UNITED STATES ENVIR O NMENTAL PROTE CTION AGENCY R E SEARCH TRIANGLE PARK , NC 27711 

## APR 1 Z015

OFFICE OF ME MORAND U M A IR QUALITY PLANNING A N D S TAN D A RDS SU BJE C T :
FRO M:
T O: V o lunt ary Co n s e n s us S t anda r d R e s ult s fo r E mi s s i o n G ui de lin es a nd Co mpli a n ce T i m es fo r Muni c ip a l So li d W aste L a ndfill s Ba rre tt Pa rke r, Actin g G r o up Le ad e r

# ~~ Mea s ure m e nt Tec hn o l o gy Gro up (E 143

- 02) David Co z z i e, G r o up Le ad e r Fue ls and Inc in e rati o n Gro up (E l 43

- 0 l ) At yo ur r e q ue st , th e Meas ure m e nt Tec hn o l o gy G r o up (MTG) o f th e O ffi ce of Air Q u a li ty Plannin g a nd S ta ndard s ( OAQPS ) co ndu c te d s ea r c he s and r ev i ews to addr ess th e Na ti o na l Te c hn o l ogy T ra n s fe r and Ad v a nce m e nt Ac t (NTT AA ) r e quire m e nt s o n th e u s e of vo lunt a r y co n se n s u s stan d a r d s ( V C S )
. Th e ' I

TAA d ire c t s E PA to u s e VCS in r eg ul a to r y a nd proc ur e m e nt ac ti v iti e s unl es s do in g s o w o u l d b e i nc o n s i s te nt w i t h a ppli c abl e law o r o th e r w i s e i m pra c ti ca bl e . T hi s m e mora ndum do c um e nt s th e r es ult s o f th e M TG s ea r c hes a nd r ev i ews to de te rmin e if VCS ar e ava il ab l e a nd pra c ti ca l fo r u s e in li e u of s ta ti o na r y so urce m e th o d s c ited in the Em iss i o n G uid e lin es and Comp li ance Tim es for M uni c ipa l So li d Wast e Landfi ll s . In 1998
. OAQ PS beg an im p l eme ntin g th e r equ ireme nt s of th e NTT AA by co ndu ct in g sea r c he s to i de nt ify V C S. Se ar c h es c o ntin ue to b e pe r fo rm e d to m ee t the r eq uire m e nt s of th e NTTAA. Whil e we have m ade a r easonab le e ff o rt to iden ti fy and e v a lu a te p o te nti a ll y pract i c a l V CS , o ur findin g s d o not ne c essa ril y r ep r e se n t a ll p o te nti a l alt e rn ati ve sta nd a rd s w hi c h ma y ex is t. Th e M TG p a r t i c ip ates in th e Am e ri ca n Soc i e ty fo r T e s tin g a nd Mate ria l s (AS T M), w hi c h is on e of th e mo s t ac ti ve V CS o r ga ni za ti o n s o n e mi ss i o n s t es t i ng, and has b ee n in v it ed t o p arti c i pa te in th e US/\ Tec hni ca l Ad v i s o ry G r o up fo r Int e rnati o nal O r g an i zati o n fo r S tandardi za ti o n ( IS O ) r e l atin g to em iss i o n s m o n ito r i ng . We e x pe c t th ese additi o na l e ff o rt s w ill he lp u s to s upp o 1 i a pe ri o di c re v i ew of a ll E PA r e f

