United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Jefferson County

Area and Part of

Silver Bow

County, Montana

In cooperation with United

States Department of the

Interior, Bureau of Land

Management, and the

Montana Agricultural

Experiment Station

Part I
NRCS Accessibility Statement

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to

making its information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you

are experiencing accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our

Helpdesk at 1-800-457-3642 or e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov.

For assistance with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of

information, you may also wish to contact the State or local office. You can locate

the correct office and phone number at

http://offices.usda.gov/scripts/ndISAPI.dll/oip_public/USA_map.

USDA Nondiscrimination Statement

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits

discrimination in all of its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin,

gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or

family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program

information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's

TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil

Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW,

Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an

equal opportunity provider and employer.
This soil survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about the soil survey area;

descriptions of the detailed soil map units and soil series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed.

Part II describes the use and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This part may be updated

as further information about soil management becomes available. Part III includes the maps.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area

on the Index to Map Sheets, which precedes the soil maps.

Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents in Part II shows

which table has data on a specific

land use for each detailed soil map

unit. Also see Contents for sections

of this publication that may address

your specific needs.

A State Soil Geographic Database

(STATSGO) is available for this

survey area. This database consists

of a soils map at a scale of

1:250,000 along with groups of

associated soils. It replaces the

general soils map published in

earlier soil surveys. The map and the database can be useful for multicounty planning, and map output can

be tailored for a specific use. More information about the State Soil Geographic database for this survey area,

or for any part of Montana, is available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1996. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1998. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; the United States

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; and the Montana Agricultural

Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Jefferson

Valley Conservation District and the Mile High Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all

of its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age,

disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all

prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,

audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or

TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: A view of the Boulder River valley. Wetsand soils are in the foreground, and Bull Mountain

is in the background.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Alphabetical Index to Map Units.......................... 27

Foreword ............................................................... 47

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 49

General Nature of the Survey Area......................... 50

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology ................ 50

Soil Parent Materials .......................................... 53

Mineral and Ground-Water Resources ............... 53

Geothermal Resources ...................................... 54

Seismicity ........................................................... 54

Climate ............................................................... 54

Tables:

Temperature and Precipitation ....................... 55

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ..................... 57

Growing Season ............................................ 58

Formation and Classification of the Soils .......... 59

Factors of Soil Formation ........................................ 59

Climate ............................................................... 59

Living Organisms ............................................... 59

Topography......................................................... 59

Parent Material ................................................... 60

Time ................................................................... 60

Classification of the Soils ........................................ 60

Soil Series and Their Morphology....................... 61

Abor Series .................................................... 61

Absarook Series ............................................ 62

Absay Series .................................................. 63

Adel Series .................................................... 64

Amesha Series .............................................. 64

Anamac Series .............................................. 66

Arrowpeak Family .......................................... 67

Ashbray Series............................................... 67

Attewan Series ............................................... 68

Baxton Series ................................................ 69

Beanlake Series ............................................. 70

Beaverell Series ............................................. 71

Beenom Series .............................................. 72

Benz Series ................................................... 73

Bielenberg Series ........................................... 74

Bignell Series ................................................. 75

Blaincreek Series ........................................... 76

Bobowic Series .............................................. 77

Bondoe Series ............................................... 78

Bonebasin Series ........................................... 79

Branham Series ............................................. 80

Breeton Series ............................................... 81

Brickner Series .............................................. 81

Brocko Series................................................. 82

Bronec Series ................................................ 83

Burtoner Series .............................................. 85

Cabbart Series ............................................... 85

Cardwell Series .............................................. 86

Caseypeak Series .......................................... 87

Castner Series ............................................... 88

Catgulch Series ............................................. 89

Cedric Series ................................................. 90

Cheadle Series .............................................. 90

Chinook Series .............................................. 91

Clancy Series................................................. 92

Clasoil Series ................................................. 93

Clugulch Series .............................................. 94

Clunton Series ............................................... 95

Cometcrik Series ........................................... 96

Connieo Series .............................................. 97

Cowood Family .............................................. 98

Cozberg Series .............................................. 98

Crackerville Series ....................................... 100

Crago Series ................................................ 100

Crampton Series .......................................... 102

Delpoint Series............................................. 103

Devilfence Series ......................................... 103

Deville Series ............................................... 104

Dougcliff Series ............................................ 105

Eagleton Series............................................ 106

Ellena Series ................................................ 107

Elmark Series .............................................. 108

Elve Series ................................................... 109

Elvick Series ................................................ 110

Ethridge Series ............................................ 111

Fairway Series ............................................. 112

Faith Series .................................................. 113

Farnuf Series ............................................... 115

Ferball Series ............................................... 116

Firada Series ............................................... 117

Floweree Series ........................................... 118

Foolhen Series ............................................. 118

Franconi Series ............................................ 120

Geohrock Series .......................................... 121

Gnojek Series .............................................. 122

Handke Series ............................................. 123
6

Hanson Series ............................................. 124

Hapgood Family ........................................... 125

Havre Series ................................................ 125

Haxby Series ............................................... 126

Helmville Family ........................................... 127

Hilger Series ................................................ 128

Hiore Series ................................................. 129

Holter Series ................................................ 130

Hoyt Series .................................................. 131

Jeffcity Series .............................................. 132

Judco Series ................................................ 133

Judell Series ................................................ 134

Kadygulch Series ......................................... 135

Kalsted Series .............................................. 136

Kellygulch Series ......................................... 137

Kimpton Series............................................. 138

Kobarter Series ............................................ 139

Kokoruda Series .......................................... 140

Kounter Series ............................................. 141

Kurrie Series ................................................ 142

Lahood Series .............................................. 143

Lap Series .................................................... 144

Ledger Series .............................................. 145

Libeg Series ................................................. 146

Lowder Series .............................................. 147

Lowland Series ............................................ 148

Lumpgulch Series ........................................ 149

Macabre Series ............................................ 150

Maiden Series .............................................. 151

Marcel Series ............................................... 152

Martinsdale Series ....................................... 153

Mckenton Series .......................................... 154

Meadowcreek Series ................................... 156

Mocmont Series ........................................... 157

Moltoner Series ............................................ 158

Monaberg Series.......................................... 159

Mooseflat Series .......................................... 160

Musselshell Series ....................................... 161

Nestley Series .............................................. 162

Nieman Series ............................................. 163

Nippt Series ................................................. 164

Nivean Series............................................... 165

Opitz Series ................................................. 165

Peeler Family ............................................... 167

Pensore Series ............................................ 168

Perma Series ............................................... 168

Pieriver Series ............................................. 169

Placerton Series .......................................... 170

Quaint Series ............................................... 171

Quincreek Series ......................................... 172

Raghorn Series ............................................ 173

Ratiopeak Series.......................................... 174

Raynesford Series........................................ 175

Redfern Series ............................................. 176

Redfist Series .............................................. 177

Releep Series .............................................. 178

Rencot Series .............................................. 179

Repkie Series .............................................. 180

Riverrun Series ............................................ 181

Rivra Series ................................................. 182

Roegulch Series........................................... 183

Rothiemay Series ......................................... 184

Roto Series .................................................. 184

Rubick Series ............................................... 185

Ryell Series .................................................. 186

Sappington Series ........................................ 187

Sawbuck Series ........................................... 188

Sawicki Series.............................................. 189

Sebud Series ............................................... 191

Shaboom Series .......................................... 192

Shawmut Series ........................................... 192

Shoddy Series ............................................. 194

Sieben Series .............................................. 194

Sieberell Series ............................................ 196

Sigbird Series .............................................. 197

Silverchief Family ......................................... 197

Sixbeacon Series ......................................... 199

Skyview Series ............................................ 200

Stemple Family ............................................ 201

Surdal Series ............................................... 202

Tepecreek Series ......................................... 203

Tiban Series ................................................. 204

Tibkey Series ............................................... 205

Tigeron Family ............................................. 206

Tineman Series ............................................ 207

Tolbert Series ............................................... 208

Torpy Series ................................................. 209

Tropal Series ................................................ 210

Trudau Series............................................... 210

Tuggle Series ............................................... 211
7

Udecide Series ............................................ 212

Varney Series .............................................. 213

Vendome Series ........................................... 215

Vigilante Series ............................................ 216

Villy Series ................................................... 217

Vitroff Series ................................................ 217

Walbert Series ............................................. 219

Warneke Series ........................................... 219

Warwood Family........................................... 220

Watne Series ............................................... 221

Wetsand Series............................................ 222

Whitecow Series .......................................... 224

Whitlash Series ............................................ 225

Whitore Series ............................................. 225

Wickes Series .............................................. 226

Wilde Series ................................................. 227

Wilspring Series ........................................... 228

Wimper Series ............................................. 229

Windham Series........................................... 230

Work Series ................................................. 231

Worock Family ............................................. 233

Yetull Series ................................................. 234

Ymark Series ............................................... 234

Yreka Series ................................................ 235

Zatony Series ............................................... 237

Zbart Series ................................................. 238

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................. 239

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of

the Soils .............................................. 243

Detailed Soil Map Units ...................................... 267

1—Riverwash ................................................... 268

2—Rubble land-Rock outcrop association ........ 268

3—Dumps, mine .............................................. 268

4—Bronec, Clunton, channeled, and Amesha

soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes ........................ 269

5—Borrow areas and gravel pits ...................... 269

6—Wetsand, Cardwell, and Clunton soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ............... 270

9—Bronec, Riverrun, channeled, and

Amesha soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes .......... 270

11B—Amesha silt loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 271

11C—Amesha silt loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 271

11D—Amesha silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 272

13A—Anamac loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 272

13C—Anamac loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 272

18A—Brocko silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 273

18C—Brocko silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 273

18D—Brocko silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 273

18E—Brocko silt loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 274

20C—Windham gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 274

20D—Windham gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 274

20E—Windham very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 275

21A—Mckenton silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 275

22C—Zatony clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 275

23A—Mckenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 276

25C—Cozberg sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 276

26C—Crago gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 276

26D—Crago gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 277

26E—Crago gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 277

27A—Bronec gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 278

27C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 278

27D—Bronec gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 278

27E—Bronec gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 279

30A—Dougcliff mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent

slopes ........................................................ 279

32A—Fairway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 279
8

33E—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ................................. 280

37A—Pieriver silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 280

38C—Kalsted sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 281

38D—Kalsted sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 281

40A—Moltoner loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 281

41—Bronec, Amesha, and Riverrun,

channeled, soils, 0 to 35 percent slopes .... 282

42D—Perma cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 282

42E—Perma cobbly loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 283

47A—Cardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 283

48A—Riverrun sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 283

52A—Ryell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............ 284

53C—Sappington gravelly clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 284

56A—Trudau loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 284

56B—Trudau loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......... 285

60C—Watne loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......... 285

64A—Varney sandy clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 286

64C—Varney sandy clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 286

65C—Judell loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .......... 286

68D—Bondoe channery loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 287

69A—Meadowcreek silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 287

71C—Raghorn sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 287

71D—Raghorn sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 288

72F—Zbart-Rock outcrop association, 25 to

70 percent slopes ...................................... 288

73C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 288

74D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 289

75C—Sixbeacon loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ... 289

76A—Absay silty clay loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 289

77F—Rock outcrop-Pensore, stony-Crago,

stony, association, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 290

79A—Chinook sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 290

79C—Chinook sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 291

79D—Chinook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 291

79E—Chinook sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 291

80A—Floweree silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 292

80C—Floweree silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 292

81A—Ethridge clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 292

81C—Ethridge clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 293

82C—Rothiemay very gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 293

83C—Shoddy silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 293

83D—Shoddy silty clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 294

84A—Clunton-Faith-Dougcliff complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 294

85D—Walbert coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 295

87C—Kobarter clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 295

87D—Kobarter clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 295

88C—Lahood loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ....... 296

88D—Lahood loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...... 296

92D—Clunton, Cometcrik, and Perma,

stony, soils, 0 to 15 percent slopes ............ 297

99D—Libeg gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery......................................... 297

99E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 298

113C—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 298
9

113D—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex, 8

to 15 percent slopes .................................. 299

114D—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 299

114E—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes .................................. 300

115A—Amesha gravelly loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 301

115C—Amesha gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 301

115D—Amesha gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 301

115E—Amesha gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 302

116A—Amesha loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes..... 302

116C—Amesha loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .... 302

116D—Amesha loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 303

117E—Amesha-Cabbart-Bronec cobbly

loams, 4 to 25 percent slopes .................... 303

118C—Amesha cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 304

121E—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 304

121F—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 305

122D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 305

122E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes .................................. 306

122F—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes .................................. 307

123E—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 307

123F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 308

125D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes, warm ............................ 309

125E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, warm ............................ 309

126F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, warm ................................. 310

132A—Anamac silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, saline ............................................. 311

151D—Delpoint-Abor complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 311

171D—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes................................ 312

171E—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 312

172D—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 313

172E—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 314

173F—Branham, stony-Tuggle, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 314

182D—Brocko-Amesha complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 315

183E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Rencot

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 315

184E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very

stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 316

191C—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 316

191D—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes................................ 317

191E—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 318

192C—Cabbart clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 318

193E—Cabbart-Haxby loams, 8 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 319

194E—Cabbart-Bronec, stony-Rencot, very

stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes ...... 319

195E—Cabbart, very stony-Bronec, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 320

195F—Cabbart, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 321

201E—Windham-Rock outcrop-Lap, very

stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ...... 322

201F—Windham, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 322
10

202D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 323

202E—Windham-Judell complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 323

203D—Windham gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony ................................. 324

203E—Windham gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ................................. 324

204D—Windham-Maiden-Lap complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 324

204E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very stonyLap, very stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 325

204F—Windham, very stony-Maiden, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 326

205E—Windham very cobbly loam, 4 to 35

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 326

205F—Windham very cobbly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 327

206F—Windham-Windham, stony, complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes.............................. 327

207E—Windham, stony-Lap, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 328

207F—Windham, stony-Lap, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 328

208D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8 to

25 percent slopes, stony ............................ 329

211A—Clunton silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 329

221A—Zatony clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, wet ................................................. 330

231A—Ledger-Moltoner-Mckenton complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 330

232A—Clunton-Wetsand-Bonebasin

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................. 331

233A—Ledger-Wetsand, saline, complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 331

241E—Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcropPerma, stony, complex, 2 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 332

241F—Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcropPerma, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 333

245E—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropAbsarook, stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 333

251B—Cozberg sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 334

251D—Cozberg sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 334

261D—Crago-Brocko complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 335

261E—Crago-Brocko complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 335

263D—Crago-Rock outcrop-Pensore

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ................ 336

263F—Crago, stony-Rock outcrop-Pensore,

stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .... 336

264C—Crago-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 337

264D—Crago-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 337

264E—Crago-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 338

264F—Crago-Amesha complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 338

265B—Crago gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 339

265D—Crago gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 339

265E—Crago very cobbly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 340

266D—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 340

266E—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 341

267F—Crago, very stony-Pensore, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 341

268C—Crago-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 342

269D—Crago, very stony, and Crago,

rubbly, soils, 2 to 15 percent slopes ........... 342
11

271C—Bronec-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 343

271D—Bronec-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 344

271E—Bronec-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 344

271F—Bronec-Amesha-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 345

272E—Bronec-Geohrock-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 345

273D—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 346

273E—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 347

274A—Bronec complex, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 347

274C—Bronec complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 348

274D—Bronec complex, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 349

274E—Bronec-Bronec, very stony, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 349

275A—Bronec gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 350

275D—Bronec very gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 350

275E—Bronec very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 351

276C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, saline ............................................. 351

277C—Bronec-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 351

278E—Bronec-Rencot-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 352

291C—Sieben complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 353

292C—Sieben-Varney cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 353

293D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 353

294C—Sieben, stony-Sieberell, very stony,

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 354

295D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery......................................... 354

296D—Sieberell-Sieben-Beaverell complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, stony ..................... 355

297D—Sieben, very stony-Sieben, rubbly,

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ................ 355

297F—Sieben, rubbly-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes .............. 356

311D—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash,

very stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 356

311F—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash,

very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 357

321A—Fairway-Meadowcreek complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes ........................................ 358

322A—Fairway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 358

323A—Fairway-Mckenton silt loams, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 359

324A—Fairway clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 359

325A—Fairway-Nestley clay loams, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 359

326A—Fairway-Moltoner complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 360

327A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 360

328A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

cool ............................................................ 361

329C—Faith-Slickens complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, impacted ........................... 361

331C—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 362

331D—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

8 to 15 percent slopes................................ 362

332D—Geohrock-Sappington complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, stony ..................... 363

334D—Geohrock, stony-Bronec, very stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 363

341A—Pieriver-Cardwell-Riverrun loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 364

342A—Handke fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 364

361D—Udecide-Varney-Walbert complex,

4 to 25 percent slopes................................ 365

362C—Udecide-Varney sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 365
12

371A—Havre-Ryell-Handke complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes ........................................ 366

372A—Havre loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 367

381C—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 367

382D—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony ................................. 367

391C—Musselshell-Crago gravelly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 368

394B—Musselshell-Crago cobbly loams,

1 to 4 percent slopes.................................. 368

401A—Moltoner silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 369

411A—Nestley loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 369

413A—Nestley-Riverrun-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 369

421E—Perma, stony-Whitlash, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 370

421F—Perma-Whitlash complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 371

422F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, moist ................................. 371

423C—Wimper loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 372

423D—Wimper loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 372

423E—Wimper loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 373

424D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 373

424E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 374

425E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, stony ................................. 374

426F—Wimper-Whitlash association, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 375

427E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 375

429E—Perma, very stony-Perma, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 376

441F—Warneke-Warneke, very stony-Rock

outcrop association, 8 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 376

451A—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony ................................. 377

461D—Absarook-Beenom complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 377

471A—Cardwell-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 378

481A—Riverrun gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 378

482A—Riverrun-Cardwell complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 379

483A—Riverrun, Handke, and Ryell soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ............... 379

492D—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 380

492E—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 380

492F—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes, stony ............................ 381

493D—Pensore-Rock outcrop-Roto complex,

2 to 25 percent slopes................................ 382

511C—Haxby-Amesha-Rencot complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 382

521A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 383

522A—Ryell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 384

523A—Cardwell-Riverrun-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 384

524A—Cardwell loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 385

525A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, saline ................................ 385

531C—Sappington very cobbly clay loam,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 386

532C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 386

533A—Sappington clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 386

533C—Sappington clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 387

533D—Sappington clay loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 387

534C—Sappington-Geohrock complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 387
13

534D—Sappington-Geohrock complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes................................ 388

536A—Sappington-Amesha complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 388

537B—Sappington loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 389

537D—Sappington loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 389

538C—Sappington gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 390

539B—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, cobbly ............................... 390

539C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, stony ................................. 391

541D—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 391

541E—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 392

551E—Brickner, stony-Whitlash, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 392

552F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tolbert, very bouldery,

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes .......... 393

553F—Brickner, very stony-Wickes, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 394

554F—Brickner, very stony-Rock outcropMocmont, stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 394

562C—Trudau-Bronec, saline, complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes ........................................ 395

564C—Trudau-Benz clay loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 395

581E—Whitecow, stony-Warneke, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 396

581F—Whitecow, very stony-Warneke, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 397

582E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, warm ............................ 397

583E—Whitecow-Warneke complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 398

584F—Whitecow-Whitecow, stony-Warneke

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 398

585E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 399

591F—Windham-Rock outcrop-Warneke

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 400

631D—Rencot-Rock outcrop-Rencot, stony,

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes ................ 400

631E—Rencot-Rencot, very stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 401

631F—Rencot-Bronec-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .............. 401

632C—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .................. 402

632D—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes ................ 403

632E—Rencot, very stony-Lahood, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 403

633D—Rencot, very stony-Bronec, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 404

634E—Rencot, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 405

641C—Varney gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 405

642C—Varney clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 406

642D—Varney clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 406

643A—Varney cobbly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 406

643C—Varney cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 407

644C—Varney complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, gullied ............................................ 407

645B—Varney-Sieben complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony ................................. 408

645D—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 408
14

645E—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 409

646C—Varney loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,

stony .......................................................... 410

651C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 410

652C—Judell cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 410

655C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm.............................................. 411

662B—Judell gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, very stony ...................................... 411

691A—Meadowcreek, Clunton, and Cardwell

soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ...... 411

692A—Meadowcreek-Nestley-Riverrun

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................. 412

713E—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 413

713F—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes.............................. 413

721E—Zbart-Bondoe-Brocko complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes ...................................... 414

731C—Martinsdale, stony-MartinsdaleHilger complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ........ 414

732D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 415

734D—Martinsdale loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, very stony ...................................... 416

735C—Martinsdale-Absarook-Whitlash

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, stony ........ 416

736C—Martinsdale-Work complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 417

742E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ...... 417

744E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, stonyTolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 418

745D—Shawmut-Wickes-Gnojek complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 419

745E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes, dry............................ 419

746E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 420

747E—Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 421

748E—Shawmut, stony-Wickes, very stony,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 421

751C—Sixbeacon gravelly sandy loam, 2 to

8 percent slopes ........................................ 422

752B—Sixbeacon-Vendome complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 422

753C—Sixbeacon-Cozberg complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 422

754D—Sixbeacon-Cozberg, stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 423

755A—Vendome very cobbly loam, 0 to 4

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 423

773F—Rock outcrop-Pensore association,

15 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 424

774F—Rock outcrop-Whitlash, bouldery,

association, 35 to 70 percent slopes .......... 424

775F—Rock outcrop-Lap-Lap, very stony,

association, 15 to 70 percent slopes .......... 425

776D—Rock outcrop-Devilfence association,

2 to 25 percent slopes................................ 425

777E—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 426

777F—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .............. 426

778E—Rock outcrop-Kounter, very

bouldery-Jeffcity, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 427

781A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 427

782A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 428

791C—Chinook sandy clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, saline ................................ 428

811C—Ethridge, saline-Zatony clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 428

821C—Rothiemay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 429

831E—Shoddy-Cabbart-Kobarter complex,

4 to 25 percent slopes................................ 429

832E—Shoddy-Rock outcrop-Delpoint

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ................ 430

841A—Clunton loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 431
15

851D—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes .................................. 431

851F—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 432

852C—Walbert sandy clay loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 432

858E—Yetull-Yetull, stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 433

859C—Yetull loamy fine sand, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 433

872E—Kobarter-Abor, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 433

911C—Absarook-Martinsdale, stony,

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .................. 434

915C—Quincreek channery loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 434

941E—Tigeron, bouldery-Tigeron, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 435

942E—Tigeron extremely gravelly loam,

15 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery .............. 435

943F—Tigeron, stony-Tigeron, very stony,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 436

944E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, warm ............................ 436

945E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, dry ............................... 437

946F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 438

947F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes, dry ................................................. 438

952F—Redfern, bouldery-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 439

953F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land association, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 439

954F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, complex, 35 to

70 percent slopes ...................................... 440

963E—Elve-Warwood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, stony ................................. 440

964E—Elve, very stony-Elve, rubbly-Cowood,

rubbly, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ... 441

964F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes, cool ................................................ 442

965E—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 442

965F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes, dry ................................................. 443

966E—Elve, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 443

967F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 444

968E—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 444

968F—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 445

969F—Elve, bouldery-Worock-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 445

971F—Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes .......... 446

972F—Cowood, very bouldery-Kimpton,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 447

973D—Cowood, very stony-Elve, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 447

982F—Kimpton, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tiban, very bouldery, complex,

25 to 50 percent slopes.............................. 448

991E—Libeg loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

bouldery ..................................................... 449

992E—Libeg, very bouldery-Libeg, boulderyNieman, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 449

993D—Ratiopeak-Tiban gravelly loams, 4 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery ....................... 450

994E—Libeg, stony-Nieman, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 450
16

996D—Libeg-Monaberg gravelly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 451

997E—Libeg, stony-Monaberg-Adel

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 451

998E—Libeg-Nieman, stony, complex,

8 to 25 percent slopes................................ 452

999E—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, very

bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 453

999F—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, rubbly,

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes .......... 453

1003E—Tiban, bouldery-Cheadle, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 454

1004E—Tiban, rubbly-Tiban, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 454

1101E—Monaberg, stony-Libeg, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 455

1102B—Adel-Libeg, stony, complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 455

1103D—Adel-Libeg complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony ................................. 456

1104C—Adel loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ........ 456

1120E—Quaint channery loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 457

1121E—Quaint-Rock outcrop-Redfist

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ................ 457

1121F—Quaint-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 458

1122D—Quaint-Redfist channery loams,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 458

1131C—Redfist-Quaint channery loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 459

1131D—Redfist-Quaint channery loams,

8 to 15 percent slopes................................ 459

1132D—Redfist, bouldery-Perma, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 460

1141D—Devilfence very channery loam,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 460

1142E—Devilfence-Rock outcrop-Wilspring

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 461

1142F—Devilfence-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 461

1143F—Deville-Wilde-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 462

1146E—Deville-Rock outcrop-Wilde

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 462

1152D—Wilspring-Devilfence complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 463

1152E—Wilspring-Devilfence-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 464

1153C—Wilspring-Quincreek-Devilfence

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .................. 464

1154E—Wilde-Deville-Vigilante complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes................................ 465

1154F—Wilde, stony-Vigilante-Deville, very

stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .... 466

1161E—Yreka, bouldery-Hoyt, boulderyShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes .................................. 466

1162E—Yreka very cobbly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 467

1163F—Ymark, very bouldery-Elmark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 467

1164F—Yreka-Brickner, stony, complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes.............................. 468

1170E—Whitlash-Whitlash, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 469

1171F—Castner, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes .............. 469

1172F—Castner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 470

1180E—Farnuf loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 470

1182C—Breeton gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 471

1191E—Silverchief very cobbly clay loam,

8 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 471

1210C—Ferball clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 471

1222C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ... 472

1222E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 472
17

1223D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 473

1242D—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, moist .............................................. 473

1242E—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, moist .............................................. 474

1243D—Baxton-Connieo coarse sandy

loams, 4 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery..... 475

1244D—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 475

1244E—Baxton-Connieo-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 476

1245E—Baxton-Breeton-Connieo complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 476

1246E—Baxton, stony-Breeton, boulderyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 477

1247E—Baxton-Kellygulch-Connieo

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 478

1250C—Work cobbly clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, stony ................................. 479

1250E—Work very cobbly clay loam, 8 to

25 percent slopes ...................................... 479

1271D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes................................ 479

1272D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 480

1273E—Placerton-Farnuf-Breeton complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 481

1275D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo gravelly

sandy clay loams, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 481

1275E—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 482

1276D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, warm ...... 483

1277C—Placerton-Jeffcity complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 483

1280D—Crackerville-Catgulch complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 484

1281D—Crackerville-Catgulch, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 484

1282D—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 8 to 20 percent

slopes ........................................................ 485

1283E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 20 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 486

1286E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, warm.............................................. 486

1287E—Clancy, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Bielenberg, very stony,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes .............. 487

1321B—Beaverell, very stony-BeaverellSieberell, stony, complex, 1 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 488

1321D—Beaverell, very stony-Sieberell,

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 489

1322D—Beaverell, stony-Beaverell,

rubbly-Sieberell, stony, complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 489

1331A—Bonebasin-Wetsand complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 490

1341D—Windham very gravelly loam,

2 to 15 percent slopes, very stony ............. 490

1342E—Windham-Lap very cobbly loams,

15 to 45 percent slopes, bouldery .............. 491

1343D—Windham-Judell very cobbly loams,

4 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................ 491

1351D—Perma stony loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, very bouldery ................................. 492

1352E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ................. 492

1353F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 493

1355D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, warm ..................... 493

1355E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, warm ................... 494
18

1356E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, stony, moist ....................... 495

1357F—Perma, very bouldery-Shaboom,

extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 495

1361E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Elmark, bouldery, complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes................................ 496

1362F—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 496

1372D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes.... 497

1373E—Burtoner-Elmark-Connieo complex,

8 to 25 percent slopes, very bouldery ........ 497

1374D—Burtoner-Clancy-Connieo complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 498

1375D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

warm .......................................................... 499

1375E—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 499

1376F—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 500

1377E—Burtoner, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 500

1378E—Burtoner-Elmark-Shaboom, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 501

1381D—Jeffcity, stony-Connieo, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes.... 502

1391B—Bronec fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 503

1451F—Blaincreek, very stony-Sawicki,

very stony-Tolbert, very bouldery,

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .............. 503

1460C—Clasoil loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 504

1461D—Bielenberg-Burtoner, very stonyCatgulch, bouldery, complex, 8 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 504

1540F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyRock outcrop-Elmark, very bouldery,

association, 35 to 60 percent slopes .......... 505

1541E—Shaboom, bouldery-Lumpgulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes................................ 505

1542E—Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Kellygulch, very bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 506

1543E—Shaboom, very bouldery-Kellygulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 507

1543F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyKellygulch, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 507

1544E—Shaboom, bouldery-Kellygulch,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 508

1563D—Hilger, rubbly-Hilger complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes ...................................... 509

1564E—Hilger, very stony-Hilger, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 509

1591E—Catgulch, bouldery-CrackervilleRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 510

1595E—Connieo, bouldery-CrackervilleRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 511

1596C—Connieo-Rock outcrop-Placerton

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .................. 511

1602C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 512

1603C—Farnuf sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 512

1604D—Farnuf-Farnuf, stony-Burtoner

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 513

1605C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes, warm ....................... 513

1606D—Farnuf loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 514

1607D—Farnuf-Placerton-Martinsdale

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 514

1621D—Connieo, stony-Baxton, stonyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 515
19

1621E—Connieo, very stony-Baxton, stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 515

1622D—Connieo, moist-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 516

1623D—Connieo-Burtoner complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 516

1623E—Connieo-Baxton-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 517

1624F—Connieo, very stony-Baxton,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 517

1625F—Connieo, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Burtoner, extremely stony,

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 518

1626D—Connieo, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 519

1627E—Connieo, very bouldery-BurtonerRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, moist .............................................. 519

1628D—Connieo, bouldery-Ashbray, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 520

1629C—Connieo-Catgulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .................. 520

1640D—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, stony, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 521

1641E—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 522

1641F—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, very stony, complex, 45 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 522

1642F—Nieman, bouldery-Rock outcropLibeg, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 523

1643E—Nieman, stony-Libeg complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 524

1643F—Nieman, stony-Libeg-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 524

1651C—Sawbuck-Sawbuck, very stonyClasoil complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ....... 525

1652E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 525

1654E—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek-Tolbert,

very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 526

1655E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ................. 527

1656E—Sawicki-Bielenberg, very stonyTolbert, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 527

1657E—Sawicki, very bouldery-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 528

1658D—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ...... 529

1658E—Sawicki, very stony-Blaincreek,

very stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 529

1659E—Sawbuck, stony-Sawbuck, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 530

1661D—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes, stony ................................. 530

1661E—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ................................. 531

1662D—Catgulch, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Burtoner complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 532

1663D—Catgulch, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 532

1664E—Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcropAshbray, bouldery, complex, 4 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 533

1665F—Catgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Connieo, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 534

1667E—Catgulch, extremely boulderyBaxton, extremely bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 534

1671E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes, warm ............................ 535

1672E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 535
20

1675E—Tolbert, very stony-Blaincreek,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 536

1675F—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropBlaincreek, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 537

1680D—Raynesford silt loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 537

1690F—Cheadle, very stony-Rock outcropTiban, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 538

1721C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm.............................................. 538

1722C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes,

warm .......................................................... 539

1722E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, warm.............................................. 539

1723D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery, warm...... 540

1724D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes, warm ............................ 541

1731E—Tepecreek, bouldery-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes................................ 541

1731F—Tepecreek, very boulderyCaseypeak, rubbly-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 542

1732F—Tepecreek, very boulderyCaseypeak, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 543

1734F—Hiore, stony-Kurrie, stonyCaseypeak, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 543

1735E—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 544

1735F—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 545

1740E—Tropal, bouldery-Hanson, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 545

1741F—Tropal, bouldery-Rock outcropWhitore, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 546

1742F—Tropal, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 547

1750F—Whitore, bouldery-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 547

1751F—Whitore, very stony-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 548

1752E—Whitore, stony-Helmville, boulderyFirada, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 548

1753E—Whitore, stony-Tropal, very stonyFirada, very stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 549

1760E—Hanson, stony-Whitore, bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 550

1770E—Helmville, rubbly-Tiban, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 550

1781E—Firada, stony-Tropal, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 551

1790F—Sigbird, very bouldery-Sigbird,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 551

1800D—Breeton coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 552

1802D—Breeton-Baxton-Connieo complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 552

1803C—Breeton-Cometcrik complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 553

1810F—Hoyt, very stony-Ymark, boulderyShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 25

to 60 percent slopes .................................. 554

1821F—Kellygulch, bouldery-Rock outcropBielenberg complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes ........................................................ 554

1822F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop association, 45

to 75 percent slopes .................................. 555
21

1823E—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 556

1823F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 556

1830E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Breeton complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 557

1831D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 558

1832D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes .... 558

1833D—Clancy-Connieo complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 559

1835D—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 559

1836E—Clancy, bouldery-Bielenberg, stonyCatgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 560

1837E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 561

1838D—Clancy-Clancy, very stonyBielenberg complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 561

1841D—Tuggle-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 562

1842D—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 562

1842E—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 563

1842F—Caseypeak, bouldery-Branham,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 564

1851D—Branham-Lowder loams, 0 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 564

1851E—Branham-Lowder loams, 8 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 565

1853D—Branham-Tuggle complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 565

1853E—Branham-Tuggle complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 566

1861F—Clugulch-Bobowic-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .............. 566

1871E—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 567

1871F—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes.............................. 567

1872E—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 568

1872F—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes .............. 569

1901F—Warwood-Tigeron, very stonyCowood, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 569

1902D—Warwood, very bouldery-Warwood,

very stony-Tigeron, very bouldery,

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................ 570

1910F—Elmark, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Shaboom, extremely bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 571

1921D—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes................................ 571

1921E—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 572

1930E—Elmark-Kellygulch, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 572

1933E—Elmark, bouldery-BreetonShaboom, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 573

1940E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 574

1945E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, dry .................................... 574

1946E—Elmark, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, dry ................................................. 575

1947E—Elmark, bouldery-Burtoner-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes .... 576

1948E—Elmark, very bouldery-Skyview,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 576

1950F—Franconi, very bouldery-WarwoodCaseypeak, very bouldery, complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 577

1960D—Lumpgulch, bouldery-HoytShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 578
22

1961E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 578

1962E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Yreka, very

bouldery-Shaboom, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 579

1963F—Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Kellygulch, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 580

1964E—Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Shaboom,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 25 percent slopes................................ 581

1965E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Ymark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 581

1970E—Bignell, stony-Yreka, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 582

1980F—Stemple cobbly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 582

1990F—Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tepecreek, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .............. 583

1991D—Bobowic-Clugulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes.... 583

2000E—Skyview, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Roegulch, very bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ................ 584

2001E—Skyview, very bouldery-Elmark,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 585

2011D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ................. 585

2012D—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

warm .......................................................... 586

2012E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes,

warm .......................................................... 586

2013E—Shawmut, bouldery-Wickes, stonyTolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 587

2014E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, warm ................................. 587

2020D—Shawmut, stony-Shawmut, bouldery,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ................ 588

2030E—Kokoruda-Elmark, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 588

2031D—Eagleton, stony-KokorudaCometcrik complex, 2 to 25 percent

slopes ........................................................ 589

2040F—Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 35 to

70 percent slopes ...................................... 590

2041F—Rock outcrop-Catgulch, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 70 percent slopes .............. 590

2042F—Rock outcrop-Cheadle, very

bouldery-Tiban, very bouldery, complex,

15 to 50 percent slopes.............................. 591

2043F—Rencot, very stony-Rencot,

bouldery-Rock outcrop association,

15 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 591

2045F—Caseypeak, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 15 to

60 percent slopes, dry ............................... 592

2046F—Caseypeak, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 15 to

60 percent slopes, cool .............................. 592

2051E—Opitz, bouldery-Branham, very

bouldery-Tuggle, very bouldery, complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes................................ 593

2081F—Windham, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes, warm ................................. 594

2082D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes, warm ................................. 594

2084E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very stonyLap, very stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, warm ................................. 595

2086E—Windham-Windham, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, warm ................... 595

2088D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams,

8 to 25 percent slopes, stony, warm ........... 596

2090F—Caseypeak, very bouldery-Franconi,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes.............................. 596

2091E—Caseypeak, bouldery-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 597
23

2110D—Sebud very cobbly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 598

2111E—Sebud, very stony-Hapgood

complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes ................ 598

2112D—Sebud-Marcel complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, bouldery ............................ 599

2121F—Hapgood-Hanson-Tiban complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes, very stony ........... 599

2122F—Hapgood-Tiban complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 600

2123F—Hapgood-Sebud-Arrowpeak

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

stony .......................................................... 600

2125F—Cowood, rubbly-Elve, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 601

2151E—Releep, very bouldery-Kurrie, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 602

2161E—Ellena, bouldery-Worock, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ...................................... 602

2161F—Kurrie, very bouldery-Ellena, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 603

2171F—Hiore-Kurrie, stony, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 604

2172F—Rubick, very stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 604

2173F—Rubick gravelly sandy loam, 35 to

60 percent slopes, stony ............................ 605

2181F—Repkie, very stony-Yreka, stonySkyview, very bouldery, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 605

2211E—Sebud-Arrowpeak, stony, complex,

8 to 45 percent slopes................................ 606

2211F—Sebud, very stony-Arrowpeak, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 606

2212D—Sebud, very stony-Libeg-Arrowpeak,

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ...... 607

2212E—Sebud, very stony-Libeg, stonyArrowpeak, stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 607

2213E—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes ...................................... 608

2213F—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 609

2214E—Sebud, bouldery-Surdal, very

bouldery-Arrowpeak, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .............. 610

2215D—Sebud-Tibkey cobbly loams, 2 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery ....................... 610

2216D—Sebud-Surdal complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, stony ................................. 611

2221E—Arrowpeak, very stony-Surdal,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 611

2222F—Arrowpeak, very stony-Sebud,

stony-Surdal, very stony, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 612

2230B—Tineman cobbly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 613

2251F—Nivean, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 613

2252E—Nivean, very stony-Macabre, stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 614

2261D—Lowland loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 614

2261E—Lowland loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony .............................................. 615

2261F—Lowland, stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 615

2270F—Macabre, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 615

2271D—Macabre gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 616

2281F—Judco, stony-Torpy, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 616

2291F—Mocmont-Kadygulch cobbly loams,

35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony ........... 617
24

2301F—Mocmont, bouldery-Roegulch,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 618

2311F—Worock, stony-Cowood, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 618

2312F—Worock, stony-Elve, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 619

2321D—Torpy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes ..... 619

2321E—Torpy gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 620

2321F—Torpy gravelly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 620

2322E—Lowland-Torpy complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 621

2322F—Lowland-Torpy complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 621

2331B—Mooseflat loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 622

2332B—Mooseflat-Elvick loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 622

2350D—Clasoil, very stony-Sawicki,

bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 622

2360E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stonyShawmut complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 623

2360F—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes ........................................................ 624

2361E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes.... 624

2361F—Gnojek, stony-Rock outcrop-Wickes,

stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes .... 625

2391C—Marcel, very bouldery-Tibkey,

bouldery, complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ... 626

2411E—Ashbray, bouldery-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 8 to 45 percent

slopes ........................................................ 626

2412F—Ashbray, rubbly-Rock outcropKellygulch, very stony, complex, 35 to

70 percent slopes ...................................... 627

2421E—Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very

stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ...... 627

2431C—Foolhen, stony-Tibkey, bouldery,

complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes .................. 628

2441E—Tineman, very stony-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes ...................................... 628

2450E—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 629

2451D—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, dry .................................... 630

2452E—Kounter, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Jeffcity, bouldery, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes.............................. 630

2460D—Cedric, bouldery-Jeffcity, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 631

2461D—Cedric, bouldery-Rock outcropJeffcity, bouldery, complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 631

2471F—Elve, stony-Worock, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 632

2472E—Elvick-Lowder complex, 8 to 25

percent slopes, very bouldery .................... 633

2473E—Elve-Cowood very cobbly loams,

8 to 35 percent slopes, very stony ............. 633

2481F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 634

2483F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land association, 25 to 60 percent

slopes, cool ................................................ 634

2484F—Rock outcrop-Rubble landRedfern, rubbly, association, 35 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 635

2485F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, association,

25 to 70 percent slopes.............................. 635

2486F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 636

2487F—Torpy, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 636
25

2488D—Elve, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 4 to 35 percent

slopes ........................................................ 637

2501D—Lowder-Elvick very cobbly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery ........ 637

2511C—Monaberg loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, bouldery......................................... 638

2581E—Worock, very bouldery-Elve, very

stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .... 638

2582D—Worock-Elve very cobbly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery,

cool ............................................................ 639

2582E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ..... 639

2582F—Worock, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ....... 640

2583D—Worock, stony-Worock, very

bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 640

2583F—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes ........................................................ 641

2584E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes,

dry ............................................................. 642

2591F—Kadygulch-Roegulch, stony,

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 642

2661F—Elve-Cowood complex, 45 to 70

percent slopes ........................................... 643

2662E—Elve-Cowood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 643

2681E—Sawbuck-Catgulch, stony, complex,

8 to 45 percent slopes................................ 644

2682E—Sawbuck, stony-Yreka, stonyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 644

2691F—Connieo, very stony-Crackerville,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 645

2695E—Macabre-Nivean complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ........................................... 646

2695F—Macabre-Judco-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .............. 646

2701F—Crampton-Catgulch complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes, very stony .................... 647

2705F—Vitroff-Torpy loams, 35 to 60

percent slopes ........................................... 647

2711E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes ........................................... 648

2712D—Libeg-Mooseflat loams, 4 to 25

percent slopes ........................................... 648

3001B—Aridic Ustifluvents, 0 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 649

3033B—Sappington-Amesha loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes ........................................... 649

3033C—Sappington-Amesha loams, 4 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 649

3061E—Holter-Castner channery loams,

8 to 45 percent slopes................................ 650

3064D—Windham channery loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 650

3137B—Musselshell-Crago complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 651

3141E—Crago-Pensore channery loams,

15 to 45 percent slopes.............................. 651

3218A—Meadowcreek-Fairway complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 652

3233C—Geohrock-Crago very cobbly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes.................................. 652

3433E—Crago-Musselshell gravelly loams,

4 to 35 percent slopes................................ 653

3486F—Peeler-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 653

3501B—Fluvaquents-Fluvaquentic

Haplustolls complex, 0 to 4 percent

slopes ........................................................ 654

3513A—Attewan-Nippt complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ........................................... 654

3532B—Geohrock gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 655

3664E—Windham-Whitecow-Lap channery

loams, 15 to 45 percent slopes .................. 655

3685F—Whitecow channery loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes ...................................... 656

3885F—Whitecow-Warneke channery

loams, 15 to 45 percent slopes .................. 656
26

DAM—Dam ...................................................... 656

M-W—Miscellaneous water.............................. 657

W—Water......................................................... 657

References .......................................................... 659

Glossary .............................................................. 661

Issued 2004
27

Alphabetical Index to Map Units

461D—Absarook-Beenom complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 377

911C—Absarook-Martinsdale, stony, complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 434

76A—Absay silty clay loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes............................................................... 289

1104C—Adel loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes............. 456

1103D—Adel-Libeg complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 456

1102B—Adel-Libeg, stony, complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 455

118C—Amesha cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 304

115A—Amesha gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 301

115C—Amesha gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 301

115D—Amesha gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 301

115E—Amesha gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 302

116A—Amesha loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 302

116C—Amesha loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes......... 302

116D—Amesha loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes ....... 303

11B—Amesha silt loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes ..... 271

11C—Amesha silt loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 271

11D—Amesha silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 272

113C—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes ............................................... 298

113D—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex, 8 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 299

117E—Amesha-Cabbart-Bronec cobbly loams,

4 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 303

114D—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 299

114E—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ............................................. 300

13A—Anamac loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........... 272

13C—Anamac loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes........... 272

132A—Anamac silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, saline ................................................... 311

3001B—Aridic Ustifluvents, 0 to 4 percent

slopes............................................................... 649

2222F—Arrowpeak, very stony-Sebud, stonySurdal, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 612

2221E—Arrowpeak, very stony-Surdal, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 611

2411E—Ashbray, bouldery-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 8 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 626

2412F—Ashbray, rubbly-Rock outcropKellygulch, very stony, complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 627

3513A—Attewan-Nippt complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 654

1246E—Baxton, stony-Breeton, boulderyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 477

1245E—Baxton-Breeton-Connieo complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 476

1243D—Baxton-Connieo coarse sandy loams,

4 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ...................... 475

1244E—Baxton-Connieo-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 476

1244D—Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes .......... 475

1242D—Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

moist ................................................................ 473

1242E—Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

moist ................................................................ 474

1247E—Baxton-Kellygulch-Connieo complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes .................................... 478

1322D—Beaverell, stony-Beaverell, rubblySieberell, stony, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 489

1321B—Beaverell, very stony-BeaverellSieberell, stony, complex, 1 to 4 percent

slopes............................................................... 488

1321D—Beaverell, very stony-Sieberell, stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 489
28

311D—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ............. 356

311F—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash, very

stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........... 357

1461D—Bielenberg-Burtoner, very stonyCatgulch, bouldery, complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 504

1970E—Bignell, stony-Yreka, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 582

1451F—Blaincreek, very stony-Sawicki, very

stony-Tolbert, very bouldery, complex, 35 to

70 percent slopes ............................................. 503

1990F—Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock outcropTepecreek, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 583

1991D—Bobowic-Clugulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes .......... 583

68D—Bondoe channery loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 287

1331A—Bonebasin-Wetsand complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 490

5—Borrow areas and gravel pits ........................... 269

173F—Branham, stony-Tuggle, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 314

172D—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 313

172E—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 314

1851D—Branham-Lowder loams, 0 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 564

1851E—Branham-Lowder loams, 8 to 25

percent slopes .................................................. 565

171D—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 312

171E—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 312

1853D—Branham-Tuggle complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 565

1853E—Branham-Tuggle complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 566

1800D—Breeton coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 552

1182C—Breeton gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 471

1802D—Breeton-Baxton-Connieo complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes ......................................... 552

1803C—Breeton-Cometcrik complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 553

551E—Brickner, stony-Whitlash, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 392

2481F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 15 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 634

552F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock outcropTolbert, very bouldery, association, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 393

554F—Brickner, very stony-Rock outcropMocmont, stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 394

553F—Brickner, very stony-Wickes, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 394

18A—Brocko silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 273

18C—Brocko silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ....... 273

18D—Brocko silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 273

18E—Brocko silt loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 274

182D—Brocko-Amesha complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 315

184E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very

stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........... 316

183E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Rencot complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes ...................................... 315

274A—Bronec complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 347

274C—Bronec complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 348

274D—Bronec complex, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 349

1391B—Bronec fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 503

27A—Bronec gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 278

275A—Bronec gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 350
29

27C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 278

27D—Bronec gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 278

27E—Bronec gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 279

276C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, saline ................................................... 351

275D—Bronec very gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony................................ 350

275E—Bronec very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very stony................................ 351

41—Bronec, Amesha, and Riverrun, channeled,

soils, 0 to 35 percent slopes ............................. 282

4—Bronec, Clunton, channeled, and Amesha

soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes ............................... 269

9—Bronec, Riverrun, channeled, and Amesha

soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes ............................... 270

277C—Bronec-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 351

271C—Bronec-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 343

271D—Bronec-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 344

271E—Bronec-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 344

271F—Bronec-Amesha-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 345

274E—Bronec-Bronec, very stony, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes .................................... 349

272E—Bronec-Geohrock-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ..................... 345

278E—Bronec-Rencot-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes .................................... 352

273E—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes ......................................... 347

273D—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 346

1375E—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 499

1376F—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 500

1377E—Burtoner, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ............................................. 500

1374D—Burtoner-Clancy-Connieo complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 498

1372D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes .......... 497

1375D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

warm ................................................................ 499

1373E—Burtoner-Elmark-Connieo complex,

8 to 25 percent slopes, very bouldery............... 497

1378E—Burtoner-Elmark-Shaboom, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 501

192C—Cabbart clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 318

195E—Cabbart, very stony-Bronec, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 320

195F—Cabbart, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 321

194E—Cabbart-Bronec, stony-Rencot, very

stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes ............. 319

193E—Cabbart-Haxby loams, 8 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 319

191C—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 316

191D—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 317

191E—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes ......................................... 318

524A—Cardwell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 385

47A—Cardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 283

471A—Cardwell-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 378

521A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 383

525A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, saline ....................................... 385

523A—Cardwell-Riverrun-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 384
30

1842F—Caseypeak, bouldery-Branham,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 564

2091E—Caseypeak, bouldery-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 597

2090F—Caseypeak, very bouldery-Franconi,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 596

2046F—Caseypeak, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 15 to 60

percent slopes, cool ......................................... 592

2045F—Caseypeak, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land association, 15 to 60 percent

slopes, dry........................................................ 592

1842D—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 562

1842E—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 563

1171F—Castner, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes ..................... 469

1172F—Castner, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 470

1663D—Catgulch, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 532

1591E—Catgulch, bouldery-Crackerville-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........ 510

1664E—Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcropAshbray, bouldery, complex, 4 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 533

1667E—Catgulch, extremely bouldery-Baxton,

extremely bouldery-Burtoner, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 534

1665F—Catgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Connieo, very stony, complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes ......................................... 534

1662D—Catgulch, very stony-Rock outcropBurtoner complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ........ 532

1661D—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 530

1661E—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 531

2460D—Cedric, bouldery-Jeffcity, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 631

2461D—Cedric, bouldery-Rock outcropJeffcity, bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 631

1690F—Cheadle, very stony-Rock outcropTiban, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 538

791C—Chinook sandy clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, saline....................................... 428

