# 2005 Minerals Yearbook

Alu m inu m

**U.S. Department of the Interior**

**U.S. Geological Survey September 2006** Aluminum—2005 5.1 

# A **luminum**

By Patricia A. Plunkert

**Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Benjamin S. Goff, statistical assistant, and the world production table**

**was prepared by Linder Roberts, international data coordinator.**

compared with that of 2004. Production data were obtained from

the six operating domestic producers, all of whom responded to

the U .S. Geological Survey ( U SGS) request for production data.

I n December, Alcoa I nc. closed its 195,000-metric-ton-peryear (t/yr) Eastalco primary aluminum smelter in Frederick,

M D. The facility was unable to secure a new, long-term,

competitive power supply to replace the power arrangement

with Allegheny Power that expired on December 31 (Alcoa I nc.,

2005j).

Ormet Corp. temporarily closed the last two of six potlines

at its 265,000-t/yr smelter in Hannibal, OH. The company

reportedly based its decision on the continuing work stoppage

by union employees at the facility and delays in raw material

deliveries caused by the extended closing of the Belleville L ocks

and Dam on the Ohio River (Ormet Corp., 2005).

Century Aluminum Co. signed a memorandum of

understanding ( M O U ) with Big Rivers Electric Corp. and

Kenergy Corp. that would restructure and extend through 2023

the electricity service contract for its Hawesville, KY, primary

aluminum smelter (Century Aluminum Co., 2005a). Alcan I nc.

also signed an M O U with Big Rivers and Kenergy to restructure

and extend the existing electricity service contract for its Sebree,

KY, smelter through 2023. Both contracts were subject to

approval by State and local regulators (Alcan I nc., 2005i).

Century also signed an agreement with Appalachian Power

Company for electrical service to its Ravenswood, WV, smelter

effective January 1, 2005. The agreement, which replaced the

expired contract with Ohio Power Company, had an initial term

of 2 years but would continue until Century gave a 12-month

notice of cancellation. Both Appalachian and Ohio Power were

subsidiaries of American Electric Power Company (Century

Aluminum Co., 2005d).

Alcoa and TX U Energy Co. signed a letter of intent covering

the development, construction, ownership, operation, and

maintenance of a fifth power generating station at Alcoa’s

Rockdale, TX, smelter. The proposed new generating station

would replace three of the four existing stations and guarantee

that the smelter’s power requirements would be met through

2038 (Alcoa I nc., 2005o).

Alcoa also announced investments to secure the long-term

power needs of its Warrick, IN

, smelter. The company planned

to invest $45 million to purchase equipment and the rights to

mine coal from Vigo Coal Co. The investment also called for

the addition of a coal preparation facility and material handing

infrastructure to transport the coal to Alcoa’s onsite powerplant.

The mine would produce about 1 M t/yr of coal, approximately

45% of the powerplant’s annual fuel requirements (Alcoa

I nc., 2005l). Alcoa also planned to invest $330 million at

its N ewburgh, IN

, powerplant to increase environmental

performance and power efficiency and to lower costs. The plans I n 2005, 6 domestic companies operated 14 primary

aluminum smelters in 12 States and produced 2.48 million

metric tons ( M t) of metal. Smelters east of the M ississippi River

accounted for about 70% of the production. The value of U .S.

production was estimated to be $4.98 billion. Five smelters were

temporarily idled during the year. At yearend, about 1.2 million

metric tons per year ( M t/yr) of domestic primary aluminum

smelting capacity, including idled potlines at operating smelters,

equivalent to about 32% of total capacity, was closed.

Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap decreased to

2.99 M t. Of this recovered metal, about 64% came from new

(manufacturing) scrap, and 36% came from old (discarded

aluminum products) scrap. Aluminum used beverage cans

( U BCs) accounted for about 60% of the reported old scrap

consumption in 2005. According to the Aluminum Association

I nc. (2006a), the recycling rate for aluminum U BCs was 52%.

The transportation and the container and packaging industries

remained the leading markets for aluminum products in Canada and

the U nited States in 2005. The transportation industry accounted for

37% of domestic metal shipments; containers and packaging, 22%;

building and construction, 16%; consumer durables, 7%; electrical,

7%; machinery and equipment, 7%; and other uses, 4%.

U .S. imports for consumption of aluminum materials

increased by 13% in 2005 compared with those of 2004. Canada

remained the leading shipper of aluminum materials to the

U nited States, followed by Russia. Total exports of aluminum

materials from the U nited States in 2005 increased by 30%

compared with those of 2004.

The monthly average U .S. market price of primary aluminum

ingot increased dramatically during the latter half of 2005,

exceeding $1.00 per pound for the first time since January 1989.

The 2005 annual average price increased to 91.06 cents per

pound from 84.01 cents per pound in 2004.

At the end of 2005, total world inventories of aluminum, as

reported by the I nternational Aluminium I nstitute ( I A I ) (2006),

increased slightly compared with those of 2004. Combined

inventories of aluminum metal and alloys held by the L ondon

M etal Exchange L td. ( LM E), however, decreased.

Primary aluminum was produced in 42 countries in 2005.

China, Russia, Canada, and the U nited States, in decreasing

order of metal produced, accounted for more than one-half

of total world production. World primary metal production

increased by about 7% compared with that of 2004. The

increase in production in China was responsible for most of this

increase in world production.

**Production**

Primary. —Domestic primary aluminum production, which

totaled a reported 2,480,999 metric tons (t), decreased by 1%5.2 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 included the installation of scrubbers, boiler modifications to

provide greater fuel flexibility, and the installation of new and

improved coal handling facilities (Alcoa I nc., 2005f).

Alcan and workers represented by U nited Steelworkers

( U SW) ratified a new 5-year labor agreement at the Ravenswood

rolling mill. The new contract, effective June 1, will expire on

M ay 31, 2010. The mill produced aluminum plate, coil, and

sheet products for the aerospace, aeronautical, and transportation

industries (Alcan I nc., 2005h).

Kaiser Aluminum Corp. and U SW ratified 5-year labor

agreements covering workers at multiple Kaiser plants. The

agreements, which will expire in 2010, covered workers in

N ewark, OH; Tulsa, OK; Richmond, VA; and Spokane, WA.

The agreements provided similar terms at each plant, including

a ratification bonus, a typical industry-level wage increase, and

the opportunity to share in plant profitability (Kaiser Aluminum

Corp., 2005b).

Kaiser announced a $75 million expansion at its Trentwood,

WA, rolling mill. The expansion included the addition of a stateof-the-art thick-plate stretcher, horizontal heat-treat furnaces, an

ultrasonic inspection system, and other ancillary equipment that

would enable Kaiser to supply heavy-gauge, heat-treat stretched

plate to the aerospace and general engineering markets.

The project was expected to be completed in 2008 (Kaiser

Aluminum Corp., 2005c).

JW Aluminum Co. completed the initial phase of a major

expansion program at its Russellville, AR, rolling mill. Capacity

at the facility increased by 27,000 t/yr (60 million pounds per

year). The expansion was in response to increased finstock

(coiled aluminum sheet or foil used in manufacture of fins for

heat exchanger applications) demand by the air conditioning

industry. I n addition to finstock, the mill produced light gauge

converter foil for the flexible packaging industry, heavier gauge

sheet for the building and construction markets, and other foil

and sheet products (JW Aluminum Co., 2005).

Alcan announced a $27 million expansion at its Ravenswood

rolling mill. U pon completion, scheduled for 2006, the

expansion would increase the plant’s production of aluminum

plate, coil, and sheet products for the aerospace, aeronautical,

and transportation industries. I n October, Alcan signed a

multiyear agreement with The Boeing Company to supply

the aircraft manufacturer with a variety of high-performance

aluminum products (Alcan I nc., 2005g).

Alcan announced the closure of its Vernon, CA, aluminum

cast plate facility effective January 21, 2006. The plant produced

aluminum cast plates for the mold- and tool-making industries

(Alcan I nc., 2005k).

I n early 2005, Honeywell I nternational I nc. acquired I ndalex

Aluminum Solutions Group as part of its purchase of N ovar

Plc. I n September, Sun Capital Partners I nc. agreed to purchase

I ndalex from Honeywell for $425 million. I ndalex is N orth

America’s leading independent supplier of extruded aluminum

components and services with 2 casthouses and 16 extrusion

facilities in the U nited States and Canada ( I ndalex Aluminum

Solutions Group, 2005, 2006).

Ohio Valley Aluminum Co. acquired the assets of Boonville

Casting, an aluminum billet casting company in Boonville, IN

. The transaction added 41,000 t/yr (90 million pounds per year) to Ohio Valley’s aluminum extrusion billet casting capacity

(Ohio Valley Aluminum Co., 2005§ 1 ).

Secondary.

— M etal recovered from new and old scrap

decreased to 2.99 M t in 2005, according to data derived by the

U SGS from its “Aluminum Scrap” survey (table 3). Of the 59

companies and/or plants to which monthly or annual survey

requests were sent, 36 responded; they represented 82% of the

total scrap consumed reported in table 4.

According to figures released by the Aluminum Association,

the Can M anufacturers I nstitute, and the I nstitute of Scrap

Recycling I ndustries I nc., 51.4 billion aluminum U BCs were

recycled in the U nited States in 2005, for an aluminum beverage

can recycling rate of 52%, a 0.8% increase from the 2004 rate

(Aluminum Association I nc., 2006a).

Aleris I nternational I nc., the company formed in 2004 from

the merger of IM CO Recycling I nc. and Commonwealth

I ndustries I nc., announced several acquisitions in 2005. Aleris

purchased A L SCO Holdings I nc. (the parent of company of

A L SCO M etals Corp.) (Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005b).

Headquartered in Raleigh, N C, A L SCO was a leading

supplier of aluminum building products. A L SCO operated

a rolling mill in Bellwood, VA, and coating and fabrication

facilities in Roxboro, N C, Ashville, OH, and Beloit, W I

(Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005f). Following the purchase of

A L SCO, Aleris evaluated its production facilities for potential

redundancy and decided to permanently close and dismantle

its Carson, CA, rolling mill and coating facility. The Carson

mill supplied semifabricated aluminum coil and painted coil for

building and construction, consumer durables, and electrical

applications (Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005e).

I n addition to A L SCO, Aleris purchased certain assets of Ormet

(Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005d). Aleris planned to transfer

selected equipment from Ormet’s Hannibal rolling mill to its other

mills, which was expected to increase Aleris’ production capacity

by about 57,000 t/yr (125 million pounds per year). Ormet’s

Bens Run, WV, recycling facility was to become part of Aleris’s

Aluminum Recycling segment. Aleris expanded its product

line with the purchase of Specialty Blanks I nc, which produced

aluminum fabricated products automotive wheels, cookware, and

lighting (Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005g).