e r

e nce m e th o d s and pe r fo rm a nce s t a nd ard s fo r pos s ibl e in co rp o rati o n by r efe r e nce ( IBR ) of VCS in li e u of o r as a l te rnat i ve s to E PA p roce dure s . W e anti c ipa te t hat th ese ac ti v it i es w ill prov id e an oppo rtunit y fo r furth e r r ev i e w , co n s id e ra t i o n and p oss ib l e I BR of V CS ove rl oo k e d in th e Nat i o na l S ta nd ar d s Se r v i ce e t w o rk (NSSN) sea r c hes o r fin a li ze d afte r Fe dera l a ge ncy r e v i ew in th e EP A rul ema ki ng p r ocess. We c o nduc ted sea r c hes fo r Em iss i o n Gu i de lin es a nd Co m p l ian ce Tim es fo r M uni cipa l So li d Wa s te La ndfi ll s thro ug h th e Enhan ce d NSSN Dat aba s e ma nage d b y t he Am e ri ca n N at i o na l S ta nda rd s In s ti tute (ANS I)
. We a lso con tacte d VCS o r ga ni za ti o n s an d accesse d a nd sea r c h e d th e ir data ba ses . Sea r c he s w e r e co ndu c te d fo r EP A M e th o d s 2. 2E , 3
. 3A
. 3 C 1 8 , 2 1 , 25 , 25A , and 2SC o f 40 C FR Pa rt 60 , Ap pe nd i x A
. N o a ppl i ca bl e vo lunt a r y co n se n s u s s tandar ds we r e ident i fi e d fo r E PA M e th o d s 2E , 21. and 2 5 C.

In ternet A dd res s (U RL) • h tt p ://www . epa . gov Re c ycled/Recyclable • Prin t ed wrt h Vege t ab l e Oil Based Ink s o n R e cycled Pape r ( M in i mum 2 5% Posfco n s um e r )

### 2 Durin g th e se arc h , if th e titl e o r ab s tract ( if prov id ed) o f th e VCS descr ib e d tech ni ca l sa mp ling and a na l y tica l procedures that ar e s imil a r to E PA 's r efe r e nce m e th od , the MTG cons id e r ed it as a p o te ntial eq ui va lent m e th od. All p o t e nti a l s tandard s we r e r ev i ewed to dete rmin e th e practicalit y of th e V

CS for thi s rul e. Thi s r ev i ew requires s i g nifi ca nt m e t

ho d va lid ati o n data wh i c h m ee ts the r equirement s of EP A Method 30 I fo r accepti ng a lt e rnati ve m e th ods o r sc i e ntifi c, e ngi n eer in g a nd p o lic y eq ui va l ence to p r

oce dures i n EPA r efere nce meth ods
. Th e MTG ma y r econ s id er d ete rmin ation s o f impra c ti ca lit y whe n additional information is avai lable fo r parti c ul ar VCS. One vo lunt ar y co n se n s u s s tandard was id e ntifi ed as an accep tab l e al tern ati ve to E P A test m e th o d s for the purp oses of thi s rul e . The vo lun tary co n se n s u s s tandard ASTM 0 642 0- 99 (20 I 0) , " Te st M e th od fo r Det e rminati o n of Gaseous Or ga nic Co mp o und s by Dir ect Interface Gas C hr o mat ograp hy/ Mass Spec trometry " is a n acceptab l e alt e rnati ve to M e th od 18. The s ea r ch identified 1 4 V CS th at we r e p o tentially app licable for t hi s rul e in li e u of E PA r efe r e n ce meth o ds. After r ev iew in g th e ava il able s tandard s, E PA determin ed th at 1 4 candidat e VCS (ASTM D 3 l 54 -0 0 (2006), ASTM 0 3464

- 96 (2007), ASTM 0 379 6-90 (200 I) , IS O I 0780: 1994, ASME B 13 3
. 9- 199 4 (200 1), ANS l/ ASME PTC 19- 10-1 98 1Part10 , ISO 1 0396 :1 993 (2007) , ISO 1 203 9: 20 01 , ASTM 0 5835

- 95 (2013), ASTM D 6522-l l. CA / CSA Z223.2-M86 (1999), ASTM 06060-96 (2009), ISO l 4965:2000(E) , EN 126 19 ( 1999) ) id e ntifi ed fo r mea s urin g em i ss i o n s of pollutants o r th e ir s urr oga te s s ubj ec t to e mi ss i o n standard s i n th e rul e wo uld no t be practi ca l due to l ack of eq uival e ncy, d oc um e ntati o n , va lid atio n d a ta and ot he r i mportant t ec hnical and p o lic y co n s id e rati o n s . Th ese 14 m

et hods are li sted in Attach m ent I, along w ith the E PA re v i ew com m en t s . I h ope o ur r esea r c h int o thi s matt e r has been use ful and tim e l y to yo ur Group 's effo 11 s in this rulemakin g. Pl ease co ntact m e at (9 I 9) 54 1- 9 724 with an y furth e r q uestio n s in thi s ma tter. Attachrnents

cc: Linda C ha pp e ll , EP A/S PPO ( 0 243-04) Hill ary Ward , E PA /S PPO (13 143-0 1) Michael Toney, EPA / AQAO (E143

