Complying With the Stage 1

Disinfectants and DisinfectionByproducts Rule: Basic GuideOne of the Simple Tools for EffectivePerformance (STEP) Guide SeriesFor Small Systems Adding Any Chemical Disinfectant

In addition to this guide, owners and operators of systems adding chlorine dioxide or Supplement A of this guide or contact their state to learn about additional requiremenDisinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR). Owners and operatfiltration systems should obtain Supplement B of this guide or contact their state for mhow additional requirements of the Stage 1 DBPR apply to them.
Office of Water

(4606M)EPA 816-B-05-004www.epa.gov/safewaterMarch 2006Printed on Recycled Paper
NOTICE: This guide is intended to aid you in complying with the Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Bypro

DBPR) published on December 16, 1998, under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The SDWA provisions

and other EPA regulations described in this guide contain legally binding requirements. This document doe

those provisions or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. It does not impose legally binding requirements on 

regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based on the circumstances. EPA and stat

retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from this guidance where ap

decisions regarding a particular community water system or non-transient non-community water system will 

the applicable statutes and regulations. Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions and obje

appropriateness of the application of this guide to a particular situation, and EPA will consider whethe

recommendations or interpretations in this guide are appropriate in that situation based on the law and regu

change this guidance in the future. To determine whether EPA has revised this guide and/or to obtain copie

Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

Please note that the term “state” is used in this guide to refer to your Primacy Agency. The Primacy Agency 

your state Drinking Water Agency. However, the Primacy Agency for systems located in the Navajo Nation 

and the Primacy Agency for systems located on other tribal lands, in Wyoming, or in the District of Columbia is 

office.
Contents

Acronyms and Definitions ....................................................................Is This Guide for Me? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Will I Learn? .........................................................................Ensuring Safe Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Is the Stage 1 DBPR? ..................................................................What Do I Have to Do and When Do I Have to Do It? ..............................................Chlorine and Chloramines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Monitoring Requirements for Chlorine and Chloramines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Do I Have to Monitor for Chlorine and Chloramines? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Often Do I Have to Sample and Where Do I Take the Samples? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

TTHM and HAA5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Monitoring Requirements for TTHM and HAA5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Do I Have to Monitor for TTHM/HAA5? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Often Do I Have to Sample? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where Do I Take the Samples? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Analysis, Compliance, and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Who Must Analyze My Samples? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Do I Determine Compliance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do I Report to the State? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Routine Monitoring Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

MCL, MRDL, and Monitoring Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

What Do I Report to My Customers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Routine Public Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public Notification in the Case of a Violation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
How Can I Achieve and Maintain Compliance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Modifying Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing Your Source Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partnerships with Other Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

How Can Stage 1 DBPR Requirements Affect Compliance with Other Rules? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lead and Copper Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Coliform Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

What Resources Can I Use to Comply with the Stage 1 DBPR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendices

Appendix A: Compliance Determination Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B: Sample Monitoring Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix C: Developing a Monitoring Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix D: Additional Sources of Information on the Stage 1 DBPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E: Contact Information for Safe Drinking Water Act Primacy Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix F: Tribal Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix G: Other STEP Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Additional copies of this Basic Guide, and its supplements, can be downloade

Safe Drinking Water Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater.

You can also call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791 to request the
1

Acronyms and DefinitionsCCR - Consumer Confidence ReportCFR - Code of Federal RegulationsCompliance Samples - Required samples your system takes tocomply with regulations. Compliance samples are identified in yourmonitoring plan. All compliance samples identified in yourmonitoring plan must be included in your compliance calculations,even if you take more than the minimum number of samples.Conventional Filtration - A series of processes includingcoagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration that results insubstantial particulate removal.CWS - Community water systemDBP - Disinfection byproductDBP Precursor - Disinfection byproduct precursorEnhanced Coagulation - Refers to the process of achievingimproved disinfection byproduct precursor removal by usingconventional treatment.Enhanced Softening - Refers to the process of achieving improveddisinfection byproduct precursor removal by using precipitativesoftening.EPA - Environmental Protection AgencyGWUDI - Ground water under the direct influence of surface waterHAA5 - The sum of the concentration of the five haloacetic acidscovered by the Stage 1 DBPR (monochloro-, dichloro-, andtrichloro-acetic acid and monobromo- and dibromo-acetic acid)LT1ESWTR - Long-Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water TreatmentRuleMCL - Maximum contaminant levels are the maximum permissible

level of a contaminant in water delivered to 

enforceable standards.MRDL - Maximum residual disinfectant levepermissible level of disinfectant residuals in 

consumer. MRDLs are enforceable standaMRT - Maximum residence timeNTNCWS - Non-transient non-community wOperational Samples - Samples your systcompliance purposes, but to gain a better uquality. These samples should not be inclucalculations.Oxidant - Oxidants are most often used foiron and manganese, destruction of taste acontaminants, and the destruction of synthcontaminants. Many oxidants act as coagupart of an overall program for the control of disinfection by-products.PN - Public notificationPrimacy Agency - The state agency that henforcement responsibility for administratioprimary drinking water regulations and relaapplicable to public water systems within a PWS - Public water systemRAA - Running annual average

Stage 1 DBPR - Stage 1 Disinfectants and RuleState - Used in this guide to refer to your P
2

Primacy Agency for most systems is your state Drinking WaterAgency. The Primacy Agency for systems located in the NavajoNation is your tribal office, and the Primacy Agency for systemslocated on other tribal lands, in Wyoming, or in the District ofColumbia is your EPA Regional office.Subpart H - PWSs using surface water or ground water under thedirect influence of surface water as a source.SUVA - Specific ultraviolet absorptionTCR - Total Coliform RuleTOC - Total organic carbonTTHM - Total trihalomethanes (the sum of the four trihalomethanescovered by the Stage 1 DBPR: chloroform, bromoform, anddibromochloro- and bromodichloro-methane)TNCWS - Transient non-community water systemWTP - Water treatment plant
3

If you d

disinfec

Stage 1 D

Is This Guide for Me?The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR) applies to water systems that add a ch

as chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, or ozone to their drinking water during any part of the treatment process 

taste, odor, color). EPA has developed three documents to address the requirements of the Stage 1 DBPR:

# The Basic Guide – for community water systems (CWSs) and non-transient non-community

water systems (NTNCWSs) that add a chemical disinfectant and serve fewer than 10,000persons.

# Supplement A – for CWSs, NTNCWSs, and transient non-community water systems

(TNCWSs) that use chlorine dioxide and CWSs and NTNCWSs that use ozone.

# Supplement B – for Subpart H CWSs and NTNCWSs that add a chemical disinfectant and

use conventional filtration.

Systems that will typically find these guides useful (if they add a chemical disinfectant) include:

# Small towns # Home owners’ associations# Rural water districts # Small private systems# Tribal systems # Factories, religious institutions, and schools 

water supplies # Manufactured housing communities

CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TNCWSs that use chlorine dioxide and CWSs and NTNCWSs that use ozone should obtai

guide or contact their state. Subpart H systems that add a chemical disinfectant and use conventional filtration sho

of this guide or contact their state. Contact information for Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Primacy Agencies is pTribal contact information is provided in Appendix F. If your system is a new system or if you are just starting to add 

you should work with your state to determine which requirements apply to you. Your state can also help you figure 

compliance with the Rule.
4

Table 1: Requirements of the Stage 

Disinfectant

Residual,

Byproduct, or

Precursor

Systems Req

Monito

Chlorine &ChloramineResiduals

CWSs and NTNCchlorine or chloramany purpose

Chlorine DioxideResiduals

All systems using dioxide for disinfeoxidation

Totaltrihalomethanes(TTHM) & fivehaloacetic acids(HAA5)

CWSs and NTNCadding any chemidisinfectant for an

Chlorite

CWSs and NTNCchlorine dioxide fodisinfection or oxid

Bromate CWSs and NTNC

ozone

DBP Precursors

CWSs and NTNCsurface water or gwater under the dinfluence of surfac(GWUDI) and confiltration

What Will I Learn?As a drinking water system operator, your most important job is to protectthe health of your customers. This guide will help you by providinginformation about:

# The health risks associated with disinfectants, disinfection

byproducts (DBPs), and residual disinfectants;

# The monitoring requirements of the Stage 1 DBPR;# How to determine if you are in compliance;# What to report to the state and to your customers; and,# How to maintain compliance through partnerships, treatment, and

other options.

Table 1 outlines the requirements of the regulations and the systems towhich they apply. It also indicates where you can find information on eachdisinfectant residual, byproduct, or precursor in this guide and itssupplements. The appendices contain examples of compliance calculationsand sample monitoring worksheets.

This guide describes the minimum federal requirements under the Stage 1 DBPR. Some states may have add

and monitoring forms. Be sure to check your state’s specific requirements. For state and tribal contact inf

Appendices E and F.
5

Precursor in Water

%

Added

Disinfectant

Organic Materials Chlorine Chloramines 

Bromide Ozone 

Chlorine Dioxid

*Although disinfection can produce other DBPs besiEPA does not yet regulate them due to a lack of infopotential health effects.

Table 2: DBP Production*

Caution!

The Stage 1 DBPR and the LT1ESWTR are integrally related. Actions you take to comply with the Stage 1 DB

responsibilities under the LT1ESWTR, and vice-versa. Check with your state for more informa

Ensuring Safe Drinking WaterTo prevent waterborne disease, most systems addchlorine or other chemical disinfectants to their water to killor inactivate the pathogens. Unfortunately, while chemicaldisinfectants are effective at controlling many harmfulmicroorganisms, they can react with naturally-occurringorganic materials in the water (DBP precursors). Disinfectants can also dissociate, or break down, into otherchemicals. Both reactions can form unintended DBPs. This presents a dilemma for systems: they must addchemical disinfectants to reduce the risk of waterbornedisease outbreaks, but at the same time carefully controltheir use in order to avoid producing harmful byproducts. Table 2 shows the relationship between DBP precursors,DBPs, and disinfectants.To address this situation, EPA developed the Stage 1DBPR in conjunction with the Long-Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR), which regulate

in Subpart H systems. Together, the LT1ESWTR and the Stage 1 DBPR strike a balance between protection from 

microbial contamination and protection from the long-term health effects of chemical disinfectants and their byproduthe forthcoming Ground Water Rule will expand regulation of microbial contamination to ground water systems.
6

What Is the Stage 1 DBPR?The Stage 1 DBPR describes what are allowable levels of microbial pathogens and chemical disinfectants. The Sta

the allowable levels of disinfectants, DBPs, and DBP precursors in drinking water. Specifically, the Rule requires sy

# Meet the maximum residual disinfectant levels (MRDLs) for three chemical disinfectants: chlorine, chloramines, 

CFR 141.65). This guide only contains information on the requirements for chlorine and chloramines. See Supinformation on chlorine dioxide. 

# Meet the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for TTHM, HAA5, chlorite, and bromate (40 CFR 141.64). This g

information on the requirements for TTHM and HAA5. See Supplement A for more information on chlorite and b

Conventional systems are required to remove specified percentages of DBP precursors from their raw water (meas

Carbon (TOC)) through enhanced coagulation, enhanced softening, or by meeting alternative compliance criteria (4Supplement B for more information on these requirements.
7

What Do I Have to Do and When Do I Have to Do It?The Stage 1 DBPR went into effect for small systems on January 1, 2004. By this date, CWS or NTNCWS that add should have begun complying with monitoring requirements and the MRDLs for the disinfectants (e.g., chlorine or c

these systems should have begun complying with monitoring requirements and MCLs for the DBPs (e.g., TTHM an141.130(a),(b)). Depending on your treatment practices, you may have had to meet standards for additional disinfe

contaminants. Check Table 1 on page 4 to determine if additional requirements apply to your system.To comply with the Stage 1 DBPR, small systems must develop a monitoring plan, monitor their water (i.e., collec

compliance, and report to the state. This guide discusses all four activities. 

