67712 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Fish and Wildlife Service 

50 CFR Part 17 

RIN 1018–AU80 

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife 

and Plants; Designation of Critical 

Habitat for Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley 

sandwort), Castilleja cinerea (ash-gray 

Indian paintbrush), and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

(southern mountain wild-buckwheat) 

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Interior. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service (Service), propose to 

designate critical habitat for Arenaria 

ursina (Bear Valley sandwort), Castilleja 

cinerea (ash-gray Indian paintbrush), 

and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum (southern mountain 

wild-buckwheat) under the Endangered 

Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). 

In total approximately 1,511 acres (ac) 

(611 hectares (ha)) of land in San 

Bernardino County, California, fall 

within the boundaries of the proposed 

critical habitat designation for these 

three plant species. The majority of the 

lands within the proposed designation 

are under Federal ownership (1,394 ac 

(564 ha)); however, some State (4 ac (2 

ha)) and private lands (112 ac (45 ha)) 

are also included. 

DATES: We will accept comments from 

all interested parties until January 22, 

2007. We must receive requests for 

public hearings, in writing, at the 

address shown in the ADDRESSES section 

by January 8, 2007. 

ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment on 

the proposed rule, you may submit your 

comments and materials identified by 

RIN 1018–AU80, by any of the following 

methods: 

(1) You may send comments by 

electronic mail (e-mail) to 

fw8cfwocomments@fws.gov. Include 

‘‘RIN 1018–AU80’’ in the subject line. 

(2) You may fax your comments to Jim 

Bartel, Field Supervisor, Carlsbad Fish 

and Wildlife Office at 760–431–9624. 

(3) You may mail or hand-deliver 

your written comments and information 

to Jim Bartel, Field Supervisor, Carlsbad 

Fish and Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden 

Valley Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011. 

(4) You may submit your comments at 

the Federal eRulemaking Portal, http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

Comments and materials received, as 

well as supporting documentation used 

in the preparation of this proposed rule, 

will be available for public inspection, 

by appointment, during normal business 

hours at the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife 

Office at the above address (telephone 

760–431–9440). 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim 

Bartel, Field Supervisor, Carlsbad Fish 

and Wildlife Office, at the address or 

telephone number listed under 

ADDRESSES. Persons who use a 

telecommunications device for the deaf 

(TDD) may call the Federal Information 

Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339, 

24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Public Comments Solicited 

We intend that any final action 

resulting from this proposal will be as 

accurate and as effective as possible. 

Therefore, comments or suggestions 

from the public, other concerned 

governmental agencies, the scientific 

community, industry, or any other 

interested party concerning this 

proposed rule are hereby solicited. 

Comments particularly are sought 

concerning: 

(1) The reasons any habitat should or 

should not be determined to be critical 

habitat as provided by section 4 of the 

Act, including whether the benefit of 

designation will outweigh any threats to 

the species due to designation. 

(2) Specific information on the 

amount and distribution of Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum habitat, 

and what areas that were occupied at 

the time of listing that contain features 

essential for the conservation of the 

species should be included in the 

designation and why, and what areas 

that were not occupied at the time of 

listing are essential to the conservation 

of the species and why. 

(3) Land use designations and current 

or planned activities in the subject areas 

and their possible impacts on proposed 

critical habitat. 

(4) Any foreseeable economic, 

national security, or other potential 

impacts resulting from the proposed 

designation and, in particular, any 

impacts on small entities. 

(5) Whether our approach to 

designating critical habitat could be 

improved or modified in any way to 

provide for greater public participation 

and understanding, or to assist us in 

accommodating public concerns and 

comments. 

If you wish to comment, you may 

submit your comments and materials 

concerning this proposal by any one of 

several methods (see ADDRESSES). Please 

submit e-mail comments to 

fw8cfwocomments@fws.gov. Please 

include ‘‘Attn: RIN 1018–AU80’’ in your 

e-mail subject line and your name and 

return address in the body of your 

message. If you do not receive a 

confirmation from the system that we 

have received your message, contact us 

directly by calling our Carlsbad Fish 

and Wildlife Office at phone number 

760–431–9440. Please note that 

comments must be received by the date 

specified in DATES in order to be 

considered. 

Our practice is to make comments, 

including names and home addresses of 

respondents, available for public review 

during regular business hours. 

Individual respondents may request that 

we withhold their names and home 

addresses, etc., but if you wish us to 

consider withholding this information, 

you must state this prominently at the 

beginning of your comments. In 

addition, you must present rationale for 

withholding this information. This 

rationale must demonstrate that 

disclosure would constitute a clearly 

unwarranted invasion of privacy. 

Unsupported assertions will not meet 

this burden. In the absence of 

exceptional, documentable 

circumstances, this information will be 

released. We will always make 

submissions from organizations or 

businesses, and from individuals 

identifying themselves as 

representatives of or officials of 

organizations or businesses, available 

for public inspection in their entirety. 

Role of Critical Habitat in Actual 

Practice of Administering and 

Implementing the Act 

Attention to and protection of habitat 

is paramount to successful conservation 

actions. The role that designation of 

critical habitat plays in protecting 

habitat of listed species, however, is 

often misunderstood. As discussed in 

more detail below in the discussion of 

exclusions under section 4(b)(2) of the 

Act, there are significant limitations on 

the regulatory effect of designation 

under section 7(a)(2) of the Act. In brief, 

(1) designation provides additional 

protection to habitat only where there is 

a federal nexus; (2) the protection is 

relevant only when, in the absence of 

designation, destruction or adverse 

modification of the critical habitat 

would in fact take place (in other words, 

other statutory or regulatory protections, 

policies, or other factors relevant to 

agency decision-making would not 

prevent the destruction or adverse 

modification); and (3) designation of 

critical habitat triggers the prohibition 

of destruction or adverse modification 

of that habitat, but it does not require 


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specific actions to restore or improve 

habitat. 

Currently, only 476 species, or 36 

percent of the 1,311 listed species in the 

United States under the jurisdiction of 

the Service, have designated critical 

habitat. We address the habitat needs of 

all 1,311 listed species through 

conservation mechanisms such as 

listing, section 7 consultations, the 

section 4 recovery planning process, the 

section 9 protective prohibitions of 

unauthorized take, section 6 funding to 

the States, the section 10 incidental take 

permit process, and cooperative, 

nonregulatory efforts with private 

landowners. The Service believes that it 

is these measures that may make the 

difference between extinction and 

survival for many species. 

In considering exclusions of areas 

proposed for designation, we evaluate 

the benefits of designation in light of 

Gifford Pinchot. In that case, the Ninth 

Circuit invalidated the Service’s 

regulation defining ‘‘destruction or 

adverse modification of critical habitat.’’

In response, on December 9, 2004, the 

Director issued guidance to be 

considered in making section 7 adverse 

modification determinations. This 

proposed critical habitat designation 

does not use the invalidated regulation 

in our consideration of the benefits of 

including areas in this proposed 

designation. The Service will carefully 

manage future consultations that 

analyze impacts to designated critical 

habitat, particularly those that appear to 

be resulting in an adverse modification 

determination. Such consultations will 

be reviewed by the Regional Office prior 

to finalizing to ensure that an adequate 

analysis has been conducted that is 

informed by the Director’s guidance. 

On the other hand, to the extent that 

designation of critical habitat provides 

protection, that protection can come at 

significant social and economic cost. In 

addition, the mere administrative 

process of designation of critical habitat 

is expensive, time-consuming, and 

controversial. The current statutory 

framework of critical habitat, combined 

with past judicial interpretations of the 

statute, make critical habitat the subject 

of excessive litigation. As a result, 

critical habitat designations are driven 

by litigation and courts rather than 

biology, and made at a time and under 

a timeframe that limits our ability to 

obtain and evaluate the scientific and 

other information required to make the 

designation most meaningful. 

In light of these circumstances, the 

Service believes that additional agency 

discretion would allow our focus to 

return to those actions that provide the 

greatest benefit to the species most in 

need of protection. 

Procedural and Resource Difficulties in 

Designating Critical Habitat 

We have been inundated with 

lawsuits for our failure to designate 

critical habitat, and we face a growing 

number of lawsuits challenging critical 

habitat determinations once they are 

made. These lawsuits have subjected the 

Service to an ever-increasing series of 

court orders and court-approved 

settlement agreements, compliance with 

which now consumes nearly the entire 

listing program budget. This leaves the 

Service with little ability to prioritize its 

activities to direct scarce listing 

resources to the listing program actions 

with the most biologically urgent 

species conservation needs. 

The consequence of the critical 

habitat litigation activity is that limited 

listing funds are used to defend active 

lawsuits, to respond to Notices of Intent 

to sue relative to critical habitat, and to 

comply with the growing number of 

adverse court orders. As a result, listing 

petition responses, the Service’s own 

proposals to list critically imperiled 

species, and final listing determinations 

on existing proposals are all 

significantly delayed. 

The accelerated schedules of courtordered designations have left the 

Service with limited ability to provide 

for public participation or to ensure a 

defect-free rulemaking process before 

making decisions on listing and critical 

habitat proposals, due to the risks 

associated with noncompliance with 

judicially imposed deadlines. This in 

turn fosters a second round of litigation 

in which those who fear adverse 

impacts from critical habitat 

designations challenge those 

designations. The cycle of litigation 

appears endless, and is very expensive, 

thus diverting resources from 

conservation actions that may provide 

relatively more benefit to imperiled 

species. 

The costs resulting from the 

designation include legal costs, the cost 

of preparation and publication of the 

designation, the analysis of the 

economic effects and the cost of 

requesting and responding to public 

comment, and in some cases the costs 

of compliance with the National 

Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (42 

U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). These costs, which 

are not required for many other 

conservation actions, directly reduce the 

funds available for direct and tangible 

conservation actions. 

Background 

This proposed rule addresses critical 

habitat for Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley 

sandwort), Castilleja cinerea (ash-gray 

Indian paintbrush), and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

(southern mountain wild-buckwheat) 

because they largely occupy the same 

habitat, referred to as pebble plain 

habitat. For additional information on 

the biology and ecology of these species, 

refer to the final rule listing them as 

threatened that was published in the 

Federal Register on September 14, 1998 

(63 FR 49006). It is our intention to 

discuss only those topics directly 

relevant to the designation of critical 

habitat in this proposed rule. 

Pebble Plain Habitat 

Pebble plains are characteristically 

treeless openings surrounded by 

montane pinyon-juniper woodland or 

coniferous forest. This ‘‘dry meadowlike’’ habitat, which occurs on clay soils 

covered with quartzite pebbles, is 

unique to the San Bernardino 

Mountains of San Bernardino County, 

California. Pebble plains are remnants of 

a Pleistocene lake bed (Derby 1979, pp. 

11–14; Krantz 1983, pp. 9–10). Pebble 

plains are the result of a combination of 

soil and climatic factors that support a 

unique assemblage of plant species, 

some of which are restricted endemics 

while others represent disjunct 

occurrences of species more common 

elsewhere (USFS 2002, p. 12). 

Pebble plain vegetation is comprised 

of various combinations of the 73 plant 

taxa recorded from pebble plains (USFS 

2002, p. 12). While Arenaria ursina and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum were the two indicator 

species that characterized pebble plains 

when they were first described as a 

unique habitat type (as pavement 

plains) (Derby 1979, p. 77), Ivesia 

argyrocoma (silver-haired ivesia) is also 

considered a strong indicator of pebble 

plain habitat (USFS 2002, p. 14). 

Castilleja cinerea is nearly restricted to 

pebble plain habitat but does occur in 

non-pebble plain habitat, such as upper 

montane coniferous forest, meadows, 

and pinyon-juniper woodland. These 

non-pebble plain areas lack either one 

or both of the two former indicator 

species and quartzite pebbles or cobbles. 

Each of the three listed pebble plains 

species has a natural mosaic 

distribution among the various pebble 

plain complexes. The distribution of 

each plant may change locally over time 

but generally extends throughout a 

pebble plain complex. The fact that 

these three plant taxa essentially occupy 

the same habitat is reflected here in the 


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description and mapping of the critical 

habitat units and subunits. In a study on 

the distribution of pebble plain plant 

species within three pebble plains in the 

San Bernardino Mountains, Derby 

(1979, p. 77–78) concluded that, while 

perennial plant species present on 

pebble plains tend toward evenly 

spaced overall distributions, some 

perennial species, including Arenaria 

ursina and Castilleja cinerea, are 

restricted to microhabitat niches within 

the habitat (such as on northwest 

exposures). Each of the pebble plain 

complexes identified by the Forest 

Service supports all three of the pebble 

plain species with five exceptions: 

Coxey Meadow, Rattlesnake, Grinnell 

Ridge, Snow Valley, and Sugarloaf 

Ridge (USFS 2002). Coxey Meadow and 

Rattlesnake complexes do not support 

any of the three listed species and are 

not proposed as critical habitat. Grinnell 

Ridge and Snow Valley complexes 

support only C. cinerea. Grinnell Ridge 

is not considered in this proposed 

designation because the area was last 

surveyed in 1994 and we are unable to 

determine whether the mapped area 

represents the species occurrence or the 

pebble plain boundary (Eliason 2006b, 

p. 1). Of the five pebble plain complexes 

mentioned above, only two, Snow 

Valley and Sugarloaf Ridge, are being 

proposed as critical habitat for C. 

cinerea and A. ursina , respectively. 

Pebble plain complexes were first 

described and delineated by Neal and 

Barrows (1990, p. 11) who grouped 

pebble plains that were clearly clustered 

and isolated from other complexes and 

presumed to have comparable origins. 

According to the final listing rule, nine 

pebble plain complexes were described 

at that time (Neel and Barrows 1990, pp. 

1–33): Arrastre/Union Flat, Big Bear 

Lake, Coxey Meadow, Gold Mountain, 

Holcomb Valley, North Baldwin Lake 

Onyx Ridge/Broom Flat, Sawmill, and 

South Baldwin Ridge/Erwin Lake. The 

final listing rule also discussed pebble 

plains in the Lost Creek area (within the 

area now referred to as the Grinnell 

Ridge Complex) and the Snow Valley 

Ski area (within the area now referred 

to as Snow Valley Complex). The 

Grinnell Ridge and Snow Valley areas 

were named as pebble plain complexes 

in 2002 (USFS 2002, p. 30, 53). Of the 

11 complexes discussed in the listing 

rule, all except Coxey Meadow were 

known to be occupied at that time 

(Table 1). 

Each of the three listed species was 

known to occur in the 1970s, prior to 

the time of listing, on pebble plains 

within the area now referred to as the 

Fawnskin Complex (CNDDB 1997a, 

1997b, 1997c) (#12 in Table 1). While 

this area was not identified in the final 

listing rule, we consider it to be 

occupied at the time of listing based on 

pre-listing occupancy records in our 

files. Since listing, two other pebble 

plain complexes have been identified 

and mapped—Rattlesnake and Sugarloaf 

Ridge (USFS 2002, p. 57, 66) (#13 and 

#14, respectively, in Table 1). However, 

only the Sugarloaf Ridge complex is 

known to be occupied by the species 

discussed in this proposed rule. 

Species Descriptions 

Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley sandwort) 

Arenaria ursina is a low tufted 

perennial plant in the Caryophyllaceae 

(pink) family. A. ursina produces seeds 

by selfing (self-pollinating) and 

entomophilous (insect-mediated) 

outcrossing (O’Brien 1979, p. 80). The 

seeds of Arenaria ursina are flat, 

reticulate, measure 2 millimeters (mm) 

(0.079 inches (in)) long, remain in open 

erect capsules for up to 2 months, and 

can bounce out of the capsule in a 

strong wind (O’Brien 1979, p. 81). Small 

syrphid flies and bees appear to be the 

primary insect pollinators for this 

species (O’Brien 1979, p. 82; Freas and 

Murphy 1990, p. 6). However, Freas and 

Murphy (1990, pp. 7, 8) state that there 

is no evidence indicating that either 

wind- or pollinator-mediated dispersal 

plays a role in gene flow between pebble 

plain sites. Therefore, it appears that 

species persistence in each pebble plain 

is regulated by internal processes. 

Arenaria ursina is found on pebble 

plains and dry slopes in pinyon and 

juniper woodland in the northeastern 

San Bernardino Mountains (63 FR 

49006; September 14, 1998). A. ursina 

has one of the most restricted ranges of 

any of the pebble plain restricted 

endemic plants, second only to 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. A. ursina exhibits a 

patchy distribution within pebble plains 

and appears to prefer areas with low 

levels of shade and leaf litter 

accumulation (Derby 1979, p. 42). 

Species associated with A. ursina 

include E. k. var. austromontanum, 

Antennaria dimorpha, Arabis parishii, 

Dudleya abramsii spp. affinis, and 

Ivesia argyrocoma (USFS 2002, p. 17). 

According to the final listing rule, 

Arenaria ursina was known from eight 

pebble plain complexes in the vicinity 

of Big Bear and Baldwin Lakes (63 FR 

49006). This species was also known to 

occur in the 1970s, prior to the time of 

listing, on pebble plains within the area 

now referred to as the Fawnskin 

Complex (CNDDB 1997a). As stated 

above, while this area was not identified 

in the final listing rule, we consider it 

to be occupied at the time of listing 

based on pre-listing occupancy records. 

Currently, A. ursina is known to occupy 

10 pebble plain complexes in the 

vicinity of Big Bear and Baldwin Lakes 

(USFS 2002, p. 90). This occupancy 

includes the Sugarloaf Ridge complex, 

which was found to be occupied by this 

species about 3 years ago, after the 2002 

Pebble Plain Management Guide was 

finalized (Eliason 2006a, p. 1). 

TABLE 1.—PEBBLE PLAIN COMPLEXES IN THE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, OCCUPIED AT THE TIME OF

LISTING (OTL), CURRENTLY OCCUPIED (CO), OR NOT KNOWN TO BE OCCUPIED AT THE TIME OF LISTING OR CURRENTLY (NO) FOR EACH OF THE THREE LISTED PEBBLE PLAIN SPECIES

[Pebble plain complex names follow USFS 2002] 

Pebble plain complex Arenaria ursina Castilleja cinerea 

Eriogonum 

kennedy var. 

austromontanum 

1 ................ Arrastre/Union Flat ............................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

2 ................ Big Bear Lake ....................................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

3 ................ Coxey Meadow ..................................................................... NO ............................... NO ............................... NO 

4 ................ Gold Mountain ...................................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

5 ................ Holcomb Valley ..................................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

6 ................ North Baldwin Lake .............................................................. OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

7 ................ Broom Flat (Onyx Ridge) ..................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... CO 

8 ................ Sawmill ................................................................................. OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

9 ................ South Baldwin Ridge/Erwin Lake ......................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

10 .............. Grinnell Ridge ....................................................................... ...................................... OTL.


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TABLE 1.—PEBBLE PLAIN COMPLEXES IN THE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, OCCUPIED AT THE TIME OF

LISTING (OTL), CURRENTLY OCCUPIED (CO), OR NOT KNOWN TO BE OCCUPIED AT THE TIME OF LISTING OR CURRENTLY (NO) FOR EACH OF THE THREE LISTED PEBBLE PLAIN SPECIES—Continued 

[Pebble plain complex names follow USFS 2002] 

Pebble plain complex Arenaria ursina Castilleja cinerea 

Eriogonum 

kennedy var. 

austromontanum 

11 .............. Snow Valley .......................................................................... ...................................... OTL, CO.

12 .............. Fawnskin ............................................................................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO ...................... OTL, CO 

13 .............. Rattlesnake ........................................................................... NO ............................... NO ............................... NO 

14 .............. Sugarloaf Ridge .................................................................... CO ............................... CO.

Castilleja cinerea (ash-gray paintbrush) 

Castilleja cinerea is a semi-parasitic 

perennial in the Scrophulariaceae 

(figwort) family. Recent taxonomic 

studies (Olmstead et al. 2001, p. 350) 

have placed the genus Castilleja and 

other plant genera formerly in the 

Scrophulariaceae into the 

Orobanchaceae (broomrape) family. 

This proposed rule includes a change to 

the list of Endangered and Threatened 

Plants at 50 CFR 17.12(h) to reflect this 

taxonomic change. This taxonomic 

change was explained by Olmstead 

(2002, pp. 13–22) and is accepted here. 

Known hosts for this root-parasite in 

pebble plain habitat include Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum, E. k. 

var. kennedyi, E. wrightii var. 

subscaposum, and in non-pebble plain 

meadow margin habitat include 

Artemisia tridentata, A. nova, and A. 

ludoviciana (USFS 2002, p. 92). All 

Castilleja species are parasitic, and this 

species is distinguished from other 

Castilleja in its range by short-haired 

stems and leaves, yellowish flowers, 

calyx lobes of equal length, and 

perennial nature (63 FR 49006; 

September 14, 1998). 

The seeds of Castilleja cinerea are 

loosely held in the open erect capsules, 

taking about a month to fall onto the 

ground after maturation. The dispersal 

agent (such as wind or foraging animals) 

for this species is unknown. Moreover, 

seeds are the product of self-pollinating 

outcrossing (O’Brien 1979, p. 67), and 

insect visitation does not appear 

significant for Castilleja species 

(Duffield 1972, pp. 110–114; O’Brien 

1979, p. 69; Freas and Murphy 1990, p. 

6). 

Castilleja cinerea is usually found on 

pebble plain habitat, but also occurs in 

other habitats including upper montane 

coniferous forest, meadows, and 

pinyon-juniper woodland (USFS 2002, 

pp. 17, 92). Species associated with C. 

cinerea on pebble plain habitat include 

Artemisia nova, Eriogonum kennedyi 

var. austromontanum, Erigeron 

aphanactis (fleabane daisy), and Poa 

secunda ssp. secunda (pine bluegrass) 

(USFS 2002, p. 17). 

According to the final listing rule (63 

FR 49006; September 14, 1998), 

Castilleja cinerea was known from 

fewer than 20 localities, mostly on 

pebble plains, but also from several 

localities in pine forest habitats near the 

Snow Valley Ski area, along Sugarloaf 

Ridge (part of the Sawmill Complex), 

and in the vicinity of Lost Creek (within 

the area now referred to as the Grinnell 

Ridge Complex). This species was also 

known in the 1970s, prior to the time of 

listing, to occur on pebble plains within 

the area now referred to as the Fawnskin 

Complex and in non-pebble plain 

meadow margin habitat adjacent to Big 

Bear and Baldwin lakes (CNDDB 1997b). 