79A—Chinook sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 290

79C—Chinook sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 291

79D—Chinook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 291

79E—Chinook sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 291

1836E—Clancy, bouldery-Bielenberg, stonyCatgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 560

1287E—Clancy, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Bielenberg, very stony, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes .................................... 487

1830E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Breeton complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 557

1835D—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 559

1837E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 561

1831D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 558

1832D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes .......... 558

1838D—Clancy-Clancy, very stony-Bielenberg

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 561

1833D—Clancy-Connieo complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 559
31

1460C—Clasoil loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......... 504

2350D—Clasoil, very stony-Sawicki, bouldery,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 622

1861F—Clugulch-Bobowic-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ..................... 566

841A—Clunton loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 431

211A—Clunton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 329

92D—Clunton, Cometcrik, and Perma, stony,

soils, 0 to 15 percent slopes ............................. 297

84A—Clunton-Faith-Dougcliff complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 294

232A—Clunton-Wetsand-Bonebasin complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 331

1628D—Connieo, bouldery-Ashbray, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 520

1626D—Connieo, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 519

1595E—Connieo, bouldery-Crackerville-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........ 511

1625F—Connieo, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Burtoner, extremely stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 518

1622D—Connieo, moist-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 516

1621D—Connieo, stony-Baxton, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 515

1627E—Connieo, very bouldery-BurtonerRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, moist .................................................... 519

1624F—Connieo, very stony-Baxton,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 517

1621E—Connieo, very stony-Baxton, stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 515

2691F—Connieo, very stony-Crackerville,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 645

1623E—Connieo-Baxton-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 517

1623D—Connieo-Burtoner complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 516

1629C—Connieo-Catgulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......................... 520

1596C—Connieo-Rock outcrop-Placerton

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......................... 511

2125F—Cowood, rubbly-Elve, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 601

971F—Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes ................ 446

972F—Cowood, very bouldery-Kimpton, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 447

973D—Cowood, very stony-Elve, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 447

25C—Cozberg sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 276

251B—Cozberg sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 334

251D—Cozberg sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 334

1282D—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 8 to 20 percent slopes........ 485

1283E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 20 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 486

1286E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

warm ................................................................ 486

1280D—Crackerville-Catgulch complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery ............................. 484

1281D—Crackerville-Catgulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes .......... 484

26C—Crago gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 276

26D—Crago gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 277
32

26E—Crago gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 277

265B—Crago gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 339

265D—Crago gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 339

265E—Crago very cobbly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes, very stony................................ 340

266D—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 340

266E—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 341

263F—Crago, stony-Rock outcrop-Pensore,

stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ........... 336

269D—Crago, very stony, and Crago, rubbly,

soils, 2 to 15 percent slopes ............................. 342

267F—Crago, very stony-Pensore, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ........ 341

268C—Crago-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 342

264C—Crago-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 337

264D—Crago-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 337

264E—Crago-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 338

264F—Crago-Amesha complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 338

261D—Crago-Brocko complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 335

261E—Crago-Brocko complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 335

3433E—Crago-Musselshell gravelly loams,

4 to 35 percent slopes ...................................... 653

3141E—Crago-Pensore channery loams, 15

to 45 percent slopes ......................................... 651

263D—Crago-Rock outcrop-Pensore complex,

4 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 336

2701F—Crampton-Catgulch complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony................................ 647

DAM—Dam .......................................................... 656

151D—Delpoint-Abor complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 311

1141D—Devilfence very channery loam, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 460

1142F—Devilfence-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes ......................................... 461

1142E—Devilfence-Rock outcrop-Wilspring

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ....................... 461

1146E—Deville-Rock outcrop-Wilde complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes ...................................... 462

1143F—Deville-Wilde-Rock outcrop complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 462

30A—Dougcliff mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent

slopes............................................................... 279

3—Dumps, mine ................................................... 268

2031D—Eagleton, stony-Kokoruda-Cometcrik

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 589

2161E—Ellena, bouldery-Worock, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 602

1933E—Elmark, bouldery-Breeton-Shaboom,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 573

1947E—Elmark, bouldery-Burtoner-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes .......... 576

1946E—Elmark, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, dry........................................................ 575

1940E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 574

1945E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, dry ........................................... 574

1910F—Elmark, very bouldery-Rock outcropShaboom, extremely bouldery, complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 571

1948E—Elmark, very bouldery-Skyview, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 576

1930E—Elmark-Kellygulch, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 572

969F—Elve, bouldery-Worock-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 445
33

2483F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land association, 25 to 60 percent slopes,

cool .................................................................. 634

2486F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ............. 636

968E—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 444

968F—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 445

2471F—Elve, stony-Worock, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........ 632

965E—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 442

967F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........ 444

964F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes, cool ...................................................... 442

965F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes,

dry .................................................................... 443

964E—Elve, very stony-Elve, rubbly-Cowood,

rubbly, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .......... 441

2488D—Elve, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 4 to 35 percent slopes ............... 637

966E—Elve, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ............... 443

2662E—Elve-Cowood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 643

2661F—Elve-Cowood complex, 45 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 643

2473E—Elve-Cowood very cobbly loams, 8 to

35 percent slopes, very stony ........................... 633

963E—Elve-Warwood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 440

2472E—Elvick-Lowder complex, 8 to 25

percent slopes, very bouldery .......................... 633

81A—Ethridge clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 292

81C—Ethridge clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 293

811C—Ethridge, saline-Zatony clay loams, 2

to 8 percent slopes ........................................... 428

324A—Fairway clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 359

322A—Fairway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 358

32A—Fairway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 279

323A—Fairway-Mckenton silt loams, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 359

321A—Fairway-Meadowcreek complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 358

326A—Fairway-Moltoner complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 360

325A—Fairway-Nestley clay loams, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 359

327A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............. 360

328A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, cool ...... 361

329C—Faith-Slickens complex, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, impacted .............................................. 361

1606D—Farnuf loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes........ 514

1180E—Farnuf loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 470

1603C—Farnuf sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 512

1604D—Farnuf-Farnuf, stony-Burtoner

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 513

1602C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 512

1605C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes, warm ............................. 513

1607D—Farnuf-Placerton-Martinsdale complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 514

1210C—Ferball clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 471

1781E—Firada, stony-Tropal, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 551

80A—Floweree silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 292

80C—Floweree silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 292

3501B—Fluvaquents-Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes ......................... 654
34

2431C—Foolhen, stony-Tibkey, bouldery,

complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes ......................... 628

1950F—Franconi, very bouldery-WarwoodCaseypeak, very bouldery, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 577

451A—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 377

33E—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 280

3532B—Geohrock gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 655

334D—Geohrock, stony-Bronec, very stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 363

331C—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 362

331D—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

8 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 362

3233C—Geohrock-Crago very cobbly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 652

332D—Geohrock-Sappington complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes, stony .................................. 363

2361F—Gnojek, stony-Rock outcrop-Wickes,

stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ........... 625

2361E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes .......... 624

2360F—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ........ 624

2360E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stonyShawmut complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ....... 623

342A—Handke fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 364

1760E—Hanson, stony-Whitore, bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ....................... 550

2121F—Hapgood-Hanson-Tiban complex, 25

to 60 percent slopes, very stony ....................... 599

2123F—Hapgood-Sebud-Arrowpeak complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony .................. 600

2122F—Hapgood-Tiban complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes, very stony................................ 600

372A—Havre loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............ 367

371A—Havre-Ryell-Handke complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 366

511C—Haxby-Amesha-Rencot complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 382

1770E—Helmville, rubbly-Tiban, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 550

1563D—Hilger, rubbly-Hilger complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes ............................................. 509

1564E—Hilger, very stony-Hilger, rubbly-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes .......... 509

1734F—Hiore, stony-Kurrie, stony-Caseypeak,

very stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 543

1871E—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 567

1871F—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes .................................... 567

1872E—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 568

1872F—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes .................................... 569

2171F—Hiore-Kurrie, stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 604

3061E—Holter-Castner channery loams, 8 to

45 percent slopes ............................................. 650

1810F—Hoyt, very stony-Ymark, boulderyShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 554

1381D—Jeffcity, stony-Connieo, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .......... 502

2281F—Judco, stony-Torpy, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........ 616

652C—Judell cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 410

662B—Judell gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, very stony ............................................ 411

651C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 410

655C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 411

65C—Judell loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .............. 286

1921D—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 571

1921E—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes ......................................... 572

2591F—Kadygulch-Roegulch, stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 642
35

381C—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 367

382D—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 367

38C—Kalsted sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 281

38D—Kalsted sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 281

1821F—Kellygulch, bouldery-Rock outcropBielenberg complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes............................................................... 554

1822F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop association, 45 to

75 percent slopes ............................................. 555

1823E—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 556

1823F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 556

982F—Kimpton, very bouldery-Rock outcropTiban, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 50

percent slopes .................................................. 448

87C—Kobarter clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 295

87D—Kobarter clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 295

872E—Kobarter-Abor, stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 433

2030E—Kokoruda-Elmark, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes .......... 588

2451D—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes, dry........................................................ 630

2450E—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 629

2452E—Kounter, very bouldery-Rock outcropJeffcity, bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 630

2161F—Kurrie, very bouldery-Ellena, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 603

88C—Lahood loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ............ 296

88D—Lahood loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes .......... 296

231A—Ledger-Moltoner-Mckenton complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 330

233A—Ledger-Wetsand, saline, complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 331

99D—Libeg gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery ............................................... 297

991E—Libeg loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

bouldery ........................................................... 449

99E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 298

2711E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 648

997E—Libeg, stony-Monaberg-Adel complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 451

994E—Libeg, stony-Nieman, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ..................... 450

992E—Libeg, very bouldery-Libeg, boulderyNieman, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 449

999F—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, rubbly,

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes ................ 453

999E—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, very bouldery,

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 453

996D—Libeg-Monaberg gravelly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ...................... 451

2712D—Libeg-Mooseflat loams, 4 to 25

percent slopes .................................................. 648

998E—Libeg-Nieman, stony, complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes ............................................. 452

2501D—Lowder-Elvick very cobbly loams, 2 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery ..................... 637

2261D—Lowland loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 614

2261E—Lowland loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 615

2261F—Lowland, stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ............. 615

2322E—Lowland-Torpy complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 621

2322F—Lowland-Torpy complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 621
36

1960D—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 578

1961E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 578

1362F—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 496

1361E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcropElmark, bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 496

1965E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Ymark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 581

1962E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Yreka, very

bouldery-Shaboom, very bouldery, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 579

1963F—Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Kellygulch, very bouldery, complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 580

1964E—Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Shaboom,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes ............................................. 581

2271D—Macabre gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 616

2695F—Macabre-Judco-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 646

2695E—Macabre-Nivean complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 646

2270F—Macabre, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 615

123E—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap,

very stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ..... 307

123F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap,

very stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 308

126F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap,

very stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 310

121E—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes ......................................... 304

121F—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 305

122D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 305

122E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 306

122F—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 307

125D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 309

125E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, warm .................................. 309

2391C—Marcel, very bouldery-Tibkey,

bouldery, complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes.......... 626

73C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 288

1721C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 538

734D—Martinsdale loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, very stony ............................................ 416

731C—Martinsdale, stony-Martinsdale-Hilger

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......................... 414

735C—Martinsdale-Absarook-Whitlash

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, stony .............. 416

1222C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......... 472

1222E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..... 472

1722C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 539

1722E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 539

1223D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery ............................. 473

1723D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery, warm ................... 540

732D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes .................................................. 415

1724D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 541

736C—Martinsdale-Work complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 417
37

23A—Mckenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ... 276

21A—Mckenton silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 275

69A—Meadowcreek silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 287

691A—Meadowcreek, Clunton, and Cardwell

soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ............. 411

3218A—Meadowcreek-Fairway complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 652

692A—Meadowcreek-Nestley-Riverrun

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................... 412

M-W—Miscellaneous water .................................. 657

2301F—Mocmont, bouldery-Roegulch,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 618

2291F—Mocmont-Kadygulch cobbly loams,

35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony .................. 617

40A—Moltoner loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 281

401A—Moltoner silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 369

2511C—Monaberg loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, bouldery ............................................... 638

1101E—Monaberg, stony-Libeg, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 455

2331B—Mooseflat loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes............................................................... 622

2332B—Mooseflat-Elvick loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 622

394B—Musselshell-Crago cobbly loams, 1 to

4 percent slopes ............................................... 368

3137B—Musselshell-Crago complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 651

391C—Musselshell-Crago gravelly loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes ............................................... 368

411A—Nestley loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 369

413A—Nestley-Riverrun-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 369

1642F—Nieman, bouldery-Rock outcropLibeg, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 523

1643E—Nieman, stony-Libeg complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 524

1643F—Nieman, stony-Libeg-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 524

1641E—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 522

1640D—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, stony, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 521

1641F—Nieman, very stony-Rock outcropLibeg, very stony, complex, 45 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 522

2252E—Nivean, very stony-Macabre, stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 614

2251F—Nivean, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 613

2051E—Opitz, bouldery-Branham, very

bouldery-Tuggle, very bouldery, complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes ...................................... 593

3486F—Peeler-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 653

493D—Pensore-Rock outcrop-Roto complex,

2 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 382

42D—Perma cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 282

42E—Perma cobbly loam, 15 to 25 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 283

1351D—Perma stony loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, very bouldery ....................................... 492

421E—Perma, stony-Whitlash, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 370

1357F—Perma, very bouldery-Shaboom,

extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 495

429E—Perma, very stony-Perma, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 376

1353F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 493

422F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, moist ....................................... 371

427E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 375
38

1352E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ........................ 492

421F—Perma-Whitlash complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony................................ 371

37A—Pieriver silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 280

341A—Pieriver-Cardwell-Riverrun loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................ 364

1272D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 480

1276D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, warm ........................... 483

1273E—Placerton-Farnuf-Breeton complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 481

1271D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 479

1275E—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 482

1275D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo gravelly

sandy clay loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes ......... 481

1277C—Placerton-Jeffcity complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 483

1120E—Quaint channery loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, very stony................................ 457

1122D—Quaint-Redfist channery loams,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 458

1121F—Quaint-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ............................................. 458

1121E—Quaint-Rock outcrop-Redfist

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 457

915C—Quincreek channery loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 434

71C—Raghorn sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 287

71D—Raghorn sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 288

713E—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 413

713F—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex, 35

to 70 percent slopes ......................................... 413

993D—Ratiopeak-Tiban gravelly loams, 4 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery ............................. 450

1680D—Raynesford silt loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 537

952F—Redfern, bouldery-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 439

953F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land association, 25 to 60 percent slopes ......... 439

2485F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, association, 25

to 70 percent slopes ......................................... 635

954F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Tigeron,

very bouldery, complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes............................................................... 440

1132D—Redfist, bouldery-Perma, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 460

1131C—Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes ............................................... 459

1131D—Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 8 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 459

2151E—Releep, very bouldery-Kurrie, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 602

633D—Rencot, very stony-Bronec, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 404

632E—Rencot, very stony-Lahood, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 403

2043F—Rencot, very stony-Rencot, boulderyRock outcrop association, 15 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 591

634E—Rencot, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 405

631F—Rencot-Bronec-Rock outcrop complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes .................................... 401

632C—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 402

632D—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 403

631E—Rencot-Rencot, very stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ........ 401

631D—Rencot-Rock outcrop-Rencot, stony,

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 400
39

2181F—Repkie, very stony-Yreka, stonySkyview, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 605

481A—Riverrun gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 378

48A—Riverrun sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 283

483A—Riverrun, Handke, and Ryell soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ...................... 379

482A—Riverrun-Cardwell complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 379

1—Riverwash ....................................................... 268

2041F—Rock outcrop-Catgulch, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 70 percent slopes ..................... 590

2042F—Rock outcrop-Cheadle, very boulderyTiban, very bouldery, complex, 15 to 50

percent slopes .................................................. 591

777E—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 426

777F—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ..................... 426

776D—Rock outcrop-Devilfence association,

2 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 425

778E—Rock outcrop-Kounter, very boulderyJeffcity, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 427

775F—Rock outcrop-Lap-Lap, very stony,

association, 15 to 70 percent slopes ................ 425

773F—Rock outcrop-Pensore association,

15 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 424

77F—Rock outcrop-Pensore, stony-Crago,

stony, association, 25 to 60 percent slopes ...... 290

2484F—Rock outcrop-Rubble land-Redfern,

rubbly, association, 35 to 70 percent

slopes............................................................... 635

774F—Rock outcrop-Whitlash, bouldery,

association, 35 to 70 percent slopes ................ 424

821C—Rothiemay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 429

82C—Rothiemay very gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 293

492D—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 380

492E—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 380

492F—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 381

2—Rubble land-Rock outcrop association ............ 268

2173F—Rubick gravelly sandy loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 605

2172F—Rubick, very stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 604

52A—Ryell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................ 284

522A—Ryell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 384

533A—Sappington clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 386

533C—Sappington clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 387

533D—Sappington clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 387

53C—Sappington gravelly clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 284

538C—Sappington gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 390

537B—Sappington loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 389

537D—Sappington loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 389

531C—Sappington very cobbly clay loam, 2

to 8 percent slopes ........................................... 386

536A—Sappington-Amesha complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................. 388

532C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 386

539B—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, cobbly ...................................... 390

539C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 391

3033B—Sappington-Amesha loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 649

3033C—Sappington-Amesha loams, 4 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 649

534C—Sappington-Geohrock complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 387
40

534D—Sappington-Geohrock complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 388

1659E—Sawbuck, stony-Sawbuck, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 530

2682E—Sawbuck, stony-Yreka, stonyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 644

2681E—Sawbuck-Catgulch, stony, complex,

8 to 45 percent slopes ...................................... 644

1651C—Sawbuck-Sawbuck, very stonyClasoil complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ............. 525

1654E—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek-Tolbert,

very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ... 526

1658D—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ............. 529

1657E—Sawicki, very bouldery-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes ......................................... 528

1658E—Sawicki, very stony-Blaincreek, very

stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 529

1656E—Sawicki-Bielenberg, very stonyTolbert, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 527

1652E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 525

1655E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ........................ 527

2110D—Sebud very cobbly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony................................ 598

2214E—Sebud, bouldery-Surdal, very

bouldery-Arrowpeak, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 610

2213E—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 608

2213F—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 609

2211F—Sebud, very stony-Arrowpeak, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 606

2111E—Sebud, very stony-Hapgood complex,

8 to 45 percent slopes ...................................... 598

2212E—Sebud, very stony-Libeg, stonyArrowpeak, stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 607

2212D—Sebud, very stony-Libeg-Arrowpeak,

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ............. 607

2211E—Sebud-Arrowpeak, stony, complex,

8 to 45 percent slopes ...................................... 606

2112D—Sebud-Marcel complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 599

2216D—Sebud-Surdal complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 611

2215D—Sebud-Tibkey cobbly loams, 2 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 610

1544E—Shaboom, bouldery-Kellygulch,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 508

1541E—Shaboom, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 505

1543F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyKellygulch, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........ 507

1540F—Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Elmark, very bouldery, association,

35 to 60 percent slopes .................................... 505

2040F—Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 35 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 590

1543E—Shaboom, very bouldery-Kellygulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 507

1542E—Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock outcropKellygulch, very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 506

74D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery ............................................... 289

2011D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery, warm ........................ 585

744E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, stonyTolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 418

745E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, dry ...................................... 419
41

2013E—Shawmut, bouldery-Wickes, stonyTolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 587

2012E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes,

warm ................................................................ 586

2012D—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

warm ................................................................ 586

742E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ............. 417

2020D—Shawmut, stony-Shawmut, bouldery,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 588

747E—Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 421

748E—Shawmut, stony-Wickes, very stony,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ..................... 421

746E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 420

2014E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 587

745D—Shawmut-Wickes-Gnojek complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ...................... 419

83C—Shoddy silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 293

83D—Shoddy silty clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 294

831E—Shoddy-Cabbart-Kobarter complex,

4 to 25 percent slopes ...................................... 429

832E—Shoddy-Rock outcrop-Delpoint

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 430

295D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery ............................................... 354

293D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 353

291C—Sieben complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 353

297F—Sieben, rubbly-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 356

294C—Sieben, stony-Sieberell, very stony,

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 354

297D—Sieben, very stony-Sieben, rubbly,

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 355

292C—Sieben-Varney cobbly loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 353

296D—Sieberell-Sieben-Beaverell complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, stony............................ 355

1790F—Sigbird, very bouldery-Sigbird, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 70 percent

slopes............................................................... 551

1191E—Silverchief very cobbly clay loam, 8 to

35 percent slopes, bouldery ............................. 471

751C—Sixbeacon gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 422

75C—Sixbeacon loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ....... 289

753C—Sixbeacon-Cozberg complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 422

754D—Sixbeacon-Cozberg, stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 423

752B—Sixbeacon-Vendome complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes .................................................. 422

2001E—Skyview, very bouldery-Elmark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 585

2000E—Skyview, very bouldery-Rock outcropRoegulch, very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 584

1980F—Stemple cobbly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony................................ 582

2421E—Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very stony,

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes ....................... 627

1731E—Tepecreek, bouldery-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 541

1735E—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 544

1735F—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 545

1731F—Tepecreek, very bouldery-Caseypeak,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 542

1732F—Tepecreek, very bouldery-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes ......................................... 543

1003E—Tiban, bouldery-Cheadle, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 454
42

1004E—Tiban, rubbly-Tiban, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes............................................................... 454

942E—Tigeron extremely gravelly loam, 15 to

35 percent slopes, bouldery ............................. 435

941E—Tigeron, bouldery-Tigeron, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes...... 435

943F—Tigeron, stony-Tigeron, very stony,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 436

945E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, dry ........................................... 437

944E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 436

946F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 438

947F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes, dry........................................................ 438

2230B—Tineman cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, very stony ............................................ 613

2441E—Tineman, very stony-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes .................................................. 628

1675E—Tolbert, very stony-Blaincreek, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 536

245E—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropAbsarook, stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 333

1675F—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropBlaincreek, very stony, complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 537

1672E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 535

1671E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 535

2321E—Torpy gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 620

2321F—Torpy gravelly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 620

2321D—Torpy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes ......... 619

2487F—Torpy, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ............. 636

1740E—Tropal, bouldery-Hanson, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 545

1741F—Tropal, bouldery-Rock outcropWhitore, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 546

1742F—Tropal, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 547

56A—Trudau loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............. 284

56B—Trudau loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ............. 285

564C—Trudau-Benz clay loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 395

562C—Trudau-Bronec, saline, complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes .................................................. 395

1841D—Tuggle-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 562

362C—Udecide-Varney sandy clay loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes ............................................... 365

361D—Udecide-Varney-Walbert complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes ............................................. 365

642C—Varney clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 406

642D—Varney clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 406

643A—Varney cobbly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 406

643C—Varney cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 407

644C—Varney complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, gullied................................................... 407

641C—Varney gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 405

646C—Varney loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,

stony ................................................................ 410

64A—Varney sandy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes............................................................... 286

64C—Varney sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 286

645D—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 408

645E—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 409
43

645B—Varney-Sieben complex, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 408

781A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 427

782A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 428

755A—Vendome very cobbly loam, 0 to 4

percent slopes, very stony................................ 423

2705F—Vitroff-Torpy loams, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 647

85D—Walbert coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 295

852C—Walbert sandy clay loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 432

851D—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 431

851F—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 432

441F—Warneke-Warneke, very stony-Rock

outcrop association, 8 to 60 percent slopes ..... 376

1902D—Warwood, very bouldery-Warwood,

very stony-Tigeron, very bouldery, complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 570

1901F—Warwood-Tigeron, very stonyCowood, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 569

W—Water ............................................................. 657

60C—Watne loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ............. 285

6—Wetsand, Cardwell, and Clunton soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled ...................... 270

3685F—Whitecow channery loam, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 656

585E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 399

582E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 397

581E—Whitecow, stony-Warneke, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 396

581F—Whitecow, very stony-Warneke, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 397

3885F—Whitecow-Warneke channery loams,

15 to 45 percent slopes .................................... 656

583E—Whitecow-Warneke complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 398

584F—Whitecow-Whitecow, stony-Warneke

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 398

541D—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 391

541E—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 392

241E—Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcropPerma, stony, complex, 2 to 25 percent

slopes............................................................... 332

241F—Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcropPerma, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 333

1170E—Whitlash-Whitlash, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ........ 469

1750F—Whitore, bouldery-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 547

1752E—Whitore, stony-Helmville, boulderyFirada, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 548

1753E—Whitore, stony-Tropal, very stonyFirada, very stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 549

1751F—Whitore, very stony-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes .................................................. 548

1154F—Wilde, stony-Vigilante-Deville, very

stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ........... 466

1154E—Wilde-Deville-Vigilante complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes ............................................. 465

1152D—Wilspring-Devilfence complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 463

1152E—Wilspring-Devilfence-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ..................... 464

1153C—Wilspring-Quincreek-Devilfence

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......................... 464

425E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 374
44

1356E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, stony, moist ............................. 495

423C—Wimper loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......... 372

423D—Wimper loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes ....... 372

423E—Wimper loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 373

426F—Wimper-Whitlash association, 35 to

60 percent slopes ............................................. 375

424D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes ............................................. 373

424E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 374

1355D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes, warm .................................. 493

1355E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, warm ......................... 494

3064D—Windham channery loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 650

20C—Windham gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 274

20D—Windham gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes............................................................... 274

203D—Windham gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 324

203E—Windham gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ....................................... 324

205E—Windham very cobbly loam, 4 to 35

percent slopes, very stony................................ 326

205F—Windham very cobbly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony................................ 327

1341D—Windham very gravelly loam, 2 to 15

percent slopes, very stony................................ 490

20E—Windham very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 275

207E—Windham, stony-Lap, very stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ........ 328

207F—Windham, stony-Lap, very stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes ........ 328

204E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very stonyLap, very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes............................................................... 325

2084E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very stonyLap, very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes , warm .................................................... 595

204F—Windham, very stony-Maiden, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 326

201F—Windham, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes............................................................... 322

2081F—Windham, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes, warm .................................................... 594

202D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 323

202E—Windham-Judell complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 323

2082D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes, warm ....................................... 594

208D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8 to

25 percent slopes, stony .................................. 329

2088D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8 to

25 percent slopes, stony, warm ........................ 596

1343D—Windham-Judell very cobbly loams,

4 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ...................... 491

1342E—Windham-Lap very cobbly loams, 15

to 45 percent slopes, bouldery ......................... 491

204D—Windham-Maiden-Lap complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes .................................................. 324

201E—Windham-Rock outcrop-Lap, very

stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ............. 322

591F—Windham-Rock outcrop-Warneke

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ..................... 400

3664E—Windham-Whitecow-Lap channery

loams, 15 to 45 percent slopes ......................... 655

2086E—Windham-Windham, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, warm ......................... 595

206F—Windham-Windham, stony, complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes .................................... 327

1250C—Work cobbly clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, stony .................................................... 479

1250E—Work very cobbly clay loam, 8 to 25

percent slopes .................................................. 479

2582F—Worock, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ............. 640

2311F—Worock, stony-Cowood, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes............................................................... 618
45

2312F—Worock, stony-Elve, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........ 619

2583D—Worock, stony-Worock, very bouldery,

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ....................... 640

2581E—Worock, very bouldery-Elve, very

stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ........... 638

2582E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes ............ 639

2583F—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes .......... 641

2584E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, dry ... 642

2582D—Worock-Elve very cobbly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery, cool ...... 639

859C—Yetull loamy fine sand, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 433

858E—Yetull-Yetull, stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes .................................................. 433

1163F—Ymark, very bouldery-Elmark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes .................................................. 467

1162E—Yreka very cobbly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery .................................. 467

1161E—Yreka, bouldery-Hoyt, boulderyShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes ............................................. 466

1164F—Yreka-Brickner, stony, complex, 35

to 70 percent slopes ......................................... 468

221A—Zatony clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, wet ....................................................... 330

22C—Zatony clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes............................................................... 275

721E—Zbart-Bondoe-Brocko complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes ............................................. 414

72F—Zbart-Rock outcrop association, 25 to 70

percent slopes .................................................. 288

47

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights certain soil limitations.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters,

and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management

needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,

engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use,

select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper

performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,

wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help

them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the

survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in using this

publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Dave White

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

49

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.

The profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular

kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific

location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

Soil Survey of

Jefferson County Area and Part of

Silver Bow County, Montana

Fieldwork by Edward Brinken, Kenneth Drecksel, Thomas J. Keck, Byron Koepke,

Patrick E. McCain, and Donald E. Strom, Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, and the

Montana Agricultural Experiment Station
50 Soil Survey of

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area may not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, or variations in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas.

General Nature of the Survey Area

The survey area is in southwestern Montana

(fig. 1). It consists of all land in Jefferson County,

except for Federal land within the Deer Lodge and

Helena National Forests, and approximately 11,200

acres of Silver Bow County. The survey area makes

up 603,500 acres, or about 941 square miles.

Whitehall is the county seat of Jefferson County.

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology

Jennifer Kouba, student trainee—geologist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, prepared this section.

Physiography

The survey area lies within the Northern Rocky

Mountain Province and the Rocky Mountain FoldThrust Belt. It includes slightly more than half of

Jefferson County and a small portion of southeastern

Silver Bow County.

The Continental Divide, which forms much of the

western border of Jefferson County, crosses through

the Boulder Range. The Boulder Mountains are mainly

in areas of national forest and are not included in the

survey area. The same is true of the Elkhorn

Mountains, which are in northeastern Jefferson

County, and most of the smaller Dry Mountain Range

in southwestern Jefferson County. The Bull Mountain

Range in south-central Jefferson County, Toll Mountain

in the southwestern part of the county, and Doherty

Mountain in the southeastern

part are included in the survey area.

In general, the mountains of Jefferson County are

not very steep or rugged and the intermountain

valleys tend to be broad. Relatively narrow canyons

are along the upper Boulder River and some minor

creeks. The Jefferson River Canyon is also relatively

narrow.

Elevation in the survey area ranges from 3,940 feet

(1,200 meters) at the point where Prickly Pear Creek

leaves Jefferson County to 8,609 feet (2,624 meters)

at the peak of Bull Mountain. The highest point in

Jefferson County, 9,416 feet (2,870 meters), is Crow

Peak in the Elkhorn Mountains.

Figure 1.—Location of the survey area in Montana.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 51

Drainage

The Jefferson River forms most of the southern

border of Jefferson County and provides drainage for

most of the county. The main tributary of the Jefferson

River in Jefferson County is the Boulder River. This

river and its tributaries drain about half of the county.

Other tributaries of the Jefferson River include

Whitetail and Pipestone Creeks in southwestern

Jefferson County and Fish Creek and Lower Cherry

Creek in Silver Bow County. A few miles to the east of

the survey area, the Jefferson River joins the Madison

and Gallatin Rivers to form the Missouri Headwaters

at Three Forks.

The northeastern part of the county is drained

primarily by Prickly Pear Creek, which flows into the

Missouri River several miles north of the Jefferson

County border. A few smaller creeks drain the eastern

Elkhorn Mountains and flow into the Missouri River

east of Jefferson County.

The Continental Divide lies between the Missouri

and Snake River systems.

Geologic History

During the early geologic history of the survey area,

sedimentary rocks were deposited in marine and

brackish water environments. Periods of deposition

alternated with periods of erosion as sea levels

changed. Shale was deposited in low-energy, deepwater environments; limestone formed in warm,

shallow water; and sandstone was deposited in beach

and near-shore environments. These sedimentary

rocks occur as outcrops in southeastern Jefferson

County along the Jefferson River and northeast of

Whitehall, south of the Elkhorn Mountains along the

eastern border, and near Prickly Pear Creek along the

northern border.

The alternating deposition and erosion of

sedimentary rocks began approximately 1.5 billion

years ago and was the primary geologic event

affecting this region until about 90 million years ago,

when the ancestral Rocky Mountains began to form.

Magmatic intrusion and compressive folding and

faulting, initiated by tectonic plate subduction along

the west coast, continued until about 70 million years

ago.

A long period of erosion followed the formation of

the ancestral Rocky Mountains. The second period of

tectonism in the Rocky Mountains began

approximately 50 million years ago, when the

mountains were uplifted by block faulting and volcanic

activity resumed. Several rivers, including the

Jefferson River, are believed to have flowed south

prior to this period of uplift. Uplift of the mountains

disrupted the courses of the rivers, causing the

formation of closed lake basins in which large

amounts of sediment were subsequently deposited.

Eventually lake levels rose enough for outlet streams

to develop. Jefferson Canyon was probably eroded by

the outlet stream of such a lake.

Alpine glaciation further shaped the Elkhorn

Mountains, the northern Boulder Mountains, and Bull

Mountain. Seismic activity and erosion continue to

affect the survey area.

Geologic Units

Surficial geologic units in the survey area range in

age from Precambrian to Recent. The most prevalent

rock units are the Boulder batholith, the Elkhorn

Mountain volcanics, and the Tertiary sediments.

The geologic units are described, from oldest to

youngest, in the following paragraphs. Rock units are

classified as formations based on lithology and

stratigraphic position, which may be subdivided into

members or combined in groups or supergroups.

Where outcrops are small and formations are difficult

to differentiate in the field, rocks are mapped only on

the basis of age.

Precambrian Era (4,500 to 570 million years

ago).—Formations of the lower Belt supergroup were

deposited in a shallow sea that covered much of

western Montana.

The pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerates of

the LaHood Formation are the most striking of the Belt

outcrops. The depositional environment of this

formation is believed to be a submarine fan complex.

The boulders of schist, gneiss, and marble were

derived from pre-Belt rocks in a highland area. Fine

grained marine deposits are also present in the

formation. The LaHood type section can be observed

in Jefferson Canyon near LaHood Park.

Other Belt formations exposed in the survey area

include the Greyson, Spokane, and Empire

Formations, which are composed primarily of marine

shale.

Paleozoic Era (570 to 240 million years ago).—

Sedimentary rocks deposited during the Cambrian

(570 to 500 million years ago), Devonian (410 to 360

million years ago), Mississippian (360 to 330 million

years ago), Pennsylvanian (330 to 290 million years

ago), and Permian (290 to 240 million years ago)

Periods outcrop in the survey area but are not

differentiated into formations. Rock types within these

units include limestone, dolomite, shale, sandstone,

quartzite, chert, and rock phosphate. The white cliffs
52 Soil Survey of

of Doherty Mountain in southeastern Jefferson County

are composed of Cambrian limestone.

The Mississippian rocks, which are primarily

limestone, have the largest outcrop area of the

Paleozoic units. Limestone is resistant to erosion in

dry climates and commonly forms cliffs or steep side

slopes. These outcrops are visible east of the Boulder

River valley and at Lewis and Clark Caverns State

Park.

As seas repeatedly withdrew from and returned to

the area, the sediments making up the Paleozoic units

were deposited. Western Montana was a land area

undergoing erosion during most of the Ordovician and

Silurian Periods (500 to 410 million years ago);

therefore, there are no geologic units of the Paleozoic

age in the survey area.

Mesozoic Era (240 to 66 million years ago).—

During the Triassic Period (240 to 205 million years

ago), most of Montana was an elevated land surface

undergoing erosion. No rocks were deposited in the

survey area during this time.

During the Jurassic Period (205 to 138 million years

ago), sedimentary rocks were deposited in a sea that

covered most of Montana and, later, on the coastal

plain that formed as the sea withdrew. These rocks are

not differentiated into formations. Rock types include

sandstone, shale, and metamorphosed limestone.

The Kootenai Formation, consisting mainly of shale

and sandstone, has small outcrops in the

southeastern and northern parts of the survey area.

The sandstone is a land-laid deposit, and the shale

was deposited in a large freshwater lake. The

Colorado Group, which is primarily shale deposited in

marine areas, outcrops only in the southeastern part

of the survey area. These formations were deposited

early in the Cretaceous Period (138 to 66 million years

ago).

The Elkhorn Mountain volcanics are exposed on

Bull Mountain, the hills in southeastern Jefferson

County, the Elkhorn Mountains, and the western

Boulder Mountains. The rocks are most commonly fine

grained, gray to greenish andesites that frequently

weather to form talus slopes. The Elkhorn Mountain

volcanics have the same chemical composition as the

intrusive granitic rocks of the Boulder batholith and are

believed to have the same magmatic source (Alt and

Hyndman, 1991). The magma that formed the

batholith probably contained very little steam, and thus

some of it was allowed to rise to the surface while

molten. This magma then erupted at the surface to

form the extrusive Elkhorn Mountain volcanics that

cover the batholith and neighboring sedimentary units.

The Boulder batholith, a large intrusive igneous

body, is exposed in most of western and northern

Jefferson County and in most of the part of Silver Bow

County that is included in the survey area. The rocks

of the Boulder batholith are mainly light gray, coarse

grained granitic rocks classified as quartz monzonite.

These rocks crystallized at relatively shallow depths

beneath the Elkhorn Mountain volcanics and were

later exposed at the surface when erosion removed

the overlying volcanics. The estimated age of the

Boulder batholith and Elkhorn Mountain volcanics is

between 70 and 80 million years.

Other small igneous rock units of Cretaceous age

also occur in the survey area. Diorite sills that intruded

into older shale formations are mapped in the foothills

south of the Elkhorn Mountains. The Easter Lily and

Ringing Rocks granitic stocks outcrop on the south

side of Dry Mountain. Both are composed largely of

quartz monzonite, but the Ringing Rocks stock also

contains mafic monzonite along its southern and

western margins. The namesake of the stock is

located on the south side, where the mafic monzonite

has weathered into a large pile of rust-colored

boulders that ring when struck with a hammer.

Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago to present).—

Early in the Tertiary Period (66 to 1.5 million years

ago), a long period of erosion removed much of the

Elkhorn Mountain volcanics. The Lowland Creek

volcanics, composed primarily of quartz latite, were

erupted during the Oligocene Epoch (38 to 24 million

years ago). Rhyolitic volcanics were erupted after the

Lowland Creek volcanics. Both units are exposed

within the survey area, in north-central Jefferson

County. Larger exposures are outside the survey area,

in the Boulder Mountains west of the town of Basin.

Tertiary basin-fill sediments, eroded from adjacent

mountains, cover a large portion of southern Jefferson

County, including most of the Little Whitetail, Boulder,

and Jefferson River valleys. The sediments are known

as the Bozeman Group and are divided into two

formations. The Renova Formation, the lower unit of

the Bozeman Group, consists primarily of alternating

beds of limestone, mudstone, siltstone, and fine

sandstone deposited during the Oligocene Epoch. The

formation has a maximum thickness of approximately

3,500 feet (1,070 meters) in the Jefferson River valley.

Deposition of the Renova Formation was followed

by a period of erosion, which continued into the

Miocene Epoch (24 to 5 million years ago). The

climate was dry during the deposition of the Renova

Formation but was tropical during the subsequent

erosional period. A red paleosol (buried soil) that rests

on top of the Renova Formation is evidence of this

climatic change.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 53

The climate became arid in the late Miocene and

Pliocene (5 to 1.6 million years ago) Epochs, and the

Sixmile Creek Formation was deposited. This

formation is the upper unit of the Bozeman Group. It

consists mainly of medium or coarse grained sand,

fine or medium grained sandstone, sandy siltstone,

and marl. Deposition of the Sixmile Creek Formation

was also followed by a period of erosion. The

formation has a maximum thickness of about 2,500

feet (760 meters) in the Jefferson River valley.

Glacial deposits include till and outwash typically

composed of coarse boulders derived from intrusive

and volcanic rocks. The deposits are associated with

episodes of alpine glaciation that occurred in the

Elkhorn Mountains, the northern Boulder Mountains,

and on Bull Mountain during the Pleistocene Epoch

(1.6 to 0.01 million years ago).

Recent deposits (less than 10,000 years old)

include travertine, associated with hot springs, and

alluvium along Little Whitetail Creek, the Boulder

River, and the Jefferson River. The alluvium of the

Boulder River is as much as 100 feet (30 meters) in

thickness.

Soil Parent Materials

Caves

Carbonate rocks, particularly limestone, are

dissolved by ground water to form most caves at or

beneath the water table. Speleothems, which include

stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone, and globulites

(cave popcorn), are formed after the water table has

fallen and the cave has become filled with air. As

ground water from the unsaturated zone drips, flows,

or seeps from cave walls, dissolved minerals (most

commonly calcite) precipitate and are deposited to

form the speleothems. The growth rate of stalactites

has been estimated to be 1 to 4 millimeters per year.

There are six known caves in the survey area

(Campbell, 1978). Lewis and Clark Caverns is the

most extensive and is the only cave in Montana with

regularly scheduled guided tours. The cavern has a

total passage length of 4,832 feet (1,473 meters) and

contains abundant, well developed speleothems. The

other caves range in total passage length from 50 to

370 feet (15 to 113 meters).

Lewis and Clark Caverns formed in the Mission

Canyon Formation of the Mississippian-age Madison

Group. The steep passages formed along bedding

planes that are dipping steeply in this area. The

relatively horizontal passages correspond with joint

planes that crossed the bedding. Four different cave

levels have been recognized, each associated with the

declining water table that accompanied the lowering

stream level during the downcutting of Jefferson

Canyon.

The Madison Group also houses three of the other

caves, none of which contains any speleothems. A

Recent travertine deposit has a one-room cave that

once contained pictographs and other artifacts. The

Cambrian-age Meagher Limestone houses one known

cave that contains speleothems.

Mineral and Ground-Water Resources

The primary minerals that have been produced in

the survey area are gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc.

Several other minerals have been produced in small

quantities. Mineralization is most commonly

associated with the Boulder batholith and other

igneous intrusions.

Numerous placer and lode mines have operated in

the survey area since the mid-1800’s. As of 1958, the

total production had been estimated at $100,000,000

(Roby and others, 1960). Prickly Pear Creek was the

most productive placer deposit in the survey area.

Currently, two open pit mines are operating in the

survey area. The Golden Sunlight Mine, on the

southeast flank of Bull Mountain, produces gold and

silver from a Cretaceous breccia pipe. The Montana

Tunnels Mine, in the Wickes mining district, produces

lead, zinc, gold, and silver from a Tertiary breccia

pipe.

Nonmetallic mineral deposits in the survey area

include calcite, gypsum, silica, garnet, amethyst, and

sapphire. Limestone was quarried for use in smelters

at Butte up until 1925. Building stone, including the

granite used in the wings of the State Capitol, has

been quarried in the survey area. Also, potters in

Basin and Cardwell obtain clay from local sources.

The geologic units most commonly used as

aquifers in the survey area are Recent alluvium,

Tertiary sediments, and fractured zones in the Boulder

batholith. As of July 1993, 2,022 water wells in the

survey area were registered with the Montana Bureau

of Mines and Geology. The majority of these wells

yield less than 50 gallons per minute (189 liters per

minute). Only 39 of the wells yield more than 50

gallons per minute. Of these, 22 yield more than 500

gallons per minute (1,890 liters per minute) and 8 yield

more than 1,000 gallons per minute (3,785 liters per

minute). The purpose for which each well was used
54 Soil Survey of

(as of July 1993) is tabulated below. Since many of the

wells have multiple uses (typically domestic and

stockwater uses), the sum of the tabulated uses

exceeds the total number of wells.

Total wells ......................................................... 2,115

Domestic .......................................................... 1,564

Stockwater........................................................... 279

Irrigation ................................................................ 88

Public water supply ............................................... 50

Monitoring ............................................................. 34

Industrial ................................................................ 31

Unused .................................................................. 21

Commercial ........................................................... 20

Other ..................................................................... 10

Recreation ............................................................... 9

Institutional/schools ................................................. 5

Not reported ............................................................ 4

Geothermal Resources

Known geothermal resources in the survey area

include the Boulder, Alhambra, Pipestone, and

Renova Hot Springs. Boulder Hot Springs, with an

average spring temperature of 76 degrees C and a

yield of 1,900 liters per minute, is one of the best

geothermal resources in Montana.

Seismicity

The survey area is located within the northern

Intermountain Seismic Belt. Shallow earthquakes and

earthquake swarms typify this region. Seismic data

collected by the Earthquake Studies Office of the

Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology lists 836

earthquakes recorded in the survey area between

1982 and 1992; however, only 19 of the earthquakes

had a magnitude of more than 2.5 on the Richter

scale. Thirteen of these earthquakes were centered in

the vicinity of Boulder. The earthquakes of largest

magnitude during this period occurred in July and

October of 1986 and were 3.5 on the Richter scale.

Both earthquakes were centered near Boulder.

Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.0 or less are

known as microearthquakes. They are commonly felt

and recorded only on local seismographs. It is unusual

for earthquakes with a magnitude of less than 4.5 to

cause any significant damage.

Climate

The tables at the end of this section show climate

data for the survey area as recorded during various

periods at several reporting stations. The tables show

data on temperature and precipitation, probable dates

of the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring,

and length of the growing season.

Growing degree days are shown in the temperature

and precipitation table. They are equivalent to “heat

units.” During the month, growing degree days

accumulate by the amount the average temperature

each day exceeds a base temperature (40 degrees F).

The normal monthly accumulation is used to schedule

single or successive plantings of a crop between the

last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 55

Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-1994 at Boulder, 1961-1967 at Whitehall, 1968-1977 at Whitehall Aviation, and

 1978-1990 at Cardwell)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BOULDER: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 33.7 | 9.3 | 21.5 | 55 | -29 | 3 | 0.55 | 0.19| 0.85| 1 | 8.0

 February---| 39.3 | 14.5 | 26.9 | 60 | -24 | 8 | .33 | .11| .51| 1 | 3.3

 March------| 45.5 | 19.8 | 32.6 | 66 | -13 | 29 | .58 | .34| .79| 2 | 5.0

 April------| 55.1 | 27.1 | 41.1 | 78 | 6 | 116 | .82 | .40| 1.18| 2 | 4.2

 May--------| 64.7 | 35.3 | 50.0 | 85 | 20 | 315 | 1.88 | 1.00| 2.66| 5 | .4

 June-------| 73.6 | 42.9 | 58.2 | 91 | 28 | 545 | 2.04 | 1.02| 2.93| 6 | .0

 July-------| 82.2 | 47.7 | 65.0 | 95 | 34 | 771 | 1.46 | .64| 2.17| 4 | .0

 August-----| 81.8 | 46.1 | 63.9 | 95 | 30 | 735 | 1.33 | .54| 2.01| 3 | .0

 September--| 70.6 | 36.6 | 53.6 | 89 | 17 | 414 | 1.13 | .42| 1.73| 3 | .0

 October----| 59.7 | 27.9 | 43.8 | 80 | 4 | 183 | .59 | .16| .93| 1 | .3

 November---| 42.4 | 18.2 | 30.3 | 64 | -15 | 22 | .54 | .22| .80| 1 | 4.8

 December---| 34.5 | 10.7 | 22.6 | 55 | -28 | 4 | .49 | .20| .73| 1 | 6.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 56.9 | 28.0 | 42.5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 100 | -42 | --- | 96 | -34 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,144 | 11.74 | 9.14| 13.79| 30 | 32.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WHITEHALL: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 36.9 | 15.3 | 26.1 | 55 | -21 | 8 | 0.29 | 0.23| 0.45| 1 | 3.0

 February---| 44.2 | 21.5 | 32.8 | 63 | -10 | 28 | .21 | .06| .33| 0 | 1.6

 March------| 47.4 | 20.2 | 33.8 | 72 | -9 | 53 | .54 | .30| .75| 1 | 6.2

 April------| 57.6 | 29.2 | 43.4 | 80 | 12 | 169 | .79 | .29| 1.20| 2 | 4.2

 May--------| 68.6 | 37.6 | 53.1 | 88 | 21 | 410 | 1.58 | 1.32| 1.84| 5 | 1.1

 June-------| 75.2 | 45.1 | 60.2 | 92 | 30 | 616 | 2.47 | 1.34| 3.47| 8 | .0

 July-------| 85.8 | 48.4 | 67.1 | 96 | 38 | 819 | .96 | .41| 1.43| 3 | .0

 August-----| 83.6 | 46.4 | 65.0 | 97 | 33 | 768 | 1.07 | .24| 1.73| 2 | .0

 September--| 71.6 | 39.1 | 55.4 | 91 | 20 | 439 | 1.04 | .32| 1.62| 3 | .1

 October----| 64.1 | 32.4 | 48.3 | 82 | 15 | 283 | .82 | .30| 1.25| 2 | .9

 November---| 47.3 | 23.4 | 35.4 | 68 | -1 | 46 | .43 | .14| .67| 1 | 2.6

 December---| 37.7 | 18.1 | 27.9 | 56 | -22 | 11 | .27 | .13| .39| 0 | 3.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 60.0 | 31.4 | 45.7 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 100 | -30 | --- | 98 | -27 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,650 | 10.48 | 8.82| 11.99| 28 | 23.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
56 Soil Survey of

Temperature and Precipitation--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

WHITEHALL | | | | | | | | | | |

 AVIATION: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 34.5 | 10.9 | 22.7 | 58 | -35 | 18 | 0.44 | 0.17| 0.66| 1 | 6.9

 February---| 43.0 | 16.1 | 29.6 | 61 | -22 | 14 | .17 | .06| .28| 0 | 2.5

 March------| 47.4 | 20.6 | 34.0 | 69 | -14 | 46 | .60 | .31| .85| 2 | 4.5

 April------| 57.4 | 27.3 | 42.3 | 79 | 7 | 118 | .90 | .33| 1.38| 2 | 2.2

 May--------| 67.7 | 35.5 | 51.6 | 87 | 19 | 363 | 1.65 | 1.13| 2.12| 5 | .3

 June-------| 76.8 | 43.4 | 60.1 | 94 | 30 | 591 | 2.00 | .65| 3.10| 5 | .0

 July-------| 85.5 | 46.9 | 66.2 | 97 | 33 | 803 | 1.17 | .46| 1.77| 3 | .0

 August-----| 83.8 | 44.6 | 64.2 | 97 | 30 | 755 | 1.22 | .73| 1.65| 3 | .0

 September--| 72.0 | 35.0 | 53.5 | 90 | 20 | 404 | 1.45 | .71| 2.09| 4 | .4

 October----| 59.5 | 27.4 | 43.5 | 82 | 4 | 160 | .90 | .44| 1.30| 3 | 1.1

 November---| 45.7 | 21.1 | 33.4 | 65 | -12 | 29 | .55 | .39| .81| 1 | 1.8

 December---| 37.4 | 14.8 | 26.1 | 59 | -24 | 12 | .28 | .18| .43| 0 | 2.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 59.2 | 28.6 | 43.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 100 | -40 | --- | 98 | -36 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,312 | 11.31 | 9.44| 13.10| 29 | 22.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CARDWELL: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 37.4 | 12.5 | 24.9 | 59 | -26 | 13 | 0.43 | 0.17| 0.80| 1 | 3.2

 February---| 41.9 | 15.2 | 28.5 | 66 | -26 | 23 | .42 | .20| .69| 2 | 3.3

 March------| 50.8 | 23.4 | 37.1 | 71 | -11 | 53 | 1.17 | .81| 1.50| 5 | 7.9

 April------| 61.2 | 29.2 | 45.2 | 84 | 7 | 195 | 1.29 | .63| 1.85| 4 | 1.3

 May--------| 68.5 | 37.2 | 52.9 | 90 | 21 | 400 | 2.53 | 1.29| 3.61| 7 | .0

 June-------| 78.7 | 43.9 | 61.3 | 96 | 29 | 637 | 1.84 | 1.13| 2.47| 6 | .0

 July-------| 86.2 | 48.3 | 67.3 | 98 | 36 | 843 | 1.32 | .59| 1.94| 4 | .0

 August-----| 84.6 | 45.6 | 65.1 | 97 | 33 | 775 | 1.22 | .52| 1.81| 3 | .0

 September--| 73.5 | 37.0 | 55.3 | 92 | 19 | 451 | 1.60 | .53| 2.48| 4 | .5

 October----| 63.2 | 28.7 | 46.0 | 82 | 8 | 215 | .70 | .34| 1.11| 2 | .8

 November---| 45.4 | 20.4 | 32.9 | 69 | -14 | 48 | .54 | .21| .81| 2 | 4.3

 December---| 36.3 | 11.8 | 24.0 | 60 | -27 | 14 | .41 | .15| .63| 1 | 4.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 60.6 | 29.4 | 45.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 101 | -40 | --- | 100 | -34 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,667 | 13.46 | 11.27| 15.06| 41 | 25.2

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 57

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-1994 at Boulder and 1968-1977

 at Whitehall Aviation)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

BOULDER: | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 23 | June 11 | June 27

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 17 | June 5 | June 21

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 5 | May 24 | June 10

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 5 | Aug. 31 | Aug. 23

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 11 | Sept. 5 | Aug. 27

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 21 | Sept. 15 | Sept. 5

 | | |

WHITEHALL | | |

 AVIATION: | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 18 | May 30 | July 6

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 13 | May 26 | June 29

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 3 | May 18 | June 16

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 10 | Sept. 4 | Aug. 24

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 14 | Sept. 7 | Aug. 27

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 22 | Sept. 12 | Sept. 1

 | | | _____________________________________________________________
58

Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-1994 at Boulder,

 1960-1967 at Whitehall, 1968-1977 at

 Whitehall Aviation, and 1978-1990 at

 Cardwell)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 

oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

BOULDER: | | |

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 115 | 89 | 66

8 years in 10 | 123 | 98 | 73

5 years in 10 | 139 | 114 | 87

2 years in 10 | 155 | 130 | 100

1 year in 10 | 163 | 138 | 107

 | | |

WHITEHALL: | | |

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 123 | 97 | 74

8 years in 10 | 132 | 108 | 85

5 years in 10 | 149 | 129 | 106

2 years in 10 | 166 | 150 | 127

1 year in 10 | 175 | 161 | 138

 | | |

WHITEHALL | | |

 AVIATION: | | |

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 118 | 105 | 53

8 years in 10 | 126 | 109 | 61

5 years in 10 | 141 | 116 | 76

2 years in 10 | 157 | 124 | 92

1 year in 10 | 165 | 127 | 100

 | | |

CARDWELL: | | |

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 124 | 101 | 62

8 years in 10 | 133 | 110 | 73

5 years in 10 | 151 | 126 | 92

2 years in 10 | 169 | 142 | 112

1 year in 10 | 179 | 151 | 123

 | | | __________________________________________________
59

This section relates the soils in the survey area to

the major factors of soil formation and describes the

system of soil classification. The classification and

extent of the soils in the survey area are shown in the

tables “Classification of the Soils” and “Acreage and

Proportionate Extent of the Soils” at the end of this

section.

