takeoff position utilizing maximum 

 available takeoff area and aligns the airplane on the takeoff 

 path. 

 5. Smoothly advances the throttle to takeoff power. 

 6. Clears the area, taxis into takeoff position utilizing the 

 maximum available takeoff area, and aligns the airplane on 

 the takeoff path. 

 7. Smoothly advances the throttle to takeoff power. 

 8. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off 

 attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

 9. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the 

 recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX. 

 10. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended 

 obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX, +10/-5 knots, until the 

 obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the 

 surface. 

 11. After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for 

 VY, accelerates to VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb. 

 12. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate, after clear of any obstacles. 

 13. Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe 

 maneuvering altitude. 

 14. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 throughout the takeoff and climb. 

 15. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-17 FAA-S-8081-3A 

H. TASK: CONFINED AREA APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a confined area 

 approach and landing. 

 2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

 3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, 

 surrounding terrain, other watercraft, and selects the most 

 suitable touchdown point. 

 4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power 

 as required. 

 5. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach 

 airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5, with 

 wind gust factor applied. 

 6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control applications during 

 the roundout and touchdown. 

 7. Selects the proper landing path, contacts the water at the 

 minimum safe airspeed with the proper pitch attitude for the 

 surface conditions. 

 8. Touches down at or within 200 feet beyond a specified point, 

 with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane’s 

 longitudinal axis aligned with and over the landing path. 

 9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

 throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

 10. Applies the elevator control as necessary, to stop in the 

 shortest distance consistent with safety. 

 11. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-18 1

I. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES) 

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant will be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

 takeoff and climb. 

 2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions. 

 3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

 surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions. 

 4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle 

 smoothly to takeoff power. 

 5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

 directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and 

 increases in water drag. 

 6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water 

 considering surface conditions. 

 7. Establishes proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerates to VY, 

 +10/-5 knots during the climb. 

 8. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate. 

 9. Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe 

 maneuvering altitude. 

 10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 through takeoff and climb. 

 11. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-19 FAA-S-8081-3A 

J. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES) 

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant will be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

 approach and landing. 

 2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

 3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, 

 surrounding terrain, and other watercraft. 

 4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown 

 area. 

 5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration and airspeed, adjusts pitch attitude and power 

 as required. 

 6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended 

 approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots and maintains a touchdown 

 pitch attitude and descent rate from the last altitude reference 

 until touchdown. 

 7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control 

 adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of 

 descent to touchdown. 

 8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and slows to 

 idle taxi speed. 

 9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

 throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

 10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-20 1

K. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES) 

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant will be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

 takeoff and climb. 

 2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions. 

 3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

 wind, swells, surface hazards, and/or vessels. 

 4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the 

 throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

 5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

 directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or 

 excessive bouncing. 

 6. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to VY, +10/-5 

 knots before leaving ground effect. 

 7. Retracts the flaps, if appropriate. 

 8. Maintains takeoff power and VY, +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering 

 altitude. 

 9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift corrections 

 throughout takeoff and climb. 

 10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-21 FAA-S-8081-3A 

L. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES) 

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant will be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

 approach and landing. 

 2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

 3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, 

 surrounding terrain, and other watercraft. 

 4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown 

 area. 

 5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

 configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and 

 power as required. 

 6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended 

 approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 

 VSO+10/-5 knots with wind gust factor applied. 

 7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control 

 application during the roundout and touch down. 

 8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the 

 proper airspeed, considering the type of rough water. 

 9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

 throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

 10. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-22 1

M. TASK: FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to forward slip to a 

landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface and 

obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point. 

3. Establishes the slipping attitude at the point from which a 

landing can be made using the recommended approach and 

landing configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and 

power as required. 

4. Maintains a ground track aligned with the runway center/landing 

path and an airspeed, which results in minimum float during the 

roundout. 

5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the 

recovery from the slip, the roundout, and the touchdown. 

6. Touches down smoothly at the approximate stalling speed, at or 

within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and 

with the airplane’ s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the 

runway center/landing path. 

7. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control 

throughout the approach and landing sequence. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-23 FAA-S-8081-3A 

N. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (ASEL AND 

ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a goaround/rejected landing. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch 

attitude for VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots. 

4. Retracts the flaps as appropriate. 

5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and 

avoid conflicting traffic. 

6. Maintains takeoff power and VY, +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering 

altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the climb. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-24 1

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns. 

2. Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed or if one 

is not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA. 

3. Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank. 

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the 

examiner. 

5. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation. 

6. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, 

bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°. 
Section 1 1-25 FAA-S-8081-3A 

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects a suitable reference area. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 

1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected 

reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between airplane control and the ground track 

while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-Turns. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet AGL, 

perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected 

reference line. 

6. Divides attention between airplane control and the ground track 

while maintaining coordinated flight. 

7. Maintains altitude ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-26 1

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference point. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1000 feet AGL, at 

an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn around the selected reference point. 

5. Divides attention between airplane control and the ground track 

while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
Section 1 1-27 FAA-S-8081-3A 

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by visual reference to 

landmarks, with the aid of a magnetic compass. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the airplane’s position within three (3) nautical miles of 

the flight-planned route. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings, 

±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route. 

3. Makes a reasonable estimate of heading, and fuel consumption 

to the alternate airport. 

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and heading, 

±15°. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or 

fuel exhaustion is impending. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-28 1

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS 

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (ASEL AND 

ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering 

during slow flight. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed 

no lower than 1,500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes and maintains an airspeed at which any further 

increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction 

in power, would result in an immediate stall. 

4. Accomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, 

climbs, and descents with flap configurations specified by the 

examiner. 

5. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation. 

6. Maintains the specified altitude, ± 100 feet; airspeed, +10/-0 

knots; and specified angle of bank or heading, ±10°. 

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; AC 61-67; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no 

lower than 1,500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing 

configuration, as specified by the examiner. 

4. Transitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a 

pitch attitude that will induce a stall. 

5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains 

a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°; in turning 

flight, while inducing the stall. 

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by 

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to 

maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a 

straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude 

appropriate for the airplane. 

7. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting, if appropriate. 

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; 

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the 

examiner. 
Section 1 1-29 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS (ASEL AND ASES) 

NOTE: In some airplanes, the power setting may have to be reduced 

below the practical test standards power setting to prevent excessively 

high pitch attitudes (greater than 30 degrees nose up). 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; AC 61-67; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no 

lower than 1,500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes the takeoff or departure configuration. Sets power 

to no less than 65 percent available power. 

4. Transitions smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to 

the pitch attitude that will induce a stall. 

5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains 

a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°, in turning 

flight, while inducing the stall. 

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by 

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power 

as appropriate, and leveling the wings to return to a straightand-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude 

appropriate for the airplane. 

7. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting, if appropriate. 

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; 

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the 

examiner. 

D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS (ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; AC 61-67; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to spin awareness by explaining: 

1. Aerodynamic factors related to spins. 

2. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur. 

3. Procedures for recovery from spins. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-30 1

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING 

(SIMULATED)(ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-80803-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

approach and landing procedures. 

2. Analyzes the situation and selects an appropriate course of 

action. 

3. Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide 

airspeed, ±10 knots. 

4. Selects a suitable landing area. 

5. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area 

considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. 

6. Prepares for landing, or go-around (if not at an airport the goaround will be initiated no lower than 500 feet AGL), as 

specified by the examiner. 

7. Follows the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 1-31 FAA-S-8081-3A 

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (ASEL 

AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and 

equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for 

the practical test. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for 

simulated emergencies appropriate to the airplane provided for 

the practical test for at least three (3) of the following— 

a. partial or complete power loss. 

b. engine roughness or overheat. 

c. carburetor or induction icing. 

d. loss of oil pressure. 

e. fuel starvation. 

f. electrical malfunction. 

g. vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments 

malfunction. 

h. pitot/static. 

i. landing gear or flap malfunction. 

j. inoperative trim. 

k. inadvertent door or window opening. 

l. structural icing. 

m. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire. 

n. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane. 

3. Follows the appropriate checklist or procedure. 

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

(ASEL AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment and survival gear appropriate to the airplane and 

environment encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate 

equipment that should be aboard the airplane. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 1-32 1

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: The examiner must select TASK A and for ASES applicants 

at least one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (ASEL 

AND ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, 

parking and securing procedures. 

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating 

to an appropriate speed. 

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings 

and lighting. 

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

7. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the 

aircraft. 

B. TASK: ANCHORING (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; AIM; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring. 

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane 

movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. 

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient 

strength and length to ensure the seaplane’ s security. 

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and 

mooring. 

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction 

considering speed, hazards, wind, and water current. 

3. Ensures seaplane security. 
Section 1 1-33 FAA-S-8081-3A 

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (ASES) 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

ramping/beaching. 

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property, 

in the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering 

water depth, tide, current, and wind. 

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the seaplane in a manner that will 

protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in 

water level. 
SECTION 2 

RECREATIONAL PILOT—

ROTORCRAFT/HELICOPTER 
Section 2 2-i FAA-S-8081-3A 

CONTENTS: SECTION 2

CHECKLISTS: 

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) .......................... 2-iii 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) ...........................2-v 

ADDITIONAL RATING TASKS TABLE .............................................2-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION..................................................2-1 

 A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS .................................2-1 

 B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS................................2-1 

 C. WEATHER INFORMATION................................................2-2 

 D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM .......................................2-2 

 E. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS................................2-3 

 F. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS...............................................2-3 

 G. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS................................................2-4 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES...................................................2-5 

 A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION.................................................2-5 

 B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT .................................................2-5 

 C. ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT..........2-5 

 D. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK..............................................2-6 

 III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS.............................2-7

 A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS..............................................2-7 

 B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS.........................................................2-7 

 C. AIRPORT/HELIPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING ..........2-7 

IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS ......................................................2-8 

A. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING ...............................2-8 

 B. SLOPE OPERATIONS .......................................................2-8 

 C. SURFACE TAXI..................................................................2-9 

 D. HOVER TAXI ......................................................................2-9 

 E. AIR TAXI........................................................................... 2-10 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-ii 2

V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS.................. 2-11 

 A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND 

 CLIMB........................................................................... 2-11 

 B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH.................... 2-12 

 C. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND 

 CLIMB........................................................................... 2-12 

 D. STEEP APPROACH ....................................................... 2-13 

 E. ROLLING TAKEOFF....................................................... 2-13 

 F. CONFINED AREA OPERATION .................................... 2-14 

 G. PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS......................... 2-14 

 H. SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON 

 LANDING ...................................................................... 2-15 

 I. GO-AROUNDS ............................................................... 2-15 

VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ......................................... 2-16 

 A. RAPID DECELERATION ................................................ 2-16 

 B. STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION.................................... 2-16 

 C. 180° AUTOROTATION................................................... 2-17 

 VII. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS .............................. 2-18 

