FAA-S-8081-32

U.S. Department

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration

PRIVATE PILOT

Practical Test Standards 

for

POWERED PARACHUTE 

(PPL and PPS) 

WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

December 2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591
PRIVATE PILOT 

POWERED PARACHUTE 

and 

WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

Practical Test Standards 

2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
FAA-S-8081-32

NOTE 

Material in FAA-S-8081-32 will be effective December 1, 2004.
FAA-S-8081-32

FOREWORD

The Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (PTS) for Powered Parachute 

and Weight Shift Control has been published by the Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for private pilot certification 

practical tests for the powered parachute category (land and sea) and 

weight shift control category (land and sea). FAA inspectors and 

designated pilot examiners shall conduct practical tests in compliance with 

these standards. Flight instructors and applicants should find these 

standards helpful during training and when preparing for the practical test. 

/s/ 1-13/2005 

 ______

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division 

Flight Standards Service 
i FAA-S-8081-32

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 

 General Information.....................................................................1 

 Practical Test Standards Concept ...............................................2 

 Practical Test Book Description...................................................2 

 Practical Test Standards Description...........................................2 

 Abbreviations...............................................................................4 

 Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ...................................5 

 Special Emphasis Areas..............................................................6 

Private Pilot—Powered Parachute and Weight Shift Control 

Practical Test Prerequisites .........................................................6 

 Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test...............7 

 Flight Instructor Responsibility.....................................................7 

 Examiner Responsibility ..............................................................8 

 Satisfactory Performance ............................................................8 

 Unsatisfactory Performance ........................................................9 

 Letter of Discontinuance............................................................10 

 Single-Pilot Resource Management ..........................................10 

 Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................10 

 Use of Distractions During Practical Tests ................................10 

 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................11 

 Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............11 

SECTION 1: PRIVATE PILOT POWERED PARACHUTE—LAND 

AND SEA 

CONTENTS ....................................................................................1-i 

CHECKLISTS: 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist............................................... 1-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist ...............................................1-v 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLES: 

Additional Ratings Task Table: Powered Parachute Land........... 1-vii 

Additional Ratings Task Table: Powered Parachute Sea.............. 1-ix 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION .............................................1-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES..............................................1-6 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS.............1-9 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS................1-10 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER .........................................1-15 

VI GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS............................1-16 

VII.NAVIGATION ....................................................................1-18 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS...........................................1-20 

IX. NIGHT OPERATION.........................................................1-22 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES .........................................1-23 
FAA-S-8081-32 ii

SECTION 2: PRIVATE PILOT WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL—LAND 

AND SEA 

CONTENTS.....................................................................................2-i 

CHECKLISTS: 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist................................................2-v 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist ............................................. 2-vii 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLES: 

Additional Ratings Task Table: Weight Shift Control Land............ 2-ix 

Additional Ratings Task Table: Weight Shift Control Sea ............. 2-xi 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION..............................................2-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES..............................................2-7 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS...........2-11 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS................2-12 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS.......................................2-19 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS............................2-20 

VII.NAVIGATION ....................................................................2-22 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS ...........................................2-23 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS...........................................2-25 

X. NIGHT OPERATION .........................................................2-27 

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES..........................................2-28 
1 FAA-S-8081-32

INTRODUCTION 

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard that shall 

be used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners when 

conducting private pilot powered parachute and weight shift control 

practical tests. Flight instructors are also expected to use this book 

when preparing applicants for practical tests. Applicants should be 

familiar with this book and refer to these standards during their training. 

Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical 

test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are 

mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as 

“should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, 

but not mandatory. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many individuals and organizations throughout the aviation community 

who contributed their time and talent in assisting with the development 

of this practical test standard. 

This practical test standard may be purchased from the Superintendent 

of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, 

DC 20402-9325, or from http://bookstore.gpo.gov. This PTS is also 

available for download, in pdf format, from the Flight Standards Service 

web site at http://av-info.faa.gov. 

This practical test standard is published by the U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing 

Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 

73125. Comments regarding this handbook should be sent, in e-mail 

form, to AFS630comments@faa.gov. 

 
FAA-S-8081-32 2

Practical Test Standards Concept

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 specifies 

the AREAS OF OPERATION in which knowledge and skill must be 

demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a Private Pilot 

Certificate or rating. The CFRs provide the flexibility to permit the FAA 

to publish practical test standards containing the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and specific TASKs in which pilot competency shall be 

demonstrated. The FAA shall revise this book whenever it is determined 

that changes are needed in the interest of safety. Adherence to the 

provisions of the regulations and the practical test standards is 

mandatory for the evaluation of private pilot applicants.

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Private Pilot Practical Test 

Standards: 

 Section 1—Powered Parachute Land and Sea 

 Section 2—Weight Shift Control Land and Sea 

The Private Pilot Powered Parachute and Weight Shift Control Practical 

Test Standards includes the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs for 

the issuance of an initial Private Pilot Certificate and for the addition of 

category ratings and/or class ratings to that certificate. 

Practical Test Standards Description

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight 

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner may 

conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result in a complete 

and efficient test. However, the ground portion of the practical test shall

be accomplished before the flight portion. 

TASKs are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) within 

parentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the category and/or 

class aircraft appropriate to that TASK. The meaning of each abbreviation 

is as follows. 

PPL Powered Parachute Land 

PPS Powered Parachute Sea 

WSCL Weight Shift Control Land 

 WSCS Weight Shift Control Sea 
3 FAA-S-8081-32

When administering a test using this practical test standard, the TASKs 

appropriate to the class airplane (PPL, PPS, WSCL, or WSCS) used for 

the test shall be included in the plan of action. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, 

and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and 

Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilot and Flight Instructors and 

 Ground Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight Into Terrain 

Awareness 

AC 90-23 Aircraft Wake Turbulence 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

Practices for Aeronautical Operations At 

Airports Without Operating Control Towers 

AC 91-69 Seaplane Safety for FAR Part 91 Operations 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-9 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-15 Instrument Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane and Float/Ski Equipped 

Helicopter Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen 
FAA-S-8081-32 4

PPC Flight Manual The Powered Parachute Bible—Begue’ 

Trike Flight Manual Trikes – The Flex-Wing Flyers—Bartosik 

Other Pilot Operating Handbook/ 

 FAA-Approved Flight Manual 

 Aeronautical Navigation Charts 

 Seaplane Supplement 

The Objective lists the elements that must be satisfactorily performed to 

demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and 

3. acceptable performance standards. 