While these areas were not identified in 

the final listing rule, we consider them 

to be occupied at the time of listing 

based on pre-listing occupancy records 

in our files (CNDDB 1997b). This 

species is now known to occur in 11 

pebble plain complexes (see Table 1 

above) and several non-pebble plain 

habitat areas (USFS 2002, p. 92). The 11 

pebble plain complexes include the 

Sugarloaf Ridge Complex, which was 

found to be occupied by this species 

about 3 years ago, after the 2002 Pebble 

Plain Management Guide was finalized 

(Eliason 2006a, p. 1). While the pebble 

plain in the Grinnell Ridge Complex 

was known to be occupied by Castilleja 

cinerea at the time of listing (Table 1), 

the area was last surveyed in 1994 and 

we are unable to determine whether the 

mapped area represents the species 

occurrence or the pebble plain boundary 

(Eliason 2006b, p. 1). Additional 

information is needed for us to 

determine if this area should be 

considered currently occupied by this 

species. 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum (southern mountain 

wild-buckwheat) 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum is a woody-based, 

cushion-like, perennial plant in the 

Polygonaceae (buckwheat family). This 

species is often confused with E. k. var. 

kennedyi, E. k. var. alpigenum, or E. 

wrightii spp. subscaposum, but it can be 

distinguished from these taxa by its 

longer, unbranched flower stalks, 

leaves, fruits, and involucres (63 FR 

49006; USFS 2002, pp. 93–94). 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum produces seeds by 

self-pollinating and insect-mediated 

outcrossing (O’Brien 1979, p. 97). 

Numerous types of wasps, bees, and 

flies have been recorded as pollinators 

on this plant (O’Brien 1979, p. 99; Freas 

and Murphy 1990, p. 6). This species 

produces single-seeded fruits, the 

majority of which remain at the base of 

the parent plant after falling off (O’Brien 

1979, p. 99). While Freas and Murphy 

(1990, pp. 7, 8) detected seeds of either 

E. k. var austromontanum or E. k. var. 

kennedyi in seed traps placed along 

pebble plain-forest edges, they state that 

there is no evidence indicating that 

either wind- or pollinator-mediated 

dispersal plays a role in gene flow 

between pebble plain sites. Therefore, it 

appears that species persistence in each 

pebble plain is regulated by internal 

processes. 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum has the most restricted 

range of any of the pebble plain 

restricted endemic plants, although it 

may be the dominant plant on pebble 

plains where it occurs. It was one of the 

taxa identified as characteristic of the 

unique pebble plain habitat first 

described by Derby (1979, p. 32). 

Although this taxon typically occupies 

clay soils with pebbles or cobbles, E. k. 

var. austromontanum also occurs on 

sandy, clay soils (e.g., Burnt Flat) or clay 

soils lacking pebbles or cobbles (e.g., 

areas at North Baldwin Lake) (USFS 

2002, p. 94). This species prefers areas 

with low levels of shade and leaf litter 

accumulation (Derby 1979, p. 42). 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum was known from 

seven pebble plain complexes at the 

time of listing (63 FR 49006; September 

14, 1998) (see Table 1 above). This 

species was also known in the 1970s, 

prior to the time of listing, to occur on 


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pebble plains within the area now 

referred to as the Fawnskin Complex 

(CNDDB 1997c). As stated above, while 

this area was not identified in the final 

listing rule, we consider it to be 

occupied at the time of listing based on 

pre-listing occupancy records in our 

files (CNDDB 1997c). The species is 

now known to occur in nine pebble 

plain complexes (see Table 1 above) 

including the Broom Flat Complex that 

was not known to be occupied by this 

species at the time of listing (USFS 

2002, pp. 62, 94). However, the Broom 

Flat complex was known to be occupied 

by Arenaria ursina and Castilleja 

cinerea at the time of listing. 

Threats to Pebble Plain Habitat 

Major threats to the listed pebble 

plains species include development on 

private lands, off-highway vehicle 

(OHV) use off of designated routes, road 

maintenance activities, ground 

disturbance that affects surface 

hydrology, mining activities, 

recreational activities, habitat 

fragmentation, and the invasion of 

nonnative Bromus tectorum 

(cheatgrass). See the ‘‘Special 

Management Considerations or 

Protection’’ section for further 

discussion of the threats to the listed 

pebble plains species. 

Previous Federal Actions 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, 

and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum were federally listed 

as threatened on September 14, 1998 (63 

FR 49006). These species are not 

currently listed as endangered, 

threatened, or rare by the State of 

California. At the time these plants were 

federally listed, the Service compared 

the value of designating critical habitat 

to the detrimental effects of increased 

collection, vandalism, and other human 

activities. The Service found, based on 

these factors, that designation of critical 

habitat for A. ursina, C. cinerea, and E. 

k. var. austromontanum was not 

prudent. On September 13, 2004, the 

Center for Biological Diversity and the 

California Native Plant Society filed a 

joint lawsuit challenging the Service’s 

failure to designate critical habitat for 

six California plant species, including 

A. ursina, C. cinerea, and E. k. var. 

austromontanum (Center for Biological 

Diversity, et al. v. Norton, No. ED CV– 

04–1150 RT (SGLx)). In an April 14, 

2005, settlement agreement, the Service 

agreed to submit to the Federal Register 

a proposed rule to designate critical 

habitat, if prudent, on or before 

November 9, 2006, and a final rule by 

November 9, 2007. This proposed rule 

complies with the April 14, 2005, 

settlement agreement. 

We have reconsidered our not 

prudent finding, and now believe that 

identification of primary constituent 

elements and essential areas (critical 

habitat designation) may provide 

educational information to individuals, 

local and State governments, and other 

entities. Because these species are so 

limited in their ecological and 

geographical ranges, and many of these 

pebble plains are adjacent to or bisected 

by classified and unclassified roads, 

most landowners and collectors have 

been aware of their presence since 

publication of the final listing rule in 

1998. We do not have any 

documentation that over-collection has 

increased significantly since these 

species were listed and now believe that 

the benefits of identifying essential 

habitat for these species outweighs the 

potential risk of over-collection. 

Critical Habitat 

Critical habitat is defined in section 3 

of the Act as—(i) the specific areas 

within the geographical area occupied 

by a species, at the time it is listed in 

accordance with the Act, on which are 

found those physical or biological 

features (I) essential to the conservation 

of the species and (II) that may require 

special management considerations or 

protection; and (ii) specific areas 

outside the geographical area occupied 

by a species at the time it is listed, upon 

a determination that such areas are 

essential for the conservation of the 

species. Conservation, as defined under 

section 3 of the Act means to use and 

the use of all methods and procedures 

which are necessary to bring any 

endangered species or threatened 

species to the point at which the 

measures provided pursuant to the Act 

are no longer necessary. Such methods 

and procedures include, but are not 

limited to, all activities associated with 

scientific resources management such as 

research, census, law enforcement, 

habitat acquisition and maintenance, 

propagation, live trapping, and 

transplantation, and, in the 

extraordinary case where population 

pressures within a given ecosystem 

cannot be otherwise relieved, may 

include regulated taking. 

Critical habitat receives protection 

under section 7 of the Act through the 

prohibition against destruction or 

adverse modification of critical habitat 

with regard to actions carried out, 

funded, or authorized by a Federal 

agency. Section 7 requires consultation 

on Federal actions that are likely to 

result in the destruction or adverse 

modification of critical habitat. The 

designation of critical habitat does not 

affect land ownership or establish a 

refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or 

other conservation area. Such 

designation does not allow government 

or public access to private lands. 

Section 7 is a purely protective measure 

and does not require implementation of 

restoration, recovery, or enhancement 

measures. 

To be included in a critical habitat 

designation, the habitat within the area 

occupied by the species must first have 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of the species. Critical 

habitat designations identify, to the 

extent known using the best scientific 

data available, habitat areas that provide 

essential life cycle needs of the species 

(i.e., areas on which are found the 

primary constituent elements, as 

defined at 50 CFR 424.12(b)). Habitat 

occupied at the time of listing may be 

included in critical habitat only if the 

essential features thereon may require 

special management considerations or 

protection. Areas outside of the 

geographic area occupied by the species 

at the time of listing may only be 

included in critical habitat if they are 

essential for the conservation of the 

species. Accordingly, when the best 

available scientific data do not 

demonstrate that the conservation needs 

of the species require additional areas, 

we will not designate critical habitat in 

areas outside the geographical area 

occupied by the species at the time of 

listing. An area currently occupied by 

the species but not known to be 

occupied at the time of listing will 

likely, but not always, be essential to the 

conservation of the species and, 

therefore, typically included in the 

critical habitat designation. 

The Service’s Policy on Information 

Standards Under the Endangered 

Species Act, published in the Federal 

Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34271), 

and Section 515 of the Treasury and 

General Government Appropriations 

Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106–

554; H.R. 5658) and the associated 

Information Quality Guidelines issued 

by the Service, provide criteria, 

establish procedures, and provide 

guidance to ensure that decisions made 

by the Service represent the best 

scientific data available. They require 

Service biologists to the extent 

consistent with the Act and with the use 

of the best scientific data available, to 

use primary and original sources of 

information as the basis for 

recommendations to designate critical 

habitat. When determining which areas 

are critical habitat, a primary source of 

information is generally the listing 

package for the species. Additional 


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information sources include the 

recovery plan for the species, articles in 

peer-reviewed journals, conservation 

plans developed by States and counties, 

scientific status surveys and studies, 

biological assessments, or other 

unpublished materials and expert 

opinion or personal knowledge. All 

information is used in accordance with 

the provisions of Section 515 of the 

Treasury and General Government 

Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 

(Pub. L. 106–554; H.R. 5658) and the 

associated Information Quality 

Guidelines issued by the Service. 

Section 4 of the Act requires that we 

designate critical habitat on the basis of 

the best scientific data available. Habitat 

is often dynamic, and species may move 

from one area to another over time. 

Furthermore, we recognize that 

designation of critical habitat may not 

include all of the habitat areas that may 

eventually be determined to be 

necessary for the recovery of the 

species. For these reasons, critical 

habitat designations do not signal that 

habitat outside the designation is 

unimportant or may not be required for 

recovery. 

Areas that support populations, but 

are outside the critical habitat 

designation, will continue to be subject 

to conservation actions implemented 

under section 7(a)(1) of the Act and to 

the regulatory protections afforded by 

the section 7(a)(2) jeopardy standard, as 

determined on the basis of the best 

available information at the time of the 

action. Federally funded or permitted 

projects affecting listed species outside 

their designated critical habitat areas 

may still result in jeopardy findings in 

some cases. Similarly, critical habitat 

designations made on the basis of the 

best available information at the time of 

designation will not control the 

direction and substance of future 

recovery plans, habitat conservation 

plans, or other species conservation 

planning efforts if new information 

available to these planning efforts calls 

for a different outcome. 

Methods 

As required by section 4(b)(2) of the 

Act, we use the best scientific data 

available in determining areas that 

contain the features that are essential to 

the conservation of Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum and the 

habitat requirements of these species. 

These sources included, but were not 

limited to, the proposed (60 FR 39337; 

August 2, 1995) and final (63 FR 49006; 

September 14, 1998) rules to list these 

species; data and information published 

in peer-reviewed articles; data and 

information contained in reports 

prepared for or by the U.S. Forest 

Service (USFS); discussions and site 

visits with species experts including 

USFS personnel; data and information 

presented in academic research theses 

and dissertations; data provided by the 

California Department of Fish and Game 

Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB); 

herbarium records; data submitted 

during section 7 consultations; and 

regional Geographic Information 

Systems (GIS) data. 

Primary Constituent Elements 

In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) 

of the Act and regulations at 50 CFR 

424.12, in determining which areas to 

propose as critical habitat, we consider 

those areas occupied by the species at 

the time of listing that contain physical 

and biological features (primary 

constituent elements or PCEs) that are 

essential to the conservation of the 

species, and that may require special 

management considerations or 

protection. These include, but are not 

limited to, space for individual and 

population growth and for normal 

behavior; food, water, air, light, 

minerals, or other nutritional or 

physiological requirements; cover or 

shelter; sites for breeding, reproduction, 

and rearing of offspring germination and 

seed dispersal; and habitats that are 

protected from disturbance or are 

representative of the historic 

geographical and ecological 

distributions of a species. 

The specific primary constituent 

elements required for Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum are 

derived from the biological needs 

described in the Background section of 

this proposal. They include those 

habitat components essential for the 

biological needs of each species, 

including seed germination and 

seedling growth, flower production, 

pollination, fruit production and seed 

set, and genetic exchange. 

Space for Individual and Population 

Growth and Normal Behavior; Food, 

Water, Air, Light, Minerals, or other 

Nutritional or Physiological 

Requirements 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, 

and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum require pebble plains 

or dry meadows in openings within 

upper montane coniferous forest, 

pinyon’juniper woodlands, or Mojavean 

desert scrub at elevations between 5,900 

to 9,800 feet (1,830 to 2,990 m) for 

individual and population growth (PCE 

1). 

These typically treeless openings are 

the result of a combination of soil and 

climatic factors that support an 

assemblage of plant species found only 

in the San Bernardino Mountains, 

California (USFS 2002, p. 12). Frost 

heaving and alternating wet and dry 

cycles force associated quartzite pebbles 

to the soil surface in areas of shallow 

clay deposits (PCE 2) to create the 

characteristic appearance of the pebble 

plains (Derby 1979, p. 61; Krantz 1983, 

p. 10; USFS 2002, p. 22). These soils 

have an extremely slow infiltration rate 

and, thus, have a high runoff potential 

(Neel and Barrows 1990, p. 8). 

The establishment of tree species on 

pebble plains appears to be limited 

primarily by high clay content in the 

soil (Derby 1979, p. 74). Trees that 

become established alter the 

surrounding microhabitat by increasing 

leaf litter and shading and probably 

reducing temperature extremes (USFS 

2002, p. 15). The increase in leaf litter 

under trees appears to reduce the 

densities of all three of the listed pebble 

plains species and increase tree and 

shrub seedlings under the tree canopy 

(Derby 1979, p. 72). Pebble plain species 

flourish in their specific environment, 

but they cannot compete with other 

plant species adapted to shaded areas, 

or areas where heavy litter layers 

accumulate (USFS 2002, p. 15). 

Pebble plains are typified by the 

presence of one or more of the following 

associated species: Ivesia argyrocoma, 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. kennedyi, 

Allium parryi, Antennaria dimorpha, 

Arabis parishii, Astragalus purshii var. 

lectulus, Dudleya abramsii var. affinis, 

Echinocereus engelmannii, Erigeron 

aphanactis var. congestus, Eriogonum 

wrightii var. subscaposum, Lewisia 

rediviva var. minor, and Mimulus 

purpureus. 

In addition to pebble plain habitat, 

Castilleja cinerea is also found in dry 

meadow margin areas that lack either 

Arenaria ursina and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum or both 

and quartzite pebbles or cobbles. 

However, as a semi-parasitic perennial 

plant, this root-parasite requires host 

plant species found in pebble plain 

habitat (Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum, E. k. var. kennedyi, 

and E. wrightii var. subscaposumon) 

and host plant species found in both 

pebble plain and non-pebble plain 

habitat (Artemisia tridentata, A. nova, 

and E. wrightii var. subscaposumon) for 

individual and population growth and 

for its nutritional and physiological 

requirements (PCE 3) (USFS 2002, p. 

92). 


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Sites for Reproduction, Germination, 

Seed Dispersal, or Pollination 

While pollination (via selfing, wind, 

or insect) is important for maintaining 

genetic diversity within a pebble plain 

(Duffield 1972, pp. 110–114; O’Brien 

1979, pp. 67, 82, 97, 99; Freas and 

Murphy 1990, p. 6), limited research 

indicates that little genetic material is 

exchanged among pebble plains (Freas 

and Murphy 1990, pp. 6–8). According 

to Freas and Murphy (1990, p. 6), 

observed pollen transfer distances were 

less than 4 meters (13 feet). 

Primary Constituent Elements for 

Arenaria ursina, Eriogonum kennedyi 

var. austromontanum and Castilleja 

cinerea 

Under our regulations, we are 

required to identify the known physical 

and biological features (PCEs) essential 

to the conservation of Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum. All 

areas proposed as critical habitat for 

each taxon are currently occupied, 

within the taxon’s historical geographic 

range, and contain sufficient PCEs to 

support at least one life history 

function. 

Based on our current knowledge of 

the life history, biology, and ecology of 

the species and the requirements of the 

habitat to sustain the essential life 

history functions of the species, we have 

determined that the PCEs for Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum are: 

(1) Pebble plains or dry meadows in 

openings within upper montane 

coniferous forest, pinyon’juniper 

woodlands, or Mojavean desert scrub in 

the San Bernardino Mountains of San 

Bernardino County, California; at 

elevations between 5,900 to 9,800 feet 

(1,830 to 2,990 m) that provide space for 

individual and population growth, 

reproduction and dispersal; and 

(2) Seasonally wet clay or sandy, clay 

soils, generally containing quartzite 

pebbles, subject to natural hydrological 

processes that include water hydrating 

the soil and freezing in winter and 

drying in summer causing lifting and 

churning of included pebbles, to 

provide adequate water, air, minerals, 

and other nutritional or physiological 

requirements to the species. 

We have determined that Castilleja 

cinerea also requires the following PCE: 

(3) The presence of one or more of its 

known host species, such as Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum, E. k. 

var. kennedyi, and E. wrightii var. 

subscaposumon in pebble plain habitat 

and species such as Artemisia 

tridentata, A. nova, and E. wrightii var. 

subscaposumon in pebble plain and 

non-pebble plain meadow margin 

habitat that provide some of the 

physiological requirements for this 

species. 

This proposed designation is designed 

for the conservation of those areas 

containing the PCEs necessary to 

support the life history functions that 

are the basis for the proposal. Because 

not all life history functions require all 

the PCEs, not all critical habitat will 

contain all the PCEs. 

Units are designated based on 

sufficient PCEs being present to support 

one or more of the species’ life history 

functions. Some units contain all PCEs 

and support multiple life processes, 

while some units contain only a portion 

of the PCEs necessary to support the 

species’ particular use of that habitat. 

Criteria Used To Identify Critical 

Habitat 

As required by section 4(b)(1)(A) of 

the Act, we use the best scientific and 

commercial data available in 

determining areas that contain the 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum. To 

delineate the proposed critical habitat 

boundaries associated with habitat 

occupied by the listed species, we relied 

on GIS data provided by the USFS’s San 

Bernardino National Forest (SBNF). 

SBNF personnel mapped pebble plain 

and some non-pebble plain habitat on 

SBNF lands for the 2002 Pebble Plain 

Management Guide using a combination 

of 1:10,000 air photos, 1:24,000 

orthographic photos, 1:24,000 

topographic maps, and ground-truthing 

with global positioning system (GPS) 

units (USFS 2002, p. 30). We also 

worked with SBNF personnel with 

species and habitat expertise to 

determine the status of pebble plains 

being considered for designation 

(habitat quality and land ownership). 

Working with SBNF personnel with 

knowledge of pebble plains species and 

habitats, we then identified pebble 

plains within each of the 12 occupied 

pebble plain complexes that met the 

following criteria for each of the three 

listed species: (1) Contained the PCEs, 

(2) known to be occupied at the time of 

listing and currently occupied; (3) if not 

known to be occupied at the time of 

listing, currently occupied and essential 

to the conservation of the species; (4) 

large or well-defined relative to other 

pebble plains in the complex; and (5) 

least disturbed by anthropogenic threats 

(such as unauthorized vehicle use) 

relative to other pebble plains in the 

complex. The majority of the pebble 

plains (14 of 22) being proposed as 

critical habitat contain all three of the 

listed species. To the extent possible, 

we included the larger pebble plains 

within a complex that were proximal to 

other relatively large pebble plains 

occupied by the listed species in order 

to capture areas with presumably higher 

species diversity. Ciano (1984, p. 14) 

examined species variability on pebble 

plains in relation to island biogeography 

theory and found that the number of 

species within a pebble plain increased 

with the size of the pebble plain and 

decreased as distance from other pebble 

plains increased; thus larger pebble 

plains located closer to other pebble 

plains had higher species diversity. 

For non-pebble plain meadow margin 

areas (Mojavean desert scrub—PCE 1) 

containing Castilleja cinerea, we 

identified those occupied areas that: (1) 

Contain unique habitat characteristics 

(such as soil type—PCE 2)) relative to 

other non-pebble plain areas occupied 

by the species, and (2) are within areas 

with the least amount of disturbance by 

anthropogenic threats (such as 

unauthorized vehicle use) relative to 

other occupied non-pebble plain 

habitat. 

For the purposes of this rule, 

occupied ‘‘at the time of listing’’ is 

defined as those occurrences or areas 

identified in the final listing rule (63 FR 

49006; September 14, 1998) or those 

areas known to be occupied prior to the 

publication of the listing rule according 

to occupancy data in our files (CNDDB 

1997a, 1997b, 1997c). Table 1 above 

lists the pebble plain complexes 

occupied at the time of listing and 

currently occupied for each of the three 

listed pebble plain species. We are not 

proposing any unoccupied areas or 

areas outside the geographic area 

presently occupied by the species. 

When determining proposed critical 

habitat boundaries, we tried to avoid 

including within the boundaries of the 

proposed critical habitat developed 

areas such as buildings, paved areas, 

and other structures that lack PCEs for 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. The scale of the maps 

prepared under the parameters for 

publication within the Code of Federal 

Regulations may not reflect the 

exclusion of such developed areas. Any 

such structures and the land under them 

inadvertently left inside critical habitat 

boundaries shown on the maps of this 

proposed rule have been excluded by 

text in the proposed rule and are not 

proposed for designation as critical 

habitat. Therefore, Federal actions 

limited to these areas would not trigger 


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section 7 consultation, unless they may 

affect the species or primary constituent 

elements in adjacent critical habitat. 

We are proposing to designate critical 

habitat on lands that we have 

determined were occupied at the time of 

listing or are currently occupied by 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum and that contain one 

or more of the primary constituent 

elements to support life history 

functions essential for the conservation 

of these species. 

Special Management Considerations or 

Protection 

When designating critical habitat, we 

assess whether the areas determined to 

be occupied at the time of listing 

contain primary constituent elements 

that may require special management 

considerations or protection. 

As stated in the final listing rule, 

major threats to all three listed pebble 

plains species throughout their range 

include land development, off-highway 

vehicle (OHV) use off of designated 

routes, road maintenance activities, 

ground disturbance that affects surface 

hydrology, mining activities, 

recreational activities, and nonnative 

plant species (63 FR 49006; September 

14, 1998). The use of OHVs off of 

designated routes has historically been 

the greatest threat to pebble plains 

habitat (63 FR 49006). The primary 

constituent elements for the listed 

pebble plains species may require 

special management considerations or 

protection to minimize impacts 

associated with—(1) Vehicle use and 

road maintenance; (2) recreational 

activities; and (3) the presence of 

nonnative species (63 FR 49006; USFS 

2002, p. 17; USFS 2005, pp. 207, 249, 

293). 