 A. RECTANGULAR COURSE............................................. 2-18 

 B. S-TURNS........................................................................ 2-18 

 C. TURNS AROUND A POINT............................................ 2-19 

 VIII. NAVIGATION....................................................................... 2-20 

 A. PILOTAGE...................................................................... 2-20 

 B. DIVERSION .................................................................... 2-20 

 C. LOST PROCEDURES .................................................... 2-20 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS................................................... 2-21

 A. POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER.................................... 2-21 

 B. POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE .................................. 2-21 

 C. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS........... 2-22 

 D. SETTLING-WITH-POWER ............................................. 2-22 

 E. LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY.................................... 2-23 

 F. ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE................................. 2-23 

 G. DYNAMIC ROLLOVER................................................... 2-23 

 H. GROUND RESONANCE ................................................ 2-24 

 I. LOW G CONDITIONS .................................................... 2-24 

 J. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL 

 GEAR............................................................................ 2-24 

 POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES ........................................... 2-25

 A. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING............................... 2-25 
Section 2 2-iii FAA-S-8081-3A 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT 

T Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

T Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance 

T Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Helicopter Flight 

 Manual 

 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 

T Current Aeronautical Charts 

T Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS 

T Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

T Pilot Certificate 

T Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate 

T Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

 Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

T Computer Test Report 

T Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

T FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

T Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

T Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 

 
Section 2 2-v FAA-S-8081-3A 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

(HELICOPTER) 

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

T A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

T B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIRMENTS 

T C. WEATHER INFORMATION 

T D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

T E. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

T F. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

T G. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

T A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

T B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

T C. ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT 

T D. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS

T A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

T B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

T C. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING 

IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS

T A. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING 

T B. SLOPE OPERATIONS 

T C. SURFACE TAXI 

T D. HOVER TAXI 

T E. AIR TAXI 
FAA-S-8081-3A 2-vi

V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

T A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

T B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH 

T C. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

T D. STEEP APPROACH 

T E. ROLLING TAKEOFF 

T F. CONFINED AREA OPERATIONS 

T G. PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS 

T H. SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING ROLL-ON 

 LANDING 

T I. GO-AROUNDS 

VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

T A. RAPID DECELERATION 

T B. STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION 

T C. 180° AUTOROTATION 

VII. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

T A. RECTANGULAR COURSE 

T B. S-TURNS 

T C. TURNS ROUND A POINT 

VIII. NAVIGATION 

T A. PILOTAGE 

T B. DIVERSION 

T C. LOST PROCEDURES 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

T A. POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER 

T B. POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE 

T C. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

T D. SETTLING-WITH-POWER 

T E. LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY 

T F. ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE 

T G. DYNAMIC ROLLOVER 

T H. GROUND RESONANCE 

T I. LOW G CONDITIONS 

T J. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

T A. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING 
Section 2 2-vii 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE 

Addition of a Rotorcraft/Helicopter Rating to an existi

Recreational Pilot or Higher Certificate 

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s) or an 

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each AREA O

PILOT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RG Glider Balloon Airship PP

I 

F, G F, G F, G F, G F, G F, G F, G F, G F

II 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A

III 

B, C B, C B, C B, C ALL ALL ALL ALL A

IV 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A

V 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A
Section 2 2-viii 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RG Glider Balloon Airship 

VI 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

VII 

NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL 

VIII 

NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL 

IX 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

X 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

NOTE 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan of actio

examiner may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she deems npilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. 
Section 2 2-1 FAA-S-8081-3A 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, FAAH-8083-25; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

 a. recreational pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent 

 flight experience requirements. 

 b. medical certificate class and duration. 

 c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

 b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

 POH/RFM. 

 c. weight and balance data and equipment list. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

 1. Explaining— 

 a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR. 

 b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness 

 of the helicopter with inoperative instruments and equipment 

 with and without an MEL. 

 c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight 

 permit. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness directives. 

 b. compliance records. 

 c. maintenance/inspection requirements. 

 d. appropriate record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-2 2

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION 

NOTE: The examiner will use a variety of weather conditions to 

evaluate this TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6; AC 00-45; AC 61-84; 

FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

 information by analyzing weather reports, surface analysis 

 charts, and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting 

 sources. 

 a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

 b. surface analysis charts. 

 c. radar summary chart. 

 d. significant weather prognostic chart. 

 e. AWOS and ASOS reports. 

 2. Makes a competent "go/no-go" decision for the flight evaluation 

 based on actual weather conditions. 

 3. Describes the importance of avoiding adverse weather and an 

 inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) 

 encounter. 

 4. Explains courses of action to safety exit from an inadvertent IMC 

 encounter. 

D. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigational Charts; AIM 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

national airspace system by explaining: 

 1. Recreational pilot privileges and limitations applicable to the 

 following classes of airspace: 

 a. Class B. 

 b. Class C. 

 c. Class D. 

 d. Class E. 

 e. Class G. 

 2. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. 

 3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 
Section 2 2-3 FAA-S-8081-3A 

E. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AC 61-84; AC 90-95; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to 

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding 

limitations. 

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed 

weight and center of gravity is within the helicopter’ s operating 

limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain 

within limits during all phases of flight. 

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, 

tables, and data. 

4. Describes the effect of atmospheric conditions on the helicopter’ 

s performance. 

5. Understands the cause and effects of retreating blade stall. 

6. Considers circumstances when operating within "avoid areas" of 

the height/velocity diagram. 

7. Is aware of situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque 

effectiveness (unanticipated yaw). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the helicopter provided 

for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems 

selected by the examiner: 

1. Primary flight controls and trim. 

2. Powerplant. 

3. Main rotor and anti-torque. 

4. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids or floats as applicable. 

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic. 

6. Electrical. 

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, 

if applicable. 

8. Environmental, if applicable. 

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable. 