Abbreviations 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

 AC Advisory Circular 

 ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

 AFD Airport Facility Directory 

 AFM Airplane Flight Manual 

 AFSS Automated Flight Service Station 

 AGL Above Ground Level 

 AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

 ASEL Airplane Single Engine Land 

 ASES Airplane Single Engine Sea 

ASOS Automated Surface Observing System 

 ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 

 CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

CRM Cockpit Resource Management 

CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency 

 FA Area Weather Forecast 

 FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

 GPO Government Printing Office 

 METAR Meteorological Aviation Report (Routine) 

 NOTAM Notices to Airmen 

 NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

 PPC Powered Parachute 

 PPL Powered Parachute Land 

 PPS Powered Parachute Sea 

 POH Pilot Operating Handbook 

 PTS Practical Test Standard 

 RPM Revolutions per Minute 

 SS Single-seat 

 SUA Special Use Airspace 

 TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast 

 TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

 VFR Visual Flight Rules 

 WSCL Weight Shift Control Land 

 WSCS Weight Shift Control Sea 
5 FAA-S-8081-32

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book

The FAA requires that all private pilot practical tests be conducted in 

accordance with the appropriate private practical test standards and the 

policies set forth in the INTRODUCTION. Applicants shall be evaluated 

in ALL TASKs included in each AREA OF OPERATION of the 

appropriate practical test standard, unless otherwise noted. 

An applicant, who holds at least a Private Pilot Certificate seeking an 

additional airplane category rating and/or class rating at the private pilot 

level, shall be evaluated in the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs 

listed in the Additional Ratings Task Table. At the discretion of the 

examiner, an evaluation of the applicant’s competence in the remaining 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs may be conducted. 

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at 

the private level, and the ratings table indicates differing required 

TASKS, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “ALL” and 

“NONE” are indicated for one AREA OF OPERATION, the “NONE” 

entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner shall develop a 

written “plan of action.” The “plan of action” shall include all TASKs in 

each AREA OF OPERATION, unless noted otherwise. If the elements 

in one TASK have already been evaluated in another TASK, they need 

not be repeated. For example, the “plan of action” need not include 

evaluating the applicant on complying with markings, signals, and 

clearances at the end of the flight, if that element was sufficiently 

observed at the beginning of the flight. Any TASK selected for 

evaluation during a practical test shall be evaluated in its entirety.

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this book. The 

examiner may change the sequence or combine TASKs with similar 

Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For 

example, Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals may be 

combined with Traffic Patterns. The examiner’s “plan of action” shall 

include the order and combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the 

applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance of 

simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for 

simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions, 

both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as 

the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the 

procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that 

the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver. 
FAA-S-8081-32 6

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft 

operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the 

aircraft); 

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance; 

6. runway incursion avoidance; 

7. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

8. aeronautical decision making/risk management; 

9. checklist usage; 

10. spatial disorientation; 

11. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

12. special use airspace (SUA); 

13. aviation security; and 

14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will be evaluated 

in accordance to the standards of the TASKs and the ability to use good 

judgment with reference to the special emphasis areas listed above.

Private Pilot—Powered Parachute and Weight Shift Control 

Practical Test Prerequisites

An applicant for the private pilot powered parachute or a weight shift 

control practical test is required by 14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. be at least 17 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards; 

3. have passed the appropriate private pilot knowledge test since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or 

she takes the practical test; 

4. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed; 

5. possess at least a current third class medical certificate; 
7 FAA-S-8081-32

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has received and logged training time within 

60 days preceding the date of application in preparation for the 

practical test, and is prepared for the practical test; and 

7. have an endorsement certifying that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

The private pilot airplane applicant is required by 14 CFR part 61, 

section 61.45, to provide an aircraft that has a current Airworthiness 

Certificate and is in condition for safe flight for use during the practical 

test. This section further requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, class, 

and type, if applicable, for the certificate and/or rating for which the 

applicant is applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR section 61.45(c) and (e); 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION appropriate 

to the rating sought and have no operating limitations, which 

prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF OPERATION, required for 

the practical test; 

4. have an altitude and an airspeed indicating system, as 

appropriate, for all tasks that require demonstration of skill within 

an altitude/airspeed tolerance; and 

5. at least two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each person to 

operate the aircraft safely, except as provided for in 14 CFR part 

61, section 61-45 (b), (1), (iii).

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

private pilot applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each 

AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate private pilot practical test 

standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of 

knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to 

students. 

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible 

for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and 

collision avoidance procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-32 8

 

Examiner1 Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for 

determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of 

knowledge and skill of each TASK within the appropriate practical test 

standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” 

portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process 

throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant's 

knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be used 

judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical 

test. Examiners shall test, to the greatest extent practicable, the 

applicant’s correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of 

facts throughout the practical test. 

If the examiner determines that a TASK is incomplete, or the outcome 

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that TASK 

or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest 

of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the 

repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification 

process. When practical, the remaining TASKs of the practical test 

phase should be completed before repeating the questionable TASK. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall 

evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance 

procedures. 

Satisfactory Performance

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION for 

the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome 

of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 

4. demonstrate sound judgment; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type 

certificated for single-pilot operations. 

1 The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either the FAA 

inspector or FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts an official practical test. 
9 FAA-S-8081-32

Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY 

with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the 

applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and 

their associated TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the 

retest, and at the discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be reevaluated, including those previously passed. 

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for 

disqualification are: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to 

clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 

When a Notice of Disapproval is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard 

appropriate to the practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF 

OPERATION/TASK(s) not tested and the number of practical test 

failures shall also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test 

because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval shall 

indicate the associated TASK, i. e.: AREA OF OPERATION VIII, 

Maneuvering During Slow Flight, failure to use proper collision 

avoidance procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-32 10

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness) 

FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman Certificate and/or Rating, 

and, if applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report, shall be returned 

to the applicant. The examiner at that time shall prepare, sign, and 

issue a Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of 

Discontinuance should identify the AREAS OF OPERATION and their 

associated TASKs of the practical test that were successfully 

completed. The applicant shall be advised that the Letter of 

Discontinuance shall be presented to the examiner when the practical 

test is resumed and made part of the certification file. 