All of the pebble plain complexes 

have some degree of impact associated 

with the USFS-authorized and 

unauthorized use of vehicles and 

associated maintenance (USFS 2002, pp. 

20, 25, 30–68). Vehicle use and road 

maintenance could introduce invasive, 

nonnative plants, increase the potential 

for unauthorized routes to develop 

(leading to the crushing and burying of 

individual plants and soil compaction), 

and cover individuals with dust and 

mud that can impair physiological 

functions (USFS 2002, p. 20; USFWS 

2005, pp. 233, 238, 243). 

Along with soil compaction, soil 

erosion resulting from vehicle use could 

significantly alter the soil composition 

required by the listed species (PCE 2). 

During the wet season, vehicle traffic 

directly disturbs or destroys vegetation 

and creates deep ruts that change the 

hydrological patterns over the pebble 

plain (USFS 2002, p. 20). Vehicle traffic 

also increases breakdown in natural soil 

aggregates (structure) (Sadler, pers. 

comm. 1989 cited in USFS 2002, p. 22). 

Changes in the hydrological pattern 

associated with a pebble plain could 

alter the soil composition by allowing 

for erosion of clay sediments during 

rainfall events, leaving only large 

cobbles and pebbles (PCE 2). These 

changes to the soil morphology and 

composition could result in alterations 

to the vegetation structure and 

composition of the area, allowing for the 

invasion of native and nonnative plant 

species that could out-complete the 

listed species for space and resources 

and further alter the soil composition by 

increasing organic debris (PCEs 1, 2, 

and 3). 

The invasion of nonnative plant 

species can result in crowding, 

overshadowing, and altering fuel loads 

and hydrology (USFS 2002, p. 25). 

While fire has not been considered an 

important factor in shaping the pebble 

plain community, the establishment of 

an introduced species, such as 

cheatgrass, might provide the fine fuels 

to allow fire to spread more readily and 

result in alterations to the composition 

and structure of the pebble plain 

community (USFS 2002, pp. 19–20). 

Pebble plain species flourish in their 

specific environment, but they cannot 

complete with other plant species 

adapted to shaded areas or sites where 

heavy litter layers accumulate (USFS 

2002, p. 15). The invasion of nonnative 

species may alter the soil composition 

(PCE 2) or cause an increase in the 

amount of leaf litter, allowing for the 

eventual encroachment of adjacent 

native shrub and tree species into the 

pebble plain, and diminishing the 

habitat available to pebble plain obligate 

species and host species (PCE 1). Derby 

(1979, p. 72) found lower densities of all 

three of the listed species in pebble 

plain areas where leaf litter was 

abundant under trees. 

The USFS prepared the 2002 Pebble 

Plain Management Guide (USFS 2002, 

p. i) as an update to the 1990 Pebble 

Plain Habitat Management Guide and 

Action Plan by Neal and Barrows. The 

2002 Pebble Plain Management Guide 

was designed to provide management 

direction for the conservation of pebble 

plain habitat in the SBNF, to aid in 

recovery of the three federally listed 

plants, and to improve conditions for 

Forest sensitive species occurring in this 

habitat. The 2002 Pebble Plain 

Management Guide identifies the 

following management goals necessary 

to reduce impacts to pebble plain 

habitat—protecting pebble plain habitat 

throughout its geographic range, 

reducing habitat loss and fragmentation, 

maintaining site viability, and 

encouraging compatible uses (USFS 

2002, p. i). 

The USFS has completed many of the 

actions outlined in the plan to avoid 

and minimize impacts to the three listed 

pebble plain species including, but not 

limited to permanently closing some 

roads bisecting pebble plains, installing 

fencing or gates along some roads to 

prevent unauthorized access onto 

adjacent pebble plains, establishing 

alternate trails, adding law enforcement 

patrols, relocating special events out of 

pebble plain habitat, and posting of 

signs to keep vehicles out of sensitive 

habitat; however, ongoing unauthorized 

use is still occurring in all of the pebble 

plain complexes (USFS 2002, pp. 30–

68). See the ‘‘Unit Description’’ section 

for a discussion of the special 

management considerations or 

protection that may be needed for each 

unit or subunit being proposed as 

critical habitat. 

Proposed Critical Habitat Designation 

We are proposing a total of 1,511 ac 

(611 ha) of Federal, State, and private 

land within 11 units, with 9 of these 

units further divided into 20 subunits, 

as critical habitat for Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum. Table 2 

below provides the approximate area of 

each unit or subunit being proposed as 

critical habitat for Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum. Table 3 

below provides landownership sizes in 

each unit or subunit. Table 4 outlines 

the units and subunits proposed as 

critical habitat and the total area for 

each species. Since these species often 

occur in the same pebble plains, the 

total area being proposed as critical 

habitat for each species will not equal 

the total area being proposed for all 

three species combined. 

While the pebble plain in the Grinnell 

Ridge Complex was known to be 

occupied by Castilleja cinerea at the 

time of listing (Table 1), the area was 

last surveyed in 1994 (Eliason 2006b, 

p. 1), and we cannot determine whether 

the mapped area represents the species 

occurrence or the pebble plain 

boundary. Moreover, this pebble plain is 

located in a remote area in the San 

Gorgonio Wilderness Area on SBNF and 

is not easily accessible. We do not have 

sufficient information to determine that 

this area has the features that are 

essential to the conservation of the 

species as defined for the purposes of 

this critical habitat designation, and 

therefore we are not proposing to 


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designate the Grinnell Ridge Complex as 

essential habitat. 

The critical habitat areas described 

below constitute our best assessment at 

this time of areas determined to be 

occupied at the time of listing, 

containing primary constituent elements 

that may require special management 

considerations or protection, and those 

additional areas that were not occupied 

at the time of listing but were found to 

be essential to the conservation of 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. 

TABLE 2.—PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT (ACRES (AC), HECTARES (HA)) FOR ARENARIA URSINA, CASTILLEJA CINEREA, AND

ERIOGONUM KENNEDYI VAR. AUSTROMONTANUM. THE ABBREVIATION ‘‘PPN.’’ REFERS TO THE PEBBLE PLAIN NUMBER

IDENTIFIED IN THE USFS PEBBLE PLAIN MANAGEMENT GUIDE (2002) 

[Area estimates reflect all land within critical habitat unit boundaries] 

Proposed 

critical 

habitat 

unit 

Pebble plain complex and subunit name 

Total area of 

unit 

(ac (ha)) 

Total area of 

subunit 

(ac (ha)) 

Listed species in 

unit or subunit 1

1 ................................................... Arrastre/Union Flat 

1A (ppn. 100) .................................................................. 298 (121) 69 (28) 1,2,3 

1B (ppn. 87) .................................................................... ...................... 229 (93) 1,2,3 

2 ................................................... Big Bear Lake 

2A (ppn. 248) .................................................................. 28 (11) 21 (9) 1,2 

2B (ppn. 254) .................................................................. ...................... 6 (2) 1,2,3 

3 ................................................... Broom Flat 

3A (ppn. 311) .................................................................. 384 (156) 58 (23) 1,2,3 

3B (ppn. 285 & 309) ....................................................... ...................... 326 (132) 1,2 

4 ................................................... Fawnskin 

4A (ppn. 301) .................................................................. 41 (17) 15 (6) 1,2,3 

4B (ppn. 302) .................................................................. ...................... 24 (10) 1,2,3 

4C (Juniper Point) ........................................................... ...................... 2 (1) 2 

5 ................................................... Gold Mountain 

5A (ppn. 188) .................................................................. 105 (42) 62 (25) 1,2,3 

5B (ppn. 192) .................................................................. ...................... 43 (17) 1,2,3 

5C (South Baldwin meadow) .......................................... ...................... 0.3 (0.1) 2 

6 ................................................... Holcomb Valley 

6A (ppn. 98 & 109) ......................................................... 72 (29) 28 (11) 1,2,3 

6B (ppn. 153) .................................................................. ...................... 44 (18) 1,2,3 

7 ................................................... North Baldwin Lake 

7A (ppn. 128) .................................................................. 351 (142) 320 (129) 1,2,3 

7B (ppn. 168) .................................................................. ...................... 4 (2) 2 

8 ................................................... Sawmill 

8A (ppn. 236) .................................................................. 50 (20) 44 (18) 1,2,3 

8B (ppn. 224) .................................................................. ...................... 5 (2) 1,2,3 

9 ................................................... Snow Valley (ppn. 270) ................................................... 26 (10) NA 2 

10 ................................................. South Baldwin Ridge/Erwin Lake (ppn. 212) .................. 23 (9) NA 1,2,3 

11 ................................................. Sugarloaf Ridge 

11A (ppn. 294) ................................................................ 161 (65) 127 (51) 1,2 

11B (ppn. 289) ................................................................ ...................... 34 (14) 1,2 

Total ...................................... 22 .................................................................................... 1,511 (611) 

1 1 = Arenaria ursina, 2 = Castilleja cinerea, 3 = Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum. 

TABLE 3.—LANDOWNERSHIP (ACRES (AC), HECTARES (HA)) IN UNITS OR SUBUNITS BEING PROPOSED AS CRITICAL

HABITAT FOR ARENARIA URSINA, CASTILLEJA CINEREA, AND ERIOGONUM KENNEDYI VAR. AUSTROMONTANUM

Unit or subunit Landowner1 Total area 

(ac (ha)) 

1A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 69 (28) 

1B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 229 (93) 

2A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 21 (9) 

2B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 6 (2) 

3A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 58 (23) 

3B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 255 (103) 

Private (The Wildlands Conservancy) ........................................ 71 (29) 

4A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 15 (6) 

4B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 24 (10) 

4C ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 2 (1) 

5A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 62 (25) 

5B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 43 (17) 

5C ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 0.2 (0.1) 

6A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 22 (9) 

Private ........................................................................................ 6 (2) 

6B ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 44 (18) 

7A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 320 (129) 


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TABLE 3.—LANDOWNERSHIP (ACRES (AC), HECTARES (HA)) IN UNITS OR SUBUNITS BEING PROPOSED AS CRITICAL

HABITAT FOR ARENARIA URSINA, CASTILLEJA CINEREA, AND ERIOGONUM KENNEDYI VAR. AUSTROMONTANUM—Continued 

Unit or subunit Landowner1 Total area 

(ac (ha)) 

7B ............................................................................................... CDFG ......................................................................................... 4 (2) 

8A ............................................................................................... USFS .......................................................................................... 15 (6) 

Private ........................................................................................ 30 (12) 

8B ............................................................................................... Private ........................................................................................ 5 (2) 

9 .................................................................................................. USFS .......................................................................................... 26 (10) 

10 ................................................................................................ USFS .......................................................................................... 23 (9) 

11A ............................................................................................. USFS .......................................................................................... 127 (51) 

11B ............................................................................................. USFS .......................................................................................... 34 (14) 

Total ..................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 1,511 (611) 

1 USFS = U.S. Forest Service (lands in the San Bernardino National Forest), CDFG = California Department of Fish and Game. 

TABLE 4.—UNITS OR SUBUNITS AND TOTAL AREA (ACRES (AC), HECTARES (HA)) BEING PROPOSED AS CRITICAL HABITAT

FOR ARENARIA URSINA, CASTILLEJA CINEREA, AND ERIOGONUM KENNEDYI VAR. AUSTROMONTANUM

Species Unit or subunits Total area 

(ac (ha))* 

Arenaria ursina ........................................................................... All except 4C, 5C, 7B, 9 ........................................................... 1,478 (598) 

Castilleja cinerea ........................................................................ All .............................................................................................. 1,511 (611) 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum ............................... All except 2A, 3B, 4C, 5C, 7B, 9, 11A, 11B ............................. 970 (393) 

* These species often occur in the same pebble plains. Therefore the total area being proposed as critical habitat for each species will not 

equal the total area being proposed for all three species combined. 

Unit Descriptions 

We present brief descriptions of all 

units and subunits below and reasons 

why they meet the definition of critical 

habitat for Arenaria ursina, Castilleja 

cinerea, and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. Each subunit is 

named using the pebble plain 

occurrence number (for example ‘‘ppn. 

100’’) as identified in the USFS’s 2002 

Pebble Plain Management Guide. 

Unit 1: Arrastre/Union Flat 

The Arrastre/Union Flat pebble plain 

complex consists of 33 pebble plains of 

varying size that total approximately 

377 ac (153 ha) of habitat, the majority 

of which are on the San Bernardino 

National Forest (SBNF) land (USFS 

2002, pp. 32, 47). Pebble plains in this 

complex have historically been, and 

continue to be, impacted by vehicle use 

related to woodcutting and camping 

activities not authorized by the USFS 

(USFS 2002, p. 47). Pebble plains in this 

complex are also threatened by the 

invasion of nonnative cheatgrass (USFS 

2002, pp. 47–48). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 298 ac 

(121 ha) within this complex consisting 

of two pebble plains in the SBNF: 

Subunit 1A (ppn. 100) is 69 ac (28 ha) 

and Subunit 1B (ppn. 87) is 229 ac (93 

ha) (Tables 2, 3). Subunits 1A and 1B 

were known to be occupied by all three 

listed plants at the time of listing, and 

all three listed species continue to occur 

within these subunits (Table 1). 

Subunits 1A and 1B contain the PCEs 

for each of the listed species; are large, 

well defined pebble plains; are within 

the northernmost pebble plains in the 

designation; are within the geographic 

range occupied by the species at time of 

listing; and represent the least disturbed 

pebble plains in this complex. 

Both subunits are bisected by existing 

USFS roads. As outlined in the USFS’s 

Pebble Plain Management Guide (USFS 

2002) and the USFS’s Biological 

Assessment for the Revised Land 

Management Plans (USFS 2005), the 

USFS has undertaken various actions to 

minimize impacts to pebble plains 

under its jurisdiction in this complex, 

including permanently closing roads, 

installing fencing along roads to prevent 

unauthorized access on the adjacent 

pebble plain, ripping (defacing) some 

roads to discourage vehicle trespass 

around fences, and posting signs to keep 

vehicles out of sensitive habitat. 

However, unauthorized vehicle use still 

occurs on the pebble plains in this 

complex (USFS 2002, pp. 48, 48a). 

Special management may be required to 

protect and maintain the PCEs 

supported by Subunits 1A and 1B due 

to the potential impacts of unauthorized 

use and invasive nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass) that occur 

in some of the other pebble plain 

complexes. 

Unit 2: Big Bear Lake 

The Big Bear Lake pebble plain 

complex consists of a series of 39 pebble 

plains of varying sizes within and 

adjacent to the City of Big Bear Lake. 

This complex totals approximately 96 ac 

(39 ha) of habitat on private and SBNF 

lands (USFS 2002, pp. 31, 37). Prior to 

residential development in Big Bear 

Valley and the construction of Big Bear 

Dam, pebble plain habitat was more 

widespread and more contiguous in this 

complex (USFS 2002, p. 38). Threats to 

pebble plain habitat on private lands 

include residential development and 

trampling from horses and hikers, and 

on USFS lands they include trampling, 

soil compaction, and unauthorized 

vehicle use through dispersed recreation 

(USFS 2002, p. 39). Pebble plains in this 

complex may also be threatened by the 

presence of invasive nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass) that occur 

in other pebble plain complexes (USFS 

2002, pp. 47–48, 45, 50, 56, 64). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 28 ac (11 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

two pebble plains in the SBNF—

Subunit 2A (ppn. 248) is 21 ac (9 ha) 

and Subunit 2B (ppn. 254) is 6 ac (2 ha) 

(Tables 2, 3). Subunit 2A was known to 

be occupied at the time of listing by 

Arenaria ursina and Castilleja cinerea, 

and both species continue to grow 

within this subunit (Table 1). This 

subunit is not proposed as critical 

habitat for Eriogonum kennedyi var. 


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austromontanum. Subunit 2A contains 

the PCEs for both species, is a relatively 

large and well defined pebble plain, 

represents the least disturbed pebble 

plains remaining in this complex, and is 

within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing. Subunit 

2B was known to be occupied at the 

time of listing by all three listed species, 

and these species still occur within this 

subunit (Table 1). Subunit 2B contains 

the PCEs for each of the three species, 

is a relatively large and well defined 

pebble plain, represents the least 

disturbed pebble plains remaining in 

this complex, and is within the 

geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing. 

Both Subunits 2A and 2B historically 

have been impacted by recreational 

activities (USFS 2002, pg. 38). Subunit 

2A, in the Aspen Glen area, is bisected 

by a recreational trail, which is used by 

horses, hikers, and mountain bikers. 

Subunit 2B, in the former Snow Summit 

Ski Area, has historically been the site 

of annual bicycle races and is bisected 

by several classified and unclassified 

bicycle trails. USFS has undertaken 

various actions to minimize impacts to 

pebble plains under its jurisdiction in 

this complex, including installing 

fencing along trails to prevent further 

encroachment into the pebble plain, 

establishing alternate paths, installing 

gates and fencing to prevent motorized 

access to pebble plains, relocating 

annual bicycle races to other sites 

(USFS 2002, p. 39; USFS 2005, p. 208), 

and closing the Snow Summit Ski Area 

(USFS 2005, p. 250; USFWS 2005, p. 

233). However, special management 

may be required to protect and maintain 

the PCEs supported by Subunits 2A and 

2B. 

Unit 3: Broom Flat 

The Broom Flat pebble plain complex 

consists of 23 pebble plains of varying 

size that total approximately 752 ac (304 

ha) of habitat, the majority of which are 

in the SBNF (USFS 2002, pp. 33, 62). 

Pebble plains in this complex have 

historically been impacted primarily by 

unauthorized vehicle use and are now 

being impacted by the presence of 

invasive nonnative plant species (such 

as cheatgrass and common knotweed 

(USFS 2002, p. 64)). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 384 ac 

(156 ha) within this complex consisting 

of two pebble plains on Federal (SBNF) 

and private lands (The Wildlands 

Conservancy): Subunit 3A (ppn. 311) is 

58 ac (23 ha) and Subunit 3B (ppn. 285 

and 309) is 326 ac (132 ha) (Tables 2, 

3). Subunit 3A was known to be 

occupied at the time of listing and is 

currently occupied by Arenaria ursina 

and Castilleja cinerea. Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum is also 

currently found in this subunit, but it 

was not known from here at the time of 

listing (Table 1). Subunit 3A contains 

the PCEs for each of the species, and is 

essential to the conservation of E. k. var. 

austromontanum because it is a 

relatively large pebble plain that 

represents the least disturbed pebble 

plains in this complex, and is within the 

eastern/most pebble plain complex in 

this designation. Subunit 3B was known 

to be occupied at the time of listing by 

Arenaria ursina and Castilleja cinerea, 

and both species still occur within this 

subunit (Table 1). Subunit 3B is only 

being proposed as critical habitat for 

these two species. Subunit 3B contains 

the PCEs for both species, is a relatively 

large pebble plain, represents the least 

disturbed pebble plains in this complex, 

is within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing, and is 

within the eastern/most pebble plain 

complex in this designation. 

Both subunits are bisected by existing 

USFS roads. USFS has undertaken 

various actions to minimize impacts to 

pebble plains under its jurisdiction in 

this complex, including permanently 

closing roads, installing fencing along 

roads to prevent unauthorized access on 

the adjacent pebble plain, ripping some 

roads to discourage vehicle trespass 

around fences, and posting signs to keep 

vehicles out of sensitive habitat; 

however, these barriers are in need of 

constant monitoring and repairs (USFS 

2002, p. 64). The pebble plain in 

Subunit 3A may also be impacted by 

cattle trespass from the Rattlesnake 

grazing allotment and burro use 

associated with the Burro Herd 

Management Area (USFS 2002, p. 64). 

Special management may be required to 

protect and maintain the PCEs 

supported by Subunits 3A and 3B. 

Unit 4: Fawnskin 

The Fawnskin pebble plain complex 

consists of 15 pebble plains of varying 

sizes that total approximately 64 ac (26 

ha) of habitat on private and SBNF 

lands (USFS 2002, pp. 32, 44). Pebble 

plains in this complex have historically 

been and are currently being impacted 

by urban development, unauthorized 

vehicle use, and the presence of 

invasive nonnative species (such as 

cheatgrass) (USFS 2002, pp. 45). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 41 ac (17 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

two pebble plains and one non-pebble 

plain meadow margin area in the SBNF. 

Subunit 4A (ppn. 301) is 15 ac (6 ha), 

Subunit 4B (ppn. 302) is 24 ac (10 ha), 

and Subunit 4C (Juniper Point) is 2 ac 

(1 ha) (Tables 2, 3). Subunits 4A and 4B 

were known to be occupied at the time 

of listing by all three listed species and 

these plants continue to occur within 

these subunits. Subunit 4C was known 

to be occupied at the time of listing and 

is still occupied only by Castilleja 

cinerea (Table 1). Subunit 4C is being 

proposed as critical habitat only for C. 

cinerea. Subunits 4A and 4B contain the 

PCEs for all three of the listed species, 

are within the geographic range 

occupied by the species at time of 

listing, and are relatively large and the 

least disturbed pebble plains remaining 

in this complex. Subunit 4C (Juniper 

Point) is essential to the conservation of 

Castilleja cinerea because it contains the 

PCEs for the species, is within the 

geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing, represents a 

unique habitat type (non-pebble plain 

meadow margin) for the species 

(Engelhard 2006), and is important for 

maintaining genetic diversity for the 

species. This subunit is also one of the 

few occupied non-pebble plain meadow 

margin areas remaining that is relatively 

undisturbed. 

Both Subunits 4A and 4B are bisected 

by several unclassified roads associated 

with existing USFS roads. While USFS 

has undertaken various actions such as 

permanently closing roads and posting 

signs to keep vehicles out of sensitive 

habitat, barriers have been repeatedly 

breached over the past decade and 

unauthorized vehicle use along some of 

the unclassified roads still continues 

(USFS 2002, pp. 45–46). Subunit 4C is 

within a fenced area adjacent to Big 

Bear Lake owned by the USFS. The area 

contains a paved trail for hiking and is 

across the street from the ranger station. 

Special management may be required to 

protect and maintain the PCEs 

supported by Subunits 4A and 4B due 

to the potential impacts of public 

vehicle use outside of designated areas 

and the invasion of nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass). Special 

management may also be required to 

protect and maintain the PCEs 

supported by Subunits 4A, 4B and 4C 

due to the potential impacts of 

dispersed recreation and OHV use 

outside of designed areas. 