I n December, Aleris also completed the purchase of

Alumitech I nc., an aluminum recycling operation headquartered

in Cleveland, OH, from Zemex Corp. (Aleris I nternational I nc.,

2005c).

Wabash Alloys LL C announced plans to close its secondary

aluminum smelter in Cleveland and move most of its production

to the company’s Wabash, IN

, plant. Wabash is a leading producer

of specification aluminum alloy from aluminum scrap with four

smelters in the U nited States (excluding the Cleveland plant), two

smelters in Canada, and one smelter in M exico. N orth American

production capacity was estimated to be about 590,000 t/yr (1.3

billion pounds per year) of metal (Schaffer, 2005b).

Arkansas Aluminum Alloys I nc. fired up a third furnace at

its Hot Springs, AR, secondary aluminum plant that increased

capacity to about 59,000 t/yr (130 million pounds per year). The

facility produces specification aluminum ingot for diecasters and

1 References that include a section mark (§) are found in the I nternet

References Cited section.Aluminum—2005 5.3 foundries in the U nited States (Platts M etals Week, 2005a).

Jupiter Aluminum Corp. announced plans to expand capacity

at its Hammond, IN

, rolling mill to 159,000 t/yr (350 million

pounds per year) from 109,000 t/yr (240 million pounds per

year). The mill produces 3000 series alloys from aluminum

scrap for residential siding and gutters as well as cookware and

lighting components. A specialty of the mill is license plate coil

used by the California, I llinois, and I ndiana State governments

(Schaffer, 2005a).

Kentucky Smelting Technology I nc. [a joint venture between

Toyota Tsusho America I nc. ( N ew York, N Y) and Toyota

Tsusho America’s parent company Toyota Tsusho Corp. (Tokyo,

Japan)] announced plans to build an aluminum smelting facility

in Paris, KY. The new facility will produce molten aluminum

alloys for Central M anufacturing Corp./Central L ight Alloy

(C M C/C L A), a manufacturer of aluminum wheels. C M C/C L A

expected to double its production of aluminum wheels to 1.5

million wheels by late 2005 (Kentucky Cabinet for Economic

Development, 2005§).

Industry Merger. —Falconbridge L imited and N oranda I nc.

merged to form a new company that would continue under

the name Falconbridge L imited. Falconbridge was a producer

of nickel, copper, cobalt, and platinum-group metals as well

as being one of the world’s leading recyclers and processors

of metal-bearing materials. N oranda was a copper and nickel

company with investments in fully integrated aluminum and

zinc assets. N oranda’s primary aluminum smelter in N ew

M adrid, M O, rolling mills, alumina refinery in Gramercy,

L A, and bauxite operations in Jamaica were to continue to

operate as a wholly owned subsidiary, N oranda Aluminum I nc.

(Falconbridge L imited, 2005).

**Consumption**

According to the combined U nited States and Canada end-use

shipment data for 2005 reported by the Aluminum Association,

shipments of aluminum products to the transportation industry

totaled 3.94 M t. Shipments to the container and packaging

industry, which was the second ranked end-use market, were

2.32 M t. Total shipments, excluding exports, of aluminum

products in 2005 increased slightly compared with those of 2004

(table 6).

The revival of the global aerospace industry led to the

signing of several multiyear supply agreements between aircraft

manufacturers and aluminum companies. Alcoa announced

the signing of a multiyear contract (2005-09) with Chinese

aircraft manufacturer Shanghai Aircraft M anufacturing Factory

to provide aluminum extrusions for the horizontal stabilizer

tail section assembly of the Boeing 737. I n December 2004,

Alcoa had signed a similar supply agreement for 2005 to 2007

with Xian Aircraft of China (Alcoa I nc., 2005c). Alcoa also

signed a long-term agreement, which runs through December

2011, to supply Airbus S.A.S. with high-performance sheet and

plate products for its new A380F cargo and A350 wide body

passenger planes (Alcoa I nc., 2005m). To help meet the increase

in demand for aerospace products, Alcoa announced plans

to increase its global aerospace heat-treated sheet and plate

production capacity by 50%. Expansions were scheduled for the Davenport, I A, mill and mills in I taly, Russia, and the U nited

Kingdom (Alcoa I nc., 2005k).

Kaiser signed a long-term contract with Boeing to supply

heavy-gauge aluminum plate for use in Boeing’s commercial

aircraft products (Kaiser Aluminum Corp., 2005a). Kaiser also

signed a new agreement to supply Airbus with heat-treated

aluminum sheet and plate from 2005 through 2011 (Kaiser

Aluminum Corp., 2005d).

Alcan signed a multiyear agreement to supply Boeing with

a variety of high-performance aluminum products primarily

for Boeing’s 737 and 777 commercial aircrafts. Alcan’s

Ravenswood rolling mill would be the major source of these

materials (Alcan I nc., 2005a). Corus Group plc signed a 5-

year agreement (2007-11) with Airbus to supply 20,000 t/yr of

aluminum plate and sheet for commercial and military aircraft

and helicopters (Corus Group plc, 2005).

I n the automotive sector, Alcoa signed a letter of intent

with Fujikura L td. (Toyota, Japan) in which Alcoa would

obtain complete ownership of Alcoa Fujikura L imited’s (AF L )

automotive business based in Detroit, MI

, and Fujikura would

obtain full ownership of AF L ’s telecommunications businesses

based in N ashville, T N

. Alcoa and Fujikura held 51% and

49%, respectively, of the two AF L business units prior to the

planned change in ownership. According to the companies, the

realignment would allow each of the companies to focus on their

respective core capabilities (Alcoa I nc., 2005d). Alcoa announced

the closure of its Hawesville, KY, automotive casting facility

owing to excess capacity in its automotive castings manufacturing

system. Alcoa expected to continue operating its automotive

casting facilities in Farsund, N orway, and Fruitport, MI (Alcoa,

2005i). Alcoa opened a new manufacturing plant in Salisbury,

N C, to provide wheel and tire assemblies for Freightliner LL C

facilities in N orth Carolina and South Carolina. Freightliner is

the leading heavy-duty truck manufacturer in N orth America

and a leading manufacturer of medium-duty and specialized

commercial vehicles (Alcoa I nc., 2005g).

Bodine Aluminum I nc. (a subsidiary of Toyota M otor

M anufacturing N orth America I nc.) began producing cast

aluminum engine blocks at its new plant in Jackson, T N

. I nitial

capacity of the plant was 1 million engine blocks per year

consuming about 22,700 t/yr (50 million pounds per year) of

aluminum. The blocks would be sent to Toyota’s engine plant

in Georgetown, KY, and then installed in the Camry and Avalon

sedans also manufactured in Kentucky (Toyota M otor Corp., 2005).

I n order to meet the growing demand for specialty beverage

cans, Ball Corporation converted a 12-ounce beverage can

line in its Golden, CO, plant to 24-ounce specialty cans. The

company subsequently announced plans to convert a can

manufacturing line at its plant in M onticello, IN

, to 16-ounce

cans from 12-ounce cans. Ball operated 19 metal beverage can

plants in N orth America, 12 can plants in Europe, 7 owned and

jointly owned packaging plants in China, and 2 joint-venture

beverage can plants in Brazil (Ball Corporation, 2005).

**Stocks**

According to data reported by the Aluminum Association,

the combined U nited States and Canadian producers inventories5.4 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 of aluminum ingot, mill products, and scrap decreased to

1.43 M t at yearend 2005 from 1.47 M t in 2004 (Aluminum

Association I nc., 2006b). The LM E, however, reported that

primary aluminum metal ingot stocks at its U .S. warehouses

increased to 80,100 t at yearend 2005 from 11,900 t at yearend

2004. At yearend 2005, U .S. LM E warehouses also held about

129,000 t of N orth American Special Aluminium Alloy Contract

( N

ASAAC) metal ingot, an increase from the 104,000 t held at

yearend 2004 ( L ondon M etal Exchange L td., 2005).

**Prices**

The monthly average U .S. market price of primary aluminum

metal, as reported by Platts M etals Week, rose dramatically

during the latter half of 2005. The monthly average price began

the year at 89.75 cents per pound, rose to 96.85 cents per pound

by M arch, and then decreased to 83.35 cents per pound in June,

the low average price for the year. I n July, the monthly average

price began to trend upward and in December reached an

average of $1.061 per pound, the first time the monthly average

U .S. market price exceeded $1.00 per pound since January 1989.

The annual average price in 2005 increased to 91.06 cents per

pound, up significantly from 84.01 cents per pound in 2004.

The LM E average monthly cash price for high-grade primary

aluminum ingot and the average monthly spot settlement price

for primary aluminum ingot on the CO M EX division of the N ew

York Commodity Exchange, I nc. followed the same general

trend as the U .S. market price. The 2005 average annual LM E

cash price increased to 86.1 cents per pound from 77.8 cents per

pound in 2004. The CO M EX monthly average spot settlement

price increased from 88.4 cents per pound in January to $1.032

per pound in December and averaged 89.3 cents per pound for

the year.

Purchase prices for aluminum scrap, as quoted by American

M etal M arket, also fluctuated during the first half of the year and

closed at higher levels than those at the beginning of the year.

The 2005 yearend price ranges for selected types of aluminum

scrap were as follows: mixed low-copper-content aluminum

clips, 67.0 to 68.0 cents per pound; old sheet and cast aluminum,

63.0 to 64.0 cents per pound; and clean, dry aluminum turnings,

62.0 to 63.0 cents per pound.

Aluminum producers’ buying price range for processed and

delivered U BCs, as quoted by American M etal M arket, also

closed higher at yearend. The price range began the year at 64.0

to 65.0 cents per pound and closed the year at 74.0 to 76.0 cents

per pound. The annual average American M etal M arket price for

aluminum U BCs increased to 65.4 cents per pound in 2005 from

61.0 cents per pound in 2004.

The yearend indicator prices for selected secondary aluminum

ingots, as published in American M etal M arket, also increased

compared with those at the beginning of the year. The closing

prices for 2005 were as follows: alloy A380 (3% zinc content),

96.4 cents per pound; alloy B380 (1% zinc content), 99.2 cents

per pound; alloy A360 (0.6% copper content), $1.007 per

pound; alloy A413 (0.6% copper content), $1.005 per pound;

and alloy 319, $1.010 per pound. Platts M etals Week published

an annual average U .S. price of 82.7 cents per pound for A380

alloy (3% zinc content). The average annual LM E cash price for a similar A380 alloy was 74.7 cents per pound and the annual

average LM E N ASAAC cash price was 75.4 cents per pound.