Factors of Soil Formation

Soil is a natural, three-dimensional body on the

earth’s surface. Soil has properties that result from the

integrated effect of climate and living matter acting on

earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief over a

period of time.

Although there are many different soils, each soil is

the result of the interaction of the same five major

factors of soil formation. These factors are the physical

and chemical composition of the parent material, the

effect of climate on the parent material, the kinds of

plants and the organisms living in the soil, the relief of

the land, and the length of time that was needed for

the soil to form.

Within short distances, the combinations of these

factors vary; consequently, the soils that form differ in

fertility, productivity, and physical and chemical

characteristics. In the following paragraphs, the factors

of soil formation are described as they relate to the

soils in the survey area.

Climate

Climate, an active force in the formation of soils, is

determined mainly by temperature and precipitation.

Soils form in rocks that have been broken into suitable

materials by erosion and by alternate periods of

freezing and thawing. This weathered material is

further broken down by chemical reactions, such as

solution and hydration.

Precipitation and temperature affect the kind and

amount of vegetation that grows on the soil. Vegetation

decays and produces organic matter in the soil. Soils

that are subject to cool temperatures and high

precipitation generally contain more organic matter

and have darker colors than soils in areas of warm

temperatures and low precipitation.

Living Organisms

Living organisms are active in the formation of soils.

Organic matter, which is produced when plants and

animals decay, is the main source for the dark surface

layer of a soil. Fungi and algae contribute to the

decomposition of rock. As rocks decompose, grasses,

shrubs, and trees are able to grow and support animal

life.

The kinds of plants and animals that occur largely

determine the kinds and amounts of organic material

added to the soil and how this material is incorporated

with the mineral parts of the soil. Roots, rodents, and

insects penetrate the soil and influence its structure.

Leaves, roots, and whole plants remain on the surface

or in the surface layer of the soil, where they are

changed to humus by micro-organisms, chemicals in

the soil, and insects.

The vegetation in this survey area consists mainly

of trees, shrubs, and short and mid grasses. Common

rodents are gophers, badgers, and rabbits. Pebbles

and stones on the surface of terraces and in many

other areas were dug up by burrowing rodents.

Topography

Topography, or relief, is mainly determined by the

age of geologic formations and their resistance to

erosion by water and wind. In the eroded uplands of

the survey area, runoff water has carved deep valleys

with many branches into the original bedrock. This

rugged relief contrasts sharply with the smooth, low

relief of alluvial fans, stream terraces, and the flood

plains of river valleys.

In the uplands, the number and distinctness of soil

horizons decrease as the slope increases. Steep soils

that have a rapid runoff rate have many characteristics

similar to those of soils forming in arid climates. Nearly

level to moderately sloping soils have the

characteristics that are typical for this survey area.

Cabbart soils, for example, are mostly moderately

Formation and Classification of the Soils
60 Soil Survey of

steep or steep. These soils do not have a B horizon.

Varney soils, however, which are nearly level to

moderately sloping, do have a B horizon.

Parent Material

The soils in this survey area formed in a wide

variety of parent materials. Some soils formed in

alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Other soils

formed in material weathered from sandstone, shale,

limestone, or igneous rocks. Soils that formed in

material weathered mainly from sandstone, such as

Lahood soils, are sandy because sand is the basic

constituent of sandstone. Soils that formed in material

weathered from shale, such as Abor soils, are clayey

because clay is the basic constituent of shale. Soils

that formed in mixed alluvium derived from sandstone

and shale, such as Havre soils, are loamy. Soils that

formed in material weathered from limestone, such as

Windham soils, have a high content of lime. Soils that

formed in material weathered from igneous rocks,

such as Blaincreek soils, are generally loamy and

have a high content of rock fragments.

Time

Change taking place in soils over a long period of

time is called soil genesis. The length of time that

parent materials have been in place and exposed to

climate and living organisms is generally reflected in

the degree to which the soil profile has developed. The

changes that occur over time give the soil distinct

horizons, or layers, by which it can be recognized. The

kind and arrangement of these horizons is called soil

morphology. Soil morphology is described in terms of

color, texture, structure, consistence, thickness,

permeability, and chemistry.

Soils are classified as young to mature. The age of

a soil is determined from the thickness of the A

horizon, the content of organic matter, the content of

clay, the depth to which soluble material has been

leached, and the form and distribution of calcium

carbonate and gypsum in the soil.

Havre loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is classified as

an Entisol. This soil is a young soil that occurs on flood

plains adjacent to streams. It contains little organic

matter and has no accumulation of clay. Little

translocation of carbonates has occurred to form a Bt

or Bk horizon.

Varney soils formed in parent material similar to but

much older than that in which the Havre soil formed.

Varney soils formed in alluvium and are on alluvial

fans and stream terraces. They are mature soils and

are classified as Mollisols. They contain enough

organic matter to have a moderately dark A horizon.

They have a distinct accumulation of clay in the Bt

horizon, and nearly all of the carbonates have been

leached to a depth below about 12 inches.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the

broadest, these categories are the order, suborder,

great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. The classification of the

soils in the survey area is shown in the table at the

end of this section. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Ustoll

(Ust, meaning burnt, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Argiustoll (Argi, meaning having an argillic

horizon, or clay accumulation, plus ustoll, the suborder

of the Mollisols that have a dry climate).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. An example is Calcidic Argiustolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 61

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil

temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A

family name consists of the name of a subgroup

preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

Calcidic Argiustolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series or family recognized

in the survey area is described. The word “family”

indicates that the soils were mapped at the family

level. For ease of communication, a series name is

assigned to each major soil mapped at the family level.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it

formed are identified for each series or family. A

pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, that is

typical of the series or family in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are described

in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and in

“Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998).

Unless otherwise indicated, matrix colors in the

descriptions are for dry soil. Following the pedon

description is the range of important characteristics of

the soils in the series or family.

Abor Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Very slow (less than 0.06 inch per hour)

Landform: Hills, knolls, and ridges

Parent material: Clayey alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale interbedded

with thin layers of semiconsolidated siltstone

Slope range: 4 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,100 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid

Leptic Udic Haplusterts

Typical Pedon

Abor clay, in an area of Delpoint-Abor complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,850 feet south and 200

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 2 N., R.

1 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine

and very fine granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bss1—6 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silty clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong medium

prismatic structure parting to strong medium

subangular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and very

plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine

and very fine tubular pores; common intersecting

slickensides; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bss2—14 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very

plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine

and very fine tubular pores; common intersecting

slickensides; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bky—18 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) shaly

silty clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; common very fine roots; 20 percent

semiconsolidated shale fragments; disseminated

lime, common distinct lime crusts on channers;

common seams and masses of gypsum; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Cr—26 to 60 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2),

semiconsolidated shale that rubs to clay or silty

clay.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bky horizon: 12 to 20 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

Ap horizon:

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—40 to 50 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 3 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles
62 Soil Survey of

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bss horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay or clay

Clay content—40 to 60 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Other features—common or many slickensides

Bky horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, or clay loam

Clay content—40 to 60 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

semiconsolidated shale fragments

Content of gypsum—1 to 5 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Absarook Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Uplands, hills, and ridges

Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, or residuum

derived from hard sandstone or fine grained

igneous bedrock

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Absarook loam, in an area of Absarook-Beenom

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland, 800

feet south and 2,000 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 18, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; 5

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—5 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to strong fine angular blocky; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine

tubular pores; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and gravel

surfaces; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—13 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common

fine and many very fine roots; common fine and

very fine tubular pores; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds and gravel surfaces; 10 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk—25 to 32 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) clay loam,

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine

and common very fine roots; common very fine

tubular pores; 10 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, few fine masses of lime, many distinct lime

casts on pebbles; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

R—32 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2),

hard, fractured sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 4 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 25 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—20 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 63

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Absay Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Very slow (less than 0.06 inch per hour)

Landform: Stream terraces and alluvial fans

Parent material: Saline/sodic alluvium derived from

shale or siltstone

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

frigid Aridic Leptic Natrustalfs

Typical Pedon

Absay silty clay loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,000 feet north and 1,875 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 12, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

E—0 to 2 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty

clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

strong medium and fine angular blocky structure;

hard, very firm, moderately sticky and very plastic;

common very fine roots; common very fine pores;

strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH

9.4); abrupt smooth boundary.

Btz—2 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; strong

coarse angular blocky structure; hard, very firm,

moderately sticky and very plastic; common very

fine roots; common very fine pores; common

distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine

threads and masses of salt; strongly effervescent;

very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); gradual irregular

boundary.

Btkz—11 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

silty clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

hard, firm, moderately sticky and very plastic; few

very fine roots; common very fine pores; common

faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine masses

of lime; many fine threads and masses of salts;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bkz—15 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty

clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive;

hard, firm, moderately sticky and very plastic; few

very fine roots; common very fine pores;

disseminated lime, few fine masses of lime; many

medium masses and common fine threads of salt;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 2 to 7 inches

Depth to Btkz horizon: 11 to 20 inches

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.5

Btz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Clay content—35 to 50 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 40

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.5

Btkz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Clay content—30 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—16 to 32 mmhos/cm
64 Soil Survey of

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 40

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.5

Bkz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty

clay

Clay content—25 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—16 to 32 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—5 to 25

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Adel Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone and igneous rock

Slope range: 1 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Pachic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Adel loam, in an area of Adel-Libeg complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony, in rangeland, 1,950 feet east

and 850 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T.

5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

fine and very fine roots; many very fine pores; 10

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw1—9 to 20 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 20 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—20 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine

pores; 25 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual irregular boundary.

C—32 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; 35 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 37 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Value—2, 3, or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Amesha Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 65

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, hills, and sedimentary plains

Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, and Tertiary

valley fill material

Slope range: 0 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Amesha loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland,

1,600 feet west and 1,300 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 34, T. 2 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine

and medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots; 10 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH

7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown

(10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many very fine and fine tubular and

interstitial pores; 10 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine threads and masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on undersides of

pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—9 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium and

coarse prismatic structure parting to strong

medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and fine and few medium roots;

many very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine threads

and masses of lime, many distinct lime coatings

on undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk3—22 to 34 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;

many very fine and fine tubular pores; 15 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, many fine threads

and masses of lime, many distinct lime coatings

on fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—34 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine

tubular pores; 25 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, many fine threads and masses of lime, many

distinct lime coatings on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 4 to 8 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 35 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4
66 Soil Survey of

Anamac Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, and hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Anamac loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in cropland, 50

feet north and 2,190 feet east of the southwest corner

of sec. 34, T. 2 N., R. 4 W.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong

fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and few fine roots; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—4 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many very fine, common fine, and few

medium pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear

smooth boundary.

Bk1—12 to 18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and few fine roots; many very fine, common

fine, and few medium tubular pores; 5 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine masses of

lime, common distinct lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk2—18 to 31 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine and common fine pores; 5

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine

masses and threads of lime, common distinct lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—31 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and few coarse roots; many

very fine pores; 5 percent pebbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 24 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30 (saline phase)

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—16 to 40 mmhos/cm

(saline phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 40 (saline phase)

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 67

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—8 to 25 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 40 (saline phase)

BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0; pH 7.9 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 20 (saline phase)

Arrowpeak Family

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Upper side slopes and ridges of mountains

Parent material: Residuum or colluvium derived from

fine grained igneous rocks

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Arrowpeak very cobbly loam, in an area of Sebud,

stony-Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes, in rangeland, 850 feet north

and 500 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 13, T.

3 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

fine and very fine and few medium roots; 20

percent angular pebbles and 20 percent

angular cobbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—8 to 12 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) very cobbly

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine and few

medium roots; many very fine pores; 20 percent

angular pebbles and 30 percent angular cobbles;

neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

BC—12 to 18 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 20

percent angular pebbles and 40 percent angular

cobbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

R—18 inches; hard, fractured fine grained igneous

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

20 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (10

to 25 percent pebbles or channers, 5 to 30

percent cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—40 to 80 percent (20

to 30 percent pebbles, 20 to 45 percent

cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—40 to 80 percent (20

to 30 percent pebbles, 20 to 45 percent

cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Ashbray Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
68 Soil Survey of

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Upper side slopes of hills and escarpments

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,500 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Lithic Ustorthents

Typical Pedon

Ashbray gravelly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Ashbray, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Kellygulch, very stony,

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes; in a forested area,

1,900 feet north and 2,175 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 17, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and common

fine pores; 30 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.8); clear smooth boundary.

C—4 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; 50

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Cr—14 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—17 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 8 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

30 percent

A horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

C horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Attewan Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Stream terraces and plains

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic

Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Attewan cobbly loam, in an area of Attewan-Nippt

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture, 1,800 feet

south and 1,200 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 6, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine roots; 10 percent

pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 7.3);

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—2 to 6 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many fine roots; common fine and very

fine pores; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—6 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, dark
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 69

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films

on faces of peds; 10 percent pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk—16 to 22 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine

and many very fine roots; many fine and very fine

pores; 10 percent pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine masses and threads of lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of rock

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.

2C—22 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; single grain;

loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 45 percent

pebbles and 20 percent cobbles; disseminated

lime, common distinct lime crusts on undersides of

rock fragments in the upper part; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 2 to 8 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 18 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 5 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—7 or 8 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand, sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

15 percent stones and cobbles, 35 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—1 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Baxton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock (grus) and deep (40 to

60 inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Mountains, hills, and ridges

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Baxton coarse sandy loam, in an area of Baxton,

stony-Breeton, bouldery-Catgulch, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,200

feet north and 2,350 feet east of the southwest corner

of sec. 26, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coarse sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; weak fine and very fine granular structure;
70 Soil Survey of

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

many very fine and few fine, medium, and coarse

roots; many very fine and fine pores; 10 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth

boundary.

Bw1—11 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

few fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very

fine and fine pores; 20 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—22 to 31 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

and few fine, medium, and coarse roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 30 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.3); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—31 to 57 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—57 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw1 horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw2 horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam or loamy coarse

sand

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Beanlake Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, outwash fans, and moraines

Parent material: Alpine till or alluvium

Slope range: 4 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Beanlake stony loam, in an area of BeanlakeWinspect stony loams, 4 to 25 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,500 feet north and 2,200 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 20 N., R. 7 W., Lewis

and Clark County, Montana:

A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) stony

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate very fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine roots; 10 percent pebbles and 5 percent

stones; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk—6 to 16 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to weak medium and fine

subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many

very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 5 percent

pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; disseminated lime,

continuous faint lime casts on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bky1—16 to 38 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium and

fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine roots; many very fine tubular and interstitial

pores; 5 percent cobbles; disseminated lime,

continuous faint lime casts on undersides of

fragments; common fine seams of gypsum;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 71

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bky2—38 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) cobbly

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium and

fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots;

common very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 15

percent pebbles and 20 percent cobbles;

disseminated lime, continuous faint lime casts on

undersides of fragments; common fine seams and

masses of gypsum; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 47 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 8 inches

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 15

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 3, 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 15 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bky1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—7 or 8 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Content of gypsum—1 to 3 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 15 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Bky2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm

Content of gypsum—1 to 3 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 5 to

15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Other features—bulk density of more than 1.6

grams per cubic centimeter

Beaverell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Alluvial fans and plains

Parent material: Gravelly and cobbly alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal over

sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

Aridic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Beaverell very cobbly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Beaverell, very stony-Sieberell, stony, complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, in rangeland, 700 feet north and 300

feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 10, T. 4 N., R.

3 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3)

moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and medium pores; 35 percent rounded

cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—5 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely cobbly sandy clay loam, olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many fine

and very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores;

many faint clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent

rounded pebbles and 30 percent rounded cobbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary.
72 Soil Survey of

Bk—12 to 16 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

extremely cobbly sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; 40 percent

cobbles and stones, 35 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—16 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

extremely cobbly coarse sand, light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 40 percent cobbles

and stones, 35 percent rounded pebbles; common

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments in

the upper part; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 4 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 20

percent

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 70 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (20

to 35 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (5 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 (dry or moist)

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—loamy coarse sand or coarse sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Beenom Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Hills, ridges, and escarpments

Parent material: Residuum derived from coarse

grained sandstone

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,200 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Lithic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Beenom loam, in an area of Beenom, stony-WimperWhitlash, very stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

in rangeland, 1,000 feet west and 1,375 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 18, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky

and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; 10

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—2 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

strong medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; many

fine and very fine tubular pores; common faint
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 73

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 10

percent angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; many faint brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent

angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear

wavy boundary.

BC—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; 30

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

smooth boundary.

R—16 inches; hard, brown (10YR 4/3), coarse grained

sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 11 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 2 to 9 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Benz Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans

Parent material: Saline/sodic alluvium derived mainly

from shale

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 4,600 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Aridic Ustorthents

Typical Pedon

Benz clay loam, in an area of Trudau-Benz clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes, in cropland, 1,100 feet south

and 950 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T.

1 N., R. 3 W.

Ap1—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine roots between plates;

many vesicular pores; 5 percent shale fragments;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent; strongly

alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary.

Ap2—2 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;

common very fine tubular pores; 5 percent shale

fragments; disseminated lime; slightly effervescent;

strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary.

Ckz1—8 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine

and very fine pores; 5 percent shale fragments;

disseminated lime, common fine threads and

masses of lime; common fine threads and masses

of gypsum and salt crystals; violently effervescent;

very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4); diffuse wavy

boundary.

Ckz2—31 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine

and very fine pores; 25 percent shale fragments;

disseminated lime, common fine and very fine

threads and masses of lime; common fine threads

and masses of gypsum and salt crystals; strongly
74 Soil Survey of

effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6);

diffuse wavy boundary.

C—44 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam stratified with thin lenses of fine sandy loam,

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots and pores; 50

percent shale fragments; few fine threads of lime;

few fine threads of gypsum and salt crystals;

slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH

9.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Ckz horizon: 8 to 12 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Electrical conductivity—4 to 8 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 13

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Ckz1 horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Content of gypsum—2 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.6

Ckz2 and C horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam with thin strata of fine

sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Content of gypsum—2 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.6

Bielenberg Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, and residuum

derived from granite

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Bielenberg sandy clay loam, in an area of ClancyBielenberg-Connieo complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

in rangeland, 1,350 feet south and 150 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine and

common medium roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 3 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2);

clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

coarse sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and common fine pores; 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

BA—9 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) coarse sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine and very fine and few medium roots;

many very fine and common fine pores; 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt—15 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 75

and medium roots; common very fine and fine

pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 10

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—28 to 50 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

fine and very fine roots; common very fine and few

fine pores; 5 percent cobbles, 25 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); gradual irregular boundary.

Cr—50 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand or coarse

loamy sand.

R—55 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 22 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 40 to 58 inches

Depth to R layer: 43 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BA horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 15 to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bignell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and sides of hills

Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, and alpine till

derived from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 15 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Clayey-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Bignell cobbly loam, in an area of Bignell, stony-Yreka,

very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 450 feet south and 950 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—3 inches to 0; undecomposed and slightly

decomposed forest litter.

E—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) cobbly

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; common very fine and fine pores; 15

percent cobbles and 15 percent pebbles;

moderately acid (5.8 pH); clear smooth boundary.

Bt/E—5 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist (Bt part, 60

percent); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very cobbly

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) moist (E part, 40 percent);

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; common very fine and fine pores;
76 Soil Survey of

common distinct clay films on faces of peds in the

Bt part; 30 percent cobbles and 15 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine

and medium angular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky

and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots and few medium and coarse roots; common

very fine and fine pores; many distinct clay films

on faces of peds, common distinct clay films on

rock fragments; 35 percent cobbles and stones

and 10 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—25 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong

fine and medium angular blocky structure; hard,

firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few

very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few very

fine and fine pores; many distinct clay films on

faces of peds, common distinct clay films on

surface of rock fragments; 30 percent cobbles and

stones, 20 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH

5.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

E horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 10 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 7.3

Bt/E horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry (Bt part); 5, 6, or 7 dry, 5 or 6

moist (E part)

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6 (Bt part); 1, 2, or 3 (E part)

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 35 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—clay, sandy clay, or clay loam

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (20

to 40 percent cobbles, 15 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Blaincreek Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local alluvium, colluvium, and

residuum derived from fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Blaincreek cobbly loam, in an area of Tolbert, very

stony-Rock outcrop-Blaincreek, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,550 feet north

and 1,000 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 18,

T. 3 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots; 15 percent cobbles and 15

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—7 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds and

on surfaces of rock fragments; 10 percent cobbles

and 30 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 77

tubular and interstitial pores; common faint clay

films on faces of peds and on surfaces of rock

fragments; 25 percent cobbles and 20 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—17 to 25 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 25 percent cobbles and

25 percent angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.4); clear smooth boundary.

R—25 inches; hard, brown (10YR 4/3), fractured fine

grained igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 15 to 25 percent angular

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—30 to 60 percent (5 to

30 percent angular cobbles, 20 to 40 percent

angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 40 percent angular cobbles, 20 to 40 percent

angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bobowic Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 40 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Bobowic gravelly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tepecreek, very

bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 2,500 feet north and 300 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 4, T. 1 N., R. 6 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and few fine roots; 20 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 11 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; moderate thick platy structure

parting to weak fine angular blocky; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine roots and few fine and medium roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; 25 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

many very fine roots and few fine and medium

roots; many very fine and few fine pores; 25

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy

boundary.

Cr—21 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—34 inches; hard granite bedrock.
78 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches or between a depth of 8 inches and

bedrock (if it occurs at a depth of less than 24

inches)

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bondoe Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans

Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived mainly

from hard shale

Slope range: 4 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 4,800 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Bondoe channery loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,600 feet south and 1,750 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

channery loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

20 percent channers; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt—4 to 11 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) channery

clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

strong medium prismatic structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and few fine roots; many very fine pores;

common faint clay films on faces of peds; 20

percent channers; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—11 to 23 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very

channery loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine pores; 40 percent channers;

disseminated lime, continuous distinct lime

coatings on coarse fragments; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual

irregular boundary.

C—23 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very channery

loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common

very fine pores; 55 percent channers; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 7 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 18 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent

shale channers

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 79

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

shale channers

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

shale channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

shale channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bonebasin Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Flood plains and drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Bonebasin loam, in an area of Clunton-WetsandBonebasin complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

1,200 feet south and 1,500 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 4, T. 5 N., R. 4 W.

Oe—2 inches to 0; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) mucky peat, black (10YR 2/1) moist; neutral

(pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; many faint yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth

boundary.

Ag—6 to 13 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; many

distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; common faint very dark gray (5Y

3/1) redox depletions; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—13 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) gravelly

sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist;

common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; common faint very dark gray (5Y

3/1) redox depletions; massive; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 25

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Cg2—19 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; many distinct very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions; few faint

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 5 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary.

2C—23 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) extremely

gravelly loamy sand and sand, dark brown (7.5YR

4/2) moist; common distinct yellowish red (5YR

5/6) redox concentrations; single grain; loose,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine

roots; 15 percent cobbles and 50 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches
80 Soil Survey of

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Water table: At the surface to 12 inches below the

surface for extended periods during spring and

summer

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

A horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam or strata of sandy loam,

clay loam, or sand and gravel

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Branham Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 0 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Branham sandy loam, in an area of Branham-OpitzTuggle complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland,

1,300 feet west and 50 feet south of the northeast

corner of sec. 17, T. 1 S., R. 6 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine

granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine roots; 10 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw1—8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) coarse sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; many very

fine pores; 10 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; many fine and

very fine pores; 25 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); gradual smooth boundary.

BC—16 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

gravelly loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; 30

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

Cr—30 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),

decomposing granite bedrock (grus) that textures

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—36 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—8 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 81

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sand or loamy coarse sand

Clay content—4 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Breeton Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium or colluvium derived from

granite

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Pachic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Breeton gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,900 feet north and 2,500 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots; 15 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.6); clear wavy boundary.

A2—4 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) gravelly

loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 15 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—12 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark brown (10YR

3/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 20 percent granite

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual irregular

boundary.

BC—26 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; 25 percent

granite pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 28 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0 to 0.1

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—8 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, loamy coarse sand,

or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Brickner Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained
82 Soil Survey of

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Brickner gravelly sandy clay loam, stony, in an area of

Brickner, stony-Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area,

2,550 feet north and 875 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 13, T. 1 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 25 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bt—3 to 8 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine and

few medium roots; common very fine and fine

pores; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 5

percent angular cobbles and 35 percent angular

pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy

boundary.

BC—8 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

and fine roots and few medium roots; 15 percent

angular cobbles and 55 percent angular pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary.

R—12 inches; hard, fractured fine grained sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 5 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy coarse sand, loam, or sandy clay

loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 35 to 50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—45 to 70 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 0 to 15 percent cobbles, and

45 to 60 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Brocko Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium and eolian material

Slope range: 0 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 83

Typical Pedon

Brocko silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in cropland,

300 feet west and 2,640 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 36, T. 3 N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; disseminated

lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—5 to 12 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; disseminated

lime, common fine seams and masses of lime;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk2—12 to 24 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; disseminated

lime, common fine seams and masses of lime;

violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk3—24 to 60 inches; white (10YR 8/2) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; massive; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; disseminated lime, few fine threads and

masses of lime; strongly effervescent; strongly

alkaline (pH 8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to calcic horizon: 5 to 8 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam or very fine sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Electrical conductivity—2 to 8 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 13

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 35 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Bronec Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, sides of hills, escarpments,

and valley floors

Parent material: Alluvium, colluvium, and Tertiary

valley fill material

Slope range: 0 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Bronec gravelly loam, in an area of Bronec-Amesha

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,390

feet east and 2,160 feet north of the southwest corner

of sec. 4, T. 2 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium

granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very

fine roots; 15 percent pebbles; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—2 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very

fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; 25

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine

masses and threads of lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of pebbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk2—9 to 21 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and

very fine roots; common fine and very fine pores;

30 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine masses and threads of lime, common distinct
84 Soil Survey of

lime coatings on pebbles; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk3—21 to 35 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very

fine roots; common very fine pores; 45 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine masses

and threads of lime, common distinct lime coatings

on undersides of pebbles; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk4—35 to 48 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 45

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, few faint lime

coatings on undersides of pebbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—48 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; single

grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 40 percent

pebbles; few faint lime coatings on undersides of

pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 2 to 6 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30 (saline phase)

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 16 to

30 mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30 (saline phase)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 4 to 25

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Bk3 and Bk4 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 25 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 4 to 25

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 20 (saline phase)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.4 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

loamy sand

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.6 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—4 to 25 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 85

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 20 (saline phase)

Burtoner Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, escarpments, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Burtoner sandy clay loam, in an area of BurtonerConnieo, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,400 feet north and 100

feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 11, T. 5 N., R.

4 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many very fine and fine and few medium pores; 10

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay

films bridging sand grains and common faint clay

films on faces of peds; 10 percent granite pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay

films bridging sand grains and common faint clay

films on faces of peds; 10 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.3); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—23 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—28 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam,

or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Cabbart Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, knolls, and hills

Parent material: Alluvium and residuum derived from

semiconsolidated loamy sedimentary beds

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,200 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid, shallow Aridic

Ustorthents
86 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Cabbart loam, in an area of Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha

complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,100

feet south and 375 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 35, T. 3 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown

(10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—5 to 9 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine threads

and masses of lime, common faint lime coatings

on pebbles; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline

(pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—9 to 18 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sandy

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine roots and pores; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine threads and

masses of lime, common faint lime coatings on

pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—18 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2),

semiconsolidated loamy sedimentary beds that

crush to loam, fine sandy loam, and/or very fine

sandy loam.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

paralithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less

than 12 inches)

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 32 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent hard cobbles, 0 to 30 percent hard

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or fine sandy

loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to

15 percent hard pebbles, 0 to 10 percent soft

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Cardwell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Flood plains and flood-plain steps

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

Oxyaquic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Cardwell silty clay loam, in an area of RiverrunCardwell complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

60 feet east and 230 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 15, T. 1 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; many very fine and common

fine roots; many very fine and common fine pores;

disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

A2—6 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common

very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 87

few fine pores; disseminated lime; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bw—14 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redox concentrations; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; disseminated lime;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); abrupt smooth boundary.

2C1—28 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly loamy sand, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky

and nonplastic; few very fine roots; 45 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual

smooth boundary.

2C2—36 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 50

percent pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the water table: 24 to 42 inches for extended

periods during spring and early summer

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 4 (saline phase)

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 8 (saline phase)

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy sand or sand or strata of fine

sandy loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 60 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Electrical conductivity—2 to 8 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Caseypeak Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Side slopes and ridges of mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Caseypeak gravelly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Caseypeak, very bouldery-Franconi, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,550 feet north and 1,100 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—11/2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially

decomposed needles, twigs, and leaves.

E—0 to 5 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common
88 Soil Survey of

medium roots; 20 percent granite pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—5 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common

medium roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

40 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—11 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

very fine, common fine, and few medium roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; 40 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy

boundary.

Cr—16 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—19 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 50

percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

loamy coarse sand

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 22 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Castner Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and the upper side slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 25 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Castner very cobbly loam, in an area of Castner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 350 feet east and 600 feet north

of the southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many fine roots; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 25 percent angular pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk—6 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 20 percent angular

cobbles and 50 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, common distinct lime crusts on

undersides of some fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

smooth boundary.

R—12 inches; hard, massive, fine grained sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

(mixed)

Depth to Bk horizon: 6 to 10 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 89

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 55 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Catgulch Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Catgulch gravelly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Crackerville-Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,800

feet north and 600 feet west of the southeast corner of

sec. 33, T. 7 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and few fine roots; 20 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear

smooth boundary.

Bw1—5 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and few fine roots;

common very fine and fine pores; 40 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine

and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores;

45 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Cr—12 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—15 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or coarse

sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 24 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 22 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
90 Soil Survey of

Cedric Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 12 to 17 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Cedric coarse sandy loam, in an area of Cedric,

bouldery-Rock outcrop-Jeffcity, bouldery, complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,100 feet north

and 900 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 18, T.

1 N., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coarse sandy loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular

structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 10

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt—5 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly coarse

sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 20 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bk—11 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly coarse sandy loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) moist; moderate coarse prismatic

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots;

common very fine and fine pores; 40 percent

granite pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

masses and threads of lime, common distinct lime

coatings on rock fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

Cr—15 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), partially

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—18 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 8 inches

and the lithic contact

Depth to Bk horizon: 8 to 13 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 8 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 17 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Cheadle Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 50 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 91

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Cheadle very gravelly loam, in an area of Cheadle,

very stony-Rock outcrop-Tiban, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes, in rangeland, 950 feet west and

1,500 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 4, T. 5

N., R. 2 E.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very gravelly

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

fine and very fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many fine

and very fine roots; 5 percent angular cobbles and

50 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw1—4 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong fine

and very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many fine and very fine roots and common

medium roots; 10 percent angular cobbles and 45

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw2—11 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots and

common medium roots; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 55 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bk—15 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots

matted between rock fragments; 20 percent

angular cobbles and 50 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, continuous faint lime coatings

on undersides of rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt

smooth boundary.

R—18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3), fractured, hard,

fine grained sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 16 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (5 to

30 percent cobbles and stones; 5 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (10

to 30 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 55

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (20

to 35 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Chinook Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, footslopes,

and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Sandy alluvium or eolian deposits

Slope range: 0 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls
92 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Chinook sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,200 feet west and 500 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and very fine

granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH

7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—7 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine roots; many

very fine pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear

smooth boundary.

Bk1—15 to 54 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few very

fine pores; disseminated lime, common fine

threads and masses of lime; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—54 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots;

few very fine pores; disseminated lime, few fine

threads of lime; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 25 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8; pH 7.9 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 8 (saline phase)

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 13 (saline phase)

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 13 (saline phase)

Clancy Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock and deep (40 to 60

inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, hills, and ridges

Parent material: Local colluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Clancy sandy clay loam, in an area of BurtonerClancy-Connieo complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 800 feet south and 1,100 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 30, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy clay

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 93

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine

and fine pores; 10 percent granite pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay films

bridging sand grains and on faces of peds; 20

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.9); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few

fine roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

common faint clay films bridging sand grains and

on faces of peds; 25 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

BC—22 to 30 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine

pores; 30 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.6); clear irregular boundary.

Cr—30 to 55 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2), decomposed

granite bedrock (grus) that crushes to very

gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—55 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam,

or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Clasoil Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and sides of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from granite

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Clasoil gravelly loam, in an area of Sawicki-Clasoil

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery, warm, in

rangeland, 500 feet north and 1,000 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine

granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine

and medium roots; 5 percent cobbles, 10 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth

boundary.

A2—5 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
94 Soil Survey of

gravelly loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and common

fine pores; 5 percent cobbles, 25 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; common very fine roots and few fine and

medium roots; common very fine and fine pores;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 5 percent cobbles, 15

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—24 to 34 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

cobbly sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine

and medium roots; common very fine and few fine

pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 20 percent cobbles, 10

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth

boundary.

BC—34 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; 25 percent

cobbles, 15 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 22 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2, 3, or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Clugulch Series

Depth class: Very shallow (0 to 10 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Lithic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Clugulch sandy loam, in an area of BranhamClugulch-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes; in a forested area, 2,000 feet south and 1,350

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 1 S., R. 6

W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

twigs, needles, and lichens.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

very fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 10 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7);

clear wavy boundary.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 95

Bw—3 to 7 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 20 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.5); abrupt wavy boundary.

Cr—7 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2),

decomposing granite (grus) that textures to

gravelly loamy sand.

R—9 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 4 inches

and the lithic contact

Depth to Cr horizon: Less than 10 inches

Depth to R layer: Less than 10 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Clunton Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains and flood-plain steps

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Clunton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

grass hay meadow, 1,600 feet north and 1,200 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 30, T. 4 N., R. 2

W.

Oe—4 inches to 0; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) mucky

peat, very dark gray (5Y 3/1) dry; neutral (pH 6.8);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Ag—0 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; many distinct

black (5Y 2.5/1) redox depletions; few faint strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations;

moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

common very fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg1—14 to 26 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; common faint

very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions; many

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; massive; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine

roots; few very fine pores; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Cg2—26 to 30 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) loam

consisting of strata of loam and sandy loam, dark

gray (5Y 4/1) dry; common distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; common faint

very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions; massive;

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

very fine roots; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg3—30 to 38 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam consisting of strata of silty clay loam and

sandy loam, gray (5Y 5/1) dry; common distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations;

common faint very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox

depletions; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cg4—38 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) gravelly

sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; many

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; few faint very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions; massive; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; 15 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 40 to 46 degrees F
96 Soil Survey of

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Water table: At the surface to 12 inches below the

surface for extended periods during spring and

summer

Ag horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, loam, or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Cg1 horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, loam, silt loam, or clay

loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Cg2 and Cg3 horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Texture—silt loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay

loam with thin strata of finer and coarser

materials

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

2Cg4 horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy loam or loam with strata of loamy

sand, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Cometcrik Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 4,600 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Cometcrik loam, in an area of Breeton-Cometcrik

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,000

feet north and 2,100 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 13, T. 7 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; hard, very friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and

common medium roots; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bw—12 to 24 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; few fine

distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) (dry) redox

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very hard, very friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine roots and

common fine and medium roots; many very fine

and common fine pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

smooth boundary.

Cg1—24 to 42 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; common

fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) (dry) redox

concentrations; massive; extremely hard, firm,

very sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine

and fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; 5

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg2—42 to 58 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

loamy coarse sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry;

massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; 30 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0);

clear wavy boundary.

3Cg3—58 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam

consisting of fine strata of very fine sandy loam

and silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) (dry) redox concentrations; massive; very

hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 97

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 12 to 24 inches

during the spring and early summer

Depth to 2Cg horizon: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, or

coarse sandy loam

Clay content—2 to 10 percent clay

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

3Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—stratified fine sandy loam to silty clay

loam

Clay content—10 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Connieo Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Connieo sandy clay loam, in an area of BurtonerConnieo, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,400 feet south and 100

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 11, T. 5 N., R.

4 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and few fine roots; 5 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains; 25 percent granite

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Cr—14 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

decomposing granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—18 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches
98 Soil Survey of

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—14 to 24 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Cowood Family

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone and igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Cowood extremely cobbly loam, in an area of

Warwood-Tigeron, very stony-Cowood, very stony,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area,

400 feet south and 950 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 4, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles and twigs.

A—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) extremely

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak very fine and fine granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine and few medium roots; 50

percent cobbles and 15 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bw—4 to 17 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely

cobbly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; 50 percent cobbles and 20 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.7); abrupt wavy boundary.

R—17 inches; hard, fine grained igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 30

percent

A horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 70 percent (10

to 50 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 40

percent pebbles or channers)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (25

to 60 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 7.3

Cozberg Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, and valley

floors

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 99

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Cozberg sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,000 feet south and 2,200 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine

granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—5 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; common fine pores; 15

percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—8 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine

sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium and coarse prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common fine and very fine roots; common fine

and medium pores; disseminated lime, few fine

threads and masses of lime; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—19 to 28 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine and

very fine roots; common fine pores; 5 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine threads

and masses of lime, few faint lime coatings on

pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.

2Bk2—28 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3)

moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; 30 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common medium threads and

masses of lime, continuous distinct lime crusts on

pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

gravelly loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

moist; single grain; loose; nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; 30 percent

pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 8 to 16 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2Bk2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 35 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

pebbles
100 Soil Survey of

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Crackerville Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Crackerville loam, in an area of Crackerville-Catgulch

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery, in

rangeland, 600 feet south and 800 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak

fine and medium granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and common fine roots; 10 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains; 40 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary.

BC—15 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and few fine roots; common very fine and few

fine pores; 30 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

clear wavy boundary.

Cr—23 to 31 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—31 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or coarse sandy

loam

Clay content—14 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 20 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6 dry

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6 dry

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

loamy coarse sand

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—30 to 70 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 30 to 55 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Crago Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, plains, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium or colluvium derived mainly

from limestone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 101

Slope range: 1 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 15 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Crago gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 750 feet south and 3,350 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 3 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine

roots; 20 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—4 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium and coarse prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine roots; few fine pores; 25 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, continuous prominent

lime crusts on undersides of pebbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk2—12 to 20 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

fine roots; few fine pores; 35 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common medium masses and

threads of lime, continuous prominent lime crusts

on pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual irregular boundary.

Bk3—20 to 50 inches; white (10YR 8/2) very gravelly

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; few fine roots; 5 percent cobbles, 40

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, many fine

masses and threads of lime, continuous prominent

lime crusts on pebbles; violently effervescent;

strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual irregular

boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; very few fine roots; 10 percent cobbles,

45 percent pebbles; disseminated lime; violently

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 20

percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 45 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 75 percent (0 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 70 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bk2 and Bk3 horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 35 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 70 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Clay content—0 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—40 to 80 percent (0 to

40 percent stones and cobbles, 40 to 80

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0
102 Soil Survey of

Crampton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock and deep (40 to 60

inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, fine grained and

coarse grained igneous rocks deposited over

granite bedrock

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Crampton very cobbly sandy loam, in an area of

Sawicki, very bouldery-Crampton, bouldery-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 100 feet north and 450 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly sandy loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

roots and few fine and medium roots; many very

fine and fine pores; 25 percent angular cobbles

and 20 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—11 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine roots and few fine and medium roots; many

very fine and fine pores; many faint clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 25 percent

angular cobbles and 20 percent angular pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—21 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and few fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; common faint clay films

bridging sand grains; 25 percent angular cobbles

and 30 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.1);

clear wavy boundary.

BC—30 to 35 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; 30

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

wavy boundary.

Cr—35 to 59 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—59 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 13 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 1 to 5

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist;

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or coarse

sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or

loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 30 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent pebbles)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 103

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Delpoint Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, knolls, and hills

Parent material: Alluvium and residuum derived from

semiconsolidated loamy sedimentary beds

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Delpoint loam, in an area of Delpoint-Abor complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes, in cropland, 1,160 feet east and

550 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 3

N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

fine and very fine roots; many fine pores; 1

percent rounded pebbles; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—8 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium blocky;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately

plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine

and very fine pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk—16 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common

fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine

pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine masses of lime, common faint

lime coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

Cr—24 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1),

semiconsolidated loamy sedimentary beds.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Devilfence Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, brown

shale or argillite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts
104 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Devilfence very channery loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 1,500 feet south and 325 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

channery loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and many very fine roots;

40 percent channers; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Bw—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine

and very fine roots; common fine and very fine

pores; 5 percent flagstones and 40 percent

channers; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—7 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely

channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine

and very fine pores; 10 percent flagstones and 55

percent channers; disseminated lime, common

distinct lime coatings on rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk2—11 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots between channers;

15 percent flagstones and 60 percent channers;

common distinct lime casts on rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); clear wavy boundary.

R—14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3), hard, fractured

shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 10 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 45 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 25 to 40 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 35 to 50 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 80 percent (5 to

20 percent flagstones, 45 to 60 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Deville Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, brown

shale or argillite

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Deville very channery loam, in an area of WildeDeville-Vigilante complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,750 feet south and 825 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 2 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

channery loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 105

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine

and very fine roots; 35 percent channers; neutral

(pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—4 to 7 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine

pores; 5 percent flagstones and 35 percent

channers; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; 10

percent flagstones and 50 percent channers;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—11 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

channery sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine roots between channers; 15 percent

flagstones and 65 percent channers; neutral (pH

7.0); clear wavy boundary.

R—17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), hard, fractured

shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 35 to 55 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 30 to 50 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 80 percent (5 to

15 percent flagstones, 45 to 65 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Dougcliff Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2 to 6 inches per hour)

Landform: Depressional areas on flood plains and

flood-plain steps and in drainageways

Parent material: Fibrous materials derived mainly from

herbaceous vegetation over alluvium derived from

mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Haplofibrists

Taxadjunct features: The Dougcliff soils in this survey

area are taxadjuncts because they have a mineral

soil layer 12 or more inches thick with its upper

boundary within 40 inches of the soil surface.

These soils are classified as loamy, mixed, euic

Terric Haplofibrists.

Typical Pedon

Dougcliff mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 450 feet east and 1,900 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 16, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—0 to 11 inches; mucky peat, very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

rubbed and pressed; about 80 percent fiber and

raw herbaceous plant material, 70 percent rubbed;

massive; nonsticky and nonplastic; neutral (pH

6.6); gradual wavy boundary.

Oe1—11 to 17 inches; mucky peat, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) and black (10YR 2/1) rubbed and

pressed; about 90 percent fiber, 80 percent

rubbed; massive; nonsticky and nonplastic; 90

percent herbaceous and 10 percent lycopodium

mosses; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Oe2—17 to 26 inches; mucky peat, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) and black (10YR 2/1) rubbed and

pressed; about 85 percent fiber, 80 percent
106 Soil Survey of

rubbed; massive; nonsticky and nonplastic; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary.

C—26 to 60 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) mucky silt

loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; massive; hard, firm,

nonsticky and nonplastic; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Water table: At the surface to 6 inches below the surface

Oi horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Chroma—1 or 2

Fiber content—80 to 90 percent unrubbed; 65 to

75 percent rubbed

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Oe horizon:

Hue—10YR or 5Y

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Fiber content—85 to 95 percent unrubbed; 75 to

85 percent rubbed

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Texture—mucky silt loam with stratifications of

herbaceous material, sandy loam, or loam

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Eagleton Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 4 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Eagleton clay loam, in an area of Eagleton, stonyKokoruda-Cometcrik complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes;

in a forested area, 950 feet north and 1,850 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine

and very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

many medium, fine, and very fine roots and few

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5);

clear smooth boundary.

A2—6 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam;

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many fine and very fine roots and common

medium roots; many fine and very fine pores; 10

percent rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—15 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; few

fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very

fine roots and few medium roots; many fine and

very fine pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—36 to 50 inches; light gray (5Y 7/1) sandy clay

loam, gray (5Y 5/1) moist; common fine faint dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redox concentrations;

few faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) redox depletions;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

moderately plastic; common fine and very fine

roots and few medium roots; many fine and very

fine pores and few medium pores; 10 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—50 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam

with thin stratifications of fine sandy loam and clay

loam, dark gray (5Y 4/1) moist; many fine distinct

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; few

faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) redox depletions; massive;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots; many

fine and very fine pores; 10 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 107

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 60 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 12 to 24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y or N

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Texture—sandy clay loam with stratifications of

sandy loam, silty clay, loam, and clay loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Ellena Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Ellena very cobbly sandy loam, in an area of Kurrie,

very bouldery-Ellena, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area,

350 feet north and 1,700 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, leaves, and twigs.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine, common fine, and few

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 30

percent cobbles and 10 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

E—5 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very

cobbly coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

5 percent stones, 25 percent cobbles, 10 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy

boundary.

E/Bw—20 to 33 inches; 85 percent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) very cobbly coarse sandy loam, grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist (E part); 15 percent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very cobbly sandy clay

loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist (Bw part);

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine roots and few fine and

medium roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

5 percent stones, 35 percent cobbles, 10 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy

boundary.