All systems covered by any portion of the Rule had to develop a monitoring plan no later than January 31, 2004. 

systems serving more than 3,300 persons had to submit their plan to the state by April 10, 2004, 10 days after the following the effective date of the Rule (40 CFR 141.132(f)). Monitoring plans should now be complete and availabstate and the public. If you have not yet developed a monitoring plan, contact your state for assistance with develo

C contains more information about monitoring plans.To meet the treatment technique requirements, MRDLs, and MCLs that may apply to your system, you have to monfinished water you deliver to customers. All monitoring must be done under normal operating conditions (40 CFR 1discusses chlorine and chloramines monitoring requirements starting on page 10. Turn to page 13 for information orequirements for TTHM and HAA5.Systems monitoring once a year or less often should use their single result to determine compliance. For systems 

a year, compliance is based on a running annual average (RAA) of the monitoring results. RAAs are calculated for

# Chlorine and chloramines by calculating an RAA of monthly averages, computed quarterly.# TTHM and HAA5 by calculating an RAA of quarterly results (or average of results), computed quarterly.
8

For example, a ground water system serving 8,000 persons monitors for HAA5 (MCL = 0.060 mg/L). At the end of system calculates the RAA using the HAA5 sample result from that and the previous three quarters. To calculate th

the four HAA5 results then divides the sum by the total number of samples (4). 

Table 3. RAA Calculation

Quarter Sample results used Running annual average

Sample taken Sample

result

Q4 2004

Q1 2004 0.057

0.057 + 0.029 + 0.064 + 0.081

4

= 0.058 Q2 2004 0.029

Q3 2004 0.064Q4 2004 0.081

Q1 2005

Q2 2004 0.029

0.029 + 0.064 + 0.081 + 0.037

4

= 0.053

Q3 2004 0.064Q4 2004 0.081Q1 2005 0.037

RAAs give systems a built-in flexibility: even if some individual samples exceed an MCL or MRDL, it is still possible EPA uses RAAs to determine compliance because the health risks of chlorine, chloramines, TTHM, and HAA5 are 

and a temporary exceedance does not create a health risk. Detailed information on monitoring and determining compliance appears later in this guide. Appendix A includes excalculations and completed monitoring worksheets. Blank monitoring worksheets are provided in Appendix B.
9

You must report sampling results to your state. If you are monitoring for chlorine and chloramines, you must report 

days of the end of each quarter in which you monitor. If you monitor for TTHM and HAA5 every quarter, you will als

and HAA5 results within 10 days of the end of each quarter. If you monitor for TTHM and HAA5 less often than qua

report these results within 10 days of the end of the quarters in which you collect your samples (40 CFR 141.134(a)monitoring requirement or an MCL or MRDL, you will also have to report to your customers. Page 22 has more info

requirements.You should contact your state with any questions on your Stage 1 DBPR compliance requirements. SDWA Primacinformation is provided in Appendix E and tribal contact information is provided in Appendix F. Appendix D lists som

information on disinfection and DBPs, and Appendix G lists other documents in the STEP Guide Series.
10

Chlorine and Chloramines
11

Table 4: Chlorine and 

Disinfectant 

Chloramines* Chlorine* 

*as Cl2

Table 5: Minimum Number of RequColiform Samples

Population Served

Routine

Samples p

Month

25 to 1,000 persons 1 1,001 to 2,500persons

2 

2,501 to 3,300persons

3 

3,301 to 4,100persons

4 

4,101 to 4,900persons

5 

4,901 to 5,800persons

6 

5,801 to 6,700persons

7 

Monitoring Requirements for Chlorine and ChloraminesDO I HAVE TO MONITOR FOR CHLORINE AND CHLORAMINES?Excessive amounts of chlorine and chloramines may have adverse health effects. AllCWSs and NTNCWSs that add chlorine or chloramines as a disinfectant or an oxidant mustmonitor for chlorine and chloramine residuals (141.132(c)(1)). The MRDLs for chlorine andchloramines are listed in Table 4.Remember: if you use chlorine or chloramines as an oxidant (rather than as a disinfectant),you still must monitor for chlorine and chloramine residuals.HOW OFTEN DO I HAVE TO SAMPLE AND WHERE DO I TAKE THESAMPLES?Routine MonitoringYou must measure residual chlorine and chloramine levels at the sametimes and at the same locations that you take your routine coliform bacteriasamples (40 CFR 141.132(c)(1)(i)). The Stage 1 DBPR requires that youmonitor for chlorine and chloramines at the same time and locations as yourcoliform bacteria samples because they are representative of water qualitythroughout your system.Table 4 provides the number of routine samples the TCR requires based onpopulation served. Note that the minimum number of samples required bythe TCR may be different than the number you currently take based on yourTCR sampling site plan.
12

Table 6: Compliance Q

Months 

January - March 

April - June 

July - September 

October - December 

Compliance

Compliance is based on an RAA of the monthly averages of all samples collected in thesystem. Compliance is calculated quarterly. Table 6 shows the quarters. Detailedinformation on monitoring and determining compliance appears later in this guide. Appendix A includes examples of compliance calculations and completed monitoringworksheets. Blank monitoring worksheets are provided in Appendix B.Systems may temporarily need to increase chlorine and chloramine levels to addressspecific microbiological contamination problems caused by events such as distribution linebreaks, storm water run-off, source water contamination, or cross-connectioncontamination. By basing compliance on an RAA rather than on individual sample results, EPA gives systems the fuse higher-than-normal levels of disinfectants to address specific problems without falling out of compliance with thIncreased MonitoringTechnically, there is no increased monitoring requirement for chlorine and chloramines. However, you must take onchloramines for every TCR sample you take. This means that if you are required to take repeat coliform samples bis positive, you are also required to take additional chlorine or chloramines samples at the same time and same locsamples.Reduced MonitoringReduced monitoring for chlorine and chloramines is technically not permitted under the Stage 1 DBPR. However, Cthat serve 1,000 persons or fewer and have been allowed by the state to reduce TCR monitoring may also reduce m

and chloramines to match their TCR monitoring schedule.
13

TTHM and HAA5
14

Table 7: TTHM 

Disinfection B

TTHM 

Trichlorometh(Chloroform)BromodichloroTribromometh(Bromoform)Dibromochloro

HAA5 

MonochloroacDichloroacetic Trichloroacetic MonobromoacDibromoacetic 

Monitoring Requirements for TTHM and HAA5DO I HAVE TO MONITOR FOR TTHM/HAA5?Because of the adverse health effects of the group of chemicals called TTHM and HAA5, allCWSs and NTNCWSs that add a chemical disinfectant must monitor for TTHM and HAA5 (40CFR 141.132(b)). If you add an oxidant that is not a disinfectant such as potassiumpermanganate and do not add a disinfectant to the water, you are not required to monitor for

TTHM and HAA5. The MCLs for TTHM and HAA5, as well as lists of the individual chemicalsincluded in each regulated group, are listed in Table 7.If you use a chemical disinfectant as an oxidant, you still must monitor for TTHM and HAA5,even if you are not using the chemical for disinfection.HOW OFTEN DO I HAVE TO SAMPLE?Routine and Increased Monitoring

How often you sample for TTHM and HAA5 depends on your system’s size, source of water,number of treatment plants, and sampling results. Table 8 will help you determine how oftenyou need to sample.Remember that your TTHM and HAA5 monitoring requirements are tied together. If you exceedthe MCL for either TTHM or HAA5, you must increase monitoring for both TTHM and HAA5.
15

Table 8: TTHM/HAA5 Routine and Increased Monitoring Frequency and Monitoring Locations*

DBP MCL (mg/L) System Type Routine Monitoring Frequency Routine Monitoring Location Increased Monitoring Trigger Increased Monitoring Frequency 

TTHM

and

HAA5

0.080

(TTHM)

0.060

(HAA5)

Subpart H systems

serving from 500 to 

9,999

1 sample per plant per

quarter**

Location(s)

representative of

maximum residence

time (MRT)

Subpart H systems

serving < 500 1 sample per plant per

year** during the

month of warmest

water temperature

A sampling result 

> 0.080 for TTHM

or 

> 0.060 for HAA5

Quarterly,

beginning the

quarter followi

the trigger resu

Ground water

systems serving

< 10,000

* 40 CFR 141.132(b)(1)(i).** Multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer may be considered one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of samples required (with sta

141.132(b)(1)(i)).

If you are required to sample once per year during the month of warmest water temperature and you exceed the MC

HAA5, you must increase monitoring for both contaminants to once per quarter. An exceedance of the MCL does nviolation unless your result is so high that your RAA will exceed the MCL regardless of your monitoring results for thinformation on calculating compliance is provided on page 20. To return to routine annual monitoring, you must ach

greater than 0.060 mg/L for TTHM and no greater than 0.045 mg/L for HAA5 after at least 1 year of monitoring. Thquarters (75 percent) of the MCL.Reduced Monitoring

You may be able to reduce your monitoring frequency for TTHM and HAA5 (with prior written permission from the sfor reduced monitoring varies according to system type. Table 9 provides information on reduced monitoring requirIf you qualify for reduced monitoring, you may remain on reduced monitoring as long as your result or average of re

0.060 mg/L for TTHM or 0.045 mg/L for HAA5 (i.e., 75 percent of the MCL). If your system exceeds either of these 

to a routine monitoring schedule for both contaminants in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period 
16

exceeds either of these levels. If you operate a ground water system serving fewer than 10,000 persons and your r

results exceed either the MCL for TTHM or the MCL for HAA5, you must begin increased monitoring (i.e., once p

contaminants in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which your system exceeds either of the

exceedance of the TTHM or HAA5 MCL does not necessarily result in an MCL violation. The compliance section oinformation on determining compliance.

Table 9: TTHM/HAA5 Reduced Monitoring Frequency and Monitoring Locations

System Type

Reduced Monitoring Trigger*

Reduced

Monitoring

Frequency

TTHM RAA HAA5 RAA 

Annual Average Source

Water Total Organic

Carbon (TOC)**

Subpart H

systems serving

from 500 to 9,999

< 0.040 mg/L

(i.e., 50 percent of the

MCL) for 2 consecutive

years***

< 0.030 mg/L (i.e., 50

percent of the MCL) for 2

consecutive years***

< 4.0 mg/L (before

treatment)***

One sample per

treatment plant per

year during the

month of warmest

water temperature

Subpart H

systems serving

< 500

Not eligible for reduced monitoring

Ground water

systems serving

< 10,000

< 0.040 mg/L

(i.e., 50 percent of the

MCL) for 2 consecutive

years***

< 0.030 mg/L (i.e., 50

percent of the MCL) for 2

consecutive years***

One sample per

treatment plant per

3-year monitoring

cycle  during the

month of warmest

water temperature

< 0.020 mg/L

(i.e., 25 percent of the

MCL) for 1 year** *

< 0.015 mg/L

(i.e., 25 percent of the

MCL) for 1 year***

*Systems sampling more than once per year will use an RAA (calculated by averaging quarterly averages) while systems sampling only once a year will use th

result or average of all results for that month). **In general, only systems using conventional filtration are required to monitor for TOC. A Subpart H system serving from 500 to 9,999 persons and not using 

must also monitor for TOC if the system wants to reduce TTHM/HAA5 monitoring. This monitoring is only required if a system wants to qualify for reduced mon

***40 CFR 141.132(b)(1)(ii).**** The 3-year cycle begins on the 1st of January after the system qualifies for reduced monitoring.
17

WHERE DO I TAKE THE SAMPLES?If you serve fewer than 10,000 persons and you collect the minimum number of samples required for routine monito

HAA5, you must take all these samples at the location or locations representative of the Maximum Residence Time The point of MRT for each plant is an active point (that is, the location is currently providing water to customers) in t

the water has been in the system the longest. This active point may not necessarily be the same as the most distan

Many factors can affect the location or locations determined to represent MRT, including the number of plants operaand seasonal variations in population.