**Trade**

Total exports of aluminum materials from the U nited States in

2005 were 30% higher than those of 2004 (table 8). About 80%

of total U .S. exports in 2005 was shipped to Canada, China, and

M exico. M ore than 90% of the shipments to China was in the

form of aluminum scrap.

I mports for consumption also increased compared with those

of the previous year (table 10). Canada remained the major

source country accounting for more than one-half of the total

imports in 2005, and Russia continued to be the second ranked

supplier (table 11).

**World Industry Structure**

World production of primary aluminum metal increased

by 7% in 2005 compared with that of 2004 (table 12). China,

Russia, Canada, and the U nited States, in decreasing order of

metal produced, accounted for more than one-half of total world

production.

U nwrought aluminum inventories held by members of the

I A I increased slightly to 1.80 M t at yearend 2005 from 1.79

M t at yearend 2004. U nwrought aluminum is defined by the

I A I as aluminum in its basic form made from primary metal or

from scrap that is unworked in the metallurgical sense. Total

I A I aluminum inventories increased to 3.19 M t at yearend

2005 from 3.18 M t at yearend 2004. Total aluminum includes

unwrought aluminum plus unprocessed scrap, metal in process,

and finished semifabricated (mill) products ( I nternational

Aluminium I nstitute, 2006).

Yearend 2005 inventories of primary aluminum metal held

by the LM E decreased to 644,000 t from 693,000 t at yearend

2004. Aluminum alloy inventories, however, increased to 52,900

t at yearend 2005 from 40,400 t at yearend 2004, and N ASAAC

ingot inventories increased to 129,000 t at yearend 2005 from

104,000 t at yearend 2004 ( L ondon M etal Exchange L td., 2005).

**World Review**

Argentina. —Aluar Aluminio Argentino S.A. I .C. (Aluar)

announced the start of an expansion project at its primary

aluminum smelter in Puerto M adryn that would increase

capacity at the 275,000-t/yr smelter by 122,500 t/yr. The project

included construction of a new 90,200-t/yr potline, increasing

total capacity at the three existing potlines by 32,300 t/yr,

expansion of the anode facility, and construction of a new billet

casting station. Completion of the project was scheduled for

mid-2007 (Aluar Aluminio Argentino S.A. I .C., 2005§).

Armenia. —R U SA L announced the restart of production

at its AR M E N A L foil plant in Yerevan upon completion of

the first stage of its 18-month modernization program begun

in N ovember 2004. I n 2007, when the technical upgrades are

expected to be completed, the plant will have a 25,000-t/yr

capacity including 18,000 t/yr of thin foil (6 to 8 micrometers

thick) and 7,000 t/yr of kitchen foil (R U SA L

, 2005c).Aluminum—2005 5.5 Bahrain. —Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C. (Alba) commissioned

the world’s longest aluminum reduction line, which was more

than 1 kilometer in length. I n addition to the 336 pots in L ine 5,

the $1.7 billion project included a powerplant, a carbon plant,

and casthouse improvements. The new 307,000-t/yr potline,

which utilized an improved version of AP30 technology,

increased the smelter’s capacity to 830,000 t/yr, making it one

of the world’s largest capacity smelters (Aluminium Bahrain

B.S.C., 2005).

Brazil. —As part of a $1.6 billion investment in its Brazilian

operatons, Alcoa announced plans to modernize its 93,000-

t/yr Pocos de Caldas aluminum smelter. The installation of dry

scrubbers was expected to lower emissions and costs as well as

improve the operating efficiency of the smelter (Alcoa I nc., 2005b).

Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio (CBA) announced a

series of investments in its aluminum and energy operations.

I n addition to expansions at its bauxite mining and refining

operations, CBA announced the completion of an expansion at

its Alumínio (Sorocoba) smelter in Sao Paulo to 400,000 t/yr

and the potential of a further expansion to about 470,000 t/yr

in 2007. CBA also announced investments in three additional

powerplants with the goal of becoming self-sufficient in its

energy requirements (Votorantim Group, 2005§).

Aleris acquired Tomra L atasa Recicigem, a recycling

operation in Sao Paulo, from Tomra Systems ASA of N orway.

Aleris expected the purchase to provide it with greater access

to aluminum scrap and to complement the company’s existing

operations in Brazil (Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005a).

I n 2004, Brazil recycled a record 95.7% of all aluminum

beverage cans sold during the year. Brazil collected and recycled

more than 9 billion aluminum cans, the equivalent of more

than 121,000 t of aluminum, making Brazil the world leader in

aluminum can recycling rates for the fourth consecutive year

among countries that do not have mandatory recycling laws

(Associação Brasiliera do Alumínio, 2005§).

Alcoa’s Brazilian affiliate, Alcoa Aluminio S.A., and Tetra

Pak, Klabin, and TS L Ambiental opened the world’s first aseptic

carton packaging recycling facility located in Piracicaba. The

plant uses plasma technology, which enables the total separation

of the aluminum, paper, and plastic components of the cartons.

Other processes separated the paper but kept the plastic and

aluminum together. The new facility has the capacity to process

8,000 t/yr of plastic and aluminum, which corresponds to

recycling approximately 32,000 t/yr of aseptic packaging (Alcoa

I nc., 2005h).

Cameroon. —Alcan and the Government of Cameroon have

signed a letter of intent for the potential upgrade and expansion

of their joint-venture Alucam smelter and the construction of

a new hydroelectric power station at a total estimated cost of

$900 million. Capacity at the 90,000-t/yr smelter would increase

to 260,000 t/yr through upgrades (20,000 t/yr) to the existing

potline and the construction of a second 150,000-t/yr potline.

Project feasibility would require the construction of the L om

Pangar dam by the Government. I n addition to fulfilling the

project’s electricity requirements, the L om Pangar dam would

contribute to increasing the overall availability of electricity to

Cameroon. A decision on the project was expected by the end of

2006 (Alcan I nc., 2005b). Canada. —The expansion of the Aluminerie Alouette

I nc. aluminum smelter at Sept I les was completed in June,

on budget and 3 months ahead of schedule. Begun in M ay

2003, the project increased capacity to 550,000 t/yr from

245,000 t/yr. Aluminerie Alouette is a consortium made up of

five shareholders—Alcan (40%), Austria M etall AG (20%),

N orsk Hydro ASA (20%), Société Générale de Financement

du Québec (SGF) (13.33%), and M arubeni Corp. (6.67%)

(Aluminerie Alouette I nc., 2005).

Alcan has invested $4.7 million to increase its share of

extrusion billet capacity at the Aluminerie de Bécancour I nc.

(AB I ) smelter of which it holds a 25.05% ownership. Alcoa

holds the remainder of the plant. The addition of a continuous

homogenization furnace and ancillary casting equipment

would increase billet production capacity to 234,000 t/yr from

120,000 t/yr, and Alcan’s share would increase to 63,000 t/yr

from 34,000 t/yr. The increased capacity was expected to come

onstream in 2007 (Alcan I nc., 2005f).

I n July, Alcan and members of the Canadian Auto Workers

L ocal 2301 ratified a new 3-year labor agreement covering

workers at the Kitimat, British Columbia, smelter (Alcan I nc.,

2005c).

China. —Shanghai Sigma M etals I nc. announced plans to

increase production at its new secondary aluminum smelter

by the end of 2006 to 300,000 t/yr from about 140,000 t/yr in

2005. Shanghai Sigma’s goal was to increase ingot production

by another 120,000 t/yr in a second stage expansion by 2010

(Foster, 2005).

France. —Alcan began discussions with workers as part of

the planned progressive closure of its 50,000-t/yr L annemezan

smelter. The closure process was expected to begin by June

2006 and would be completed during 2008, depending on

economic and operational conditions (Alcan I nc., 2005j).

Germany. —As part of a restructuring of its primary

aluminum plants owing to increased power costs, N orsk Hydro

announced the closure of its 130,000-t/yr smelter and carbon

plant at Hamburger Aluminium Werk GmbH (HAW) by yearend

and the permanent closure of its 70,000-t/yr smelter in Stade

by the end of 2006. N orsk Hydro planned to keep the HAW

casthouse operating to supply the nearby rolling mill ( N orsk

Hydro ASA, 2005).

VAW- I mco Guss und Recycling GmbH (a subsidiary of

Aleris) opened its newest secondary aluminum smelter having

an initial capacity of 60,000 t/yr. The facility in Stuttgart could

be expanded to 120,000 t/yr if needed ( M ason, 2005).

Ghana. —Alcoa and the Government of Ghana finalized an

agreement to restart Volta Aluminium Co.’s (Valco) 200,000-t/yr

aluminum smelter in Tema. The smelter has beed closed since

April 2003. Plans were underway to restart three of the five

potlines at Valco representing 120,000 t/yr of capacity. Alcoa

and the Government continued discussions on the development

of an integrated aluminum industry in Ghana that included

bauxite mining, alumina refining, aluminum production, and rail

transportation infrastructure upgrades (Alcoa I nc., 2005e).

Hungary. —Alcoa announced an $83 million modernization

project at Alcoa-Kofem L td. The modernization includes the

expansion of flat-rolled mill products capability and related

infrastructure, the addition of Dura-Bright ® aluminum wheel5.6 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 production, and a new manufacturing operation for airfoil

castings (Alcoa I nc., 2005a).

Iceland. —Century announced that its subsidiary, N ordural

ehf, had obtained sufficient electricity to accelerate the

expansion of its primary aluminum smelter to 220,000 t/yr by

mid-to-late 2006 rather than the 2007 timeframe that had been

announced previously (Century Aluminum Co., 2005b).

Century also announced that N ordural had signed an

agreement with a major I celandic geothermal power producer,

Hitaveita Sudurnesja hf., and the municipality of Reykjanesbaer

to explore the feasibility of constructing a new aluminum

smelter in Helguvik or at a mutually agreeable site. I f the

project goes forward, startup would be targeted for 2010 to 2015

(Century Aluminum Co., 2005c).

India. —Vedanta Resources plc approved a $2.1 billion

aluminum project in Jharsuguda, Orissa. The project included

a 500,000-t/yr primary aluminum smelter and a captive

powerplant. The smelter would be built in two phases of

250,000 t/yr each. Construction was expected to begin in 2006

with completion of phase 1 expected by mid-2009, and phase

2, by yearend 2010. Alumina for the smelter would be provided

by Vedanta’s 1- M t/yr greenfield refinery in Orissa, which

was scheduled to be commissioned in 2007 (American M etal

M arket, 2005).