10. Avionics equipment. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-4 2

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

 1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

 least three of the following— 

 a. hypoxia. 

 b. hyperventilation. 

 c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

 d. spatial disorientation. 

 e. stress and fatigue. 

 f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

 g. stress and fatigue. 

 h. dehydration. 

 2. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-the-counter 

 drugs. 

 3. The effects of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives upon a 

 pilot and/or passenger in flight. 
Section 2 2-5 FAA-S-8081-3A 

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight 

inspection including which items must be inspected, the reasons 

for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects. 

2. Inspects the helicopter with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Verifies that the helicopter is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so 

they are readily available. 

4. Briefs the occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

harnesses, doors, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency 

procedures. 

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC 91-55; 

POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to correct engine 

starting procedures including the use of an external power 

source, starting under various atmospheric conditions, 

awareness of other persons and property during start, and the 

effects of using incorrect starting procedures. 

2. Positions the helicopter properly considering structures, surface 

conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and 

property. 

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-6 2

D. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff 

check including the reasons for checking each item and how to 

detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the helicopter properly considering other aircraft, wind 

and surface conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Ensures that the engine temperature and pressure are suitable 

for run-up and takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the 

helicopter is in a safe operating condition. 

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, and 

departure and emergency procedures. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic 

prior to takeoff. 
Section 2 2-7 FAA-S-8081-3A 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND HELIPORT 

 OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

NOTE: Note: The examiner will evaluate this TASK orally if the 

aircraft is not radio equipped. 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications at non-towered airports. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using phraseology recommended in the AIM. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns 

including procedures at non- towered airports, prevention of 

runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence 

avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ± 100 feet, and the appropriate 

airspeed, ± 10 knots. 

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND HELIPORT MARKINGS AND 

LIGHTING 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/heliport 

runway and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway 

incursion avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/heliport runway and 

taxiway signs, markings, and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-8 2

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: HOVERING MANEUVERS 

A. TASK: VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a vertical takeoff 

to a hover and landing from a hover. 

2. Ascends to and maintains recommended hovering altitude, and 

descends from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, 

crosswind, and tailwind conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Establishes recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that 

altitude within 10 feet of the surface; if above 10 feet, ±5 feet. 

5. Avoids conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque 

effectiveness. 

6. Maintains position within 4 feet of a designated point, with no aft 

movement. 

7. Descends vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown 

point. 

8. Maintains specified heading, ±10°. 

B. TASK: SLOPE OPERATIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to slope operations. 

2. Selects a suitable slope, approach, and direction considering 

wind effect, obstacles, dynamic rollover avoidance, and 

discharging passengers. 

3. Properly moves toward the slope. 

4. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

5. Makes a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid on 

the sloping surface. 

6. Maintains positive control while lowering the down slope skid or 

landing gear to touchdown. 

7. Recognizes if slope is too steep and abandons the operation 

prior to reaching cyclic control stops. 

8. Makes a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover 

parallel to the slope. 

9. Properly moves away from the slope. 

10. Maintains the specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°. 
Section 2 2-9 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: SURFACE TAXI 

NOTE: This TASK applies to only helicopters equipped with wheeltype landing gear. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to surface taxiing. 

2. Surface taxies the helicopter from one point to another under 

headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, with the landing 

gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might 

lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness. 

3. Properly uses cyclic, collective, and brakes to control speed 

while taxiing. 

4. Properly positions nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or 

unlocked. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Maintains appropriate speed for existing conditions. 

7. Stops helicopter within 4 feet of a specified point. 

8. Maintains specified track within ±4 feet. 

D. TASK: HOVER TAXI 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to hover taxiing. 

2. Hover taxies over specified ground references, demonstrating 

forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Maintains specified ground track within ±4 feet of a designated 

reference on straight legs. 

5. Maintains constant rate of turn at pivot points. 

6. Maintains position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns. 

7. Makes a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of 

a specified heading. 

8. Maintains recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude 

within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-10 2

E. TASK: AIR TAXI 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; AIM; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to air taxiing. 

2. Air taxies the helicopter from one point to another under 

headwind and crosswind conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Selects a safe airspeed and altitude. 

5. Maintains desired track and groundspeed in headwind and 

crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss 

of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness. 

6. Maintains a specified altitude, ±10 feet. 
Section 2 2-11 FAA-S-8081-3A 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-

 AROUNDS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASKs A, B, C, D, I and at least 

one other TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing; otherwise a crosswind takeoff and climb shall be 

demonstrated. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind takeoff and climb, including factors affecting 

performance, to include height/velocity information. 

2. Establishes a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized 

hover, prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Accelerates to manufacturer’s recommended climb airspeed, 

±10 knots. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-12 2

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing; otherwise a crosswind approach and landing shall be 

demonstrated. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind approach. 

2. Considers performance data, to include height/velocity 

information. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles. 

4. Selects a suitable touchdown point. 

5. Establishes and maintains the normal approach angle, and 

proper rate of closure. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

7. Avoids situations that may result in settling-with-power. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

9. Arrives over the touchdown point, on the surface or at a 

stabilized hover, ±4 feet. 

10. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

C. TASK: MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a maximum 

performance takeoff and climb. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and 

factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include 

height/velocity information. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Utilizes proper control technique to initiate takeoff and forward 

climb airspeed attitude. 

5. Utilizes the maximum available takeoff power. 

6. After clearing all obstacles, transitions to normal climb attitude, 

airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting. 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

 
Section 2 2-13 FAA-S-8081-3A 

D. TASK: STEEP APPROACH 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep 

approach. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and 

factors related to a steep approach, to include height/velocity 

information. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles. 