If you collect more than the minimum number of samples, at least one quarter (25 percent) of the samples must be 

location(s) representative of MRT. The remaining samples must be taken at locations representative of average redistribution system (40 CFR 141.132(b)(1)(i)). If you operate a system with multiple treatment plants, you may have 

of MRT or the MRT may vary from quarter to quarter, depending on which plants are operating. Contact your state determining your location(s) of MRT.
18

Analysis, Compliance, and Reporting
19

A chemical feed pump with chemical stor

Who Must Analyze My Samples?The Stage 1 DBPR specifies analytical methods for measuring each relevant water quality parameter covered by thanalytical methods specified in the Rule or otherwise approved by EPA to monitor and show compliance under the For more information on analytical methods, see 40 CFR 141.131 or referto the Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule: LaboratoryQuick Reference Guide (EPA 816-F-02-021), available online at:www.epa.gov/safewater/publicoutreach/quickreferenceguides.html.Only laboratories certified by EPA or your state can analyze samples forTTHM and HAA5. Contact your state for a list of certified labs.EPA believes that samples for chlorine and chloramines can beadequately analyzed on-site by a party approved by EPA or the state. Your system operator may qualify. Contact your state for moreinformation. State contact information is provided in Appendix E; tribalContact information is provided in Appendix F.
20

< When y

must usidentifie

< If you d

requirecommitTake thyou havyou havMRDL.

< Only in

your conot incloperatiotakes in 

How Do I Determine Compliance?Unless you are collecting samples for chlorine dioxide and chlorite or only collecting one sample ayear, compliance is determined by calculating an RAA. How you calculate the RAA may differ foreach disinfectant and DBP. Compliance calculations may change if your monitoring requirementschange. In all cases, compliance is calculated at the end of each quarter, and you should use datacollected for the last 12 months, not simply the current calendar year.You should calculate RAAs for a contaminant or disinfectant at the end of every quarter in which youcollect samples for that contaminant or disinfectant. If you are required to monitor at least once aquarter for a contaminant or disinfectant, calculate compliance at the end of each quarter. If you

are required to monitor less frequently than once a quarter, calculate compliance at the end of

each quarter in which you collected samples.If any sample causes the RAA to exceed an MCL or MRDL, the system is in violation of the MCLor MRDL immediately. The system cannot wait until the end of the calendar year to assess anMCL violation. To illustrate this concept, the following example shows a system that has collectedquarterly samples for TTHM in quarters 2, 3, and 4 of 2005 and quarter 1 of 2006. The results forthe four quarterly samples the system has taken are as follows:

Quarter 2, 2005: 0.100 mg/LQuarter 3, 2005: 0.100 mg/LQuarter 4, 2005: 0.090 mg/LQuarter 1, 2006: 0.090 mg/L

The system calculates its RAA at the end of the first quarter of 2006. The RAA (0.095 mg/L) violates the MCL (0.08committed an MCL violation and must report to the state. It cannot wait until the end of the calendar year to assess 
21

For compliance calculation examples, including the calculation of RAAs, see Appendix A.

Table 10 presents compliance criteria and identifies MCL and MRDL violations. You can find detailed examples of compliance in Appendix A of this document. Sample monitoring worksheets and instructions for completing the woB.Table 10: Determining Compliance

Chemical Monitoring Frequency Compliance is based on: You have a MCL or 

Disinfectant Residual

Chlorine &

Chloramines*

Monthly

(Same time as

TCR)

An RAA of monthly averages, computed quarterly. At the end of each quarter, average the monthlyaverages for the last 12 months to determine theRAA. 

The RAA of monthly averages 

Disinfection Byproduct

TTHM &

HAA5**

Quarterly An RAA of quarterly results or quarterly averages, computed quarterly.

1. The RAA is > 0.080 mg/L 

for HAA5; or,

2. If you have not yet collect

and any sampling result wexceed the MCL.

Less often than

quarterly

An average of the sampling results taken in the last12 months. For systems monitoring annually,compliance is based on the result of the annualsample or average of annual samples if more thanone sample is taken. If the result is > MCL, thesystem must begin quarterly monitoring anddetermine compliance each quarter using an RAA ofquarterly results.

You cannot violate the MCL wunless your sample, divided bMCL. If you exceed the MCL but your sample, divided by foMCL, you have not committed begin quarterly monitoring. YMCL violation anytime the sum quarterly averages, if you are sample per quarter) divided bTTHM or > 0.060 mg/L for HA

* 40 CFR 141.133(c)(1)** 40 CFR 141.133(b)(1)
22

What Do I Report to the State?ROUTINE MONITORING REPORTSAll public water systems (PWSs) subject to the Stage 1 DBPR must report to their state. If you are monitoring for chlorine and chloramines, you must report within 10 daysfollowing the end of each quarter (40 CFR 141.134(a)).If you are monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 every quarter, you must report to the statewithin 10 days following the end of each quarter. Under some conditions, you willmonitor for TTHM and HAA5 annually or less frequently. You must report informationon these contaminants in the routine sampling report within 10 days following the end ofthe quarter in which samples were collected (40 CFR 141.134(a)). For example, if youtake an annual sample in August, you must report to the state by October 10, 10 daysafter the end of the third quarter.Note that since you may not have to monitor for all contaminants every quarter, the contents of your routine samplinquarter to quarter (i.e., you may not have to report results for TTHM and HAA5 every quarter, but you will still report 

chloramines monitoring results every quarter). To illustrate this concept, the following example lists the information 

its quarterly reports to the state in two consecutive quarters. System A monitors for chlorine every month and TTHM 

In the third quarter of 2005, the system collects chlorine samples in July, August, and September. In August, the m

temperature, System A collects its annual TTHM and HAA5 sample. System A’s quarterly report for the third quarteinformation for chlorine and TTHM and HAA5. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the system collects chlorine samples in and December. It does not collect any TTHM and HAA5 samples. Its quarterly report for the fourth quarter only incchlorine information.Table 11 shows the information that must be included in your routine sampling report, depending on how often you 

NOT

To make sure that yo

state within 10 day

monitoring period, 

enough time for the 

analysis and for you t

and complete the com

You should also allow 

a replacement sampl

be misplaced o
23

MCL, MRDL, AND MONITORING VIOLATIONSIf you violate an MCL for TTHM or HAA5 or an MRDL for chlorine or chloramines, you must notify the state withyou must provide Tier 2 public notice to your customers within 30 days (40 CFR 141.203(b)(1)). If you violate a 

or chloramines monitoring requirement (i.e., you fail to take a required sample), you must report to your custome

Information on public notification (PN) requirements is included in the next section of this guide. Check with you

information.

Table 11: Routine Sampling Report Information

Disinfectant

Residual Monitoring Frequency If You Sample, You Should Report

Chlorine &

Chloramines* Same as TCR

1. The number of samples taken during each month of the last q2. The monthly average of all samples taken in each month for th3. The average of the monthly averages for the last 12 months4. Whether the MRDL was violated

DBP Monitoring Frequency If You Sample, You Should Report

TTHM & HAA5**

Quarterly or more frequently

1. Number of samples taken in the last quarter2. Location, date, and analytical result of each sample taken that 3. Average of all samples taken that last quarter (quarterly avera4. Annual average of quarterly averages for the last 4 quarters5. Whether the MCL was violated

At least once a year

1. Number of samples taken during the previous 12 months2. Location, date, and result of each sample taken during the pre3. Average of all samples taken over the previous 12 months4. Whether the MCL was violated

Less than once a year 1. Location, date, and result of each sample taken 2. Whether the MCL was violated

* 40 CFR 141.134(c)** 40 CFR 141.134(b)
24

You 

copies 

custo

monit

violatio

sent w

y

requ

Notifica

don

send

What Do I Report to My Customers?Letting your customers know what is happening with their water system is part of your legal responsibility. In ad

customers are more likely to understand the need for new treatment systems, infrastructure changes, and rate i

should try to communicate with your customers on a regular basis, you must provide information in the following 

ROUTINE CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTSBy July 1 of every year, you must make a consumer confidence report (CCR) available to your customers (40 CThis report is designed to provide a “snapshot” of the quality of the water supplied by your system over the past 

must tell your customers about any violations, the actions you took to fix the violations, and any potential health 

violations. You can find more information about CCRs on EPA’s CCR Web site, www.epa.gov/safewater/drinkinPUBLIC NOTIFICATION IN THE CASE OF A VIOLATIONIf you have a TTHM or HAA5 MCL violation or a chlorine or chloramines MRDL violation, you mustprovide Tier 2 public notice: that is, you must let your customers know within 30 days by using atleast one of a variety of PN methods (40 CFR 141.203(b)(1)).Unless otherwise directed by your state, you must provide notice to each customer receiving a bill,to other service connections to which your system delivers water, and to other people regularlyserved by your system who would not otherwise receive notice (e.g., house renters, students,nursing home patients, prison inmates). You must use at least one of a variety of PN methods. You can deliver the notice door-to-door or send it via mail. If you operate a non-community watersystem, you can also post the notice in a public place. If any of your customers will not receive thenotice through mail, door-to-door delivery, or postings, you must also use other methods, like a newspaper or rareach these customers (40 CFR 141.203(c)). Within 10 days of notifying your customers, you must submit to the that you have fully complied with the PN regulations and a copy of the PN.
25

All monitoring violations must be reported to the state and to your customers. Generally, monitoring violations rnotice: that is, you must notify your customers within 12 months of the violation. You may include the notificatio

published in time to satisfy the 12-month deadline. Your state has the discretion to impose more stringent PN reyour state for more information.All PNs must include the following specific health effects language for the appropriate contaminant or residual (4Appendix B):

# Chlorine: “Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experi

their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL cdiscomfort.”

# Chloramines: “Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL cou

effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess experience stomach discomfort or anemia.”

# TTHM: “Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many y

problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of gett

# HAA5: “Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many y

increased risk of getting cancer.”
26

Caution!

Restructuring and source wa

only be undertaken after a care

changes will mean for you

consultation with your stat

adjustments may directly impa

of the disinfection process

microbial contamination, and 

comply with other rules such 

the TCR, and the Lead an

How Can I Achieve and Maintain Compliance?Although the Stage 1 DBPR dictates water quality standards for disinfectant residuals and DBPs, systems have 

those requirements. Modifying treatment processes, changing your source water, and forming a partnership wit

some of the most common ways to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR.