 

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are 

being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “...includes all 

other groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in 

decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to dispatchers, weather briefers, 

maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers.” Pilot Resource 

Management is not a single TASK; it is a set of skill competencies that 

must be evident in all TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to 

single-pilot operation. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of 

an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK 

being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist, while accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be 

either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this 

case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished, would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning should be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner shall 

cause realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test 

to evaluate the applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining 

safe flight. 
11 FAA-S-8081-32

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight training, there must always be a clear understanding 

between students and flight instructors of who has control of the aircraft. 

Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the 

procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step 

process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven 

procedure and one that is strongly recommended. 

When the instructor wishes the student to take control of the aircraft, he 

or she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The student 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The 

flight instructor again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control 

is returned to the instructor, follow the same procedure. A visual check 

is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should 

never by any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

The examiner shall evaluate the applicant’s ability throughout the 

practical test to use good aeronautical decision making procedures 

in order to evaluate risks. The examiner shall accomplish this 

requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate as many 

TASKs as possible to evaluate the applicants risk management in 

making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the examiner 

may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and 

performance planning. 
SECTION 1 

PRIVATE PILOT 

POWERED PARACHUTE 

(PPL and PPS) 
Section 1 1-i FAA-S-8081-32 

CONTENTS

Powered Parachute Land and Sea 

CHECKLISTS:

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist .........................................1-iii 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist..........................................1-v 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLES: 

 Powered Parachute Land ......................................................1-vii 

 Powered Parachute Sea.........................................................1-ix 

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION.................................................. 1-1 

A. Certificates and Documents (PPL and PPS) ................... 1-1 

B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPL and PPS)................... 1-1 

C. Weather Information (PPL and PPS)............................... 1-2 

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPL and PPS)................ 1-2 

E. National Airspace System (PPL and PPS) ...................... 1-3 

F. Operation of Systems (PPL and PPS)............................. 1-3 

G. Aeromedical Factors (PPL and PPS)............................... 1-4 

H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPS)..................... 1-4 

I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine 

 Navigation (PPS) ........................................................... 1-5 

J. Performance and Limitations (PPL and PPS).................. 1-5 

K. Principles of Flight (PPL and PPS) .................................. 1-5 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES .................................................. 1-6 

A. Preflight Inspection (PPL and PPS)................................. 1-6 

B. Canopy Layout (PPL and PPS) ....................................... 1-6 

C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPL and PPS)....................... 1-6 

D. Cockpit Management (PPL and PPS).............................. 1-7 

E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPL)....................................... 1-7 

F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPS)................................................ 1-8 

G. Before Takeoff Check (PPL and PPS)............................. 1-8 

 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS................ 1-9 

A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 (PPL and PPS)................................................................. 1-9 

B. Traffic Patterns (PPL and PPS) ....................................... 1-9 

C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway 

 Signs, Markings, and Lighting (PPL and PPS) ................ 1-9 
FAA-S-8081-32 1-ii Section 1

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ................... 1-10 

A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPL and PPS).................... 1-10 

 B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPL and PPS)............. 1-11 

C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS)......................... 1-12 

D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPS).................. 1-12 

E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS) ......................... 1-13 

F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPS) .................. 1-13 

G. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (PPL and PPS) ............... 1-14 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER.............................................. 1-15 

A. Constant Attitude Turns (PPL and PPS)........................ 1-15 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ................................ 1-16 

 A. Rectangular Course (PPL and PPS).............................. 1-16 

B. S-Turns (PPL and PPS)................................................. 1-16 

C. Turns Around a Point (PPL and PPS)............................ 1-17 

VII. NAVIGATION......................................................................... 1-18 

A. Flight Preparation and Planning..................................... 1-18 

B. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ....................................... 1-18 

C. Diversion........................................................................ 1-18 

D. Lost Procedures............................................................. 1-19 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ............................................... 1-20 

A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) 

 (PPL and PPS)............................................................... 1-20 

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPL and PPS) . 1-20 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 (PPL and PPS)............................................................... 1-21 

IX. NIGHT OPERATION.............................................................. 1-22 

A. Night Preparation (PPL and PPS).................................. 1-22 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES.............................................. 1-23 

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPL and PPS)... 1-23 

B. Anchoring (PPS) ............................................................ 1-23 

C. Docking and Mooring (PPS) .......................................... 1-23

D. Ramping/Beaching (PPS) .............................................. 1-24 
Section 1 1-iii FAA-S-8081-32 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration 

Certificate, and Operating Limitations 

Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of Airworthiness 

Inspections and AD Compliance/Safety of Flight Reports 

Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM, AFD, and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

 Certificate and/or Rating 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner's Fee (if applicable) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-32 1-v 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

POWERED PARACHUTE LAND AND SEA 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents (PPL and PPS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Weather Information (PPL and PPS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPL and PPS) 

 E. National Airspace System (PPL and PPS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (PPL and PPS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (PPL and PPS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 to Marine Navigation (PPS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (PPL and PPS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (PPL and PPS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Preflight Inspection (PPL and PPS) 

 B. Canopy Layout (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPL and PPS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (PPL and PPS) 

 E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPL) 

 F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPS) 

 G. Before Takeoff Check (PPL and PPS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 (PPL and PPS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway 

 Signs, Markings, and Lighting (PPL and PPS) 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1 1-vi

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

 A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPL and PPS) 

 B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPS) 

 G. Go-around/Rejected Landing (PPL and PPS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

 A. Constant Attitude Turns (PPL and PPS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

A. Rectangular Course (PPL and PPS) 

 B. S-Turns (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (PPL and PPS) 

VII. NAVIGATION

 A. Flight Preparation and Planning 

 B. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 C. Diversion 

 D. Lost Procedures 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (PPL and 

 PPS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPL and PPS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (PPL and PPS) 

IX. NIGHT OPERATION 

 A. Night Preparation (PPL and PPS)

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPL and PPS) 

 B. Anchoring (PPS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (PPS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (PPS) 
ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TAB