Cr—33 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—36 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (0 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
108 Soil Survey of

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

45 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E/Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry, 4, 5, or 6 moist (E part); 4, 5,

or 6 dry, 3, 4, or 5 moist (Bw part)

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4 (E part); 2, 3, or 4 (Bw part)

Texture (mixed)—coarse sandy loam or sandy

loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Elmark Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock and deep (40 to 60

inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills and mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, alluvium, or residuum

derived from granite

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 70 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Elmark sandy clay loam, in an area of Elmark,

bouldery-Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, dry; in a forested

area, 1,250 feet north and 1,000 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 20, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots

and few medium roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 5 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0);

clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 7 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy

clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and few fine

pores; 5 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bt—7 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine roots and few fine and

medium roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

many faint clay films bridging sand grains and on

faces of peds; 20 percent granite pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—19 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine pores; 30 percent granite

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear irregular

boundary.

Cr—30 to 57 inches; olive (5Y 5/3), decomposed

granite bedrock (grus) that crushes to very

gravelly loamy coarse sand or gravelly coarse

sand.

R—57 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 17 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, or loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 109

Clay content—8 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Elve Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, mountain valleys, and sides of

mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and alluvium derived

mainly from fine grained igneous rocks

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent slopes

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Elve very cobbly loam, in an area of Elve, very stonyCowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, dry; in a forested area, 50 feet west

and 1,500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec.

11, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and cones.

A1—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

medium and coarse roots; many fine and very fine

pores; 20 percent angular cobbles and 20 percent

angular pebbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear

wavy boundary.

A2—2 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many medium and coarse roots; many fine and

very fine pores; 25 percent angular cobbles and

20 percent angular pebbles; moderately acid (pH

5.8); clear wavy boundary.

E—5 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine, medium, and coarse

roots; many fine and very fine pores; 15 percent

angular cobbles and 45 percent angular pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine, medium, and coarse roots; many

fine and very fine pores; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 40 percent angular pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—18 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine, medium,

and coarse roots; many fine and very fine pores;

20 percent angular cobbles and 45 percent

angular pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual

wavy boundary.

C—32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and
110 Soil Survey of

very fine roots; common fine pores; 25 percent

angular cobbles and 40 percent angular pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 20

percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

E horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (0 to

25 percent stones, 10 to 40 percent cobbles, 20

to 45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 85 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

BC and C horizons:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 85 percent (20

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Elvick Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans; drainageways in mountains

Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite and

hard, fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 1 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Oxyaquic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Elvick very cobbly loam, in an area of Elvick-Lowder

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes, very bouldery; in a

forested area, 950 feet south and 2,500 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 3 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, leaves, and twigs.

A—0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

weak medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 20 percent cobbles

and 15 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

clear wavy boundary.

E1—1 to 7 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine and few

medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent cobbles and 20 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

E2—7 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very cobbly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 30 percent cobbles and 20 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

E/Bw—18 to 26 inches; 80 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) very cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown

(10YR 5/3) moist (E part); 20 percent pale brown

(10YR 6/3) very cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown

(10YR 4/3) moist (Bw part); moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 111

very fine, fine, and medium roots; many very fine

and fine pores; 30 percent cobbles and 25 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw—26 to 38 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) redox concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 30

percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—38 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

extremely cobbly coarse sandy loam, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; common fine

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, and

medium roots; common very fine and fine pores;

40 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to the water table: 24 to 42 inches from May

through July

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 65 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and boulders, 20 to 30

percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 65 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and boulders, 20 to 30

percent cobbles, 15 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

E/Bw horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist (E part); 5 or 6 dry,

4 or 5 moist (Bw part)

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

20 percent stones, 20 to 30 percent cobbles, 10

to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

20 percent stones, 20 to 30 percent cobbles, 10

to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

BC horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—3, 4, or 5

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

25 percent stones, 20 to 40 percent cobbles, 15

to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Ethridge Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, escarpments,

and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from

semiconsolidated shale

Slope range: 0 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid

Torrertic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Ethridge clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,450 feet east and 2,300 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.
112 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt—5 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

strong fine and very fine subangular blocky; hard,

firm, moderately sticky and very plastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many fine and very fine pores;

common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—13 to 26 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate coarse

prismatic structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; disseminated

lime, common fine threads and masses of lime;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual irregular boundary.

Bky—26 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam

with thin layers of silt loam and silty clay, brown

(10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; common very fine pores;

disseminated lime, common fine threads and

masses of lime; few fine nests and seams of

gypsum; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 8.4 in the

saline phase

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 4 (saline phase)

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Bk and Bky horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay, silty clay loam, loam, clay loam, or

silty clay

Clay content—20 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 8 to 16

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Content of gypsum—0 to 3 percent; 1 to 3 percent

in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0; pH 7.4 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

Fairway Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and stream

terraces

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Fairway clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in cropland,

1,575 feet north and 2,550 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 35, T. 2 N., R. 5 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10Y 3/2) moist;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 113

moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine roots; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

common very fine pores; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk—13 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; few fine distinct dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/4) redox concentrations;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

coarse subangular blocky; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and fine roots; common very fine pores;

disseminated lime, few fine seams and masses of

lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 7.9); clear smooth boundary.

Bg—25 to 40 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common or many fine

distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) redox

concentrations; massive; hard, friable, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear smooth boundary.

Cg—40 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam with strata of fine sand, silty clay loam,

and coarse sandy loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; many fine and medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) (moist) redox

concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

and fine roots; neutral (pH 7.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—2 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam; some

thin strata of sandy loam, loamy sand, and clay

loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—2 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam with strata of fine sand, silty

clay loam, and coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 22 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Faith Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood-plain steps, drainageways, alluvial

fans, and stream terraces

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Torrifluventic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture, 1,375
114 Soil Survey of

feet south and 75 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 3, T. 1 N., R. 4 W.

Ap1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth

boundary.

Ap2—4 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and

fine pores; disseminated lime; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—8 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

strong medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; disseminated lime; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk—14 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

strong coarse prismatic structure parting to strong

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

disseminated lime, few very fine threads of lime;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.3); clear smooth boundary.

2C—31 to 47 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—47 to 56 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

common distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—56 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) loam,

olive gray (5Y 4/2) moist; common faint very dark

gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions; common faint

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to the water table: 42 to 60 inches for extended

periods during spring and early summer

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam; layers containing

varying amounts of heavy metals from mining

leach and settling ponds in the impacted phase

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8; pH 5.1 to 6.5 in the

impacted phase

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam with

thin strata of finer and coarser materials

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay

loam with thin strata of finer and coarser

materials

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—0 to 2 mmhos/cm

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or very

fine sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent with 15 percent or

more fine sand or coarser
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 115

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm

Calcium carbonate equivalent—1 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Farnuf Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Farnuf sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 650 feet west and 2,450 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 5 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine, and

medium roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

strong medium prismatic structure parting to

strong fine and medium subangular blocky; hard,

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and common

medium roots; many fine and very fine pores;

continuous faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—14 to 23 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 30 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine masses and

threads of lime; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—23 to 32 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots; common

fine and very fine pores; 30 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine threads and

masses of lime, continuous faint coatings of lime

on pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam consisting of stratified

sandy clay loam, loam, and fine sandy loam,

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; hard,

very friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

few fine and very fine roots; common fine and very

fine pores; 30 percent pebbles; disseminated lime;

strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 11 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 25 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 15 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3, 4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4
116 Soil Survey of

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam consisting of

strata of fine sandy loam, clay loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, or silt loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Ferball Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from red shale

bedrock

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 85 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Ferball clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland,

200 feet south and 2,900 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 27, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam,

reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine and fine pores; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.0); clear smooth boundary.

Btk—5 to 12 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam, red

(2.5YR 4/6) moist; strong medium prismatic

structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine pores; many faint clay films on faces of

peds; disseminated lime, few fine masses of lime;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.0); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1—12 to 45 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam, red

(2.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and

few fine roots; many very fine pores; disseminated

lime, few fine masses of lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk2—45 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam,

red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots;

common very fine tubular pores; disseminated

lime, few fine masses of lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 5 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 15 inches

A horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Clay content—27 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Btk horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—4, 6, or 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—4, 6, or 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 117

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Firada Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Upper side slopes and ridges of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, alluvium, and

residuum derived from limestone

Slope range: 4 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutrocryepts

Taxadjunct features: The Firada soils in this survey

area are taxadjuncts because they have a higher

content of lime than is defined as the range for the

series. These soils are classified as loamyskeletal, carbonatic Typic Eutrocryepts.

Typical Pedon

Firada very gravelly loam, in an area of Whitore, stonyHelmville, bouldery-Firada, very stony, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes; in a forested area, 2,550 feet east

and 1,650 feet south of the northwest corner of sec.

11, T. 5 N., R. 2 E.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, leaves, and twigs.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots and common medium roots; 5

percent angular cobbles and 35 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—4 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very cobbly

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent angular cobbles and 20 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, common faint

lime coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—9 to 17 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very

cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; many very fine and fine pores; 30 percent

angular cobbles and 20 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, common distinct lime casts on

sides and bottoms of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk2—17 to 36 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

cobbly loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 30

percent angular cobbles and 30 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, common distinct lime

casts around fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

R—36 inches; hard, fractured, light gray (10YR 7/2)

limestone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 7 to 25 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0.01 to 3.0

percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent angular cobbles, 15 to 35 percent

angular pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—30 to 60 percent (15

to 30 percent angular cobbles, 15 to 30 percent

angular pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent
118 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (20

to 30 percent angular cobbles, 20 to 30 percent

angular pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Floweree Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and knolls

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from

semiconsolidated sedimentary beds; eolian

deposits

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Floweree silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in cropland,

2,100 feet north and 575 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 34, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine and very fine granular structure;

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—16 to 34 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; moderate medium

and coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; common very fine pores;

disseminated lime, few fine threads and masses of

lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk2—34 to 42 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; disseminated lime, common fine threads

and masses of lime; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk3—42 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine pores; disseminated lime, few fine threads and

masses of lime; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 13 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—12 to 22 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—12 to 25 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Foolhen Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 119

Landform: Flood plains and flood-plain steps in

mountains

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Cryaquolls

Typical Pedon

Foolhen mucky loam, in an area of Foolhen, stonyTibkey, bouldery, complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, in a

wet meadow, 1,100 feet west and 2,225 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 3 N., R. 3 W.

Oe—1 inch to 0; mat of partially decomposed organic

material and roots.

A1—0 to 4 inches; black (5Y 2.5/2) mucky loam, black

(10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

many very fine and fine roots and common

medium roots; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 10

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

wavy boundary.

A2—4 to 13 inches; black (5Y 2.5/2) mucky silt loam,

black (10YR 2/1) moist; few distinct reddish brown

(5YR 5/4) redox concentrations; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles

and 20 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—13 to 21 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

many distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; common faint very dark gray (5Y

3/1) redox depletions; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and fine roots; few very fine pores; 5 percent

rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—21 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; many

distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; common faint very dark gray (5Y

3/1) redox depletions; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

few very fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles

and 20 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—32 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

cobbly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

many distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; few faint very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

few very fine pores; 15 percent rounded cobbles

and 15 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual irregular boundary.

Cg3—44 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) moist; many distinct yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; few faint very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions; massive;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots; few very

fine pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 35

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 19 inches

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 12 inches

above the surface

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2, 2.5, or 3 dry

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 moist; 5, 6, or 7 dry

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 0 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3
120 Soil Survey of

Franconi Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium or residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 18 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Franconi gravelly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Franconi, very bouldery-Warwood-Caseypeak, very

bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 2,500 feet south and 1,600 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 4 N., R. 7 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

E—0 to 5 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots and few medium roots; many very

fine and fine pores and few medium pores; 5

percent cobbles and 15 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

E/Bt—5 to 11 inches; 70 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) gravelly sandy clay loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) moist (E part); 30 percent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy clay

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist (Bt

part); moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots and few medium roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; few faint clay films bridging sand

grains in the Bt part; 20 percent pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary.

Bt/E—11 to 19 inches; 85 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy clay loam, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist (Bt part); 15

percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly

sandy clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist

(E part); moderate medium and coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots and

few fine and medium roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; many faint clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains in the Bt part; 20

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—19 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse

prismatic structure parting to strong fine and

medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots

and few fine and medium roots; many very fine

and few fine pores; many faint clay films on faces

of peds and bridging sand grains; 5 percent

cobbles and 25 percent pebbles; moderately acid

(pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—28 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly clay

loam, dark brown 7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots;

common very fine and few fine pores; common

faint clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 20 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH

6.0); clear smooth boundary.

Cr—34 to 38 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—38 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 8 to 15 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 1 to 3 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E/Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist (E part); 5 or 6 dry,

4 or 5 moist (Bt part)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 121

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam (E part)

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part); 6 or 7 dry,

5 or 6 moist (E part)

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam (E part)

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Geohrock Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and valley

floors

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

stony, in rangeland, 850 feet south and 1,350 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 1, T. 2 N., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

strong fine granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 15 percent rounded

cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—4 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard,

firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 20 percent

rounded pebbles; few faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Btk—8 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium angular blocky structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine pores;

common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains;

10 percent rounded cobbles and 30 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common

distinct lime coatings on fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bk1—17 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard,

firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

common very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; 15 percent rounded cobbles and 35 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common

distinct lime casts around fragments; violently

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual

irregular boundary.

Bk2—24 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine roots; few very

fine pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 35

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common distinct lime casts on fragments; strongly

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 9 inches

Depth to Btk or Bk horizon: 7 to 12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR
122 Soil Survey of

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 15 to 20 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 20 to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Btk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 25 to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 75 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Gnojek Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, escarpments, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Gnojek very cobbly loam, stony, in an area of Gnojek,

stony-Wickes, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes, in rangeland, 40 feet north and 50

feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 22, T. 3 N., R.

4 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; 25 percent angular cobbles

and 20 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—3 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; common distinct clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 15

percent angular cobbles and 35 percent angular

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—7 to 16 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent angular cobbles and 30 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, common

medium masses and threads of lime, common

distinct lime coatings on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

R—16 inches; hard, brown (10YR 5/3), fine grained

sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to argillic horizon: 3 to 7 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 7 to 16 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 123

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 50 percent (15

to 25 percent cobbles, 20 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—23 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

15 percent stones, 15 to 35 percent cobbles, 20

to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

15 percent stones, 15 to 35 percent cobbles, 20

to 40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Handke Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid

Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Handke fine sandy loam, in an area of Havre-RyellHandke complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in rangeland,

1,900 feet south and 700 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 1, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

10 percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.6); clear smooth boundary.

C1—4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and few fine roots; 10 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth

boundary.

C2—9 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

very fine roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.

2C3—38 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

very fine sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very

fine and fine roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 36 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches for

periods ranging from 1 week to several weeks

during spring runoff

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—primarily sand and loamy sand; thin

strata of fine sandy loam, sandy loam, and
124 Soil Survey of

loam and some evidence of a buried surface

layer

Clay content—2 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Hanson Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from limestone

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic Calcic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Hanson gravelly loam, stony, in an area of Tropal,

bouldery-Hanson, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,050 feet west and

1,150 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 5

N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent angular cobbles and 20 percent angular

pebbles; few faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—6 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 10 percent angular

cobbles and 30 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, few distinct lime coatings on

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1—13 to 27 inches; white (10YR 8/2) very gravelly

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; 10

percent angular cobbles and 40 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine threads

and masses of lime, common distinct lime casts

around fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual irregular

boundary.

Bk2—27 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots; few very fine

pores; 15 percent angular cobbles and 40 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine

masses and threads of lime, common distinct lime

casts around fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 8 to 16 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones and boulders:

0.1 to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 32 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 125

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (10

to 55 percent stones and cobbles, 10 to 30

percent pebbles or channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—7 or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 32 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (10

to 35 percent stones and cobbles, 25 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Hapgood Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from igneous and metamorphic rock

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,000 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Pachic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Hapgood gravelly loam, in rangeland, 2,500 feet west

and 200 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 20,

T. 6 S., R. 2 W., Madison County, Montana:

A—0 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

fine and very fine roots; 15 percent angular

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual smooth

boundary.

C—18 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak coarse angular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots; 10

percent angular cobbles and 35 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Value—2, 3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 0 to 25 percent angular

cobbles, 15 to 35 percent angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

C horizon:

Value—4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 5

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 32 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent angular

cobbles, 25 to 45 percent angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Havre Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Stratified, calcareous loamy alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Havre loam, in an area of Havre-Ryell-Handke

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,690

feet south and 2,160 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 4, T. 1 N., R. 3 W.

A1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

strong medium granular structure; slightly hard,
126 Soil Survey of

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; disseminated lime; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

smooth boundary.

A2—4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth

boundary.

C1—9 to 31 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common very fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, few

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); clear smooth boundary.

C2—31 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loam composed of stratified loam, silt loam, and

fine sandy loam; thin strata of gravelly loamy fine

sand; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; few

very fine pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common faint lime coatings on

fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Note: Colors in the surface horizon do not meet the

requirements for a mollic epipedon after mixing to

a depth of 7 inches.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—1 to 5 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam consisting of strata of loam, silt

loam, or fine sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Haxby Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, side slopes of hills, and strath

terraces

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, fine grained

sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Haplocalcidic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Haxby loam, in an area of Haxby-Amesha-Rencot

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,750

feet north and 1,900 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 12, T. 2 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine

granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; neutral

(pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—5 to 14 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and

fine roots; many very fine pores; 5 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine masses

and threads of lime, common faint lime coatings
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 127

on fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—14 to 21 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) sandy

loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; few or common very fine pores;

5 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine masses and threads of lime, common faint

lime coatings on fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk3—21 to 32 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure;

slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

very fine roots; few or common very fine and fine

pores; 20 percent pebbles; disseminated lime,

common masses and threads of lime, common

distinct lime coatings on fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

smooth boundary.

R—32 inches; hard, fine grained igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 4 to 8 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk1 and Bk2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk3 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 12 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Helmville Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Mountain side slopes and valleys

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

mainly from limestone, sandstone, and igneous

rocks

Slope range: 15 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Helmville gravelly loam, in an area of Whitore, stonyHelmville, bouldery-Firada, very stony, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes; in a forested area, 1,175 feet north

and 100 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T.

5 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed forest litter.

E—0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very

fine roots; 15 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—1 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine pores; common faint discontinuous

clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—6 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; many very fine pores; common faint

continuous clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 20 percent cobbles and 40
128 Soil Survey of

percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt3—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and common

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common faint continuous clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains; 30 percent cobbles

and 30 percent pebbles; disseminated lime in the

lower part; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.8); gradual irregular boundary.

Bk1—17 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong fine

subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; many very fine and fine pores; 25 percent

cobbles and 30 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, common threads and masses of lime, many

distinct lime coatings on fragments; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk2—24 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine roots and few

fine and medium roots; common fine and very fine

pores; 10 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, many fine threads and masses

of lime, many distinct lime casts on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 1 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 14 to 28 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 20 percent

E horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent stones, flagstones, and cobbles; 15

to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 5

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (10

to 35 percent stones and cobbles, 25 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 5

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—40 to 90 percent (10

to 45 percent stones and cobbles, 25 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Hilger Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium or colluvium derived

mainly from fine grained igneous rock and hard

sandstone

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Hilger very cobbly loam, very stony, in an area of

Hilger, very stony-Hilger, rubbly-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,800

feet south and 1,300 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 16, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; 30 percent cobbles and 25 percent

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth

boundary.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 129

Bt—8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; continuous faint clay films on faces of peds

and on surface of coarse fragments; 35 percent

cobbles and 25 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—14 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many

very fine pores; 35 percent cobbles and 25

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, many fine

threads and masses of lime, continuous distinct

lime coatings on fragments; violently effervescent;

strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—24 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) extremely cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

roots; few very fine pores; 40 percent cobbles and

35 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine threads and masses of lime, continuous faint

lime coatings on fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 13 to 18 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

20 percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (10

to 35 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (35

to 60 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (25

to 70 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 35

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Hiore Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Side slopes of mountains and valleys

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 15 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,600 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Hiore coarse sandy loam, stony, in an area of Hiore,

stony-Kurrie, stony-Caseypeak, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area, 300 feet

west and 2,600 feet north of the southeast corner of

sec. 7, T. 6 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles and twigs.

A1—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coarse sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate very fine granular structure; soft,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine and few medium and coarse

roots; 5 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0);

abrupt smooth boundary.

A2—2 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; 15 percent granite pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary.
130 Soil Survey of

Bw1—7 to 22 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

fine and few medium roots; common fine pores; 30

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bw2—22 to 35 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; 40 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual smooth

boundary.

BC—35 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very gravelly loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky

and nonplastic; few medium roots; 60 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles or stones, 5 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam or loamy coarse

sand

Clay content—8 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, stones, or boulders; 25 to

50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—3, 4, 6, or 8

Texture—loamy coarse sand or coarse sandy

loam

Clay content—2 to 12 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 60

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Holter Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and

argillite bedrock

Slope range: 8 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Holter channery loam, in an area of Holter-Castner

channery loams, 8 to 45 percent slopes, in rangeland,

700 feet west and 600 feet south of the northeast

corner of sec. 2, T. 13 N., R. 5 W., Lewis and Clark

County, Montana:

A1—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

channery loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate very thin platy structure

parting to moderate very fine granular; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 20 percent

channers; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A2—8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and few fine roots; many very fine tubular and

interstitial pores; 55 percent channers; moderately

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely channery clay loam, dark brown (10YR

4/3) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine tubular and interstitial pores;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 65

percent channers; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bt2—28 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 131

channery clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine tubular and

interstitial pores; common distinct clay films on

faces of peds and clay bridges between sand

grains; 65 percent channers; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bk—42 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

channery loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine

roots to a depth of 50 inches and few very fine

roots below that depth; many very fine tubular and

interstitial pores; 60 percent channers; continuous

faint lime casts on undersides of fragments;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 47 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 25 to 50 inches

A1 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 15 to 30 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

A2 horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—40 to 65 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 40 to 60 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 55 to 75 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bk horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 55 to 75 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Hoyt Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from fine grained igneous bedrock and till

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Hoyt loam, in an area of Lumpgulch, bouldery-HoytShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes; in a forested area, 2,600 feet north and 2,500

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 9 N., R.

2 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed twigs and

needles.

A—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots and few medium and coarse roots;

10 percent granite pebbles; moderately acid (pH

5.7); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; many very fine and fine roots

and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

pores; common discontinuous faint clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 10 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy

boundary.
132 Soil Survey of

Bt2—21 to 42 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine pores; common

discontinuous distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 15 percent granite

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt3—42 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; common very fine pores; few

discontinuous faint clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 20 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 13 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Jeffcity Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 5,000 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Jeffcity loam, in an area of Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in rangeland, 950

feet south and 200 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 11, T. 5 N., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium

and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and

fine and few medium pores; 5 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and few fine roots; many very fine and few

fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains; 30 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk—14 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very

fine pores; 30 percent granite pebbles;

disseminated lime, many medium and large

seams and masses of lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual irregular

boundary.

Cr—33 to 38 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand or loamy

coarse sand.

R—38 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 133

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 4 to 8 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 13 to 20 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Judco Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Divides and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from welded tuff bedrock

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Vitrandic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Judco very gravelly sandy loam, in a forested area,

400 feet east and 2,100 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 14, T. 3 N., R. 11 W., Deer Lodge

County, Montana:

Oe—2 inches to 0; well decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A1—0 to 2 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very gravelly

sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium

roots; 10 percent cobbles and 30 percent pebbles;

strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear wavy boundary.

A2—2 to 4 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very gravelly

sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; many very fine pores;

10 percent cobbles and 30 percent pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—4 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; many very fine pores;

10 percent cobbles and 30 percent pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.

BC1—10 to 21 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) very

gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and

fine roots; common fine pores; 10 percent cobbles

and 45 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

gradual wavy boundary.

BC2—21 to 38 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; common fine pores; 5 percent

cobbles and 45 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6);

gradual wavy boundary.

C—38 to 58 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, and medium

roots; 5 percent cobbles and 45 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.
134 Soil Survey of

Cr—58 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2),

decomposing welded tuff bedrock that crushes to

very gravelly sandy loam.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons

Depth to Cr horizon: 50 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 0.1 percent

A1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

A2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 55 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC and C horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Judell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from limestone

Slope range: 1 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, carbonatic,

frigid Typic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Judell loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,675

feet north and 1,825 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 35, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; 5 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—5 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 20

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

masses of lime, common faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—12 to 26 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) gravelly

loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots;

common fine pores; 25 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, many fine and medium masses

of lime, common distinct lime casts on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3—26 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 135

hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine roots; 30 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, many fine and medium masses of lime,

common distinct lime casts on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 10 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 45 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 60 percent

(one or more horizons averaging 40 to 60

percent)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Kadygulch Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of hills

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from fine grained and coarse grained igneous

rocks

Slope range: 35 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 5,800 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Kadygulch gravelly loam, in an area of KadygulchRoegulch, stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes; in

a forested area, 1,900 feet north and 1,200 feet west

of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 7 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed twigs and

needles.

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; soft, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots

and common medium and coarse roots; 20

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine and medium roots and few coarse

roots; 40 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—11 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine

and medium roots and few coarse roots; common

very fine, fine, and medium pores; 35 percent

pebbles; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—19 to 34 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) moist; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and moderately plastic; few fine, medium,

and coarse roots; common very fine, fine, and

medium pores; 55 percent pebbles; strongly acid

(pH 5.4); clear wavy boundary.

BC—34 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few

fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very

fine, fine, and medium pores; 10 percent cobbles

and 55 percent pebbles; strongly acid (pH 5.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches
136 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 55

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

BC horizon:

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—4 or 6

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy

loam, or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 55

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Kalsted Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Remnant stream terraces, alluvial fans,

escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium

Slope range: 0 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

stony, in rangeland, 1,350 feet south and 850 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 28, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 20

percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—3 to 18 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly

sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many fine pores; 5

percent rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, common

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—18 to 30 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common very fine pores; 5

percent rounded cobbles and 25 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, common

distinct lime coatings on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk3—30 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly sandy loam stratified with thin lenses of

loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

few very fine roots; common very fine pores; 30

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

many fine and medium masses of lime,

continuous distinct lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 137

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 5 to 25 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk1 and Bk2 horizons:

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk3 horizon:

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam stratified with more than 50

percent fine and coarser sand

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Kellygulch Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Divides, escarpments, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,500 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Kellygulch coarse sandy loam, very bouldery, in an area

of Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Kellygulch,

very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,900 feet north and 2,700 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed needles,

twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coarse

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine roots and few fine and

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores and

few medium pores; 10 percent granite pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear smooth boundary.

Bw—5 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sandy

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine roots and few fine and medium roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; 10 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary.

BC—13 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine roots and few

fine and medium roots; many very fine and few

fine pores; 20 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—27 to 31 inches; pale olive (5Y 6/3), decomposed

granite bedrock (grus) that crushes to very

gravelly coarse sand or loamy coarse sand.

R—31 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

15 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent (0 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
138 Soil Survey of

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Kimpton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, fine grained

sandstone or fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 15 to 50 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Kimpton very cobbly loam, in an area of Kimpton, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tiban, very bouldery, complex,

25 to 50 percent slopes; in a forested area, 300 feet

south and 150 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

4, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 20

percent angular cobbles and 25 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

E—4 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 20

percent angular cobbles and 20 percent angular

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt—6 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common medium pores;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 20 percent angular cobbles and 25 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—13 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent angular cobbles and 25 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and medium masses and threads of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary.

R—32 inches; hard, fine grained sandstone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 10 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 20 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.1

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 50 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 25

to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 139

Content of rock fragments—25 to 55 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 15

to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—23 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 25

to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy

loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 25 percent cobbles, 25

to 40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—12 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Kobarter Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived mainly from

semiconsolidated shale and siltstone

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

frigid Aridic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Kobarter clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 500 feet west and 600 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 3 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common fine

and very fine roots; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—5 to 18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; common fine and very fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; 5 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bkz—18 to 48 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) silty

clay, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) moist; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine

and very fine roots; common fine and very fine

pores; 5 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine threads of lime; few fine

threads of soluble salts; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth

boundary.

Bz—48 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; very hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very

fine roots; few very fine pores; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; few fine threads of soluble salts; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bkz horizon: 10 to 22 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—27 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Clay content—30 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—2 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4
140 Soil Survey of

Bkz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Electrical conductivity—2 to 8 mmhos/cm

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm

Calcium carbonate equivalent—2 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Kokoruda Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, swales, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 8 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 22 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Kokoruda loam, in an area of Kokoruda-Elmark, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes; in a forested area, 2,600 feet south and 150

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 9 N., R.

2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed leaves, twigs,

needles, and roots.

A1—0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium and

fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine roots and few fine, medium, and coarse roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; 10 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

A2—5 to 11 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) cobbly loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium

and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine roots and few fine, medium, and coarse

roots; 15 percent rounded cobbles and 15 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) cobbly

clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

and fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine roots and few fine, medium, and coarse roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay

films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains;

15 percent rounded cobbles and 10 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 33 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine roots and few fine and

medium roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

many faint clay films on faces of peds and bridging

sand grains; 15 percent rounded cobbles and 15

percent rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1);

clear wavy boundary.

BC—33 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine

roots; common very fine and few fine pores; 20

percent rounded cobbles and 25 percent rounded

pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 8 to 14 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Clay content—10 to 27 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 141

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 10 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 10 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or

clay loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 20 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Kounter Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 4 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Kounter very cobbly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Rock outcrop-Kounter, very bouldery-Jeffcity,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,150 feet north and 1,175 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly coarse sandy loam, very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots and few medium roots; 20 percent rounded

granite cobbles and 15 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—2 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and common fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 15 percent rounded

granite cobbles and 30 percent granite pebbles;

disseminated lime, few faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk—7 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR

5/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine interstitial pores; 10 percent rounded

granite cobbles and 35 percent granite pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine masses and

threads of lime, common distinct lime coatings

around fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

Cr—14 to 17 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to loamy coarse sand.

R—17 inches; hard, light gray (10YR 7/1) granite

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to Bk horizon: 6 to 10 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 5 to 20 percent cobbles, 10 to

30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4
142 Soil Survey of

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 5 to 15 percent cobbles, 30 to

40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 35 to

45 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Kurrie Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from granitic rock deposited over granite bedrock

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Kurrie very cobbly sandy loam, in an area of Releep,

very bouldery-Kurrie, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; in a forested area,

2,100 feet south and 1,500 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed needles,

twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium

and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine roots and few fine and medium roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 20 percent cobbles

and 15 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) very cobbly

sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine, common fine, and few medium

and coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; 5

percent stones, 20 percent cobbles, and 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear wavy

boundary.

E/Bt—9 to 23 inches; 80 percent light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

very cobbly sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

moist (E part); 20 percent light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) very cobbly sandy clay loam, olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist (Bt part); weak medium

and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots and few fine, medium, and

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; many

faint clay films bridging sand grains in the Bt part;

5 percent stones, 30 percent cobbles, and 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt—23 to 41 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

very cobbly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots

and few fine, medium, and coarse roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay films

bridging sand grains; 30 percent cobbles and 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy

boundary.

BC—41 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine and few fine tubular and

interstitial pores; 20 percent pebbles; neutral (pH

6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—46 to 53 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to gravelly coarse sand.

R—53 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 9 to 28 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 40 to 58 inches

Depth to R layer: 43 to 60 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 143

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 0 to 25 percent cobbles, 10

to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, 10

to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E/Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7 or 8 dry, 4, 5, or 6 moist (E part); 4, 5,

or 6 dry, 3, 4, or 5 moist (Bt part)

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4 (E part); 2, 3, or 4 (Bt part)

Texture (mixed)—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam,

or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, 10

to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay

loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 25 to 35 percent cobbles, 10

to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 50 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 20 to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Lahood Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium, colluvium, and

residuum over sandstone or fine grained igneous

rock

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Lahood loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 200

feet north and 1,950 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 8, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine

granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine

roots; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—3 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium and

coarse prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very

fine roots; common fine pores; 5 percent pebbles;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk1—11 to 22 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

fine roots; few or common fine pores; 10 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, common

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—22 to 36 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and
144 Soil Survey of

nonplastic; few or common fine and very fine

roots; few fine pores; 25 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine and medium

threads and masses of lime, common distinct lime

coatings on fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth

boundary.

R—36 inches; hard, brown (10YR 4/3), coarse grained

sandstone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Lap Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Escarpments, divides, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium and residuum derived

from limestone

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Lap very gravelly loam, in an area of Maiden-LapWindham complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,250 feet west and 800 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 5 percent angular cobbles and 40 percent

angular limestone pebbles; disseminated lime;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 10

percent angular cobbles and 55 percent angular

limestone pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine and medium threads and masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—7 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots;

common very fine pores; 15 percent angular

limestone cobbles and 60 percent angular

limestone pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine and medium threads and masses of lime,

many prominent lime casts around fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); clear smooth boundary.

R—18 inches; hard limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 145

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 45

percent pebbles or channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent in

the particle-size fraction less than 2 mm and

more than 40 percent in the particle-size

fraction less than 20 mm

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 60

percent channers or pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

in the particle-size fraction less than 2 mm and

more than 40 percent in the particle-size

fraction less than 20 mm

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Ledger Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow (less than 0.06 inch per hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Saline and sodic alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

calcareous, frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Ledger silty clay loam, in an area of Ledger-MoltonerMckenton complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

2,100 feet south and 2,600 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 33, T. 2 N., R. 4 W.

Az1—0 to 3 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and

fine pores; disseminated lime; common very fine

threads and masses of soluble salt; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Az2—3 to 7 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

thin and medium platy structure; slightly hard, very

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium

roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores and

few medium tubular pores; disseminated lime;

common very fine and fine masses and threads of

soluble salt; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Cz1—7 to 16 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate

thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

tubular pores; disseminated lime; few very fine

masses and threads of soluble salt; strongly

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear wavy

boundary.

Cz2—16 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very

fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular

pores; disseminated lime; common very fine and

fine masses and threads of soluble salt; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

wavy boundary.

Ckzg1—25 to 34 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist;

common faint very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox

depletions; few faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redox concentrations; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common

very fine tubular pores; disseminated lime, few

very fine masses and threads of lime; common

very fine and fine masses and threads of soluble

salt; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Ckzg2—34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
146 Soil Survey of

moist; common faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) redox

depletions; massive; very hard, very firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very

fine roots; disseminated lime, few fine and medium

masses and threads of lime; common fine masses

and threads of soluble salt; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches for

extended periods during spring and early summer

Az horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—15 to 40 percent

Electrical conductivity—8 to 20 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Cz1 and Cz2 horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay with

thin strata of loamy very fine sand, loam, or silt

loam

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Electrical conductivity—8 to 20 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Ckzg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay with

thin strata of loamy very fine sand, loam, or silt

loam

Clay content (weighted average)—25 to 45

percent

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Libeg Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, outwash terraces, and side

slopes of mountains and mountain valleys

Parent material: Colluvium, alluvium, and till derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 1 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

bouldery, in rangeland, 300 feet east and 300 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 5 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; 10 percent rounded

cobbles and 30 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; many very fine pores; common faint clay

films on faces of peds; 20 percent rounded

cobbles and 40 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 31 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very cobbly clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine

roots and common medium roots; many very fine

pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 25 percent rounded

cobbles and 35 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—31 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

extremely cobbly clay loam, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 147

structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; common very fine pores; common distinct

clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 25 percent rounded cobbles and 40

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 14 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 8 to 14 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

15 percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—15 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent (0 to

50 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt1 and Bt2 horizons:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

50 percent stones and cobbles, 10 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt3 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy

loam

Clay content—10 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (5 to

50 percent stones and cobbles, 10 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Lowder Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, swales, moraines, and floodplain steps

Parent material: Slope alluvium and alpine glacial till

derived from hard, fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, nonacid Typic Cryaquepts

Typical Pedon

Lowder very cobbly loam, in an area of Lowder-Elvick

very cobbly loams, 2 to 15 percent slopes, very

bouldery; in a forested area, 2,300 feet north and

1,700 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 4

N., R. 3 W.

Oe—2 inches to 0; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) cobbly

mucky peat, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry;

massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; 5 percent rounded

cobbles and 10 percent rounded pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) cobbly mucky

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; many very fine and

fine roots and common medium roots; many very

fine and fine pores; 5 percent cobbles and 10

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bg1—2 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) very cobbly sandy clay loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) dry; common medium faint dark gray

(5Y 4/1) redox depletions; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many very fine and fine pores; 20 percent

cobbles and 25 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—7 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very cobbly sandy clay loam, light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) dry; common medium faint dark gray

(5Y 4/1) redox depletions and few fine faint

reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) redox concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and fine roots and few coarse

roots; many very fine and fine pores; 25 percent

cobbles and 20 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bg3—12 to 21 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)
148 Soil Survey of

very cobbly coarse sandy loam, light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) dry; few medium faint very dark

gray (5Y 3/1) redox depletions and common fine

distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) redox

concentrations; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots and few coarse roots; many very fine and

fine pores; 20 percent cobbles and 25 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual irregular

boundary.

Bg4—21 to 33 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) dry; common distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions and many distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) redox concentrations; massive; hard,

firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very

fine, fine, and medium roots; 15 percent cobbles

and 35 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

gradual irregular boundary.

BCg—33 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) dry;

common medium distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions and few fine distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) redox concentrations; massive;

very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; 15

percent cobbles and 40 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Water table: At the surface to 12 inches below the

surface from May through August

Oe horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3 moist; 3 or 4 dry

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 10 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3 moist; 3 or 4 dry

Chroma—0, 1, or 2

Texture—mucky silt loam or mucky loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Bg1, Bg2, and Bg3 horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 or 4 moist; 5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 25 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Bg4 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 moist; 5 or 6 dry

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 25 to 55

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

BCg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 moist; 5 or 6 dry

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 35 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Lowland Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from tuffaceous volcanic rocks

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Vitrandic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Lowland loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, stony, in
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 149

rangeland, 1,600 feet west and 1,200 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 6 N., R. 6 W.

A—0 to 12 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, black

(10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bw—12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) cobbly

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common

fine pores; 10 percent cobbles and 20 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

BC—20 to 38 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) very

cobbly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common

fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and 25 percent

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

C—38 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) very cobbly

loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 15 percent stones,

20 percent cobbles, and 20 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons (lab data pending)

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 23 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles and stones, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or

coarse sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 23 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 50 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, loam,

or loamy sand

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Lumpgulch Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, residuum, and slope

alluvium derived from granite

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,500 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Lumpgulch gravelly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Elmark, bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes; in a forested area,
150 Soil Survey of

675 feet north and 875 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak medium and fine granular structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine, common fine, and few medium

and coarse roots; 15 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.

E—2 to 7 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine, common fine,

and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

and few fine pores; 25 percent granite pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; moderate medium and coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots and few medium and coarse roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay films

bridging sand grains and on faces of peds; 30

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear

wavy boundary.

Cr—22 to 27 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—27 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to the argillic horizon: 7 to 16 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.01 to 3.0

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam, coarse sandy loam, or

loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Macabre Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

decomposing welded tuff and deep (40 to 60

inches) to hard, fractured welded tuff bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Side slopes of hills and mountains

Parent material: Residuum and slope alluvium derived

from welded tuff bedrock

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,500 to 6,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Vitrandic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Macabre very cobbly sandy clay loam, in an area of

nonstocked forest, 1,300 feet west and 1,800 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 4 N., R. 11

W., Deer Lodge County, Montana:

A—0 to 9 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very cobbly sandy

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate very fine and fine granular

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

15 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 151

Bt—9 to 17 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine,

common medium, and few coarse roots; many

medium tubular pores; common distinct clay films

on faces of peds; 15 percent cobbles and 25

percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—17 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very cobbly sandy clay loam, light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots and few medium and coarse roots; common

medium tubular pores; 20 percent cobbles and 25

percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual

irregular boundary.

Cr—27 to 41 inches; light gray (N 7/), decomposing

welded tuff bedrock.

R—41 inches; light gray (5Y 7/1), fractured, hard

welded tuff bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to argillic horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—23 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Maiden Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, divides, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, residuum, and slope

alluvium derived from limestone

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Maiden very gravelly loam, in an area of Maiden-LapWindham complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 900 feet south and 650 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 1, T. 1 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate fine and medium granular

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; 5

percent cobbles and 35 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, few faint coatings of lime on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundary.

Ak—4 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many
152 Soil Survey of

very fine and fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and

40 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine threads and masses of light gray (10YR 7/2)

lime, few faint lime coatings on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk1—7 to 18 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very cobbly

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; common

fine and many very fine pores; 25 percent cobbles

and 30 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, many

medium masses and threads of white (10YR 8/2)

lime, common distinct lime casts on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—18 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very cobbly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

few very fine roots; few or common very fine

pores; 20 percent cobbles and 40 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, many medium masses and

threads of white (10YR 8/2) lime, many prominent

lime casts on surface of fragments; violently

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt

smooth boundary.

R—26 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2), hard limestone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 8 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 8 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

(including rock fragments less than 20 mm in

size)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Marcel Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans; side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Alpine glacial till or slope alluvium

derived from hard, fine grained igneous or

metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Oxyaquic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Marcel gravelly loam, in an area of Sebud-Marcel

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, bouldery, in

rangeland, 850 feet south and 2,350 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 31, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

Oe—2 inches to 0; decomposed leaves and roots.

A1—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

5 percent rounded cobbles and 20 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy

boundary.

A2—2 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) gravelly

loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

5 percent rounded cobbles and 20 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

A3—9 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) very gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 153

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 10 percent rounded

cobbles and 25 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—18 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of

peds; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 40 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual

irregular boundary.

Bt2—24 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

moist; few faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; many very fine and fine pores; common faint

clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent cobbles

and 35 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual

irregular boundary.

Bt3—42 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist;

common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; moderate coarse prismatic

structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots;

common very fine pores; few faint clay films on

faces of peds; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 35

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 26 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 14 to 26 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches

from May through July

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt1 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 30 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt2 and Bt3 horizons:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—22 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 30 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Martinsdale Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, remnant stream terraces, and

side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 1 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Martinsdale loam, in an area of Martinsdale, stonyMartinsdale-Hilger complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 400 feet west and 1,100 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate
154 Soil Survey of

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 5 percent rounded

cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—9 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; common fine and very fine roots; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces

of peds and bridging sand grains; 5 percent

rounded cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—11 to 33 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine and medium roots; common very

fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 20

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—33 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

very gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine

roots in the upper part and few roots in the lower

part; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 30 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common

medium masses and threads of lime, common

distinct lime coatings on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 30 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or

sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Mckenton Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Saline and sodic, recent alluvium

derived from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

calcareous, frigid Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Mckenton clay loam, in an area of Ledger-MoltonerMckenton complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

1,800 feet north and 2,400 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 13, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

Ag1—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) dry;

many distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox

depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and

fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 155

strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH

9.6); clear wavy boundary.

Ag2—2 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) dry;

many distinct very dark gray (N 3/) redox

depletions; strong medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 5 percent rounded pebbles; strongly

effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bg—6 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; many

prominent black (N 2.5/) redox depletions; strong

coarse prismatic structure; very hard, very firm,

very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and

fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; slightly effervescent;

very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bkzg1—11 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) gravelly clay loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) dry; many distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions and few distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; strong coarse

and very coarse prismatic structure; very hard,

firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine and fine pores; 15 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common medium masses and

threads of lime, common distinct lime coatings on

undersides of pebbles; common medium masses

and threads of soluble salt; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual irregular

boundary.

2Bkzg2—17 to 28 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1)

and dark gray (5Y 4/1) gravelly clay loam, olive

(5Y 5/3) dry; common distinct very dark gray (5Y

3/1) redox depletions and common distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; massive;

hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; 20 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, few fine masses and threads of

lime, few faint lime coatings on pebbles; few fine

masses and threads of salt; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual irregular

boundary.

2Bkzg3—28 to 45 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) and

greenish gray (5GY 5/1) gravelly clay loam with

thin strata of clay and loam, olive (5Y 5/4) dry;

common distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redox

depletions; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky

and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few

very fine pores; 30 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, few fine threads of lime; few

fine masses and threads of soluble salt; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cg—45 to 60 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) and greenish

gray (5GY 5/1), stratified gravelly clay loam and

clay, pale olive (5Y 6/3) and greenish gray (5GY

5/1) dry; common distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

redox depletions; massive; hard, friable, slightly

sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots;

few very fine pores; 30 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 11 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 15 inches

Water table: At the surface to 12 inches below the

surface for extended periods during spring and

summer

Ag horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Clay content—22 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Electrical conductivity—8 to 20 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 16

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 16

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

2Bkzg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4
156 Soil Survey of

Texture—clay loam, clay, or silty clay loam

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—2 to 13

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

2Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y, 5GY, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—35 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—2 to 13

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Meadowcreek Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Drainageways, flood plains, flood-plain

steps, and terraces

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,600 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Meadowcreek loam, in an area of FairwayMeadowcreek complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

pasture, 2,700 feet south and 2,180 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 1 N., R. 3 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak

fine and medium granular structure; soft, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine roots; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.

A—6 to 14 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine

and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine roots; many fine pores; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bg—14 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

common faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) redox

concentrations; weak medium and coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.

2C—27 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly loamy sand, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; common faint brown (7.5YR 5/4)

redox concentrations; single grain; loose,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; 5

percent rounded cobbles and 55 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

2C horizon:

Texture—sand or loamy sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 75 percent (0 to
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 157

15 percent cobbles and stones, 50 to 70

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Mocmont Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, ridges, and side

slopes of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium or slope alluvium derived

from argillite, fine grained igneous rock, or

sandstone

Slope range: 25 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Mocmont very cobbly loam, in an area of Mocmont,

bouldery-Roegulch, rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25

to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area, 1,250 feet

east and 1,475 feet south of the northwest corner of

sec. 6, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; forest litter of undecomposed and

partially decomposed needles, twigs, cones, and

leaves.

A—0 to 1 inch; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very cobbly loam,

black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;

15 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bt/E—1 to 9 inches; 60 percent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) very cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist (Bt part); 40 percent light gray (10YR 6/1)

very gravelly loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist (E

part); strong medium subangular blocky structure;

hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

medium, fine, and very fine roots and common

coarse roots; many fine and very fine pores; 10

percent angular cobbles and 35 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—9 to 21 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very

cobbly clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

strong medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots

and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

and fine pores; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 20 percent angular cobbles

and 25 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—21 to 37 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots and few coarse roots; many very fine and

fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 35 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—37 to 50 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

very fine and fine roots; common very fine pores;

15 percent angular cobbles and 50 percent

angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear

wavy boundary.

C—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; single grain;

loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine

roots; 15 percent angular cobbles and 60 percent

angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles, 5 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist (E part); 5 or 6 dry,

4 or 5 moist (Bt part)

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Texture (mixed)—loam or clay loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent (E part); 25 to 35

percent (Bt part)

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10
158 Soil Survey of

to 30 percent cobbles, 25 to 55 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (10

to 30 percent cobbles, 25 to 55 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 90 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—loamy coarse sand or loamy sand

Clay content—10 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 90 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 60

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Moltoner Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Saline and sodic alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Aeric Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Moltoner silt loam, in an area of Ledger-MoltonerMckenton complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

1,700 feet north and 1,900 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 23, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

Az—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate very

fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine

pores; disseminated lime; few very fine masses of

soluble salt; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.

Cz1—5 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam with thin strata of fine and medium sand,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few faint strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine roots; many very fine pores;

disseminated lime; few very fine masses of soluble

salt; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); clear wavy boundary.

Cz2—20 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; common

faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;

common very fine pores; disseminated lime; few

very fine masses and threads of soluble salt;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Czg1—27 to 35 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

coarse sandy loam consisting of thin layers of

loam, silt loam, and coarse sand, light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common faint very dark gray

(5Y 3/1) redox depletions; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine roots; common very fine pores;

disseminated lime; few very fine masses and

threads of soluble salt; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy

boundary.

Czg2—35 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam

consisting of thin layers of silt and fine sand, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations

and common faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) redox

depletions; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine

pores; disseminated lime; few very fine threads of
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 159

soluble salt; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); clear wavy boundary.

Cg—49 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam

consisting of thin layers of loam, clay, and silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; many

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox

concentrations and many distinct dark gray (5Y

4/1) redox depletions; massive; hard, firm, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine pores;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to the water table: 6 to 24 inches during early

spring runoff and during irrigation

Az horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Cz and Czg horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, coarse sandy loam, or

silt loam consisting of thin layers of silt, clay,

loamy fine sand, fine sand or coarse sand, and

sand and gravel

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 30

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam consisting

of thin layers of loamy fine sand, fine sand or

sand and gravel, silt, and clay

Clay content (weighted average)—18 to 35

percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—8 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 20

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Monaberg Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and alpine glacial till

derived from hard, fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Monaberg gravelly loam, in an area of LibegMonaberg gravelly loams, 2 to 15 percent slopes,

bouldery, in rangeland, 20 feet east and 2,640 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 1, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine roots; 20 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 20 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—11 to 17 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to strong medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine pores; common distinct clay films
160 Soil Survey of

on faces of peds; 20 percent pebbles; neutral (pH

7.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium

roots; many very fine pores; common faint clay

films on faces of peds; 15 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—27 to 48 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

weak medium and coarse prismatic structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; common medium pores; few faint

clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual irregular

boundary.

BC—48 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

gravelly loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine

and fine pores; 30 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Mooseflat Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic

Cryaquolls

Typical Pedon

Mooseflat loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, in pasture,

1,600 feet east and 1,700 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 22, T. 6 N., R. 6 W.

Oe—0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; neutral (pH

6.8); clear smooth boundary.

A—2 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, gray (10YR

5/1) dry; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redox concentrations; moderate medium

granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and

fine roots; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth

boundary.