MODIFYING TREATMENTSome practical ways of reducing DBP formation include:

# Decreasing contact time and/or the concentration of disinfectant (as long as adequate microbial prot# Changing disinfectants or using chloramines as a secondary disinfectant in conjunction with chlorine# Adjusting the pH of your water

CHANGING YOUR SOURCE WATERIf high levels of DBP precursors in your source water lead to high levels ofDBPs in your treated water, you may want to consider blending your currentsource water with water from a source with lower DBP precursor levels. Thelower levels of DBP precursors in the blended water may lower your levels ofDBPs and help you comply with the Rule.Another alternative is abandoning your source and developing a new one. Developing a new water source is expensive, but it may in some cases bethe most cost-effective way to lower DBP levels in the long run. Beforechanging water sources, however, consider that a new water source mayhave lower levels of DBP precursors but higher levels of other contaminants. In addition, switching from a grousurface water or GWUDI source will subject your system to additional regulations.
27

PARTNERSHIPS WITH OTHER WATER SYSTEMSSmall water systems face many of the same technical challenges larger systems face, but often lack their resou

water systems (e.g., joining with one or more communities to form a consolidated system, consolidating managewater from another established system) may allow you to lower costs, simplify management, and more consistecustomers with safe drinking water.
28

How Can Stage 1 DBPR Requirements Affect Compliance Rules?Changes you make to address DBP formation and disinfectant levels may also lead to changes in water characnegatively affect your compliance with other regulations. For example, if you operate a Subpart H system, a dis

may keep you in compliance with the Stage 1 DBPR but will put you out of compliance with the Surface Water TThis is because the SWTR requires surface water or GWUDI systems to maintain some residual level of disinfesystem to ensure adequate disinfection of pathogens.The challenge for you is to find the level of disinfection that allows you to comply simultaneously with all applicathe guide addresses some simultaneous compliance issues you should consider while implementing the Stage For more information, refer to EPA’s Microbial Disinfectant Byproduct Simultaneous Compliance Manual, availa

www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/implement.html.LEAD AND COPPER RULEUnder the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR), exceedances of the lead and copper action levels trigger specific com

include employing corrosion control practices. The three basic approaches for achieving corrosion control incluadjustment, corrosion inhibitor addition, and calcium hardness adjustment. Increasing pH to comply with the corequirement can increase TTHM levels. A higher pH may also cause systems to increase their disinfectant contime to remain in compliance with the LT1ESWTR. A higher disinfectant dosage and/or concentration time may formation.In addition, any change a system makes to its treatment process to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR that leads to 

(e.g., increased disinfectant doses, enhanced coagulation, or a change in disinfectants) may impact the corrosiolead or copper.
29

Remem

You must collect additio

chlorine and chloramin

required to collect addit

coliform as a consequen

positive s

TOTAL COLIFORM RULEThe TCR and the Stage 1 DBPR are closely related, not only because chlorineand chloramine monitoring requirements are tied to TCR monitoringrequirements, but also because microbial contamination (including coliformbacteria contamination) is generally controlled by using disinfectants. Anincrease in microbial levels could require higher levels of disinfectants. Althoughthe Stage 1 DBPR contains built-in flexibilities to allow you to address microbialcontamination events, if you use high enough levels of disinfectants for longenough periods of time, you could commit an MRDL violation.Maintaining microbial protection through the use of secondary disinfection while keeping DBP and disinfectant c

MCLs and MRDLs could present a problem for systems with very long residence times (i.e., days).

LONG-TERM 1 ENHANCED SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULEThe Stage 1 DBPR strives to minimize the formation of DBPs and keep disinfectants at safe levels. On the otheaims to protect customers from exposure to pathogens by ensuring an adequate level of disinfection. Although 

able to comply with both rules simultaneously, you may face additional LT1ESWTR requirements depending on comply with the Stage 1 DBPR requirements. For instance, if you want to attempt to comply with the Stage 1 Dby making a significant change to your treatment practices, you are required under the LT1ESWTR to consult w

doing so. Check with your state for more information.
30

What Resources Can I Use to Comply with the Stage 1 DBYou may find that you need outside assistance to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR. Some water systems may dein infrastructure is necessary to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR. Other systems may need to find other resource

technical assistance. There are a number of agencies and organizations that can help you fill these needs. Solisted below. Your state may also have additional sources of assistance for which your system may qualify. Cofor more information. Contact information is provided in Appendices E and F.

Major Providers of Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems

Name of Program Description Cont

Drinking Water State RevolvingFund (DWSRF)

These state-administered loans enable water systems to financeinfrastructure improvements, provide training, and fund sourcewater protection activities.

www.epa.gov/safewateSafe Drinking Water H

Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Waterand Wastewater Loan and GrantProgram

This program offers loans and grants to develop water and wastedisposal systems in rural areas to reduce user costs. www.usda.gov/rus/wat

(202) 720-9540

State-specific programs Your state may offer additional funding programs. See Appendix E for staTribal-specific programs EPA gives grants (not loans) to tribes through the DWSRF Tribal

Set-Aside program for improvements to water systems that servetribes. States and the Indian Health Service may provideadditional financial assistance.

See Appendix F for trib
31

Other Potential Sources of Financing or Financial Assistance for Drinking Water Systems

Name of Program Description Cont

Community Development BlockGrants (CDBG)

This program offers grants to disadvantaged cities, urbancounties, and states to develop viable communities.

www.hud.gov/offices/cprograms/stateadmin/s(202) 708-1112

Public Works and InfrastructureDevelopment Grants

These grants help distressed communities overcome barriers thatinhibit the growth of their local economies.

www.doc.gov/eda/HTM(202) 482-5081

National Bank for CooperativesLoan Program (CoBank)

CoBank provides loans to larger, credit-worthy rural utilities. www.cobank.com

(800) 542 -8072

Rural Community AssistanceCorporation (RCAC)

RCAC provides loans to rural utilities in 11 western states to helpmeet the financing needs of rural communities and disadvantagedpopulations.

www.rcac.org/program(916) 447-2854

Small Business Administration(SBA)

SBA helps small businesses get low-interest loans. www.sba.gov

(800) 827-5722

Local Commercial Banks Banks in your community can offer loans to help finance capital

improvements. Although interest rates may not be as favorableas other options, it may be easier for you to negotiate a loanthrough a local bank.

Talk to your city clerk amost closely match yo

Before you apply for funding, find out what each source will pay for and what information they will need to consi

Ask about local matching fund requirements, application procedures, what makes a project “fundable,” and specrequirements and restrictions. Ask to see applications from previously funded projects. Get an idea of what info

an application; most lending and granting agencies will want to see financial statements such as budgets, incomflow documents.
Appendices
A-1

The monitoring requirements listed in these examples correspond to the type of system d

each example, and may be different than the requirements for your system.

Appendix A: Compliance Determination ExamplesThe following examples are designed to help you understand the requirements of the Stage 1 DBPR. Monitorin

detailed narrative of monitoring activities for each contaminant, are provided, followed by portions of completed 

showing sampling results and compliance calculations. Blank copies of the monitoring worksheets are provided use. Please note that the completed worksheets that accompany the examples are abbreviated versions of the Remember:1) Compliance is calculated separately for the TTHM MCL and the HAA5 MCL.2) Monitoring locations and schedules are identical for both groups.3) Increased monitoring triggered by one of the sample results (e.g., TTHM) would apply to TTHM and HAA5.
A-2

CHLORINE AND CHLORAMINESExample #1: A Ground Water CWS Monitoring for Chlorine (Monthly)This example discusses how a ground water CWS serving 2,000 persons would calculate compliance with the c12 months of sampling results.This ground water system serving 2,000 persons uses chlorine for disinfection. According to its TCR sampling ssamples per month for total coliform bacteria. Therefore, the system is required to collect two chlorine disinfectamonth. The samples must be collected at the same time and locations as the coliform samples (based on the ssite plan). On April 18, 2005, the system collects its monthly samples for April of 2005. The system calculates 

adding the values of samples taken (1.2 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L) and dividing by the total number of samples (2). Tsystem’s average for that month. No further action is required.In May, the system increases the level of chlorine in the water to address a source water contamination problem

in May (4.5 mg/L and 5.1 mg/L) and the monthly average (4.8 mg/L) exceed the MRDL (4.0 mg/L). Because co

RAA calculated every quarter, and not on individual monthly results, the system has not yet committed a violatioJune marks the end of the second quarter of 2005. After the system collects its two routine samples and calculaverage, it must also calculate an RAA using the monthly averages for the last 12 months. The monthly averag

June (shown on the worksheet) are 1.1 mg/L, 4.8 mg/L, and 1.3 mg/L. The monthly averages for July 2004 throfollows: 1.1 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, 1.3 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, and 1.0 mg/L. The syscompliance by adding the monthly averages for the last 12 months and dividing by the number of monthly avera

1.1+1.0+1.5+1.1+1.2+1.3+1.1+1.5+1.0+1.1+4.8+1.3 mg/L

 = 

18.0mg/L

12 = 1.5 mg/L # MR

12

The RAA is less than the MRDL. The system is in compliance, even though one monthly average (May 2005) eRule includes this flexibility to allow systems to address specific microbiological contamination problems caused 

distribution line breaks, source water contamination, or cross connection contamination without creating an MRDaction is required other than submitting the routine monitoring report due by the 10th of the month following the e

example, after the second quarter of 2005, the routine report to the state is due on or before July 10, 2005.
A-3

Example #1 Worksheet

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Worksheet

MRDL for Chlorine: 4.0 mg/L MR

Monthly Sample

Number and Type

Date Sample

Collected

Sample

Location Results Monthly Average Compliance Calculation Follo

Enter appropriate

number and type

Day, month

and year

Consult your

TCR Sampling

Site Plan

Used for

monthly avg.