I n addition to the Vedanta project, several other projects were

under discussion. Hindalco I ndustries L td. reported the signing

of an M O U with the State government of Orissa for an integrated

aluminum project that included a 260,000-t/yr smelter, a 1- M t/yr

alumina refinery, a captive powerplant, and bauxite mines with a

capacity of 3 M t/yr ( M etal Bulletin, 2005b). Jindal South West

Holdings L td. (a subsidiary of the steel conglomerate O.P. Jindal

Group) announced plans to invest in a new aluminum complex

in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The plans included a 1.5- M t/yr

alumina refinery, a 250,000-t/yr smelter, and a powerplant. The

State mining company, Andhra Pradesh M ineral Development

Corp., was expected to provide bauxite for the project ( M etal

Bulletin, 2005c). Dubai Aluminum Company L td. (Dubal) and

L arsen & Toubro L td. signed a $3.6 billion agreement for the

development of an integrated aluminum complex in Orissa. The

first phase included a bauxite mine and a 1.5- M t/yr alumina

refinery. Phase 2 would double the size of the refinery and add an

aluminum smelter (CR U Alumina M onitor, 2005a).

Iran. —Announced expansions at the country’s two aluminum

smelters and an announced agreement to build a greenfield plant in

the southern portion of the country would increaseI ran’s smelter

capacity to 780,000 t/yr from 230,000 t/yr. I ranian Aluminium Co.

( I ralco) planned to expand its smelter in Arak to 180,000 t/yr from

120,000 t/yr. Almahdi Aluminium Corp. announced a two-phase

expansion of its 110,000-t/yr smelter in Bandar Abbas. Each phase

would add 110,000 t/yr of capacity increasing the smelter’s capacity

to 330,000 t/yr by 2009 ( M etal Bulletin, 2005d). China’s Citic

Group and a subsidiary of Aluminium Corp. of China (Chalco)

were awarded a $900 million contract to build the first phase of a

smelter for I ran’s South Aluminium Corp. in Tehran. Phase one

included a 270,000-t/yr smelter, a 150,000-t/yr anode plant, and

port facilities ( M etal Bulletin, 2005a).

Japan. —Two of Japan’s leading producers of aluminum cans

have merged. The new venture would be owned by M itsubishi M aterials Corp. (80%), Japan’s leading maker of aluminum

cans with a production capacity of 3.7 billion cans per year,

and Hokkai Can Co. L td. (20%), which produces about 1.3

billion aluminum cans per year, 1.4 billion steel cans per year,

and 1 billion polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles per year

( M cCulloch, 2005).

Kazakhstan. —The joint-venture agreement signed in 2004

between R U SA L and Eurasian Financial- I ndustrial Co. was

suspended. The original agreement included the construction

of a 1.5- M t/yr alumina refinery and a 500,000-t/yr aluminum

smelter in northern Kazakhstan (Kassakovich, 2005).

Norway.

— I n January, Orkla ASA increased its holdings in

Elkem ASA to 50.03% and subsequently launched a program to

purchase all of the remaining shares in the company. I n M arch,

Alcoa announced the sale of its 46.5% stake in Elkem to Orkla

for $870 million. Alcoa’s 50% interest in the M osjoen and L ista

aluminum smelters (co-owned with Elkem) was not included in

the sale (Alcoa I nc., 2005n).

To meet new emission standards, N orsk Hydro announced

plans to close the 22,000-t/yr Soderberg potline at its 77,000-t/yr

Hoyanger smelter and the 48,000-t/yr Soderberg potline at its

220,000-t/yr Ardal smelter. The closures were expected to be

completed by yearend 2006 ( N orsk Hydro ASA, 2005).

N orsk Hydro announced plans to expand the casthouse

capacity at its Sunndal smelter. The company planned to build

a new 80,000-t/yr casting center for foundry alloys to help

meet the increased demand from the automotive industry. The

Sunndal casthouse also produced extrusion ingots (Platts M etals

Week, 2005c).

Oman. —Alcan announced that it would construct a $1.7

billion primary aluminum smelter in Sohar with partners Oman

Oil Company S.A.O.C. and the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity

Authority. Alcan would take a 20% stake in the 350,000-t/yr

smelter, which was expected to begin production in the third

quarter of 2008. The smelter’s initial capacity would be from a

single AP35 potline, but with provisions for a second potline,

of which Alcan would be eligible to acquire up to 60% of

production. I n addition to casting and carbon facilities, a gasfired powerplant would also be constructed to give the smelter a

long-term dedicated power supply sufficient to meet its energy

requirements (Alcan I nc., 2005e).

Romania. —S.C. Alro S. A. announced plans to increase

capacity at its 240,000-t/yr smelter in Slatina to 420,000 t/yr by

2008. The company also planned to increase capacity to 120,000

t/yr from 45,000 t/yr during the same timeframe to make valueadded products at its subsidiary, Alprom S.A., which produced

aluminum alloys, cast products, and rolled products ( M arco

Group GmbH, 2005§).

Russia. —R U SA L invested $250 million in the construction

of the Khakass aluminum smelter. The 300,000-t/yr plant was

expected to produce its first metal by yearend 2006 (R U SA L

, 2006).

A L STO M signed a contract with R U SA L to supply 12 dry gas

scrubbing units to R U SA L’s 865,000-t/yr Krasnoyarsk smelter.

The new scrubbers, which would capture hydrogen fluoride

and dust emissions, were part of an extensive modernization

program at the smelter that would increase capacity by about

55,000 t/yr (R U SA L

, 2005d). At yearend, five of the scrubbersAluminum—2005 5.7 and eight automated alumina feeders had been installed at the

smelter (R U SA L

, 2006).

RAO U nified Energy Systems and R U SA L signed a basic

conditions of partnership agreement covering the construction of

the Boguchanskaya hydropower plant and a greenfield 600,000-

t/yr primary aluminum smelter in the Krasnoyarsk region.

Preliminary estimates put the total cost of the project at more

than $4 billion. The feasibility study for the aluminum smelter

was expected to be completed in 2006, and the entire project

could take 7 years to complete (R U SA L

, 2005b).

Alcan announced plans to invest $55 million to construct new

packaging plants in M oscow and St. Petersburg. The M oscow

facility would focus on flexible packaging for the confectionary

and dairy markets, and the St. Petersburg facility would be

dedicated to producing packaging for the tobacco industry

(Alcan I nc., 2005m). Ground was broken at the St. Petersburg

site in December, and production was expected to begin by

yearend 2006 (Alcan I nc., 2005d).

Serbia and Montenegro. —Salamon Enterprises (a subsidiary

of R U SA L ) purchased a 65.4% stake in Kombinat Aluminijuma

Podgorica, which operated a 125,000-t/yr aluminum smelter and

a 280,000-t/yr alumina refinery in Podgorica (CR U Alumina

M onitor, 2005b).

Slovakia. —Alcan announced plans to invest $35 million in a

new aluminum extrusion plant in Slovakia to produce profiles

for the building and construction sectors in Eastern Europe. The

facility would have two aluminum extrusion press lines. Pending

final approval from local authorities, production was expected to

start in early 2007 (Alcan I nc., 2005l).

Tajikistan. —R U SA L and the M inistry of Energy selected

L ahmeyer I nternational of Germany to produce a bankable

feasibility study for completion of the Rogunskaya hydroelectric

project in Dushanbe. Construction of the powerplant was part

of an October 2004 agreement between R U SA L and the Tajik

Government on cooperation in the energy and the aluminum

industries. I nitial construction of the hydropower plant in

Dushanbe began in 1976 but was subsequently suspended. The

new target date for completion was 2010 (R U SA L

, 2005a).

United Arab Emirates.

— I n Dubai, Dubal fully commissioned

the recent expansion of potline 7, which increased capacity at its

primary aluminum smelter to 761,000 t/yr of aluminum metal.

S N C- L avalin Group I nc. was awarded a $284 million contract

for the expansion of two existing potlines that would increase

capacity at the smelter an additional 100,000 t/yr by the end of

2006 (Platts M etals Week, 2005b).

United Kingdom.

— N ovelis I nc. completed a $2.5 million

infrastructure investment at its Warrington recycling plant that

increased the plant’s aluminum U BC recycling capacity by 25%.

The facility recycled 6 billion U BCs during the first 9 months of

2005, establishing a new plant recycling record. N ovelis, which

was spun off by Alcan in January, is a global leader in aluminum

rolled products and aluminum can recycling with 36 operating

facilities in 11 countries ( N ovelis I nc., 2005).

**Outlook**

World demand for aluminum was expected to increase during

the next few years but at a slightly slower pace than that of the past year or two. Demand from China was expected to continue

to be the major driving force behind this increase. Although

growth in the transportation and construction industries may

slow somewhat, these industries will continue to dominate the

aluminum market. Energy costs have always been an important

factor in determining the location of primary aluminum

smelters. This is especially true in this era of high energy costs

and, in some areas, limited energy supply. N ew smelters are

being built near inexpensive or renewable sources of energy.

Recently completed and announced expansions are expected to

be adequate to meet future world demand.

**References Cited**

Alcan I nc., 2005a, Alcan and Boeing enter new long-term aluminum supply

agreement: Ravenswood, WV, Alcan I nc. press release, October 31, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005b, Alcan and Cameroon government sign letter of intent for

potential further development of joint-venture: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada,

Alcan I nc. press release, October 26, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005c, Alcan and Canadian auto workers local 2301 sign new three

year labour agreement in Kitimat: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada, Alcan I nc.

press release, July 27, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005d, Alcan celebrates groundbreaking of its U Sdollar 30 million

St. Petersburg packaging plant: St. Petersburg, Russia, Alcan I nc. press

release, December 14, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005e, Alcan gives green light to U S$1.7 billion aluminum smelter

in Sohar, Oman: M uscat, Oman, Alcan I nc. press release, December 12, 2 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005f, Alcan invests U S$4.7 million to increase extrusion billet

capacity at AB I joint venture: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada, Alcan I nc. press

release, September 21, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005g, Alcan invests U S$27 million to increase plate capacity at

Ravenswood aluminum rolling mill: Ravenswood, WV, Alcan I nc. press

release, December 13, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005h, Alcan pleased with new five year contract at Ravenswood

plant: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada, Alcan I nc. press release, September 6, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005i, Alcan signs M O U for long-term extension and restructuring

of Sebree smelter electricity contracts: Henderson, KY, Alcan I nc. press

release, December 6, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005j, Alcan to begin progressive closure process of L annemezan

aluminum smelter in June 2006: Paris, France, Alcan I nc. press release,

October 13, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005k, Alcan to close its aluminum cast plate plant in Vernon,

California: Vernon, CA, Alcan I nc. press release, N ovember 29, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005l, Alcan to invest U S$35 million in new Slovakian aluminum

extrusion plant: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada, Alcan I nc. press release,

September 28, 1 p.