Bg—10 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; common fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redox

concentrations; weak thin platy structure; hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; common very fine pores;

neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary.

BCg—18 to 22 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy

fine sand, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redox

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine pores;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 161

5 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg—22 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very cobbly

loamy sand, light gray (10YR 6/1) dry; single grain;

loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 35 percent

rounded cobbles and 25 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 19 inches

Depth to 2Cg horizon: 14 to 26 inches

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 12 inches

below the surface from April through June

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

cobbles and pebbles

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

cobbles and pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 20 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry

Texture—sand, loamy sand, coarse sand, or

loamy coarse sand

Clay content—2 to 12 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 50 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Musselshell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, plains, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from limestone

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, carbonatic,

frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Musselshell cobbly loam, in an area of MusselshellCrago cobbly loams, 1 to 4 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 60 feet west and 1,600 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 5 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine roots; 10 percent

rounded cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear smooth

boundary.

Bk1—2 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) cobbly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 10

percent rounded cobbles and 15 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, common

distinct lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.3); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—6 to 11 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 15 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, many fine

and medium threads and masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual wavy boundary.
162 Soil Survey of

Bk3—11 to 33 inches; white (10YR 8/2) gravelly loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

and fine roots; common very fine pores; 5 percent

rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine and medium

threads and masses of lime, many distinct lime

casts on fragments; violently effervescent; strongly

alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual wavy boundary.

2C—33 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very

fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 45

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, common distinct lime casts around

fragments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline

(pH 8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to 2C material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—20 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent cobbles, 30 to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Nestley Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,

frigid Oxyaquic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Nestley silt loam, in an area of Nestley-RiverrunPieriver complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture,

700 feet south and 2,100 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 3 W.

A1—0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium

roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy

boundary.

A2—1 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine

and few fine pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine roots; common very fine pores;

5 percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.8); abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—16 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots in the upper 12
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 163

inches; 50 percent pebbles; few faint lime coatings

on fragments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 35 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 9 to 25 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Clay content—14 to 32 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 10 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam with

more than 50 percent fine sand or coarser

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Clay content—2 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 35 to 70 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Nieman Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Nieman very cobbly loam, in an area of Nieman, very

stony-Rock outcrop-Libeg, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, in rangeland, 700 feet north and 75

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 18, T. 3 N., R.

4 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very cobbly loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 20 percent angular cobbles and 25 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—4 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many very fine and fine pores; common faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 25 percent angular cobbles

and 30 angular percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—8 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

extremely cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and many

very fine roots matted in cracks and on

undersides of fragments; many very fine and fine

pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 35 percent angular

cobbles and 35 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0).

R—13 inches; hard, fine grained igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 4 to 7 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches
164 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

35 percent cobbles, 30 to 45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Nippt Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) to a depth of 15 inches and rapid (6 to 20

inches per hour) below this depth

Landform: Stream terraces and flood-plain steps

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,

frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Nippt gravelly loam, in an area of Nippt-Geohrock

gravelly loams, 2 to 4 percent slopes, in rangeland,

2,300 feet north and 1,600 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 25, T. 12 N., R. 5 W., Lewis and Clark

County, Montana:

E—0 to 3 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate very thin platy structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

vesicular pores; 15 percent pebbles; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—3 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure; hard, friable, sticky

and plastic; common very fine and fine roots;

many very fine tubular and interstitial pores; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3 moist) clay films on

faces of peds; 25 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 15 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely

gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;

continuous distinct lime casts on undersides of

pebbles; 60 percent pebbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bk2—15 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2)

extremely gravelly sand, dark brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots;

continuous faint lime casts on undersides of

pebbles; 65 percent pebbles; strongly

effervescent; strongly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 47 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 10 inches

Depth to 2Bk horizon: 10 to 20 inches

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 15 to 50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 70 percent (0 to

25 percent cobbles, 35 to 60 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 165

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—0 to 5 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles, 40 to 70 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Nivean Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Side slopes of hills and mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from welded tuff

bedrock

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,500 to 6,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Nivean very cobbly loam, in an area of Nivean, very

stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,600 feet west and

2,100 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 19, T. 6

N., R. 6 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak very fine and fine granular structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

many very fine and fine roots; 20 percent angular

tuff cobbles and 15 percent angular tuff pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few coarse roots; 10

percent angular tuff cobbles and 30 percent

angular tuff pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—7 to 12 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly

sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; many medium pores; 5 percent

angular tuff cobbles and 35 percent angular tuff

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy

boundary.

Cr—12 to 16 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2), poorly

consolidated welded tuff bedrock.

R—16 inches; light gray (5Y 7/1), fractured, hard

welded tuff bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.1

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 45 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Opitz Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock (grus) and deep (40 to

60 inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, plateaus, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium, colluvium, and

residuum derived from granite
166 Soil Survey of

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Opitz coarse sandy loam, in an area of Opitz,

bouldery-Branham, very bouldery-Tuggle, very

bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,650 feet north and 975 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 6, T. 3 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

coarse sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 10

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—10 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; common distinct clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 20 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; common faint clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 30

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—22 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and

fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; 40

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

irregular boundary.

Cr—36 to 57 inches; decomposed granite bedrock

(grus) that crushes to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—57 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 13 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 14 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or

sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 22 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Clay content—3 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 167

Peeler Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Eutric Glossocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Peeler bouldery sandy loam, in an area of PeelerRock outcrop complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,900 feet west and 600 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles and twigs.

E—0 to 5 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

bouldery sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common fine and very fine roots and few medium

roots; many very fine pores; 10 percent boulders

and 10 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.4); clear smooth boundary.

E/B—5 to 12 inches; 80 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist (E part); 20 percent brown (10YR 5/3) sandy

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist (B part); moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 10

percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3);

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt/E—12 to 21 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist (Bt part);

20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist (E part);

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots and few

medium roots; many very fine pores; many distinct

clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 10 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid

(pH 6.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Bt1—21 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; weak medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; common very fine

pores; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 5 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.1); gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—29 to 45 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots and few medium

and coarse roots; common very fine pores; few

faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 5 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); gradual wavy

boundary.

C—45 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

fine and very fine roots; 20 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (5 to

15 percent boulders or stones, 0 to 5 percent

cobbles, 10 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

E/B and Bt/E horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles
168 Soil Survey of

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Pensore Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, knolls, ridges, strath

terraces, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from limestone

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Pensore very gravelly loam, in an area of PensoreRock outcrop-Roto complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,150 feet west and 700 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 32, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 5 percent angular cobbles and 35 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, common faint

lime coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk—7 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; common very fine pores;

5 percent angular cobbles and 50 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, many

distinct lime casts on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

smooth boundary.

R—19 inches; hard limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 6 inches

and the lithic contact

Depth to Bk horizon: 3 to 7 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 55 percent

pebbles and channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—7 or 8 dry; 6 or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 55

percent pebbles and channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

(including coarse fragments less than 3/4 inch in

size)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Perma Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Perma cobbly loam, in an area of Perma, stony-
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 169

Whitlash, very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 2,590 feet east and 1,520 feet

north of the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 7 N., R. 4

W.

A1—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 15 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

A2—7 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine

pores; 10 percent angular cobbles and 45 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw1—13 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; common very fine

pores; 15 percent angular cobbles and 35 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw2—28 to 44 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine pores; 15 percent angular cobbles and 40

percent angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);

gradual wavy boundary.

BC—44 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

extremely gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine

roots; 20 percent angular cobbles and 50 percent

angular pebbles; common faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0.01

to 3.0 percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (0 to

50 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 65

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—0 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 85 percent (10

to 50 percent cobbles and stones, 50 to 65

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Pieriver Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Oxyaquic

Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Pieriver loam, in an area of Cardwell-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture, 420 feet east and

200 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 1

N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam with
170 Soil Survey of

few thin strata of loamy sand, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium granular

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary.

C1—7 to 19 inches; light gray (10YR 5/1) loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate thin

platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores;

disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth

boundary.

C2—19 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 6/1) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few faint

light gray (N 7/) redox depletions; weak thin platy

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots;

common fine pores; disseminated lime; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

smooth boundary.

C3—38 to 47 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy

fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; few

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redox

concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots;

disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth

boundary.

C4—47 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/1) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; common

prominent dark gray (N 4/) redox depletions;

massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately

plastic; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 24 to 42 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or sandy loam; thin strata

of loamy sand in some pedons

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

C1, C2, and C4 horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam; thin

strata of loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

and gravel in some pedons

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

C3 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy fine sand

Clay content—8 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Placerton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock (grus) and deep (40 to

60 inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, divides, and side slopes of hills and

mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,800 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Placerton gravelly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex, 8 to 15 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 1,000 feet south and 900 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 5 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly

sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 171

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few

fine roots; many very fine and fine pores and few

medium pores; 20 percent granite pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; many faint clay films on faces of

peds; 30 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—11 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 25

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

smooth boundary.

Bk—21 to 29 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common

very fine pores; 30 percent granite pebbles;

disseminated lime, few fine masses of lime;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.3); clear smooth boundary.

Cr—29 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand or loamy coarse

sand.

R—58 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 16 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 15 to 30 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Quaint Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges, plateaus, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from hard, red shale bedrock

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,600 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Quaint channery loam, in an area of Quaint-Rock

outcrop-Redfist complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 300 feet north and 1,200 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 13, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; weak red (2.5YR 4/2) channery

loam, dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine
172 Soil Survey of

and fine roots; 25 percent channers; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—5 to 11 inches; weak red (10R 5/3) very

channery loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

fine and very fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; 5 percent flagstones and 35 percent

channers; disseminated lime, few faint lime

coatings on fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk2—11 to 14 inches; weak red (10R 5/3) very

channery loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots;

common very fine and fine pores; 5 percent

flagstones and 55 percent channers; disseminated

lime, common distinct lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear smooth

boundary.

R—14 inches; weak, red (10R 5/3), fractured, hard

shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact

Depth to Bk horizon: 3 to 7 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones or boulders: 0 to

3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 15 to 30 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10R, 2.5YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 30 to 55 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Quincreek Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from fractured, red shale bedrock

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Quincreek channery loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 400 feet south and 2,200 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) channery loam,

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots;

20 percent shale channers; neutral (pH 7.3); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt—3 to 9 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) channery

clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; common

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; 20 percent shale channers; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1—9 to 19 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) very

channery loam, brown (7.5YR 5/2) moist;

moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common

very fine pores; 40 percent shale channers;

disseminated lime, common fine masses and

threads of lime, common distinct lime coatings on

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—19 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) very

channery loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 173

roots; common very fine pores; 55 percent shale

channers; disseminated lime, common fine

masses of lime, common faint lime coatings on

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.

R—27 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3), hard,

fractured shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 6 to 10 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 6 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 20 percent

channers

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

channers

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—22 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 50 percent

channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent

channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Raghorn Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite

Slope range: 0 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Raghorn sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 870 feet north and 1,280 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 5 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth

boundary.

A2—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many fine and very fine roots and few medium

roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth

boundary.

Bt—7 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist;

strong coarse prismatic structure parting to strong

medium and coarse angular blocky; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine

tubular pores; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline (pH

7.6); gradual smooth boundary.

BC—12 to 20 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

gradual smooth boundary.

2C1—20 to 44 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy

coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

or common very fine roots; disseminated lime;
174 Soil Survey of

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear smooth boundary.

3C2—44 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3),

stratified sandy loam and loam, dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 11 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0 to 0.1

percent

A horizon:

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent (0 to

15 percent pebbles, 0 to 10 percent cobbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to

15 percent pebbles, 0 to 3 percent cobbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

C horizon:

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy coarse sand and stratified sandy

loam and loam

Clay content—5 to 18 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Ratiopeak Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from hard, fine grained sandstone or fine grained

igneous rock

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Argicryolls

Typical Pedon

Ratiopeak gravelly loam, in an area of RatiopeakTiban gravelly loams, 4 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery,

in rangeland, 1,650 feet south and 1,000 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 20 percent angular pebbles; slightly acid

(pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 25 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—10 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores and

few medium pores; common faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 40

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 26 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; many very fine

and fine pores; common distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; 40 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—26 to 35 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

coarse prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine

and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores

and few medium pores; few distinct clay films on
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 175

faces of peds; 45 percent angular pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk—35 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very

gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

very fine and fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; 5 percent angular cobbles and 50

percent angular pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine masses and threads of lime,

common distinct lime casts on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 11 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 25 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, 5, or 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent stones and cobbles, 35 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 30 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Raynesford Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, swales, and drainageways

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from mixed rock sources with a high percentage of

limestone fragments

Slope range: 4 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, carbonatic

Calcic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Raynesford silt loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,925 feet west and 2,175 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate very

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear

smooth boundary.

A2—2 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots and few medium roots; 5 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—5 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

strong medium prismatic structure parting to

strong fine subangular blocky; many very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; many very fine

and fine pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—10 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to

strong medium subangular blocky; many very fine

and fine roots and common medium roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 10 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—15 to 36 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium
176 Soil Survey of

and coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores;

25 percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common

fine and medium threads and masses of lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—36 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly

silt loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots and few medium roots; common fine and

very fine pores; 20 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine threads and masses of lime,

common faint lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 16 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Redfern Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, divides, and side

slopes of mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 15 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Redfern very cobbly loam, in an area of Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tigeron, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area,

1,200 feet south and 1,800 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 3 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

20 percent angular cobbles and 30 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.9); clear smooth

boundary.

E—3 to 7 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 20

percent angular cobbles and 40 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; common very

fine and fine pores; many distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 177

bridging sand grains; 20 percent angular cobbles

and 45 percent angular pebbles; moderately acid

(pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary.

R—18 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), hard, fine

grained igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 13 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

20 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 30 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 25

to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—23 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

15 percent stones, 15 to 30 percent cobbles, 20

to 45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Redfist Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from red shale bedrock

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Calcic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Redfist channery loam, in an area of Redfist-Quaint

channery loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland,

2,500 feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 34, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) channery

loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many fine and very fine roots; 20 percent shale

channers; disseminated lime; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—4 to 11 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/3)

channery loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many very fine pores; 30 percent shale channers;

disseminated lime, common distinct lime coatings

on undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—11 to 29 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) very

channery loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine roots;

common very fine pores; 50 percent shale

channers; disseminated lime, many distinct lime

crusts on undersides of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear

wavy boundary.

R—29 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2), fractured

shale bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 4 to 7 inches
178 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0 to 0.1

percent

A horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 25 percent

channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—2.5YR or 5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 40 percent

channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

channers

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Releep Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock (grus) and deep (40 to

60 inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 15 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Releep cobbly sandy loam, in an area of Releep, very

bouldery-Kurrie, very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes; in a forested area, 2,100 feet

south and 2,600 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed needles,

twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) cobbly sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium

and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and common fine roots; many very fine and

fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and 15 percent

granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 11 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) cobbly sandy

loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine, common fine, and few medium roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 15 percent cobbles

and 15 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bt/E—11 to 16 inches; 70 percent light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) cobbly sandy clay loam, light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist (Bt part); 30 percent

light gray (2.5Y 7/2) cobbly coarse sandy loam,

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist (E part); weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine, common fine, and

few medium roots; many very fine and few fine

pores; many faint clay films bridging sand grains in

the Bt part; 15 percent cobbles and 5 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt—16 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

cobbly sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

many faint clay films bridging sand grains; 15

percent cobbles and 5 percent granite pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary.

BC—29 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 179

very fine and fine roots; common very fine and few

fine pores; 20 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—38 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—46 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 8 to 20 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 15 percent cobbles, 5 to

15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 5 to 15 percent cobbles, 5 to

15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part); 6 or 7 dry,

5 or 6 moist (E part)

Chroma—2, 3, or 4 (Bt part); 1, 2, or 3 (E part)

Texture (mixed)—coarse sandy loam or sandy

clay loam

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 5 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 5 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 25 percent pebbles,

mostly less than 7 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Rencot Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, strath terraces, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Rencot gravelly loam, in an area of Rencot-Rock

outcrop-Rencot, stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 1,400 feet east and 400 feet

north of the southwest corner of sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 2

W.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium roots; 5 percent angular cobbles and

25 percent angular pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—4 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; many very fine and fine
180 Soil Survey of

pores; 10 percent angular cobbles and 35 percent

angular pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and medium threads and masses of lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—10 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots matted between fragments; 20

percent angular cobbles and 50 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, many distinct lime

coatings on fragments; violently effervescent;

strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary.

R—19 inches; fractured, hard, fine grained sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to Bk horizon: 3 to 8 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Repkie Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills and mountains

Parent material: Colluvium derived mainly from fine

grained igneous rocks and granite

Slope range: 25 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Repkie very gravelly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Repkie, very stony-Yreka, stony-Skyview, very

bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 900 feet south and 1,100 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots

and few fine and medium roots; many very fine

and few fine pores; 45 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

E/Bw—7 to 18 inches; 70 percent very pale brown

(10YR 7/3) very cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown

(10YR 5/3) moist (E part); 30 percent brown

(10YR 5/3) very cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown

(10YR 4/3) moist (Bw part); weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine roots and few fine and medium roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; 20 percent cobbles

and 35 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—18 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common

very fine roots and few fine and medium roots;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 181

common very fine and few fine pores; 15 percent

cobbles and 40 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6);

clear wavy boundary.

BC—42 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine

roots; few very fine and fine pores; 10 percent

cobbles and 40 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0.1 to 3.0

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 35 to

45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E/Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist (E part); 5 or 6 dry,

4 or 5 moist (Bw part)

Chroma—1, 2, or 3 (E part); 2, 3, or 4 (Bw part)

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, 25

to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent cobbles, 30 to 50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Riverrun Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid (6.0 to 20.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,

frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Riverrun gravelly sandy loam, in an area of CardwellRiverrun-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,100 feet north and 1,150 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly

hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and common fine roots; 15 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth

boundary.

C1—4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots;

20 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

clear smooth boundary.

C2—9 to 57 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly loamy coarse sand, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky

and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; 50

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

C3—57 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

very fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
182 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 36 inches

Depth to the water table: 42 to 60 inches for extended

periods during late spring or early summer

Note: A saline phase is recognized.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 2, 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Clay content—6 to 26 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 50 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 4 (saline phase)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8; pH 6.6 to 7.8 in the

saline phase

C1 and C3 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Clay content—2 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 35 percent

pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 4 (saline phase)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 6.6 to 8.4 in the

saline phase

C2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Clay content—2 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 35 to 70

percent pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—2 to 8 mmhos/cm (saline

phase)

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 4 (saline phase)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4; pH 6.6 to 8.4 in the

saline phase

Rivra Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2 to 6 inches per hour)

to a depth of 6 inches and rapid (6 to 20 inches

per hour) below this depth

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,

frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Rivra very gravelly loam, in an area of Ryell-Rivra

complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,600

feet south and 2,200 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 1, T. 21 N., R. 7 W., Lewis and Clark County,

Montana:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

very thin platy structure parting to weak very fine

granular; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; 25

percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles;

disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C1—6 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely gravelly loamy sand, dark brown (10YR

4/3) moist; single grain; loose, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; 50 percent pebbles and 20

percent cobbles; disseminated lime; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

C2—20 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely gravelly sand, dark brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; single grain; loose; few very fine roots in the

upper part; 55 percent pebbles and 15 percent

cobbles; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 47 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 35 inches; dry in all parts between 4/10 and 5/10

of the cumulative days per year when the soil

temperature at a depth of 20 inches is 41 degrees

F or higher
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 183

Water table: At the surface to 3.5 feet below the

surface at some time during the months of April,

May, June, or July

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—1 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

C1 and C2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand or loamy sand that consists of

stratification of these and some finer sands

Clay content—0 to 5 percent

Content of rock fragments—55 to 80 percent (10

to 20 percent stones and cobbles, 45 to 70

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Roegulch Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Roegulch cobbly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Skyview, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Roegulch, very

bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 2,100 feet south and 500 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; partially decomposed needles,

twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and few fine roots; many very fine and fine pores

and few medium pores; 20 percent cobbles and 10

percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

smooth boundary.

Bw—4 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine, common fine and

medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; 10 percent stones, 20 percent

cobbles, and 20 percent granite pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary.

Cr—16 to 19 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—19 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 6 inches

and the lithic contact

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

20 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 15 to 25 percent cobbles, 20

to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
184 Soil Survey of

Rothiemay Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, and stream terraces

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Rothiemay very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,

in cropland, 1,200 feet south and 2,600 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; strong medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; 5

percent rounded cobbles and 35 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Bk1—6 to 21 inches; white (10YR 8/2) loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) moist; moderate medium and

coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium and fine subangular blocky; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; many very fine pores; 10 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and medium threads and masses of lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—21 to 32 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/4)

gravelly loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

moist; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots;

many very fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles

and 15 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine and medium threads and

masses of lime, common distinct lime coatings on

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary.

Bk3—32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very

fine pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 20

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, common distinct lime casts on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 6 to 7 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 45 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles, 10 to 40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Note—calcareous when mixed to a depth of 7

inches

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Roto Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from limestone

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 185

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Roto very channery loam, in an area of Roto-PensoreCrago complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, stony, in

rangeland, 900 feet south and 1,750 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

channery loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots; 35 percent channers and 5

percent flagstones; disseminated lime, common

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.0); clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—3 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

channery loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very

fine pores; 45 percent channers and 5 percent

flagstones; disseminated lime, common fine

seams and masses of segregated white lime,

many distinct white lime casts on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk2—8 to 18 inches; white (10YR 8/2) very channery

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots; many very fine pores; 45 percent

channers and 10 percent flagstones; disseminated

lime, common fine seams and masses of

segregated white lime, continuous distinct white

lime casts on undersides of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bk3—18 to 30 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine roots; many very fine pores; 50 percent

channers and 10 percent flagstones; disseminated

lime, common fine seams and masses of

segregated white lime, continuous distinct white

lime casts on fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy

boundary.

R—30 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1), hard limestone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 6 and

18 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 2 to 5 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to

0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent (5 to

10 percent cobbles, 30 to 55 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

(including rock fragments less than 20 mm in

diameter)

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Rubick Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived from granite

Slope range: 35 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Rubick cobbly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Rubick, very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes; in a forested area, 2,400 feet south

and 2,000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 20,

T. 7 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles and twigs.
186 Soil Survey of

E1—0 to 3 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; moderate very fine granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; 5 percent stones, 10

percent cobbles, and 10 percent pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary.

E2—3 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very

cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium and coarse roots; many very

fine, fine, and medium pores; 5 percent stones, 20

percent cobbles, and 15 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—8 to 27 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very stony

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium and coarse roots; many very

fine, fine, and medium pores; 20 percent stones,

10 percent cobbles, and 20 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—27 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely

stony loamy coarse sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; 30

percent stones, 15 percent cobbles, and 25

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0.01 to 3.0

percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (20

to 35 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy

coarse sand, or loamy sand

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (25

to 45 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Ryell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,500 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy over sandy

or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

Typical Pedon

Ryell loam, in an area of Ryell-Riverrun complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes, in rangeland, 700 feet south and

2,520 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 1

N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate very

fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear

smooth boundary.

C1—2 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam with thin

strata of fine sandy loam and silt loam, brown
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 187

(10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; common fine pores; 5 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

C2—10 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy

loam with thin strata of loam and silt loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy boundary.

2C3—28 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

very gravelly loamy sand with strata of sandy loam

and loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; single

grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very

fine roots; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 40

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common faint lime coatings on fragments in the

upper part; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the water table: Dominantly more than 60

inches; 42 to 60 inches for brief periods during

spring and early summer

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam with thin strata of

clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam, fine sandy

loam, or very fine sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy sand or sand with strata of sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or very fine sandy

loam

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 60 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Sappington Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, plains, and side slopes

of hills

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Sappington clay loam, in an area of SappingtonAmesha complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in cropland,

2,350 feet south and 1,300 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 33, T. 3 N., R. 2 W.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate very fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and fine roots; 3 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt—4 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, brown

(10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic

structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; many very fine pores; continuous faint clay
188 Soil Survey of

films on faces of peds; 3 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);

clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—8 to 20 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

1 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—20 to 28 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

1 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, many distinct lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.3); gradual smooth boundary.

Bk3—28 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; weak coarse angular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots;

common very fine and fine pores; 5 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, few fine

masses of lime, common distinct lime coatings on

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 6 to 10 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

Ap horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—15 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Sawbuck Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of hills and mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived

mainly from granite

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Sawbuck gravelly sandy loam, in an area of SawbuckCatgulch, stony, complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,500 feet north and 1,600 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 7 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

twigs and needles.

A—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; many very

fine and fine roots; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; 20 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 189

structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots and

few medium roots; many very fine pores; common

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) (moist) clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 5 percent

angular cobbles and 45 percent angular pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—12 to 17 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; common fine and very fine pores; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) (moist) clay films

on faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent

angular cobbles and 30 percent angular pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—17 to 23 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots and few medium roots; many very fine pores;

common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent angular cobbles and 40 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—23 to 46 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and fine roots and few medium

roots; many very fine pores; 20 percent angular

cobbles and 50 percent angular pebbles;

moderately acid (pH 5.6); gradual wavy boundary.

Cr—46 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4),

decomposing granite bedrock that crushes to

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 16 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 0 to 5 percent angular

cobbles, 15 to 20 percent angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 55 percent (5 to

10 percent angular cobbles, 10 to 45 percent

angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt2 and Bt3 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

10 percent angular cobbles, 30 to 50 percent

angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 70 percent (5 to

20 percent angular cobbles, 10 to 50 percent

angular pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Sawicki Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of hills and mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from hard, fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls
190 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Sawicki cobbly loam, in an area of Blaincreek, very

stony-Sawicki, very stony-Tolbert, very bouldery,

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes, in rangeland, 200

feet south and 2,650 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 9, T. 3 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) cobbly loam,

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 15 percent angular

cobbles and 15 percent angular pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—8 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very cobbly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent

angular cobbles and 15 percent angular pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and common medium

roots; many very fine and fine pores; common faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 30

percent angular cobbles and 25 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual irregular

boundary.

BC—25 to 51 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 40 percent angular cobbles and 20 percent

angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual irregular

boundary.

C—51 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 55 percent angular

cobbles and 25 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 7 to 13 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—22 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 35 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 45 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, loam, sandy loam,

or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 45 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 191

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 22 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 55 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Sebud Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

mainly from igneous and metamorphic rock

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 34 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Sebud very gravelly loam, in an area of Sebud, stonySurdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes, in rangeland, 300 feet west and

800 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 13, T. 3

N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 10 percent rounded

cobbles and 25 percent rounded pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—10 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; many very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 10 percent rounded

cobbles and 30 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—23 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and

fine pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 35

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots and few medium

and coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores;

20 percent rounded cobbles and 40 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual

irregular boundary.

C—44 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very

fine and fine pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles

and 60 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 6 and

18 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (5 to

45 percent cobbles, 5 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8
192 Soil Survey of

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles, 25 to 60 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Shaboom Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from granite

Slope range: 4 to 75 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Shaboom gravelly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom, very bouldery,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes; in a forested area,

3,350 feet north and 1,650 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly coarse

sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak

fine and very fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine, few fine, and few medium roots; 5 percent

cobbles and 20 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.1);

clear wavy boundary.

Bw—3 to 12 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

and very fine granular; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots and

few fine and medium roots; many very fine tubular

pores; 15 percent cobbles and 35 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

R—12 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.01 to 15

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, or loam

Clay content—12 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 10 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles, 30 to 45 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Shawmut Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, and side slopes

of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from hard, fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Shawmut very gravelly loam, in an area of
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 193

Martinsdale-Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, bouldery,

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, warm, in rangeland,

1,000 feet south and 1,600 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 16, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; 10 percent rounded cobbles

and 30 percent rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.2); clear smooth boundary.

A2—3 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

10 percent rounded cobbles and 15 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 20 percent

rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong

medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 20 percent

rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—19 to 32 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; many very fine and fine roots and common

medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 15 percent rounded cobbles and 30 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and medium threads and masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—32 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3)

very gravelly loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; 15

percent rounded cobbles and 35 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, many

distinct lime casts on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 13 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 11 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

25 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 35 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (15

to 45 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0
194 Soil Survey of

Shoddy Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Hills, knolls, and ridges

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from semiconsolidated shale

Slope range: 2 to 45 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Clayey, mixed,

superactive, frigid, shallow Aridic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Shoddy silty clay loam, in an area of Shoddy-CabbartKobarter complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 200 feet north and 950 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 1 N., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 1 inch; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam,

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong very fine

granular structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH

7.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bw—1 to 5 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—5 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay

loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; common fine and many very fine pores; 25

percent soft angular shale fragments;

disseminated lime, few fine masses and threads of

lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—10 to 16 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silty clay

loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate

fine and medium angular blocky structure; hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

common very fine and fine roots between shale

fragments; common very fine pores; 60 percent

soft angular shale fragments; disseminated lime,

many faint lime coatings on undersides of shale

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Cr1—16 to 38 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2),

semiconsolidated shale that crushes to silty clay

loam.

Cr2—38 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2),

semiconsolidated shale that crushes to silt loam.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

paralithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less

than 12 inches)

Depth to Bk horizon: 3 to 7 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—27 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles (from mixed rock sources)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam

Clay content—27 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles (from mixed rock sources)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 5Y, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam

Clay content—35 to 50 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent soft

angular shale fragments

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Sieben Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 195

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 1 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Sieben gravelly sandy loam, in an area of Sieben

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, 550 feet south and

2,300 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 3

N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 20

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

(moist) clay films on faces of peds and bridging

sand grains; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 30

percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4);

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) (moist)

clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 35 percent

rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk1—15 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 5

percent rounded cobbles and 45 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, common

faint lime coatings on undersides of fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

7.9); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—24 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; 10

percent rounded cobbles and 45 percent rounded

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, many

distinct lime casts on undersides of fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 18 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 20

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or

clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent cobbles and stones, 35 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
196 Soil Survey of

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 80 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 45 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Sieberell Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2C horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2C horizon

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal over

sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

Aridic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Sieberell very gravelly loam, in an area of SieberellSieben-Beaverell complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

stony, in rangeland, 1,600 feet south and 100 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores and few medium

pores; 10 percent rounded cobbles and 30 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth

boundary.

Bt—6 to 11 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very

gravelly clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many distinct olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 10 percent rounded cobbles

and 30 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

clear wavy boundary.

Bk—11 to 30 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) extremely

cobbly sandy clay loam, light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; common very fine pores; 30 percent

rounded cobbles and 45 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common faint lime coatings on

tops and sides of fragments, common distinct lime

casts on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear

smooth boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

extremely cobbly loamy sand, light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 10 percent stones,

30 percent rounded cobbles, and 35 percent

rounded pebbles; common prominent lime casts

on undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 8 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 50 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 197

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—45 to 75 percent (20

to 30 percent cobbles, 25 to 45 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, or

loamy sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—50 to 80 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 20 to 30 percent cobbles, 30

to 40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Sigbird Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and residuum derived

from hard shale or argillite

Slope range: 25 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Sigbird very channery loam, in an area of Sigbird, very

bouldery-Sigbird, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

70 percent slopes; in a forested area, 700 feet south

and 350 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 12, T.

5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine

and very fine roots; 10 percent flagstones and 50

percent channers; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—5 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely

channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine roots; common fine and very fine

pores; 15 percent flagstones and 60 percent

channers; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth

boundary.

R—14 inches; gray (10YR 5/1), fractured, hard shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent flagstones, 25 to 60 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

20 percent flagstones, 35 to 60 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Silverchief Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of hills and

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 8 to 35 percent
198 Soil Survey of

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

frigid Calcic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Silverchief very cobbly clay loam, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, bouldery, in a forested area, 2,500 feet west

and 1,900 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 3,

T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; organic mat of needles, leaves, and

twigs.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very cobbly

clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; strong

medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; 20

percent cobbles and 20 percent pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—4 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay, brown

(10YR 4/3) moist; strong medium prismatic

structure parting to strong medium subangular

blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots

and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

and fine pores; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3

moist) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent

granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy

boundary.

Btk—11 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and fine roots and common medium and

coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; few

faint brown (10YR 4/3) (moist) clay films on faces

of peds; 5 percent granite pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine and medium threads and

masses of lime, common faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy

boundary.

2C1—14 to 25 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) very

stony sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots

and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

and fine pores; 20 percent stones, 15 percent

cobbles, and 10 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

2C2—25 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

stony sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots;

few very fine pores; 20 percent stones, 20 percent

cobbles, and 15 percent pebbles; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH

7.8).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to calcic horizon: 14 to 24 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.01 to 0.1

percent

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Clay content—35 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (20

to 30 percent cobbles, 15 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—clay or clay loam

Clay content—35 to 50 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Btk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 45 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 35 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 199

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 45 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 35

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 35 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Sixbeacon Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the 2Bk horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2Bk horizon

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and valley

floors

Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Sixbeacon loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland,

250 feet south and 900 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 27, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown

(10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent rounded

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—9 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; many very fine

and fine pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine and medium

threads and masses of lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear

wavy boundary.

2Bk2—12 to 32 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

very gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3)

moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and

fine pores; 5 percent rounded cobbles and 40

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, many distinct lime coatings on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); gradual irregular boundary.

2Bk3—32 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

fine roots; 10 percent cobbles and 45 percent

pebbles; disseminated lime, many distinct lime

casts on fragments; violently effervescent; strongly

alkaline (pH 8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 6 and

18 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 8 to 13 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—12 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—1, 2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)
200 Soil Survey of

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 6 or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

loamy sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 35 to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Skyview Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Skyview very cobbly sandy loam, in an area of Elmark,

very bouldery-Skyview, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes; in a forested area,

1,400 feet north and 1,000 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; organic mat of partially

decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs.

A—0 to 4 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very cobbly sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine, common fine, and few medium roots;

many very fine and fine pores and few medium

pores; 35 percent cobbles and 15 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.

E—4 to 16 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very

cobbly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine, common fine, and few

medium roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

10 percent stones, 25 percent cobbles, and 20

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.7); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt/E—16 to 25 inches; 75 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

very cobbly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist (Bt part); 25 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) very cobbly sandy loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) moist (E part); moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

and fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; many

very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay films

bridging sand grains in Bt part; 10 percent stones,

25 percent cobbles, and 15 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—25 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly coarse sand.

R—29 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt/E horizon: 9 to 16 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 38 inches

Depth to R layer: 23 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.1 to 3.0

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 5 to 35 percent cobbles, 15 to

25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 15 to 25 percent cobbles, 20

to 25 percent pebbles)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 201

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part); 6 or 7 dry,

5 or 6 moist (E part)

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam (Bt part); sandy loam or

sandy clay loam (E part)

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 20 to 25 percent cobbles, 15

to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Stemple Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

from fine grained igneous and argillite rocks

Slope range: 35 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Typic Palecryalfs

Typical Pedon

Stemple cobbly loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

stony, in a forested area, 2,450 feet south and 1,700

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 9 N., R.

3 W.

Oi—2 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and roots.

E1—0 to 4 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium

and coarse roots; 15 percent cobbles and 10

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy

boundary.

E2—4 to 19 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very cobbly

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine pores; 40 percent

cobbles and 20 percent pebbles; moderately acid

(pH 5.6); clear wavy boundary.

E/Bt—19 to 36 inches; 70 percent tongues of light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely cobbly loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist (E part); 30

percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely

cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

moist (Bt part); moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and fine roots and few medium roots;

many very fine pores; common distinct clay films

on faces of peds; many silt and sand skeletans on

faces of peds; 15 percent stones, 30 percent

cobbles, and 20 percent pebbles; moderately acid

(pH 5.7); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt/E—36 to 60 inches; 70 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) extremely cobbly loam, dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) moist (Bt part); 30 percent

tongues of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely cobbly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

moist (E part); moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine

and medium roots; many very fine pores; many

distinct clay films on faces of peds; many faint silt

and sand skeletans on faces of peds in the upper

6 inches; 15 percent stones, 30 percent cobbles,

and 20 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt/E horizon: 25 to 50 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

E1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles or stones, 5 to 15 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 20 percent
202 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

40 percent cobbles or stones, 20 to 60 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

E/Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry, 4, 5, or 6 moist (E part); 5 or

6 dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part)

Chroma—2, 3, or 4 (E part); 4, 5, or 6 (Bt part)

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

45 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 70

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.1 to 6.5

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part); 6, 7, or 8

dry, 4, 5, or 6 moist (E part)

Chroma—4, 5, or 6 (Bt part); 2, 3, or 4 (E part)

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (10

to 45 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 60

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Surdal Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, fine grained igneous

or metamorphic rock

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Surdal cobbly loam, in an area of Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 650 feet south and 400 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 3 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 10

percent cobbles and 10 percent pebbles; slightly

acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary.

A2—7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and

25 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw1—13 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

cobbly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

15 percent cobbles and 30 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—23 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 30 percent cobbles and

30 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear

wavy boundary.

R—31 inches; slightly fractured, hard, fine grained

igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, stones, and boulders; 10 to

30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Bw1 horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 203

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Bw2 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

30 percent cobbles, 30 to 50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 6.5

Tepecreek Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches) to

weathered granite bedrock (grus) and deep (40 to

60 inches) to hard granite bedrock

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) above the BC horizon and moderately rapid

(2.0 to 6.0 inches per hour) in the BC horizon

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from granite

Slope range: 8 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Tepecreek very gravelly sandy clay loam, in an area of

Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tepecreek, very

bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,350 feet south and 1,475 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and few fine roots; many very fine and fine pores

and few medium pores; 35 percent granite

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear smooth

boundary.

E—2 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores and few medium

pores; 40 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots and

few fine and medium roots; many very fine and

few fine pores; many faint clay films bridging sand

grains; 40 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid

(pH 6.1); clear wavy boundary.

BC—18 to 35 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) very

gravelly sandy loam, very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) moist; weak very fine and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

few fine roots; many very fine and few fine pores;

55 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Cr—35 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—52 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to R layer: 40 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
204 Soil Survey of

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

pebbles (mostly less than 7 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

pebbles (mostly less than 7 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

pebbles (mostly less than 10 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Tiban Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

mainly from igneous and metamorphic rock

Slope range: 1 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 34 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Tiban gravelly loam, in an area of Tiban, boulderyCheadle, very bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 2,075 feet west and 1,600 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 4, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine

and fine roots and few medium roots; 25 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—7 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; common fine and very fine pores;

40 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw2—14 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

and coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots;

common fine and very fine pores; 45 percent

pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk1—28 to 42 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; common fine and very fine pores; 5

percent cobbles and 40 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine and medium

threads and masses of lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual

irregular boundary.

Bk2—42 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common fine

and very fine pores; 5 percent cobbles and 40

percent pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and medium threads and masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 20 to 32 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

25 percent

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5YR

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 205

Content of rock fragments—15 to 70 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 8 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 40

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Tibkey Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, valleys, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium or alpine glacial till

derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Fluvaquentic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Tibkey mucky silt loam, in an area of Marcel, very

bouldery-Tibkey, bouldery, complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, in rangeland, 1,700 feet north and 350 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 4 N., R. 4 W.

A1—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

mucky silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine

roots; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2);

clear wavy boundary.

A2—2 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) mucky

silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; strong medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine

roots; many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—8 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly

hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many fine and very fine

pores; 40 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw2—13 to 25 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 5 percent cobbles

and 30 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bw3—25 to 32 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 5 percent cobbles

and 30 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual

irregular boundary.

BC—32 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine

pores; 5 percent cobbles and 40 percent pebbles;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 15 inches

Depth to the water table: 24 to 42 inches from May

through July

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.01 to 0.1

percent
206 Soil Survey of

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2, 3, or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—0, 1, or 2

Texture—loam, mucky silt loam, or mucky loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 40 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, stones, or boulders; 10 to

35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw1 and Bw2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or

loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, stones, or boulders; 15 to

40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bw3 horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 35 to 50 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Tigeron Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, saddles, and side

slopes of mountains

Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived

mainly from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent slopes

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 40 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Tigeron very cobbly loam, in an area of Tigeron, very

bouldery-Redfern, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes, warm; in a forested area, 1,050

feet south and 2,400 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 5, T. 5 N., R. 3 W.

Oe—2 inches to 0; forest litter of undecomposed and

decomposed needles, twigs, and cones.

A—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very cobbly

loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist;

weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots and few medium and coarse roots;

20 percent cobbles and 35 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

E1—2 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

extremely cobbly loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and common

medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent cobbles and 40 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

E2—8 to 19 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) extremely

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; 15 percent cobbles and 50 percent

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—19 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

extremely gravelly clay loam, light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

many distinct clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 15 percent cobbles and 50

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.9); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—36 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely cobbly sandy clay loam, yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine

roots and few medium and coarse roots; many
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 207

very fine pores; common distinct clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 30 percent

cobbles and 50 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 10 to 24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 40 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (10

to 30 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 50

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Tineman Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Moraines, valleys, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Gravelly and cobbly alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Tineman gravelly loam, in an area of Tineman, very

stony-Franconi, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes; in a forested area, 1,650 feet west

and 2,475 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

19, T. 4 N., R. 3 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; soft, friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine,

common medium, and few coarse roots; 5 percent

rounded cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam,

dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium

granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine,

common medium, and few coarse roots; 5 percent

rounded cobbles and 15 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—9 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; 20

percent rounded cobbles and 50 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—25 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

weak medium prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

very fine roots; 10 percent rounded cobbles and

25 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2);

gradual wavy boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loamy coarse sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few

very fine roots; 10 percent rounded cobbles and

45 percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH

7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 9 to 15 inches
208 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.1 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (5 to

15 percent cobbles, 10 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles, 25 to 50 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles, 25 to 45 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

2C horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—coarse sand or loamy coarse sand

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (10

to 25 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Tolbert Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, interfluves, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard, fine

grained sandstone or igneous rock

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,600 to 6,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Tolbert very cobbly loam, in an area of Shawmut,

bouldery-Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland, 300 feet north

and 2,600 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 4,

T. 5 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 30 percent angular

cobbles and 10 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bt—7 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and

fine pores; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 40 percent angular cobbles

and 15 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

abrupt smooth boundary.

R—12 inches; hard, fine grained igneous rock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 8 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, 5

to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 209

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—23 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 20 to 45 percent cobbles, 15

to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Torpy Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from tuffaceous volcanic rocks

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Vitrandic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Torpy gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, in a

forested area, 2,600 feet east and 200 feet south of

the northwest corner of sec. 19, T. 6 N., R. 6 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles and twigs.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate thin platy structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very

fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine

pores; 15 percent welded tuff pebbles; moderately

acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak medium

granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky

and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; common very fine and fine pores; 10

percent welded tuff pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2);

gradual smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 34 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very cobbly

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate

medium angular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common

very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and

fine pores; 20 percent welded tuff cobbles and 20

percent welded tuff pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

gradual smooth boundary.

BC—34 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) very

cobbly loam, gray (10YR 5/1) moist; single grain;

loose, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few

coarse roots; 25 percent welded tuff cobbles and

25 percent welded tuff pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.5).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 8 and

24 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 20

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—12 to 23 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 20 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 15 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—12 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (15

to 35 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—7 or 8 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand
210 Soil Survey of

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (15

to 45 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 25

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Tropal Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Ridges and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Residuum derived from limestone

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic Lithic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Tropal very gravelly loam, in an area of Tropal,

bouldery-Rock outcrop-Whitore, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes; in a forested area, 700 feet west

and 1,800 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 3,

T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; partially decomposed needles, twigs,

and leaves.

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine

roots; 5 percent cobbles and 40 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, continuous distinct

lime coatings on underside of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bk—4 to 16 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many fine roots; common very fine and fine pores;

10 percent cobbles and 50 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine and

medium threads and masses of lime, continuous

prominent lime casts on fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

wavy boundary.

R—16 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1), hard limestone.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 45

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (10

to 20 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Trudau Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, flood-plain

steps, and knolls

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Trudau loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland,

1,200 feet north and 1,200 feet west of the southeast
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 211

corner of sec. 22, T. 8 S., R. 5 W., Madison County,

Montana:

A—0 to 2 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak very thin platy

structure parting to moderate very fine granular;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores;

strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6);

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—2 to 14 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and

very fine roots; many very fine irregular and

tubular pores; few fine masses of lime; strongly

effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual

smooth boundary.

Bk—14 to 30 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine

and very fine roots; many irregular and tubular

pores; common fine and medium masses of lime;

strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Bkz—30 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

loam stratified with sandy loam, pale brown (10YR

6/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; many

irregular pores; common fine salt crystals;

common fine and medium masses of lime;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 40 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 23 inches

Depth to Bkz horizon: 15 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.0

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—1 to 5

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.0

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—2 to 15

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.0

Bkz horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—4 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—2 to 15

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 8.5 to 9.0

Tuggle Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Residuum or slope alluvium derived

from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days
212 Soil Survey of

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Lithic Haplocryolls

Typical Pedon

Tuggle very cobbly coarse sandy loam, in an area of

Opitz, bouldery-Branham, very bouldery-Tuggle, very

bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 900 feet east and 500 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 3 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very cobbly

coarse sandy loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; 20 percent cobbles and

35 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly coarse

sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots and

common medium roots; many very fine and few

fine pores; 20 percent granite pebbles; neutral (pH

7.3); clear wavy boundary.

BC—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine,

common fine, and few medium roots; many very

fine and few fine pores; 25 percent granite

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Cr—15 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2),

decomposed granite bedrock (grus) that crushes

to very gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—18 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 8 inches

and the lithic contact

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 19 inches

Depth to R layer: 12 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent (5 to

45 percent pebbles, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 0

to 5 percent stones)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles (mainly less than 7 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 18 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

pebbles (mainly less than 10 mm in diameter)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Udecide Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Knolls, interfluves, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium or residuum derived

from weakly consolidated siltstone, loamstone,

and sandstone

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aridic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Udecide sandy clay loam, in an area of UdecideVarney-Walbert complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,100 feet north and 2,600 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 213

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—5 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—9 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 5

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk1—14 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; 15 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine masses and threads of lime,

few faint light gray (10YR 7/1) lime coatings on

undersides of pebbles; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—20 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine and fine pores; 15 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common medium masses and

threads of lime, common distinct lime coatings on

undersides of pebbles; violently effervescent;

slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary.

Cr—28 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

weakly consolidated sandstone that crushes to

loamy sand.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 4 to 8 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 23 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—20 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—23 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Varney Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, knolls, and

side slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Varney sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in

cropland, 1,200 feet north and 2,100 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.
214 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—6 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots;

many very fine pores; continuous faint clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 5

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—12 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;

moderate medium prismatic structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine pores; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) (moist) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—18 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 5

percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, few

fine and medium threads and masses of lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—24 to 33 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine pores; 5 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine and medium

threads and masses of lime, common faint lime

coatings on fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

sandy clay loam consisting of stratified sandy

loam, sandy clay loam, and loam, light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine

pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 5 to 11 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 13 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—27 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy

clay loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 30 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy loam

consisting of stratified sandy clay loam, sandy

loam, loam, and clay loam

Clay content—5 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 215

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Vendome Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour) above the 2Bk horizon and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) in the 2Bk horizon

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, knolls, and

plains

Parent material: Gravelly and cobbly alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal, mixed,

frigid Aridic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 750 feet south and 210 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 15, T. 1 S., R. 5 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, dark

brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular

structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; 5

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear

smooth boundary.

Bw—6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam,

dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and

fine roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH

7.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1—12 to 18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) cobbly

sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine roots; 20 percent rounded

cobbles and 5 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, many faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bk2—18 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely cobbly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 35 percent rounded

cobbles and 40 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, many distinct lime coatings

around pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary.

2Bk3—30 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 15 percent rounded

cobbles and 60 percent rounded pebbles; few faint

lime coatings around fragments in the upper 12

inches; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline

(pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 35 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk1 horizon: 10 to 18 inches

Depth to 2Bk material: 13 to 22 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent (0 to

25 percent cobbles, 0 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 70 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles, 0 to 40 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 75 percent (0 to

35 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy sand or loamy coarse sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent
216 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (0 to

35 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 60

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Vigilante Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, ridges,

interfluves, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium or slope alluvium

deposited over hard, highly fractured shale or

argillite bedrock

Slope range: 8 to 50 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Vigilante channery loam, in an area of Wilde-DevilleVigilante complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 800 feet south and 2,675 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) channery loam,

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine

granular structure; slightly hard, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; 25 percent channers; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—7 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery

loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 5 percent flagstones and

50 percent channers; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bw2—16 to 34 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely channery loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots and few

medium roots; common medium pores; 5 percent

flagstones and 65 percent channers; neutral (pH

7.0); gradual irregular boundary.

BC—34 to 46 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

extremely channery loam, yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable,

nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots;

common fine pores; 10 percent flagstones and 70

percent channers; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy

boundary.