Used for

RAA

Running annual avg. computed

quarterly (Circle if above MRDL)

Chec

1 UChlorine 9Chloramines 4/18/05 7 Water St. 1.2 mg/L N/A 9 Not

9 Not

2 UChlorine 9Chloramines 4/18/05 12 Main St. 1.0 mg/L 1.1 mg/L 9 Not

9 Not

1 UChlorine 9Chloramines 5/23/05 34 High St. 4.5 mg/L N/A 9 Not

9 Not

2 UChlorine 9Chloramines 5/23/05 7 Water St. 5.1 mg/L 4.8 mg/L 9 Not

9 Not

1 UChlorine 9Chloramines 6/18/05 27 South Rd. 1.5 mg/L N/A 9 Not

9 Not

2 UChlorine 9Chloramines 6/18/05 11 Post Rd. 1.1 mg/L 1.3 mg/L (1.1+1.0+1.5+1.1+1.2+1.3+1.1+1.5+ 1.0+1.1+4.8+1.3 mg/L)/12 = 1.5 mg/L W Not

9 Not

* Results from previous months’ monitoring
A-4

Example #2: A Surface Water CWS Monitoring for Chloramines (TCR Repeat Samples)This example will show how a surface water system serving 750 persons using chloramines to maintain a distributioresidual will increase chloramine sampling based on increased required TCR monitoring in the distribution system apositive sample result.This surface water system serving 750 persons uses chloramines and, according to its TCR monitoring plan, collecfor total coliform bacteria. It is therefore required to sample for chloramines once a month at the same time and locthe system collects its routine monthly chloramine sample at the same time and location in the distribution system a

chloramine result is 0.5 mg/L. Although the chloramine result is below the MRDL (4.0 mg/L), the system’s TCR roucoliform-positive. This means that the system will have to collect a set of repeat total coliform bacteria samples with

positive result (typically, this means within 24 hours of being notified of a total coliform-positive result). Since the sy

sample per month, it will have to collect at least four repeat samples and will also have to collect four additional chlo

The system takes its additional total coliform and chloramine samples on June 16, 2004 (24 hours after the lab noticoliform-positive result). The samples are taken at:• The original sample location – one repeat samples• Within five service connections upstream – one repeat sample• Within five service connections downstream – one repeat sample• Another location in the distribution system – one repeat sampleThe system uses the four additional chloramine samples (2.8 mg/L, 2.8 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 2.7 mg/L) in addition to chloramine sample (five total) to calculate its monthly chloramine average:

0.5 + 2.8 + 2.8 + 2.4 + 2.7 mg/L

=

11.2 mg/L

= 2.2 mg/L

5 5

The system uses 2.2 mg/L as the monthly average for calculating an RAA (as illustrated in example #1).Note that the system will have to collect at least five total coliform bacteria samples the following month, based on T

the system will also have to collect five chloramine samples at the same times and locations and calculate a monthabove.
A-5

Example #2 Worksheet

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Worksheet

MRDL for Chlorine: 4.0 mg/L M

Monthly Sample

Number and Type

Date Sample

Collected Sample Location Results Monthly Average Compliance Calculation Foll

Enter appropriate

number and type

Day, month

and year

Consult your TCR

Sampling Site Plan

Used for

monthly avg.

Used for

RAA

Running annual avg. computed

quarterly (Circle if above MRDL)

Che

1 9 Chlorine U Chloramines 6/14/05 27 Green St. 0.5 mg/L N/A 9 No

9 No

2 9 Chlorine U Chloramines 6/16/05 27 Green St. 2.8 mg/L N/A 9 No

9 No

3 9 Chlorine U Chloramines 6/16/05 25 Green St. 2.8 mg/L N/A 9 No

9 No

4 9 Chlorine U Chloramines 6/16/05 15 Green St. 2.4 mg/L N/A 9 No

9 No

5

9 ChlorineU Chloramines 6/16/05 40 Green St. 2.7 mg/L 2.5 mg/L W No

9 No
A-6

TTHM AND HAA5Example #3: A Ground Water CWS Monitoring for TTHM (Routine to Increased Monitoring)This example shows how a ground water system using chlorine that serves fewer than 500 persons responds to an routine annual monitoring at the location of MRT in the distribution system. Although it will not be discussed in detasystem will also monitor for HAA5 and adjust the HAA5 monitoring schedule to match any changes that occur to the schedule based on sample results. In addition, the system will monitor for chlorine. For the purposes of this exampsystem collects all appropriate companion HAA5 samples and that all the sample results are less than the MCL for This ground water system serves fewer than 500 persons, has only one plant, uses chlorine and must monitor for Tyear at the location of MRT. The system collects its routine MRT samples on August 23, 2005 because August is itwater temperature. Since the TTHM result (0.052 mg/L) is less than the MCL for TTHM (0.080 mg/L), no further acreport to the state by October 10, 2005 (10 days after the end of the quarter in which the sample was taken).The following year, however, the system’s routine MRT sample (taken on August 14, 2006) for TTHM is 0.091 mg/L

MCL. Regardless of its HAA5 sample result, the system must immediately begin quarterly monitoring for both TTHroutine annual sample (taken on August 14, 2006) becomes the first quarterly result and will be used to calculate thTo assess its compliance status for TTHM, the system assumes that the next three quarterly results will be “zero" (a 

calculate its RAA:

RAA =

0.091mg/L (Q1) + 0.000 (est. Q2) + 0.000 (est. Q3) + 0.000 (est. Q4)

= 0.0

4

The system must increase monitoring frequency for both TTHM and HAA5 to quarterly because its routine annual Tmg/L) exceeded the MCL (0.080 mg/L), but the system does not conduct any other follow-up (except to send in a robecause there is no violation of the MCL, since violations are based on the RAA. The sample from August 14, 2006 

quarterly sample used to calculate the RAA.
A-7

Example #3 Worksheet

TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Worksheet

MCL for TTHM: 0.080 mg/L M

Monitoring Period Date Sample Collected Sample Location Results Compliance Calculation Follow-up A

Taken 

Enter appropriate

period

Day, month,

and year

Circle if

above MCL

RAA computed quarterly (circle if

above MCL) Check appropr

Annual 8/23/05 12 State Street (MRT) 0.052 mg/L 0.052 mg/L W Notify the Sta

9 Notify the Pub9 Increase Mon

Third quarter 2006 8/14/06 12 State Street (MRT) 0.091 mg/L 0.091 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.023 4 W Notify the Sta

9 Notify the PubW Increase Mon9 Notify the Sta9 Notify the Pub9 Increase Mon9 Notify the Sta9 Notify the Pub9 Increase Mon
A-8

Example #4: A Ground Water CWS Monitoring for TTHM (Increased to Routine Monitoring)This example shows how the ground water system in example #3 qualifies to return to routine annual monitoring after caused it to increase monitoring to once per quarter. Although it will not be discussed in this example in detail, the sysHAA5 and adjust the HAA5 monitoring schedule to match any changes that occur to the TTHM monitoring schedule bIn addition, the system will monitor for chlorine. For the purposes of this example, assume that the system collects all HAA5 samples and that all the sample results are less than the MCL for HAA5.The system continues to collect quarterly monitoring samples for TTHM and HAA5 at the location of MRT in the distrib

October 22, 2006 the system collects its second TTHM quarterly sample. Using its TTHM samples from August and O

calculates its RAA. To assess its compliance status, the system assumes that the next two quarterly results will be “ze

scenario”) to calculate its RAA: 

RAA = 

0.091mg/L (Q1) + 0.021 (Q2) + 0.000 (est. Q3) + 0.000 (est. Q4)

= 0.028 

4

The RAA is below the TTHM MCL. No further action is required other than to report to the state within 10 days of the system reports to the state on December 2, 2006. The system continues to collect quarterly samples at the point of MRT in the distribution system for the next 2 quarters

year of quarterly monitoring (second quarter of 2007), the system can calculate its RAA for TTHM with actual results fo

RAA = 

0.091mg/L (Q1) + 0.021 (Q2) + 0.034 (Q3) + 0.049 (Q4)

= 0.049 

4

The system’s RAA for TTHM (0.049 mg/L) is below the MCL (0.080 mg/L). The system has not committed an MCL vio

routine annual monitoring (one sample per plant per year during the month of warmest water temperature), the system

than or equal to 0.060 mg/L. The RAA (0.049 mg/L) is low enough to qualify the system to return to a routine monitoriassume for this example that the RAA for HAA5 was also less than or equal to the trigger level of 0.045 mg/L). The syfor approval to return to routine monitoring, and the state grants approval. The system will resume routine annual mon

MRT during the month of warmest water temperature (August) in 2007.
A-9

Example #4 Worksheet

TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Worksheet

MCL for TTHM: 0.080 mg/L 

Monitoring

Period

Date Sample

Collected Sample Location Results Compliance Calculation Follow-up Action 

Enter

appropriate

period

Day, month,

and year

Circle if above

MCL

RAA computed quarterly (circle if

above MCL) Check appropria

Third quarter

2006 8/14/06 12 State Street (MRT) 0.091 mg/L 0.091 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.023 4 W Notify the State 9 Notify the Public W Increase Monito

Fourth 

quarter 2006 10/22/06 12 State Street (MRT) 0.021 mg/L 0.091 + 0.021 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.028 4 W Notify the State 9 Notify the Public 9 Increase Monito

First 

quarter 2007 1/1/07 12 State Street (MRT) 0.034 mg/L 0.091 + 0.021 + 0.034 + 0.000 = 0.037 4 W Notify the State 9 Notify the Public 9 Increase Monito

Second

quarter 2007 5/23/07 12 State Street (MRT) 0.049 mg/L 0.091 + 0.021 + 0.034 + 0.049 = 0.049 4 W Notify the State 9 Notify the Public 9 Increase Monito
B-1

Some states may have their own monitoring worksheets that small drinking water systems are require

worksheets contained in this section are presented as learning tools, and should not replace monitor

by the state.

Appendix B: Sample Monitoring WorksheetsThe following worksheets are designed to help you keep track of your Stage 1 DBPR monitoring and record the res

follow-up monitoring (where applicable). The worksheets can help you ensure that you collect the right number of r

monitoring period and that you calculate compliance correctly. The worksheets also remind you of corrective action

take if you violate the MCL or MRDL. While these worksheets can be a useful management tool, system operators 

original laboratory results on file.Each worksheet includes an explanation of how to complete it and how to use it to calculate compliance. Review thA to help you understand how the worksheets would be used in real-world situations.
B-2

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Worksheet Instructions

Step #1A Note when you took the sample.In the column labeled “Monthly Sample Number and Type,” number your monthlysamples (e.g., 1 = first sample, 2 = second sample). You can determine how manysamples you must take each month by looking at your TCR sample site plan.In the column labeled “Date Sample Collected,” record the day, month, and yearyou took each sample.Step #1B Choose the chemical.Check the box next to the chemical tested for in each sample.Step #2 Record where you took the sample.In the column labeled “Sample Location,” record where you collected each sample. There should be a location to match each location listed on your TCR Sample SitePlan.Step #3A Record result.In the column labeled “Results,” record the analytical results, including units ofmeasure.Step #3B Calculate monthly average.At the end of each month, you should calculate your monthly average. To

calculate your monthly average, add results for all samples taken that month anddivide by the total number of samples for the month. Enter the resulting monthly

average in the column labeled “Monthly Average” next to the final monthly sample.Step #3C Calculate RAA.At the end of each quarter, calculate your RAA by summing your last 12 monthlyaverages and dividing by 12 (if you failed to sample in a month, divide by thenumber of months in which you have sampled). Enter this value in the columnlabeled “Compliance Calculation.” Compare this result to the MRDL. If the averageis > MRDL, circle the result as an indicator that you have violated the MRDL.

Step #4 Indicate follow-up action takeSpecific follow-up actions need to be taken if ytake a sample (a monitoring violation). You mdays of the end of every quarter in which you 

labeled “Follow-up Action Taken:”

< Check “Notify the State” if you took all your 

exceed the MRDL, and you only need to ro

< Check “Notify the State” AND “Notify the P

sample.

< Check “Notify the State” AND “Notify the P

is > MRDL. Notify the state within 48 hours 

< If the RAA is # MRDL, check “Notify the Sta

routine report.

Step #5 Report to state.All systems must report to their state. In the cState,” enter the day, month, year, and type o

< Systems monitoring for chlorine and chlora

the end of each quarter in which samples w

< Systems that have committed an MRDL vio

48 hours.
B-3

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Worksheet

MRDL for Chlorine: 4.0 mg/L 

Monthly Sample

Number and Type

Date Sample

Collected

Sample

Location Results (a) Monthly Average (b) Compliance Calculation (c)(d) Follow

T

Enter appropriate

number and type

Day, month and

year

Consult your TCR

sampling site plan

Used for

monthly avg.