Alcan I nc., 2005m, Alcan to invest U S$55 million in growing Russian

packaging market: M ontreal, Quebec, Canada, Alcan I nc. press release,

January 11, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005a, Alcoa announces U S$83 million (Euro 70 million)

modernization project in Hungary: N ew York, N Y, and Szekesfehervar,

Hungary, Alcoa I nc. press release, N ovember 14, 2 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005b, Alcoa approves investments in Brazil that will total $1.6

billion; to expand world-class upstream operations in Brazil: N ew York, N Y,

Alcoa I nc. press release, September 23, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005c, Alcoa expands supplier relationship with Shanghai Aircraft

of China: Pittsburgh, PA, and Shanghai, China, Alcoa I nc. press release,

M arch 2, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005d, Alcoa, Fujikura sign letter of intent—Alcoa to own AF L

auto; Fujikura to own AF L telecommunications: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc.

press release, January 4, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005e, Alcoa, government of the Republic of Ghana agree to re-start

Valco smelter: N ew York, N Y, and Accra, Ghana, Alcoa I nc. press release,

August 4, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005f, Alcoa investing $375 million for Warrick, IN facilities:

N ewburgh, IN

, Alcoa I nc. press release, July 22, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005g, Alcoa opens new facility in N orth Carolina; $6 million

investment adds 75 jobs and expands local tax base: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa

I nc. press release, April 14, 1 p.5.8 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 Alcoa I nc., 2005h, Alcoa participates in the world’s first carton packaging

recycling plant using innovative plasma technology—The plasma process

separates aluminum and plastic, components of the aseptic package:

Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc. press release, M ay 13, 2 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005i, Alcoa to close Hawesville, KY automotive casting facility:

Hawesville, KY, Alcoa I nc. press release, M ay 19, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005j, Alcoa to curtail Eastalco smelter on December 19 because

of high power costs; company will continue to explore competitively-priced,

long-term power: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc. press release, N ovember 23, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005k, Alcoa to expand aerospace sheet/plate production by 50% to

capture growth opportunities: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc. press release, June

7, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005l, Alcoa to invest $45 million to supply coal to power Warrick,

IN smelter: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc. press release, M ay 18, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005m, Alcoa to supply Airbus A380F and Airbus A350 with

high-performance sheet and plastic metallics: Paris, France, Alcoa I nc. press

release, June 15, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005n, Alcoa to tender its Elkem shares for significant gain;

company to take 1st quarter 2005 restructuring charges: N ew York, N Y,

Alcoa I nc. press release, M arch 22, 1 p.

Alcoa I nc., 2005o, Alcoa, TX U sign L O I on power station for Rockdale smelter:

Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa I nc. press release, N ovember 7, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005a, Aleris announces acquisition of Tomra Brazilian

recycling operation: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc. news release,

August 31, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005b, Aleris announces completion of A L SCO M etals

acquisition: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc. news release, October

3, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005c, Aleris announces completion of Alumitech,

I nc. acquisition: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc. news release,

December 12, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005d, Aleris announces completion of asset purchase:

Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc. news release, December 21, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005e, Aleris announces the closing of its Carson,

California facility: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc. news release,

N ovember 3, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005f, Aleris I nternational I nc. announces agreement to

purchase A L SCO M etals Corporation: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational

I nc. news release, September 7, 1 p.

Aleris I nternational I nc., 2005g, Aleris I nternational I nc. to purchase selected

assets from Ormet Corporation: Beachwood, OH, Aleris I nternational I nc.

news release, N ovember 7, 1 p.

Aluminerie Alouette I nc., 2005, Alouette celebrates world-class success in Sept

I les and becomes number one aluminum smelter in the Americas: Sept I les,

Quebec, Canada, Alouette Aluminerie I nc. press release, September 20, 2 p.

Aluminum Association I nc., 2006a, Aluminum can recycling rate rises again:

Washington, DC, Aluminum Association I nc. press release, M ay 16, 4 p.

Aluminum Association I nc., 2006b, The aluminum situation: Washington, DC,

Aluminum Association I nc., February, 5 p.

Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 2005, Alba board praise historic achievement:

M anama, Bahrain, Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C. press release, M ay 25, 1 p.

American M etal M arket, 2005, Vedanta OKs $2.1b I ndian aluminum smelter:

American M etal M arket, v. 113, no. 50-1, December 19, p. 7.

Ball Corporation, 2005, Ball Corporation to convert line to meet growing

demand from specialty cans; board declare dividend: Broomfield, CO, Ball

Corp. press release, July 27, 1 p.

Century Aluminum Co., 2005a, Century Aluminum Company signs

memorandum of understanding to extend Kentucky power contract:

M onterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. news release, December 6, 1 p.

Century Aluminum Co., 2005b, Century Aluminum subsidiary accelerates

I celandic expansion: M onterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. news release,

N ovember 21, 1 p.

Century Aluminum Co., 2005c, Century Aluminum subsidiary, power company

to undertake joint study for new I celand smelter: M onterey, CA, Century

Aluminum Co. news release, M ay 16, p. 1.

Century Aluminum Co., 2005d, Century subsidiary signs power agreement for

Ravenswood plant: M onterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. news release,

February 23, 1 p.

Corus Group plc, 2005, Corus wins significant Airbus contract for aluminium:

L ondon, U nited Kingdom, Corus Group plc press release, June 13, 1 p.

CR U Alumina M onitor, 2005a, Capacity/expansions: CR U Alumina M onitor,

September, p. 6. CR U Alumina M onitor, 2005b, Company news: CR U Alumina M onitor,

December, p. 7.

Falconbridge L imited, 2005, N oranda and Falconbridge complete amalgamation:

Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Falconbridge L imited news release, June 30, 3 p.

Foster, Kevin, 2005, Shanghai Sigma poised to double aluminum ingot output by

end-’06: American M etal M arket, v. 113, no. 45-2, N ovember 15, p. 7.

I ndalex Aluminum Solutions Group, 2005, Sun Capital Partners, I nc. has

reached a definitive agreement to acquire I ndalex Aluminum Solutions

Group from Honeywell, I nc. for a total transaction value of U S $425

million: L incolnshire, IL

, I ndalex Aluminum Solutions Group news release,

September 19, 1 p.

I ndalex Aluminum Solutions Group, 2006, An affiliate of Sun Capital Partners,

I nc. acquires I ndalex Aluminum Solutions Group and its subsidiaries: Boca

Raton, F L

, I ndalex Aluminum Solutions Group news release, February 3, 1 p.

I nternational Aluminium I nstitute, 2006, Aluminium inventories: L ondon,

U nited Kingdom, I nternational Aluminium I nstitute form 351, M arch 27, 3 p.

JW Aluminum Co., 2005, 2005 capacity announcement: M ount Holly, SC, JW

Aluminum Co. press release, April 7, 1 p.

Kaiser Aluminum Corp., 2005a, Kaiser Aluminum and Boeing reach long-term

agreement to supply heavy gauge aluminum plate for commercial aircraft:

Foothill Ranch, CA, Kaiser Aluminum Corp. news release, December 19, 1 p.

Kaiser Aluminum Corp., 2005b, Kaiser Aluminum and U nited Steelworkers

announce ratification of new five-year labor agreements: Foothill Ranch, CA,

Kaiser Aluminum Corp. news release, June 14, 1 p.

Kaiser Aluminum Corp., 2005c, Kaiser Aluminum announces major expansion

at Trentwood, Wash., facility responding to growing industry demand:

Foothill Ranch, CA, Kaiser Aluminum Corp. news release, October 31, 1 p.

Kaiser Aluminum Corp., 2005d, Kaiser Aluminum signs multi-year supply

agreement with Airbus: Foothill Ranch, CA, Kaiser Aluminum Corp. news

release, June 6, 1 p.

Kassakovich, N atalia, 2005, Kazakh rift casts R U SA L plan to be number one

into doubt: M etal Bulletin, no. 8915, October 17, p. 12.

L ondon M etal Exchange L td., 2005, Aluminium stocks: L ondon, U nited

Kingdom, L ondon M etal Exchange L td., December 30, 3 p.

M ason, Josephine, 2005, VAW- I mco preparing to start up new German aluminum

smelter: American M etal M arket, v. 113, no. 47-3, December 1, p. 9.

M cCulloch, Russ, 2005, M itsubishi and Hokkai to merge al can businesses:

M etal Bulletin, no. 8882, February 28, p. 14.

M etal Bulletin, 2005a, Chinese companies to build aluminium smelter in Tehran:

M etal Bulletin, no. 8923, December 12, p. 12.

M etal Bulletin, 2005b, Hindalco to invest $2.52bn in revived Al project: M etal

Bulletin, no. 8889, April 18, p. 12.

M etal Bulletin, 2005c, I ndia’s Jindal group to diversify with 250,000 tpy smelter

plan: M etal Bulletin, no. 8901, July 11, p. 10.

M etal Bulletin, 2005d, I ran to treble aluminium production to 720,000 tpy by

2009: M etal Bulletin, no. 8907, August 22, p. 10.

N orsk Hydro ASA, 2005, Hydro to restructure aluminium plants facing

increasing power costs: Oslo, N orway, N orsk Hydro ASA press release, June

16, 2 p.

N ovelis I nc., 2005, N ovelis invests 1.4 million pounds sterling at U K plant to

increase recycling of aluminum beverage cans: Atlanta, GA, N ovelis I nc.

news release, October 10, 1 p.

Ormet Corp., 2005, Ormet curtails last two potlines, will continue to meet

customer orders with purchased aluminum: Wheeling, WV, Ormet Corp.

press release, January 18, 1 p.

Platts M etals Week, 2005a, Arkansas Aluminum to fire up furnace: Platts M etals

Week, v. 76, no. 45, N ovember 7, p. 9.

Platts M etals Week, 2005b, Dubai to produce 850,000 mt in 2006: Platts M etals

Week, v. 76, no. 40, October 3, p. 9.

Platts M etals Week, 2005c, Hydro to add alloys cast house at Sunndal: Platts

M etals Week, v. 76, no. 30, July 25, p. 1, 3.

R

U SA L

, 2005a, R U SA L and Tajikistan sign engineering firm for feasibility on

revived power project: M oscow, Russia, R U SA L press release, February 1,

1 p.