R—46 inches; hard, pale brown (10YR 6/3), highly

fractured shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 11 inches

Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent flagstones, 15 to 25 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw1 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent flagstones, 25 to 50 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw2 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist:

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

10 percent flagstones, 35 to 65 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (5 to

15 percent flagstones, 30 to 70 percent

channers)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 217

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Villy Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Villy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in pasture; 2,500

feet south and 1,300 feet west of the northeast corner

of sec. 4, T. 10 N., R. 3 W., Lewis and Clark County,

Montana:

A—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt

loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate thin platy

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; disseminated lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg1—2 to 9 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate thin platy structure

parting to moderate very fine and fine granular;

slightly hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots; many very fine tubular and

interstitial pores; disseminated lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg2—9 to 28 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure parting to

moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, sticky

and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many very

fine tubular and interstitial pores; few fine seams

and soft masses of salt crystals; disseminated

lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bkg—28 to 50 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam,

gray (5Y 6/1) dry; common fine prominent dark

brown (7.5YR 4/2) (moist) redox depletions;

moderate very thin platy structure; hard, friable,

sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; many

very fine tubular and interstitial pores;

disseminated lime, common fine soft masses and

threads of lime; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; common

fine prominent olive gray (5Y 4/2) (moist) redox

depletions; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 40 to 47 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Water table: At the surface to 24 inches below the

surface

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—0, 1, 2, or 3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—0, 1, or 2

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, or very fine

sandy loam; thin strata of loam, silt, and sandy

loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Redoximorphic features—7.5YR 4/2, 4/4; 5Y 4/2,

4/3

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Vitroff Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)
218 Soil Survey of

Landform: Alluvial fans, saddles, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Colluvium or slope alluvium derived

from tuffaceous volcanic bedrock

Slope range: 4 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Vitrandic Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Vitroff loam, in an area of Vitroff-Torpy loams, 35 to 60

percent slopes; in a forested area, 800 feet east and

450 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 6

N., R. 6 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of slightly decomposed

needles, twigs, and roots.

E1—0 to 2 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

coarse, medium, fine, and very fine roots; 2

percent angular welded tuff pebbles; slightly acid

(pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary.

E2—2 to 7 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate

very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common coarse,

medium, fine, and very fine roots; 10 percent

angular welded tuff pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear

smooth boundary.

Bt and E—7 to 14 inches; 65 percent lamellae (1

/2 to 5

/8 inch thick) of brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist (Bt

part); 35 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist (E part); weak medium subangular blocky

structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic (Bt part); slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic (E part); few

coarse roots and common medium, fine, and very

fine roots; few fine and common very fine pores; 5

percent angular welded tuff cobbles and 20

percent welded tuff pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt—14 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; few medium and fine roots and common

very fine roots; few fine and common very fine

pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 10 percent angular

welded tuff cobbles and 20 percent angular

welded tuff pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); diffuse wavy

boundary.

BC—32 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely

gravelly coarse sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3)

moist; massive; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic;

few fine and very fine roots in the upper 2 feet; 20

percent angular welded tuff cobbles and 50

percent angular welded tuff pebbles; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to lamellae: 6 to 20 inches

Content of volcanic glass: More than 30 percent in the

coarse silt and sand fraction of one or more

horizons

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent angular cobbles, 0 to 10 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt and E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist (Bt part); 5, 6, or 7

dry, 4 or 5 moist (E part)

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam (Bt part);

sandy clay loam or sandy loam (E part)

Clay content—20 to 35 percent (Bt part); 15 to 24

percent (E part)

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent angular cobbles, 5 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent angular cobbles, 10 to 25 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 219

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—5 to 15 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (5 to

20 percent angular cobbles, 30 to 65 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Walbert Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid (6.0 to 20.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Ridges, interfluves, and side slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid, shallow

Aridic Ustipsamments

Typical Pedon

Walbert coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in

pasture, 1,100 feet east and 1,425 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very

friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many medium

and fine roots; many very fine pores; disseminated

lime; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH

7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.

C—4 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy

coarse sand, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.

Cr—16 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2),

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone that

crushes to loamy coarse sand and coarse sand.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between a depth of 12

inches and the paralithic contact

Depth to Cr horizon: 10 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—4 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

(mainly less than 3/8 inch in diameter)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy coarse sand or coarse sand

Clay content—4 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Warneke Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, divides, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium or residuum derived

from limestone

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Warneke very gravelly loam, in an area of WhitecowWarneke complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 1,800 feet north and 300 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1/2 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, leaves, and twigs.

A—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate very fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; 10 percent angular cobbles and 40

percent angular pebbles; disseminated lime,
220 Soil Survey of

common distinct lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.7); clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—3 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely

gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine and fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; many very fine pores; 10 percent

angular cobbles and 55 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, continuous distinct lime casts

on undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear smooth

boundary.

Bk2—9 to 12 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

extremely gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3)

moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common very fine and fine roots and few medium

and coarse roots; 10 percent angular cobbles and

65 percent angular pebbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, common distinct lime casts on fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.3); clear smooth boundary.

R—12 inches; slightly fractured, light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 3 percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 55

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

30 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 65

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Warwood Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium, colluvium, and

residuum derived mainly from granite

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Eutric Glossocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Warwood sandy loam, in an area of Elve-Warwood

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, stony; in a forested

area, 700 feet west and 700 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of slightly decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

E—0 to 6 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sandy loam,

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; many very fine

pores; 10 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.1); clear smooth boundary.

E/Bt—6 to 24 inches; 70 percent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) moist (E part); 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist (Bt part);

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; common fine, many very fine, and

few medium and coarse roots; many very fine

pores; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) (moist) clay films bridging sand grains (Bt

part); 10 percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.1); clear wavy boundary.

Bt/E—24 to 36 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist (Bt

part); 20 percent tongues of pale brown (10YR
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 221

6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist (E part);

moderate fine and medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots and

few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and

common fine pores; common faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) (moist) clay films in

pores and bridging sand grains of the Bt part; 10

percent granite pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—36 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine

roots; common very fine pores; common distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) (moist) clay films

on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 15

percent granite cobbles and 35 percent granite

pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to argillic horizon: 4 to 24 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

Other features: Some pedons have a thin A horizon.

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 5 to 15 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

E/Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry (E part); 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist

(Bt part)

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Bt/E horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist (Bt part); 5 or 6 dry,

4 or 5 moist (E part)

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture (mixed)—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 6.5

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 50 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 5 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Watne Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, knolls, interfluves, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium derived from limestone

or argillite

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Watne loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,450

feet north and 350 feet west of the southeast corner of

sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 2 W.

A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate very fine

and fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots; 5 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH

6.8); clear wavy boundary.

A2—3 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

5 percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—10 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty
222 Soil Survey of

clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium and

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine

pores; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent rounded

pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk1—20 to 31 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very

fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine

pores; 25 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common fine masses and threads of lime,

common distinct lime coatings around pebbles;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—31 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak

coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine

roots; few very fine and fine pores; 20 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

masses and threads of lime, common distinct lime

coatings around pebbles; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 10 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 16 to 28 inches

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 30 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 30 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 20 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Wetsand Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour) in the upper 14 inches and rapid (6.0 to 20.0

inches per hour) below a depth of 14 inches

Landform: Flood plains, flood-plain steps, and

drainageways

Parent material: Recent alluvium derived from mixed

rock sources

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

frigid Aeric Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Wetsand loam, in an area of Clunton-Wetsand-
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 223

Bonebasin complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 1,000 feet south and 2,225 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 1 N., R. 3 W.

A1—0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine

and fine roots; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.

A2—2 to 5 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loam with thin strata of silty clay loam, silt loam,

and sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; strong fine granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many fine and very fine roots; disseminated lime;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.4); clear smooth boundary.

AC—5 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate

medium and thick platy structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and

very fine roots; 15 percent rounded pebbles;

common fine prominent reddish brown (2.5YR

4/4) redox concentrations; disseminated lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline

(pH 8.6); clear smooth boundary.

C1—10 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine and very fine roots; 15 percent

rounded pebbles; common fine prominent reddish

brown (2.5YR 4/4) redox concentrations;

disseminated lime, common distinct lime coatings

on fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.

2C2—14 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; few very fine roots; 15 percent rounded

cobbles and 55 percent rounded pebbles;

disseminated lime, many distinct lime coatings on

fragments in the upper 20 inches; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to 2C horizon: 12 to 16 inches

Depth to seasonal high water table: 12 to 24 inches

Note: A saline phase is recognized.

A horizon:

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy loam with thin

strata of silty clay loam, silt loam, very fine

sandy loam, and fine sandy loam

Clay content—6 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 4 to 16

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 2; 4 to 13 in the

saline phase

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent; 3

to 10 percent in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 8.5 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

AC horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

pebbles

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 4 to 16

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 2; 4 to 13 in the

saline phase

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent; 3

to 15 percent in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

C1 horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or silt loam

Clay content—5 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—0 to 4 mmhos/cm; 4 to 16

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 2; 4 to 13 in the

saline phase

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent; 3

to 15 percent in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 9.0 in the

saline phase

2C2 horizon:

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, sand, or coarse sand
224 Soil Survey of

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 30 to 60 percent pebbles)

Electrical conductivity—0 to 2 mmhos/cm; 2 to 8

mmhos/cm in the saline phase

Sodium adsorption ratio—0 to 2; 0 to 4 in the

saline phase

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent; 0

to 10 percent in the saline phase

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4; pH 7.4 to 8.4 in the

saline phase

Whitecow Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, divides, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from limestone

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,000 to 6,200 feet

Annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 110 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustepts

Typical Pedon

Whitecow channery loam, in an area of WhitecowWarneke complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 400 feet east and 2,000 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; undecomposed forest litter of needles

and twigs.

A—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) channery

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

weak medium and fine granular structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine and few medium roots; 25 percent

channers; disseminated lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear

smooth boundary.

Bk1—4 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

very channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and medium roots and few

coarse roots; common fine pores; 40 percent

channers and 5 percent angular cobbles;

disseminated lime, continuous faint lime crusts on

undersides of rock fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk2—12 to 49 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) extremely

channery loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

moist; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and

fine roots and few medium and coarse roots;

common fine pores; 60 percent channers and 15

percent angular cobbles; disseminated lime,

common fine and medium threads and masses of

lime, continuous prominent lime casts on rock

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3—49 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

extremely channery loam, light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) moist; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine

pores; 70 percent channers and 10 percent

angular cobbles; disseminated lime, continuous

distinct lime casts on rock fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 35 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk1 and Bk2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 5 to 60 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—35 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 225

Bk3 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 90 percent) 5 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 55 to 70

percent channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—25 to 40 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Whitlash Series

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, escarpments, ridges, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard

sandstone or fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Whitlash very cobbly loam, in an area of WhitlashWhitlash, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, in rangeland, 250 feet east and 900

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 26, T. 4 N.,

R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium and fine granular

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; 25

percent angular cobbles and 20 percent angular

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bw—3 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

extremely gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; many very fine and fine roots;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; 20 percent angular cobbles and 45

percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt

smooth boundary.

R—11 inches; hard, slightly fractured sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches or between a depth of 4 inches and the

lithic contact (if it occurs at a depth of less than 12

inches)

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Texture—loam or coarse sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent cobbles or stones, 15 to 35 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Clay content—5 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

50 percent cobbles or stones, 15 to 60 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Whitore Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and side slopes of mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from limestone

Slope range: 8 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic Typic Eutrocryepts

Typical Pedon

Whitore very gravelly loam, in an area of Tropal,

bouldery-Rock outcrop-Whitore, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes; in a forested area, 950 feet south
226 Soil Survey of

and 2,100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 2,

T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of decomposed needles,

twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium granular structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and

fine roots and few medium roots; 5 percent

angular cobbles and 35 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—5 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots and few medium roots; many

very fine pores; 5 percent angular cobbles and 40

percent angular pebbles; disseminated lime,

common faint lime coatings on undersides of

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 7.9); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—12 to 29 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very

fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; many very

fine and fine pores; 5 percent angular cobbles and

50 percent angular pebbles; disseminated lime,

common distinct lime casts on surface and

pendants on undersides of fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual

irregular boundary.

Bk2—29 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; few very fine, fine, medium, and coarse

roots; common fine and very fine pores; 10

percent angular cobbles and 65 percent angular

pebbles; disseminated lime, many distinct lime

casts on surface and pendants on undersides of

fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 15 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 35

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 5 to 40 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—35 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 85 percent (0 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 65

percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Wickes Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, interfluves, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, fine grained

sandstone or fine grained igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

Typical Pedon

Wickes very gravelly loam, in an area of Shawmut,

bouldery-Wickes, stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,200 feet south
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 227

and 1,500 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 16,

T. 9 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent angular

cobbles and 30 percent angular pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 15 percent angular cobbles

and 30 percent angular pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8);

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 24 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very

cobbly loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak

very fine and fine subangular blocky structure;

soft, very friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very

fine and fine pores; few faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and

bridging sand grains; 30 percent angular cobbles

and 25 percent angular pebbles; slightly alkaline

(pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bk—24 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

extremely cobbly loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

moist; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common

very fine and fine pores; 40 percent angular

cobbles and 25 percent angular pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine masses of lime,

common distinct lime coatings on fragments;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear smooth boundary.

R—30 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), hard, fine grained

igneous bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 10 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 13 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0.01 to

3.0 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 45 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 0 to 15 percent cobbles, 15 to

30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Clay content—23 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

5 percent stones, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, 20

to 30 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

10 percent stones, 20 to 40 percent cobbles, 15

to 30 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—10 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Wilde Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Residuum, slope alluvium, and

colluvium derived from hard, brown shale or

argillite

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Wilde very channery loam, in an area of Deville-Wilde-
228 Soil Survey of

Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a

forested area, 150 feet south and 2,740 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

channery loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; moderate medium granular structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; 10

percent flagstones and 30 percent channers;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—5 to 21 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

extremely channery loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent

flagstones and 60 percent channers; neutral (pH

6.8); gradual irregular boundary.

Bw2—21 to 34 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely channery loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent

flagstones and 65 percent channers; neutral (pH

7.0); clear wavy boundary.

R—34 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), hard, fractured

shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—25 to 50 percent (0 to

10 percent flagstones, 15 to 40 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bw1 horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (5 to

15 percent flagstones, 30 to 60 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bw2 horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

15 percent flagstones, 30 to 65 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Wilspring Series

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, and side slopes of

hills

Parent material: Local colluvium, slope alluvium, and

residuum derived from hard, brown shale or

argillite

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 38 to 45 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Wilspring channery loam, in an area of WilspringDevilfence complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 2,300 feet north and 2,000 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

channery loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine

and very fine roots; 5 percent flagstones and 20

percent channers; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bw—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many

fine and very fine roots; common or many fine

and very fine pores; 5 percent flagstones and 20

percent channers; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—7 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

channery loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 229

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; common

or many fine and very fine pores; 5 percent

flagstones and 35 percent channers; disseminated

lime, common distinct lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—12 to 24 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

channery loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common or many very fine roots; few

or common fine and very fine pores; 5 percent

flagstones and 45 percent channers; disseminated

lime, few fine masses of lime, continuous distinct

lime crusts on surfaces of rock fragments; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear

smooth boundary.

R—24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), hard, fractured

shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 15 to 25 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bw horizon:

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent (0 to

5 percent flagstones, 15 to 30 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 7 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

10 percent flagstones, 30 to 70 percent

channers)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Wimper Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium or colluvium derived mainly

from hard, fine grained sandstone or fine grained

igneous rock

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

Typical Pedon

Wimper gravelly loam, in an area of Wimper-Wimper,

stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland,

450 feet north and 300 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;

moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many

very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 20

percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.3); clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky

and nonplastic; many very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and fine pores;

20 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear

wavy boundary.

Bk1—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine

roots and few fine and medium roots; many very

fine and fine pores; 35 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, many faint lime coatings on

undersides of fragments; strongly effervescent;
230 Soil Survey of

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy

boundary.

Bk2—17 to 31 inches; white (10YR 8/2) very gravelly

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

very fine roots and few fine and medium roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 40 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, few very fine and fine masses

and threads of lime, continuous distinct lime casts

on undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk3—31 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very

fine and fine pores; 55 percent pebbles;

disseminated lime, few very fine and fine masses

and threads of lime, continuous faint lime coatings

on undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 10 to 15 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 15 to 40 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 35 to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—6, 7, or 8 dry; 5 or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 45 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—15 to 25 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Bk3 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (0 to

15 percent cobbles, 35 to 55 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Windham Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, divides, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Slope alluvium and colluvium derived

from limestone

Slope range: 2 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustolls

Typical Pedon

Windham gravelly loam, in an area of Windham-Rock

outcrop-Lap, very stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes; in a forested area, 900 feet west and 150 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 1 N., R. 1 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist;
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 231

moderate fine granular structure; soft, friable,

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 5 percent

limestone cobbles and 15 percent limestone

pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH

7.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk1—7 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent

limestone cobbles and 35 percent limestone

pebbles; disseminated lime, continuous prominent

casts and pendants on undersides of fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—11 to 25 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very

gravelly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; many

fine and very fine pores; 10 percent limestone

cobbles and 40 percent limestone pebbles;

disseminated lime, common fine masses of lime,

continuous prominent lime casts and pendants on

undersides of fragments; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); diffuse wavy

boundary.

Bk3—25 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3)

extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist;

massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; few

or common fine and very fine pores; 15 percent

limestone cobbles and 50 percent limestone

pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine masses

of lime, continuous distinct lime casts and

pendants on undersides of pebbles and cobbles;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH

8.2).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 5 to 10 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

Ap horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—18 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent stones, 5 to 20 percent cobbles, 10

to 50 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk1 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 75 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 10 to 55 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk2 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent (0 to

20 percent cobbles, 35 to 55 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—40 to 60 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 8.4

Bk3 horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6, or 7 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—60 to 80 percent (5 to

20 percent cobbles, 55 to 60 percent pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—25 to 50 percent

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0

Work Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Alluvium and glacial outwash derived

from mixed rock sources

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Argiustolls
232 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Work clay loam, in an area of Martinsdale-Work

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, in rangeland, 1,500

feet west and 2,500 feet south of the northeast corner

of sec. 33, T. 5 N., R. 2 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many fine roots; 10 percent rounded pebbles;

neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bt—3 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to strong

medium and fine blocky; hard, firm, moderately

sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very

fine roots; common fine and very fine pores;

continuous faint clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent rounded pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6);

clear wavy boundary.

Btk—11 to 17 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium

blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; common fine and very fine

roots; common fine and very fine pores; common

faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; 5 percent

rounded pebbles; disseminated lime, common fine

and very fine masses of lime; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk1—17 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium

and coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable,

moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few or

common fine roots; many fine and very fine pores;

10 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated lime,

many fine and very fine threads and masses of

lime, continuous faint lime coatings on undersides

of fragments; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—32 to 43 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist;

massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and

slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many fine

pores; 10 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, few fine masses of lime, common faint lime

coatings on undersides of fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk3—43 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay

loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive;

hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately

plastic; 20 percent rounded pebbles; disseminated

lime, common distinct lime coatings on undersides

of fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.0).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 11 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 3 to 9 inches

Depth to Bk horizon: 11 to 18 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent (0 to

30 percent stones or cobbles, 0 to 30 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.8

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, clay, or silty clay

Clay content—35 to 50 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles or stones, 0 to 10 percent

pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

Btk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—clay or clay loam

Clay content—30 to 40 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles or stones, 0 to 10 percent

pebbles)

Calcium carbonate equivalent—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Bk horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Clay content—20 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to 5

percent cobbles, 0 to 30 percent pebbles)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 233

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Worock Family

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, valleys, and side slopes of

mountains

Parent material: Slope alluvium, colluvium, and glacial

outwash derived mainly from fine grained igneous

and metamorphic rocks

Slope range: 2 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

Typical Pedon

Worock very cobbly loam, in an area of Worock, very

bouldery-Elve, very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes; in a forested area, 1,400 feet north and 575

feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 13, T. 3 N., R.

4 W.

Oi—3 inches to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, leaves, and twigs.

E—0 to 4 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very

cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak medium granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

medium roots and many fine and very fine roots;

25 percent rounded cobbles and 15 percent

rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy

boundary.

E/Bt—4 to 14 inches; 80 percent pale brown (10YR

6/3) very cobbly sandy clay loam, dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) moist (E part); 20 percent

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very cobbly sandy clay

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist (Bt

part); moderate medium granular structure; slightly

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many fine and very fine roots and few medium and

coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds

(Bt part); 25 percent rounded cobbles and 25

percent rounded pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; common very fine

pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 30 percent rounded

cobbles and 25 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 7.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—28 to 49 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

moist; moderate medium prismatic structure;

slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine and very fine roots and few

medium and coarse roots; common very fine

pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds

and bridging sand grains; 30 percent rounded

cobbles and 30 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.

BC—49 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly

sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine

roots; few very fine pores; 40 percent rounded

cobbles and 20 percent rounded pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 36 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 18 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 40

percent

E horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—6 or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 5

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Clay content—8 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—10 to 65 percent (0 to

35 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 30

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

E/Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—6 or 7 dry, 3, 4, or 5 moist (E part); 5 or 6

dry, 4 or 5 moist (Bt part)

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Texture (mixed)—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay

loam

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent (0 to

35 percent cobbles and stones, 10 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3
234 Soil Survey of

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—18 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent (0 to

35 percent cobbles and stones, 25 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist

Chroma—3, 4, or 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—10 to 25 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent (5 to

40 percent cobbles and stones, 20 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Yetull Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid (6.0 to 20.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans and hills

Parent material: Sandy alluvium and eolian deposits

Slope range: 2 to 35 percent

Elevation range: 4,200 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aridic

Ustipsamments

Typical Pedon

Yetull loamy fine sand, in an area of Yetull-Yetull, stony,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, in rangeland, 2,400

feet north and 1,210 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 10, T. 3 N., R. 4 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy fine sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) moist; single grain; soft, loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; neutral

(pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.

C1—7 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy

fine sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; single

grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine

and very fine roots and few medium roots; slightly

alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary.

C2—27 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

loamy fine sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and

nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 12

and 35 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones: 0 to 0.1 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent (0 to

10 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.8

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand

Clay content—0 to 10 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

pebbles

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 8.4

Ymark Series

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of hills

and mountains

Parent material: Colluvium derived from hard, fine

grained igneous rock and granite deposited over

hard granite bedrock

Slope range: 15 to 60 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Ymark very cobbly sandy loam, in an area of Ymark,

very bouldery-Elmark, very bouldery-Rock outcrop
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 235

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes; in a forested area,

500 feet north and 350 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 4 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

needles, twigs, and leaves.

A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

cobbly sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; many very fine roots and few fine

and medium roots; many very fine and few fine

pores; 15 percent cobbles and 25 percent pebbles;

neutral (pH 7.1); clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly

sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft,

very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

many very fine roots and few fine and medium

roots; many very fine and few fine pores; few faint

clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 15 percent cobbles and 25 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—10 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable,

moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very

fine roots and few fine, medium, and coarse roots;

many very fine and few fine pores; many faint clay

films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains;

30 percent cobbles and 20 percent pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—22 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

cobbly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine roots and few

fine and medium roots; many very fine and few

fine pores; many faint clay films bridging sand

grains; 30 percent cobbles and 20 percent

pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

BC—36 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very

cobbly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable,

slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine

roots and few fine and medium roots; many very

fine and few fine pores; 10 percent stones, 25

percent cobbles, and 20 percent pebbles; neutral

(pH 6.9); clear wavy boundary.

Cr—44 to 58 inches; olive (5Y 5/3), decomposed

granite bedrock (grus) that crushes to very

gravelly loamy coarse sand.

R—58 inches; hard granite bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to Cr horizon: 40 to 58 inches

Depth to R layer: 43 to 60 inches

Percent of surface covered by boulders: 0.01 to 3.0

percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist

Chroma—1, 2, or 3

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—20 to 50 percent (0 to

20 percent stones and cobbles, 15 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay

loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

30 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 40

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, or 6

Texture—loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Clay content—10 to 20 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent (5 to

35 percent stones and cobbles, 20 to 45

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3

Yreka Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch per

hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, ridges, and side slopes of hills

and mountains
236 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Colluvium derived from mixed rock

sources

Slope range: 15 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Annual air temperature: 36 to 40 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

Typical Pedon

Yreka gravelly loam, in an area of Yreka, boulderyHoyt, bouldery-Shaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes; in a forested area, 800 feet north

and 400 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 34, T.

9 N., R. 2 W.

Oi—1 inch to 0; forest litter of partially decomposed

twigs and needles.

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very

fine and fine roots; 15 percent granite pebbles;

slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam,

brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine

and very fine roots and common medium roots;

many very fine and fine pores; 5 percent cobbles

and 20 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5);

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 18 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly

plastic; many very fine and fine roots and common

medium and coarse roots; few faint clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 10 percent

cobbles and 30 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH

6.1); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

very gravelly clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few fine, medium, and coarse

roots; common very fine and fine pores; few faint

clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand

grains; 5 percent stones, 10 percent cobbles, and

35 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual

wavy boundary.

C—30 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) very

gravelly fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots;

common very fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and

35 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bt horizon: 9 to 18 inches

Percent of surface covered by stones/boulders: 0 to 3

percent

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or coarse sandy

loam

Clay content—8 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

E horizon:

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or coarse sandy

loam

Clay content—8 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 15 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Clay content—25 to 35 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 35

percent pebbles)

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or fine

sandy loam

Clay content—18 to 30 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (5 to

25 percent cobbles and stones, 30 to 35

percent pebbles)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 237

Reaction—pH 5.6 to 7.3

Zatony Series

Depth class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow (0.06 to 0.2 inch per hour)

Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, flood-plain

steps, and drainageways

Parent material: Alluvium derived mainly from

semiconsolidated shale

Slope range: 0 to 8 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

frigid Aridic Haplustepts

Typical Pedon

Zatony clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in cropland,

800 feet east and 1,650 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 21, T. 2 N., R. 1 W.

Ap1—0 to 1 inch; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and

moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine

roots; many very fine vesicular pores; moderately

alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2—1 to 6 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist;

weak medium granular structure; slightly hard,

friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

common very fine roots; many very fine pores;

moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy

boundary.

Bknz1—6 to 20 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium

prismatic structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; common very fine roots;

many very fine pores; common medium masses

and seams of soluble salts; disseminated lime,

few fine threads of lime; strongly effervescent;

strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); gradual irregular

boundary.

Bknz2—20 to 36 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse

prismatic structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky

and moderately plastic; few very fine roots;

common very fine pores; common medium

masses and seams of soluble salts; disseminated

lime, few fine threads of lime; violently

effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6);

gradual irregular boundary.

Bknz3—36 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silty

clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard,

firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic;

many medium soft masses and seams of

soluble salts; disseminated lime, few fine threads

of lime; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH

8.6).

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the depths of 4 and

12 inches

Depth to Bknz1 horizon: 3 to 8 inches

Note: A wet phase is recognized. This phase has a

water table at a depth of 24 to 42 inches for brief

periods during spring and early summer.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6 dry

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture (mixed)—clay loam or silt loam

Clay content—20 to 40 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—0 to 5 percent

Electrical conductivity—2 to 16 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—4 to 20

Reaction—pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bknz1 and Bknz2 horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Clay content—35 to 45 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—3 to 15 percent

Electrical conductivity—16 to 32 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 60

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.6

Bknz3 horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Clay content—28 to 45 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent—2 to 10 percent

Electrical conductivity—16 to 32 mmhos/cm

Sodium adsorption ratio—13 to 40

Reaction—pH 7.9 to 9.0
238 Soil Survey of

Zbart Series

Depth class: Very shallow (3 to 10 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderate (0.6 inch to 2.0 inches per hour)

Landform: Escarpments, ridges, interfluves, and side

slopes of hills

Parent material: Residuum derived from hard,

fractured shale or argillite

Slope range: 4 to 70 percent

Elevation range: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Aridic Lithic

Ustorthents

Typical Pedon

Zbart very channery loam, in an area of Zbart-Rock

outcrop association, 25 to 70 percent slopes, in

rangeland, 50 feet south and 925 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very

channery loam, dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) moist;

moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard,

very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common

very fine and fine roots; 5 percent flagstones and

40 percent shale channers; slightly acid (pH 6.4);

clear wavy boundary.

R—7 inches; gray (5Y 5/1), hard, fractured shale.

Range in Characteristics

Soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F

Moisture control section: Between the surface and a

depth of 7 inches

Depth to bedrock: 5 to 10 inches

Note: The A horizon is lithochromic.

A horizon:

Value—4 or 5 dry

Clay content—15 to 27 percent

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent (0 to

15 percent flagstones, 35 to 50 percent

channers)

Reaction—pH 6.1 to 7.3
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 239

Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of

 those characteristics that are outside the range of the series.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Abor---------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Leptic Udic Haplusterts

 Absarook-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Absay--------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Leptic Natrustalfs

 Adel---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls

 Amesha-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Anamac-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Aridic Ustifluvents------|Aridic Ustifluvents

 Arrowpeak----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Haplocryolls

 Ashbray------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Lithic Ustorthents

 Attewan------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic

 | Argiustolls

 Baxton-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

 Beanlake-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciustolls

 Beaverell----------------|Loamy-skeletal over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

 | Aridic Argiustolls

 Beenom-------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Lithic Argiustolls

 Benz---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Aridic Ustorthents

 Bielenberg---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Bignell------------------|Clayey-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Blaincreek---------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Bobowic------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

 Bondoe-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

 Bonebasin----------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

 | Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

 Branham------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

 Breeton------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Haplustolls

 Brickner-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustalfs

 Brocko-------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Bronec-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Burtoner-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Cabbart------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid, shallow Aridic Ustorthents

 Cardwell-----------------|Fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

 | Oxyaquic Haplustolls

 Caseypeak----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

 Castner------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

 Catgulch-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

 Cedric-------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

 Cheadle------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Haplocryolls

 Chinook------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Clancy-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Clasoil------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Clugulch-----------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

 Clunton------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

 Cometcrik----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Connieo------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

 Cowood-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

 Cozberg------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Crackerville-------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Crago--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Crampton-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Delpoint-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

 Devilfence---------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

 Deville------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

*Dougcliff----------------|Euic Typic Haplofibrists

 Eagleton-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Ellena-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

 Elmark-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Elve---------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

 Elvick-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Oxyaquic Eutrocryepts

 Ethridge-----------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Torrertic Argiustolls

 Fairway------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

 |
240 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Faith--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Torrifluventic Haplustolls

 Farnuf-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Ferball------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

*Firada-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic Eutrocryepts

 Floweree-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Fluvaquentic Haplustolls-|Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

 Fluvaquents--------------|Fluvaquents

 Foolhen------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Typic Cryaquolls

 Franconi-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

 Geohrock-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

 Gnojek-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

 Handke-------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

 Hanson-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic Calcic Haplocryolls

 Hapgood------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls

 Havre--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

 Haxby--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplocalcidic Haplustepts

 Helmville----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

 Hilger-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Hiore--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

 Holter-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Hoyt---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Jeffcity-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Judco--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Vitrandic Eutrocryepts

 Judell-------------------|Fine-loamy, carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustolls

 Kadygulch----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

 Kalsted------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Kellygulch---------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

 Kimpton------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryalfs

 Kobarter-----------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

 Kokoruda-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Kounter------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

 Kurrie-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

 Lahood-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Lap----------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustolls

 Ledger-------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

 Libeg--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Argicryolls

 Lowder-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, nonacid Typic Cryaquepts

 Lowland------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Vitrandic Haplocryolls

 Lumpgulch----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Macabre------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Vitrandic Argiustolls

 Maiden-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustolls

 Marcel-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Oxyaquic Argicryolls

 Martinsdale--------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Mckenton-----------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

 Meadowcreek--------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

 | Fluvaquentic Haplustolls

 Mocmont------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Moltoner-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Aeric Fluvaquents

 Monaberg-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Argicryolls

 Mooseflat----------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic

 | Cryaquolls

 Musselshell--------------|Coarse-loamy, carbonatic, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Nestley------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Haplustolls

 Nieman-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Argicryolls

 Nippt--------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

 Nivean-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

 Opitz--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Argicryolls

 Peeler-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Eutric Glossocryalfs

 Pensore------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

 Perma--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

 Pieriver-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

 Placerton----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Quaint-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

 |
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 241

Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Quincreek----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Raghorn------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustalfs

 Ratiopeak----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Argicryolls

 Raynesford---------------|Fine-loamy, carbonatic Calcic Haplocryolls

 Redfern------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Haplocryalfs

 Redfist------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Haplustepts

 Releep-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Glossocryalfs

 Rencot-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

 Repkie-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

 Riverrun-----------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Ustifluvents

 Rivra--------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

 Roegulch-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

 Rothiemay----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustolls

 Roto---------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Aridic Calciustepts

 Rubick-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Eutrocryepts

 Ryell--------------------|Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

 | frigid Aridic Ustifluvents

 Sappington---------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

 Sawbuck------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Sawicki------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Sebud--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

 Shaboom------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustepts

 Shawmut------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Shoddy-------------------|Clayey, mixed, superactive, frigid, shallow Aridic Haplustepts

 Sieben-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

 Sieberell----------------|Loamy-skeletal over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid

 | Aridic Argiustolls

 Sigbird------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Lithic Eutrocryepts

 Silverchief--------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Haplustalfs

 Sixbeacon----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Skyview------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Stemple------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic Palecryalfs

 Surdal-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

 Tepecreek----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryalfs

 Tiban--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

 Tibkey-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Fluvaquentic Haplocryolls

 Tigeron------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

 Tineman------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

 Tolbert------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Argiustolls

 Torpy--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Vitrandic Eutrocryepts

 Tropal-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic Lithic Eutrocryepts

 Trudau-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

 Tuggle-------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Lithic Haplocryolls

 Udecide------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Argiustolls

 Varney-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcidic Argiustolls

 Vendome------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aridic Haplustolls

 Vigilante----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

 Villy--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Fluvaquents

 Vitroff------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Vitrandic Haplocryalfs

 Walbert------------------|Mixed, frigid, shallow Aridic Ustipsamments

 Warneke------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Lithic Calciustepts

 Warwood------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Eutric Glossocryalfs

 Watne--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Wetsand------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

 | frigid Aeric Fluvaquents

 Whitecow-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustepts

 Whitlash-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Lithic Haplustolls

 Whitore------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic Typic Eutrocryepts

 Wickes-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 Wilde--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

 Wilspring----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustepts

 Wimper-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls

 Windham------------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustolls

 Work---------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Argiustolls

 |
242 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Worock-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Eutric Haplocryalfs

 Yetull-------------------|Mixed, frigid Aridic Ustipsamments

 Ymark--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Yreka--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs

 Zatony-------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustepts

 Zbart--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Aridic Lithic

 | Ustorthents

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 243

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

 1 |Riverwash------------------------------------| 897 | 3 | 900 | 0.1

 2 |Rubble land-Rock outcrop association---------| 2,893 | --- | 2,893 | 0.5

 3 |Dumps, mine----------------------------------| 4,441 | --- | 4,441 | 0.7

 4 |Bronec, Clunton, channeled, and Amesha soils,| | | |

 | 0 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------| 1,008 | --- | 1,008 | 0.2

 5 |Borrow areas and gravel pits-----------------| 318 | --- | 318 | *

 6 |Wetsand, Cardwell, and Clunton soils, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes, channeled-------------------| 3,861 | --- | 3,861 | 0.6

 9 |Bronec, Riverrun, channeled, and Amesha | | | |

 | soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes----------------| 1,111 | --- | 1,111 | 0.2

11B |Amesha silt loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes------| 1,480 | 40 | 1,520 | 0.3

11C |Amesha silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes------| 3,132 | 36 | 3,168 | 0.5

11D |Amesha silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----| 483 | --- | 483 | *

13A |Anamac loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------| 1,485 | --- | 1,485 | 0.2

13C |Anamac loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 2,166 | 84 | 2,250 | 0.4

18A |Brocko silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 375 | --- | 375 | *

18C |Brocko silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 7,432 | --- | 7,432 | 1.2

18D |Brocko silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----| 2,609 | --- | 2,609 | 0.4

18E |Brocko silt loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes----| 1,042 | --- | 1,042 | 0.2

20C |Windham gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-| 269 | --- | 269 | *

20D |Windham gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes| 537 | --- | 537 | *

20E |Windham very gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 509 | --- | 509 | *

21A |Mckenton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 27 | --- | 27 | *

22C |Zatony clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 206 | --- | 206 | *

23A |Mckenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 1,710 | --- | 1,710 | 0.3

25C |Cozberg sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 630 | --- | 630 | 0.1

26C |Crago gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes---| 2,080 | --- | 2,080 | 0.3

26D |Crago gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes--| 677 | --- | 677 | 0.1

26E |Crago gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes-| 357 | --- | 357 | *

27A |Bronec gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--| 3,752 | --- | 3,752 | 0.6

27C |Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 2,647 | 44 | 2,691 | 0.4

27D |Bronec gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-| 802 | --- | 802 | 0.1

27E |Bronec gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes| 311 | --- | 311 | *

30A |Dougcliff mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes--| 48 | --- | 48 | *

32A |Fairway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----| 542 | --- | 542 | *

33E |Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 1,366 | --- | 1,366 | 0.2

37A |Pieriver silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 1,057 | 9 | 1,066 | 0.2

38C |Kalsted sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 1,314 | --- | 1,314 | 0.2

38D |Kalsted sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---| 376 | --- | 376 | *

40A |Moltoner loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------| 665 | --- | 665 | 0.1

41 |Bronec, Amesha, and Riverrun, channeled, | | | |

 | soils, 0 to 35 percent slopes---------------| 1,413 | --- | 1,413 | 0.2

42D |Perma cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 514 | --- | 514 | *

42E |Perma cobbly loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 353 | --- | 353 | *

47A |Cardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 200 | --- | 200 | *

48A |Riverrun sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---| 786 | --- | 786 | 0.1

52A |Ryell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------| 689 | --- | 689 | 0.1

53C |Sappington gravelly clay loam, 2 to 8 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 278 | --- | 278 | *

56A |Trudau loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------| 654 | --- | 654 | 0.1

56B |Trudau loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 405 | --- | 405 | *

60C |Watne loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes------------| 642 | --- | 642 | 0.1

64A |Varney sandy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes| 236 | --- | 236 | *

64C |Varney sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes| 4,045 | --- | 4,045 | 0.7

65C |Judell loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 318 | --- | 318 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
244 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

68D |Bondoe channery loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes-| 107 | --- | 107 | *

69A |Meadowcreek silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 591 | --- | 591 | *

71C |Raghorn sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes----| 868 | 74 | 942 | 0.2

71D |Raghorn sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---| 643 | 8 | 651 | 0.1

72F |Zbart-Rock outcrop association, 25 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,047 | --- | 1,047 | 0.2

73C |Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 322 | --- | 322 | *

74D |Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 302 | --- | 302 | *

75C |Sixbeacon loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------| 557 | --- | 557 | *

76A |Absay silty clay loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes-| 295 | --- | 295 | *

77F |Rock outcrop-Pensore, stony-Crago, stony, | | | |

 | association, 25 to 60 percent slopes--------| 2,253 | --- | 2,253 | 0.4

79A |Chinook sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 385 | --- | 385 | *

79C |Chinook sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 2,698 | 34 | 2,732 | 0.5

79D |Chinook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---| 325 | --- | 325 | *

79E |Chinook sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes--| 51 | --- | 51 | *

80A |Floweree silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 376 | --- | 376 | *

80C |Floweree silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 1,267 | --- | 1,267 | 0.2

81A |Ethridge clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 172 | 16 | 188 | *

81C |Ethridge clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 1,016 | 69 | 1,085 | 0.2

82C |Rothiemay very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 39 | --- | 39 | *

83C |Shoddy silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes| 210 | --- | 210 | *

83D |Shoddy silty clay loam, 8 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 266 | --- | 266 | *

84A |Clunton-Faith-Dougcliff complex, 1 to 4 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 282 | --- | 282 | *

85D |Walbert coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 265 | --- | 265 | *

87C |Kobarter clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 461 | --- | 461 | *

87D |Kobarter clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---| 156 | --- | 156 | *

88C |Lahood loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 420 | --- | 420 | *

88D |Lahood loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------| 161 | --- | 161 | *

92D |Clunton, Cometcrik, and Perma, stony, soils, | | | |

 | 0 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 2,352 | 78 | 2,430 | 0.4

99D |Libeg gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | bouldery------------------------------------| 472 | --- | 472 | *

99E |Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 681 | --- | 681 | 0.1

113C |Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex, 2 to 8 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 742 | --- | 742 | 0.1

113D |Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex, 8 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 229 | --- | 229 | *

114D |Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 214 | --- | 214 | *

114E |Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 15 to 45 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,162 | --- | 1,162 | 0.2

115A |Amesha gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--| 448 | --- | 448 | *

115C |Amesha gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 3,730 | --- | 3,730 | 0.6

115D |Amesha gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-| 325 | --- | 325 | *

115E |Amesha gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes| 579 | --- | 579 | *

116A |Amesha loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------| 2,670 | --- | 2,670 | 0.4

116C |Amesha loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 6,517 | --- | 6,517 | 1.1

116D |Amesha loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------| 485 | --- | 485 | *

117E |Amesha-Cabbart-Bronec cobbly loams, 4 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 325 | --- | 325 | *

118C |Amesha cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 379 | --- | 379 | *

121E |Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,345 | --- | 1,345 | 0.2

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 245

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

121F |Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,102 | --- | 1,102 | 0.2

122D |Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,479 | --- | 1,479 | 0.2

122E |Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,515 | --- | 1,515 | 0.3

122F |Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 645 | --- | 645 | 0.1

123E |Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes------| 5,217 | --- | 5,217 | 0.9

123F |Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes-----| 3,738 | --- | 3,738 | 0.6

125D |Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 201 | --- | 201 | *

125E |Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 611 | --- | 611 | 0.1

126F |Maiden, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 288 | --- | 288 | *

132A |Anamac silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, | | | |

 | saline--------------------------------------| 77 | --- | 77 | *

151D |Delpoint-Abor complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes| 135 | --- | 135 | *

171D |Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 2 to 15 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 167 | 360 | 527 | *

171E |Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 235 | 90 | 325 | *

172D |Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to | | | |

 | 15 percent slopes---------------------------| 15 | 173 | 188 | *

172E |Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to | | | |

 | 35 percent slopes---------------------------| 206 | 217 | 423 | *

173F |Branham, stony-Tuggle, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 185 | --- | 185 | *

182D |Brocko-Amesha complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes| 714 | --- | 714 | 0.1

183E |Brocko-Rock outcrop-Rencot complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,239 | --- | 1,239 | 0.2

184E |Brocko-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 783 | --- | 783 | 0.1

191C |Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 224 | --- | 224 | *

191D |Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 8 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 754 | --- | 754 | 0.1

191E |Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,544 | --- | 2,544 | 0.4

192C |Cabbart clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----| 56 | --- | 56 | *

193E |Cabbart-Haxby loams, 8 to 45 percent slopes--| 500 | --- | 500 | *

194E |Cabbart-Bronec, stony-Rencot, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 511 | --- | 511 | *

195E |Cabbart, very stony-Bronec, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 1,231 | --- | 1,231 | 0.2

195F |Cabbart, very stony-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very| | | |

 | stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes-----| 612 | --- | 612 | 0.1

201E |Windham-Rock outcrop-Lap, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 738 | --- | 738 | 0.1

201F |Windham, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes-----| 2,049 | --- | 2,049 | 0.3

202D |Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,192 | --- | 1,192 | 0.2

202E |Windham-Judell complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 865 | --- | 865 | 0.1

203D |Windham gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 1,622 | --- | 1,622 | 0.3

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
246 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

203E |Windham gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 1,546 | --- | 1,546 | 0.3

204D |Windham-Maiden-Lap complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 93 | --- | 93 | *

204E |Windham, stony-Maiden, very stony-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes-----| 1,339 | --- | 1,339 | 0.2

204F |Windham, very stony-Maiden, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----| 1,473 | --- | 1,473 | 0.2

205E |Windham very cobbly loam, 4 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 202 | --- | 202 | *

205F |Windham very cobbly loam, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 415 | --- | 415 | *

206F |Windham-Windham, stony, complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 729 | --- | 729 | 0.1

207E |Windham, stony-Lap, very stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 582 | --- | 582 | *

207F |Windham, stony-Lap, very stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes------------| 1,372 | --- | 1,372 | 0.2

208D |Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes, stony-----------------------| 595 | --- | 595 | *

211A |Clunton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 2,070 | 4 | 2,074 | 0.3

221A |Zatony clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, wet-| 18 | --- | 18 | *

231A |Ledger-Moltoner-Mckenton complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,238 | --- | 1,238 | 0.2

232A |Clunton-Wetsand-Bonebasin complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,262 | --- | 2,262 | 0.4

233A |Ledger-Wetsand, saline, complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 529 | --- | 529 | *

241E |Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcrop-Perma, | | | |

 | stony, complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes------| 883 | --- | 883 | 0.1

241F |Whitlash, very stony-Rock outcrop-Perma, very| | | |

 | stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes-----| 1,828 | --- | 1,828 | 0.3

245E |Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcrop-Absarook, | | | |

 | stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes------| 350 | --- | 350 | *

251B |Cozberg sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 245 | --- | 245 | *

251D |Cozberg sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 85 | --- | 85 | *

261D |Crago-Brocko complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-| 306 | --- | 306 | *

261E |Crago-Brocko complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes| 449 | --- | 449 | *

263D |Crago-Rock outcrop-Pensore complex, 4 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 472 | --- | 472 | *

263F |Crago, stony-Rock outcrop-Pensore, stony, | | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 2,982 | --- | 2,982 | 0.5

264C |Crago-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 2,204 | --- | 2,204 | 0.4

264D |Crago-Amesha complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-| 877 | --- | 877 | 0.1

264E |Crago-Amesha complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes| 968 | --- | 968 | 0.2

264F |Crago-Amesha complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes| 242 | --- | 242 | *

265B |Crago gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 962 | --- | 962 | 0.2

265D |Crago gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 1,353 | --- | 1,353 | 0.2

265E |Crago very cobbly loam, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 1,621 | --- | 1,621 | 0.3

266D |Crago, stony-Crago complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 851 | --- | 851 | 0.1

266E |Crago, stony-Crago complex, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,060 | --- | 1,060 | 0.2

267F |Crago, very stony-Pensore, stony-Rock outcrop| | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 505 | --- | 505 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 247

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

268C |Crago-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 330 | --- | 330 | *

269D |Crago, very stony, and Crago, rubbly, soils, | | | |

 | 2 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 184 | --- | 184 | *

271C |Bronec-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes-| 6,183 | 217 | 6,400 | 1.1

271D |Bronec-Amesha complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes| 4,465 | 80 | 4,545 | 0.8

271E |Bronec-Amesha complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1 | 167 | 168 | *

271F |Bronec-Amesha-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 778 | 197 | 975 | 0.2

272E |Bronec-Geohrock-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to | | | |

 | 45 percent slopes---------------------------| 635 | --- | 635 | 0.1

273D |Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 4 to 15 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 686 | --- | 686 | 0.1

273E |Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 4,678 | --- | 4,678 | 0.8

274A |Bronec complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------| 1,851 | 106 | 1,957 | 0.3

274C |Bronec complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------| 2,231 | --- | 2,231 | 0.4

274D |Bronec complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------| 2,501 | --- | 2,501 | 0.4

274E |Bronec-Bronec, very stony, complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,703 | 51 | 2,754 | 0.5

275A |Bronec gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 3,422 | 275 | 3,697 | 0.6

275D |Bronec very gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 2,741 | 107 | 2,848 | 0.5

275E |Bronec very gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 1,252 | 78 | 1,330 | 0.2

276C |Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, | | | |

 | saline--------------------------------------| 62 | --- | 62 | *

277C |Bronec-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,506 | --- | 1,506 | 0.2

278E |Bronec-Rencot-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 374 | --- | 374 | *

291C |Sieben complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------| 1,267 | --- | 1,267 | 0.2

292C |Sieben-Varney cobbly loams, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 189 | --- | 189 | *

293D |Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 1,803 | --- | 1,803 | 0.3

294C |Sieben, stony-Sieberell, very stony, complex,| | | |

 | 2 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 3,085 | --- | 3,085 | 0.5

295D |Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | bouldery------------------------------------| 1,411 | --- | 1,411 | 0.2

296D |Sieberell-Sieben-Beaverell complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, stony-----------------------| 467 | --- | 467 | *

297D |Sieben, very stony-Sieben, rubbly, complex, 2| | | |

 | to 25 percent slopes------------------------| 469 | --- | 469 | *

297F |Sieben, rubbly-Sieben, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 15 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 254 | 140 | 394 | *

311D |Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 731 | --- | 731 | 0.1

311F |Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 551 | --- | 551 | *

321A |Fairway-Meadowcreek complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,416 | 70 | 1,486 | 0.2

322A |Fairway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------| 286 | --- | 286 | *

323A |Fairway-Mckenton silt loams, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 671 | --- | 671 | 0.1

324A |Fairway clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----| 345 | --- | 345 | *

325A |Fairway-Nestley clay loams, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 821 | --- | 821 | 0.1

326A |Fairway-Moltoner complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,104 | --- | 1,104 | 0.2

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
248 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

327A |Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------| 240 | --- | 240 | *

328A |Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, cool------| 611 | --- | 611 | 0.1

329C |Faith-Slickens complex, 0 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes, impacted----------------------------| 214 | --- | 214 | *

331C |Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,815 | --- | 1,815 | 0.3

331D |Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams, 8 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 456 | --- | 456 | *

332D |Geohrock-Sappington complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 273 | --- | 273 | *

334D |Geohrock, stony-Bronec, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 4 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 501 | --- | 501 | *

341A |Pieriver-Cardwell-Riverrun loams, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,182 | --- | 1,182 | 0.2

342A |Handke fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes| 279 | --- | 279 | *

361D |Udecide-Varney-Walbert complex, 4 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,551 | --- | 2,551 | 0.4

362C |Udecide-Varney sandy clay loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,947 | --- | 1,947 | 0.3

371A |Havre-Ryell-Handke complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 433 | --- | 433 | *

372A |Havre loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------| 296 | --- | 296 | *

381C |Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 519 | --- | 519 | *

382D |Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 30 | --- | 30 | *

391C |Musselshell-Crago gravelly loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,149 | --- | 1,149 | 0.2

394B |Musselshell-Crago cobbly loams, 1 to 4 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 857 | --- | 857 | 0.1