Used for running

annual avg.

Running annual avg. computed quarterly

(Circle if above MRDL) Check ap

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

9Chlorine9Chloramines

9 Notify t9 Notify t

(a) If you fail to take a required sample, you have committed a monitoring violation and must notify the state and your customers.

(b) Use all of your results for the month to calculate your monthly average.(c) Use your last twelve monthly averages to calculate your RAA.(d) If your RAA exceeds the MRDL, you have committed an MRDL violation and must notify the state within 48 hours and your customers within 30 days.
B-4

TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Worksheet Instructions

Step #1 Choose the chemical.Circle either “TTHM” or “HAA5" at the top of the sheet. Use one worksheetexclusively to track compliance with each contaminant’s standard.Step #2 Note when you took the sample.In the column labeled “Monitoring Period,” indicate which sample you arecollecting:

• Annual• 1st Quarter: January to March

• 2nd Quarter: April to June

• 3rd Quarter: July to September

• 4th Quarter: October to December

In the column labeled “Date Sample Collected,” record the day, month, and yearyou took the sample.Step #3 Record where you took the sample.In the column labeled “Sample Location,” record where you collected the sample. Note that systems serving under 10,000 persons and only collecting the minimumrequired number of samples must collect them at the point of MRT. If you collectmore than the required number of samples, at least 25 percent must be taken atthe location of MRT. You must take the remaining samples at locations of at leastaverage residence time.Step #4A Record result.In the column labeled “Results,” record the sample analytical result, includingunits of measure.• If you are monitoring annually and the result is # MCL, no follow-up actions

are required. You can skip to step 5.

• If you are monitoring annually and the result is > MCL, circle the result as

an indicator that you need to begin quarterly monitoring for both TTHM andHAA5.

• If you are monitoring quarterly, use the result to calculate your RAA in step

4B.

Step #4B Calculate RAA.If your annual result is > MCL, or if you are already conducting quarterlymonitoring, you should calculate your RAA to determine compliance. In thecolumn labeled “Compliance Calculation:”• Add the results from the last 4 quarters (an annual sample that exceeds the

MCL and triggers quarterly monitoring should be considered the first quarterlyresult). If you have not yet sampled for 4 quarters, use “0" for future quarterswhen calculating the RAAs. NOTE: “0" is used to create a “best casescenario” (i.e., if the next quarter’s results are as low as possible, would yoube in compliance?). However, if you fail to take a sample in a quarter, youmay not use “0" for that quarter.

• If you have monitored for 4 quarters or are using a “best case scenario,” divide

the sum by 4. If you failed to take a sample, div

you have taken. 

• Compare the result to the MCL. If the result is 

monitoring until told otherwise by the state.

• If the result is > MCL, circle the RAA as an indic

MCL.

Step #4C Indicate follow-up action taken.Specific follow-up actions need to be taken if a samfail to take a sample (a monitoring violation). You within 10 days of the end of every quarter in which column labeled “Follow-up Action Taken:”• Check “Notify the State” if you took all your requ

not exceed the MCL, and you only need to subm

• Check “Notify the State” AND “Notify the Public

sample.

• Check “Notify the State” AND “Notify the Public

you are monitoring annually and your result will MCL. Notify the state within 48 hours and your begin quarterly monitoring next quarter.

• Check “Notify the State” AND “Notify the Public

and the RAA is > MCL. Notify the state within 4within 30 days and continue quarterly monitorinstate.

• Check “Increase Monitoring” if your annual resu

< 4 times the MCL.

Step #5 Report to state.All systems must report to their state. In the columState,” enter the date and the type of report (routin

• Systems monitoring quarterly must report within 

quarter.

• Systems monitoring annually (or less frequently

the end of each quarter in which samples were 

• Systems that have committed an MCL violation 

48 hours.
B-5

TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Worksheet

MCL for TTHM: 0.080 mg/L M

Monitoring

Period

Date Sample

Collected Sample Location (a) Results (b) Compliance Calculation (c)(d) Follow-up Action T

Enter appropriate

period

Day, month,

and year

Circle if above

MCL

RAA computed quarterly (circle if above

MCL) Check appropriate 

9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori9 Notify the State9 Notify the Public9 Increase Monitori

(a) If you take more than the minimum number of samples, at least 25 percent must be taken at the location of MRT and the remainder must be taken at leas

time.

(b) If you fail to take a required sample, you have committed a monitoring violation and must notify the state and your customers. 

(c) If you are monitoring annually and your result will cause your RAA to exceed the MCL, you have committed an MCL violation. You must notify the state w

 within 30 days. You must also begin quarterly monitoring in the next quarter.(d) If you are monitoring quarterly and the RAA is > MCL, you have committed an MCL violation. You must notify the state within 48 hours and your custome continue quarterly monitoring until told otherwise by the state.
C-1

Remember!

Your state may have additional monitoring plan requirements that are not covered in this worksheet. 

state for more information.

Appendix C: Monitoring Plan Worksheets and ExamplesMONITORING PLAN REQUIREMENTUnder the Stage 1 DBPR, each regulated system must develop and follow a monitoring plan that describes speschedules for collecting samples to fulfill monitoring requirements, and the methods the system will use to calcu

the MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques. If you are approved for monitoring as a consecutive system or if 

water to a consecutive system, you must account for the entire distribution system in your plan. The plan must 

to both the state and public as of January 31, 2004. Subpart H systems serving between 3,300 and 10,000 pe

submitted the plan to the state by April 10, 2004. Developing a monitoring plan helps ensure that your system 

sampling requirements for the Stage 1 DBPR even if there are changes in your system’s personnel. If you have 

developed a monitoring plan, you should contact your state for assistance. (141.132(f)).DEVELOPING A MONITORING PLANThe details of a monitoring plan will depend on the characteristics of the system and your state’s requirements (

tribe for complete requirements – see Appendix E or F for contact information). Although additional requiremen

to state, the Stage 1 DBPR requires that you always include:

# specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any monitoring requirement that appl

and,

# how you will calculate compliance with the MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment technique requiremen

In the pages that follow, you will find sample monitoring forms you can use for reference. You will also find blan

forms you can use to develop a monitoring plan for your system, along with instructions on how to complete the

more than one treatment plant, you may want to photocopy the blank monitoring forms and use one set for each 
C-2

Monitoring Plan Example #1: A Ground Water System Using Chlorine to DisinfectThe Muddy River ground water system is required to develop and maintain a monitoring plan and make it availainspection by January 31, 2004. The operator of the system, Scott River, is completing a monitoring plan that woverview of system characteristics as well as individual monitoring plans for the disinfectant (chlorine) and DBPfor which it will be monitoring. Together, these plans will present basic system information, describe where and 

collected, and illustrate how the system will determine compliance with MCLs and MRDLs.First, the operator enters system contact information, including the system’s name and address, his phone numaddress. This information can be useful for state officials or customers who need to contact the system. Next, 

the number of customers (975) and the number of service connections (355) Muddy River serves. This informaofficials who are unfamiliar with the system determine the Stage 1 DBPR requirements with which the system mNext, the operator enters the system characteristics, including the type of system and types of filtration or disinfthese can determine which Stage 1 DBPR requirements the system is required to meet. Muddy River is a CWS disinfection. Therefore, it is required to monitor for chlorine, TTHM, and HAA5.The operator then makes note of the system’s source water characteristics. This will give the state a better undand when the system operates and how the system’s source water characteristics affect its Stage 1 DBPR com

For example, because Muddy River uses two different treatment plants to treat its two sources, the system will b

at the locations of MRT for both plants. This written record is also useful to Muddy River should it hire a new opfamiliar with the system. Muddy River’s sources include two wells that operate year-round. Water from both so

with chlorine at the system’s two treatment plants.
C-3

Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Monitoring Plan

System Information

System Name: Muddy River PWS Contact Person: Scott River, Operator Population Served: PWSID Number: MR12345 Phone Number: (555) 555-1234 Service ConnectionAddress: 55 Water Street Email: sriver@muddyriver.com

Anytown, Your State

System Characteristics

Type of System: Type of Filtration: Type of Disinfecta

T CWS 9 Conventional Filtration T Chlorine and/9 NTNCWS 9 Softening 9 Chlorine Diox9 TNCWS T None Booster Chlorin

9 Ozone9 Other (please 

Source Water Characteristics

Source Name Source Type (GW, SW, Purch.) Purpose (Primary, Backup) Period of Operation Treatment Type 

Meadow Well GW Primary Year-round Chlorine 

Muddy Well GW Primary Year-round Chlorine 

Attach your system schematic to this monitoring plan for system staff, state, and lab reference.Date Last Modified: September 30, 2003 
C-4

Distribution 

Muddy Water EP

Meadow Well EP

System Schematic:

Muddy Well

Meadow Well

Muddy WTP

Meadow WTP
C-5

Monitoring Plan Example #2: Muddy River’s Chlorine Monitoring PlanMuddy River’s monitoring plan for chlorine serves as both a sampling plan for the system operator and staff’s own refer

state to determine whether the system is sampling at the correct frequency and in the correct locations. Muddy River’s 

system is required by the state to include sampling site locations, sampling schedules, and a description of compliance monitoring plans.First, the operator indicates the sites at which chlorine samples will be taken, using Muddy River’s TCR monitoring plan is required to take one sample per month at the same location and time as the one monthly TCR sample. Because Mulocations that properly characterize water quality throughout the distribution system for TCR monitoring, it will also mon

chlorine, alternating among sampling locations from month to month.The operator notes the frequency with which routine monitoring will occur and the number of samples that will be takenthe scheduled sample dates. Whenever possible, the operator selects dates early in the sampling period to allow time problems or to re-take a sample if any problems with the original sample arise.Although there is no increased monitoring provision for chlorine, if a TCR sample is total coliform-positive, the system w

additional chlorine samples at the same time that repeat total coliform samples are taken. Therefore, the operator noteand the sampling schedule in the ‘Additional TCR/Chlorine and Chloramines Monitoring Locations’ table, using Muddy 

plan for reference. The additional chlorine and chloramines samples will be taken at the same time and location as the samples. These additional samples include one repeat sample at the same tap as the original sample, one repeat samconnections upstream from the original sample, and one repeat sample within five service connections downstream fro

Because Muddy River collects only one routine sample per month, the system must also collect one additional repeat sthe system. Muddy River will collect this sample at the entrance to the distribution system.The operator then writes down a brief description of how the system will calculate compliance with the chlorine MRDL, account the possibility of increased monitoring due to repeat total coliform monitoring. Lastly, the operator fills in the daplan was completed in the ‘Date Last Modified’ area. If at any point the operator needs to modify the monitoring plan (e

determines that the system must change its sampling locations, the system wants to take additional compliance sample

that changes were made as a reference for system staff and the state.
C-6

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Plan

Routine Monitoring*

Disinfectant Residual Sample Site Location Sampling Frequency Sche

Chlorine 405 Lake Street Once every 3 months 1st M

Chlorine 12 Main Street Once every 3 months 1st MChlorine 15 River Street Once every 3 months 1st M

* Note: Muddy River has identified 3 locations that properly characterize water quality throughout the distribution system for TCR mo

chlorine at these locations, alternating among sampling locations from month to month.
C-7

Additional TCR/Chlorine & Chloramines Monitoring Locations1

Disinfectant

Residual Repeat Sample Site Locations2 Routine Sample Site Schedul

Chlorine

Within 5 connections upstream

405 Lake St. Within 24 hours of be

pos

Within 5 connections downstream At original location

At entrance to distribution system

Chlorine

Within 5 connections upstream

12 Main St. Within 24 hours of be

pos

Within 5 connections downstream At original location

At entrance to distribution system

Chlorine

Within 5 connections upstream

15 River St. Within 24 hours of be

pos

Within 5 connections downstream At original location

At entrance to distribution system

1 Systems must take additional chlorine or chloramines samples whenever total coliform-positive results require additional samples based on TCR requirements2 Systems must collect: one repeat sample at the same tap as the original sample; one repeat sample within five service connections upstream from the original 

within five service connections downstream from the original sample (check your TCR sample siting plan). Systems collecting one or fewer routine samples pe

repeat sample at any other point in the system. Unless the requirement is waived by the state, systems that collect fewer than five routine samples per month t

positive result must collect five routine total coliform (and therefore chlorine and/or chloramines) samples the next month.