R

U SA L

, 2005b, R U SA L and U ES agree on basic conditions of the aluminium

smelter construction and the completion of Boguchanskaya HPP: M oscow,

Russia, R U SA L press release, December 16, 1 p.

R

U SA L

, 2005c, R U SA L’s AR M E N A L begins production following first stage of

modernization: M oscow, Russia, R U SA L press release, December 3, 1 p.

R

U SA L

, 2005d, R U SA L to install 12 A L STO M dry gas scrubbers at

Krasnoyarsk smelter: M oscow, Russia, R U SA L press release, February 28,

1 p.Aluminum—2005 5.9 R

U SA L

, 2006, R U SA L announces 2005 results: M oscow, Russia, R U SA L press

release, February 1, 4 p.

Schaffer, Paul, 2005a, Jupiter Aluminum spending $40 M to boost capacity 45%:

American M etal M arket, v. 113, no. 6-4, February 17, p. 7.

Schaffer, Paul, 2005b, Wabash to idle Cleveland, shift to HQ site: American

M etal M arket, v. 113, no. 39-1, October 3, p. 1, 4.

Toyota M otor Corp., 2005, Bodine Aluminum begins production in Tennessee:

Jackson, T N

, Toyota M otor Corp. news release, N ovember 9, 1 p.

**Internet References Cited**

Aluar Aluminio Argentino S.A. I .C., 2005 ( M ay), Expansion project of the

smelter in Puerto M adryn, accessed April 12, 2006, at U R L

http://www.aluar.com.ar/us/novedad.asp?id_contenido+152.

Associação Brasileira do Alumínio, 2005 (July), Brazil keeps the world leading

position in recycling, accessed M ay 1, 2006, at U R L http://www.abal.org.br/

english/noticias/lista_noticia.asp?id=10&canal=6.

Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, 2005 ( M arch 3), N ew

molten aluminum production plant to locate in Bourbon County, accessed

July 18, 2006, at http://www.kentucky.gov/ N ewsroom/thinkkentucky/

KY+Smelting+Technology.htm.

M arco Group GmbH, 2005 (September 26), Alro plans to lift aluminium

capacity to 420,000 tpy by 2008, accessed M ay 10, 2006, via U R L

http://www.marcogroup.ch/csp/RO/ca.csp.

Ohio Valley Aluminum Co., 2005 ( M ay 20), OVACO acquires profile extrusions

Boonville casting facility, accessed July 17, 2006, at U R L

http://www.ovaco.com/BoonvillePR.doc.

Votorantim Group, 2005 (April 6), On its 50th anniversary CBA celebrates with

new investments, accessed M ay 2, 2006, at U R L http://www.votorantim.com.br/E NU /Sala_de_imprensa/release_e_noticias/

N oticia_Projeto+Viver+Ganha+Prêmio.htm.

**GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION**

**U.S. Geological Survey Publications**

Aluminum. Ch. in M ineral Commodity Summaries, annual.

Aluminum. M ineral I ndustry Surveys, monthly.

Aluminum and Bauxite. Ch. in U nited States M ineral

Resources, Professional Paper 820, 1973.

Bauxite and Alumina. Ch. in M ineral Commodity Summaries,

annual.

Primary Aluminum Plants Worldwide, 1998.

U .S. Trade in Bauxite and Alumina. M ineral I ndustry Surveys,

quarterly.

World Bauxite Resources. Professional Paper 1076-B, 1986.

**Other**

Aluminum. Ch. in M ineral Facts and Problems, U .S. Bureau of

M ines Bulletin 675, 1985.

Aluminum Statistical Review. Aluminum Association I nc.,

annual.

TABLE 1

SALIENT ALUMINUM STATISTICS 1

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

United States:

Primary production:

Quantity thousand metric tons 2,637 2,707 2,703 2,516 2,481

Value millions $4,000 $3,870 $4,060 $4,660 $4,980

Price, average, U.S. market, spot cents per pound 68.8 64.9 68.1 84.0 91.0

Inventories (December 31):

Aluminum industr y 2 thousand metric tons 1,300 1,320 1,400 1,470 1,430

LME stocks in U.S. warehouses 3 do. 28 45 207 116 209

Secondar y recover y : 4

New scrap do. 1,760 1,750 1,750 1,870 1,930

Old scrap do. 1,210 1,170 1,070 1,160 1,060

Total do. 2,970 2,930 2,820 3,030 2,990

Exports, crude and semicrude do. 1,590 1,590 1,540 1,820 2,370

Imports for consumption, crude and semicrude do. 3,740 4,060 4,130 4,720 5,330

Su l y t 5 pp , a pp aren do. 7,990 8,070 7,880 8,460 8,390

Consum p t 6 tion, a pp aren do. 6,230 6,320 6,130 6,590 6,460

World, production do. 24,300 26,100 28,000 r 29,900 r 31,900 e

e Estimated. r Revised.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits except "Primary production."

2 Data from the Aluminum Association Inc.; includes ingot, semifabricated material, and scrap. Beginning in 2003, data series revised

to include inventory levels for both United States and Canadian producers.

3 Includes aluminum alloyed material.

4 Metallic recovery from purchased, tolled, or imported new and old scrap expanded for full industry coverage.

5 Defined as domestic primary metal production plus secondary recovery plus imports minus exports plus adjustments for Government

and industry stock changes.

6 Apparent supply less recovery from purchased new scrap.5.10 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 TABLE 2

PRIMARY ANNUAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN THE UNITED STATES, BY COMPANY 1

Yearend capacity

(thousand metric tons)

Company and location 2004 2005 2005 ownership

Alcan Aluminum Corp., Sebree, KY 196 196 Alcan Inc., 100%.

Alcoa Inc.:

Alcoa, TN 215 215 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

Badin, NC 120 120 Do.

Evansville, IN (Warrick) 309 309 Do.

Ferndale, WA (Intalco) 278 278 Alcoa Inc., 61%; Mitsui & Co. Ltd., 39%.

Frederick, MD (Eastalco) 195 195 Do.

Massena, NY (St. Lawrence) 125 125 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

Massena, NY 130 130 Do.

Mount Holly, SC 224 224 Alcoa Inc., 50.3%; Century Aluminum Co., 49.7%.

Rockdale, TX 267 267 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

Wenatchee, WA 184 184 Do.

Total 2,050 2,050

Century Aluminum Co.:

Hawesville, KY 244 244 Century Aluminum Co., 100%.

Ravenswood, WV 170 170 Do.

Total 414 414

Columbia Falls Aluminum Co., Columbia Falls, MT 168 168 Glencore International AG, 100%.

Goldendale Aluminum Co., Goldendale, WA 160 160 Private interest, 60%; employees, 40%.

Noranda Aluminum Inc., New Madrid, MO 250 250 Falconbridge Ltd., 100%.

Northwest Aluminum Corp., The Dalles, OR 82 82 Private interest, 100%.

Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp., Hannibal, OH 265 265 Ormet Corp., 100%.

Vanalco Inc., Vancouver, WA 116 116 Glencore International AG, 100%.

Grand total 3,700 3,700

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

TABLE 3

U.S. CONSUMPTION OF AND RECOVERY FROM PURCHASED

NEW AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP, BY CLASS 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Calculated recovery

Class Consumption Aluminu m Metallic

2004:

Secondary smelters 1,630,000 1,130,000 1,210,000

Integrated aluminum companies 754,000 628,000 668,000

Independent mill fabricators 904,000 790,000 844,000

Foundries 91,600 76,200 81,400

Other consumers 8,210 7,340 7,360

Total 3,390,000 2,630,000 2,810,000

Estimated full industry coverage 3,650,000 2,830,000 3,030,000

2005:

Secondary smelters 1,550,000 1,110,000 1,190,000

Integrated aluminum companies 815,000 681,000 725,000

Independent mill fabricators 842,000 739,000 789,000

Foundries 82,000 67,700 72,300

Other consumers 8,640 7,810 7,830

Total 3,300,000 2,610,000 2,780,000

Estimated full industry coverage 3,540,000 2,800,000 2,990,000

1 Excludes recovery from other than aluminum-base scrap.

2 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to

totals shown.Aluminum—2005 5.11 TABLE 4

U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP

AND SWEATED PIG IN 2005 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks,

Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 recei p ts 3 Consumption December 31

Secondary smelters:

New scrap:

Extrusions 14,000 282,000 288,000 8,280

Can stock clippings 1,960 73,000 74,700 163

Other wrought sheet and clippings 948 175,000 175,000 1,410

Casting 1,270 76,000 75,600 1,740

Borings and turnings 3,480 158,000 154,000 7,220

Dross and skimmings 4,940 372,000 372,000 4,000

Total 26,600 1,140,000 1,140,000 22,800

Old scrap:

Castings 4,000 188,000 187,000 4,950

Extrusion 73 17,400 17,400 80

Aluminum cans 4 386 44,700 44,900 139

Other wrought products 1,690 19,500 21,100 98

Auto shredder scrap 2,420 130,000 129,000 3,760

Total 8,570 400,000 399,000 9,030

Sweated pig 289 9,390 9,490 198

Grand total, secondary smelters 35,400 1,540,000 1,550,000 32,000

Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill

fabricators, other consumers:

New scrap:

Extrusion 6,810 604,000 597,000 13,500

Can stock clippings 2,780 237,000 239,000 916

Other wrought sheet and clippings 3,980 103,000 104,000 3,120

Casting 240 27,300 27,300 240

Borings and turnings 361 16,600 16,600 361

Dross and skimmings 250 7,540 7,620 168

Total 14,400 996,000 992,000 18,300

Old scrap:

Castings 1,630 25,900 26,600 889

Extrusion

-- 3,640 3,590 55

Aluminum cans 4 4,180 653,000 657,000 444

Other wrought products 2,400 68,000 68,000 2,400

Auto shredder scrap 24 648 620 52

Total 8,230 751,000 755,000 3,840

Sweated pig 15 595 609 1

Grand total, integrated aluminum companies, etc. 22,700 1,750,000 1,750,000 22,200

All scrap consumed:

New scrap:

Extrusion 20,800 886,000 885,000 21,800

Can stock clippings 4,740 310,000 314,000 1,080

Other wrought sheet and clippings 4,930 278,000 278,000 4,540

Casting 1,510 103,000 103,000 1,980

Borings and turnings 3,840 175,000 171,000 7,580

Dross and skimmings 5,190 379,000 380,000 4,160

Total 41,000 2,130,000 2,130,000 41,200

See footnotes at end of table.5.12 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 TABLE 4—Continued

U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP

AND SWEATED PIG IN 2005 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks,

Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 recei p ts 3 Consumption December 31

All scrap consumed—Continued:

Old scrap:

Castings 5,630 214,000 214,000 5,840

Extrusion 73 21,100 21,000 135

Aluminum cans 4,560 697,000 701,000 583

Other wrought products 4,090 87,500 89,100 2,490

Auto shredder scrap 2,450 131,000 129,000 3,810

Total 16,800 1,150,000 1,150,000 12,900

Sweated pig 304 9,990 10,100 198

Grand total, all scrap consumed 58,100 3,290,000 3,300,000 54,200

-- Zero.