4. Selects a suitable termination point. 

5. Establishes and maintains a steep approach angle, (15° 

maximum) and proper rate of closure. 

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power. 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

9. Arrives at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized 

hover, ±4 feet. 

E. TASK: ROLLING TAKEOFF 

NOTE: This TASK applies only to helicopters equipped with wheeltype landing gear. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rolling takeoff. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and 

factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include 

height/velocity information. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Utilizes proper preparatory technique prior to initiating takeoff. 

5. Initiates forward accelerating movement on the surface. 

6. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and power 

setting. 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-14 2

F. TASK: CONFINED AREA OPERATION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to confined area 

operations. 

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance. 

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and 

departure path. 

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach 

angle and rate of closure to the termination point. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power. 

7. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow. 

8. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance. 

9. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting 

takeoff and climb performance under various conditions. 

G. TASK: PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements pinnacle/platform 

operations. 

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance. 

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and 

departure path. 

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach 

angle and rate closure to the termination point. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow. 

7. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance. 

8. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting 

takeoff and climb performance under various conditions. 
Section 2 2-15 FAA-S-8081-3A 

H. TASK: SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON 

LANDING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to shallow approach 

and running/roll-on landing, including the purpose of the 

maneuver, factors affecting performance data, to include 

height/velocity information, and effect of landing surface 

texture. 

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

3. Considers obstacles and other hazards. 

4. Establishes and maintains the recommended approach angle, 

and proper rate of closure. 

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or the 

possibility of wake turbulence. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Maintains a speed that will take advantage of the effective 

translational lift during surface contact with landing parallel with 

the ground track. 

8. Utilizes proper flight control technique after surface contact. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

I. TASK: GO-AROUNDS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and 

when it is necessary. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Establishes proper control input to stop descent and initiate 

climb. 

5. Retracts the landing gear, if applicable, after a positive rate-ofclimb. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed ± 10 knots. 

8. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-16 2

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner will select TASK A and at least one other 

TASK. 

A. TASK: RAPID DECELERATION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rapid 

deceleration. 

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

3. Properly coordinates all controls throughout the execution of the 

maneuver. 

4. Maintains an altitude that will permit safe clearance between the 

tail boom and the surface. 

5. Decelerates and terminates in a stationary hover at the 

recommended hovering altitude. 

6. Maintains heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°. 

B. TASK: STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a straight in 

autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover. 

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area. 

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point. 

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±10 

knots. 

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

6. Compensates for wind speed and direction as necessary to 

avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area. 

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a 

hover. 

8. Comes to a hover within 400 feet of a designated point. 
Section 2 2-17 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: 180° AUTOROTATION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 180° 

autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover. 

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area. 

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point. 

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ± 10 

knots. 

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

6. Compensates for wind speed and direction as necessary to 

avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area. 

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a 

hover. 

8. Comes to a hover within 400 feet of a designated point. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-18 2

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE 

 MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects an appropriate ground reference based on wind 

direction and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 

1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected 

reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between helicopter control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ± 100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects an appropriate reference line based on wind direction 

and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet AGL, 

perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected 

reference line. 

6. Divides attention between helicopter control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

7. Maintains the entry altitude throughout the maneuver, ± 100 

feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
Section 2 2-19 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects an appropriate reference point based on wind direction 

and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 

feet AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

circle around the selected reference point with a bank of 

approximately 40° at the steepest point in the turn. 

5. Divides attention between helicopter control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-20 2

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by visual reference to 

landmarks, with the aid of a magnetic compass. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the helicopter’s position within three (3) nautical miles of 

the flight planned route. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or heliport and route. 

3. Promptly diverts toward the alternate airport or heliport. 

4. Makes an reasonable estimate of heading and fuel consumption 

to the alternate airport or heliport. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±15°. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmark(s). 

5. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or 

fuel exhaustion is impending. 
Section 2 2-21 FAA-S-8081-3A 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

NOTE: TASKs F through I are knowledge only TASKs. 

A. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at a 

hover. 

2. Determines that the terrain below the aircraft is suitable for a 

safe touchdown. 

3. Performs autorotation from a stationary or forward hover into 

the wind at recommended altitude, and RPM, while maintaining 

established heading, ±10°. 

4. Touches down with minimum sideward movement, and no 

rearward movement. 

5. Exhibits orientation, division of attention, and proper planning. 

B. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE 

NOTE: Simulated power failure at altitude shall be given over areas 

where actual touchdowns can safely be completed in the event of an 

actual powerplant failure. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at 

altitude. 

2. Establishes an autorotation and selects a suitable landing area. 

3. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 

knots. 

4. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

5. Compensates for wind speed and direction as necessary to 

avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area. 

6. Terminates approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude 

when directed by the examiner. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-22 2

C. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

 indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment 

 malfunctions. 

 2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

 helicopter used for the practical test, in at least three of the 

 following areas— 

 a. engine/oil and fuel. 

 b. hydraulic, if applicable. 

 c. electrical. 

 d. carburetor or induction icing. 

 e. smoke and/or fire. 

 f. flight control/trim. 

 g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if 

 applicable. 

 h. rotor and/or antitorque. 

 i. various frequency vibrations and the possible components 

 that may be affected. 

 j. any other emergency unique to the helicopter flown. 

D. TASK: SETTLING-WITH-POWER 

NOTE: May be evaluated orally at the discretion of the examiner. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to settling-withpower. 

2. Selects an altitude that will allow recovery to be completed no 

less than 1,000 feet AGL or, if applicable, the manufacturer’ s 

recommended altitude, whichever is higher. 