Compliance Determination

Muddy River will calculate the monthly average by dividing the sum of the results of the chlorine samples by the number of sampleMuddy River will calculate the annual average by dividing the sum of monthly averages by 12.If Muddy River is required to take any additional chlorine samples as a result of a total coliform-positive sample, these results will b

the monthly average is calculated.

Date Last Modified: September 30, 2003 
C-8

Monitoring Plan Example #3: Muddy River’s TTHM and HAA5 Monitoring PlanMuddy River’s monitoring plan for TTHM and HAA5 serves as both a sampling plan for the system operator and staff’s 

guide for the state to determine whether the system is sampling at the correct frequency and in the correct locations. Mdetermined that the system is required by the state to include sampling site locations, sampling schedules, and a descrdetermination methods in its monitoring plans.First, the operator indicates the sites at which TTHM and HAA5 samples will be taken. The system is required to take oyear at the point of MRT for TTHM and HAA5. Since Muddy River operates two plants (and thus has two points of MRT

samples per year, one at the location of MRT for Meadow WTP and one at the location of MRT for Muddy WTP. The o

with which the samples are associated, the frequency with which routine monitoring will occur, and the number of sampthe operator notes the scheduled sample dates; whenever possible, the operator selects dates early in the sampling peaddress any compliance problems or lab capacity issues.The operator also notes sampling locations and develops a sampling schedule for increased monitoring, should either osamples exceed the MCL; and for reduced monitoring, should the system have low enough TTHM and HAA5 levels to The operator then writes down a brief description of how the system will calculate compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 into account the possibility of increased or reduced monitoring.Lastly, the operator fills in the date on which the monitoring plan was completed in the ‘Date Last Modified’ area. If at ato modify the monitoring plan (e.g., because the state determines that the system must change its sampling locations o

additional compliance samples) he will indicate the date that changes were made as a reference for system staff and th
C-9

TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Plan

Byproduct Sample Site Plant Frequency Number of Samples Collected Sche

Routine Monitoring

TTHM 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Annually 1 FiTTHM 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Annually 1 Fi

HAA5 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Annually 1 FiHAA5 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Annually 1 Fi

Increased Monitoring

TTHM 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Quarterly 1 2nd month o

TTHM 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Quarterly 1 2nd month o

HAA5 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Quarterly 1 2nd month oHAA5 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Quarterly 1 2nd month o

Reduced Monitoring

TTHM 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Every 3 years 1 FiTTHM 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Every 3 years 1 Fi

HAA5 18 Arbor Ave. Meadow WTP Every 3 years 1 FiHAA5 56 Park Rd. Muddy WTP Every 3 years 1 Fi

Compliance Determination

Muddy River will use the results of the annual samples for TTHM and HAA5 to determine compliance. If on an increased monitoring schedu

compliance using an RAA of quarterly results. Muddy River will calculate the RAA at the end of every quarter by summing the results from t

dividing the sum by the number of results. If on a reduced schedule, Muddy River will use the results of the samples taken once every 3 ye

Date Last Modified: September 30, 2003 
C-10

Stage 1 DBPR Monitoring Plan Worksheet Instructions

Step #1 Enter your system information.Enter your system’s name, address, and PWSID. Next, enter the name of thesystem’s contact person, their phone number, and their email address. Then,enter the number of customers and service connections your system serves.Step #2 Enter your system’s characteristics.Check off the appropriate boxes to describe the type of system that youoperate, including which disinfectant(s) are used to treat the water andwhether your system uses conventional filtration or softening.Step #3 Enter your system’s source water characteristics.• Under ‘Source Name,’ list all the drinking water sources your system uses. 

Include sources that are used intermittently (e.g., backup sources,

seasonal sources).

• Under ‘Source Type,’ indicate whether the sources used are surface water,

ground water, or GWUDI.

• Under ‘Purpose,’ indicate whether the source serves as a primary, backup,

or emergency source.

• Under ‘Period of Operation,’ indicate when the source is in use (e.g., yearround, only in the summer months).

• Under ‘Treatment Type,’ indicate how the water from each source is

treated (e.g., chlorine, conventional filtration). Then note where each

source is treated under ‘Treatment Plant.’

Step #4 Attach a system schematic.Attach a schematic of your system for system staffStep #5 Enter the monitoring plan completiIn the ‘Date Last Modified’ area, enter the date on monitoring plan. If the monitoring plan is modified modification date in this area.Note: If you operate more than one treatment planphotocopy this for and use one for each treatment 
C-11

Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Monitoring Plan

System Information

System Name: Contact Person: Population Served:PWSID Number: Phone Number: Service Connections:Address: Email:

System Characteristics

Type of System: Type of Filtration: Type of Disinfectant:

9 CWS 9 Conventional Filtration 9 Chlorine and/or C9 NTNCWS 9 Softening 9 Chlorine Dioxide9 TNCWS 9 None Booster Chlorina

9 Ozone9 Other (please sp

Source Water Characteristics

Source Name Source Type (GW, SW, Purch.) Purpose (Primary, Backup) Period of Operation Treatment Type 

Attach your system schematic to this monitoring plan for system staff, state, and lab reference.

Date Last Modified:__________________________
C-12

Chlorine & Chloramines Monitoring Plan Worksheet Instructions

Step #1 Set up a routine monitoring schedule.

• Under ‘Disinfectant Residual,’ note the disinfectant residual for

which you will be sampling at this location.

• Under ‘Sample Site Location,’ enter the locations at which you

will be sampling (use your TCR monitoring plan for reference).

• Under ‘Sampling Frequency,’ note the frequency with which you

will sample at this location. Note that depending on the numberof sample sites you use, you may not be sampling at every siteevery month. 

• Under ‘Scheduled Sample Dates,’ indicate the dates on which

you will be sampling for the disinfectant residual (use your TCRmonitoring plan for reference).

Step #2 Set up a schedule for additional monitoring.

• Under ‘Disinfectant Residual,’ note the disinfectant residual for

which you will be sampling.

• Under ‘Repeat Sample Site Locations,’ enter the sites at which

repeat total coliform monitoring (and therefore additional chlorineor chloramines monitoring) will be performed (consult your TCRmonitoring plan for reference).

• Under ‘Routine Sample Site,’ enter the locations for the routine

sites that correspond to the additional samples.

• Under ‘Scheduled Sample Dates,’ enter the dates on which the

repeat monitoring will be performed.

Step #3 Describe how you will determinEnter a narrative description of how you will cathe chlorine or chloramines MRDL. Discuss hmonthly average (if applicable) and the RAA afor additional samples taken as a result of a toin the monthly average.Step #4 Enter the monitoring plan compIn the ‘Date Last Modified’ area, enter the date this monitoring plan. If the monitoring plan is the modification date in this area.Note: If you need more space to list all your sophotocopy the worksheet and use one sheet f
C-13

Chlorine/Chloramines Monitoring Plan

Routine Monitoring

Disinfectant Residual Sample Site Location Sampling Frequency Sche
C-14

Additional TCR/Chlorine & Chloramines Monitoring Locations1

Disinfectant

Residual Repeat Sample Site Locations2 Routine Sample Site Sche

Within 5 connections upstream

Within 5 connections downstream

At original location

At entrance to distribution system

Within 5 connections upstream

Within 5 connections downstream

At original location

At entrance to distribution system

Within 5 connections upstream

Within 5 connections downstream

At original location

At entrance to distribution system

1 Systems must take additional chlorine or chloramines samples whenever total coliform-positive results require additional samples based on TCR req2 Systems must collect: one repeat sample at the same tap as the original sample; one repeat sample within five service connections upstream from th

within five service connections downstream from the original sample (check your TCR sample siting plan). Systems collecting one or fewer routine s

additional repeat sample at any other point in the system. Unless the requirement is waived by the state, systems that collect fewer than five routine coliform-positive result must collect five routine total coliform (and therefore chlorine and/or chloramines) samples the next month.

Compliance Determination

Date Last Modified:__________________________
C-15

TTHM & HAA5 Monitoring Plan Worksheet Instructions

Step #1 Set up a routine sampling schedule.

• Under ‘Byproduct,’ note whether you are sampling for TTHM or

HAA5.

(a) Under ‘Sample Site,’ enter the locations at which you will be

sampling.

(a) Under ‘Plant,’ enter the plant that corresponds to the sample.(a) Under ‘Frequency,’ note how often you are required to sample for

the byproduct (i.e., quarterly or annually).

(a) Under ‘Number of Samples Collected,’ enter the number of samples

collected at that location.

(a) Under ‘Scheduled Sample Dates,’ indicate the dates on which you

will be sampling for the byproduct.

Step #2 Set up a schedule for increased monitoring.

(a) Under ‘Byproduct,’ note whether you are sampling for TTHM or

HAA5.

(a) Under ‘Sample Site,’ enter the locations at which you will be

sampling.

(a) Under ‘Plant,’ enter the plant that corresponds to the sample.(a) Under ‘Frequency,’ note how often you are required to sample for

the byproduct when on an increased monitoring schedule, ifapplicable.

(a) Under ‘Number of Samples Collected,’ enter the number of samples

collected at that location.

(a) Under ‘Scheduled Sample Dates,’ indicate the dates on which you

intend to sample for the byproduct.

Step #3 Set up a schedule for reduced mo

(a) Under ‘Byproduct,’ note whether you are 

HAA5.

(a) Under ‘Sample Site,’ enter the locations a

sampling.

(a) Under ‘Plant,’ enter the plant that corresp(a) Under ‘Frequency,’ note how often you a

the byproduct when on a reduced monito

(a) Under ‘Number of Samples Collected,’ en

collected at that location.

(a) Under ‘Scheduled Sample Dates,’ indicat

intend to sample for the byproduct.