Unit 5: Gold Mountain 

The Gold Mountain pebble plain 

complex consists of 18 pebble plains of 

varying sizes that total approximately 88 

ac (36 ha) of habitat on private and 

SBNF lands (USFS 2002, pp. 32, 52). 

Pebble plains in this complex have 

historically been impacted by USFSauthorized vehicle use and vehicle use 

associated with woodcutting and rock 


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collecting not authorized by the USFS 

(USFS 2002, pg. 52). Pebble plains in 

this complex may also be threatened by 

the presence of invasive nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass) that occur 

in other pebble plain complexes (USFS 

2002, pp. 47–48, 45, 50, 56, 64). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 105 ac (42 

ha) of Federal land (SBNF) consisting of 

two pebble plains in this complex and 

one non-pebble plain meadow margin 

area adjacent to this complex. Subunit 

5A (ppn. 188) is 62 ac (25 ha), Subunit 

5B (ppn. 192) is 43 ac (17 ha), and 

Subunit 5C (South Baldwin meadow) is 

0.3 ac (0.1 ha) (Tables 2, 3). Subunits 5A 

and 5B were known to be occupied at 

the time of listing and are still occupied 

by all three listed species (Table 1). 

While the non-pebble plain meadow 

margin habitat in Subunit 5C was not 

identified in the final listing rule (63 FR 

49006; September 14, 1998), it is 

currently occupied by Castilleja cinerea 

and is considered to have been occupied 

at the time of listing based on pre-listing 

occupancy records (CNDDB 1997b). 

Subunit 5C is being proposed as critical 

habitat only for C. cinerea. 

Subunits 5A and 5B contain the PCEs 

for each of the three listed species, are 

relatively large and well-defined pebble 

plains, represent the least disturbed 

pebble plains in this complex, and are 

within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing. Subunit 

5C is essential to the conservation of 

Castilleja cinerea because it contains the 

PCEs for the species, it is within the 

geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing, and represents 

a unique habitat type (non-pebble plain 

meadow margin) for the species, 

representing an area that is important 

for maintaining genetic diversity for the 

species. This subunit is also one of the 

few occupied non-pebble plain meadow 

margin areas remaining that is relatively 

undisturbed and also supports other 

federally listed plant species (such as 

Sidalcea pedata). 

Subunits 5A and 5B are bisected by 

Forest Road 3N69 and several 

unclassified roads. While USFS has 

undertaken various actions such as 

closing the area to woodcutting, 

permanently closing roads, and 

conducting area patrols, unauthorized 

vehicle use continues to impact these 

pebble plains (USFS 2002, p. 53; 

Engelhard 2006). Subunit 5C is 

threatened by occasional unauthorized 

access by equestrian and OHV use by 

adjacent private landowners (Engelhard 

2006). Special management may be 

required to protect and maintain the 

PCEs supported by Subunits 5A, 5B, 

and 5C due to the potential impacts of 

dispersed recreation and OHV use 

outside of designed areas. Special 

management, such as the development 

of a routine monitoring and removal 

program, may also be required to protect 

and maintain the PCEs supported by 

Subunits 5A and 5B due to the invasion 

of nonnative plant species (such as 

cheatgrass). 

Unit 6: Holcomb Valley 

The Holcomb Valley pebble plain 

complex consists of 96 pebble plains of 

varying sizes that total approximately 

460 ac (186 ha) of habitat primarily in 

the SBNF (USFS 2002, pp. 31, 40). 

Pebble plains in this complex have 

historically been impacted by USFSauthorized and unauthorized vehicle 

use, previous silviculture treatments, 

campground development, dispersed 

recreation, and access or maintenance 

associated with a gas pipeline (USFS 

2002, pp. 41–42). Pebble plains in this 

complex may also be threatened by the 

presence of invasive nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass) that occur 

in other pebble plain complexes (USFS 

2002, pp. 47–48, 45, 50, 56, 64). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 72 ac (29 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

two pebble plains on Federal (SBNF) 

and private (Boy Scouts of America 

(BSA)) land: Subunit 6A (ppn. 98 and 

109) is 28 ac (11 ha) and Subunit 6B 

(ppn. 153) is 44 ac (18 ha) (Tables 2, 3). 

The majority of Subunit 6A is in the 

SBNF, though a small portion occurs on 

private land owned by the BSA 

(Hitchcock Ranch). Subunit 6B is 

entirely within the SBNF. Subunits 6A 

and 6B were known to be occupied at 

the time of listing and are still occupied 

by all three listed species (Table 1). 

Subunits 6A and 6B contain the PCEs 

for each of the three listed species, are 

within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing, are 

among the northern most pebble plains 

in this designation, are relatively large 

and well-defined pebble plains, and 

represent the least disturbed pebble 

plains in this complex. 

USFS has undertaken various actions, 

such decommissioning and 

rehabilitating certain roads, installing 

fencing along roads to prevent 

unauthorized access on the adjacent 

pebble plain, posting signs to keep 

vehicles out of sensitive habitat, 

relocating special events formerly in 

pebble plain habitat (such as the 

Mountain Man event), and 

discontinuing camping permits in 

certain areas to reduce the impact in 

these areas. However, pebble plains in 

the Holcomb Valley Complex continue 

to be impacted by unauthorized vehicle 

use (USFS 2002, p. 40). Special 

management may be required to protect 

and maintain the PCEs supported by 

Subunits 6A and 6B due to the potential 

impacts of dispersed recreation and 

OHV use outside of designed areas and 

the invasion of nonnative plant species 

(such as cheatgrass). 

Unit 7: North Baldwin Lake 

The North Baldwin Lake pebble plain 

complex consists of 12 pebble plains of 

varying sizes that totals approximately 

527 ac (213 ha) of habitat primarily in 

the SBNF (USFS 2002, pp. 33, 54). 

Pebble plains in this complex were 

historically, and continue to be 

impacted, by authorized and 

unauthorized vehicle use, mining 

activity, residential development, 

burros, and invasive nonnative plant 

species (such as cheatgrass and 

Lepidium perfoliatum (clasping 

pepperweed)) (USFS 2002, pg. 56). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 351 ac 

(142 ha) within this complex consisting 

of one pebble plain and one non-pebble 

plain meadow margin area on Federal 

(SBNF) and State (CDFG) lands: Subunit 

7A (ppn. 128) is 320 ac (129 ha) and 

Subunit 7B (ppn. 168) is 4 ac (2 ha) 

(Tables 2, 3). All of Subunit 7A is in the 

SBNF and all of Subunit 7B in the 

CDFG’s Baldwin Ecological Reserve. 

Subunit 7A was known to be occupied 

at the time of listing and continues to be 

occupied by all three listed plants 

(Table 1). While the non-pebble plains 

meadow margin habitat in Subunit 7B 

was not identified in the listing rule, it 

is currently occupied by Castilleja 

cinerea and is considered to have been 

occupied at the time of listing based on 

pre-listing occupancy records (CNDDB 

1997b). 

Subunit 7A contains the PCEs for 

each of the three of the listed species, 

is within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing, is a 

relatively large and well defined pebble 

plain in this complex, and represents 

one of the least disturbed pebble plain 

in this complex. Subunit 7B contains 

the PCEs for Castilleja cinerea, is within 

the geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing, and represents 

a unique habitat type (non-pebble plain 

meadow margin habitat with alkali 

soils) and the only area known to 

support this species on alkali soils. This 

occurrence represents a unique portion 

of the range of environmental variability 

for the species and is important for 

maintaining genetic diversity of the 

species. This subunit is also one of the 

few occupied non-pebble plain meadow 

margin areas remaining that is relatively 

undisturbed. This area also supports 


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other federally listed plant species (such 

as Sidalcea pedata and Thelypodium 

stenopetalum). 

Subunit 7A is bisected by several 

unclassified roads associated with 

existing USFS roads and Subunit 7B is 

adjacent to an existing road. USFS has 

undertaken various actions such as 

permanently closing roads, installing 

fencing along major roads adjacent to 

pebble plain habitat, and posting signs 

to keep vehicles out of sensitive habitat. 

However, authorized and unauthorized 

vehicle use continues to impact pebble 

plains in the North Baldwin Lake 

Complex (USFS 2002, p. 57). Special 

management may be required to protect 

and maintain the PCEs supported by 

Subunits 7A and 7B due to the potential 

impacts of dispersed recreation and 

OHV use outside of designed areas and 

the invasion of nonnative plant species 

(such as cheatgrass). 

Unit 8: Sawmill 

The Sawmill pebble plain complex 

consists of 22 pebble plains of varying 

size that total approximately 396 ac (160 

ha) of habitat on private and Federal 

land (SBNF) (USFS 2002, pp. 32, 49). 

Pebble plains in this complex were 

historically, and continue to be 

impacted by authorized and 

unauthorized vehicle use, residential 

development, and invasive nonnative 

plant species (such as cheatgrass) (USFS 

2002, pp. 50). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 50 ac (20 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

two pebble plains on Federal (USFS) 

and private lands: Subunit 8A (ppn. 

236) is 45 ac (18 ha) and Subunit 8B (a 

portion of ppn. 244) is 5 ac (2 ha) 

(Tables 2, 3). About half of Subunit 8A 

is in the SBNF, while the other half is 

on private land within an area protected 

from development by a conservation 

easement. Subunit 8B is entirely on 

private land within an area protected 

from development by a conservation 

easement. Subunits 8A and 8B were 

known to be occupied at the time of 

listing and continue to be occupied by 

all three listed species (Table 1). 

Subunits 8A and 8B contain the PCEs 

for each of the three listed species, are 

within the geographic range occupied 

by the species at time of listing, are 

relatively large and well-defined pebble 

plains, and represent the only pebble 

plains remaining in this complex that 

have not been destroyed or significantly 

degraded by residential development. 

The southern portion of Subunit 8A is 

on private land and protected by a 

conservation easement held by the local 

homeowners’ association and 

established as part of the Moonridge 

residential development (Engelhard 

2006). The northern portion of this 

subunit is bisected by a partially 

devegetated vehicle track that allows 

foot access to this fenced pebble plain, 

which is used heavily by local residents. 

Subunit 8B is bisected by several 

unclassified roads associated with 

woodcutting and dispersed recreation 

(USFS 2002, pp. 50–51). USFS has 

undertaken or participated in various 

actions, such as posting signs to keep 

hikers and vehicles out of sensitive 

habitat. However, authorized and 

unauthorized dispersed recreation and 

unauthorized vehicle use continues to 

impact pebble plains in the Sawmill 

Complex, including the northern 

portion of Subunit 8A (USFS 2002, p. 

51; Engelhard 2006). Special 

management may be required to protect 

and maintain the PCEs supported by 

Subunits 8A and 8B due to the potential 

impacts of dispersed recreation and 

OHV use outside of designed areas and 

the invasion of nonnative plant species 

(such as cheatgrass). 

Unit 9: Snow Valley 

The Snow Valley pebble plain 

complex consists of 3 pebble plains of 

varying sizes that total approximately 33 

ac (13 ha) of habitat in the SBNF (USFS 

2002, pp. 30, 31). Pebble plains in this 

complex were historically impacted by 

vehicle access, residential development, 

and heavy-use recreation (such as skiing 

or biking) (USFS 2002, pg. 30). Pebble 

plains in this complex may also be 

threatened by the presence of invasive 

nonnative plant species (such as 

cheatgrass) that occur in other pebble 

plain complexes (USFS 2002, pp. 47–48, 

45, 50, 56, 64). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 26 ac (10 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

one pebble plain within the SBNF: Unit 

9 (ppn. 270) (Tables 2, 3). Unit 9 was 

known to be occupied at the time of 

listing and is still occupied by Castilleja 

cinerea (Table 1). This unit is being 

proposed as critical habitat only for C. 

cinerea. It contains the PCEs for the 

species, is within the geographic range 

occupied by the species at time of 

listing, is within the western most 

pebble plain complex in this 

designation, represents a unique habitat 

type (pebble plain habitat with granitic 

soils), and supports the only known 

occurrence of this species on granitic 

soils. This occurrence represents a 

unique portion of the range of 

environmental variability for the species 

and is important for maintaining genetic 

diversity for the species. 

Unit 9 borders Highway 18 and is 

within a heavy recreational use area. 

USFS has undertaken or participated in 

various actions, such as posting signs to 

keep hikers out of sensitive habitat. 

However, dispersed recreation, and 

unauthorized vehicle use continues to 

impact pebble plains in the Snow Valley 

(USFS 2002, p. 51). Special management 

may be required to protect and maintain 

the PCEs supported by Unit 9 due to the 

potential impacts of dispersed 

recreation and OHV use outside of 

designed areas and the invasion of 

nonnative plant species (such as 

cheatgrass). 

Unit 10: South Baldwin Ridge/Erwin 

Lake 

The South Baldwin Ridge/Erwin Lake 

pebble plain complex consists of 15 

pebble plains of varying sizes that total 

approximately 87 ac (35 ha) of habitat 

on private and SBNF lands (USFS 2002, 

pp. 33, 49). Pebble plains in this 

complex were historically, and continue 

to be impacted by authorized and 

unauthorized vehicle use, residential 

development, and invasive nonnative 

plant species (such as cheatgrass) (USFS 

2002, pg. 50). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 23 ac (9 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

one pebble plain in the SBNF: Unit 10 

(ppn. 212) (Tables 2, 3). Unit 10 was 

known to be occupied at the time of 

listing and still is occupied by all three 

listed plants (Table 1). This unit 

contains the PCEs for each of the three 

of the listed species, is within the 

geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing, is a relatively 

large and well-defined pebble plain, and 

is the only occupied pebble plain in this 

complex that has not been destroyed or 

significantly degraded due to residential 

development. 

Unit 10 is bisected by a partially 

devegetated vehicle track that allows 

foot access to this fenced pebble plain, 

which is used heavily by local residents 

(USFS 2002, pp. 50–51). USFS has 

undertaken or participated in various 

actions such as posting signs to keep 

hikers out of sensitive habitat. However, 

dispersed recreation, and unauthorized 

vehicle use continue to impact pebble 

plains in the South Baldwin Ridge 

Complex (USFS 2002, p. 51). Special 

management may be required to protect 

and maintain the PCEs supported by 

Unit 10 due to the potential impacts of 

dispersed recreation and OHV use 

outside of designed areas and the 

invasion of nonnative plant species 

(such as cheatgrass). 

Unit 11: Sugarloaf Ridge 

The Sugarloaf Ridge pebble plain 

complex consists of 22 pebble plains of 


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varying sizes that total approximately 

573 ac (232 ha) of habitat in the SBNF 

(USFS 2002, pp. 33, 58). Pebble plains 

in this complex were historically and 

continue to be impacted by authorized 

and unauthorized vehicle use and 

dispersed recreation (USFS 2002, p. 58). 

Pebble plains in this complex may also 

be threatened by the presence of 

invasive nonnative plant species (such 

as cheatgrass) that occur in some of the 

other pebble plain complexes (USFS 

2002, pp. 47–48, 45, 50, 56, 64). 

We are proposing to designate as 

critical habitat approximately 161 ac (65 

ha) within this complex consisting of 

two pebble plains within the SBNF: 

Subunit 11A (ppn. 294) is 127 ac (51 ha) 

and Subunit 11B (ppn. 289) is 34 ac (14 

ha) (Tables 2, 3). Subunits 11A and 11B 

are known to be occupied by Castilleja 

cinerea and Arenaria ursina. However, 

since the Sugarloaf Ridge complex was 

found to be occupied by these species 

about 3 years ago, after the 2002 Pebble 

Plain Management Guide was finalized 

(Eliason 2006a), these subunits are not 

considered to have been occupied at the 

time of listing (Table 1). 

Pebble plains in Subunits 11A and 

11B are being proposed as critical 

habitat for Arenaria ursina and 

Castilleja cinerea only. They contain the 

PCEs for both species, are within the 

geographic range occupied by the 

species at time of listing, are relatively 

large pebble plains, and represent the 

least disturbed pebble plains in this 

complex. In addition, the A. ursina 

occurrence in the Sugarloaf Ridge 

complex is the within the southern most 

pebble plain complex in this 

designation, is the highest elevation 

occurrence known for this species, and 

is considered disjunct from populations 

in other complexes. The C. cinerea 

occurrence in this complex is 

morphologically distinctive from 

populations in other complexes (USFS 

2002, p. 58; Bill 2006). These 

occurrences represent a unique portion 

of the range of environmental variability 

for these species and are important for 

maintaining genetic diversity for the 

species. 

Several unclassified roads occur in or 

adjacent to Subunits 11A and 11B 

(USFS 2002, p. 59). USFS has 

undertaken various actions such as 

posting signs to keep walkers and 

vehicles out of sensitive habitat within 

the Sugarloaf Ridge Complex overall. 

However, dispersed recreation and 

unauthorized vehicle use continues to 

impact pebble plains in the Sugarloaf 

Ridge Complex (USFS 2002, pp. 58–59). 

Special management may be required to 

protect and maintain the PCEs 

supported by Subunits 11A and 11B due 

to the potential impacts of dispersed 

recreation and OHV use outside of 

designed areas and the invasion of 

nonnative plant species (such as 

cheatgrass). 

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation 

Section 7 Consultation 

Section 7(a) of the Act requires 

Federal agencies, including the Service, 

to evaluate their actions with respect to 

any species that is proposed or listed as 

endangered or threatened and with 

respect to its critical habitat, if any is 

proposed or designated. Regulations 

implementing this interagency 

cooperation provision of the Act are 

codified at 50 CFR part 402. 

Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires 

Federal agencies to confer with us on 

any action that is likely to jeopardize 

the continued existence of a species 

proposed for listing or result in 

destruction or adverse modification of 

proposed critical habitat. This is a 

procedural requirement only. However, 

once proposed species becomes listed, 

or proposed critical habitat is 

designated as final, the full prohibitions 

of section 7(a)(2) apply to any Federal 

action. The primary utility of the 

conference procedures is to maximize 

the opportunity for a Federal agency to 

adequately consider proposed species 

and critical habitat and avoid potential 

delays in implementing their proposed 

action as a result of the section 7(a)(2) 

compliance process, should those 

species be listed or the critical habitat 

designated. 

Under conference procedures, the 

Service may provide advisory 

conservation recommendations to assist 

the agency in eliminating conflicts that 

may be caused by the proposed action. 

The Service may conduct either 

informal or formal conferences. Informal 

conferences are typically used if the 

proposed action is not likely to have any 

adverse effects to the proposed species 

or proposed critical habitat. Formal 

conferences are typically used when the 

Federal agency or the Service believes 

the proposed action is likely to cause 

adverse effects to proposed species or 

critical habitat, inclusive of those that 

may cause jeopardy or adverse 

modification. 

The results of an informal conference 

are typically transmitted in a conference 

report, while the results of a formal 

conference are typically transmitted in a 

conference opinion. Conference 

opinions on proposed critical habitat are 

typically prepared according to 50 CFR 

402.14, as if the proposed critical 

habitat were designated. We may adopt 

the conference opinion as the biological 

opinion when the critical habitat is 

designated, if no substantial new 

information or changes in the action 

alter the content of the opinion (see 50 

CFR 402.10(d)). As noted above, any 

conservation recommendations in a 

conference report or opinion are strictly 

advisory. 

Once a species is listed or critical 

habitat is designated, section 7(a)(2) of 

the Act requires Federal agencies to 

ensure that activities they authorize, 

fund, or carry out are not likely to 

jeopardize the continued existence of 

such a species or to destroy or adversely 

modify its critical habitat. Recent 

decisions by the 5th and 9th Circuit 

Courts of Appeals have invalidated our 

regulatory definition of ‘‘adverse 

modification’’ at 50 CFR 402.02 (see 

Gifford Pinchot Task Force v. U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, 378 F. 3d 1059 

(9th Cir 2004) and Sierra Club v. U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service et al., 245 F.3d 

434, 442F (5th Cir 2001)). Pursuant to 

current national policy and the statutory 

provisions of the Act, we determine 

destruction or adverse modification 

based on whether, with implementation 

of the proposed Federal action, the 

affected critical habitat would remain 

functional (or retain the current ability 

for the primary constituent elements to 

be functionally established) to serve its 

intended conservation role for the 

species. 

If a Federal action may affect a listed 

species or its critical habitat, the 

responsible Federal agency (action 

agency) must enter into consultation 

with us. As a result of this consultation, 

compliance with the requirements of 

section 7(a)(2) will be documented 

through the Service’s issuance of: (1) A 

concurrence letter for Federal actions 

that may affect, but are not likely to 

adversely affect, listed species or critical 

habitat; or (2) a biological opinion for 

Federal actions that are likely to 

adversely affect listed species or critical 

habitat. 

When we issue a biological opinion 

concluding that a project is likely to 

result in jeopardy to a listed species or 

the destruction or adverse modification 

of critical habitat, we also provide 

reasonable and prudent alternatives to 

the project, if any are identifiable. 

‘‘Reasonable and prudent alternatives’’

are defined at 50 CFR 402.02 as 

alternative actions identified during 

consultation that can be implemented in 

a manner consistent with the intended 

purpose of the action, that are consistent 

with the scope of the Federal agency’s 

legal authority and jurisdiction, that are 

economically and technologically 

feasible, and that the Director believes 

would avoid jeopardy to the listed 


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species or destruction or adverse 

modification of critical habitat. 

Reasonable and prudent alternatives can 

vary from slight project modifications to 

extensive redesign or relocation of the 

project. Costs associated with 

implementing a reasonable and prudent 

alternative are similarly variable. 

Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require 

Federal agencies to reinitiate 

consultation on previously reviewed 

actions in certain instances, including 

where a new species is listed or critical 

habitat is subsequently designated that 

may be affected by the Federal action, 

where the Federal agency has retained 

discretionary involvement or control 

over the action or such discretionary 

involvement or control is authorized by 

law. Consequently, some Federal 

agencies may request reinitiation of 

consultation with us on actions for 

which formal consultation has been 

completed, if those actions may affect 

subsequently listed species or 

designated critical habitat or adversely 

modify or destroy proposed critical 

habitat. 