3. Promptly recognizes and recovers at the onset of settling-withpower. 

4. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure. 
Section 2 2-23 FAA-S-8081-3A 

E. TASK: LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY 

NOTE: The examiner may test the applicant orally on this TASK if 

helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that cannot be 

disabled. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Appropriate Manufacturer’s Safety 

Notices; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low rotor RPM 

recovery, including the combination of conditions that are likely 

to lead to this situation. 

2. Detects the development of low rotor RPM and initiates prompt 

corrective action. 

3. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure. 

F. TASK: ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anti-torque 

 system failure by describing— 

 a. The aerodynamic indications of the types of possible 

 system failure(s) associated with the helicopter. 

 b. Manufacturers recommended procedures for dealing with 

 the different types of system(s) failure. 

G. TASK: DYNAMIC ROLLOVER 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the aerodynamics 

of dynamic rollover. 

2. Understands the interaction between the antitorque thrust, 

crosswind, slope, CG, cyclic, and collective pitch control in 

contributing to dynamic rollover. 

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs, landings, 

and slope operations. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 2-24 2

H. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully articulated 

rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance. 

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground 

resonance. 

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs and 

landings. 

I. TASK: LOW G CONDITIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions. 

2. Understands and recognizes the situations that contribute to low 

G conditions. 

3. Explains proper recovery procedures. 

J. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter 

environment encountered during flight. 

2. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the 

helicopter. 
Section 2 2-25 FAA-S-8081-3A 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING AND SECURING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, 

parking and securing procedures. 

2. Minimizes the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during 

hovering. 

3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

5. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the 

aircraft. 
SECTION 3 

RECREATIONAL PILOT—

ROTORCRAFT/GYROPLANE 
Section 3 3-i FAA-S-8081-3A 

CONTENTS: SECTION 3

CHECKLISTS: 

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane) ...........................3-iii

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane)...........................3-v 

RATING TASKS TABLE ...................................................................3-vii

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION..................................................3-1 

 A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS .................................3-1 

 B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS................................3-1 

 C. WEATHER INFORMATION................................................3-2 

 D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM .......................................3-2 

 E. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS................................3-3 

 F. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS...............................................3-3 

 G. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS................................................3-4 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES...................................................3-5 

 A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION.................................................3-5 

 B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT .................................................3-5 

 C. ENGINE STARTING...........................................................3-5 

 D. TAXIING..............................................................................3-6 

 E. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK..............................................3-6 

 III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS ........................................................3-7

 A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS..............................................3-7 

 B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS.........................................................3-7 

 C. AIRPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING .............................3-7 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS......................3-8 

 A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB........... 3-8 

 B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND 

 LANDING..........................................................................3-9 

 C. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB............................... 3-10 

 D. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING ...................... 3-11 

 E. GO-AROUND ................................................................... 3-12 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-ii 3

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER............................................ 3-13 

 A. STEEP TURNS............................................................... 3-13 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS .............................. 3-14 

 A. RECTANGULAR COURSE............................................. 3-14 

 B. S-TURNS........................................................................ 3-14 

 C. TURNS AROUND A POINT............................................ 3-15 

VII. NAVIGATION....................................................................... 3-16 

 A. PILOTAGE...................................................................... 3-16 

 B. DIVERSION .................................................................... 3-16 

 C. LOST PROCEDURES .................................................... 3-16 

VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS ......................................... 3-17 

 A. MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS....................... 3-17 

 B. HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY............... 3-17 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS.............................................. 3-18

 A. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING .................. 3-18 

 B. LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE 

 OF ATTACK.................................................................. 3-18 

 C. GROUND RESONANCE ................................................ 3-19 

 D. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS........... 3-19 

 E. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL 

 GEAR............................................................................ 3-20 

 X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES .......................................... 3-21

 A. AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING .......... 3-21 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-iii 3 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT 

T Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

T Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD 

Compliance 

T Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Gyroplane Flight 

 Manual 

 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 

T Current Aeronautical Charts 

T Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate 

 Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS 

T Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

T Pilot Certificate 

T Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate 

T Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

 Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

T Computer Test Report 

T Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

T FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

T Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

T Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 

 
Section 3 3-v FAA-S-8081-3A 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

(GYROPLANE) 

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

T A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

T B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIRMENTS 

T C. WEATHER INFORMATION 

T D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

T E. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

T F. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

T G. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

T A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

T B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

T C. ENGINE STARTING 

T D. TAXIING 

T E. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

T A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

T B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

T C. AIRPORT MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS AND GO-AROUNDS

T A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

T B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING 

T C. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

T D. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING 

T E. GO-AROUND 
FAA-S-8081-3A 3-vi Section 3 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

T A. STEEP TURNS 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

T A. RECTANGULAR COURSE 

T B. S-TURNS

T C. TURNS AROUND A POINT 

VII. NAVIGATION

T A. PILOTAGE 

T B. DIVERSION 

T C. LOST PROCEDURES 

VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 

T A. MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 

T B. HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

T A. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING

T B. LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE OF 

 ATTACK 

T C. GROUND RESONANCE 

T D. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

T E. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES 

T A. AFTER LANDING, PARKING AND SECURING 
Section3 3-vii 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE 

Addition of a Rotorcraft/Gyroplane rating to an existin

Recreational Pilot or Higher Certificate 

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s) or an 

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each AREA O

PILOT RATING (S) HELD 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RH Glider Balloon Airship PP

I 

F, E F, E F, E F, E F, E F, E F, E F, E F

II 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A

III 

B B, C B B, C B ALL ALL ALL 

IV 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A

V 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL A
Section 3 3-viii 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RH Glider Balloon Airship 

VI 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

VII 

NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE 

VIII 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

IX 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

X 

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

NOTE 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan of actio

examiner may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she deems npilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. 
Section 3 3-1 FAA-S-8081-3A 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, FAAH-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

 1. Explaining— 

 a. recreational pilot certificate privileges, and limitations and 

 recent flight experience. 

 b. medical certificate class and duration. 

 c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

 b. operating limitations, placards, and instrument markings 

 and gyroplane flight manual. 

 c. weight and balance data and equipment. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

 1. Explaining— 

 a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR. 

 b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness 

 of the gyroplane with inoperative instruments and 

 equipment with and without an MEL. 

 c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight 

 permit. 