Step #4 Describe how you will determine Enter a narrative description of how you will cathe TTHM and HAA5 MCLs. Discuss how you on a routine, reduced, or increased monitoring Step #5 Enter the monitoring plan compleIn the ‘Date Last Modified’ area, enter the date this monitoring plan. If the monitoring plan is the modification date in this area.Note: If you operate more than one plant, you worksheet and use one sheet for each plant.
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TTHM/HAA5 Monitoring Plan

Byproduct Sample Site Plant Frequency Number of Samples Collected Sched

Routine Monitoring

Increased Monitoring

Reduced Monitoring

Compliance Determination

Date Last Modified:__________________________
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Appendix D: Additional Sources of Information on the Stage Below are some sources of information on topics related to the Stage 1 DBPR.RegulationsThe Federal Register Notice on the Final Rule: National PrimaryDrinking Water Regulations: Disinfectants and DisinfectionByproducts; Final Rule. December 16, 1998. Federal Register. Volume 63, No. 241, pp. 69390-69476. Available online atwww.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/dbpfr.html.The Federal Register Technical Corrections to the Stage 1DBPR: Revisions to the Interim Enhanced Surface WaterTreatment Rule (IESWTR), the Stage 1 Disinfectants andDisinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR), and Revisions to theState Primacy Requirements to Implement the Safe Drinking WaterAct (SDWA) amendments; Final Rule. January 16, 2001. FederalRegister. Volume 66, No. 10, pp. 3770-3780. Available online atwww.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2001/January/Day-16/w655.htm.The Federal Register Minor Corrections to the Stage 1 DBPR:Revisions to the LT1ESTWR, SWTR, and other National PrimaryDrinking Water Regulations; Final Rule. March 2, 2004. FederalRegister. Volume 69, No. 41, pp. 9781-9790. Available online atwww.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2004/March/Day02/w4464.htm.

Documents

EPA’s MDBP Rules Implementation Actwww.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/implement.number of documents, including the text oImplementation Guidance, many fact sheeguide to the Rule.AssociationsAmerican Water Works Association:www.awwa.org/Science/dbp/index.cfm(800-926-7337)Association of State Drinking Water Adwww.asdwa.org(202-293-7655)Association of Metropolitan Water Agewww.amwa.net/features/sdwa/sbys/ss3.ht(202-331-2820)National Rural Water Association: www.nrwa.org(580-252-0629)The Natural Resources Defense Councwww.nrdc.org/water/drinking/default.asp(212-727-2700)
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Appendix E: Contact Information for Safe Drinking Water AcAgenciesFor additional information or to learn more about the laws in your own state, please contact your EPA Regional Coord

Water Agency.

State Agency Web Site AlabamaDepartment of Environmental Management: WaterSupply Branch

www.adem.state.al.us/WaterDivision/Drinking/DWMainInfo.

AlaskaDepartment of Environmental Management: WaterSupply Branch

www.state.ak.us/dec/eh/dw 

American SamoaEnvironmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwinfo/samoa.htm ArizonaDepartment of Environmental Quality: Safe DrinkingWater Section

www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/dw/index.html 

ArkansasDepartment of Health: Division of Engineering www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/ CaliforniaDepartment of Health Services: Division of DrinkingWater & Environmental Management

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/technical/dwp/dwpindex.h

ColoradoDepartment of Public Health & Environment: DrinkingWater Program 

http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Wr_Program_Home.htm 

Connecticut Department of Public Health: Drinking Water Division www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/water/dwd.htm DelawareDelaware Health & Social Services: Division of PublicHealth

www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/about.html 
State Agency Web Site 

E-2

District of ColumbiaEnvironmental Health Administration: WaterResources Management Division

www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater 

FloridaDepartment of Environmental Protection: DrinkingWater Program 

www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater/index.htm 

GeorgiaDepartment of Natural Resources: Water ResourcesBranch

www.gaepd.org 

GuamGuam Environmental Protection Agency: WaterPrograms Division

www.guamepa.govguam.net/programs/water 

HawaiiDepartment of Health: Environmental Health Division www.hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/sdwb/index.htm

IdahoDepartment of Environmental Quality: Water QualityDivision

www.deq.state.id.us/water/ 

IllinoisEnvironmental Protection Agency: Division of PublicWater Supplies 

www.epa.state.il.us/water/index-pws.html 

IndianaDepartment of Environmental Management: DrinkingWater Branch 

www.in.gov/idem/water/dwb/ 

IowaDepartment of Natural Resources: Water SupplyProgram

www.iowadnr.com/water/drinking/index.html 

KansasDepartment of Environmental Protection: Bureau ofWater

www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws/ 
State Agency Web Site 

E-3

Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection: Division ofWater

www.water.ky.gov/dw 

LouisianaOffice of Public Health: Safe Drinking Water Program www.oph.dhh.louisiana.gov/engineerservice/safewater MaineMaine Department of Human Services: DrinkingWater Program

www.state.me.us/dhs/eng/water/ 

MarylandDepartment of the Environment: Public DrinkingWater Program

www.mde.state.md.us/programs/WaterPrograms/Water_Su/index.asp 

MassachusettsDepartment of Environmental Protection: DrinkingWater Program

www.mass.gov/dep/brp/dws/dwshome.htm 

MichiganDepartment of Environmental Quality: Water Bureau www.michigan.gov/deq MinnesotaDepartment of Health: Drinking Water ProtectionSection 

www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/index.html 

MississippiDepartment of Health: Division of Water Supply www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/44.0.76.html MissouriDepartment of Natural Resources: Water Protectionand Soil Conservation Division 

http://www.dnr.mo.gov/wpscd/wpcp/dw-index.htm 

MontanaDepartment of Environmental Quality: Public WaterSupply Program 

www.deq.state.mt.us/wqinfo/PWS/index.asp 

NebraskaDepartment of HHS: Public Water Supply Program www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm 
State Agency Web Site 

E-4

NevadaDepartment of Environmental Services: Safe DrinkingWater Program

http://ndep.nv.gov/bsdw/index.htm 

New HampshireDepartment of Environmental Services: WaterDivision

www.des.state.nh.us/wseb/ 

New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protection: WaterSupply Administration

www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/ 

New MexicoEnvironment Department: Drinking Water Bureau www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html New YorkDepartment of Health: Bureau of Water SupplyProtection

www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/main.htm 

North CarolinaDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources:Public Water Supply Section

www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws/ 

North DakotaDepartment of Health: Division of Water Quality www.health.state.nd.us/mf OhioEnvironmental Protection Agency: Division ofDrinking & Ground Water

www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/ 

OklahomaDepartment of Environmental Quality: Water QualityDivision

www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/index.htm 

OregonDepartment of Human Services: Drinking WaterProgram 

http://oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/index.shtml 

PennsylvaniaDepartment of Environmental Protection: Office ofWater Management

www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/WSM.htm 
State Agency Web Site 

E-5

Puerto RicoDepartment of Health: Public Water SupplySupervision Program 

www.epa.gov/region02/cepd/prlink.htm 

Rhode IslandDepartment of Health: Office of Drinking WaterQuality

www.health.ri.gov/environment/dwq/index.php 

South CarolinaDepartment of Health & Environmental Control:Drinking Water Program

www.scdhec.net/eqc/water/html/dwater.html 

South DakotaDepartment of Environment & Natural Resources:Drinking Water Program 

www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/dwprg.htm 

TennesseeDepartment of Environment & Conservation: Divisionof Water Supply

www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html 

TexasTexas Commission on Environmental Quality www.tceq.state.tx.us/nav/util_water/ UtahDepartment of Environmental Quality: Division ofDrinking Water 

www.drinkingwater.utah.gov 

VermontVermont Agency of Natural Resources www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wsd.htm Virgin IslandsDepartment of Planning & Natural Resources:Division of Environmental Protection

http://dpnr.gov.vi/dep/home.htm 

VirginiaDepartment of Health: Office of Drinking Water www.vdh.state.va.us/dw/index.asp WashingtonDepartment of Environmental Health: Office ofDrinking Water

www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/ 
State Agency Web Site 

E-6

West VirginiaBureau for Public Health: Department of Health andHuman Resources

www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/ 

WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources: Drinking Waterand Ground Water

www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/ 

WyomingEPA Region VIII: Wyoming Drinking Water Program www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html 
F-1

Appendix F: Tribal ContactsFor additional information or to learn more about the laws governing your tribe, use the contact information provided in this Appen

U.S. EPA HeadquartersAmerican Indian Environmental Office www.epa.gov/indian (202) 5U.S. EPA Regional Tribal Capacity Development CoordinatorsU.S. EPA Region 1 www.epa.gov/region01/topics/government/tribal.html (888) 3U.S. EPA Region 2 www.epa.gov/region02/nations/index.html (212) 6U.S. EPA Region 4 www.epa.gov/region04/ead/indian/index.htm (404) 5U.S. EPA Region 5 www.epa.gov/region5/water/stpb/ (312) 3U.S. EPA Region 6 www.epa.gov/region06/6xa/tribal.htm (800) 8U.S. EPA Region 7 www.epa.gov/region07/government_tribal/index.htm (913) 5U.S. EPA Region 8 www.epa.gov/region08/tribes (303) 3U.S. EPA Region 9 www.epa.gov/region09/cross_pr/indian/index.html (415) 7U.S. EPA Region 10 yosemite.epa.gov/r10/tribal.NSF/webpage/tribal+office+homepage?ope

ndocument

(206) 5

Other ContactsAdministration for Native Americans www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana/ (877) 9Bureau of Indian Affairs www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html (202) 2Indian Health Service www.ihs.gov (301) 4Native American Water Association www.nawainc.org (775) 7
G-1

Appendix G: Other STEP DocumentsThis Guide, Supplement A, and Supplement B are part of a series of Simple Tools for Effective Performance (STEP) 

drinking water systems. The currently available STEP documents can be obtained from EPA by calling the Safe Drink

800-426-4791 and requesting the document by its publication number or by visiting EPA’s Small Drinking Water Web www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys.htm.Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Regulation Overview Brochurefor Small SystemsThis brochure summarizes SDWA regulations that currently exist,are proposed, or are under development that affect or will affectsmall water systems. The brochure emphasizes how theregulations relate to each other and explains the multi-barrierapproach to microbial and chemical risks and how SDWAregulations fit into this type of framework. The brochure alsoemphasizes how most small systems can achieve compliancethrough process optimization and more efficient systemmanagement.Publication number EPA 816-R-02-004Complying With the New Drinking Water Standard for ArsenicThis workbook is designed to help systems understand andachieve compliance with the Arsenic Rule. The workbook providessample worksheets to help systems organize data and providesguidance for small systems on their selection of appropriatecompliance options.Publication number EPA 816-R-02-008AAsset Management: A Handbook for Small Water SystemsThis workbook guides small systems through a four-step processof developing an asset management plan and includes worksheetson completing a thorough asset inventory; prioritizing themaintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of your assets;developing a simple asset management plan; and carrying out theplan. The workbook also provides information about how assetmanagement can help improve your system's financial health andability to provide safe drinking water.Publication number EPA 816-K-03-016

Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small This workbook is designed to help systems concept of strategic planning and how it caprepare to meet public expectations and rerequirements while maintaining organizatiostability in the future. The workbook providhelp systems create a vision statement and their capacity, define their area of service, and develop a strategic plan for their systePublication number EPA 816-R-03-015Taking Stock of Your Water System: A Simfor Very Small Drinking Water Systems This workbook will guide very small systemasset inventory of their drinking water systesteps of an asset management plan. The wworksheets on asset condition and prioritizPublication number EPA 816-K-03-002Preventive Maintenance Tasks for Tribal DSystems: Guide Booklet and Log SheetsThe log cards and guidance booklet providroutine operation and maintenance tasks fowater systems that use a groundwater supdivided into sections that outline daily, weetasks, plus individual sections that describe each month of the year. Each section contnotes that provide additional information on notes correspond to the tasks on the accomPublication number EPA 816-F-01-017