Federal activities that may affect 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum or their designated 

critical habitat will require section 7 

consultation under the Act. Activities 

on State, Tribal, local or private lands 

requiring a Federal permit (such as a 

permit from the Army Corps of 

Engineers under section 404 of the 

Clean Water Act or a permit under 

section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act from the 

Service) or involving some other Federal 

action (such as funding from the Federal 

Highway Administration, Federal 

Aviation Administration, or the Federal 

Emergency Management Agency) will 

also be subject to the section 7 

consultation process. Federal actions 

not affecting listed species or critical 

habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, 

local or private lands that are not 

federally funded, authorized, or 

permitted, do not require section 7 

consultations. 

Application of the Jeopardy and 

Adverse Modification Standards for 

Actions Involving Effects to Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum and Their Critical 

Habitat 

Jeopardy Standard 

The Service applies an analytical 

framework for Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

jeopardy analyses that relies heavily on 

the importance of core area populations 

to the survival and recovery of these 

species. The section 7(a)(2) analysis is 

focused not only on these populations 

but also on the habitat conditions 

necessary to support them. 

The jeopardy analysis usually 

expresses the survival and recovery 

needs of Arenaria ursina, Castilleja 

cinerea, and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum in a qualitative 

fashion without making distinctions 

between what is necessary for survival 

and what is necessary for recovery. 

Generally, if a proposed Federal action 

is incompatible with the viability of the 

affected core area population(s), 

inclusive of associated habitat 

conditions, a jeopardy finding is 

considered to be warranted, because of 

the relationship of each core area 

population to the survival and recovery 

of the species as a whole. 

Adverse Modification Standard 

The analytical framework described 

in the Director’s December 9, 2004, 

memorandum will be used to complete 

section 7(a)(2) analyses for Federal 

actions affecting critical habitat for 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. The key factor related 

to the adverse modification 

determination is whether, with 

implementation of the proposed Federal 

action, the affected critical habitat 

would remain functional (or retain the 

current ability for the primary 

constituent elements to be functionally 

established) to serve its intended 

conservation role for the species. 

Generally, the conservation role of 

critical habitat units for these species is 

to support viable core area populations. 

Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us 

to briefly evaluate and describe in any 

proposed or final regulation that 

designates critical habitat those 

activities involving a Federal action that 

may destroy or adversely modify such 

habitat, or that may be affected by such 

designation. Activities that may destroy 

or adversely modify critical habitat may 

also jeopardize the continued existence 

of the species. 

Activities that may destroy or 

adversely modify critical habitat are 

those that alter the PCEs to an extent 

that the conservation value of critical 

habitat for Arenaria ursina, Castilleja 

cinerea, or Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum is appreciably 

reduced. Activities that, when carried 

out, funded, or authorized by a Federal 

agency, may affect critical habitat and 

therefore result in consultation for the 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum include, but are not 

limited to the following (please see the 

‘‘Special Management Considerations or 

Protection’’ section for a more detailed 

discussion on the impacts of these 

actions to the listed species): 

(1) Actions that result in ground 

disturbance to pebble plains. Such 

activities could include, but are not 

limited to: Residential or recreational 

development, OHV activity, dispersed 

recreation, new road construction or 

widening, existing road maintenance, 

and grazing (such as cattle and burros). 

These activities could impact pebble 

plains by damaging or eliminating 

habitat, altering soil composition due to 

increased erosion, and allowing 

nonnative invasive plant species to 

invade. In addition, changes in the soil 

composition may lead to cascading 

changes in the vegetation composition, 

such as growth of shrub cover that 

decreases density or eliminates pebble 

plain species. 

(2) Actions that result in alteration of 

the hydrological regime of the pebble 

plain habitat. Such activities could 

include residential or recreational 

development adjacent to pebble plains, 

OHV activity, dispersed recreation, new 

road construction or widening, and 

existing road maintenance. These 

activities could alter surface layers and 

hydrological regime in a manner that 

promotes loss of clay components of soil 

matrix necessary to support the growth 

and reproduction of the pebble plain 

species. 

All of the units and subunits 

proposed as critical habitat contain 

features essential to the conservation of 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum. Federal agencies 

already consult with us on activities in 

areas currently occupied by Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum or if these species may 

be affected by the action, to ensure that 

their actions do not jeopardize the 

continued existence of these species. 

Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the 

Act 

Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that 

critical habitat shall be designated, and 

revised, on the basis of the best 

available scientific data after taking into 

consideration the economic impact, 

national security impact, and any other 

relevant impact, of specifying any 

particular area as critical habitat. The 

Secretary may exclude an area from 

critical habitat if he determines that the 

benefits of such exclusion outweigh the 

benefits of specifying such area as part 

of the critical habitat, unless he 

determines, based on the best scientific 


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data available, that the failure to 

designate such area as critical habitat 

will result in the extinction of the 

species. In making that determination, 

the Secretary is afforded broad 

discretion, and the Congressional record 

is clear that in making a determination 

under the section the Secretary has 

discretion as to which factors to 

consider and how much weight will be 

given to any factor. 

Under section 4(b)(2), in considering 

whether to exclude a particular area 

from the designation, we must identify 

the benefits of including the area in the 

designation, identify the benefits of 

excluding the area from the designation, 

and determine whether the benefits of 

exclusion outweigh the benefits of 

inclusion. If an exclusion is 

contemplated, then we must determine 

whether excluding the area would result 

in the extinction of the species. In the 

following sections, we address a number 

of general issues that are relevant to any 

exclusions we may consider. 

We are not aware of any habitat 

conservation plans under development 

for Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, 

or Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum on any lands included 

in this proposal, and the proposed 

designation does not include any Tribal 

lands or trust resources. During the 

development of this proposal, we 

coordinated with SBNF staff to seek 

input on the appropriate areas to 

include in proposed critical habitat that 

would be essential to Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum on 

SBNF lands. 

We examined the USFS’s 2002 Pebble 

Plain Management Guide (Management 

Guide), which was designed to provide 

management direction for the 

conservation of pebble plain habitat in 

the SBNF, to aid in recovery of the three 

federally listed plants, and to improve 

conditions for Forest Sensitive species 

occurring in this habitat and identifies 

the following management goals and 

actions necessary to reduce impacts to 

pebble plain habitat: protecting pebble 

plain habitat throughout its geographic 

range, reducing habitat loss and 

fragmentation, maintaining site 

viability, and encouraging compatible 

uses (USFS 2002, p. i). 

We also examined the USFS’s Revised 

Land and Resource Management Plans 

for the Four Southern California Forests, 

California (Forest Plan) that was 

approved in September 2005, and the 

Service’s biological opinion that was 

issued on the Forest Plan on September 

15, 2005. While the USFS has 

implemented many of the actions 

outlined in the Management Guide and 

Forest Plan, we believe ongoing 

unauthorized activities continue to 

require special management. Therefore, 

we are not proposing to exclude any 

areas under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. 

The Service is conducting an 

economic analysis of the impacts of the 

proposed critical habitat designation 

and related factors, which will be 

available for public review and 

comment. Based on public comment on 

that document, the proposed 

designation itself, and the information 

in the final economic analysis, habitat 

containing essential features for 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum may be excluded from 

final critical habitat by the Secretary 

under the provisions of section 4(b)(2) 

of the Act. This is provided for in the 

Act, and in our implementing 

regulations at 50 CFR 424.19. 

Economic Analysis 

An analysis of the economic impacts 

of proposing critical habitat for Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum is being prepared. We 

will announce the availability of the 

draft economic analysis as soon as it is 

completed, at which time we will seek 

public review and comment. At that 

time, copies of the draft economic 

analysis will be available for 

downloading from the Internet at http:// 

www.fws.gov/carlsbad or by contacting 

the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office 

directly (see ADDRESSES). 

Peer Review 

In accordance with our joint policy 

published in the Federal Register on 

July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we will seek 

the expert opinions of at least three 

appropriate and independent specialists 

regarding this proposed rule. The 

purpose of such review is to ensure that 

our critical habitat designation is based 

on scientifically sound data, 

assumptions, and analyses. We will 

send copies of this proposed rule to 

these peer reviewers copies immediately 

following publication in the Federal 

Register. We will invite these peer 

reviewers to comment, during the 

public comment period, on the specific 

assumptions and conclusions regarding 

the proposed designation of critical 

habitat. 

We will consider all comments and 

information received during the 

comment period on this proposed rule 

during preparation of a final 

rulemaking. Accordingly, the final 

decision may differ from this proposal. 

Public Hearings 

The Act provides for one or more 

public hearings on this proposal, if 

requested. Requests for public hearings 

must be made in writing at least 15 days 

prior to the close of the public comment 

period. We will schedule public 

hearings on this proposal, if any are 

requested, and announce the dates, 

times, and places of those hearings in 

the Federal Register and local 

newspapers at least 15 days prior to the 

first hearing. 

Clarity of the Rule 

Executive Order 12866 requires each 

agency to write regulations and notices 

that are easy to understand. We invite 

your comments on how to make this 

proposed rule easier to understand, 

including answers to questions such as 

the following: (1) Are the requirements 

in the proposed rule clearly stated? (2) 

Does the proposed rule contain 

technical jargon that interferes with the 

clarity? (3) Does the format of the 

proposed rule (grouping and order of 

the sections, use of headings, 

paragraphing, and so forth) aid or 

reduce its clarity? (4) Is the description 

of the notice in the SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION section of the preamble 

helpful in understanding the proposed 

rule? (5) What else could we do to make 

this proposed rule easier to understand? 

Send a copy of any comments on how 

we could make this proposed rule easier 

to understand to: Office of Regulatory 

Affairs, Department of the Interior, 

Room 7229, 1849 C Street, NW., 

Washington, DC 20240. You may e-mail 

your comments to this address: 

Exsec@ios.doi.gov. 

Required Determinations 

Regulatory Planning and Review 

In accordance with Executive Order 

12866, this document is a significant 

rule in that it may raise novel legal and 

policy issues, but it is not anticipated to 

have an annual effect on the economy 

of $100 million or more or affect the 

economy in a material way. Due to the 

tight timeline for publication in the 

Federal Register, the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) has not 

formally reviewed this rule. We are 

preparing a draft economic analysis of 

this proposed action, which will be 

available for public comment, to 

determine the economic consequences 

of designating the specific area as 

critical habitat. This economic analysis 

also will be used to determine 

compliance with Executive Order 

12866, Regulatory Flexibility Act, Small 

Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act, Executive Order 12630, 


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Executive Order 13211, and Executive 

Order 12875. 

Within these areas, the types of 

Federal actions or authorized activities 

that we have identified as potential 

concerns are listed above in the section 

on Section 7 Consultation. The 

availability of the draft economic 

analysis will be announced in the 

Federal Register and in local 

newspapers so that it is available for 

public review and comments. The draft 

economic analysis can be obtained from 

the Internet Web site at http:// 

www.fws.gov/carlsbad or by contacting 

the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office 

directly (see ADDRESSES). 

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 

et seq.) 

Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act 

(5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996), 

whenever an agency is required to 

publish a notice of rulemaking for any 

proposed or final rule, it must prepare 

and make available for public comment 

a regulatory flexibility analysis that 

describes the effects of the rule on small 

entities (small businesses, small 

organizations, and small government 

jurisdictions). However, no regulatory 

flexibility analysis is required if the 

head of the agency certifies the rule will 

not have a significant economic impact 

on a substantial number of small 

entities. The SBREFA amended the 

Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) to 

require Federal agencies to provide a 

statement of the factual basis for 

certifying that the rule will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

At this time, the Service lacks the 

available economic information 

necessary to provide an adequate factual 

basis for the required RFA finding. 

Therefore, the RFA finding is deferred 

until completion of the draft economic 

analysis prepared under to section 

4(b)(2) of the Act and E.O. 12866. This 

draft economic analysis will provide the 

required factual basis for the RFA 

finding. Upon completion of the draft 

economic analysis, the Service will 

publish a notice of availability of the 

draft economic analysis of the proposed 

designation and reopen the public 

comment period for the proposed 

designation for an additional 60 days. 

The Service will include with the notice 

of availability, as appropriate, an initial 

regulatory flexibility analysis or a 

certification that the rule will not have 

a significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities 

accompanied by the factual basis for 

that determination. The Service has 

concluded that deferring the RFA 

finding until completion of the draft 

economic analysis is necessary to meet 

the purposes and requirements of the 

RFA. Deferring the RFA finding in this 

manner will ensure that the Service 

makes a sufficiently informed 

determination based on adequate 

economic information and provides the 

necessary opportunity for public 

comment. 

Executive Order 13211 

On May 18, 2001, the President issued 

an Executive Order (E.O. 13211) on 

regulations that significantly affect 

energy supply, distribution, and use. 

Executive Order 13211 requires agencies 

to prepare Statements of Energy Effects 

when undertaking certain actions. 

Although this proposed rule to 

designate critical habitat for Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, and 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum is a significant 

regulatory action under Executive Order 

12866, it is not expected to significantly 

affect energy supplies, distribution, or 

use. Therefore, this action is not a 

significant energy action and no 

Statement of Energy Effects is required. 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 

U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) 

In accordance with the Unfunded 

Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501), 

the Service makes the following 

findings: 

(a) This rule will not produce a 

Federal mandate. In general, a Federal 

mandate is a provision in legislation, 

statute or regulation that would impose 

an enforceable duty upon State, local, 

tribal governments, or the private sector 

and includes both ‘‘Federal 

intergovernmental mandates’’ and 

‘‘Federal private sector mandates.’’

These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 

658(5)–(7). ‘‘Federal intergovernmental 

mandate’’ includes a regulation that 

‘‘would impose an enforceable duty 

upon State, local, or tribal governments’’

with two exceptions. It excludes ‘‘a 

condition of Federal assistance.’’ It also 

excludes ‘‘a duty arising from 

participation in a voluntary Federal 

program,’’ unless the regulation ‘‘relates 

to a then-existing Federal program 

under which $500,000,000 or more is 

provided annually to State, local, and 

tribal governments under entitlement 

authority,’’ if the provision would 

‘‘increase the stringency of conditions of 

assistance’’ or ‘‘place caps upon, or 

otherwise decrease, the Federal 

Government’s responsibility to provide 

funding,’’ and the State, local, or tribal 

governments ‘‘lack authority’’ to adjust 

accordingly. At the time of enactment, 

these entitlement programs were: 

Medicaid; AFDC work programs; Child 

Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services 

Block Grants; Vocational Rehabilitation 

State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption 

Assistance, and Independent Living; 

Family Support Welfare Services; and 

Child Support Enforcement. ‘‘Federal 

private sector mandate’’ includes a 

regulation that ‘‘would impose an 

enforceable duty upon the private 

sector, except (i) a condition of Federal 

assistance or (ii) a duty arising from 

participation in a voluntary Federal 

program.’’

The designation of critical habitat 

does not impose a legally binding duty 

on non-Federal government entities or 

private parties. Under the Act, the only 

regulatory effect is that Federal agencies 

must ensure that their actions do not 

destroy or adversely modify critical 

habitat under section 7. While nonFederal entities that receive Federal 

funding, assistance, or permits, or that 

otherwise require approval or 

authorization from a Federal agency for 

an action, may be indirectly impacted 

by the designation of critical habitat, the 

legally binding duty to avoid 

destruction or adverse modification of 

critical habitat rests squarely on the 

Federal agency. Furthermore, to the 

extent that non-Federal entities are 

indirectly impacted because they 

receive Federal assistance or participate 

in a voluntary Federal aid program, the 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would 

not apply; nor would critical habitat 

shift the costs of the large entitlement 

programs listed above on to State 

governments. 

Due to current public knowledge of 

the species’ protection and the fact that 

virtually all of the proposed critical 

habitat is on Federal lands, we do not 

anticipate that this rule will 

significantly or uniquely affect small 

governments. As such, Small 

Government Agency Plan is not 

required. However, we will further 

evaluate this issue as we conduct our 

economic analysis and revise this 

assessment if appropriate. 

Takings 

In accordance with Executive Order 

12630 (‘‘Government Actions and 

Interference with Constitutionally 

Protected Private Property Rights’’), we 

have analyzed the potential takings 

implications of designating critical 

habitat for the Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum in a 

takings implications assessment. The 

takings implications assessment 

concludes that this designation of 

critical habitat for the Arenaria ursina, 


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Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum does not 

pose significant takings implications. 

However, we will further evaluate this 

issue as we conduct our economic 

analysis and review and revise this 

assessment as warranted. 

Federalism 

In accordance with Executive Order 

13132, the rule does not have significant 

Federalism effects. A Federalism 

assessment is not required. In keeping 

with DOI and Department of Commerce 

policy, we requested information from, 

and coordinated development of, this 

proposed critical habitat designation 

with appropriate State resource agencies 

in California. The designation of critical 

habitat in areas currently occupied by 

Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum imposes no additional 

restrictions to those currently in place 

and, therefore, has little incremental 

impact on State and local governments 

and their activities. The designation 

may have some benefit to these 

governments in that the areas that 

contain the features essential to the 

conservation of the species are more 

clearly defined, and the primary 

constituent elements of the habitat 

necessary to the conservation of the 

species are specifically identified. While 

making this definition and 

identification does not alter where and 

what federally sponsored activities may 

occur, it may assist these local 

governments in long-range planning 

(rather than waiting for case-by-case 

section 7 consultations to occur). 

Civil Justice Reform 

In accordance with Executive Order 

12988, the Office of the Solicitor has 

determined that the rule does not 

unduly burden the judicial system and 

meets the requirements of sections 3(a) 

and 3(b)(2) of the Order. We have 

proposed designating critical habitat in 

accordance with the provisions of the 

Endangered Species Act. This proposed 

rule uses standard property descriptions 

and identifies the primary constituent 

elements within the designated areas to 

assist the public in understanding the 

habitat needs of Arenaria ursina, 

Castilleja cinerea, and Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum. 

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 

U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) 

This rule does not contain any new 

collections of information that require 

approval by OMB under the Paperwork 

Reduction Act. This rule will not 

impose recordkeeping or reporting 

requirements on State or local 

governments, individuals, businesses, or 

organizations. An agency may not 

conduct or sponsor, and a person is not 

required to respond to, a collection of 

information unless it displays a 

currently valid OMB control number. 

National Environmental Policy Act 

It is our position that, outside the 

Tenth Circuit, we do not need to 

prepare environmental analyses as 

defined by the NEPA in connection with 

designating critical habitat under the 

Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 

amended. We published a notice 

outlining our reasons for this 

determination in the Federal Register 

on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). This 

assertion was upheld in the courts of the 

Ninth Circuit (Douglas County v. 

Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. Ore. 

1995), cert. denied 116 S. Ct. 698 (1996). 

Government-to-Government 

Relationship With Tribes 

In accordance with the President’s 

memorandum of April 29, 1994, 

‘‘Government-to-Government Relations 

with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), Executive 

Order 13175, and the Department of 

Interior’s manual at 512 DM 2, we 

readily acknowledge our responsibility 

to communicate meaningfully with 

recognized Federal Tribes on a 

government-to-government basis. We 

have determined that there are no Tribal 

lands supporting habitat for Arenaria 

ursina, Castilleja cinerea, or Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum that 

meets the definition of critical habitat. 

Therefore, designation of critical habitat 

for Arenaria ursina, Castilleja cinerea, 

and Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum has not been proposed 

on Tribal lands. 

References Cited 

A complete list of all references cited 

in this rulemaking is available upon 

request from the Field Supervisor, 

Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (see 

ADDRESSES section). 

Author(s) 

The primary author of this package is 

the staff of the Carlsbad Fish and 

Wildlife Office. 

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 

Endangered and threatened species, 

Exports, Imports, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements, 

Transportation. 

Proposed Regulation Promulgation 

Accordingly, we propose to amend 

part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 

50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 

as set forth below: 

PART 17—[AMENDED] 

1. The authority citation for part 17 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 16 U.S.C. 

1531–1544; 16 U.S.C. 4201–4245; Pub. L. 99–

625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted. 

2. In § 17.12(h), revise the entries for 

‘‘Arenaria ursina’’, ‘‘Castilleja cinerea’’, 

and ‘‘Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum’’ under ‘‘FLOWERING 

PLANTS’’ to read as follows: 

§ 17.12 Endangered and threatened plants. 

* * * * * 

(h) * * * 

Species 

Historic range Family Status When listed Critical 

habitat 

Special 

rules Scientific name Common name 

FLOWERING PLANTS

* * * * * * * 

Arenaria ursina ........ Bear Valley 

sandwort.

U.S.A. (CA) ............. Caryophyllaceae ..... T 644 17.96(a) NA 

* * * * * * * 

Castilleja cinerea ..... Ash-gray Indian 

paintbrush.

U.S.A. (CA) ............. Orobanchaceae ...... T 644 17.96(a) NA 


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Species 

Historic range Family Status When listed Critical 

habitat 

Special 

rules Scientific name Common name 

* * * * * * * 

Eriogonum kennedyi 

var. 

austromontanum.

Southern mountain 

wild-buckwheat.

U.S.A. (CA) ............. Polygonaceae ......... T 644 17.96(a) NA 

* * * * * * * 

3. In § 17.96(a), as set forth below: 

a. Add ‘‘Family Caryophyllaceae’’ and 

‘‘Family Orobanchaceae’’ in 

alphabetical order of the family names; 

b. Add a critical habitat entry for 

‘‘Arenaria ursina’’ under Family 

Caryophyllaceae and a critical habitat 

entry for ‘‘Castilleja cinerea’’ under 

Family Orobanchaeae; and 

c. Add a critical habitat entry for 

‘‘Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum’’ in alphabetical order 

under Family Polygonaceae. 

§ 17.96 Critical habitat—plants. 

* * * * * 

(a) Flowering plants. 

* * * * * 

Family Caryophyllaceae: Arenaria 

ursina (Bear Valley sandwort) 

(1) Critical habitat units for this 

species are found in San Bernardino 

County, California. The critical habitat 

units designated for this species are 

related to those set forth elsewhere in 

this section for Family Orobanchaceae: 

Castilleja cinerea (Ash-gray Indian 

paintbrush) and Family Polygonaceae: 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum (Southern mountain 

wild-buckwheat). Because all of the 

critical habitat units for these three 

species are designated for Family 

Orobanchaceae: Castilleja cinerea (Ashgray Indian paintbrush), the units are set 

forth in text and depicted on the maps 

in the critical habitat entry for that 

species. 

(2) The primary constituent elements 

of critical habitat for Arenaria ursina are 

the habitat components that provide: 

(i) Pebble plains or dry meadows in 

openings within upper montane 

coniferous forest, pinyon-juniper 

woodlands, or Mojavean desert scrub in 

the San Bernardino Mountains of San 

Bernardino County, California, at 

elevations between 5,900 to 9,800 feet 

(1,830 to 2,990 meters) that provide 

space for individual and population 

growth, reproduction, and dispersal; 

and 

(ii) Seasonally wet clay or sandy, clay 

soils, generally containing quartzite 

pebbles, subject to natural hydrological 

processes that include water hydrating 

the soil and freezing in winter and 

drying in summer causing lifting and 

churning of included pebbles, to 

provide adequate water, air, minerals, 

and other nutritional or physiological 

requirements to the species. 