Addition of a POW

E

R

E

D PARACHUTE LAND (PPL) R

Private Pilot Certificate or Higher Certifi

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each A

PRIVATE PIL

OT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF

OPERATION 

ASEL

A

SES AMEL A

MES RH RG Glider Balloo

I B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

K 

II All All All All All All All All 

III None None None None None None None Non

IV All All All All All All All All 

V All All All All All All All All 

Section 1 1-vii 
AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloo

VI A or 

B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or 

or C 

VII None None None None None None None Non

VIII A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B 

IX None None None None None None None Non

X A A A A A A A A 

NOTE 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan examiner may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. NOTE 2: The examiner shall select at least two takeoff and landings a

Section 1 1-viii 
ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TAB

Addition of a POWERED PARACHUTE SEA (PPS) RA

Private Pilot Certificate or Higher Certifi

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each A

PRIVATE PIL

OT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF

OPERATION 

ASEL

A

SES AMEL A

MES RH RG Glider Balloo

I B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F

H, I, 

K 

II All All All All All All All All 

III None None None None None None None Non

IV All All All All All All All All 

V All All All All All All All All 

Section 1 1-ix 
AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloo

VI A or 

B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or 

or C 

VII None None None None None None None Non

VIII A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B 

IX None None None None None None None Non

X All A All A All All All ALL 

Note 1: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan oexaminer may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. 

Note 2: The examiner shall select at least two takeoff and landings an

Section 1 1-x 
Section 1 1-1 FAA-S-8081-32 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM/FAA Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and 

currency requirements. 

b. medical certificate class and duration. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and flight 

manual information. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating 

Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day or night VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining if the aircraft, with 

 inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy or in 

 condition for safe operation. 

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight 

 permit. 

2. Explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives/safety of flight reports, compliance 

records. (As applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test.) 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record 

keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-2 1

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAA-H8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

information appropriate to the aircraft by analyzing the following 

weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources, such 

as— 

a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

b. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports. 

c. Other aviation sources of weather information. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather 

information. 

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation 

Charts; AFD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight 

planning appropriate to the aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions and 

equipment capabilities. 

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication 

frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, AFD, and other flight 

publications. 

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan. 
Section 1 1-3 FAA-S-8081-32 

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, and 

aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes of 

airspace— 

a. Class A. 

b. Class B. 

c. Class C. 

d. Class D. 

e. Class E. 

f. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the 

flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if 

applicable: 

1. Canopy/riser and control system. 

2. Flight instruments and engine instruments. 

3. Landing gear. 

4. Engine and propeller. 

5. Fuel, oil, electrical and coolant system (if liquid cooled). 

6. Avionics and auxiliary equipment, as installed. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-4 1

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications. 

2. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or 

passenger in flight. 

3. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least 

three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (PPS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining: 

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such 

as— 

a. size and location. 

b. protected and unprotected areas. 

c. surface wind. 

d. direction and strength of water current. 

e. floating and partially submerged debris. 

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals. 

g. vessel traffic and wakes. 

h. other features peculiar to the area. 

2. Float and hull construction and their effect on seaplane performance. 

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required to 

prevent or correct these occurrences. 
Section 1 1-5 FAA-S-8081-32 

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

 MARINE NAVIGATION (PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine 

navigation by explaining: 

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories. 

2. Operating restrictions at seaplane bases, if applicable. 

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane 

operation. 

4. Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, and sound 

signals. 

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the effects of temperature, altitude, 

humidity, and wind. 

2. Determines if weight and center of gravity is within limits. 

3. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the powered 

parachutes performance and limitations. 

4. Explains the effects and hazards of high winds, referencing the 

ground speed, high rates of turn, and power requirements on 

making downwind turns in close proximity to the ground. 

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of at least 

three (3) of the following aerodynamic principles: 

1. Aerodynamics with respect to steering. 

2. Propeller/Engine Torque Compensation. 

3. Pendulum effect in a powered parachute. 

4. Load factor effects in level flight and turns. 

5. Wing flaring characteristics. 

6. Stability and controllability. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-6 1

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. 

This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for 

checking each item, and how to detect possible defects. 

2. Inspects the powered parachute with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Ensures that risers are properly attached and the chute is properly 

trimmed. 

4. Verifies the powered parachute is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: CANOPY LAYOUT (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of canopy layout. 

2. Verifies that canopy and riser system is laid out properly and in 

condition for inflation. 

3. Verifies suspension and steering lines are not tangled or twisted. 

C. TASK: ENGINE WARM UP/STARTING (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

engine starting/warm up procedures. 

2. Positions the powered parachute properly considering structures, 

surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons 

and property. 
Section 1 1-7 FAA-S-8081-32 

D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit management 

procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and on each occupant 

removed, stowed, or secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they 

are readily available. 

4. Briefs occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, 

methods of egress, and other emergency procedures. 

E. TASK: TAXIING (CANOPY INFLATED) (PPL) 

REFERENCES: PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of taxiing with canopy inflated. 

2. Positions powered parachute properly for existing wind conditions. 

3. Monitors position and shape of canopy/riser system during taxi. 

4. Centers the parachute using power and steering as required. 

5. Avoids other aircraft and ground hazards. 

6. Controls direction and speed for 100 feet of forward movement. 

7. Completes proper engine shutdown and canopy deflation 

procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-8 1

F. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; USCG Navigation Rules; InternationalInland; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and sailing 

procedures. 

2. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the canopy 

transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag to water taxi 

position. 

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or sailing 

considering wind, water current, water conditions, and maritime 

regulations. 

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder(s), and power correctly so as to 

follow the desired course while sailing. 

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards. 

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances. 

G. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff 

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and 

how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Reviews takeoff performance, takeoff distances, departure, and 

emergency procedures. 

3. Positions the powered parachute properly considering wind, other 

aircraft and surface conditions. 

4. Ensures that engine temperature and pressure are suitable for runup and takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the powered 

parachute is in a safe operating condition. 

6. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic. 
Section 1 1-9 FAA-S-8081-32 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE 

 OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS 

 (PPL and PPS) 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested 

orally for procedures ONLY. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications 

and ATC light signals. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-66; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns and 

shall include procedures at airports with and without operating 

control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, 

wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate 

airspeed, ±10 knots, if applicable. 