401A |Moltoner silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 344 | --- | 344 | *

411A |Nestley loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------| 143 | --- | 143 | *

413A |Nestley-Riverrun-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 431 | --- | 431 | *

421E |Perma, stony-Whitlash, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 15 to 35 percent slopes---------------------| 924 | --- | 924 | 0.2

421F |Perma-Whitlash complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 962 | --- | 962 | 0.2

422F |Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, | | | |

 | moist---------------------------------------| 1,530 | --- | 1,530 | 0.3

423C |Wimper loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------| 114 | --- | 114 | *

423D |Wimper loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------| 211 | --- | 211 | *

423E |Wimper loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes---------| 247 | --- | 247 | *

424D |Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 215 | --- | 215 | *

424E |Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 605 | --- | 605 | 0.1

425E |Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35 percent slopes,| | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 121 | --- | 121 | *

426F |Wimper-Whitlash association, 35 to 60 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 609 | --- | 609 | 0.1

427E |Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 229 | --- | 229 | *

429E |Perma, very stony-Perma, rubbly-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 420 | --- | 420 | *

441F |Warneke-Warneke, very stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | association, 8 to 60 percent slopes---------| 4,912 | --- | 4,912 | 0.8

451A |Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 1 to 4 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 387 | 66 | 453 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 249

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

461D |Absarook-Beenom complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 474 | --- | 474 | *

471A |Cardwell-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 420 | --- | 420 | *

481A |Riverrun gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 2,015 | --- | 2,015 | 0.3

482A |Riverrun-Cardwell complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 421 | --- | 421 | *

483A |Riverrun, Handke, and Ryell soils, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes, channeled-------------------| 764 | --- | 764 | 0.1

492D |Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 914 | --- | 914 | 0.2

492E |Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 501 | --- | 501 | *

492F |Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 711 | --- | 711 | 0.1

493D |Pensore-Rock outcrop-Roto complex, 2 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,710 | --- | 2,710 | 0.4

511C |Haxby-Amesha-Rencot complex, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 571 | --- | 571 | *

521A |Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 2,785 | 1 | 2,786 | 0.5

522A |Ryell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes| 984 | --- | 984 | 0.2

523A |Cardwell-Riverrun-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 952 | --- | 952 | 0.2

524A |Cardwell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------| 134 | --- | 134 | *

525A |Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes, saline------------------------------| 517 | --- | 517 | *

531C |Sappington very cobbly clay loam, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 293 | --- | 293 | *

532C |Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 5,014 | --- | 5,014 | 0.8

533A |Sappington clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--| 2,508 | --- | 2,508 | 0.4

533C |Sappington clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 5,667 | --- | 5,667 | 0.9

533D |Sappington clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-| 679 | --- | 679 | 0.1

534C |Sappington-Geohrock complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,382 | --- | 1,382 | 0.2

534D |Sappington-Geohrock complex, 8 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,020 | --- | 1,020 | 0.2

536A |Sappington-Amesha complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 619 | --- | 619 | 0.1

537B |Sappington loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, stony| 1,843 | --- | 1,843 | 0.3

537D |Sappington loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 863 | 37 | 900 | 0.1

538C |Sappington gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 837 | --- | 837 | 0.1

539B |Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes, cobbly------------------------------| 3,716 | --- | 3,716 | 0.6

539C |Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 583 | --- | 583 | *

541D |Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-----| 683 | --- | 683 | 0.1

541E |Whitlash, very stony-Brickner, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----| 2,017 | --- | 2,017 | 0.3

551E |Brickner, stony-Whitlash, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 288 | --- | 288 | *

552F |Brickner, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tolbert,| | | |

 | very bouldery, association, 25 to 60 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 990 | --- | 990 | 0.2

553F |Brickner, very stony-Wickes, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 540 | --- | 540 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
250 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

554F |Brickner, very stony-Rock outcrop-Mocmont, | | | |

 | stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes-----| 871 | --- | 871 | 0.1

562C |Trudau-Bronec, saline, complex, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 415 | --- | 415 | *

564C |Trudau-Benz clay loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes| 194 | --- | 194 | *

581E |Whitecow, stony-Warneke, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 335 | --- | 335 | *

581F |Whitecow, very stony-Warneke, very stony-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes----| 1,603 | --- | 1,603 | 0.3

582E |Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 196 | --- | 196 | *

583E |Whitecow-Warneke complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 217 | --- | 217 | *

584F |Whitecow-Whitecow, stony-Warneke complex, 25 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 755 | --- | 755 | 0.1

585E |Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 501 | --- | 501 | *

591F |Windham-Rock outcrop-Warneke complex, 35 to | | | |

 | 60 percent slopes---------------------------| 848 | --- | 848 | 0.1

631D |Rencot-Rock outcrop-Rencot, stony, complex, 8| | | |

 | to 25 percent slopes------------------------| 4,205 | --- | 4,205 | 0.7

631E |Rencot-Rencot, very stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 9,875 | --- | 9,875 | 1.6

631F |Rencot-Bronec-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,437 | --- | 1,437 | 0.2

632C |Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 744 | --- | 744 | 0.1

632D |Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 3,256 | --- | 3,256 | 0.5

632E |Rencot, very stony-Lahood, stony-Rock outcrop| | | |

 | complex, 25 to 45 percent slopes------------| 551 | --- | 551 | *

633D |Rencot, very stony-Bronec, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-----| 1,153 | --- | 1,153 | 0.2

634E |Rencot, very stony-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 25 to 45 percent slopes-----| 2,092 | --- | 2,092 | 0.3

641C |Varney gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 427 | --- | 427 | *

642C |Varney clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 1,525 | 77 | 1,602 | 0.3

642D |Varney clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----| 718 | --- | 718 | 0.1

643A |Varney cobbly loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----| 56 | --- | 56 | *

643C |Varney cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 390 | --- | 390 | *

644C |Varney complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | gullied-------------------------------------| 295 | --- | 295 | *

645B |Varney-Sieben complex, 1 to 4 percent slopes,| | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 379 | --- | 379 | *

645D |Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony, complex, 4 | | | |

 | to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 1,895 | 40 | 1,935 | 0.3

645E |Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony, complex, 15| | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 1,427 | 39 | 1,466 | 0.2

646C |Varney loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, stony----| 637 | 10 | 647 | 0.1

651C |Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--| 261 | --- | 261 | *

652C |Judell cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----| 39 | --- | 39 | *

655C |Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 130 | --- | 130 | *

662B |Judell gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, | | | |

 | very stony----------------------------------| 72 | --- | 72 | *

691A |Meadowcreek, Clunton, and Cardwell soils, 0 | | | |

 | to 2 percent slopes, channeled--------------| 817 | --- | 817 | 0.1

692A |Meadowcreek-Nestley-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 381 | --- | 381 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 251

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

713E |Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| --- | 372 | 372 | *

713F |Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| --- | 241 | 241 | *

721E |Zbart-Bondoe-Brocko complex, 4 to 25 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 249 | --- | 249 | *

731C |Martinsdale, stony-Martinsdale-Hilger | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------------| 825 | --- | 825 | 0.1

732D |Martinsdale-Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes---| 287 | --- | 287 | *

734D |Martinsdale loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | very stony----------------------------------| 386 | --- | 386 | *

735C |Martinsdale-Absarook-Whitlash complex, 2 to 8| | | |

 | percent slopes, stony-----------------------| 178 | --- | 178 | *

736C |Martinsdale-Work complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 147 | --- | 147 | *

742E |Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 678 | --- | 678 | 0.1

744E |Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes--| 1,727 | --- | 1,727 | 0.3

745D |Shawmut-Wickes-Gnojek complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 366 | --- | 366 | *

745E |Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent| | | |

 | slopes, dry---------------------------------| 1,707 | --- | 1,707 | 0.3

746E |Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 321 | --- | 321 | *

747E |Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 15 to 35 percent slopes---------------------| 762 | --- | 762 | 0.1

748E |Shawmut, stony-Wickes, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 15 to 45 percent slopes---------------------| 18 | --- | 18 | *

751C |Sixbeacon gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 895 | --- | 895 | 0.1

752B |Sixbeacon-Vendome complex, 1 to 4 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 838 | --- | 838 | 0.1

753C |Sixbeacon-Cozberg complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 398 | --- | 398 | *

754D |Sixbeacon-Cozberg, stony, complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 74 | --- | 74 | *

755A |Vendome very cobbly loam, 0 to 4 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 47 | --- | 47 | *

773F |Rock outcrop-Pensore association, 15 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 880 | --- | 880 | 0.1

774F |Rock outcrop-Whitlash, bouldery, association,| | | |

 | 35 to 70 percent slopes---------------------| 2,758 | --- | 2,758 | 0.5

775F |Rock outcrop-Lap-Lap, very stony, | | | |

 | association, 15 to 70 percent slopes--------| 688 | --- | 688 | 0.1

776D |Rock outcrop-Devilfence association, 2 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 358 | --- | 358 | *

777E |Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic complex, 15 to | | | |

 | 35 percent slopes---------------------------| 338 | 58 | 396 | *

777F |Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic complex, 35 to | | | |

 | 70 percent slopes---------------------------| 998 | 175 | 1,173 | 0.2

778E |Rock outcrop-Kounter, very bouldery-Jeffcity,| | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 1,353 | --- | 1,353 | 0.2

781A |Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes----| 923 | 115 | 1,038 | 0.2

782A |Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 207 | 131 | 338 | *

791C |Chinook sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes, saline------------------------------| 211 | --- | 211 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
252 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

811C |Ethridge, saline-Zatony clay loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 67 | --- | 67 | *

821C |Rothiemay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------| 323 | --- | 323 | *

831E |Shoddy-Cabbart-Kobarter complex, 4 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 331 | --- | 331 | *

832E |Shoddy-Rock outcrop-Delpoint complex, 2 to 25| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 134 | --- | 134 | *

841A |Clunton loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------| 339 | --- | 339 | *

851D |Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,077 | --- | 1,077 | 0.2

851F |Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,194 | --- | 1,194 | 0.2

852C |Walbert sandy clay loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 258 | --- | 258 | *

858E |Yetull-Yetull, stony, complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 243 | --- | 243 | *

859C |Yetull loamy fine sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes| 142 | --- | 142 | *

872E |Kobarter-Abor, stony, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 395 | --- | 395 | *

911C |Absarook-Martinsdale, stony, complex, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 77 | --- | 77 | *

915C |Quincreek channery loam, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 222 | --- | 222 | *

941E |Tigeron, bouldery-Tigeron, very bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 257 | --- | 257 | *

942E |Tigeron extremely gravelly loam, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 40 | --- | 40 | *

943F |Tigeron, stony-Tigeron, very stony, complex, | | | |

 | 25 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 877 | --- | 877 | 0.1

944E |Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern, bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 1,379 | --- | 1,379 | 0.2

945E |Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern, bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, | | | |

 | dry-----------------------------------------| 1,110 | --- | 1,110 | 0.2

946F |Tigeron, very stony-Redfern, rubbly-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----| 37 | --- | 37 | *

947F |Tigeron, very stony-Redfern, rubbly-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes, | | | |

 | dry-----------------------------------------| 764 | --- | 764 | 0.1

952F |Redfern, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tigeron, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes--| 951 | --- | 951 | 0.2

953F |Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | association, 25 to 60 percent slopes--------| 1,718 | --- | 1,718 | 0.3

954F |Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Tigeron, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes--| 449 | --- | 449 | *

963E |Elve-Warwood complex, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 268 | --- | 268 | *

964E |Elve, very stony-Elve, rubbly-Cowood, rubbly,| | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 1,087 | --- | 1,087 | 0.2

964F |Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, cool------| 451 | --- | 451 | *

965E |Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly, complex, 15 | | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 451 | --- | 451 | *

965F |Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, dry-------| 649 | --- | 649 | 0.1

966E |Elve, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 584 | --- | 584 | *

967F |Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 341 | --- | 341 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 253

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

968E |Elve, stony-Worock complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 625 | --- | 625 | 0.1

968F |Elve, stony-Worock complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 436 | --- | 436 | *

969F |Elve, bouldery-Worock-Rock outcrop complex, | | | |

 | 35 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 268 | --- | 268 | *

971F |Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop association, 25 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 105 | --- | 105 | *

972F |Cowood, very bouldery-Kimpton, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 101 | --- | 101 | *

973D |Cowood, very stony-Elve, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-----| 135 | --- | 135 | *

982F |Kimpton, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Tiban, | | | |

 | very bouldery, complex, 25 to 50 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 156 | --- | 156 | *

991E |Libeg loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery| 79 | --- | 79 | *

992E |Libeg, very bouldery-Libeg, bouldery-Nieman, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 456 | --- | 456 | *

993D |Ratiopeak-Tiban gravelly loams, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 150 | --- | 150 | *

994E |Libeg, stony-Nieman, bouldery, complex, 15 to| | | |

 | 45 percent slopes---------------------------| 997 | --- | 997 | 0.2

996D |Libeg-Monaberg gravelly loams, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 98 | --- | 98 | *

997E |Libeg, stony-Monaberg-Adel complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 186 | --- | 186 | *

998E |Libeg-Nieman, stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 189 | --- | 189 | *

999E |Libeg, very stony-Libeg, very bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 526 | --- | 526 | *

999F |Libeg, very stony-Libeg, rubbly, association,| | | |

 | 25 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 542 | --- | 542 | *

1003E |Tiban, bouldery-Cheadle, very bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 501 | --- | 501 | *

1004E |Tiban, rubbly-Tiban, very bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 136 | --- | 136 | *

1101E |Monaberg, stony-Libeg, bouldery, complex, 15 | | | |

 | to 35 percent complex-----------------------| 162 | --- | 162 | *

1102B |Adel-Libeg, stony, complex, 1 to 4 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 24 | --- | 24 | *

1103D |Adel-Libeg complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 167 | --- | 167 | *

1104C |Adel loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------| 80 | --- | 80 | *

1120E |Quaint channery loam, 8 to 35 percent slopes,| | | |

 | very stony----------------------------------| 500 | --- | 500 | *

1121E |Quaint-Rock outcrop-Redfist complex, 4 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,939 | --- | 1,939 | 0.3

1121F |Quaint-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 576 | --- | 576 | *

1122D |Quaint-Redfist channery loams, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 328 | --- | 328 | *

1131C |Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 2 to 8 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 980 | --- | 980 | 0.2

1131D |Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 8 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 391 | --- | 391 | *

1132D |Redfist, bouldery-Perma, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 2 to 35 percent slopes-----| 461 | --- | 461 | *

1141D |Devilfence very channery loam, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 165 | --- | 165 | *

1142E |Devilfence-Rock outcrop-Wilspring complex, 8 | | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 2,432 | --- | 2,432 | 0.4

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
254 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1142F |Devilfence-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 426 | --- | 426 | *

1143F |Deville-Wilde-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 509 | --- | 509 | *

1146E |Deville-Rock outcrop-Wilde complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 391 | --- | 391 | *

1152D |Wilspring-Devilfence complex, 4 to 15 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,718 | --- | 1,718 | 0.3

1152E |Wilspring-Devilfence-Rock outcrop complex, 15| | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 2,049 | --- | 2,049 | 0.3

1153C |Wilspring-Quincreek-Devilfence complex, 2 to | | | |

 | 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 429 | --- | 429 | *

1154E |Wilde-Deville-Vigilante complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 410 | --- | 410 | *

1154F |Wilde, stony-Vigilante-Deville, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes------------| 240 | --- | 240 | *

1161E |Yreka, bouldery-Hoyt, bouldery-Shaboom, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 147 | --- | 147 | *

1162E |Yreka very cobbly loam, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 297 | --- | 297 | *

1163F |Ymark, very bouldery-Elmark, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,668 | --- | 1,668 | 0.3

1164F |Yreka-Brickner, stony, complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,824 | --- | 1,824 | 0.3

1170E |Whitlash-Whitlash, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 248 | --- | 248 | *

1171F |Castner, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to| | | |

 | 50 percent slopes---------------------------| 194 | --- | 194 | *

1172F |Castner, very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, | | | |

 | 35 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 134 | --- | 134 | *

1180E |Farnuf loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, stony--| 62 | --- | 62 | *

1182C |Breeton gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-| 288 | --- | 288 | *

1191E |Silverchief very cobbly clay loam, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 38 | --- | 38 | *

1210C |Ferball clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----| 367 | --- | 367 | *

1222C |Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stony-Shawmut | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------------| 566 | --- | 566 | *

1222E |Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stony-Shawmut | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 44 | --- | 44 | *

1223D |Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 627 | --- | 627 | 0.1

1242D |Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, moist------| 2,835 | 16 | 2,851 | 0.5

1242E |Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, moist-----| 4,957 | 443 | 5,400 | 0.9

1243D |Baxton-Connieo coarse sandy loams, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 703 | 14 | 717 | 0.1

1244D |Baxton-Connieo, very bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 926 | 43 | 969 | 0.2

1244E |Baxton-Connieo-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 558 | 62 | 620 | 0.1

1245E |Baxton-Breeton-Connieo complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,473 | --- | 1,473 | 0.2

1246E |Baxton, stony-Breeton, bouldery-Catgulch, | | | |

 | very stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes| 535 | --- | 535 | *

1247E |Baxton-Kellygulch-Connieo complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 606 | --- | 606 | 0.1

1250C |Work cobbly clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,| | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 165 | --- | 165 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 255

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1250E |Work very cobbly clay loam, 8 to 25 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 10 | --- | 10 | *

1271D |Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex, 8 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 809 | --- | 809 | 0.1

1272D |Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,650 | --- | 1,650 | 0.3

1273E |Placerton-Farnuf-Breeton complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 298 | 13 | 311 | *

1275D |Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo gravelly sandy clay | | | |

 | loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------| 1,186 | --- | 1,186 | 0.2

1275E |Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 913 | --- | 913 | 0.2

1276D |Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, warm------------------------| 300 | --- | 300 | *

1277C |Placerton-Jeffcity complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 290 | --- | 290 | *

1280D |Crackerville-Catgulch complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 747 | --- | 747 | 0.1

1281D |Crackerville-Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 399 | --- | 399 | *

1282D |Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 20 percent slopes-------------| 892 | --- | 892 | 0.1

1283E |Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 20 to 35 percent slopes------------| 905 | --- | 905 | 0.1

1286E |Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, warm------| 454 | --- | 454 | *

1287E |Clancy, very stony-Crampton, bouldery- | | | |

 | Bielenberg, very stony, complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,344 | --- | 1,344 | 0.2

1321B |Beaverell, very stony-Beaverell-Sieberell, | | | |

 | stony, complex, 1 to 4 percent slopes-------| 1,539 | --- | 1,539 | 0.3

1321D |Beaverell, very stony-Sieberell, stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 1,148 | --- | 1,148 | 0.2

1322D |Beaverell, stony-Beaverell, rubbly-Sieberell,| | | |

 | stony, complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes------| 805 | --- | 805 | 0.1

1331A |Bonebasin-Wetsand complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,182 | --- | 1,182 | 0.2

1341D |Windham very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 113 | --- | 113 | *

1342E |Windham-Lap very cobbly loams, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 429 | --- | 429 | *

1343D |Windham-Judell very cobbly loams, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, bouldery--------------------| 184 | --- | 184 | *

1351D |Perma stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, | | | |

 | very bouldery-------------------------------| 487 | --- | 487 | *

1352E |Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery, warm----------------------| 250 | --- | 250 | *

1353F |Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 316 | --- | 316 | *

1355D |Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, warm------------------------| 19 | --- | 19 | *

1355E |Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes, warm------------------------| 23 | --- | 23 | *

1356E |Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35 percent slopes,| | | |

 | stony, moist--------------------------------| 56 | --- | 56 | *

1357F |Perma, very bouldery-Shaboom, extremely | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 228 | --- | 228 | *

1361E |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Elmark, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes---| 522 | --- | 522 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
256 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1362F |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 296 | --- | 296 | *

1372D |Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 1,726 | --- | 1,726 | 0.3

1373E |Burtoner-Elmark-Connieo complex, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very bouldery---------------| 532 | --- | 532 | *

1374D |Burtoner-Clancy-Connieo complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 3,155 | --- | 3,155 | 0.5

1375D |Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, warm-------| 1,005 | --- | 1,005 | 0.2

1375E |Burtoner, very stony-Connieo, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 294 | --- | 294 | *

1376F |Burtoner, very stony-Connieo, very stony-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 211 | --- | 211 | *

1377E |Burtoner, very stony-Crampton, bouldery- | | | |

 | Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,776 | --- | 1,776 | 0.3

1378E |Burtoner-Elmark-Shaboom, very bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 1,432 | --- | 1,432 | 0.2

1381D |Jeffcity, stony-Connieo, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 220 | --- | 220 | *

1391B |Bronec fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes| 772 | --- | 772 | 0.1

1451F |Blaincreek, very stony-Sawicki, very stony- | | | |

 | Tolbert, very bouldery, complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 691 | --- | 691 | 0.1

1460C |Clasoil loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------| 205 | --- | 205 | *

1461D |Bielenberg-Burtoner, very stony-Catgulch, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes---| 2,981 | --- | 2,981 | 0.5

1540F |Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Elmark, very bouldery, association, 35 to 60| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 908 | --- | 908 | 0.2

1541E |Shaboom, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes| 638 | --- | 638 | 0.1

1542E |Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Kellygulch, very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,216 | --- | 2,216 | 0.4

1543E |Shaboom, very bouldery-Kellygulch, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,982 | --- | 1,982 | 0.3

1543F |Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Kellygulch, | | | |

 | extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 2,605 | --- | 2,605 | 0.4

1544E |Shaboom, bouldery-Kellygulch, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes-----| 749 | --- | 749 | 0.1

1563D |Hilger, rubbly-Hilger complex, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 529 | --- | 529 | *

1564E |Hilger, very stony-Hilger, rubbly-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 1,386 | --- | 1,386 | 0.2

1591E |Catgulch, bouldery-Crackerville-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 1,673 | --- | 1,673 | 0.3

1595E |Connieo, bouldery-Crackerville-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 418 | --- | 418 | *

1596C |Connieo-Rock outcrop-Placerton complex, 2 to | | | |

 | 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 58 | --- | 58 | *

1602C |Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,087 | --- | 1,087 | 0.2

1603C |Farnuf sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----| 1,123 | --- | 1,123 | 0.2

1604D |Farnuf-Farnuf, stony-Burtoner complex, 4 to | | | |

 | 15 percent slopes---------------------------| 61 | 221 | 282 | *

1605C |Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes, warm------------------------| 366 | --- | 366 | *

1606D |Farnuf loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes----------| 102 | 69 | 171 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 257

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1607D |Farnuf-Placerton-Martinsdale complex, 4 to 15| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 403 | 1 | 404 | *

1621D |Connieo, stony-Baxton, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 183 | 177 | 360 | *

1621E |Connieo, very stony-Baxton, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes----| 448 | 101 | 549 | *

1622D |Connieo, moist-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 617 | 583 | 1,200 | 0.2

1623D |Connieo-Burtoner complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,022 | 520 | 1,542 | 0.3

1623E |Connieo-Baxton-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,005 | 12 | 1,017 | 0.2

1624F |Connieo, very stony-Baxton, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 1,397 | 182 | 1,579 | 0.3

1625F |Connieo, extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Burtoner, extremely stony, complex, 35 to 60| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 291 | --- | 291 | *

1626D |Connieo, bouldery-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-----| 1,277 | --- | 1,277 | 0.2

1627E |Connieo, very bouldery-Burtoner-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, moist------| 1,458 | --- | 1,458 | 0.2

1628D |Connieo, bouldery-Ashbray, very bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-----| 489 | --- | 489 | *

1629C |Connieo-Catgulch-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 8| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 471 | --- | 471 | *

1640D |Nieman, very stony-Rock outcrop-Libeg, stony,| | | |

 | complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 229 | --- | 229 | *

1641E |Nieman, very stony-Rock outcrop-Libeg, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 950 | --- | 950 | 0.2

1641F |Nieman, very stony-Rock outcrop-Libeg, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 45 to 70 percent slopes-----| 150 | --- | 150 | *

1642F |Nieman, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Libeg, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes--| 1,074 | --- | 1,074 | 0.2

1643E |Nieman, stony-Libeg complex, 15 to 35 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 518 | --- | 518 | *

1643F |Nieman, stony-Libeg-Rock outcrop complex, 35 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 1,182 | --- | 1,182 | 0.2

1651C |Sawbuck-Sawbuck, very stony-Clasoil complex, | | | |

 | 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------| 282 | --- | 282 | *

1652E |Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 489 | --- | 489 | *

1654E |Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek-Tolbert, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes-----| 780 | --- | 780 | 0.1

1655E |Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery, warm----------------------| 885 | --- | 885 | 0.1

1656E |Sawicki-Bielenberg, very stony-Tolbert, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes-----| 421 | --- | 421 | *

1657E |Sawicki, very bouldery-Crampton, bouldery- | | | |

 | Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 723 | --- | 723 | 0.1

1658D |Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 61 | --- | 61 | *

1658E |Sawicki, very stony-Blaincreek, very stony- | | | |

 | Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,153 | --- | 1,153 | 0.2

1659E |Sawbuck, stony-Sawbuck, bouldery, complex, 15| | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 205 | --- | 205 | *

1661D |Catgulch-Baxton complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 90 | 567 | 657 | 0.1

1661E |Catgulch-Baxton complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 237 | 399 | 636 | 0.1

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
258 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1662D |Catgulch, very stony-Rock outcrop-Burtoner | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 257 | 79 | 336 | *

1663D |Catgulch, bouldery-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-----| 187 | 81 | 268 | *

1664E |Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Ashbray, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 4 to 35 percent slopes---| 1,206 | --- | 1,206 | 0.2

1665F |Catgulch, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Connieo,| | | |

 | very stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes| 254 | --- | 254 | *

1667E |Catgulch, extremely bouldery-Baxton, | | | |

 | extremely bouldery-Burtoner, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 254 | 1 | 255 | *

1671E |Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 428 | --- | 428 | *

1672E |Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 495 | --- | 495 | *

1675E |Tolbert, very stony-Blaincreek, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 2,108 | --- | 2,108 | 0.3

1675F |Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcrop-Blaincreek, | | | |

 | very stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes| 2,162 | --- | 2,162 | 0.4

1680D |Raynesford silt loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes-| 162 | --- | 162 | *

1690F |Cheadle, very stony-Rock outcrop-Tiban, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 431 | --- | 431 | *

1721C |Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, warm| 74 | --- | 74 | *

1722C |Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stony-Shawmut | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, warm--------| 204 | --- | 204 | *

1722E |Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stony-Shawmut | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, warm------| 140 | --- | 140 | *

1723D |Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery, warm----------------------| 247 | --- | 247 | *

1724D |Martinsdale-Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 319 | --- | 319 | *

1731E |Tepecreek, bouldery-Caseypeak, very bouldery-| | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes| 764 | --- | 764 | 0.1

1731F |Tepecreek, very bouldery-Caseypeak, rubbly- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 399 | --- | 399 | *

1732F |Tepecreek, very bouldery-Caseypeak, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,158 | --- | 1,158 | 0.2

1734F |Hiore, stony-Kurrie, stony-Caseypeak, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes-----| 1,094 | --- | 1,094 | 0.2

1735E |Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,524 | --- | 1,524 | 0.3

1735F |Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 1,176 | --- | 1,176 | 0.2

1740E |Tropal, bouldery-Hanson, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 317 | --- | 317 | *

1741F |Tropal, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Whitore, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 726 | --- | 726 | 0.1

1742F |Tropal, very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, | | | |

 | 25 to 60 percent slopes---------------------| 476 | --- | 476 | *

1750F |Whitore, bouldery-Tropal, very bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 45 percent slopes----| 431 | --- | 431 | *

1751F |Whitore, very stony-Tropal, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 596 | --- | 596 | *

1752E |Whitore, stony-Helmville, bouldery-Firada, | | | |

 | very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes| 349 | --- | 349 | *

1753E |Whitore, stony-Tropal, very stony-Firada, | | | |

 | very stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-| 162 | --- | 162 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 259

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1760E |Hanson, stony-Whitore, bouldery, complex, 8 | | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 194 | --- | 194 | *

1770E |Helmville, rubbly-Tiban, very bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 195 | --- | 195 | *

1781E |Firada, stony-Tropal, very stony-Rock outcrop| | | |

 | complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 66 | --- | 66 | *

1790F |Sigbird, very bouldery-Sigbird, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 70 percent slopes----| 42 | --- | 42 | *

1800D |Breeton coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,176 | 70 | 1,246 | 0.2

1802D |Breeton-Baxton-Connieo complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 818 | --- | 818 | 0.1

1803C |Breeton-Cometcrik complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,612 | --- | 1,612 | 0.3

1810F |Hoyt, very stony-Ymark, bouldery-Shaboom, | | | |

 | very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,584 | --- | 1,584 | 0.3

1821F |Kellygulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Bielenberg | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes------------| 566 | 300 | 866 | 0.1

1822F |Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop association, 45 to 75 percent slopes| 317 | --- | 317 | *

1823E |Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes----| 484 | --- | 484 | *

1823F |Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 1,723 | --- | 1,723 | 0.3

1830E |Clancy-Bielenberg-Breeton complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 819 | 103 | 922 | 0.2

1831D |Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,075 | 44 | 1,119 | 0.2

1832D |Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 301 | --- | 301 | *

1833D |Clancy-Connieo complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 1,284 | --- | 1,284 | 0.2

1835D |Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,465 | --- | 2,465 | 0.4

1836E |Clancy, bouldery-Bielenberg, stony-Catgulch, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 1,209 | --- | 1,209 | 0.2

1837E |Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,094 | --- | 2,094 | 0.3

1838D |Clancy-Clancy, very stony-Bielenberg complex,| | | |

 | 4 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 142 | --- | 142 | *

1841D |Tuggle-Branham-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 163 | 501 | 664 | 0.1

1842D |Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to | | | |

 | 15 percent slopes---------------------------| 153 | 895 | 1,048 | 0.2

1842E |Caseypeak-Branham-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to| | | |

 | 35 percent slopes---------------------------| 1,103 | 149 | 1,252 | 0.2

1842F |Caseypeak, bouldery-Branham, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 328 | 9 | 337 | *

1851D |Branham-Lowder loams, 0 to 8 percent slopes--| 86 | 172 | 258 | *

1851E |Branham-Lowder loams, 8 to 25 percent slopes-| 114 | 51 | 165 | *

1853D |Branham-Tuggle complex, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 120 | 44 | 164 | *

1853E |Branham-Tuggle complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 282 | 99 | 381 | *

1861F |Clugulch-Bobowic-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to | | | |

 | 70 percent slopes---------------------------| 240 | 212 | 452 | *

1871E |Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 97 | 121 | 218 | *

1871F |Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 43 | 56 | 99 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
260 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

1872E |Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 382 | --- | 382 | *

1872F |Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 70| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 164 | 16 | 180 | *

1901F |Warwood-Tigeron, very stony-Cowood, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes-----| 84 | --- | 84 | *

1902D |Warwood, very bouldery-Warwood, very stony- | | | |

 | Tigeron, very bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 127 | --- | 127 | *

1910F |Elmark, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Shaboom, | | | |

 | extremely bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 405 | --- | 405 | *

1921D |Judell-Lap, very stony, complex, 4 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 236 | --- | 236 | *

1921E |Judell-Lap, very stony, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 62 | --- | 62 | *

1930E |Elmark-Kellygulch, very bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 510 | --- | 510 | *

1933E |Elmark, bouldery-Breeton-Shaboom, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes------------| 451 | --- | 451 | *

1940E |Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulgh, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes| 2,677 | --- | 2,677 | 0.4

1945E |Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, dry---------------------------------| 6,768 | --- | 6,768 | 1.1

1946E |Elmark, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom, very bouldery,| | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes, dry--------| 2,863 | --- | 2,863 | 0.5

1947E |Elmark, bouldery-Burtoner-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes-------------| 1,000 | --- | 1,000 | 0.2

1948E |Elmark, very bouldery-Skyview, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,120 | --- | 1,120 | 0.2

1950F |Franconi, very bouldery-Warwood-Caseypeak, | | | |

 | very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 239 | --- | 239 | *

1960D |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes---| 345 | --- | 345 | *

1961E |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom, very | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes--| 2,791 | --- | 2,791 | 0.5

1962E |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Yreka, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Shaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 292 | --- | 292 | *

1963F |Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Kellygulch, very bouldery, complex, 25 to | | | |

 | 60 percent slopes---------------------------| 555 | --- | 555 | *

1964E |Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Shaboom, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 318 | --- | 318 | *

1965E |Lumpgulch, bouldery-Ymark, very bouldery-Rock| | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 459 | --- | 459 | *

1970E |Bignell, stony-Yreka, very stony, complex, 15| | | |

 | to 35 percent slopes------------------------| 69 | --- | 69 | *

1980F |Stemple cobbly loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes,| | | |

 | very stony----------------------------------| 118 | --- | 118 | *

1990F |Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Tepecreek, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 325 | --- | 325 | *

1991D |Bobowic-Clugulch, bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-------------| 37 | --- | 37 | *

2000E |Skyview, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Roegulch,| | | |

 | very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 342 | --- | 342 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 261

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

2001E |Skyview, very bouldery-Elmark, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 655 | --- | 655 | 0.1

2011D |Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery, warm----------------------| 46 | --- | 46 | *

2012D |Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, warm-------| 530 | --- | 530 | *

2012E |Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes, warm------| 390 | --- | 390 | *

2013E |Shawmut, bouldery-Wickes, stony-Tolbert, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes--| 1,221 | --- | 1,221 | 0.2

2014E |Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 38 | --- | 38 | *

2020D |Shawmut, stony-Shawmut, bouldery, complex, 4 | | | |

 | to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 584 | --- | 584 | *

2030E |Kokoruda-Elmark, very bouldery-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 227 | --- | 227 | *

2031D |Eagleton, stony-Kokoruda-Cometcrik complex, 2| | | |

 | to 25 percent slopes------------------------| 545 | --- | 545 | *

2040F |Shaboom, extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop- | | | |

 | Rubble land association, 35 to 70 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 459 | 36 | 495 | *

2041F |Rock outcrop-Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15 | | | |

 | to 70 percent slopes------------------------| 1,881 | 340 | 2,221 | 0.4

2042F |Rock outcrop-Cheadle, very bouldery-Tiban, | | | |

 | very bouldery, complex, 15 to 50 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 113 | 17 | 130 | *

2043F |Rencot, very stony-Rencot, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop association, 15 to 60 percent slopes| 1,070 | --- | 1,070 | 0.2

2045F |Caseypeak, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble | | | |

 | land association, 15 to 60 percent slopes, | | | |

 | dry-----------------------------------------| 469 | --- | 469 | *

2046F |Caseypeak, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Rubble | | | |

 | land association, 15 to 60 percent slopes, | | | |

 | cool----------------------------------------| 56 | --- | 56 | *

2051E |Opitz, bouldery-Branham, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Tuggle, very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 233 | --- | 233 | *

2081F |Windham, very stony-Rock outcrop-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 54 | --- | 54 | *

2082D |Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, warm--------------------------------| 200 | --- | 200 | *

2084E |Windham, stony-Maiden, very stony-Lap, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, | | | |

 | warm----------------------------------------| 581 | --- | 581 | *

2086E |Windham-Windham, stony, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes, warm------------------------| 101 | --- | 101 | *

2088D |Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8 to 25 | | | |

 | percent slopes, stony, warm-----------------| 293 | --- | 293 | *

2090F |Caseypeak, very bouldery-Franconi, very | | | |

 | bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,087 | --- | 1,087 | 0.2

2091E |Caseypeak, bouldery-Franconi, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 149 | --- | 149 | *

2110D |Sebud very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 297 | --- | 297 | *

2111E |Sebud, very stony-Hapgood complex, 8 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 251 | 189 | 440 | *

2112D |Sebud-Marcel complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes,| | | |

 | bouldery------------------------------------| 357 | --- | 357 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
262 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

2121F |Hapgood-Hanson-Tiban complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very stony------------------| 323 | --- | 323 | *

2122F |Hapgood-Tiban complex, 35 to 70 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 353 | --- | 353 | *

2123F |Hapgood-Sebud-Arrowpeak complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very stony------------------| 211 | --- | 211 | *

2125F |Cowood, rubbly-Elve, very stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 118 | --- | 118 | *

2151E |Releep, very bouldery-Kurrie, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 712 | --- | 712 | 0.1

2161E |Ellena, bouldery-Worock, very bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes----| 201 | --- | 201 | *

2161F |Kurrie, very bouldery-Ellena, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 749 | --- | 749 | 0.1

2171F |Hiore-Kurrie, stony, complex, 25 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,206 | --- | 1,206 | 0.2

2172F |Rubick, very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 | | | |

 | to 60 percent slopes------------------------| 1,094 | --- | 1,094 | 0.2

2173F |Rubick gravelly sandy loam, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes, stony-------------------------------| 329 | --- | 329 | *

2181F |Repkie, very stony-Yreka, stony-Skyview, very| | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes--| 600 | --- | 600 | *

2211E |Sebud-Arrowpeak, stony, complex, 8 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,760 | --- | 1,760 | 0.3

2211F |Sebud, very stony-Arrowpeak, very stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 382 | --- | 382 | *

2212D |Sebud, very stony-Libeg-Arrowpeak, stony, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 399 | --- | 399 | *

2212E |Sebud, very stony-Libeg, stony-Arrowpeak, | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes-----| 1,383 | --- | 1,383 | 0.2

2213E |Sebud, stony-Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes------| 708 | --- | 708 | 0.1

2213F |Sebud, stony-Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes-----| 715 | --- | 715 | 0.1

2214E |Sebud, bouldery-Surdal, very bouldery- | | | |

 | Arrowpeak, very bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 517 | --- | 517 | *

2215D |Sebud-Tibkey cobbly loams, 2 to 15 percent | | | |

 | slopes, bouldery----------------------------| 254 | --- | 254 | *

2216D |Sebud-Surdal complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes,| | | |

 | stony---------------------------------------| 505 | --- | 505 | *

2221E |Arrowpeak, very stony-Surdal, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-----| 345 | --- | 345 | *

2222F |Arrowpeak, very stony-Sebud, stony-Surdal, | | | |

 | very stony, complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes| 99 | --- | 99 | *

2230B |Tineman cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, | | | |

 | very stony----------------------------------| 370 | --- | 370 | *

2251F |Nivean, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 115 | --- | 115 | *

2252E |Nivean, very stony-Macabre, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes----| 477 | --- | 477 | *

2261D |Lowland loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes, stony--| 364 | --- | 364 | *

2261E |Lowland loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, stony-| 667 | --- | 667 | 0.1

2261F |Lowland, stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 89 | --- | 89 | *

2270F |Macabre, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 221 | --- | 221 | *

2271D |Macabre gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes| 112 | --- | 112 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 263

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

2281F |Judco, stony-Torpy, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 684 | --- | 684 | 0.1

2291F |Mocmont-Kadygulch cobbly loams, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very stony------------------| 44 | --- | 44 | *

2301F |Mocmont, bouldery-Roegulch, rubbly-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes----| 210 | --- | 210 | *

2311F |Worock, stony-Cowood, very stony-Rock outcrop| | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 299 | --- | 299 | *

2312F |Worock, stony-Elve, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 1,085 | --- | 1,085 | 0.2

2321D |Torpy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes-----------| 122 | --- | 122 | *

2321E |Torpy gravelly loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes-| 420 | --- | 420 | *

2321F |Torpy gravelly loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes-| 685 | --- | 685 | 0.1

2322E |Lowland-Torpy complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 189 | --- | 189 | *

2322F |Lowland-Torpy complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 293 | --- | 293 | *

2331B |Mooseflat loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes--------| 815 | --- | 815 | 0.1

2332B |Mooseflat-Elvick loams, 1 to 4 percent slopes| 389 | --- | 389 | *

2350D |Clasoil, very stony-Sawicki, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes-------------| 71 | --- | 71 | *

2360E |Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Shawmut complex, | | | |

 | 8 to 35 percent slopes----------------------| 910 | --- | 910 | 0.2

2360F |Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes------------| 1,121 | --- | 1,121 | 0.2

2361E |Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 1,479 | --- | 1,479 | 0.2

2361F |Gnojek, stony-Rock outcrop-Wickes, stony, | | | |

 | complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes------------| 470 | --- | 470 | *

2391C |Marcel, very bouldery-Tibkey, bouldery, | | | |

 | complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes--------------| 101 | --- | 101 | *

2411E |Ashbray, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes-------------| 782 | --- | 782 | 0.1

2412F |Ashbray, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Kellygulch, very| | | |

 | stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes-----| 918 | --- | 918 | 0.2

2421E |Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very stony, complex,| | | |

 | 4 to 25 percent slopes----------------------| 205 | --- | 205 | *

2431C |Foolhen, stony-Tibkey, bouldery, complex, 0 | | | |

 | to 8 percent slopes-------------------------| 50 | --- | 50 | *

2441E |Tineman, very stony-Franconi, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes-----| 83 | --- | 83 | *

2450E |Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Cedric, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes---| 411 | --- | 411 | *

2451D |Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Cedric, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes, | | | |

 | dry-----------------------------------------| 668 | --- | 668 | 0.1

2452E |Kounter, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Jeffcity,| | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes--| 157 | --- | 157 | *

2460D |Cedric, bouldery-Jeffcity, bouldery-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes-----| 462 | --- | 462 | *

2461D |Cedric, bouldery-Rock outcrop-Jeffcity, | | | |

 | bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes---| 544 | --- | 544 | *

2471F |Elve, stony-Worock, stony-Rock outcrop | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 1,220 | --- | 1,220 | 0.2

2472E |Elvick-Lowder complex, 8 to 25 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very bouldery-----------------------| 284 | --- | 284 | *

2473E |Elve-Cowood very cobbly loams, 8 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very stony------------------| 309 | --- | 309 | *

2481F |Brickner, very bouldery-Rock outcrop-Rubble | | | |

 | land complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes-------| 282 | --- | 282 | *

2483F |Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | association, 25 to 60 percent slopes, cool--| 989 | --- | 989 | 0.2

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
264 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

2484F |Rock outcrop-Rubble land-Redfern, rubbly, | | | |

 | association, 35 to 70 percent slopes--------| 791 | --- | 791 | 0.1

2485F |Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Tigeron, very | | | |

 | bouldery, association, 25 to 70 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 3,249 | --- | 3,249 | 0.5

2486F |Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 432 | --- | 432 | *

2487F |Torpy, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 119 | --- | 119 | *

2488D |Elve, very stony-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 4 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 100 | --- | 100 | *

2501D |Lowder-Elvick very cobbly loams, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very bouldery---------------| 324 | --- | 324 | *

2511C |Monaberg loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, | | | |

 | bouldery------------------------------------| 143 | --- | 143 | *

2581E |Worock, very bouldery-Elve, very stony, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes------------| 1,034 | --- | 1,034 | 0.2

2582D |Worock-Elve very cobbly loams, 2 to 15 | | | |

 | percent slopes, very bouldery, cool---------| 313 | --- | 313 | *

2582E |Worock, very bouldery-Worock, rubbly, | | | |

 | complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes-------------| 109 | --- | 109 | *

2582F |Worock, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble land | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 34 | --- | 34 | *

2583D |Worock, stony-Worock, very bouldery, complex,| | | |

 | 2 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 140 | --- | 140 | *

2583F |Worock, very bouldery-Worock, rubbly, | | | |

 | complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes------------| 310 | --- | 310 | *

2584E |Worock, very bouldery-Worock, rubbly, | | | |

 | complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, dry-------| 256 | --- | 256 | *

2591F |Kadygulch-Roegulch, stony, complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 1,937 | --- | 1,937 | 0.3

2661F |Elve-Cowood complex, 45 to 70 percent slopes-| 1,143 | --- | 1,143 | 0.2

2662E |Elve-Cowood complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes-| 75 | --- | 75 | *

2681E |Sawbuck-Catgulch, stony, complex, 8 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 2,599 | --- | 2,599 | 0.4

2682E |Sawbuck, stony-Yreka, stony-Catgulch, very | | | |

 | stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes-----| 1,023 | --- | 1,023 | 0.2

2691F |Connieo, very stony-Crackerville, stony-Rock | | | |

 | outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes----| 234 | --- | 234 | *

2695E |Macabre-Nivean complex, 15 to 35 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 119 | --- | 119 | *

2695F |Macabre-Judco-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 85 | --- | 85 | *

2701F |Crampton-Catgulch complex, 35 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes, very stony--------------------------| 177 | --- | 177 | *

2705F |Vitroff-Torpy loams, 35 to 60 percent slopes-| 103 | --- | 103 | *

2711E |Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 45 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 288 | --- | 288 | *

2712D |Libeg-Mooseflat loams, 4 to 25 percent slopes| 100 | --- | 100 | *

3001B |Aridic Ustifluvents, 0 to 4 percent slopes---| 133 | --- | 133 | *

3033B |Sappington-Amesha loams, 1 to 4 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 703 | --- | 703 | 0.1

3033C |Sappington-Amesha loams, 4 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 122 | --- | 122 | *

3061E |Holter-Castner channery loams, 8 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 32 | --- | 32 | *

3064D |Windham channery loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes| 4 | --- | 4 | *

3137B |Musselshell-Crago complex, 2 to 8 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 59 | --- | 59 | *

3141E |Crago-Pensore channery loams, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 15 | --- | 15 | *

 | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 265

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Total

 Map | Soil name |Jefferson |Silver Bow|___________________

symbol | | County | County | Area | Extent _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Acres | Acres | Acres | Pct

 | | | | |

3218A |Meadowcreek-Fairway complex, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 18 | --- | 18 | *

3233C |Geohrock-Crago very cobbly loams, 2 to 8 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 44 | --- | 44 | *

3433E |Crago-Musselshell gravelly loams, 4 to 35 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 89 | --- | 89 | *

3486F |Peeler-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 60 percent| | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 59 | --- | 59 | *

3501B |Fluvaquents-Fluvaquentic Haploborolls | | | |

 | complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes--------------| 7 | --- | 7 | *

3513A |Attewan-Nippt complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes-| 33 | --- | 33 | *

3532B |Geohrock gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes| 131 | --- | 131 | *

3664E |Windham-Whitecow-Lap channery loams, 15 to 45| | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 89 | --- | 89 | *

3685F |Whitecow channery loam, 25 to 60 percent | | | |

 | slopes--------------------------------------| 8 | --- | 8 | *

3885F |Whitecow-Warneke channery loams, 15 to 45 | | | |

 | percent slopes------------------------------| 89 | --- | 89 | *

DAM |Dam------------------------------------------| 1 | --- | 1 | *

M-W |Miscellaneous water--------------------------| 25 | --- | 25 | *

W |Water----------------------------------------| 494 | 3 | 497 | *

 | |__________|__________|__________|________

 | Total-----------------------------------| 592,300 | 11,200 | 603,500 | 100.0

 | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.

267

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are listed in the map unit descriptions

under the heading “additional components.” A few

areas of minor components may not have been

observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in

the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous

areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example,

Amesha silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes, is a phase of

the Amesha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

in all areas. Fairway-Meadowcreek complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more

geographically associated soils or miscellaneous

areas that are shown as one unit on the maps.

Detailed Soil Map Units
268 Soil Survey of

Because of present or anticipated uses of the map

units in the survey area, it was not considered

practical or necessary to map the soils or

miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and

relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas

are somewhat similar. Rock outcrop-Whitlash,

bouldery, association, 35 to 70 percent slopes, is an

example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not

uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the

major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made

up of all of them. Wetsand, Cardwell, and Clunton

soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled, is an

undifferentiated group in this survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. The map unit Dumps, mine, is an

example.

The acreage and proportionate extent of each map

unit is given in the table “Acreage and Proportionate

Extent of the Soils,” which is at the end of the section

“Formation and Classification of the Soils.” Other

tables (see Contents in Part II of this survey) give

properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities,

and potentials for many uses. The Glossary defines

many of the terms used in describing the soils or

miscellaneous areas.

1—Riverwash

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Riverwash

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Definition: Riverwash is unstabilized sandy, silty,

clayey, or gravelly sediment that is flooded,

washed, and reworked frequently by rivers and

creeks.

Additional Components

Riverrun and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2—Rubble land-Rock outcrop association

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, uplands, foothills

Elevation: 3,800 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 115 days

Component Description

Rubble land

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: Rubble land consists of areas of cobbles,

stones, and boulders. Commonly, it occurs at the

base of mountains, hills, and escarpments, but in

some areas it consists of deposits of cobbles,

stones, and boulders left on mountain slopes by

glaciation.

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Cheadle and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3—Dumps, mine

Component Description

Dumps, mine

Extent: 100 percent of the map unit

Definition: Mine dumps are piles of waste rock,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 269

generally in the vicinity of active mining sites, or

they are remnants of earlier mining activity.

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

4—Bronec, Clunton, channeled, and

Amesha soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 1 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha, cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Havre and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

5—Borrow areas and gravel pits

Component Description

Borrow areas

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Definition: Borrow areas are pits or linear excavations

created primarily for the purpose of extracting

materials for road building.

Gravel pits

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Definition: Gravel pits are pits or linear excavations

made primarily for the purpose of obtaining gravel

for road building.