(3) Critical habitat does not include 

manmade structures (such as buildings, 

aqueducts, airports, roads, and other 

paved areas) and the land on which they 

are located existing on the effective date 

of this rule and not containing one or 

more of the primary constituent 

elements. 

(4) The applicable units and subunits 

of critical habitat for Arenaria ursina are 

1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 

6A, 6B, 7A, 8A, 8B, 10, 11A, and 11B 

in the critical habitat entry for Family 

Orobanchaceae: Castilleja cinerea (Ashgray Indian paintbrush). 

* * * * * 

Family Orobanchaceae: Castilleja 

cinerea (Ash-Gray Indian Paintbrush) 

(1) Critical habitat units for this 

species are found in San Bernardino 

County, California. The critical habitat 

units designated for this species are 

related to those set forth elsewhere in 

this section for Family Caryophyllaceae: 

Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley sandwort) 

and Family Polygonaceae: Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

(Southern mountain wild-buckwheat). 

Because all of critical habitat units for 

these three species are designated for 

Castilleja cinerea, the units are set forth 

in text and depicted on the maps below 

in the entry for this species. 

(2) The primary constituent elements 

of critical habitat for Castilleja cinerea 

are the habitat components that provide: 

(i) Pebble plains or dry meadows in 

openings within upper montane 

coniferous forest, pinyon-juniper 

woodlands, or Mojavean desert scrub in 

the San Bernardino Mountains of San 

Bernardino County, California, at 

elevations between 5,900 to 9,800 feet 

(1,830 to 2,990 meters) that provide 

space for individual and population 

growth, reproduction, and dispersal; 

(ii) Seasonally wet clay or sandy, clay 

soils, generally containing quartzite 

pebbles, subject to natural hydrological 

processes that include water hydrating 

the soil and freezing in winter and 

drying in summer causing lifting and 

churning of included pebbles, to 

provide adequate water, air, minerals, 

and other nutritional or physiological 

requirements to the species; and 

(iii) The presence of one or more of 

its known host species such as 

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum, E. k. var. kennedyi, 

and E. wrightii var. subscaposumon in 

pebble plain habitat and species such as 

Artemisia tridentata, A. nova, and E. 

wrightii var. subscaposumon in pebble 

plain and non-pebble plain habitat that 

provide some of the physiological 

requirements for this species. 

(3) Critical habitat does not include 

manmade structures (such as buildings, 

aqueducts, airports, roads, and other 

paved areas) and the land on which they 

are located existing on the effective date 

of this rule and not containing one or 

more of the primary constituent 

elements. 

(4) Critical habitat map units. Data 

layers defining map units were created 

on a base of USGS 1:24,0000 maps, and 

critical habitat units were then mapped 

using Universal Transverse Mercator 

(UTM) coordinates. 

(5) The applicable units and subunits 

of critical habitat for Castilleja cinerea 

are 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4C, 

5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9, 

10, 11A, and 11B. 

(6) Note: Index map of critical habitat 

units for Family Caryophyllaceae: 

Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley sandwort), 

Family Orobanchaceae: Castilleja 

cinerea (Ash-gray Indian paintbrush), 

and Family Polygonaceae: Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

(Southern mountain wild-buckwheat) 

(Map 1) follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


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(7) Unit 1: Arrastre/Union Flat, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Big Bear 

City. 

(i) Subunit 1A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 512434, 3795966; 512436, 

3795961; 512446, 3795966; 512450, 

3795966; 512469, 3795969; 512508, 

3795965; 512533, 3795959; 512537, 

3795959; 512539, 3795960; 512549, 

3795964; 512560, 3795961; 512568, 

3795954; 512573, 3795948; 512573, 

3795936; 512571, 3795930; 512568, 

3795927; 512565, 3795927; 512563, 

3795927; 512563, 3795924; 512561, 

3795914; 512556, 3795904; 512555, 

3795903; 512554, 3795901; 512548, 

3795879; 512535, 3795835; 512544, 

3795791; 512546, 3795790; 512554, 

3795787; 512568, 3795779; 512576, 

3795774; 512582, 3795771; 512592, 

3795764; 512595, 3795753; 512595, 

3795747; 512591, 3795739; 512584, 

3795732; 512581, 3795731; 512575, 

3795727; 512569, 3795727; 512560, 

3795728; 512552, 3795733; 512544, 

3795739; 512542, 3795740; 512541, 

3795739; 512540, 3795738; 512525, 

3795717; 512469, 3795694; 512447, 

3795680; 512445, 3795679; 512427, 

3795653; 512428, 3795649; 512450, 

3795617; 512476, 3795588; 512476, 

3795588; 512504, 3795564; 512514, 

3795552; 512541, 3795525; 512546, 

3795509; 512548, 3795508; 512553, 

3795501; 512554, 3795500; 512558, 

3795490; 512566, 3795479; 512573, 

3795468; 512584, 3795444; 512586, 

3795433; 512588, 3795412; 512594, 

3795398; 512601, 3795395; 512607, 

3795395; 512627, 3795401; 512632, 

3795400; 512641, 3795402; 512654, 

3795400; 512675, 3795405; 512691, 

3795401; 512699, 3795397; 512703, 

3795397; 512707, 3795394; 512715, 

3795393; 512718, 3795391; 512730, 

3795388; 512740, 3795378; 512742, 

3795374; 512746, 3795371; 512770, 

3795357; 512806, 3795330; 512815, 

3795317; 512837, 3795311; 512856, 

3795327; 512872, 3795330; 512883, 

3795343; 512886, 3795339; 512900, 

3795331; 512905, 3795319; 512909, 

3795312; 512913, 3795307; 512913, 

3795306; 512913, 3795305; 512914, 

3795303; 512920, 3795287; 512924, 

3795286; 512935, 3795275; 512938, 

3795270; 512944, 3795264; 512948, 

3795258; 512953, 3795250; 512955, 

3795245; 512954, 3795239; 512953, 

3795233; 512949, 3795225; 512946, 

3795221; 512949, 3795219; 512976, 

3795203; 512998, 3795196; 513008, 

3795189; 513014, 3795187; 513019, 

3795183; 513030, 3795176; 513031, 

3795173; 513048, 3795163; 513049, 

3795158; 513051, 3795154; 513053, 

3795150; 513053, 3795143; 513053, 

3795142; 513056, 3795131; 513053, 

3795122; 513053, 3795109; 513055, 

3795098; 513059, 3795095; 513062, 

3795091; 513066, 3795086; 513069, 

3795084; 513072, 3795077; 513076, 

3795073; 513079, 3795066; 513080, 

3795064; 513083, 3795057; 513083, 

3795052; 513083, 3795047; 513082, 

3795043; 513080, 3795036; 513080, 

3795034; 513079, 3795025; 513077, 

3795018; 513075, 3795011; 513075, 

3795007; 513072, 3794999; 513069, 

3794994; 513066, 3794989; 513058, 

3794982; 513053, 3794982; 513047, 

3794982; 513037, 3794982; 513035, 

3794981; 513017, 3794975; 513010, 

3794975; 513006, 3794978; 513000, 

3794981; 512993, 3794985; 512988, 

3794988; 512973, 3794993; 512965, 

3794993; 512960, 3794991; 512951, 

3794990; 512944, 3794988; 512938, 

3794987; 512934, 3794988; 512924, 

3794989; 512915, 3794991; 512897, 

3794997; 512886, 3795001; 512875, 

3795007; 512866, 3795012; 512852, 

3795026; 512850, 3795031; 512847, 

3795037; 512848, 3795042; 512848, 

3795045; 512856, 3795057; 512861, 

3795057; 512871, 3795053; 512875, 

3795052; 512883, 3795047; 512863, 

3795065; 512861, 3795066; 512853, 

3795072; 512853, 3795075; 512847, 

3795081; 512851, 3795097; 512867, 

3795120; 512875, 3795132; 512879, 

3795132; 512881, 3795135; 512913, 

3795143; 512919, 3795177; 512903, 

3795187; 512899, 3795188; 512884, 

3795190; 512840, 3795190; 512839, 

3795192; 512835, 3795194; 512826, 

3795195; 512825, 3795196; 512811, 

3795199; 512812, 3795203; 512811, 

3795204; 512811, 3795217; 512800, 

3795241; 512793, 3795247; 512785, 

3795251; 512778, 3795254; 512765, 

3795263; 512732, 3795279; 512696, 

3795299; 512648, 3795303; 512621, 

3795315; 512618, 3795316; 512607, 

3795318; 512601, 3795321; 512585, 

3795327; 512561, 3795335; 512558, 

3795344; 512555, 3795349; 512545, 

3795359; 512533, 3795366; 512510, 

3795373; 512508, 3795373; 512500, 

3795376; 512498, 3795372; 512497, 

3795370; 512495, 3795367; 512492, 

3795368; 512490, 3795372; 512490, 

3795379; 512489, 3795379; 512484, 

3795381; 512485, 3795387; 512482, 

3795398; 512482, 3795418; 512485, 

3795432; 512484, 3795433; 512486, 

3795443; 512486, 3795452; 512453, 

3795490; 512413, 3795508; 512409, 

3795509; 512408, 3795507; 512406, 

3795499; 512398, 3795500; 512390, 

3795509; 512386, 3795512; 512354, 

3795501; 512340, 3795496; 512357, 

3795495; 512366, 3795491; 512362, 

3795478; 512360, 3795467; 512361, 

3795466; 512364, 3795462; 512368, 

3795462; 512373, 3795469; 512376, 

3795462; 512392, 3795462; 512392, 

3795461; 512393, 3795461; 512401, 

3795463; 512406, 3795462; 512408, 

3795459; 512429, 3795455; 512432, 

3795454; 512437, 3795449; 512437, 

3795446; 512434, 3795435; 512431, 

3795430; 512434, 3795422; 512433, 

3795419; 512434, 3795416; 512432, 

3795410; 512433, 3795405; 512430, 

3795402; 512428, 3795397; 512423, 

3795395; 512421, 3795393; 512393, 

3795381; 512369, 3795385; 512368, 

3795386; 512367, 3795386; 512351, 

3795394; 512339, 3795398; 512339, 

3795414; 512342, 3795418; 512342, 

3795425; 512350, 3795437; 512339, 

3795449; 512324, 3795455; 512306, 

3795472; 512299, 3795481; 512283, 

3795473; 512264, 3795473; 512249, 

3795472; 512248, 3795473; 512247, 

3795473; 512237, 3795473; 512228, 

3795473; 512223, 3795475; 512207, 

3795477; 512189, 3795483; 512172, 

3795485; 512165, 3795492; 512163, 

3795493; 512156, 3795496; 512155, 

3795496; 512150, 3795497; 512149, 

3795498; 512135, 3795504; 512124, 

3795510; 512100, 3795517; 512095, 

3795519; 512080, 3795516; 512060, 

3795516; 512044, 3795536; 512052, 

3795560; 512056, 3795588; 512064, 

3795616; 512064, 3795617; 512065, 

3795620; 512081, 3795644; 512087, 

3795650; 512088, 3795651; 512089, 

3795652; 512101, 3795664; 512123, 

3795675; 512123, 3795688; 512123, 

3795695; 512122, 3795699; 512119, 

3795715; 512111, 3795727; 512119, 

3795747; 512125, 3795759; 512133, 

3795784; 512135, 3795798; 512143, 

3795822; 512155, 3795842; 512171, 

3795857; 512199, 3795878; 512223, 

3795886; 512228, 3795889; 512235, 

3795890; 512242, 3795892; 512248, 

3795895; 512282, 3795913; 512334, 

3795929; 512377, 3795941; 512380, 

3795941; 512383, 3795942; 512387, 

3795942; 512394, 3795943; 512397, 

3795947; 512412, 3795966; 512417, 

3795971; 512422, 3795975; 512427, 

3795979; 512430, 3795978; 512434, 

3795966. 

(ii) Subunit 1B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 513282, 3797202; 513312, 

3797195; 513346, 3797179; 513347, 

3797179; 513352, 3797178; 513378, 

3797155; 513382, 3797151; 513404, 

3797137; 513430, 3797126; 513434, 

3797122; 513438, 3797119; 513475, 

3797110; 513503, 3797106; 513500, 

3797115; 513500, 3797124; 513510, 

3797137; 513520, 3797137; 513532, 

3797131; 513545, 3797124; 513554, 

3797111; 513554, 3797108; 513567, 

3797110; 513599, 3797116; 513650, 


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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 67733 

3797107; 513655, 3797103; 513659, 

3797103; 513666, 3797099; 513668, 

3797098; 513694, 3797083; 513708, 

3797069; 513727, 3797057; 513758, 

3797027; 513788, 3796985; 513797, 

3796978; 513801, 3796976; 513815, 

3796968; 513834, 3796962; 513876, 

3796962; 513926, 3796970; 513952, 

3796981; 513956, 3796985; 513979, 

3797000; 514002, 3797019; 514028, 

3797035; 514070, 3797061; 514093, 

3797069; 514129, 3797075; 514136, 

3797079; 514216, 3797087; 514238, 

3797082; 514329, 3797076; 514364, 

3797073; 514406, 3797069; 514444, 

3797046; 514455, 3797019; 514448, 

3797004; 514444, 3797001; 514441, 

3796991; 514418, 3796945; 514401, 

3796935; 514398, 3796928; 514393, 

3796914; 514396, 3796911; 514384, 

3796831; 514384, 3796806; 514387, 

3796798; 514383, 3796764; 514375, 

3796741; 514362, 3796721; 514357, 

3796709; 514343, 3796691; 514329, 

3796661; 514318, 3796650; 514303, 

3796631; 514288, 3796623; 514276, 

3796625; 514270, 3796622; 514239, 

3796625; 514197, 3796645; 514171, 

3796637; 514166, 3796635; 514151, 

3796626; 514106, 3796587; 514064, 

3796561; 514003, 3796519; 513965, 

3796488; 513946, 3796458; 513946, 

3796457; 513959, 3796433; 513996, 

3796392; 514005, 3796381; 514022, 

3796370; 514030, 3796350; 514036, 

3796343; 514043, 3796339; 514101, 

3796309; 514102, 3796309; 514108, 

3796307; 514111, 3796304; 514142, 

3796287; 514170, 3796255; 514215, 

3796208; 514291, 3796164; 514355, 

3796119; 514424, 3796055; 514439, 

3796024; 514451, 3796009; 514449, 

3795971; 514450, 3795964; 514443, 

3795894; 514441, 3795891; 514440, 

3795890; 514393, 3795830; 514332, 

3795801; 514321, 3795800; 514291, 

3795789; 514262, 3795785; 514258, 

3795783; 514231, 3795781; 514227, 

3795781; 514226, 3795781; 514155, 

3795776; 514144, 3795785; 514116, 

3795789; 514088, 3795817; 514047, 

3795891; 514018, 3795938; 514005, 

3795973; 513980, 3796014; 513957, 

3796046; 513948, 3796055; 513865, 

3796109; 513828, 3796145; 513797, 

3796168; 513780, 3796186; 513762, 

3796200; 513760, 3796201; 513723, 

3796230; 513687, 3796286; 513678, 

3796295; 513674, 3796304; 513669, 

3796313; 513661, 3796338; 513655, 

3796353; 513652, 3796365; 513634, 

3796408; 513630, 3796430; 513628, 

3796432; 513627, 3796434; 513625, 

3796439; 513622, 3796448; 513622, 

3796451; 513619, 3796455; 513615, 

3796461; 513612, 3796466; 513607, 

3796471; 513601, 3796475; 513594, 

3796479; 513581, 3796480; 513579, 

3796481; 513577, 3796481; 513568, 

3796491; 513563, 3796494; 513561, 

3796495; 513560, 3796500; 513560, 

3796506; 513560, 3796508; 513562, 

3796511; 513567, 3796513; 513573, 

3796517; 513578, 3796520; 513586, 

3796523; 513592, 3796524; 513582, 

3796530; 513580, 3796555; 513590, 

3796564; 513595, 3796566; 513601, 

3796566; 513598, 3796573; 513589, 

3796592; 513581, 3796602; 513570, 

3796605; 513551, 3796618; 513539, 

3796656; 513548, 3796669; 513548, 

3796676; 513571, 3796707; 513590, 

3796760; 513590, 3796810; 513587, 

3796851; 513586, 3796856; 513584, 

3796863; 513571, 3796887; 513565, 

3796881; 513546, 3796877; 513512, 

3796881; 513489, 3796900; 513481, 

3796923; 513481, 3796924; 513465, 

3796924; 513438, 3796920; 513432, 

3796923; 513431, 3796922; 513380, 

3796910; 513348, 3796878; 513329, 

3796849; 513326, 3796805; 513300, 

3796757; 513293, 3796749; 513291, 

3796739; 513275, 3796710; 513273, 

3796706; 513268, 3796698; 513256, 

3796676; 513232, 3796652; 513204, 

3796636; 513196, 3796629; 513168, 

3796629; 513162, 3796631; 513162, 

3796628; 513162, 3796619; 513158, 

3796609; 513155, 3796603; 513149, 

3796597; 513138, 3796593; 513131, 

3796584; 513128, 3796581; 513148, 

3796577; 513167, 3796562; 513167, 

3796528; 513152, 3796516; 513146, 

3796511; 513141, 3796511; 513118, 

3796501; 513119, 3796501; 513131, 

3796493; 513134, 3796488; 513145, 

3796482; 513149, 3796466; 513145, 

3796450; 513137, 3796434; 513126, 

3796434; 513115, 3796429; 513106, 

3796427; 513100, 3796425; 513087, 

3796427; 513085, 3796426; 513082, 

3796427; 513085, 3796425; 513089, 

3796424; 513094, 3796423; 513099, 

3796421; 513103, 3796421; 513107, 

3796420; 513109, 3796419; 513120, 

3796414; 513122, 3796411; 513123, 

3796407; 513123, 3796401; 513121, 

3796389; 513110, 3796387; 513089, 

3796387; 513085, 3796387; 513080, 

3796383; 513075, 3796378; 513069, 

3796376; 513065, 3796378; 513061, 

3796380; 513038, 3796401; 513031, 

3796403; 513022, 3796403; 513016, 

3796403; 513010, 3796404; 513007, 

3796408; 512998, 3796427; 512993, 

3796432; 512984, 3796432; 512976, 

3796431; 512967, 3796430; 512958, 

3796430; 512948, 3796431; 512942, 

3796435; 512942, 3796440; 512943, 

3796447; 512947, 3796453; 512958, 

3796458; 512968, 3796460; 512981, 

3796461; 512990, 3796462; 512998, 

3796461; 513002, 3796462; 513000, 

3796463; 512996, 3796465; 512992, 

3796472; 512986, 3796477; 512982, 

3796485; 512977, 3796493; 512985, 

3796499; 512986, 3796501; 512996, 

3796509; 513006, 3796518; 513003, 

3796519; 513001, 3796524; 513001, 

3796528; 513003, 3796531; 513006, 

3796533; 513013, 3796536; 513026, 

3796540; 513031, 3796543; 513019, 

3796558; 513004, 3796600; 513004, 

3796623; 513001, 3796637; 513009, 

3796690; 513024, 3796717; 513039, 

3796763; 513070, 3796797; 513089, 

3796843; 513096, 3796872; 513099, 

3796901; 513095, 3796915; 513094, 

3796917; 513076, 3796939; 513072, 

3796962; 513087, 3796975; 513089, 

3796980; 513123, 3797003; 513126, 

3797015; 513126, 3797031; 513106, 

3797069; 513087, 3797088; 513084, 

3797137; 513096, 3797163; 513103, 

3797175; 513141, 3797195; 513182, 

3797197; 513184, 3797197; 513218, 

3797201; 513240, 3797201; 513255, 

3797202; 513282, 3797202. 

(iii) Note: Map of Unit 1, Subunits 1A 

and 1B (Map 2), follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 67735 

(8) Unit 2: Big Bear Lake, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Big Bear 

Lake. 

(i) Subunit 2A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 506933, 3788172; 506933, 3788172; 

507055, 3788172; 507058, 3788169; 

507058, 3788169; 507166, 3788172; 

507208, 3788170; 507213, 3788165; 

507215, 3788157; 507213, 3788134; 

507205, 3788104; 507197, 3788062; 

507176, 3788009; 507151, 3787955; 

507123, 3787915; 507111, 3787897; 

507087, 3787865; 507069, 3787840; 

507045, 3787831; 507043, 3787831; 

507040, 3787820; 507041, 3787818; 

507036, 3787807; 507036, 3787807; 

507036, 3787806; 507036, 3787806; 

507025, 3787783; 507009, 3787755; 

507006, 3787754; 507000, 3787747; 

506974, 3787747; 506974, 3787747; 

506973, 3787747; 506968, 3787747; 

506967, 3787748; 506954, 3787751; 

506938, 3787779; 506942, 3787811; 

506954, 3787842; 506966, 3787866; 

506974, 3787869; 506956, 3787901; 

506949, 3787935; 506941, 3787974; 

506938, 3788020; 506941, 3788043; 

506939, 3788042; 506926, 3788042; 

506907, 3788042; 506901, 3788049; 

506892, 3788058; 506885, 3788071; 

506885, 3788093; 506888, 3788115; 

506895, 3788135; 506911, 3788153; 

506933, 3788160; 506933, 3788172. 

(ii) Subunit 2B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 507777, 3788001; 507780, 3787993; 

507783, 3788009; 507791, 3788029; 

507801, 3788015; 507806, 3788013; 

507806, 3788005; 507811, 3787989; 

507811, 3787973; 507811, 3787949; 

507810, 3787946; 507810, 3787941; 

507807, 3787932; 507806, 3787930; 

507804, 3787929; 507803, 3787925; 

507802, 3787925; 507790, 3787909; 

507764, 3787877; 507732, 3787851; 

507704, 3787839; 507688, 3787829; 

507686, 3787828; 507682, 3787826; 

507682, 3787827; 507678, 3787826; 

507674, 3787876; 507666, 3787929; 

507659, 3787975; 507659, 3788001; 

507669, 3788023; 507682, 3788035; 

507707, 3788042; 507729, 3788042; 

507752, 3788036; 507767, 3788013; 

507769, 3788006; 507777, 3788001. 

(iii) Note: Map of Unit 2, Subunits 2A 

and 2B (Map 3), follows: 


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67736 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with PROPOSAL_2EP22NO06.002</GPH>
Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 67737 

(9) Unit 3: Broom Flat, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Onyx 

Peak. 