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE RUNWAY AND 

 TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane 

base, markings, and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion 

avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base, markings 

and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-10 1

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-

 AROUNDS 

A. TASK: NORMAL TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal takeoff and 

climb operations and rejected takeoff procedures. 

2. Clears the area. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the canopy 

transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag to taxi 

position. 

5. Checks canopy, ensuring that all end cells are fully inflated and 

canopy is centered, lines are free and unobstructed and in condition 

for takeoff. 

6. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the throttle 

smoothly to takeoff power. (PPS) 

7. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude 

and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (PPS) 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 

10. Complies with noise abatement procedures. 
Section 1 1-11 FAA-S-8081-32 

B. TASK: NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING (PPL and PPS) 

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of minimizing crosswind elements 

shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal approach 

and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (PPS) 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and 

selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration 

and adjusts power as required. 

5. Maintains a stabilized approach. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the flair 

and touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (PPS) 

8. Touches down smoothly. (PPS) 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence and touchdown. 

10. Completes proper engine shutdown and canopy deflation 

procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-12 1

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff 

and climb. 

2. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions. 

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle 

smoothly to takeoff power. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and 

increases in water drag. 

5. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift the powered parachute from 

the water considering surface conditions. 

6. Establishes proper attitude. 

7. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of 

climb is established. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding 

terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration, 

and adjusts power as required. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to 

maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude. 

8. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 
Section 1 1-13 FAA-S-8081-32 

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff 

and climb. 

2. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

wind, swells surface hazards, and/or vessels. 

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle 

smoothly to takeoff power. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or 

excessive bouncing. 

5. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of 

climb is established. 

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water approach 

and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding 

terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration, 

and adjusts power as required. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control inputs during 

the roundout and touch down. 

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, considering the type 

of rough water. 

8. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 

G. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (PPL and PPS) 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-14 1

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual, POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/rejected 

landing. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies takeoff power immediately. 

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, after a positive rate of 

climb is established. (PPS) 

5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid 

conflicting traffic, if appropriate. 

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the climb. 
Section 1 1-15 FAA-S-8081-32 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

A. TASK: CONSTANT ATTITUDE TURNS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to constant attitude 

turns. 

2. Plans the maneuver no lower than 200 feet AGL. 

3. Rolls into a constant bank 360° turn. 

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the 

examiner. 

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and 

orientation. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-16 1

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course. 

2. Selects a suitable reference area, considering all obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet above 

ground level, at an appropriate distance from the selected 

reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and-turning 

flight to maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular 

reference area. 

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line, considering all obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet above 

ground level, perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn 

on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference 

line. 

6. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 
Section 1 1-17 FAA-S-8081-32 

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; PPC Training Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference point, considering all obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet above 

ground level, at an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn 

around the selected reference point. 

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-18 1

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of this AREA OF OPERATION will be 

evaluated through oral testing. 

A. TASK: FLIGHT PREPARATION AND PLANNING (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight preparations 

and planning. 

2. Selects and uses current and appropriate aeronautical charts. 

3. Plots a course and selects prominent en route checkpoints. 

4. Describes coordination procedures with air traffic control, as 

appropriate. 

B. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead 

reckoning, as appropriate. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols. 

4. Verifies the powered parachutes position with 3 nautical miles of the 

flight-planned route. 

5. Determines there is sufficient fuel to complete the planned flight, if 

not, has an alternate plan. 

6. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°. 

C. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and 

route. 

3. Determines there is sufficient fuel to fly to the alternate airport 

or landing area. 

4. Turns to and establishes a course to the selected alternate 

destination. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings, 

±15°. 
Section 1 1-19 FAA-S-8081-32 

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for 

assistance, as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-20 1

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) 

 (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach 

and landing procedures. 

2. Analyzes the situation and selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area 

considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. 

4. Prepares for landing or go-around, as specified by the examiner. 

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

 (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications, 

and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated 

emergencies appropriate to the powered parachute provided for the 

practical test for at least three (3) of the following: 

a. partial or complete power loss. 

b. engine roughness or overheat. 

c. carburetor or induction icing. 

d. fuel starvation. 

e. electrical malfunction. 

f. flight instrument malfunctions. 

g. pitot/ static. 

h. landing gear malfunction. 

i. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire. 

j. Inadvertent prop strike. 

k. any other emergency appropriate to the powered parachute. 

3. Follows the appropriate checklist or procedure. 
Section 1 1-21 FAA-S-8081-32 

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

 (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment appropriate to the aircraft used for the practical test by 

describing— 

a. purpose of such equipment. 

b. location in the aircraft. 

c. method of operation. 

d. servicing requirements. 

e. method of safe storage. 

2. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to survival gear by 

describing— 

a. survival gear appropriate for operation in various climatological 

and topographical environments. 

b. location in the aircraft. 

c. method of operation. 

d. servicing requirements. 

e. method of safe storage. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-22 1

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATION 

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to night operations by explaining: 

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways, 

obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting.

3. Aircraft lighting systems.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.
Section 1 1-23 FAA-S-8081-32 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and for PPS applicants at least 

one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING 

 (PPL and PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH /AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking, 

and securing procedures. 

2. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings and 

lighting. 

3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

5. Protects canopy/riser system from the hot engine while 

stowing/securing. 

B. TASK: ANCHORING (PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring. 

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering powered 

parachute movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather 

changes. 

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength 

and length to ensure powered parachute security. 

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring. 

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction 

considering speed hazards, wind, and water current. 

3. Ensures powered parachute security. 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 1-24 1

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (PPS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; PPC Training Manual; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching. 

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property, in 

the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering water 

depth, tide, current, and wind. 