- 02)Attach m e nt l
. Li s t of Vo lun tary Co n se n s u s Standard s N ot Ap pli cab l e fo r E mi s s i o n G uid elin e s a nd Co mpli ance Ti m e s fo r M uni c ip al So lid Waste La ndfill s S I M I LA R EPA

STAN D A RD VOL UNTA RY C O NSENSUS STAN DAR D EPA ' S COMMENTS ON VO L UNTA RY CONSENSUS REFE R ENCE STAN D A RD MET HO D E

PA Method 2 ASTM DJ 154

- 00 (2006)

- S ta n da r d Me th od for Thi s sta n dard appear s to cove r EPA · s Part 60 Me t hods I. 2 , Ave ra ge Ve l oc it y in a Du c t ( Pit ot Tu be Me th od) 2C , 3, 3 8 , 4. but l ac ks in q ua li ty co nt ro l a nd qu a li ty assu ran ce r eq uire m e nt s. S pec ifi ca ll y. AST M D3 I 54

- 00 does no t in c lu de the fo l lowing: I) proof that openings of s tandard pitot tube have not pl ugged du rin g t he tes t ; 2) if d iffe r en t ia l p r essure g au ges o th e r th a n in c lin e d ma no m ete rs (e

. g., mag ne he li c ga u ges) a r e u se d , hei r ca li brati o n mus t be c hec k e d afte r eac h test se r ies; and 3) t h e fr equency and va l idity range fo r ca li brat i o n of th e t e mp e rature se n so rs. E PA Meth o d 2 A S TM D 34 6 4 -9 6 (2 007 )

- Sta ndard Tes t M e th o d Th e app li c abilit y s pecifi ca ti o n s in thi s AS TM s t and a rd are no t Average Vel oc i ty in a D uct Us in g a Th e rm a l clea rl y d e fin ed , e.g., ra nge of gas co mpos iti o n , tempe rat ure A nemometer limi ts. A l so, the l ack of s up po rt i ng qua li ty ass ura nce data for t he ca lib ra ti on proced ures a n d s pecificat i o n s, a nd ce rt a in va r ia bility i ss ues that a r e no t ad e qu ate l y addresse d b y th e sta n da r d lim it E PA's abi lit y to make a defi ni t i ve com p a riso n of t he met hod i n t hese areas. E PA Me t hod 2 AS TM D3796-90 (20 0 4)

- S ta nda rd P ract i ce fo r Thi s AST M s t a nda rd is i nt en d e d to be a ca li brat i o n pr oced ure Ca libr at i o n o f Type S Pit o t T u bes fo r th e S

- ty pe p it ot tu be a n d no t a me th o d by whi c h stac k gas veloc i ty and / o r volumet r ic flowrates can be mea s ured as in E PA Met h od 2. In addition , the ca l ibra t ion p r ocedu r e doe s not req uire a n in c lin ed m a nomete r a nd does no t spec ify a ny ad di t i o na l accu racy ve rifi ca ti o n s fo r th e u se of o th e r types of differential pre ss ur e gauges. EPA Method 2 I SO I 0780: 1994

- Stat i onary Source Emi ss ions ISO I 0780: 1994 recommends the u se of an L- s haped pi tot , M eas ure m e nt of Ve l oc it y and Vo lum e F l owra tc of Gas wh i c h hi sto ri cn ll y has no t bee n r eco mm e nd ed by EPA
. The Str eams in Duct s EPA spec ifies the S- type design w h ich has l arge openi n gs tha tS lMIL/\R EPA STANDARD R EFERENCE