 2. Locating and explaining— 

 a. airworthiness directives. 

 b. compliance records. 

 c. maintenance/inspection requirements. 

 d. appropriate record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-2 3

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION 

NOTE: The examiner will use a variety of weather scenarios to 

evaluate this TASK. 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 00-6, AC 00-

45, AC 61-84; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time 

 weather information by analyzing weather reports, charts, 

 and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting sources— 

 a. METAR, TAF and FA. 

 b. surface analysis charts. 

 c. radar summary chart. 

 d. significant weather prognostic chart. 

 e. AWOS and ASOS reports. 

 2. Makes a competent "go/no-go" decision for the flight evaluation 

 based on actual weather conditions. 

 3. Describes the importance of avoiding adverse weather and an 

 inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) 

 encounter. 

 4. Explains courses of action to safety exit from an inadvertent IMC 

 encounter. 

D. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the national airspace system by explaining: 

 1. Recreational pilot privileges and limitations applicable to the 

 following classes of airspace— 

 b. Class B. 

 c. Class C. 

 d. Class D. 

 e. Class E. 

 f. Class G. 

 2. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. 

 3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 
Section 3 3-3 FAA-S-8081-3A 

E. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21; AC 61-84; 

Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to 

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding 

limitations. 

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed 

weight and center of gravity is within the gyroplanes operating 

limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain 

within limits during all phases of flight. 

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, 

tables, and data. 

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the 

gyroplane’s performance. 

5. Understands the cause, effect, and avoidance procedure of 

"power pushover," and "pilot induced oscillation." 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems in the gyroplane provided 

for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems 

selected by the examiner. 

1. Primary flight controls and trim. 

2. Powerplant. 

3. Rotor, including prerotator/spin-up control, if applicable. 

4. Landing gear, brakes, and steering. 

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic. 

6. Electrical. 

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, 

if applicable. 

8. Environmental, if applicable. 

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable. 

10. Avionics equipment. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-4 3

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25, AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

 1. The symptoms, causes effects, and corrective actions of at 

 least three of the following— 

 a. hypoxia. 

 b. hyperventilation. 

 c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

 d. spatial disorientation. 

 e. motion sickness. 

 f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

 g. stress and fatigue. 

 h. dehydration. 

 2. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-the-counter 

 drugs. 

 3. The effects of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives upon a 

 pilot and/or passenger in flight. 
Section 3 3-5 FAA-S-8081-3A 

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight 

inspection including which items must be inspected, the reasons 

for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects. 

2. Inspects the gyroplane with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Verifies that the gyroplane is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; AC 91-32; 

Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the aircraft are secured. 

3. Organizes and arranges material and equipment in an efficient 

manner so they are readily available. 

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

harnesses, doors, propeller and rotor blade avoidance, and 

emergency procedures. 

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 91-13; AC 

91-42; AC 91-55; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

engine starting procedures including the use of an external 

power source, hand propping safety, starting under various 

atmospheric conditions, awareness of other persons and 

property during start, and the effects of using incorrect starting 

procedures. 

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering structures, surface 

conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and 

property. 

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-6 3

D. TASK: TAXIING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

taxi procedures, including rotor blade management and the 

effect of wind during taxiing. 

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the gyroplane begins 

moving. 

3. Properly positions rotor blades while taxiing. 

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 

5. Complies with airport runway/taxiway markings and signs. 

6. Avoids other aircraft and hazards. 

7. Properly positions the gyroplane for runup considering other 

aircraft, surface conditions, and if applicable, existing wind 

conditions. 

E. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight 

Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff 

check including the reasons for checking the items and how to 

detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering other aircraft, 

surface conditions, and wind conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the 

gyroplane is in safe operating condition. 

5. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds and expected takeoff 

distance. 

6. Describes takeoff emergency procedures, to include low 

speed/high speed blade flap situations. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic 

prior to taxiing into takeoff position. 

8. Utilizes proper rotor spin-up procedures. 
Section 3 3-7 FAA-S-8081-3A 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

NOTE: The examiner will evaluate this TASK orally if the aircraft is 

not radio equipped. 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications at non-towered airports. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using phraseology recommended in the AIM. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

REFERENCE(S): 14 CFR part 91; AIM; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns 

including procedures at airports without operating control 

towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, 

wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate 

airspeed, ±5 knots. 

C. TASK: AIRPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport runway 

and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion 

avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport runway and taxiway 

signs, markings, and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-8 3

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-

 AROUNDS 

NOTE: If the gyroplane provided for the test is not capable of safely 

performing soft field or short field maneuvers the applicant may be 

tested orally on their knowledge of the basic procedures. 

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

knowledge of crosswind elements will be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and 

crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff 

procedures. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind 

conditions. 

2. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM. 

3. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position, and aligns the 

gyroplane with takeoff path. 

4. Advances the throttle as required. 

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on the 

surface. 