1 Includes imported scrap. According to reporting companies, 12.5% of total receipts of aluminum-base scrap, or 416,000

metric tons, was received on toll arrangements.

2 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

3 Includes inventory adjustment.

4 Used beverage cans toll treated for primary producers are included in secondary smelter tabulation.

TABLE 5

PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS

IN THE UNITED STATES 1

(Metric tons)

2004 2005

Net Net

Production shi p ments 2 Production shi p ments 2

Diecast alloys:

13% Si, 360, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 18,400 18,700 20,300 17,500

380 and variations 270,000 270,000 199,000 199,000

Sand and permanent mold:

95/5 Al-Si, 356, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 49,200 49,700 19,400 19,400

No. 12 and variations

-- 15 1,670 1,650

No. 319 and variations 123,000 124,000 74,000 73,900

F-132 alloy and variations 26,000 26,400 22,600 22,500

Al-Mg alloys 1,490 1,300 19,400 19,700

Al-Zn alloys 2,020 2,110 2,370 2,210

Al-Si alloys (0.6% to 2.0% Cu) 551 551 291 289

Al-Cu alloys (1.5% Si, maximum) 3,910 3,910 5,180 4,940

Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloys

-- 1 483 480

Other 236 257 6,850 6,820

Wrought alloys, extrusion billets 290,000 288,000 301,000 267,000

Miscellaneous:

Steel deoxidation 24,600 25,000 18,100 18,100

Pure (97.0% Al) W W W W

Aluminum-base hardeners W W W W

Othe r 3 53,600 52,300 48,200 49,600

Total 863,000 862,000 739,000 704,000

See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 5—Continued

PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS

IN THE UNITED STATES 1

(Metric tons)

2004 2005

Net Net

Production shi p ments 2 Production shi p ments 2

Less consumption of materials other than scrap:

Primary aluminum 122,000 XX 144,000 XX

Primary silicon 36,500 XX 26,800 XX

Other 6,800 XX 6,970 XX

Net metallic recovery from aluminum scrap and sweated

p i g consumed in p roduction of secondar y aluminum in g o t 4 697,000 XX 561,000 XX

W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Miscellaneous, other." XX Not applicable.

-- Zero.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Includes inventory adjustment.

3 Includes other diecast alloys.

4 No allowance made for melt loss of primary aluminum and alloying ingredients.Aluminum—2005 5.13 TABLE 6

DISTRIBUTION OF END-USE SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS

IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA, BY INDUSTRY 1

2004 2005 p

Quantity Quantity

(thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage

Industry metric tons) of grand total metric tons) of grand total

Containers and packaging 2,310 20.4 r 2,320 21.0

Building and construction 1,680 14.8 1,680 15.2

Transportation 3,860 34.0 r 3,940 35.6

Electrical 720 r 6.3 r 752 6.8

Consumer durables 713 r 6.3 r 708 6.4

Machinery and equipment 730 6.4 755 6.8

Other markets 416 3.7 424 3.8

Total 10,400 r 91.8 10,600 95.6

Ex p orts e 930 r 8.2 484 4.4

Grand total 11,400 100.0 11,100 100.0

e Estimated. p Preliminary. r Revised.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: The Aluminum Association Inc. TABLE 5

PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS

IN THE UNITED STATES 1

(Metric tons)

2004 2005

Net Net

Production shi p ments 2 Production shi p ments 2

Diecast alloys:

13% Si, 360, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 18,400 18,700 20,300 17,500

380 and variations 270,000 270,000 199,000 199,000

Sand and permanent mold:

95/5 Al-Si, 356, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 49,200 49,700 19,400 19,400

No. 12 and variations

-- 15 1,670 1,650

No. 319 and variations 123,000 124,000 74,000 73,900

F-132 alloy and variations 26,000 26,400 22,600 22,500

Al-Mg alloys 1,490 1,300 19,400 19,700

Al-Zn alloys 2,020 2,110 2,370 2,210

Al-Si alloys (0.6% to 2.0% Cu) 551 551 291 289

Al-Cu alloys (1.5% Si, maximum) 3,910 3,910 5,180 4,940

Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloys

-- 1 483 480

Other 236 257 6,850 6,820

Wrought alloys, extrusion billets 290,000 288,000 301,000 267,000

Miscellaneous:

Steel deoxidation 24,600 25,000 18,100 18,100

Pure (97.0% Al) W W W W

Aluminum-base hardeners W W W W

Othe r 3 53,600 52,300 48,200 49,600

Total 863,000 862,000 739,000 704,000

See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 5—Continued

PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS

IN THE UNITED STATES 1

(Metric tons)

2004 2005

Net Net

Production shi p ments 2 Production shi p ments 2

Less consumption of materials other than scrap:

Primary aluminum 122,000 XX 144,000 XX

Primary silicon 36,500 XX 26,800 XX

Other 6,800 XX 6,970 XX

Net metallic recovery from aluminum scrap and sweated

p i g consumed in p roduction of secondar y aluminum in g o t 4 697,000 XX 561,000 XX

W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Miscellaneous, other." XX Not applicable.

-- Zero.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Includes inventory adjustment.

3 Includes other diecast alloys.

4 No allowance made for melt loss of primary aluminum and alloying ingredients.5.14 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 TABLE 7

U.S. NET SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM WROUGHT AND CAST PRODUCTS,

BY PRODUCERS 1, 2, 3

(Thousand metric tons)

2003 2004 2005 p

Wrought products:

Sheet, plate, foil 4,370 r 4,750 r 4,680

Pipe, tube, extruded shapes 1,670 r 1,810 r 1,900

Rod, bar, wire, cable 368 r 397 r 406

Forgings (including impacts) 107 r 121 r 129

Powder, flake, paste 56 61 55

Total 6,580 r 7,140 r 7,160

Castings:

Sand 285 r 221 r 287

Permanent and semipermanent mold 719 r 735 r 780

Die 1,210 1,250 r 1,100

Other 189 r 161 r 107

Total 2,400 r 2,370 r 2,280

Grand total 8,970 r 9,510 r 9,440

p Preliminary. r Revised.

1 Net shipments derived by subtracting the sum of producers' domestic receipts of each mill

shape from the domestic industry's gross shipments of that shape.

2 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

3 Wrought products data series includes net shipments in both the United States and Canada.

Source: The Aluminum Association Inc.

TABLE 8

U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2 Scrap Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

2004:

Azerbaijan

-- -- 3 $20

-- -- 3 $20

Brazil 1,120 $2,470 11,600 50,800 78 $126 12,800 53,300

Canada 132,000 250,000 523,000 1,470,000 142,000 186,000 797,000 1,910,000

China 454 1,220 36,200 100,000 314,000 321,000 350,000 423,000

France 124 586 6,220 47,900 176 322 6,520 48,800

Germany 439 1,460 4,640 34,900 245 407 5,320 36,800

Hong Kong 95 516 9,180 32,200 10,800 16,000 20,000 48,700

Italy 228 502 2,060 14,000 42 47 2,330 14,600

Japan 5,170 14,900 7,400 71,900 23,300 32,900 35,900 120,000

Kazakhstan

-- -- 55 331

-- -- 55 331

Korea, Republic of 809 3,290 16,500 77,500 54,300 70,800 71,600 152,000

Mexico 150,000 267,000 162,000 490,000 38,100 56,000 350,000 812,000

Netherlands 365 1,370 744 4,830 222 588 1,330 6,790

Philippines

-- -- 142 1,150

-- -- 142 1,150

Russia 5 21 27 381

-- -- 32 402

Saudi Arabia 29 215 17,400 42,200 (3) 3 17,400 42,500

Singapore 215 1,290 1,680 16,200 362 234 2,260 17,700

South Africa 1 12 223 2,010

-- -- 224 2,030

Taiwan 641 1,600 5,900 25,300 39,200 49,200 45,700 76,100

See footnotes at end of table.Aluminum—2005 5.15 TABLE 8—Conitnued

U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2 Scrap Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

2004—Conitnued:

Tajikstan

-- -- 84 661

-- -- 84 661

Thailand 172 678 5,090 20,600 4,920 5,720 10,200 27,000

Ukraine

-- -- (3) 14

-- -- (3) 14

United Kingdom 833 3,450 11,700 86,500 165 294 12,700 90,200

Venezuela 20 78 1,650 6,560 3 30 1,670 6,670

Other 5,530 14,600 34,600 196,000 32,200 33,200 r 72,300 244,000

Total 298,000 565,000 857,000 2,790,000 660,000 773,000 1,820,000 4,130,000

2005:

Azerbaijan

-- -- 2 24

-- -- 2 24

Brazil 226 732 8,070 37,800 1,620 2,390 9,920 40,900

Canada 128,000 261,000 487,000 1,540,000 146,000 203,000 761,000 2,000,000

China 491 1,890 41,600 158,000 581,000 703,000 623,000 862,000

France 838 2,350 9,100 64,000 48 101 9,990 66,500

Germany 859 6,460 8,400 55,900 306 499 9,570 62,900

Hong Kong 236 568 7,480 33,100 11,200 17,700 18,900 51,400

Italy 177 500 3,170 22,600 (3) 4 3,350 23,100

Japan 4,520 19,000 10,700 110,000 34,900 51,600 50,100 181,000

Kazakhstan

-- -- 7 797

-- -- 7 797

Korea, Republic of 1,070 3,410 12,800 71,500 131,000 161,000 145,000 236,000

Mexico 184,000 342,000 232,000 697,000 75,200 109,000 490,000 1,150,000

Netherlands 131 1,380 685 5,130 103 237 919 6,750

Philippines 1 5 198 1,760 773 841 971 2,610

Russia 154 526 65 395 26 80 245 1,000

Saudi Arabia 8 18 31,100 77,000

-- -- 31,100 77,000

Singapore 356 1,110 2,490 15,900 658 365 3,510 17,400

South Africa 1 9 312 3,400

-- -- 314 3,410

Taiwan 360 1,780 9,320 42,500 48,400 66,700 58,100 111,000

Thailand 402 1,930 7,950 30,900 5,500 7,520 13,800 40,300

Ukraine

-- -- 1 31

-- -- 1 31

United Kingdom 329 2,700 17,300 122,000 469 1,070 18,100 126,000

Venezuela 12 91 1,790 7,110 21 87 1,820 7,280

Other 7,480 18,200 59,900 273,000 49,700 49,600 117,000 341,000

Total 329,000 666,000 951,000 3,370,000 1,090,000 1,370,000 2,370,000 5,410,000

r Revised. -- Zero.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Includes castings, forgings, and unclassified semifabricated forms.