M E THOD
E PA Method 2, 3A

EPA Methods 3A, 3C VOLUN T A RY CONSENSUS STAN DAR D

ASME 8133.9-1 994(200 1 )

- Measurement of Ex h aust E mi ss io n s from S tationary Gas Turbin e E n g in es ( Revisio n of AN S I 8133
. 9-1979)

ANS l / ASME P TC 19-10-1981- Part 10 Flue and Exhau s t Gas An a lyses



### 2 EPA · s COMMENTS ON VOL UNTA RY CONSENSUS STANDARD

are less likely to plug up with du s t. Not a quantitative meth od. p e r se, a lth o ugh a good prim e r fo r thi s so urce ca tegory that includes tec hnical d esc ription s of manual and in s trumental s amp l ing procedure s, as well as per fo rmance s pec ificati o ns for in s trumental m e th o d s. Thi s sta n da rd h as many good refe re n ces. including th e EPA Me th ods and Pe r fo rm a nce Spec ifi ca ti o n s . O NL Y USE FO R ENGI NES AND TURBI NES DO N OT USE AT ALL'? NO T A MET H O D ? Thi s s t a ndard in cludes manual and in s trum e ntal methods o f analyses for ca rb o n di oxide (C02), carbo n monoxide (CO), h ydrogen s u lfide ( H2 S) , nit roge n ox id es (NOx) , oxyge n (02), and s ulfur di ox id e (S02). The VC S m e th od analytes that include o n e or more of the sa me te c hnique s a s the E PA m et hods are as follows: C02 [manual (3B, 6A and 6B) and in s trumenta l (3A and 3C)]; CO [ma n ual (38) a n d instru m ental (I 0 and l OB )], H 2S [manual ( I SA and I 6A) and in s trum e ntal ( 1 5, 16 , and 168) ] , NOx [ma nual (7 an d 7C) and instrum e nt a l (7 A , 7 8 , 7E, 20)), 02 [manual (38) and i n s trum e ntal (3A, 3C, 20)) , and S02 [manua l (6, 6A, 6B , 20) and in s trumenta l (6C) ]. Th e m a nual m e th o ds a re a ll acceptable al ternatives t o th e corresponding E P A te s t methods (38, 6, 6A, 68 , 7, 7C, I SA, l 6A, 2 0 (S02 part of20 o nl y))
. [No te that one of th e s tand a rd 's manu a l S02 procedu res in co rporate s E P A M e th od 6 in its en tirety]. For the s tandard 's in s trum enta l procedu r es. o nl y genera l de sc ripti o n s of the procedu res are in c luded w hi c h are n o t true m e th o d s . T h e r efo re , th e in s trum e nt a l proc ed uresSIMJLAR EPA STANDARD VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARD E PA 'S CO MMENTS ON VOLUNTA RY CONSENSUS REFER ENCE STAN DARD

METHOD (3A, 3C , 6C, 7A , 7 B , 7E, I 0, I 

### OB , 15. 16, 168, 20 (NOx part of20 o nl y)) are n ot acceptable alternative s to the co rr es pondin g E PA m e th ods. EPA Method 3 A ISO I 0 3 96: 19 93 (2 00 7)

- Sta ti ona r y Source Em iss i ons: Th i s sta nd ard i s s imil ar to E PA Meth ods 3A, 6C , 7E, I 0 , 20 Sa mplin g for th e Automated Determination o f Gas (nitrogen ox id es and oxygen parts of20 o nly). ALT 004. CTM Co ncentrati ons 022, but lack s in detail and quality assurance/ quality co ntrol r equirements. Spec ifi ca ll y. ISO I 0396 does n ot in c lu de the fo ll ow in g: I) se n s iti vity of th e meth od; 2) acce ptabl e l eve ls of a nal yze r cal ibrati o n error ; 3) acceptable l eve ls of sa mplin g sys tem bias: 4) zero dr i ft and ca lib ration drift limit s . time s pan , and r eq uired te st in g frequency; 5) a me th od to te s t the interference re s ponse of th e a nal yzer; 6) procedures to dete rmin e th e mi nimum sa mpling t im e per run and minimum measurement time; 7) specifica tion s for data recorder s, in te rm s of re so luti o n (a ll types) a nd r eco rd i ng i nterval s (d i g it a l a nd analog r eco rders , on l y). This standard is a lso very s imilar to ASTM 0 5835
. E PA Method 3 A I SO 12039:200 I