6. Attains the proper lift-off attitude, and airspeed. 

7. Accelerates to appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then 

sets climb power. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 

10. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

11. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
Section 3 3-9 FAA-S-8081-3A 

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND 

LANDING 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

knowledge of crosswind elements will be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, 

and selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the 

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5 

knots. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the 

flare and touchdown. 

8. Touches down smoothly, beyond and within 200 feet of a 

specified point with no appreciable drift, and with the 

longitudinal axis aligned with the intended landing path. 

9. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-10 3

C. TASK: SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field takeoff 

and climb. 

2. Determines and utilizes best takeoff procedure based on the 

capabilities of this gyroplane and current conditions. 

3. Positions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and to 

maximize lift as quickly as possible. 

4. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM. 

5. Clears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed 

consistent with safety, without stopping, while advancing the 

throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

6. Maintains proper directional control. 

7. Lifts off and remains in ground effect while accelerating to 

recommended climb airspeed. 

8. Maintains recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then 

sets climb power. 

10. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

11. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

12. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 3 3-11 FAA-S-8081-3A 

D. TASK: SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field 

approach and landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles, 

and selects the most suitable touchdown area. 

3. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the 

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5 

knots. 

4. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the 

flare and touchdown. 

7. Touches down smoothly, at a minimum descent rate and 

airspeed with no appreciable drift, and with the longitudinal axis 

aligned with the intended landing path. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-12 3

E. TASK: GO-AROUND 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and 

when it is necessary. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies appropriate power and establishes a climb at the 

appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots. 

4. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then 

sets climb power. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
Section 3 3-13 FAA-S-8081-3A 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns. 

2. Selects a safe altitude. 

3. Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed. 

4. Smoothly enters a coordinated steep 360° turn with a 40° bank. 

5. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the 

 examiner. 

6. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation. 

7. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, rolls 

 out on the entry heading, ±10°, bank +/- 5°. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-14 3

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects an appropriate ground reference based on wind 

direction and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 

1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected 

reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects an appropriate reference line based on wind direction 

and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet AGL, 

perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected 

reference line. 

6. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

7. Maintains the entry altitude throughout the maneuver, ±100 feet; 

maintains airspeed, +/-10 knots. 
Section 3 3-15 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects an appropriate reference point based on wind direction 

and emergency landing areas. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 

feet AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

circle around the selected reference point with a bank of 

approximately 40° at the steepest point in the turn. 

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground 

track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ± 100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-16 3

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by visual reference to 

landmarks, with the aid of a magnetic compass. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the gyroplane’s position within 3 nautical miles of the 

flight planned route at all times. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-25, AC 61-84. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route. 

3. Makes a reasonable estimate of heading and fuel consumption 

to the alternate airport. 

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established 

heading, ±15. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCE(S): FA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; AIM 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading, and climbs if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or 

fuel exhaustion is impending. 
Section 3 3-17 FAA-S-8081-3A 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 

A. TASK: MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight 

characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering 

during slow flight. 

2. Selects a safe altitude. 

3. Establishes and maintains a specified airspeed +5, -0, in 

straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents as 

directed. 

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet. 

5. Maintains the specified heading during straight flight, ±10°. 

6. Maintains specified bank angle, ±10°, during turning flight. 

7. Rolls out on specified headings, ±10°. 

8. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation. 

B. TASK: HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerodynamic 

factors associated with a high rate of descent and recovery and 

how this relates to actual approach and landing situations. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no 

lower than 500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes an airspeed that will induce a high rate of descent in 

high or low power settings. 

4. Recognizes the onset of a high rate of descent. 

5. Promptly recovers with or without power as directed. 

6. Maintains the specified heading, ± 10° . 

7. Resumes normal cruising flight. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-18 3

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

approach and landing with a power failure. 

2. Establishes and maintains the appropriate airspeed, ± 5 knots. 

3. Selects a suitable landing area, considering the possibility of an 

actual forced landing. 

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area, 

considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstacles, and other factors. 

5. Attempts to determine the reason for the simulated malfunction, 

if time permits. 

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

B. TASK: LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE OF 

 ATTACK 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lift-off at low 

airspeed and high angle of attack, including combination of 

conditions, which are likely to lead to this situation. 

2. Properly positions the controls. 

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM, if applicable. 

4. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the 

gyroplane with the takeoff path. 

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on the 

surface. 

6. Rotates for takeoff prior to normal lift-off airspeed with high 

angle of attack. 

7. Detects the development of a low airspeed and high angle of 

attack, and initiates prompt corrective action. 

8. Accelerates to recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 
Section 3 3-19 FAA-S-8081-3A 

C. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE 

NOTE: The examiner will evaluate this TASK orally. 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully articulated 

rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance. 

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground 

resonance. 

3. Explains preventive flight techniques used during takeoffs and 

landings. 

D. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

 indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment 

 malfunctions. 

 2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

 gyroplane used for the practical test, in at least three of the 

 following areas— 

 a. engine/oil and fuel. 

 b. hydraulic, if applicable. 

 c. electrical. 

 d. carburetor or induction icing. 

 e. smoke and/or fire. 

 f. flight control/trim. 

 g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if 

 applicable. 

 h. rotor and/or propeller. 

 i. any other emergency unique to the gyroplane flown. 
FAA-S-8081-3A Section 3-20 3

E. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment and survival gear appropriate to the gyroplane and 

environment encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate 

equipment that should be aboard the gyroplane. 
Section 3 3-21 FAA-S-8081-3A 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING 

REFERENCE(S): FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, 

parking and securing procedures. 

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating 

to an appropriate speed. 

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings 

and lighting. 

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

7. Conducts an appropriate post flight inspection and secures the 

aircraft.