(i) Subunit 3A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 525644, 3786958; 525650, 

3786943; 525657, 3786886; 525619, 

3786867; 525580, 3786879; 525577, 

3786894; 525574, 3786905; 525542, 

3786911; 525498, 3786892; 525473, 

3786847; 525450, 3786817; 525440, 

3786790; 525442, 3786753; 525491, 

3786702; 525528, 3786682; 525545, 

3786658; 525552, 3786616; 525518, 

3786601; 525472, 3786618; 525418, 

3786655; 525374, 3786645; 525352, 

3786596; 525312, 3786569; 525288, 

3786552; 525285, 3786508; 525261, 

3786459; 525229, 3786435; 525185, 

3786425; 525148, 3786423; 525114, 

3786442; 525107, 3786462; 525112, 

3786503; 525121, 3786543; 525151, 

3786587; 525190, 3786606; 525202, 

3786658; 525246, 3786724; 525278, 

3786795; 525327, 3786873; 525374, 

3786910; 525377, 3786968; 525396, 

3786994; 525428, 3787032; 525469, 

3787091; 525533, 3787152; 525580, 

3787209; 525619, 3787254; 525644, 

3787311; 525657, 3787355; 525688, 

3787387; 525733, 3787419; 525746, 

3787419; 525771, 3787444; 525771, 

3787508; 525777, 3787565; 525771, 

3787616; 525777, 3787641; 525815, 

3787629; 525834, 3787597; 525860, 

3787552; 525898, 3787527; 525911, 

3787495; 525904, 3787457; 525904, 

3787425; 525892, 3787368; 525860, 

3787324; 525828, 3787260; 525784, 

3787203; 525777, 3787152; 525765, 

3787127; 525733, 3787121; 525688, 

3787076; 525644, 3787019; 525638, 

3786974; 525644, 3786958. 

(ii) Subunit 3B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 525111, 3785431; 525155, 

3785406; 525142, 3785419; 525199, 

3785419; 525250, 3785412; 525307, 

3785393; 525365, 3785362; 525378, 

3785345; 525421, 3785349; 525497, 

3785323; 525558, 3785296; 525600, 

3785262; 525661, 3785220; 525706, 

3785197; 525744, 3785182; 525813, 

3785170; 525870, 3785170; 525950, 

3785201; 526053, 3785243; 526125, 

3785292; 526198, 3785323; 526247, 

3785330; 526297, 3785338; 526358, 

3785338; 526411, 3785327; 526457, 

3785292; 526491, 3785262; 526529, 

3785227; 526556, 3785170; 526556, 

3785132; 526552, 3785079; 526548, 

3785022; 526540, 3784978; 526562, 

3784983; 526585, 3784983; 526610, 

3784977; 526632, 3784967; 526642, 

3784945; 526639, 3784907; 526632, 

3784885; 526616, 3784847; 526604, 

3784834; 526588, 3784815; 526575, 

3784789; 526562, 3784774; 526617, 

3784774; 526651, 3784759; 526651, 

3784751; 526662, 3784735; 526662, 

3784724; 526642, 3784701; 526625, 

3784671; 526614, 3784655; 526626, 

3784653; 526636, 3784634; 526632, 

3784615; 526616, 3784593; 526604, 

3784577; 526594, 3784567; 526582, 

3784558; 526575, 3784548; 526562, 

3784542; 526550, 3784535; 526547, 

3784534; 526522, 3784488; 526509, 

3784440; 526506, 3784412; 526495, 

3784379; 526459, 3784332; 526457, 

3784330; 526449, 3784321; 526434, 

3784252; 526415, 3784229; 526418, 

3784219; 526423, 3784219; 526430, 

3784207; 526436, 3784191; 526442, 

3784178; 526445, 3784162; 526439, 

3784151; 526445, 3784130; 526476, 

3784019; 526510, 3783943; 526522, 

3783890; 526541, 3783795; 526567, 

3783692; 526579, 3783627; 526606, 

3783581; 526647, 3783490; 526680, 

3783446; 526713, 3783425; 526764, 

3783396; 526818, 3783371; 526861, 

3783342; 526873, 3783324; 526876, 

3783323; 526878, 3783320; 526913, 

3783270; 526922, 3783257; 526963, 

3783235; 526981, 3783233; 527032, 

3783219; 527050, 3783204; 527064, 

3783175; 527075, 3783143; 527071, 

3783137; 527074, 3783128; 527051, 

3783117; 527037, 3783121; 527006, 

3783124; 526970, 3783139; 526945, 

3783150; 526930, 3783150; 526898, 

3783168; 526872, 3783183; 526869, 

3783183; 526840, 3783163; 526840, 

3783139; 526843, 3783117; 526861, 

3783088; 526890, 3783052; 526911, 

3783037; 526907, 3783059; 526904, 

3783081; 526901, 3783107; 526917, 

3783113; 526926, 3783107; 526939, 

3783094; 526946, 3783072; 526955, 

3783069; 526958, 3783062; 526961, 

3783031; 526961, 3783008; 526960, 

3783003; 526974, 3782994; 526978, 

3782969; 526979, 3782968; 526979, 

3782967; 526981, 3782954; 526976, 

3782944; 526975, 3782934; 526937, 

3782873; 526904, 3782868; 526894, 

3782863; 526880, 3782865; 526853, 

3782861; 526788, 3782899; 526724, 

3782957; 526678, 3783010; 526653, 

3783029; 526644, 3783034; 526634, 

3783043; 526613, 3783059; 526600, 

3783077; 526571, 3783103; 526524, 

3783161; 526489, 3783206; 526476, 

3783219; 526473, 3783226; 526448, 

3783262; 526452, 3783284; 526470, 

3783284; 526495, 3783297; 526493, 

3783306; 526477, 3783327; 526441, 

3783378; 526419, 3783393; 526408, 

3783425; 526401, 3783469; 526394, 

3783531; 526390, 3783585; 526381, 

3783631; 526351, 3783704; 526339, 

3783719; 526299, 3783803; 526269, 

3783859; 526263, 3783867; 526261, 

3783869; 526234, 3783893; 526221, 

3783921; 526209, 3783936; 526113, 

3784063; 526089, 3784082; 526072, 

3784131; 526026, 3784168; 526012, 

3784180; 525995, 3784180; 525987, 

3784194; 525958, 3784212; 525951, 

3784270; 525969, 3784310; 526016, 

3784379; 526029, 3784402; 526038, 

3784423; 526068, 3784501; 526071, 

3784513; 526089, 3784575; 526109, 

3784589; 526125, 3784624; 526125, 

3784644; 526103, 3784691; 526089, 

3784702; 526083, 3784713; 526072, 

3784721; 526062, 3784751; 526049, 

3784775; 526052, 3784781; 526049, 

3784789; 526065, 3784836; 526067, 

3784883; 526064, 3784909; 526060, 

3784931; 525995, 3784927; 525944, 

3784916; 525912, 3784910; 525882, 

3784896; 525828, 3784881; 525786, 

3784858; 525737, 3784850; 525710, 

3784854; 525630, 3784865; 525573, 

3784888; 525508, 3784927; 525478, 

3784965; 525455, 3785003; 525382, 

3785037; 525360, 3785067; 525328, 

3785099; 525326, 3785095; 525301, 

3785044; 525263, 3785019; 525238, 

3785063; 525231, 3785120; 525206, 

3785165; 525206, 3785203; 525187, 

3785247; 525149, 3785273; 525072, 

3785298; 524965, 3785304; 524926, 

3785298; 524869, 3785292; 524799, 

3785323; 524799, 3785362; 524831, 

3785406; 524869, 3785444; 524876, 

3785470; 524914, 3785489; 524933, 

3785501; 524984, 3785495; 525022, 

3785482; 525066, 3785470; 525111, 

3785431. 

(iii) Note: Map of Unit 3, Subunits 3A 

and 3B (Map 4), follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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67738 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 


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(10) Unit 4: Fawnskin, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map 

Fawnskin. 

(i) Subunit 4A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 506020, 3792309; 506020, 3792303; 

506001, 3792335; 506014, 3792404; 

506014, 3792468; 506001, 3792538; 

505982, 3792557; 505963, 3792595; 

505950, 3792639; 505937, 3792671; 

505944, 3792703; 505994, 3792722; 

506039, 3792722; 506109, 3792684; 

506147, 3792665; 506191, 3792627; 

506229, 3792582; 506217, 3792525; 

506166, 3792493; 506121, 3792462; 

506109, 3792442; 506109, 3792417; 

506096, 3792392; 506077, 3792373; 

506052, 3792335; 506020, 3792309. 

(ii) Subunit 4B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 506636, 3791541; 506604, 3791490; 

506547, 3791496; 506534, 3791515; 

506515, 3791579; 506522, 3791661; 

506502, 3791757; 506490, 3791807; 

506502, 3791852; 506547, 3791941; 

506579, 3792017; 506610, 3792100; 

506629, 3792182; 506649, 3792220; 

506668, 3792233; 506687, 3792227; 

506680, 3792214; 506693, 3792182; 

506706, 3792138; 506712, 3792074; 

506725, 3792036; 506706, 3791928; 

506680, 3791846; 506674, 3791801; 

506674, 3791744; 506668, 3791674; 

506655, 3791623; 506636, 3791541. 

(iii) Subunit 4C. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 509277, 3790880; 509264, 3790854; 

509248, 3790857; 509229, 3790873; 

509223, 3790908; 509223, 3790943; 

509226, 3790972; 509232, 3790991; 

509261, 3791003; 509273, 3790988; 

509277, 3790969; 509273, 3790943; 

509277, 3790908; 509277, 3790880. 

(iv) Note: Map of Unit 4, Subunits 4A, 

4B, and 4C (Map 5), follows: 


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(11) Unit 5: Gold Mountain, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Big Bear 

City. 

(i) Subunit 5A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 516297, 3793523; 516342, 3793514; 

516374, 3793491; 516405, 3793447; 

516412, 3793390; 516424, 3793352; 

516421, 3793333; 516437, 3793335; 

516450, 3793331; 516463, 3793309; 

516466, 3793281; 516465, 3793279; 

516475, 3793268; 516469, 3793227; 

516447, 3793207; 516421, 3793189; 

516380, 3793166; 516345, 3793154; 

516311, 3793139; 516272, 3793103; 

516244, 3793081; 516215, 3793077; 

516187, 3793090; 516206, 3793135; 

516202, 3793144; 516207, 3793149; 

516196, 3793141; 516172, 3793137; 

516163, 3793137; 516157, 3793137; 

516154, 3793135; 516147, 3793133; 

516132, 3793125; 516128, 3793123; 

516109, 3793112; 516096, 3793112; 

516095, 3793112; 516081, 3793111; 

516065, 3793105; 516045, 3793109; 

516017, 3793126; 516016, 3793127; 

516006, 3793132; 516003, 3793145; 

515998, 3793153; 515995, 3793166; 

515988, 3793165; 515980, 3793163; 

515971, 3793161; 515961, 3793161; 

515956, 3793162; 515943, 3793162; 

515926, 3793178; 515919, 3793180; 

515912, 3793182; 515905, 3793188; 

515899, 3793193; 515893, 3793198; 

515884, 3793209; 515881, 3793219; 

515879, 3793220; 515793, 3793243; 

515732, 3793233; 515685, 3793220; 

515647, 3793211; 515577, 3793211; 

515536, 3793230; 515507, 3793261; 

515501, 3793303; 515501, 3793335; 

515542, 3793357; 515586, 3793360; 

515625, 3793357; 515666, 3793341; 

515707, 3793335; 515761, 3793338; 

515809, 3793354; 515828, 3793376; 

515851, 3793399; 515851, 3793403; 

515848, 3793408; 515845, 3793414; 

515844, 3793417; 515842, 3793424; 

515842, 3793431; 515843, 3793438; 

515839, 3793448; 515845, 3793446; 

515849, 3793444; 515856, 3793439; 

515860, 3793433; 515872, 3793430; 

515873, 3793429; 515879, 3793443; 

515901, 3793468; 515904, 3793468; 

515910, 3793468; 515917, 3793461; 

515921, 3793461; 515935, 3793473; 

515980, 3793495; 516015, 3793501; 

516082, 3793514; 516132, 3793514; 

516212, 3793520; 516262, 3793527; 

516297, 3793523. 

(ii) Subunit 5B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 516768, 3792969; 516744, 3792965; 

516720, 3792965; 516705, 3792961; 

516685, 3792953; 516673, 3792949; 

516652, 3792935; 516645, 3792926; 

516642, 3792923; 516641, 3792918; 

516633, 3792898; 516633, 3792891; 

516633, 3792891; 516623, 3792868; 

516621, 3792864; 516585, 3792863; 

516581, 3792865; 516578, 3792862; 

516562, 3792870; 516560, 3792871; 

516556, 3792871; 516545, 3792873; 

516540, 3792875; 516521, 3792875; 

516510, 3792864; 516502, 3792855; 

516496, 3792848; 516490, 3792840; 

516477, 3792833; 516463, 3792824; 

516461, 3792822; 516450, 3792804; 

516447, 3792800; 516438, 3792788; 

516423, 3792784; 516410, 3792780; 

516377, 3792769; 516375, 3792768; 

516364, 3792763; 516319, 3792740; 

516318, 3792740; 516311, 3792737; 

516304, 3792731; 516298, 3792731; 

516283, 3792725; 516279, 3792728; 

516271, 3792727; 516229, 3792731; 

516176, 3792758; 516157, 3792773; 

516130, 3792803; 516127, 3792815; 

516119, 3792849; 516138, 3792891; 

516157, 3792925; 516180, 3792952; 

516203, 3792979; 516233, 3793009; 

516268, 3793036; 516274, 3793041; 

516275, 3793055; 516282, 3793087; 

516298, 3793112; 516329, 3793125; 

516364, 3793131; 516453, 3793154; 

516520, 3793160; 516590, 3793166; 

516610, 3793155; 516641, 3793150; 

516668, 3793139; 516694, 3793116; 

516717, 3793093; 516732, 3793074; 

516748, 3793055; 516759, 3793039; 

516770, 3793024; 516772, 3793012; 

516775, 3793010; 516778, 3793004; 

516778, 3793004; 516780, 3793001; 

516784, 3792993; 516783, 3792989; 

516783, 3792987; 516783, 3792987; 

516783, 3792987; 516782, 3792985; 

516780, 3792983; 516780, 3792981; 

516777, 3792979; 516777, 3792978; 

516775, 3792975; 516773, 3792971; 

516772, 3792971; 516772, 3792971; 

516771, 3792971; 516769, 3792970; 

516768, 3792969. 

(iii) Subunit 5C. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 517804, 3791769; 517801, 

3791754; 517782, 3791754; 517766, 

3791765; 517766, 3791780; 517774, 

3791792; 517782, 3791796; 517804, 

3791792; 517804, 3791769. 

(iv) Note: Map of Unit 5, Subunits 5A, 

5B, 5C, 7A, and 7B (Map 6), follows: 


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(12) Unit 6: Holcomb Valley, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map 

Fawnskin. 

(i) Subunit 6A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 506727, 3796049; 506738, 3796035; 

506743, 3796031; 506761, 3796001; 

506765, 3795985; 506767, 3795981; 

506783, 3795942; 506785, 3795915; 

506787, 3795910; 506790, 3795878; 

506784, 3795872; 506782, 3795867; 

506779, 3795843; 506773, 3795840; 

506772, 3795835; 506767, 3795833; 

506752, 3795821; 506730, 3795818; 

506689, 3795818; 506663, 3795823; 

506634, 3795825; 506624, 3795837; 

506612, 3795847; 506606, 3795854; 

506597, 3795862; 506571, 3795881; 

506571, 3795883; 506557, 3795893; 

506544, 3795910; 506529, 3795930; 

506530, 3795930; 506528, 3795934; 

506565, 3795933; 506565, 3795935; 

506574, 3795964; 506600, 3795986; 

506635, 3796001; 506633, 3796023; 

506631, 3796041; 506632, 3796041; 

506644, 3796045; 506663, 3796042; 

506681, 3796042; 506707, 3796045; 

506715, 3796049; 506727, 3796049. 

Land bounded by the following UTM 

NAD27 coordinates (E, N): 506666, 

3795511; 506661, 3795481; 506647, 

3795471; 506625, 3795463; 506622, 

3795462; 506612, 3795476; 506604, 

3795484; 506602, 3795500; 506591, 

3795480; 506584, 3795455; 506569, 

3795435; 506569, 3795428; 506562, 

3795409; 506556, 3795389; 506547, 

3795351; 506537, 3795317; 506532, 

3795310; 506524, 3795303; 506512, 

3795298; 506504, 3795291; 506495, 

3795298; 506492, 3795307; 506487, 

3795328; 506483, 3795347; 506477, 

3795372; 506472, 3795393; 506470, 

3795416; 506466, 3795433; 506463, 

3795457; 506468, 3795488; 506472, 

3795510; 506474, 3795533; 506477, 

3795567; 506485, 3795593; 506494, 

3795624; 506507, 3795657; 506517, 

3795687; 506534, 3795715; 506555, 

3795736; 506549, 3795747; 506552, 

3795771; 506564, 3795799; 506572, 

3795807; 506600, 3795819; 506616, 

3795811; 506617, 3795807; 506620, 

3795805; 506635, 3795794; 506639, 

3795763; 506641, 3795759; 506670, 

3795753; 506695, 3795750; 506705, 

3795731; 506695, 3795712; 506690, 

3795703; 506692, 3795687; 506687, 

3795672; 506679, 3795655; 506689, 

3795626; 506705, 3795598; 506708, 

3795575; 506689, 3795550; 506677, 

3795540; 506676, 3795537; 506666, 

3795511. 

(ii) Subunit 6B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 509943, 3794740; 509997, 3794674; 

510070, 3794623; 510076, 3794591; 

510073, 3794585; 510044, 3794562; 

510003, 3794556; 510054, 3794518; 

510105, 3794477; 510124, 3794477; 

510194, 3794473; 510219, 3794442; 

510222, 3794391; 510168, 3794347; 

510105, 3794283; 510067, 3794201; 

510054, 3794162; 510013, 3794124; 

509999, 3794124; 509999, 3794118; 

509996, 3794110; 509991, 3794106; 

509987, 3794102; 509981, 3794099; 

509975, 3794097; 509968, 3794095; 

509961, 3794096; 509955, 3794096; 

509950, 3794098; 509946, 3794101; 

509940, 3794109; 509940, 3794115; 

509940, 3794122; 509943, 3794131; 

509947, 3794139; 509911, 3794159; 

509908, 3794173; 509894, 3794173; 

509886, 3794181; 509874, 3794221; 

509894, 3794256; 509914, 3794284; 

509943, 3794302; 509943, 3794305; 

509893, 3794327; 509858, 3794375; 

509839, 3794404; 509807, 3794445; 

509782, 3794480; 509747, 3794531; 

509668, 3794579; 509639, 3794617; 

509643, 3794633; 509635, 3794642; 

509648, 3794660; 509649, 3794664; 

509664, 3794674; 509668, 3794674; 

509674, 3794667; 509680, 3794664; 

509682, 3794659; 509737, 3794651; 

509797, 3794623; 509800, 3794620; 

509787, 3794641; 509771, 3794660; 

509747, 3794684; 509743, 3794708; 

509747, 3794731; 509755, 3794743; 

509775, 3794743; 509791, 3794735; 

509806, 3794729; 509803, 3794743; 

509822, 3794772; 509902, 3794759; 

509943, 3794740. 

(iii) Note: Unit 6, Subunits 6A and 6B 

(Map 7), follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


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(13) Unit 7: North Baldwin Lake, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Big Bear 

City. 