- S tationar y So urce Emissions This m ethod is s imi l ar to E PA Method s 3A, 10 , and 2 0 Determination of Carbon M o nox id e, Ca rb o n Dioxide, (oxyge n po rti o n of20 on l y). H oweve r, ISO 12039 is mi ss in g and Oxygen Automated Meth ods so me key features
. In t erm s of sa mpl ing. the ha r dware r equi r ed by ISO 12039 does not include a 3-way ca li bratio n va l ve assembly o r equivalent l o block th e s ample gas fl ow wh il e ca libr ati o n gases are introduced
. In it s ca lib rat i o n proce dures, ISO 12039 on l y s pecifies a t wo-po int ca li b ratio n whi le the E PA methods spec ify a 3

- point ca librati on. Also , ISO 12039 d oes not spec ify performa nce cr i ter ia for ca librati o n e rro r , ca libra ti o n drift, or samp lin g sys tem bias 

### 3S IMIL A R E PA STA N DARD VOLUNTARY CON SE N S US STANDARD EPA 'S CO MM E NTS O N VOLUNTARY C O NSENSU S REFEREN CE S TANDARD

METH OD te s t s, alth o ug h c hec ks o f th ese qualit y co ntr o l fe atur es a r e r e quired b y th e IS O s tand ard. In additi o n , IS O 120 39 d oes no t include pr oce dure s for rem ov al of C0 2 wh e n CO is be in g tes ted , a s in E PA Meth o d I 0
. EP A Me th o d 3A AST M 058 35-95 (2 01 3)

- S ta ndard Pra cti ce fo r Thi s s tand a r d is s imil ar to E PA Me th ods 3A
. 6C, 7 E. JO, 20 Sa mpling S ta ti o n a r

y So urce E mi ss i o n s fo r A ut o mated ( nitr oge n ox i des and oxyge n p art s of 20 o nl y), A LT 004, C TM D

e te rminati o n o f Gas Co nce ntr ati o n 0 22, but l ac k s in de tail a nd qu a lit y ass uran ce / quality co ntro l requirements. S pe cificall y . ASTM 0 5 8 35- 9 5 d o e s no t in c lude th e fo ll o win g : I ) se n s iti v it y o f th e m e th od; 2) acc e pt ab le l eve l s o f a n a l

yzer ca li bra ti o n e r ro r ; 3) acceptab l e l eve l s of sa mplin g sys te m bia s; 4) zero drift and ca librati o n drift limit s, time span , and r e quired tes tin g frequ e ncy; 5) a meth o d to te s t the interfere nc e re s pon se o f the anal yze r ; 6) procedure s to d e te rmine th e minimum sa mpling time pe r run and minimum m

eas urement tim e; 7) s pec ifi c ati o n s fo r da t a r eco rd e rs , in te rm s o f r eso luti o n ( all ty p es) a nd r eco rdin g interval s ( di g ital and analog r eco rders , o nly). Th is standard is also very s imilar to ISO I 039 6
. E PA Meth o d 3A AS TM 06 522 -11

- S tand a rd Tes t Meth o d fo r th e AS TM D6 522 has been d e te rmined to be t ec hnicall y D e t e rminati o n o f N itroge n O x id es, C arbo n Mo n ox id e, a ppro pri a te fo r id e nti fy in g nit ro gen ox id es , ca rb o n m o nox ide , a nd O xy g e n Co nce ntrati o n s in E mi s sion s fr o m N atural a nd o xy ge n co nce ntrati o n s wh e n th e fu e l is nat ural gas . G a s -Fired Recipr oc ating En g ine s, Combu s ti o n Turbin es, B o il e r s and Pro cess H e ate rs U s in g P o rtabl e A na l yze r s E PA M e th o d 3A CA N/ CS A Z223.2 -M86 ( 1999)