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the powered parachute in a manner 

that will protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and 

changes in water level. 
SECTION 2 

PRIVATE PILOT 

WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

(WSCL and WSCS) 
2-i FAA-S-8081-XX 

CONTENTS

CHECKLISTS:

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................2-v 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 2-vii 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLES: 

 Weight Shift Control Land.......................................................2-ix 

 Weight Shift Control Sea ........................................................2-xi 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION.................................................. 2-1 

A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) ............ 2-1 

B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS) ........... 2-1 

C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS)........................ 2-2 

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS) ........ 2-2 

E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) ............... 2-3 

F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS)...................... 2-3 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS) ....................... 2-4 

H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS) ................. 2-4 

I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to 

 Marine Navigation (WSCS).............................................. 2-5 

J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS)........... 2-5 

K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS)........................... 2-6 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES .................................................. 2-7 

A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS)......................................... 2-7 

B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) .................................... 2-7 

C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS).......................... 2-8 

D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) ...................... 2-8 

E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS)................................ 2-8 

F. Taxiing (WSCL)................................................................ 2-9 

G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) ............................................ 2-9 

H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS).................... 2-10 
FAA-S-8081-XX 2-ii

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS.............. 2-11 

A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-11 

B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) .............................. 2-11 

C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway 

 Signs, Markings, and Lighting (WSCL and WSCS) ....... 2-11

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ................... 2-12 

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-12 

B. Power-On and Crosswind Approach and Landing 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-13 

C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) ..................... 2-14 

D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) .............. 2-15 

E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) ..................... 2-16 

F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) .............. 2-17 

G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS)........ 2-18 

H. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS)........ 2-18 

 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ........................................... 2-19 

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS)................................... 2-19 

B. Energy Management (WSCL and WSCS) ..................... 2-19 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ................................ 2-20

A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS) ...................... 2-20 

B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS).......................................... 2-20 

C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) .................... 2-21 

VII. NAVIGATION......................................................................... 2-22 

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning........................................ 2-22 

B. Diversion ........................................................................ 2-22 

C. Lost Procedures ............................................................. 2-22 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS............................................... 2-23 

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS).... 2-23 

 B. Power-Off Stalls (WSCL and WSCS)............................. 2-23 

C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-24 

 
2-iii FAA-S-8081-XX 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ............................................... 2-25

A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-25 

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-25 

C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-26 

X. NIGHT OPERATION.............................................................. 2-27 

A. Night Preparation (WSCL and WSCS) .......................... 2-27 

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES.............................................. 2-28 

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ....................................................... 2-28 

B. Anchoring (WSCS)......................................................... 2-28 

C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS)....................................... 2-29 

D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS) .......................................... 2-29 
Section 2 2-v FAA-S-8081-32 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration 

Certificate, and Operating Limitations 

Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of Airworthiness 

Inspections and AD Compliance/Safety of Flight Reports 

Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM, AFD, and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

 Certificate and/or Rating 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner's Fee (if applicable) 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-32 2-vii 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine 

 Navigation (WSCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Taxiing (WSCL) 

 G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway 

 Signs, Markings, and Lighting (WSCL and WSCS) 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Power-On and Crosswind Approach and Landing (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 
FAA-S-8081-32 Section 2 2-viii

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Energy Management (WSCL and WSCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

 A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Diversion 

 C. Lost Procedures 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

 A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Power-off Stalls (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness (WSCL and WSCS) 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL and WSCS) 

X. NIGHT OPERATION 

 A. Night Preparation (WSCL and WSCS) 

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Anchoring (WSCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS) 
Section 2 2-ix 

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TAB

Addition of a WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL LAND (WSCL) 

Private Pilot Certificate or Higher Certifi

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each A

PRIVATE PILOT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloo

I B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

K 

II A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B, 

C, D, 

E, F, 

H 

A, B

C, D

E, F, 

III None None None None None None None Non

IV A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B, 

G, H 

A, B

G, H 

V A A A A A A A A 
AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloo

VI A or 

B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or 

or C 

VII None None None None None A A A 

VIII All All All All All All All All 

IX A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B 

X None None None None None None None Non

XI A A A A A A A A 

NOTE: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan oexaminer may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System. NOTE 2: The examiner shall select at least two takeoff and landings a

Section 2 2-x 
ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TAB

Addition of a WEIGHT S

HIFT CONTROL SEA (WS

C

S) R

Private Pilot Certificate or Higher Certifi

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(

of the TASKs must be tested based on the notes in each A

PRIVATE PIL

OT RATING(S) HELD 

AREAS OF

OPERATION 

ASEL

A

SES AMEL A

MES RH RG Glider Balloo

I B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F, 

H, I, 

J, K 

B, F

H, I, 

K 

II All All All All All All All All 

III None None None None None None None Non

IV All All All All All All All All 

V A A A A A A A A 

Section 2 2-xi 
AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL ASES AMEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloo

VI A or 

B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or B or 

C 

A or 

or C 

VII None None None None None A A A 

VIII All All All All All All All All 

IX A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B A, B 

X None None None None None None None Non

XI All A All A All All All All 

NOTE: This table is used by the examiner in developing his/her plan oexaminer may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that he/she operate the aircraft in the National Airspace System. NOTE 2: The examiner shall select at least two takeoff and landings a

Section 2 2-xii 
Section 2 2-1 FAA-S-8081-32 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-

25; POH/AFM/FAA Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, 

and currency requirements. 

b. medical certificate class and duration. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

flight manual information. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating 

Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of 

aircraft with inoperative instruments and equipment. 

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight 

permit. 

2. Explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives/safety of flight reports, compliance 

records. (As applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test.) 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate 

record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-2 Section 2 

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAAH-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

information appropriate to the aircraft by analyzing the following 

weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources, 

such as— 

a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

b. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports. 

c. other aviation sources of weather information. 

d. Micrometeorology, gust fronts, rotors, and terrain features. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; 

Navigation Charts; AFD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight 

planning appropriate to the aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions 

and equipment capabilities. 

6. Determines headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and 

communication frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, AFD, and other 

flight publications. 

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan. 
Section 2 2-3 FAA-S-8081-32 

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, 

and aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes of 

airspace— 

a. Class A. 

b. Class B. 

c. Class C. 

d. Class D. 

e. Class E. 

f. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for 

the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if 

applicable: 

1. Flight controls and trim. 

2. Water rudders, if applicable. 

3. Powerplant and propeller, if applicable. 

4. Landing gear. 

5. Fuel, oil, hydraulic, and coolant system (if liquid cooled). 

6. Electrical. 

7. Avionics and auxiliary equipment (if installed). 

8. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, 

as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-4 Section 2 

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter 

medications. 

2. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot 

or passenger in flight. 

3. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining: 

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, 

such as— 

a. size and location. 

b. protected and unprotected areas. 

c. surface wind. 

d. direction and strength of water current. 

e. floating and partially submerged debris. 

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals. 

g. vessel traffic and wakes. 

h. other features peculiar to the area. 

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane 

performance. 

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required 

to prevent or correct these occurrences. 
Section 2 2-5 FAA-S-8081-32 

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

MARINE NAVIGATION (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine 

navigation by explaining: 

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in 

directories. 

2. Operating restrictions at seaplane bases, if applicable. 

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane 

operation. 

4. Marine navigation aids such as buoys, beacons, lights, and 

sound signals. 

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables and data, if 

appropriate, to determine performance and the adverse effects 

of exceeding limitations. 

2. Exhibits knowledge of the center of gravity on weight shift 

control performance. 

3. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the weight 

shift control performance. 

4. Explains the effects and hazards of high wind, referencing the 

ground speed, high rates of turn and power requirements on 

making downwind turns in close proximity to the ground. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-6 Section 2 

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AFM/POH. 

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of basic 

aerodynamics and principles of flight including: 

1. Forces acting on a weight shift control in various flight 

maneuvers. 

2. Weight shift control stability and controllability. 

3. Loads and load factors. 

4. Angle of attack, stalls and stall recovery, including flight 

situations in which unintentional stalls may occur. 

5. Effects and use of flight controls including the purpose of each 

control and proper technique for use. 
Section 2 2-7 FAA-S-8081-32 

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If, in the judgment of the examiner, the demonstration of the 

WSC assembly is impractical, competency may be determined by oral 

testing. 

REFERENCES: POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the assembly 

procedures following the manufacturers procedures. 

2. Selects a suitable assembly area and provides sufficient 

crewmembers for assembly. 

3. Follows the appropriate checklist. 

4. Uses proper tools. 

5. Handles components properly. 

6. Cleans and lubricates parts, as appropriate. 

7. Accounts for all tools and parts at the completion of assembly. 

8. Performs post-assembly inspections, including a control check. 

B. TASK: WING TUNING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to wing tuning 

procedures. 

2. Describes the correct procedures for tuning the wing to fly 

straight. 

3. Describes the correct procedures for tuning the wing to fly faster 

or slower. 

4. Exhibits knowledge of the relationship between speed and 

stability with regard to wing tuning. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-8 Section 2 

C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 61-84; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight 

inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, 

the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

defects. 

2. Inspects the weight shift control aircraft with reference to an 

appropriate checklist. 

3. Verifies the weight shift control aircraft is in condition for safe 

flight. 

D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and on each occupant are 

removed, stowed, or secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so 

they are readily available. 

4. Briefs occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, 

doors, and emergency procedures. 

E. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

engine starting procedures. 

2. Positions the weight shift control aircraft properly considering 

structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of 

nearby persons and property. 
Section 2 2-9 FAA-S-8081-32 

F. TASK: TAXIING (WSCL) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi 

procedures. 

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the weight shift 

control aircraft begins moving. 

3. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind 

conditions. 

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 

5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC 

clearances, and instructions. 

6. Taxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards. 

G. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; USCG Navigation Rules; 

International-Inland; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxiing and 

sailing procedures. 

2. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind 

conditions. 

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxi or 

sailing considering wind, water current, water conditions and 

maritime regulations. 

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder, and power correctly so as to 

follow the desired course while sailing. 

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards. 

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-10 Section 2 

H. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff 

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item 

and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the weight shift control aircraft properly considering 

other aircraft/vessels, wind and surface conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the 

weight shift control aircraft is in safe operating condition. 

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, 

departure, and emergency procedures. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic 

prior to taxiing into takeoff position. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 2 2-11 FAA-S-8081-32 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE 

 OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS 

(WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested 

orally for procedures ONLY.

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications 

and ATC light signals. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-66; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns and 

shall include procedures at airports with and without operating 

control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, 

wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate 

airspeed, ±10 knots, if applicable. 

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE RUNWAY AND 

 TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane 

base, markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion 

avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base 

markings and lighting.
FAA-S-8081-32 2-12 Section 2 

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-

 AROUNDS 

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's 

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind takeoff and climb operations and rejected takeoff 

procedures. 

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 

3. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the 

weight shift control aircraft on the runway center/takeoff path. 

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the 

throttle smoothly to takeoff power. (WSCS) 

5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off 

attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (WSCS) 

6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to 

appropriate climb speed. 

7. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain appropriate climb 

speed +10/-5 knots or speed recommended by the POH/AFM 

to maintain control if you have a power failure. 

8. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive 

rate of climb is established. (WSCS) 

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 
Section 2 2-13 FAA-S-8081-32 

B. TASK: POWER-ON AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND 

 LANDING (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's 

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and 

crosswind approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (WSCS) 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, 

and selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and 

power, as required. 

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during 

the roundout and touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (WSCS) 

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCL) 

9. Touches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, 

with no drift, and with the weight shift control aircraft's flight 

path aligned with and over the runway center/landing path. 

10. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing sequence. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-14 Section 2 

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

takeoff and climb. 

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing conditions. 

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path 

considering surface hazards and/or vessels and surface 

conditions. 

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the 

throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and 

increases in water drag. 

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift aircraft from the water 

considering surface conditions. 

7. Establishes proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerates to best 

climb or speed recommended by the POH/AFM, +10/-5 knots 

during the climb. 

8. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive 

rate of climb is established. (WSCS) 

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 
Section 2 2-15 FAA-S-8081-32 

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, 

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and 

power, as required. 

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended 

approach airspeed, or speed recommended by the POH/AFM, 

+10/-5 knots and maintains a touchdown pitch attitude and 

descent rate from the last altitude reference until touchdown. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control 

adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of 

descent to touchdown. 

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude and slows to idle 

taxi speed. 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing sequence. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-16 Section 2 

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

takeoff and climb. 

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing conditions. 

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

wind, swells surface hazards, and/or vessels. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or 

excessive bouncing. 

5. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to best climb or 

speed recommended by the POH/AFM, +10/-5 knots before 

leaving ground effect. 

6. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate 

of climb is established. (WSCS) 

7. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 
Section 2 2-17 FAA-S-8081-32 

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, 

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and 

power, as required. 

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended 

approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots with wind gust factor applied. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control 

application during the roundout and touch down. 

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper 

airspeed, considering the type of rough water. 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing sequence. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-18 Section 2 

G. TASK: STEEP APPROACH TO A LANDING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach 

to a landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface and 

obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point. 

3. Demonstrates effective use of controls at the point from which a 

landing can be made using steep approach techniques. 

4. Establishes a ground track aligned with the runway centerline 

and an airspeed, which results in minimum float during the 

roundout. 

5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the 

recovery from the maneuvers, the roundout, and the 

touchdown. 

6. Touches down smoothly at an appropriate speed, at or within 

400 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the 

weight shift aircraft’s ground track aligned with and over the 

runway centerline. 

7. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing. 

H. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a goaround/rejected landing. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch 

attitude for best climb and maintains appropriate climb or speed 

recommended by the POH/AFM +10/-5 knots. 

4. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate 

of climb is established. (WSCS) 

5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and 

avoid conflicting traffic. 

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the climb. 
Section 2 2-19 FAA-S-8081-32 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns. 

2. Establishes the manufacturers recommended airspeed. 

3. Rolls into a 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank. 

4. Performs the task in opposite direction, as specified by the 

examiner. 

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and orientation. 

6. Maintains the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, 

bank ±10°, and rolls out on the entry heading ±10°.

B. TASK: ENERGY MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements o energy management.

2. Coordinates power and pitch control in flight. 

3. Controls altitude with coordinated power and pitch control. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-20 Section 2 

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE 

MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects a suitable reference area. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 400 to 

800 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected 

reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 400 to 800 feet AGL, 

perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected 

reference line. 

6. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
Section 2 2-21 FAA-S-8081-32 

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference point. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 400 to 800 feet 

AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn around the selected reference point. 

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-22 Section 2 

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead 

reckoning, as appropriate. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the gyroplane’s position with 3 nautical miles of the 

flight-planned route. 

5. Determines there is sufficient fuel to complete the planned flight, 

if not, has an alternate plan. 

6. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings, 

±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCES: FAA-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and 

route. 

3. Determines there is sufficient fuel to fly to the alternate airport or 

landing area. 

4. Turns to and establishes a course to the selected alternate 

destination. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, +200 feet and headings, +

15. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC 

facility for assistance, as appropriate.
Section 2 2-23 FAA-S-8081-32 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS 

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering 

during slow flight. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed 

no lower than 1,000 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes and maintains a minimum flying airspeed. 

4. Accomplishes straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and 

descents specified by the examiner. 

5. Divides attention between weight shift control aircraft control 

and orientation. 

6. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet; specified heading, 

±10°; airspeed, +10/−5 knots and specified angle of bank, ±10°. 

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed 

no lower than 1,000 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing 

configuration, as specified by the examiner. Transitions 

smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch 

attitude that will induce a stall. 

4. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains 

a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°; in turning 

flight, while inducing the stall. 

5. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by 

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power 

to maximum allowable, and leveling the wing to return to a 

straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude 

appropriate for the weight shift control aircraft. 

6. Repositions the landing gear, if retractable, after a positive rate 

of climb is established. (WSCS) 

7. Accelerates to normal speed; returns to the altitude, heading, 

and airspeed specified by the examiner. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-24 Section 2 

C. TASK: WHIP STALL AND TUMBLE AWARENESS 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: The applicant's knowledge of whipstall and tumble awareness 

shall be evaluated through oral testing only. 

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to whip stall and tumble awareness by explaining: 

1. Elements related to whip stalls and tumbles. 

2. Flight situations where unintentional whip stalls and tumbles 

may occur. 

3. The techniques used to avoid whipstalls and tumbles. 

4. The likely results of executing a whip stall or tumble. 
Section 2 2-25 FAA-S-8081-32 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

approach and landing procedures. 

2. Establishes and maintains the recommended best glide and 

airspeed, ±10 knots. 

3. Selects a suitable landing area. 

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area 

considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. 

5. Prepares for landing, or go-around, as specified by the examiner. 

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

indications and pilot actions for various systems and equipment 

malfunctions system and equipment malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated 

emergencies appropriate to the weight shift control aircraft 

provided for the practical test for at least three (3) of the following: 

a. partial or complete power loss. 

b. engine roughness or overheat. 

c. carburetor or induction icing. 

d. loss of oil pressure. 

e. fuel starvation. 

f. electrical malfunction. 

g. flight instruments malfunction. 

h. pitot/static. 

i. landing gear malfunction. 

j. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire. 

k. inadvertent prop strike. 

l. any other emergency appropriate to the weight shift aircraft. 

3. Follows the appropriate procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-26 Section 2 

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

 (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment appropriate to the aircraft used for the practical test 

by describing— 

a. purpose of such equipment. 

b. location in the aircraft. 

c. method of operation. 

d. servicing requirements. 

e. method of safe storage. 

2. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to survival gear by 

describing— 

a. survival gear appropriate for operation in various 

climatological and topographical environments. 

b. location in the aircraft. 

c. method of operation. 

d. servicing requirements. 

e. method of safe storage. 
Section 2 2-27 FAA-S-8081-32 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATION 

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to night operations by explaining: 

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision. 

2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways, 

obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting. 

3. Aircraft lighting systems. 

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight. 

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques. 

6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying. 
FAA-S-8081-32 2-28 Section 2 

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and for WSCS applicants 

at least one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, 

parking and securing procedures. 

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating 

to an appropriate speed. 

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings 

and lighting. 

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the 

aircraft wing while exiting the aircraft, and properly securing the 

aircraft in high wind conditions. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

B. TASK: ANCHORING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring. 

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane 

movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. 

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient 

strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security. 
Section 2 2-29 FAA-S-8081-32 

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and 

mooring. 

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction 

considering speed hazards, wind, and water current. 

3. Ensures seaplane security. 

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

ramping/beaching. 

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property, 

in the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering 

water depth, tide, current, and wind. 

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the seaplane in a manner that will 

protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in 

water level.