3 Less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.5.16 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 TABLE 9

U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1

2004 2005

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

Crude and semicrude:

Metals and alloys, crude 298,000 $565,000 329,000 $666,000

Scrap 660,000 773,000 1,090,000 1,370,000

Plates, sheets, bars, strip, etc. 795,000 2,380,000 886,000 2,910,000

Castings and forgings 21,900 175,000 25,700 216,000

Semifabricated forms, n.e.c. 40,100 237,000 39,500 247,000

Total 1,820,000 4,130,000 2,370,000 5,410,000

Manufactures:

Foil and leaf 85,000 287,000 87,000 320,000

Powders and flakes 12,300 53,500 9,430 46,500

Wire and cable 32,200 96,500 38,800 115,000

Total 129,000 437,000 135,000 482,000

Grand total 1,950,000 4,570,000 2,500,000 5,890,000

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

TABLE 10

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1

2004 2005

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

Crude and semicrude:

Metals and alloys, crude 3,250,000 $5,880,000 3,660,000 $7,140,000

Plates, sheets, stri p , etc., n.e.c. 2 724,000 1,950,000 927,000 2,710,000

Pipes, tubes, etc. 34,900 171,000 32,800 181,000

Rods and bars 179,000 581,000 232,000 774,000

Scrap 535,000 655,000 482,000 658,000

Total 4,720,000 9,240,000 5,330,000 11,500,000

Manufactures:

Foil and lea f 3 107,000 378,000 136,000 506,000

Powders and flakes 5,360 18,700 6,320 25,800

Wire 175,000 359,000 195,000 432,000

Total 288,000 756,000 337,000 964,000

Grand total 5,010,000 10,000,000 5,670,000 12,400,000

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Includes circles, disks, plates, and sheets.

3 Excludes etched capacitor foil.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.Aluminum—2005 5.17 TABLE 11

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2 Scrap Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

2004:

Argentina 75,400 $115,000 583 $2,220 204 $259 76,200 $118,000

Australia 65,100 123,000 87 1,340 35 39 65,200 124,000

Bahrain 2,670 4,910 13,100 29,600

-- -- 15,800 34,500

Belgium 688 1,220 11,600 32,100

-- -- 12,300 33,300

Brazil 226,000 399,000 31,700 77,000 4,770 8,950 262,000 485,000

Canada 1,660,000 3,070,000 489,000 1,340,000 353,000 422,000 2,500,000 4,830,000

China 13,900 25,000 52,800 159,000 230 352 67,000 184,000

France 2,610 10,500 7,770 32,300 271 388 10,600 43,100

Germany 4,380 13,400 81,500 291,000 933 932 86,800 306,000

Italy 450 776 2,030 11,700

-- -- 2,480 12,500

Japan 1,750 4,220 12,100 57,600 569 1,990 14,500 63,900

Korea, Republic of 68 308 3,380 13,400 29 37 3,480 13,800

Mexico 1,260 2,510 21,400 73,000 84,700 103,000 107,000 179,000

Netherlands 1,110 2,990 2,840 15,900 229 657 4,180 19,600

Norway 4,110 9,000 121 510 5 9 4,240 9,520

Panama

-- -- 404 1,350 3,220 4,090 3,620 5,440

Russia 904,000 1,590,000 37,600 90,500 9,860 15,100 952,000 1,690,000

Slovenia

-- -- 4,930 15,400

-- -- 4,930 15,400

South Africa 40,000 69,300 36,100 87,500

-- -- 76,100 157,000

Spain 114 362 1,730 6,820

-- -- 1,850 7,180

Ukraine

-- -- -- -- 57 155 57 155

United Arab Emirates 54,300 102,000 79 254 487 652 54,800 103,000

United Kingdom 6,340 12,800 2,870 19,400 4,360 5,590 13,600 37,800

Venezuela 138,000 239,000 19,900 37,800 20,300 27,900 178,000 304,000

Other 46,200 86,800 104,000 315,000 52,300 62,600 203,000 465,000

Total 3,250,000 5,880,000 938,000 2,710,000 535,000 655,000 4,720,000 9,240,000

2005:

Argentina 65,600 126,000 2,980 7,490

-- -- 68,600 134,000

Australia 63,200 132,000 134 1,650 1,300 2,620 64,600 137,000

Bahrain 22,700 46,600 15,500 38,600

-- -- 38,200 85,200

Belgium 36 152 13,100 41,300 28 35 13,200 41,500

Brazil 194,000 367,000 34,200 96,500 126 243 228,000 464,000

Canada 1,920,000 3,750,000 514,000 1,500,000 310,000 424,000 2,740,000 5,680,000

China 68,200 136,000 121,000 345,000 247 454 190,000 481,000

France 789 7,570 6,340 33,600 99 162 7,220 41,300

Germany 2,400 7,920 114,000 413,000 334 447 116,000 421,000

Italy 757 3,410 2,860 16,200

-- -- 3,620 19,600

Japan 536 1,750 20,400 89,800 521 1,950 21,500 93,500

Korea, Republic of 87 437 2,810 12,800

-- -- 2,900 13,200

Mexico 97 187 22,400 82,800 105,000 143,000 127,000 226,000

Netherlands 436 1,580 2,660 14,000 79 92 3,170 15,600

Norway 4,060 7,940 111 524 2 29 4,180 8,490

Panama 39 66 464 1,650 3,590 5,260 4,100 6,970

Russia 819,000 1,570,000 55,100 160,000 6,830 12,500 880,000 1,740,000

Slovenia

-- -- 4,000 13,100

-- -- 4,000 13,100

South Africa 77,700 149,000 52,100 152,000

-- -- 130,000 301,000

Spain 79 279 3,100 8,050 106 203 3,280 8,530

Tajikstan 127,000 239,000

-- -- -- -- 127,000 239,000

United Arab Emirates 79,100 164,000 576 1,450 718 1,170 80,400 166,000

United Kingdom 22,600 45,800 7,410 32,800 2,470 3,380 32,500 81,900

Venezuela 145,000 280,000 11,200 24,400 8,950 12,100 165,000 317,000

Other 49,200 105,000 185,000 581,000 41,100 50,500 276,000 736,000

Total 3,660,000 7,140,000 1,190,000 3,670,000 482,000 658,000 5,330,000 11,500,000

See footnotes at end of table.5.18 u. s

. geo l og i c Al s u rvey min era l s yearbook —2005 TABLE 11—Continued

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

-- Zero.

1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Includes circles, disks, pipes, rods, tubes, etc.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

TABLE 12

ALUMINUM, PRIMARY: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1, 2

(Thousand metric tons)

Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 e

Argentina 245 269 272 272 r 271

Australia 1,797 1,836 1,857 1,894 r 1,903 3

Azerbaijan

-- -- 19 30 e 30

Bahrain 523 519 532 532 r 751 3

Bosnia and Herze g ovin a 4 95 r 102 r 113 r 121 r 131 3

Brazil 1,140 1,318 1,381 1,457 1,499 3

Cameroon 81 67 77 86 r 90 3

Canada 2,583 2,709 2,792 2,592 2,894 3

Chin a e 3,250 4,300 5,450 6,670 7,800

Croati a 4 16

-- -- -- e

--

Egypt 191 195 195 216 r 244 3

France 462 463 443 451 r 442 3

Germany 652 653 661 668 r 668

Ghana 144 117 16 r

-- e 13 3

Greece 166 165 165 167 r 165

Hun g ar y e 34 35 35 35 35

Icelan d 5 242 r 285 r 286 r 271 272 3

Indi a 6 624 671 799 862 898 3

Indonesi a e, 6 180 160 200 230 240

Iran 146 r 169 182 r 213 r 220

Italy 187 190 191 195 r 195

Ja p an 7 7 6 6 r 6 7

Mexico 6 52 39

-- -- e

--

Mozambique 270 r 268 r 409 r 549 r 555 3

Netherlands 294 284 283 r 326 325

New Zealand 322 335 e 340 e 350 351 3

Norway 1,068 1,096 1,192 1,322 1,372 3

Polan d 8 45 49 45 46 r 43 3

Romani a 9 182 187 197 r 219 r 244 3

Russia 3,300 3,347 3,478 3,592 r 3,647 3

Serbia and Montene g r o 4 100 112 112 115 e 115

Slovaki a 6 134 147 165 160 e 160

Sloveni a 4 77 88 110 121 r 139

South Africa 662 707 738 863 851

Spain 376 380 389 398 395

Sweden 102 101 101 101 102 3

Switzerland 36 40 44 45 45

Tajikistan 289 308 319 358 380 3

Turke y e 62 3 63 3 63 60 60

See footnotes at end of table.Aluminum—2005 5.19 TABLE 12—Continued

ALUMINUM, PRIMARY: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1, 2

(Thousand metric tons)

Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 e

Ukraine 9 106 112 114 113 114 3

United Arab Emirates, Duba i e 500 536 560 3 683 3 750

United Kingdom 341 344 343 360 360

United States 2,637 2,707 2,703 2,516 2,481 3

Venezuela 571 605 601 624 610

Total 24,300 26,100 28,000 r 29,900 r 31,900

e Estimated. r Revised. -- Zero.

1 World totals and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2 Primary aluminum is defined as "The weight of liquid aluminum as tapped from pots, excluding the weight of any alloying materials as well that of any metal

produced from either returned scrap or remelted materials." International reporting practices vary from country to country, some nations conforming to the

foregoing definition and others using different definitions. For those countries for which a different definition is given specifically in the source publication,

that definition is provided in this table by footnote. Table includes data available through May 5, 2006.

3 Reported figure.

4 Primary ingot plus secondary ingot.

5 Ingot and rolling billet production.

6 Primary ingot.

7 Excludes high purity aluminum containing 99.995% or more as follows, in metric tons: 2001—26,586; 2002—40,443; 2003—43,697 (revised); 2004—55,402

(revised); and 2005—47,000 (estimated).

8 Primary unalloyed ingot plus secondary unalloyed ingot.

9 Primary unalloyed metal plus primary alloyed metal, thus including weight of alloying material.