- M e th o d fo r th e T hi s s t a nd a r d i s un ac ce pt a bl e a s a s ub s tit u t e fo r E PA M e th o d s Co ntinu o u s M eas urement o f O xyge n , Ca rb o n Di o xid e, 3 A , 6 C, 7E, 10, 1 O

A , and 2 0 ( nitro g e n ox id es and o xyge n



### .+SIMILAR EPA STANDARD REFERENCE

METHOD

E PA Meth od 18

E

PA Methods 25, 25A VOLUNTA RY CONSENSUS STANDARD
Ca rbon Monoxide, Sulphur Di ox i de, and Oxides of Nitrogen i n Enclo se d Combust i on F lue Gas Streams

ASTM D6060-96 (2009)

- Practice for Sampling of Process Vents with a Portab l e Gas C hromat ograp hy

ISO 14965 :2000(E)

- Air Quality Determinati o n of To t al No n metha ne Organic Co mpound s C ry oge nic P

r econcentration a nd Di rect F l a me Ion i zation Me th od 

### 5 E PA 'S COMMENTS ON VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STAN D A RD part s of 20 o nl y), since it does not includ e quantitative s pecification s for measurement system performa nce, m os t notably t he ca l ibration proced ures and in s t rum ent perfo r ma nce characteristics. T he i n s trument performance characteristics that are provid ed are n onrnandatory and also do not provide the s ame le ve l of qualit y assurance a s t he E PA meth ods. Fo r exa mple , the zero and s pan / ca librat i on clri ft is only checked week l y , whe r eas the EPA me th ods req uires dr ift check s after each run. Th is ASTM s tandard lack s key quality co ntro l and assurance requirement s included in EPA Method 18. For example. ASTM D6060: I) l acks th e requirement of three reference s ta nd a rd s in t r ip l ica te; 2) l acks t he cal ib ratio n accepta n ce c riteria that the tripl i cate calibrat i on sta ndards agree wit hin 5 percent of the i r average: 3) lacks a post- sam pl i ng vo l ume n ow rate check and requi r ement to repeat the test if the pre- and post-test tlowrates d iffer by mo r e t ha n 20 perce nt ; 4) lacks tri p l icate samples for recovery tests and a ll ows a 15 pe r ce nt differe n ce betwee n the pre-tes t a nd r ecovery test data vs. I 0 percent for Method 18 ; 4) lack s the accuracy performance criter ia of I 0 percent of th e preparation value for audit s amples; 5) l acks reporti ng/doc umen ta t ion r equirements. Also , ASTM 06060 doe s not i ncl ude proced u res for sa mp l e collection u s in g o ther media , s uch as bags and solid so rbent s . This standard i s an impra c ti c al alternative to EPA Method 25 o r 25A because it doe s no t measure solvent process vapors in conce ntra t ion s greater t han I 0 ppm carbon. A method whose

### S IMILAR EPA S TA N DARD VO LUNTARY C O NSENSUS STANDA RD E P A 

# · s C OMM EN T S ON VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS REFERENCE STAN DARD

METHOD upp e r I im it i s I0 pp m carbon ha s a mea s urement range too limite d to be u sef ul in measuring so urc e e mi ss i o ns. EPA Method 25A EN 12619 ( 1999)

- Station a r y Source Emissions Th i s standa rd is an impractical alternat i ve to EP A Meth od 25 Det ermin a ti o n of th e Ma ss Co ncentration of Total o r 2 5A beca use it d o es no t me asu r e so l ve nt process vap o r s in Ga seo us Organic Ca rb o n at Low Co nce ntr ati o ns in co nce ntrati o ns g r e ate r than 40 ppm carb o n. A met hod whose Flu e Gases Co ntinu o us Flame Ioni zatio n Detector upper limit is 40 ppm carbon has a mea su re m ent range too Method limited to be use rul in meas urin g so urce e mi ss i o ns .



### 6