(i) Subunit 7A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 516160, 3795525; 516163, 3795551; 

516182, 3795563; 516194, 3795563; 

516198, 3795566; 516240, 3795559; 

516278, 3795551; 516308, 3795555; 

516331, 3795578; 516396, 3795605; 

516406, 3795603; 516415, 3795605; 

516453, 3795601; 516491, 3795578; 

516491, 3795574; 516491, 3795551; 

516472, 3795525; 516466, 3795501; 

516465, 3795486; 516468, 3795452; 

516480, 3795422; 516486, 3795415; 

516518, 3795399; 516552, 3795379; 

516598, 3795380; 516649, 3795388; 

516655, 3795391; 516654, 3795425; 

516658, 3795442; 516685, 3795452; 

516698, 3795449; 516708, 3795431; 

516716, 3795406; 516765, 3795429; 

516807, 3795448; 516810, 3795448; 

516834, 3795456; 516857, 3795452; 

516906, 3795429; 516933, 3795410; 

516960, 3795383; 516971, 3795361; 

516986, 3795334; 517009, 3795299; 

517032, 3795262; 517063, 3795223; 

517097, 3795181; 517110, 3795163; 

517131, 3795140; 517165, 3795101; 

517184, 3795090; 517207, 3795083; 

517211, 3795082; 517269, 3795104; 

517278, 3795133; 517272, 3795170; 

517264, 3795193; 517230, 3795239; 

517196, 3795288; 517154, 3795349; 

517150, 3795370; 517146, 3795376; 

517139, 3795399; 517141, 3795414; 

517139, 3795425; 517146, 3795448; 

517154, 3795471; 517211, 3795517; 

517245, 3795521; 517314, 3795517; 

517360, 3795509; 517381, 3795485; 

517386, 3795479; 517388, 3795476; 

517402, 3795460; 517413, 3795433; 

517440, 3795387; 517460, 3795371; 

517489, 3795353; 517506, 3795341; 

517520, 3795334; 517584, 3795315; 

517611, 3795292; 517653, 3795261; 

517672, 3795219; 517699, 3795159; 

517718, 3795115; 517749, 3795078; 

517759, 3795070; 517786, 3795052; 

517809, 3795029; 517840, 3794999; 

517841, 3794997; 517851, 3794987; 

517882, 3794923; 517908, 3794881; 

517917, 3794871; 517939, 3794854; 

517981, 3794819; 518023, 3794812; 

518038, 3794812; 518095, 3794819; 

518152, 3794816; 518155, 3794815; 

518171, 3794816; 518202, 3794804; 

518251, 3794778; 518339, 3794755; 

518411, 3794732; 518461, 3794724; 

518461, 3794713; 518457, 3794698; 

518442, 3794683; 518439, 3794680; 

518438, 3794679; 518415, 3794652; 

518458, 3794642; 518462, 3794598; 

518443, 3794587; 518438, 3794583; 

518413, 3794573; 518371, 3794577; 

518322, 3794586; 518279, 3794597; 

518246, 3794608; 518230, 3794614; 

518206, 3794614; 518133, 3794617; 

518117, 3794619; 518097, 3794610; 

518097, 3794615; 518097, 3794618; 

518098, 3794621; 518069, 3794625; 

518061, 3794625; 518045, 3794627; 

518046, 3794602; 518045, 3794602; 

518039, 3794605; 518034, 3794609; 

518019, 3794610; 518017, 3794611; 

518019, 3794605; 518019, 3794589; 

518012, 3794567; 517993, 3794554; 

517968, 3794567; 517946, 3794573; 

517936, 3794560; 517920, 3794548; 

517914, 3794549; 517917, 3794545; 

517924, 3794535; 517931, 3794526; 

517939, 3794516; 517948, 3794503; 

517954, 3794493; 517959, 3794482; 

517964, 3794473; 517964, 3794468; 

517959, 3794461; 517950, 3794456; 

517934, 3794458; 517923, 3794462; 

517905, 3794469; 517892, 3794475; 

517882, 3794478; 517869, 3794480; 

517852, 3794480; 517859, 3794462; 

517866, 3794439; 517889, 3794413; 

517927, 3794397; 517988, 3794404; 

518030, 3794416; 518087, 3794439; 

518110, 3794450; 518141, 3794473; 

518187, 3794489; 518187, 3794490; 

518222, 3794509; 518263, 3794506; 

518311, 3794497; 518358, 3794490; 

518419, 3794490; 518476, 3794493; 

518481, 3794494; 518521, 3794504; 

518558, 3794517; 518564, 3794521; 

518569, 3794521; 518583, 3794526; 

518586, 3794527; 518612, 3794538; 

518617, 3794537; 518631, 3794533; 

518632, 3794534; 518633, 3794533; 

518663, 3794526; 518666, 3794509; 

518673, 3794503; 518666, 3794484; 

518666, 3794453; 518652, 3794447; 

518644, 3794435; 518627, 3794432; 

518620, 3794430; 518617, 3794427; 

518602, 3794424; 518587, 3794421; 

518565, 3794411; 518549, 3794409; 

518508, 3794396; 518507, 3794395; 

518505, 3794395; 518499, 3794393; 

518457, 3794385; 518453, 3794385; 

518428, 3794373; 518387, 3794376; 

518358, 3794379; 518338, 3794383; 

518327, 3794381; 518297, 3794362; 

518273, 3794328; 518272, 3794325; 

518277, 3794321; 518281, 3794312; 

518281, 3794302; 518281, 3794291; 

518279, 3794282; 518279, 3794278; 

518293, 3794271; 518316, 3794259; 

518369, 3794248; 518415, 3794244; 

518426, 3794242; 518442, 3794241; 

518455, 3794236; 518468, 3794233; 

518507, 3794221; 518533, 3794195; 

518541, 3794175; 518552, 3794157; 

518554, 3794145; 518560, 3794134; 

518558, 3794126; 518560, 3794115; 

518552, 3794092; 518539, 3794081; 

518529, 3794065; 518480, 3794069; 

518474, 3794071; 518446, 3794073; 

518407, 3794092; 518373, 3794111; 

518312, 3794145; 518305, 3794152; 

518297, 3794157; 518280, 3794177; 

518270, 3794183; 518251, 3794179; 

518221, 3794179; 518175, 3794164; 

518142, 3794157; 518099, 3794141; 

518065, 3794130; 518030, 3794122; 

517965, 3794115; 517927, 3794103; 

517901, 3794092; 517878, 3794093; 

517863, 3794088; 517830, 3794088; 

517836, 3794390; 517634, 3794390; 

517639, 3794589; 517192, 3794589; 

517160, 3794606; 517141, 3794622; 

517130, 3794635; 517123, 3794641; 

517120, 3794653; 517119, 3794657; 

517112, 3794663; 517070, 3794705; 

517068, 3794708; 517063, 3794711; 

517052, 3794723; 517046, 3794727; 

517042, 3794731; 517041, 3794732; 

517036, 3794736; 517030, 3794739; 

517025, 3794739; 517020, 3794742; 

517019, 3794742; 517014, 3794745; 

517009, 3794751; 517014, 3794755; 

517025, 3794753; 517041, 3794746; 

517040, 3794749; 516998, 3794804; 

516956, 3794839; 516952, 3794841; 

516906, 3794865; 516883, 3794884; 

516856, 3794905; 516851, 3794907; 

516849, 3794897; 516839, 3794910; 

516811, 3794919; 516735, 3794926; 

516686, 3794937; 516674, 3794938; 

516657, 3794947; 516643, 3794953; 

516613, 3794973; 516582, 3794991; 

516573, 3795005; 516567, 3795010; 

516548, 3795037; 516525, 3795059; 

516522, 3795063; 516487, 3795098; 

516483, 3795101; 516472, 3795119; 

516461, 3795136; 516443, 3795164; 

516430, 3795185; 516420, 3795212; 

516419, 3795216; 516396, 3795265; 

516377, 3795311; 516365, 3795341; 

516346, 3795368; 516304, 3795399; 

516259, 3795433; 516198, 3795471; 

516175, 3795494; 516167, 3795501; 

516168, 3795507; 516160, 3795525. 

(ii) Subunit 7B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 516869, 3794211; 516844, 3794205; 

516809, 3794214; 516783, 3794239; 

516764, 3794271; 516749, 3794300; 

516733, 3794325; 516720, 3794347; 

516710, 3794376; 516695, 3794405; 

516682, 3794424; 516672, 3794449; 

516669, 3794465; 516688, 3794475; 

516723, 3794471; 516742, 3794449; 

516739, 3794421; 516745, 3794385; 

516771, 3794351; 516793, 3794329; 

516822, 3794306; 516860, 3794275; 

516879, 3794243; 516869, 3794211. 

(iii) Note: Map of Unit 7, Subunit 7A 

and 7B (Map 6), is provided at 

paragraph (11)(iv) of this entry. 

(14) Unit 8, Sawmill, San Bernardino 

County, California. From USGS 1:24,000 

quadrangle maps Big Bear City and 

Moonridge. 

(i) Subunit 8A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 513776, 3789263; 513753, 3789217; 

513753, 3789214; 513750, 3789205; 

513748, 3789194; 513745, 3789182; 

513744, 3789171; 513744, 3789168; 


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513759, 3789161; 513765, 3789157; 

513772, 3789154; 513780, 3789137; 

513792, 3789126; 513793, 3789113; 

513798, 3789111; 513804, 3789105; 

513812, 3789102; 513826, 3789091; 

513836, 3789093; 513846, 3789090; 

513853, 3789083; 513854, 3789059; 

513850, 3789053; 513878, 3789041; 

513902, 3789017; 513905, 3789013; 

513906, 3789010; 513913, 3789005; 

513913, 3789001; 513918, 3788993; 

513918, 3788973; 513923, 3788961; 

513919, 3788942; 513926, 3788919; 

513935, 3788882; 513948, 3788850; 

513957, 3788824; 513964, 3788796; 

513957, 3788729; 513945, 3788701; 

513938, 3788672; 513935, 3788640; 

513948, 3788599; 513964, 3788577; 

513986, 3788561; 513992, 3788542; 

513999, 3788507; 514008, 3788472; 

514021, 3788448; 514027, 3788437; 

514027, 3788415; 514030, 3788373; 

514030, 3788345; 514027, 3788326; 

514002, 3788310; 513980, 3788313; 

513951, 3788323; 513916, 3788335; 

513884, 3788342; 513850, 3788351; 

513821, 3788367; 513802, 3788380; 

513767, 3788383; 513764, 3788382; 

513736, 3788357; 513698, 3788366; 

513678, 3788395; 513653, 3788442; 

513650, 3788468; 513649, 3788469; 

513634, 3788501; 513611, 3788529; 

513596, 3788545; 513592, 3788564; 

513592, 3788573; 513608, 3788586; 

513630, 3788567; 513640, 3788548; 

513649, 3788532; 513655, 3788526; 

513663, 3788525; 513672, 3788509; 

513673, 3788506; 513675, 3788504; 

513697, 3788485; 513704, 3788479; 

513728, 3788472; 513761, 3788481; 

513764, 3788488; 513768, 3788499; 

513787, 3788551; 513781, 3788561; 

513779, 3788566; 513777, 3788572; 

513775, 3788579; 513777, 3788585; 

513784, 3788591; 513809, 3788609; 

513815, 3788611; 513820, 3788612; 

513823, 3788612; 513837, 3788627; 

513843, 3788649; 513843, 3788659; 

513842, 3788660; 513830, 3788680; 

513826, 3788709; 513821, 3788716; 

513811, 3788742; 513789, 3788818; 

513789, 3788865; 513789, 3788897; 

513789, 3788923; 513776, 3788948; 

513761, 3788973; 513742, 3788986; 

513735, 3789005; 513719, 3789024; 

513703, 3789050; 513697, 3789059; 

513691, 3789069; 513678, 3789094; 

513665, 3789113; 513653, 3789135; 

513652, 3789137; 513648, 3789140; 

513624, 3789156; 513620, 3789168; 

513604, 3789184; 513600, 3789208; 

513606, 3789220; 513606, 3789228; 

513608, 3789229; 513581, 3789259; 

513591, 3789262; 513601, 3789262; 

513605, 3789257; 513608, 3789253; 

513611, 3789247; 513621, 3789233; 

513636, 3789235; 513645, 3789230; 

513648, 3789234; 513652, 3789230; 

513658, 3789229; 513662, 3789230; 

513670, 3789236; 513674, 3789239; 

513679, 3789244; 513686, 3789364; 

513695, 3789377; 513704, 3789381; 

513715, 3789379; 513719, 3789377; 

513728, 3789372; 513730, 3789357; 

513724, 3789335; 513743, 3789335; 

513747, 3789335; 513763, 3789331; 

513766, 3789326; 513772, 3789321; 

513778, 3789313; 513781, 3789306; 

513783, 3789303; 513783, 3789275; 

513778, 3789268; 513778, 3789266; 

513776, 3789263. 

(ii) Subunit 8B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates (E, 

N): 515098, 3789689; 515095, 3789689; 

515057, 3789689; 515014, 3789689; 

515020, 3789706; 515021, 3789719; 

515031, 3789764; 515027, 3789815; 

515027, 3789875; 515029, 3789884; 

515029, 3789895; 515034, 3789907; 

515034, 3789909; 515035, 3789912; 

515037, 3789923; 515053, 3789964; 

515054, 3789966; 515058, 3789977; 

515063, 3789983; 515066, 3789986; 

515069, 3789988; 515077, 3789997; 

515092, 3789990; 515094, 3789989; 

515104, 3789979; 515113, 3789974; 

515120, 3789962; 515128, 3789941; 

515137, 3789925; 515140, 3789915; 

515142, 3789911; 515153, 3789887; 

515153, 3789881; 515156, 3789875; 

515148, 3789851; 515132, 3789851; 

515116, 3789851; 515113, 3789850; 

515104, 3789865; 515098, 3789869; 

515091, 3789873; 515089, 3789873; 

515077, 3789867; 515066, 3789856; 

515069, 3789834; 515073, 3789814; 

515077, 3789790; 515085, 3789759; 

515089, 3789723; 515097, 3789691; 

515098, 3789689. 

(iii) Note: Unit 8, Subunits 8A and 8B 

(Map 8), follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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67748 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

(15) Unit 9: Snow Valley, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Keller 

Peak. 

(i) Unit 9. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 496377, 3786874; 496368, 

3786876; 496360, 3786876; 496349, 

3786874; 496333, 3786868; 496319, 

3786861; 496300, 3786853; 496289, 

3786849; 496273, 3786842; 496263, 

3786836; 496249, 3786830; 496241, 

3786825; 496236, 3786822; 496232, 

3786816; 496224, 3786804; 496222, 

3786803; 496219, 3786810; 496219, 

3786838; 496219, 3786840; 496235, 

3786873; 496248, 3786886; 496226, 

3786935; 496210, 3786983; 496232, 

3787012; 496268, 3787015; 496296, 

3787018; 496331, 3787041; 496338, 

3787085; 496370, 3787117; 496411, 

3787124; 496459, 3787124; 496464, 

3787118; 496465, 3787118; 496473, 

3787122; 496473, 3787120; 496476, 

3787110; 496481, 3787104; 496484, 

3787099; 496484, 3787098; 496484, 

3787098; 496483, 3787098; 496491, 

3787088; 496498, 3787069; 496500, 

3787067; 496500, 3787063; 496510, 

3787038; 496549, 3787038; 496559, 

3787041; 496606, 3787054; 496622, 

3787073; 496644, 3787133; 496638, 

3787175; 496638, 3787175; 496642, 

3787184; 496654, 3787213; 496666, 

3787223; 496682, 3787235; 496743, 

3787235; 496787, 3787226; 496797, 

3787213; 496800, 3787210; 496805, 

3787196; 496809, 3787184; 496809, 

3787184; 496809, 3787184; 496809, 

3787159; 496809, 3787159; 496809, 

3787159; 496799, 3787139; 496797, 

3787133; 496790, 3787111; 496782, 

3787102; 496768, 3787086; 496758, 

3787082; 496746, 3787076; 496717, 

3787057; 496713, 3787050; 496708, 

3787041; 496704, 3787032; 496701, 

3787025; 496692, 3787013; 496692, 

3786994; 496692, 3786994; 496692, 

3786994; 496689, 3786987; 496685, 

3786978; 496673, 3786968; 496644, 

3786956; 496622, 3786946; 496609, 

3786944; 496584, 3786940; 496568, 

3786934; 496552, 3786927; 496533, 

3786923; 496511, 3786917; 496479, 

3786910; 496460, 3786905; 496449, 

3786898; 496428, 3786886; 496404, 

3786884; 496393, 3786883; 496376, 

3786876; 496377, 3786875; 496376, 

3786875; 496377, 3786874. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 9 (Map 9) 

follows: 


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67750 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

(16) Unit 10: South Baldwin Ridge/ 

Erwin Lake, San Bernardino County, 

California. From USGS 1:24,000 

quadrangle map Big Bear City. 

(i) Unit 10. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 518798, 3790531; 518814, 

3790499; 518836, 3790501; 518883, 

3790501; 518891, 3790493; 518942, 

3790490; 519022, 3790477; 519063, 

3790455; 519104, 3790439; 519114, 

3790429; 519108, 3790395; 519085, 

3790359; 519057, 3790347; 519012, 

3790344; 518955, 3790357; 518923, 

3790404; 518900, 3790419; 518911, 

3790389; 518923, 3790370; 518907, 

3790346; 518876, 3790342; 518839, 

3790342; 518822, 3790331; 518821, 

3790331; 518820, 3790320; 518800, 

3790313; 518797, 3790307; 518792, 

3790302; 518776, 3790291; 518766, 

3790295; 518764, 3790297; 518763, 

3790296; 518744, 3790298; 518740, 

3790308; 518737, 3790313; 518724, 

3790318; 518725, 3790327; 518714, 

3790333; 518716, 3790337; 518707, 

3790343; 518699, 3790340; 518697, 

3790342; 518695, 3790345; 518693, 

3790346; 518691, 3790351; 518685, 

3790353; 518683, 3790359; 518682, 

3790364; 518683, 3790368; 518698, 

3790377; 518704, 3790378; 518712, 

3790375; 518707, 3790379; 518666, 

3790392; 518637, 3790398; 518629, 

3790391; 518618, 3790391; 518613, 

3790387; 518613, 3790385; 518611, 

3790382; 518605, 3790378; 518600, 

3790374; 518591, 3790377; 518580, 

3790376; 518568, 3790381; 518553, 

3790380; 518545, 3790386; 518540, 

3790382; 518541, 3790379; 518541, 

3790375; 518542, 3790373; 518540, 

3790371; 518538, 3790371; 518535, 

3790374; 518533, 3790378; 518531, 

3790382; 518530, 3790387; 518529, 

3790392; 518530, 3790397; 518532, 

3790400; 518536, 3790400; 518542, 

3790399; 518550, 3790401; 518553, 

3790401; 518563, 3790404; 518567, 

3790405; 518568, 3790403; 518570, 

3790401; 518574, 3790401; 518577, 

3790399; 518583, 3790401; 518590, 

3790403; 518596, 3790399; 518596, 

3790397; 518597, 3790397; 518602, 

3790395; 518604, 3790398; 518607, 

3790400; 518609, 3790402; 518610, 

3790404; 518602, 3790406; 518597, 

3790409; 518586, 3790409; 518562, 

3790429; 518582, 3790445; 518597, 

3790453; 518595, 3790463; 518574, 

3790467; 518561, 3790460; 518541, 

3790453; 518503, 3790453; 518490, 

3790477; 518517, 3790511; 518551, 

3790531; 518632, 3790551; 518686, 

3790571; 518720, 3790579; 518740, 

3790579; 518764, 3790562; 518798, 

3790531. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 10 (Map 10) 

follows: 


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67752 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

(17) Unit 11: Sugarloaf Ridge, San 

Bernardino County, California. From 

USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map 

Moonridge. 

(i) Subunit 11A. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 521244, 3783525; 521340, 

3783525; 521411, 3783533; 521470, 

3783533; 521550, 3783517; 521601, 

3783537; 521617, 3783561; 521669, 

3783589; 521752, 3783569; 521824, 

3783533; 521883, 3783493; 521939, 

3783453; 521959, 3783406; 521971, 

3783351; 521982, 3783287; 521975, 

3783203; 521970, 3783181; 521967, 

3783152; 521967, 3783101; 521967, 

3783072; 521951, 3783015; 521939, 

3782987; 521897, 3782936; 521875, 

3782911; 521831, 3782891; 521793, 

3782882; 521739, 3782888; 521694, 

3782888; 521650, 3782911; 521624, 

3782926; 521602, 3782955; 521561, 

3782993; 521520, 3783066; 521485, 

3783126; 521462, 3783203; 521440, 

3783228; 521380, 3783237; 521323, 

3783241; 521266, 3783247; 521228, 

3783247; 521151, 3783237; 521075, 

3783234; 521040, 3783237; 520939, 

3783250; 520894, 3783257; 520859, 

3783279; 520862, 3783301; 520856, 

3783336; 520853, 3783371; 520852, 

3783374; 520828, 3783382; 520780, 

3783410; 520764, 3783453; 520776, 

3783521; 520784, 3783549; 520784, 

3783557; 520752, 3783628; 520764, 

3783652; 520820, 3783684; 520867, 

3783692; 520927, 3783688; 520955, 

3783652; 520994, 3783605; 521022, 

3783573; 521078, 3783549; 521109, 

3783533; 521244, 3783525. 

(ii) Subunit 11B. Land bounded by the 

following UTM NAD27 coordinates 

(E,N): 522459, 3784505; 522475, 

3784502; 522490, 3784501; 522542, 

3784497; 522570, 3784493; 522573, 

3784489; 522582, 3784489; 522598, 

3784448; 522601, 3784441; 522629, 

3784382; 522640, 3784339; 522641, 

3784335; 522641, 3784333; 522645, 

3784318; 522637, 3784302; 522627, 

3784289; 522625, 3784287; 522623, 

3784285; 522621, 3784283; 522607, 

3784265; 522602, 3784251; 522602, 

3784227; 522613, 3784195; 522622, 

3784177; 522637, 3784156; 522641, 

3784144; 522640, 3784127; 522641, 

3784116; 522638, 3784107; 522637, 

3784097; 522633, 3784091; 522621, 

3784064; 522586, 3784040; 522552, 

3784021; 522534, 3784009; 522531, 

3784009; 522530, 3784009; 522486, 

3784009; 522455, 3784013; 522427, 

3784044; 522387, 3784088; 522351, 

3784135; 522347, 3784153; 522340, 

3784168; 522292, 3784188; 522268, 

3784200; 522258, 3784217; 522252, 

3784223; 522256, 3784247; 522256, 

3784255; 522280, 3784279; 522289, 

3784297; 522292, 3784306; 522308, 

3784366; 522308, 3784397; 522324, 

3784449; 522327, 3784451; 522328, 

3784454; 522339, 3784459; 522359, 

3784473; 522403, 3784493; 522447, 

3784505; 522455, 3784504; 522459, 

3784505. 

(iii) Note: Map of Unit 11, Subunits 

11A and 11B (Map 11), follows: 


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67754 Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 225 / Wednesday, November 22, 2006 / Proposed Rules 

* * * * * 

Family Polygonaceae: Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum 

(Southern mountain wild-buckwheat) 

(1) Critical habitat units for this 

species are found in San Bernardino 

County, California. The critical habitat 

units designated for this species are 

related to those set forth elsewhere in 

this section for Family Caryophyllaceae: 

Arenaria ursina (Bear Valley sandwort) 

and Family Orobanchaceae: Castilleja 

cinerea (Ash-gray Indian paintbrush). 

Because all of critical habitat units for 

these three species are designated for 

Family Orobanchaceae: Castilleja 

cinerea (Ash-gray Indian paintbrush), 

the units are set forth in text and 

depicted on the maps in the critical 

habitat entry for that species. 

(2) The primary constituent elements 

of critical habitat for Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum are the 

habitat components that provide: 

(i) Pebble plains or dry meadows in 

openings within upper montane 

coniferous forest, pinyon-juniper 

woodlands, or Mojavean desert scrub in 

the San Bernardino Mountains of San 

Bernardino County, California, at 

elevations between 5,900 to 9,800 feet 

(1,830 to 2,990 meters) that provide 

space for individual and population 

growth, reproduction, and dispersal; 

and 

(ii) Seasonally wet clay or sandy, clay 

soils, generally containing quartzite 

pebbles, subject to natural hydrological 

processes that include water hydrating 

the soil and freezing in winter and 

drying in summer causing lifting and 

churning of included pebbles, to 

provide adequate water, air, minerals, 

and other nutritional or physiological 

requirements to the species. 

(3) Critical habitat does not include 

manmade structures (such as buildings, 

aqueducts, airports, roads, and other 

paved areas) and the land on which they 

are located existing on the effective date 

of this rule and not containing one or 

more of the primary constituent 

elements. 

(4) The applicable units and subunits 

of critical habitat for Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. austromontanum are 1A, 

1B, 2B, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, 

8A, 8B, and 10 in the critical habitat 

entry for Family Orobanchaceae: 

Castilleja cinerea (Ash-gray Indian 

paintbrush). 

* * * * * 

Dated: November 1, 2006. 

David M. Verhey, 

Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and 

Parks. 

[FR Doc. 06–9194 Filed 11–21–06; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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