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
270 Soil Survey of

6—Wetsand, Cardwell, and Clunton soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Wetsand and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.9 inches

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Additional Components

Riverrun and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wetsand loam and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

9—Bronec, Riverrun, channeled, and

Amesha soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 1 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 271

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

11B—Amesha silt loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

11C—Amesha silt loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

1 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit
272 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

11D—Amesha silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Additional Components

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

13A—Anamac loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Anamac and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium or

Tertiary valley fill

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.8 inches

Additional Components

Anamac soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Floweree and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

13C—Anamac loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Anamac and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium or

Tertiary valley fill

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 273

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Anamac, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

18A—Brocko silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Brocko soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

18C—Brocko silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

1 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

18D—Brocko silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches
274 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

18E—Brocko silt loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Zbart and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

20C—Windham gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

20D—Windham gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 275

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

20E—Windham very gravelly loam, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham, gravelly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

21A—Mckenton silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Mckenton and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey recent

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Bonebasin and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

22C—Zatony clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Zatony and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit
276 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey alluvium

derived from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Ethridge and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Floweree and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

23A—Mckenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Mckenton and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Bonebasin and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

25C—Cozberg sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cozberg and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy alluvium over sandy

and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Floweree and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

26C—Crago gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 277

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

26D—Crago gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

26E—Crago gravelly loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Musselshell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
278 Soil Survey of

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

27A—Bronec gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

27C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Bronec, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

27D—Bronec gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 279

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

27E—Bronec gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

30A—Dougcliff mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, river valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Dougcliff and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, swales on terraces

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Surface layer texture: Mucky peat

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic, herbaceous material over

fine-silty alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 20.7 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

32A—Fairway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days
280 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.6 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

33E—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent

Lahood and similar soils: 4 percent

Rencot and similar soils: 4 percent

Rock outcrop: 3 percent

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

37A—Pieriver silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Pieriver and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy recent alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Additional Components

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 281

38C—Kalsted sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kalsted and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

38D—Kalsted sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kalsted and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

40A—Moltoner loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Moltoner and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy, stratified

recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches

Additional Components

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
282 Soil Survey of

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

41—Bronec, Amesha, and Riverrun,

channeled, soils, 0 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 1 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Amesha, cobbly, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

42D—Perma cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 283

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

42E—Perma cobbly loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

47A—Cardwell silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Pieriver and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Eagleton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

48A—Riverrun sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit
284 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Riverwash: 3 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

52A—Ryell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Ryell and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Havre and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

53C—Sappington gravelly clay loam, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

56A—Trudau loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 285

Component Description

Trudau and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

knolls, stream terraces, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy alluvium

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Trudau clay loam and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Zatony and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

56B—Trudau loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Trudau and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

knolls, stream terraces, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy alluvium

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Trudau clay loam and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Zatony and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Abor and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

60C—Watne loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Watne and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

interfluves, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from claystone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.3 inches

Additional Components

Watne soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
286 Soil Survey of

64A—Varney sandy clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine and

coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Attewan and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

64C—Varney sandy clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine and

coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Raghorn and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Abor and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

65C—Judell loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Windham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 287

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

68D—Bondoe channery loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bondoe and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium derived from calcareous shale

Gravelly colluvium derived from clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Benz and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Zbart and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

69A—Meadowcreek silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Meadowcreek and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bonebasin and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

71C—Raghorn sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Raghorn and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy

alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.1 inches

Additional Components

Varney and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Yetull and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
288 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

71D—Raghorn sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Raghorn and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy

alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.1 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Yetull and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

72F—Zbart-Rock outcrop association, 25

to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys, foothills

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Zbart and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 25 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly residuum derived from hard, fractured

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Bondoe and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Benz and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

73C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 289

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Farnuf and similar soils: 4 percent

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent

Work and similar soils: 3 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

74D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

75C—Sixbeacon loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sixbeacon and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

76A—Absay silty clay loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Absay and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, stream terraces

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam
290 Soil Survey of

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline, sodic, clayey alluvium derived

from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Ethridge and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Zatony and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

77F—Rock outcrop-Pensore, stony-Crago,

stony, association, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Roto and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago soils that have slopes of less than 25 percent: 2

percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

79A—Chinook sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Chinook and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 291

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium

Coarse-loamy eolian deposits

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

79C—Chinook sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Chinook and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium

Coarse-loamy eolian deposits

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Raghorn and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

79D—Chinook sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Chinook and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium

Coarse-loamy eolian deposits

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Kalsted and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Raghorn and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

79E—Chinook sandy loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Chinook and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills, terraces

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam
292 Soil Survey of

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium

Coarse-loamy eolian deposits

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Kalsted and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

80A—Floweree silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Floweree and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-silty alluvium derived from semiconsolidated

shale-siltstone

Fine-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.1 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

80C—Floweree silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Floweree and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-silty alluvium derived from semiconsolidated

shale-siltstone

Fine-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.1 inches

Additional Components

Floweree soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

81A—Ethridge clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Ethridge and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 293

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey alluvium derived from semiconsolidated,

clayey shale

Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated, clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Kobarter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

81C—Ethridge clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Ethridge and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey alluvium derived from semiconsolidated,

clayey shale

Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated, clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Kobarter and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

82C—Rothiemay very gravelly loam, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rothiemay and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, fine-loamy Tertiary valley

fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.9 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

83C—Shoddy silty clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges
294 Soil Survey of

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Additional Components

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

83D—Shoddy silty clay loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Additional Components

Kobarter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

84A—Clunton-Faith-Dougcliff complex, 1

to 4 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands, foothills,

mountains

Elevation: 3,940 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Faith and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.1 inches

Dougcliff and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, swales on terraces

Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 295

Surface layer texture: Mucky peat

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic, herbaceous material over

fine-silty alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 20.7 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cometcrik and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Eagleton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

85D—Walbert coarse sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Walbert and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse-grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Udecide and similar soils: 4 percent

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent

Shoddy and similar soils: 3 percent

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

87C—Kobarter clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kobarter and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Kobarter, cobbly, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Abor and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

87D—Kobarter clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kobarter and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 8 to 15 percent
296 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Ethridge and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Abor and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

88C—Lahood loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,250 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Lahood and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Additional Components

Whitlash and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Floweree and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

88D—Lahood loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,250 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Lahood and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Additional Components

Whitlash and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 297

Brickner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

92D—Clunton, Cometcrik, and Perma,

stony, soils, 0 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, foothills, mountains,

uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,940 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Cometcrik and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Clunton, cool, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Dougcliff and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Eagleton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

99D—Libeg gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till
298 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Libeg silty clay loam and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Nieman and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

99E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

113C—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Amesha, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 299

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

113D—Amesha-Amesha, stony, complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Amesha, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Crago and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 7 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

114D—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone
300 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

114E—Amesha-Crago-Shoddy complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over

residuum derived from semiconsolidated shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 301

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

115A—Amesha gravelly loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

115C—Amesha gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

115D—Amesha gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit
302 Soil Survey of

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

115E—Amesha gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

116A—Amesha loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

116C—Amesha loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 303

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

1 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

116D—Amesha loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

117E—Amesha-Cabbart-Bronec cobbly

loams, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted
304 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec, very gravelly, and similar soils: 4 percent of

the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

118C—Amesha cobbly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

121E—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 305

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham, very cobbly, and similar soils: 1 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

121F—Maiden-Lap-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham soils that have slopes of less than 35

percent: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

122D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone
306 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

122E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 307

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Windham, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

122F—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 6 percent of the unit

Windham, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Maiden, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

123E—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
308 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lap, moist, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

123F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap, cool, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Windham, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of

the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 309

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

125D—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Maiden soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Windham soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

125E—Maiden-Lap-Windham complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone
310 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Maiden soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

7 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

126F—Maiden, very stony-Rock outcropLap, very stony, complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 311

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Maiden soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

132A—Anamac silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, saline

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Anamac and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium or

Tertiary valley fill

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Additional Components

Trudau and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

151D—Delpoint-Abor complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Delpoint and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over loamy residuum derived

from semiconsolidated sandstone-siltstone

Fine-loamy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone-siltstone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over loamy residuum

derived from semiconsolidated sandstonesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Abor and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches
312 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Shoddy and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

171D—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham, warm, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Opitz and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, plateaus,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Additional Components

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Branham loam and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

171E—Branham-Opitz-Tuggle complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham, warm, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 313

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Opitz and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, plateaus,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Additional Components

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Branham loam and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

172D—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit
314 Soil Survey of

Tuggle and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

172E—Branham-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Tuggle and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

173F—Branham, stony-Tuggle, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 40 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 315

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Clugulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

182D—Brocko-Amesha complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Brocko soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

183E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Rencot

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
316 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

184E—Brocko-Rock outcrop-Bronec, very

stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

191C—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 317

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

191D—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
318 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

191E—Cabbart-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Cabbart, very stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Abor and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

192C—Cabbart clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 319

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Additional Components

Abor and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

193E—Cabbart-Haxby loams, 8 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Haxby and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from basalt

Coarse-loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from fine grained sandstone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over gravelly

residuum derived from basalt

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over gravelly

residuum derived from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

194E—Cabbart-Bronec, stony-Rencot,

very stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
320 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cabbart, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

195E—Cabbart, very stony-Bronec, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 25 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 321

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of exposures of

weakly consolidated sedimentary beds. These

beds are primarily soft siltstone and sandstone. In

places, harder layers of coarse grained sandstone

cap the softer beds and form ledges. Cobble- and

stone-sized fragments of sandstone accumulate at

the base of escarpments and on fans at the base

of hills.

Additional Components

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

195F—Cabbart, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of exposures of

weakly consolidated sedimentary beds. These

beds are primarily soft siltstone and sandstone. In

places, harder layers of coarse grained sandstone

cap the softer beds and form ledges. Cobble- and

stone-sized fragments of sandstone accumulate at

the base of escarpments and on fans at the base

of hills.

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
322 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

201E—Windham-Rock outcrop-Lap, very

stony, complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Warneke and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

201F—Windham, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Lap, very stony, complex, 35

to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 323

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Warneke and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

202D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Watne and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

202E—Windham-Judell complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
324 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Lap and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

203D—Windham gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Windham soils that are not stony: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

203E—Windham gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Windham soils that are not stony: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

204D—Windham-Maiden-Lap complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 325

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

204E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very

stony-Lap, very stony, complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches
326 Soil Survey of

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 6 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

204F—Windham, very stony-Maiden, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Lap and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

205E—Windham very cobbly loam, 4 to 35

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 327

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

205F—Windham very cobbly loam, 35 to

60 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Additional Components

Lap and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

206F—Windham-Windham, stony,

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Windham, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam
328 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Whitecow and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

207E—Windham, stony-Lap, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

207F—Windham, stony-Lap, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 329

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Warneke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

208D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8

to 25 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.4 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Windham soils that are not stony: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

211A—Clunton silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, foothills, mountains, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,500 feet
330 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.9 inches

Additional Components

Clunton loam and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cometcrik and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Dougcliff and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

221A—Zatony clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, wet

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Zatony and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey alluvium

derived from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Trudau and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Moltoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

231A—Ledger-Moltoner-Mckenton

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Ledger and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey alluvium

derived from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Moltoner and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy, stratified

recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 331

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches

Mckenton and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey recent

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Wetsand and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

232A—Clunton-Wetsand-Bonebasin

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.9 inches

Wetsand and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Bonebasin and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over fine-loamy

alluvium and sandy and gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

233A—Ledger-Wetsand, saline, complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
332 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Ledger and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey alluvium

derived from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.5 inches

Wetsand and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Moltoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

241E—Whitlash, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Perma, stony, complex, 2 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Brickner and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 333

Sawicki and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

241F—Whitlash, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Perma, very stony, complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kadygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

245E—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropAbsarook, stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
334 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Absarook and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Residuum derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Residuum derived from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Blaincreek and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Work and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

251B—Cozberg sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cozberg and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy alluvium over sandy

and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

251D—Cozberg sandy loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cozberg and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy alluvium over sandy

and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 335

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

261D—Crago-Brocko complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

261E—Crago-Brocko complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit
336 Soil Survey of

Musselshell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

263D—Crago-Rock outcrop-Pensore

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas

of exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Roto and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Crago soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

7 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

263F—Crago, stony-Rock outcropPensore, stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 337

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Crago soils that are not stony: 5 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

264C—Crago-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha, cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

264D—Crago-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent
338 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Amesha, gravelly, and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

264E—Crago-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

264F—Crago-Amesha complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 339

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Crago, very stony, and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Amesha, cobbly, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

265B—Crago gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

265D—Crago gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam
340 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Crago, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

265E—Crago very cobbly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

266D—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 341

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

266E—Crago, stony-Crago complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

267F—Crago, very stony-Pensore, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
342 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

268C—Crago-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

269D—Crago, very stony, and Crago,

rubbly, soils, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 343

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Crago, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Crago, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Sieben and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

271C—Bronec-Amesha complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit
344 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

271D—Bronec-Amesha complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

271E—Bronec-Amesha complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 345

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

271F—Bronec-Amesha-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of outcroppings

and exposures of Tertiary fill material on ridges

and escarpments. Tertiary fill material consists of

unconsolidated, stratified sediments.

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

272E—Bronec-Geohrock-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam
346 Soil Survey of

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of outcroppings

and exposures of Tertiary fill material on ridges

and escarpments. Tertiary fill material consists of

unconsolidated, stratified sediments.

Additional Components

Bronec soils that have slopes of more than 45 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

273D—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over

residuum derived from semiconsolidated

shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 347

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

273E—Bronec-Shoddy-Amesha complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Brocko and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

274A—Bronec complex, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors
348 Soil Survey of

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

274C—Bronec complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 7 percent of the

unit

Amesha and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 349

274D—Bronec complex, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Rencot and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

274E—Bronec-Bronec, very stony,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches
350 Soil Survey of

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

275A—Bronec gravelly loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Bronec, very cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

275D—Bronec very gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 351

Bronec soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

275E—Bronec very gravelly loam, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Bronec soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

276C—Bronec gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, saline

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, cobbly, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

277C—Bronec-Amesha cobbly loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit
352 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

278E—Bronec-Rencot-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 353

291C—Sieben complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben gravelly sandy loam and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Sieben sandy loam and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Chinook and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

292C—Sieben-Varney cobbly loams, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sieben, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

293D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet
354 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

294C—Sieben, stony-Sieberell, very

stony, complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Sieberell and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over sandy and gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Beaverell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben, bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

295D—Sieben cobbly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 355

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

296D—Sieberell-Sieben-Beaverell

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieberell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over sandy and gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Beaverell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

297D—Sieben, very stony-Sieben, rubbly,

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium
356 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Sieben, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

297F—Sieben, rubbly-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sieben, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

311D—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash,

very stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,200 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Beenom and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from hard,

coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 357

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Absarook and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Zbart and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

311F—Beenom, stony-Wimper-Whitlash,

very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,200 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Beenom and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from hard,

coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent
358 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Very channery coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Absarook and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Zbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

321A—Fairway-Meadowcreek complex, 0

to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.6 inches

Meadowcreek and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Additional Components

Faith and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

322A—Fairway loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.6 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 359

Cardwell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

323A—Fairway-Mckenton silt loams, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.6 inches

Mckenton and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey recent

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

324A—Fairway clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.2 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

325A—Fairway-Nestley clay loams, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
360 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.2 inches

Nestley and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium derived from fine grained

igneous, sandstone, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

326A—Fairway-Moltoner complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.2 inches

Moltoner and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy, stratified

recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches

Additional Components

Faith and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

327A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 361

Component Description

Faith and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.1 inches

Additional Components

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

328A—Faith loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

cool

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands, foothills

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Faith and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.1 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

329C—Faith-Slickens complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, impacted

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands, foothills

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Faith and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Slickens

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: Slickens are accumulations of fine textured

material, such as material seperated in placermine and ore-mill operations. Slickens from ore

mills commonly consist of freshly ground rock that

has undergone chemical treatment during the

milling process.

Additional Components

Breeton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
362 Soil Survey of

331C—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec, very stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

331D—Geohrock-Bronec gravelly loams,

8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 363

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

332D—Geohrock-Sappington complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rencot and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

334D—Geohrock, stony-Bronec, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium
364 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

341A—Pieriver-Cardwell-Riverrun loams,

0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Pieriver and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy recent alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Additional Components

Nestley and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bonebasin and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

342A—Handke fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Handke and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Sandy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 365

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Additional Components

Cardwell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

361D—Udecide-Varney-Walbert complex,

4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Udecide and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, knolls

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone-siltstone

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium over

residuum derived from semiconsolidated

sandstone-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Walbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

362C—Udecide-Varney sandy clay loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Udecide and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent
366 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone-siltstone

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium over

residuum derived from semiconsolidated

sandstone-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Udecide soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

371A—Havre-Ryell-Handke complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Havre and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Ryell and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Handke and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Sandy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Additional Components

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 367

372A—Havre loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Havre and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Handke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

381C—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kalsted and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

382D—Kalsted gravelly sandy loam, 4 to

15 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kalsted, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kalsted soils that are not stony: 3 percent of the unit
368 Soil Survey of

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

391C—Musselshell-Crago gravelly loams,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Musselshell and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from limestone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Pensore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

394B—Musselshell-Crago cobbly loams,

1 to 4 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Musselshell and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from limestone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.4 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 369

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

401A—Moltoner silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Moltoner and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy, stratified

recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches

Additional Components

Ledger and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

411A—Nestley loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Nestley and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium derived from fine grained

igneous, sandstone, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Cardwell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

413A—Nestley-Riverrun-Pieriver complex,

0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Nestley and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit
370 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium derived from fine grained

igneous, sandstone, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Pieriver and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy recent alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Additional Components

Mckenton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Moltoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

421E—Perma, stony-Whitlash, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 371

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Devilfence and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Whitlash, gravelly, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

421F—Perma-Whitlash complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Whitlash, gravelly, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

422F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, moist

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics
372 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Connieo and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

423C—Wimper loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Additional Components

Clasoil and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

423D—Wimper loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 373

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Additional Components

Clasoil and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

423E—Wimper loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

424D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Wimper, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Whitlash and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
374 Soil Survey of

Maiden and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

424E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Wimper, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Whitlash and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

425E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 375

Wimper soils that are not stony: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

426F—Wimper-Whitlash association, 35

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Perma and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

427E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)
376 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Whitlash, very stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Perma, very bouldery, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

429E—Perma, very stony-Perma, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Perma, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Castner and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hilger, rubbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

441F—Warneke-Warneke, very stonyRock outcrop association, 8 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 377

Slope: 8 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Warneke, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas

of exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Additional Components

Maiden, warm, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Lap and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

451A—Geohrock cobbly clay loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

461D—Absarook-Beenom complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Absarook and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges
378 Soil Survey of

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Residuum derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Residuum derived from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Beenom and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from hard,

coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Additional Components

Absarook, stony, and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

471A—Cardwell-Pieriver complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Pieriver and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy recent alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Additional Components

Riverrun and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Absay and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

481A—Riverrun gravelly sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 379

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Ryell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

482A—Riverrun-Cardwell complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Pieriver and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

483A—Riverrun, Handke, and Ryell soils,

0 to 2 percent slopes, channeled

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Handke and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
380 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Sandy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Ryell and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Additional Components

Clunton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Riverwash: 2 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

492D—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Roto and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Roto soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

492E—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 381

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Roto and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Roto, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

492F—Roto-Pensore-Crago complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Roto and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone
382 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Roto soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Crago soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent: 4

percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

493D—Pensore-Rock outcrop-Roto

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 2 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Roto and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Additional Components

Crago and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

511C—Haxby-Amesha-Rencot complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Haxby and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 383

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from basalt

Coarse-loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from fine grained sandstone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over gravelly

residuum derived from basalt

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over gravelly

residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.5 inches

Additional Components

Haxby soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rencot soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

521A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare
384 Soil Survey of

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Havre and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

522A—Ryell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Ryell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly fine sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Havre and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Pieriver and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cardwell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

523A—Cardwell-Riverrun-Pieriver

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 385

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Pieriver and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy recent alluvium derived

from mixed rock sources

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Additional Components

Wetsand and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Moltoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Nestley and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

524A—Cardwell loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Additional Components

Pieriver and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

525A—Cardwell-Riverrun complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, saline

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,400 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches
386 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Trudau and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ledger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Handke and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

531C—Sappington very cobbly clay loam,

2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

532C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Additional Components

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha, cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Floweree and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

533A—Sappington clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 387

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 2

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

533C—Sappington clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

533D—Sappington clay loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Raghorn and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

534C—Sappington-Geohrock complex, 2

to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet
388 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

534D—Sappington-Geohrock complex, 8

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Sappington soils that have slopes of less than 8

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

536A—Sappington-Amesha complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 389

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Rothiemay and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

537B—Sappington loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 4

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

537D—Sappington loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium
390 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

538C—Sappington gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

539B—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes, cobbly

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Sappington, very cobbly, and similar soils: 4 percent of

the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 391

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

539C—Sappington-Amesha complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.3 inches

Additional Components

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

541D—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
392 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Beenom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

541E—Whitlash, very stony-Brickner,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Beenom and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

551E—Brickner, stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 393

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Wickes and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

552F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tolbert, very bouldery,

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land
394 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Mocmont and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

553F—Brickner, very stony-Wickes, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

554F—Brickner, very stony-Rock outcropMocmont, stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 395

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Mocmont and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Roegulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

562C—Trudau-Bronec, saline, complex, 2

to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Trudau and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

knolls, stream terraces, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy alluvium

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Bronec, saline, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Bronec soils that are not saline: 6 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

564C—Trudau-Benz clay loams, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, uplands
396 Soil Survey of

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Trudau and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

knolls, stream terraces, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy alluvium

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Benz and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, fine-loamy alluvium

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Kobarter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Abor and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Absay and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

581E—Whitecow, stony-Warneke, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.1 inches

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 397

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

581F—Whitecow, very stony-Warneke,

very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Lap and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

582E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
398 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Warneke and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Whitecow soils that are not bouldery: 5 percent of the

unit

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

583E—Whitecow-Warneke complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Whitecow, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

584F—Whitecow-Whitecow, stonyWarneke complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Whitecow, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 399

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Additional Components

Whitecow, gravelly, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Windham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

585E—Whitecow, bouldery-Shawmut,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas

of exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Warneke and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Whitecow, very gravelly, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
400 Soil Survey of

591F—Windham-Rock outcrop-Warneke

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Additional Components

Whitecow and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

631D—Rencot-Rock outcrop-Rencot,

stony, complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Rencot, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 401

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lahood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

631E—Rencot-Rencot, very stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rencot, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lahood and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

631F—Rencot-Bronec-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches
402 Soil Survey of

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Bronec soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

632C—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Lahood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 403

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

632D—Rencot-Lahood-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Lahood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lahood, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rencot, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

632E—Rencot, very stony-Lahood, stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
404 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Lahood and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Additional Components

Rencot soils that have slopes of more than 45 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

633D—Rencot, very stony-Bronec, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 405

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Lahood and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Haxby and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

634E—Rencot, very stony-Rock outcropBronec, very stony, complex, 25 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

641C—Varney gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted
406 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.7 inches

Additional Components

Udecide and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney sandy clay loam and similar soils: 3 percent of

the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

642C—Varney clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Additional Components

Raghorn and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

642D—Varney clay loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Additional Components

Anamac and similar soils: 5 percent

Udecide and similar soils: 4 percent

Abor and similar soils: 3 percent

Ethridge and similar soils: 3 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

643A—Varney cobbly loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 407

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Varney, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

643C—Varney cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Raghorn and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

644C—Varney complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, gullied

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney clay loam and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Varney loam and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
408 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.2 inches

Varney, gravelly, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Sieben and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Raghorn and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

645B—Varney-Sieben complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Udecide and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

645D—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 409

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sieben soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Udecide and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

645E—Varney, stony-Sieben, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Sieben and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Sieben soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Lahood and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
410 Soil Survey of

646C—Varney loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,

stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Varney and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained and coarse grained igneous rocks

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

651C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.3 inches

Additional Components

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Judell, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

652C—Judell cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Additional Components

Judell soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent: 4

percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 411

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

655C—Judell gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.3 inches

Additional Components

Judell soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

662B—Judell gravelly loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.4 inches

Additional Components

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Judell loam and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

691A—Meadowcreek, Clunton, and

Cardwell soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

channeled

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Meadowcreek and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent
412 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Cardwell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-silty alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Mckenton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Bonebasin and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Moltoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

692A—Meadowcreek-Nestley-Riverrun

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Meadowcreek and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Nestley and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium derived from fine grained

igneous, sandstone, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Riverrun and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly recent alluvium

derived from mixed igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Mckenton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 413

713E—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Raghorn and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy

alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.1 inches

Ethridge and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey alluvium derived from semiconsolidated,

clayey shale

Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated, clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Kalsted and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ethridge soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

713F—Raghorn-Ethridge-Kalsted

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Raghorn and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy

alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.1 inches

Ethridge and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, terraces

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey alluvium derived from semiconsolidated,

clayey shale

Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated, clayey shale
414 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Kalsted and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges, terraces

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy alluvium

Calcareous, coarse-loamy colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

721E—Zbart-Bondoe-Brocko complex, 4

to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys, foothills

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Zbart and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly residuum derived from hard, fractured

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Bondoe and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium derived from calcareous shale

Gravelly colluvium derived from clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Brocko and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-silty, calcareous alluvium

Coarse-silty, calcareous loess

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 11.8 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Beenom and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Benz and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

731C—Martinsdale, stony-MartinsdaleHilger complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 415

Component Description

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Hilger and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Absarook and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

732D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, valleys

Elevation: 4,200 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
416 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Martinsdale, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Windham and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Crago and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

734D—Martinsdale loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale soils that do not have stones on the

surface: 4 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Work and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

735C—Martinsdale-Absarook-Whitlash

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Absarook and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 417

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Residuum derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Residuum derived from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Additional Components

Tolbert and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

736C—Martinsdale-Work complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Work and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Calcareous, gravelly outwash till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Wilspring and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Work, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Watne and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

742E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
418 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut, bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

744E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut,

stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Shawmut, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 419

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 6 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

745D—Shawmut-Wickes-Gnojek complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Gnojek and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes, cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

745E—Shawmut, bouldery-Shawmut, very

bouldery-Tolbert, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides
420 Soil Survey of

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Shawmut, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

746E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 421

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

747E—Shawmut, stony-Tolbert, very

stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Wimper and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

748E—Shawmut, stony-Wickes, very

stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt
422 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Additional Components

Gnojek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

751C—Sixbeacon gravelly sandy loam, 2

to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sixbeacon and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kalsted and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

752B—Sixbeacon-Vendome complex, 1 to

4 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sixbeacon and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Vendome and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, plains,

terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium

over sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from

mixed igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Cozberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

753C—Sixbeacon-Cozberg complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 423

Component Description

Sixbeacon and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Cozberg and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy alluvium over sandy

and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Anamac and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

754D—Sixbeacon-Cozberg, stony,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Sixbeacon and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Cozberg and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Coarse-loamy alluvium over sandy

and gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Vendome and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sieberell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

755A—Vendome very cobbly loam, 0 to 4

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valley

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Vendome and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit
424 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, plains,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

773F—Rock outcrop-Pensore association,

15 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Crago and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Roto and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Pensore, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

774F—Rock outcrop-Whitlash, bouldery,

association, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

areas of exposed hard sedimentary,

metamorphic, and fine grained volcanic bedrock.

Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders litter the

areas and accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 425

Additional Components

Perma and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

775F—Rock outcrop-Lap-Lap, very stony,

association, 15 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas

of exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Lap, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Castner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

776D—Rock outcrop-Devilfence

association, 2 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
426 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Wilspring and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Quincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Deville and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilde and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

777E—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Bobowic and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

777F—Rock outcrop-Clugulch-Bobowic

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 40 to 70 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 427

Bobowic and similar soils

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

778E—Rock outcrop-Kounter, very

bouldery-Jeffcity, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Kounter and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Additional Components

Cedric and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

781A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Vendome and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit
428 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, plains,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Vendome and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

782A—Vendome sandy loam, 0 to 8

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Vendome, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, plains,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly alluvium over

sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Vendome soils that are not stony: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

791C—Chinook sandy clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, saline

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Chinook, saline, and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium

Coarse-loamy eolian deposits

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Chinook soils that are not saline: 2 percent of the unit

Trudau and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

811C—Ethridge, saline-Zatony clay

loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Ethridge, saline, and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 429

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey alluvium derived from semiconsolidated,

clayey shale

Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated, clayey shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.2 inches

Zatony and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Saline and sodic, clayey alluvium

derived from shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Salinity: Saline within a depth of 30 inches

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Trudau and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ethridge soils that are not saline: 3 percent of the unit

Kobarter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

821C—Rothiemay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rothiemay and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, knolls, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, fine-loamy Tertiary valley

fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

831E—Shoddy-Cabbart-Kobarter

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam
430 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Kobarter and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Walbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

832E—Shoddy-Rock outcrop-Delpoint

complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of exposures of

weakly consolidated sedimentary beds. These

beds are primarily soft siltstone and sandstone. In

places, harder layers of coarse grained sandstone

cap the softer beds and form ledges. Cobble- and

stone-sized fragments of sandstone accumulate at

the base of escarpments and on fans at the base

of hills.

Delpoint and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over loamy residuum

derived from semiconsolidated sandstonesiltstone

Fine-loamy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated sandstone-siltstone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over loamy residuum

derived from semiconsolidated sandstonesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Abor and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 431

841A—Clunton loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, foothills, mountains, valleys

Elevation: 4,200 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clunton and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Additional Components

Cometcrik and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Dougcliff and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Riverrun and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

851D—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex,

2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Walbert and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Additional Components

Udecide and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
432 Soil Survey of

851F—Walbert-Shoddy-Cabbart complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Walbert and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Shoddy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over

residuum derived from semiconsolidated shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Cabbart and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, knolls

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from semiconsolidated

siltstone

Loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived from

calcareous siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

852C—Walbert sandy clay loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Walbert and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy residuum derived from

semiconsolidated, coarse grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Udecide and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cabbart and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 433

858E—Yetull-Yetull, stony, complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Yetull and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy eolian deposits

Sandy slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Yetull, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loamy fine sand

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy eolian deposits

Sandy slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Chinook and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sixbeacon and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

859C—Yetull loamy fine sand, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 4,200 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Yetull and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hills

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy eolian deposits

Sandy slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Yetull, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cozberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

872E—Kobarter-Abor, stony, complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Kobarter and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
434 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Clayey slope alluvium derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Abor and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, knolls, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly clay

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey slope alluvium over residuum

derived from semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Calcareous, clayey residuum derived from

semiconsolidated shale-siltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Bronec and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ethridge and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brocko and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shoddy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Varney and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

911C—Absarook-Martinsdale, stony,

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Absarook and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Residuum derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Residuum derived from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Absarook loam and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

915C—Quincreek channery loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 435

Component Description

Quincreek and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Additional Components

Quaint and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

941E—Tigeron, bouldery-Tigeron, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Tigeron, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Tigeron, very stony, and similar soils: 7 percent of the

unit

Redfern and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

942E—Tigeron extremely gravelly loam,

15 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely gravelly loam
436 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Tigeron, very stony, and similar soils: 7 percent of the

unit

Warwood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

943F—Tigeron, stony-Tigeron, very stony,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Tigeron, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Tigeron, extremely gravelly, and similar soils: 3 percent

of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

944E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 437

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.1 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Tigeron, very stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Warwood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

945E—Tigeron, very bouldery-Redfern,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.1 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Tigeron soils that have slopes of more than 45

percent: 7 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
438 Soil Survey of

946F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

947F—Tigeron, very stony-Redfern,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 439

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

952F—Redfern, bouldery-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.1 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

953F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropRubble land association, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)
440 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

954F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, complex, 35 to

70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Tigeron soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

8 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

963E—Elve-Warwood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,000 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 441

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Warwood and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.7 inches

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

964E—Elve, very stony-Elve, rubblyCowood, rubbly, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Elve, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch
442 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

964F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, cool

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

965E—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubbly,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 443

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

965F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

966E—Elve, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
444 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

967F—Elve, very stony-Cowood, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

968E—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 445

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

968F—Elve, stony-Worock complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

969F—Elve, bouldery-Worock-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet
446 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

971F—Cowood, rubbly-Rock outcrop

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sigbird and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 447

972F—Cowood, very bouldery-Kimpton,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Kimpton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tiban and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

973D—Cowood, very stony-Elve, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent covered by stones; 15 to 50 percent

covered by boulders

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch
448 Soil Survey of

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

982F—Kimpton, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tiban, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Kimpton and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from fine

grained sandstone

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Cheadle and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 449

991E—Libeg loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Additional Components

Monaberg and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

992E—Libeg, very bouldery-Libeg,

bouldery-Nieman, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Libeg, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch
450 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

993D—Ratiopeak-Tiban gravelly loams, 4

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Ratiopeak and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Cheadle and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Kimpton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

994E—Libeg, stony-Nieman, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 451

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils: 10 percent of

the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

996D—Libeg-Monaberg gravelly loams, 2

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Monaberg and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained igneous and metamorphic rocks

Fine-loamy alpine till derived from fine grained

igneous and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.6 inches

Additional Components

Sebud and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

997E—Libeg, stony-Monaberg-Adel

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None
452 Soil Survey of

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Monaberg and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained igneous and metamorphic rocks

Fine-loamy alpine till derived from fine grained

igneous and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.8 inches

Adel and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Fans, mountainsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium

Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Additional Components

Adel soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

998E—Libeg-Nieman, stony, complex, 8 to

25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 453

999E—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, very

bouldery, complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Nieman and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

999F—Libeg, very stony-Libeg, rubbly,

association, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Libeg, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till
454 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.5 inches

Additional Components

Nieman and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1003E—Tiban, bouldery-Cheadle, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Cheadle and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kimpton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1004E—Tiban, rubbly-Tiban, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tiban, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Tiban, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 455

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Nieman and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cheadle and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1101E—Monaberg, stony-Libeg, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Monaberg and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained igneous and metamorphic rocks

Fine-loamy alpine till derived from fine grained

igneous and metamorphic rocks

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.8 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (bouldery)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Additional Components

Branham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1102B—Adel-Libeg, stony, complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Adel and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit
456 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Fans, mountainsides

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium

Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Tibkey and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tineman and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1103D—Adel-Libeg complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Adel and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Fans, mountainsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium

Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Monaberg and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Tiban and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cheadle and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1104C—Adel loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 457

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Adel loam and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Fans, mountainsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium

Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.5 inches

Additional Components

Adel soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent: 10

percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1120E—Quaint channery loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over residuum derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Additional Components

Redfist and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Quincreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1121E—Quaint-Rock outcrop-Redfist

complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over residuum derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Redfist and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam
458 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ferball and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1121F—Quaint-Rock outcrop complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over residuum derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Redfist and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Quincreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1122D—Quaint-Redfist channery loams, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope

alluvium over residuum derived from hard, red

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Redfist and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 459

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ferball and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Quaint, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1131C—Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 2

to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Redfist and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over residuum derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1131D—Redfist-Quaint channery loams, 8

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Redfist and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
460 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Quaint and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, plateaus, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope

alluvium over residuum derived from hard, red

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1132D—Redfist, bouldery-Perma,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Redfist and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls

Slope: 2 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Whitlash and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Perma, very bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1141D—Devilfence very channery loam, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Special feature: Delineations of this map unit in the

Black Butte quad area generally do not have lime.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 461

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Quincreek and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1142E—Devilfence-Rock outcropWilspring complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Wilspring and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Vigilante and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Quincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1142F—Devilfence-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Special feature: Delineations of this map unit in the

Black Butte quad area generally do not have

lime.

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
462 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1143F—Deville-Wilde-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Deville and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Wilde and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

claystone

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

shale

Gravelly residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from shale

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Vigilante and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Devilfence and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1146E—Deville-Rock outcrop-Wilde

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 463

Component Description

Deville and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Wilde and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

claystone

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

shale

Gravelly residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Vigilante and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1152D—Wilspring-Devilfence complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Special feature: Delineations of this map unit in the

Black Butte quad area generally do not have lime.

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wilspring and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit
464 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1152E—Wilspring-Devilfence-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wilspring and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from

shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard, fractured shale bedrock.

Flagstones litter the areas and accumulate at the

base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Quincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1153C—Wilspring-Quincreek-Devilfence

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wilspring and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from

shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from claystone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Quincreek and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 465

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly residuum derived from hard,

red shale

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from hard, red shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.9 inches

Devilfence and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1154E—Wilde-Deville-Vigilante complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wilde and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

claystone

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

shale

Gravelly residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Deville and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Vigilante and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from shale over

residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from claystone

over residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from shale over

residuum derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit of the unit
466 Soil Survey of

Wilde soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1154F—Wilde, stony-Vigilante-Deville,

very stony, complex, 35 to 70 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Wilde and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

claystone

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

shale

Gravelly residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Vigilante and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, interfluves, ridges

Slope: 35 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from shale over

residuum derived from shale

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from claystone

over residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from shale over

residuum derived from shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Deville and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from shalesiltstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Wilde soils that are not stony: 6 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1161E—Yreka, bouldery-Hoyt, boulderyShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 467

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Hoyt and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Skyview and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1162E—Yreka very cobbly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Skyview and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1163F—Ymark, very bouldery-Elmark,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days
468 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Ymark and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

granite and fine grained igneous rock over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1164F—Yreka-Brickner, stony, complex,

35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.9 inches

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loamy coarse sand

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Sawbuck and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Skyview and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 469

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1170E—Whitlash-Whitlash, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Whitlash, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kadygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1171F—Castner, bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, valleys

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Castner and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic
470 Soil Survey of

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Wickes and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Yetull and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1172F—Castner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, valleys

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Castner and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Tolbert and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Yetull and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1180E—Farnuf loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Additional Components

Quaint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 471

1182C—Breeton gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, river valleys, valleys,

uplands

Elevation: 3,940 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.9 inches

Additional Components

Breeton soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1191E—Silverchief very cobbly clay loam,

8 to 35 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Silverchief and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Clayey slope alluvium derived from

mixed igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Sawbuck and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1210C—Ferball clay loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 17 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Ferball and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from red

shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 10.7 inches

Additional Components

Varney and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfist and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
472 Soil Survey of

1222C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Additional Components

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1222E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 473

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Additional Components

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1223D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut, cobbly, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1242D—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, moist

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
474 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1242E—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, moist

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 475

Additional Components

Catgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1243D—Baxton-Connieo coarse sandy

loams, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Baxton soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1244D—Baxton-Connieo, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam
476 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1244E—Baxton-Connieo-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1245E—Baxton-Breeton-Connieo

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 477

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Baxton soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Breeton soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1246E—Baxton, stony-Breeton, boulderyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit
478 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Baxton soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Breeton soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1247E—Baxton-Kellygulch-Connieo

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Baxton soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Skyview and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 479

1250C—Work cobbly clay loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Work and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

rocks

Calcareous, gravelly outwash till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Quaint and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wilspring and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1250E—Work very cobbly clay loam, 8 to

25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Work and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, clayey alluvium derived from

mixed igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

rocks

Calcareous, gravelly outwash till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1271D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo

complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches
480 Soil Survey of

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Jeffcity and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cedric and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1272D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cedric and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 481

1273E—Placerton-Farnuf-Breeton

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Cedric and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1275D—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo

gravelly sandy clay loams, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit
482 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Placerton soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1275E—Placerton-Farnuf-Connieo

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Farnuf soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent: 6

percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 483

1276D—Placerton-Connieo-Jeffcity

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Placerton soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1277C—Placerton-Jeffcity complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit
484 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Cedric and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1280D—Crackerville-Catgulch complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1281D—Crackerville-Catgulch, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 485

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1282D—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 8 to 20 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 8 to 20 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from granite
486 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clasoil and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1283E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 20 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 20 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 20 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 20 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clasoil and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1286E—Crackerville-Bielenberg-Catgulch,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 487

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Bielenberg soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 7 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1287E—Clancy, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Bielenberg, very stony,

complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Crampton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
488 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1321B—Beaverell, very stony-BeaverellSieberell, stony, complex, 1 to 4

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Beaverell, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Beaverell and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Sieberell and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over sandy and gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Attewan and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 489

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1321D—Beaverell, very stony-Sieberell,

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Beaverell and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Sieberell and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over sandy and gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Attewan and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1322D—Beaverell, stony-Beaverell,

rubbly-Sieberell, stony, complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Beaverell, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely cobbly sandy clay

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Beaverell, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, plains

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Sieberell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent
490 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium

over sandy and gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Attewan and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sappington and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1331A—Bonebasin-Wetsand complex, 0

to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 16 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bonebasin and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over fine-loamy

alluvium and sandy and gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Wetsand and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from mixed

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Additional Components

Riverrun and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Mckenton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Meadowcreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1341D—Windham very gravelly loam, 2 to

15 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham, very cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of

the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 491

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1342E—Windham-Lap very cobbly loams,

15 to 45 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Lap, very gravelly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1343D—Windham-Judell very cobbly

loams, 4 to 15 percent slopes,

bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone
492 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.3 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lap and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1351D—Perma stony loam, 2 to 15

percent slopes, very bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains, river

valleys

Elevation: 4,200 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Additional Components

Catgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Whitlash and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Clunton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cometcrik and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1352E—Perma-Whitlash complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, bouldery, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 493

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Perma soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1353F—Perma, very stony-Whitlash, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Whitlash and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary, metamorphic, and fine

grained volcanic bedrock. Angular cobbles,

stones, and boulders litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Perma, cool, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Perma, moist, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Vigilante and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1355D—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

4 to 15 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
494 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Wimper, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Wimper soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1355E—Wimper-Wimper, stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Wimper, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Wimper soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 7 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 495

1356E—Wimper gravelly loam, 8 to 35

percent slopes, stony, moist

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Wimper and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from fine

grained sandstone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

fine grained sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1357F—Perma, very bouldery-Shaboom,

extremely bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Perma and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
496 Soil Survey of

1361E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Elmark, bouldery, complex, 8

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Additional Components

Shaboom and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1362F—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 497

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1372D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1373E—Burtoner-Elmark-Connieo

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes, very

bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches
498 Soil Survey of

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1374D—Burtoner-Clancy-Connieo

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 499

Clancy soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Connieo soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1375D—Burtoner-Connieo, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Burtoner soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 3 percent of the unit of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crampton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1375E—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
500 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 7 percent

Crampton and similar soils: 5 percent

Bielenberg and similar soils: 3 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1376F—Burtoner, very stony-Connieo,

very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1377E—Burtoner, very stony-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 501

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Crampton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1378E—Burtoner-Elmark-Shaboom, very

bouldery, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges
502 Soil Survey of

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1381D—Jeffcity, stony-Connieo, stonyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cedric and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Connieo, bouldery, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Connieo soils that are not stony: 4 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 503

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1391B—Bronec fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Bronec and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, valley floors

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous slope alluvium

Sandy and gravelly, calcareous Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Sandy and gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.9 inches

Additional Components

Beaverell and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sieberell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bronec, stony, and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1451F—Blaincreek, very stony-Sawicki,

very stony-Tolbert, very bouldery,

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)
504 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Sawbuck and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1460C—Clasoil loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clasoil and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Farnuf and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1461D—Bielenberg-Burtoner, very stonyCatgulch, bouldery, complex, 8 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 505

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1540F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyRock outcrop-Elmark, very bouldery,

association, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1541E—Shaboom, bouldery-Lumpgulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit
506 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1542E—Shaboom, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Kellygulch, very bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 507

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1543E—Shaboom, very boulderyKellygulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1543F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyKellygulch, extremely bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
508 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1544E—Shaboom, bouldery-Kellygulch,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 509

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1563D—Hilger, rubbly-Hilger complex, 8

to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, valleys

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Hilger, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Hilger and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1564E—Hilger, very stony-Hilger, rubblyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Hilger, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches
510 Soil Survey of

Hilger, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1591E—Catgulch, bouldery-CrackervilleRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 511

Connieo and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1595E—Connieo, bouldery-CrackervilleRock outcrop complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1596C—Connieo-Rock outcrop-Placerton

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges
512 Soil Survey of

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Jeffcity and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1602C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay

loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Kounter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1603C—Farnuf sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains, river

valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,940 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Additional Components

Faith and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 513

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1604D—Farnuf-Farnuf, stony-Burtoner

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstoneshale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Farnuf, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstoneshale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Placerton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1605C—Farnuf-Placerton sandy clay

loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent
514 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Jeffcity and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1606D—Farnuf loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstoneshale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Additional Components

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1607D—Farnuf-Placerton-Martinsdale

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Farnuf and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy alluvium derived from sandstone-shale

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.7 inches

Placerton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 515

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1621D—Connieo, stony-Baxton, stonyRock outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Connieo soils that are not stony: 2 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1621E—Connieo, very stony-Baxton,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam
516 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1622D—Connieo, moist-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1623D—Connieo-Burtoner complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 517

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1623E—Connieo-Baxton-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1624F—Connieo, very stony-Baxton,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
518 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1625F—Connieo, extremely boulderyRock outcrop-Burtoner, extremely

stony, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 519

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1626D—Connieo, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1627E—Connieo, very bouldery-BurtonerRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes, moist

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)
520 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Placerton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1628D—Connieo, bouldery-Ashbray, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Ashbray and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In places, a

thin layer of decomposing granite (grus) covers

the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1629C—Connieo-Catgulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 521

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crackerville and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1640D—Nieman, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Libeg, stony, complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium
522 Soil Survey of

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1641E—Nieman, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Libeg, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1641F—Nieman, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Libeg, very stony, complex, 45

to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 45 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 523

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 45 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Redfern and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1642F—Nieman, bouldery-Rock outcropLibeg, very bouldery, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
524 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1643E—Nieman, stony-Libeg complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1643F—Nieman, stony-Libeg-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Nieman and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 525

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Libeg, very bouldery, and similar soils: 2 percent of the

unit

Sebud and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1651C—Sawbuck-Sawbuck, very stonyClasoil complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawbuck and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Sawbuck, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Clasoil and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Clasoil, very bouldery, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1652E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent
526 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Clasoil and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Additional Components

Blaincreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1654E—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek-Tolbert,

very stony, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Blaincreek, very stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of

the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 527

Clasoil and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1655E—Sawicki-Clasoil complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, bouldery, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Clasoil and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Additional Components

Tolbert and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Clasoil soils that have slopes of less than 8 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1656E—Sawicki-Bielenberg, very stonyTolbert, very stony, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite
528 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Bielenberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1657E—Sawicki, very bouldery-Crampton,

bouldery-Catgulch, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Crampton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Sawicki soils that do not have boulders on the surface:

5 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 529

1658D—Sawicki, stony-Blaincreek, very

stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Additional Components

Tolbert and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1658E—Sawicki, very stony-Blaincreek,

very stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt
530 Soil Survey of

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1659E—Sawbuck, stony-Sawbuck,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Sawbuck, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Sawbuck, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Blaincreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1661D—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 531

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1661E—Catgulch-Baxton complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit
532 Soil Survey of

Farnuf and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1662D—Catgulch, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Burtoner complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo, bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crackerville and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1663D—Catgulch, bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 533

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Connieo, very bouldery, and similar soils: 6 percent of

the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1664E—Catgulch, bouldery-Rock outcropAshbray, bouldery, complex, 4 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Ashbray and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Connieo, very bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of

the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
534 Soil Survey of

1665F—Catgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Connieo, very stony, complex,

35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.5 inches

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kounter and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Crackerville and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1667E—Catgulch, extremely boulderyBaxton, extremely bouldery-Burtoner,

bouldery, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 535

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Connieo and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Burtoner soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1671E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 3,600 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Additional Components

Wickes and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1672E—Tolbert-Blaincreek complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days
536 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1675E—Tolbert, very stony-Blaincreek,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 537

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1675F—Tolbert, very stony-Rock outcropBlaincreek, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 105 days

Component Description

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Blaincreek and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Additional Components

Sawicki and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1680D—Raynesford silt loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Raynesford and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

swales

Slope: 4 to 15 percent
538 Soil Survey of

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Additional Components

Hanson and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Raynesford soils that have slopes of more than 25

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1690F—Cheadle, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Tiban, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Cheadle and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Kimpton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1721C—Martinsdale loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 539

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale, cobbly, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1722C—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale, cobbly, and similar soils: 7 percent of the

unit

Shawmut, stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Judell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1722E—Martinsdale-Martinsdale, stonyShawmut complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days
540 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Additional Components

Absarook and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Martinsdale soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Shawmut, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1723D—Martinsdale-Shawmut complex, 2

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 541

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Shawmut soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale soils that are not bouldery: 3 percent of

the unit

Shawmut soils that are not bouldery: 2 percent of the

unit

Judell and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1724D—Martinsdale-Shawmut, stonyMartinsdale, bouldery, complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.0 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Martinsdale, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Additional Components

Absarook and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1731E—Tepecreek, bouldery-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains
542 Soil Survey of

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.7 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Franconi and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1731F—Tepecreek, very boulderyCaseypeak, rubbly-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 543

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 9 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 9 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1732F—Tepecreek, very boulderyCaseypeak, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Rubick and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kurrie and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1734F—Hiore, stony-Kurrie, stonyCaseypeak, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit
544 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Kurrie and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Hiore soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent: 6

percent of the unit

Hiore, cool, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1735E—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 545

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Branham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tepecreek soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Tuggle and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1735F—Tepecreek, stony-Caseypeak,

very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.5 inches

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loamy coarse sand

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Tepecreek soils that have slopes of less than 35

percent: 10 percent of the unit

Tuggle and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1740E—Tropal, bouldery-Hanson, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days
546 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Hanson and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of areas of

exposed hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Tropal, very stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Firada and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Whitore and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1741F—Tropal, bouldery-Rock outcropWhitore, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 547

Additional Components

Firada and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hanson and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1742F—Tropal, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard limestone bedrock.

Limestone cobbles and stones litter the areas

and accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Additional Components

Hanson and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Firada and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1750F—Whitore, bouldery-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit
548 Soil Survey of

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Firada and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hanson and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1751F—Whitore, very stony-Tropal, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard limestone bedrock.

Limestone cobbles and stones litter the areas

and accumulate at the base of hills and

escarpments.

Additional Components

Firada and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hanson and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1752E—Whitore, stony-Helmville,

bouldery-Firada, very stony, complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Helmville and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 549

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Firada and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over gravelly residuum derived

from limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Tropal and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Hanson and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1753E—Whitore, stony-Tropal, very stonyFirada, very stony, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Firada and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over gravelly residuum derived

from limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land
550 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Sodicity: Sodic within a depth of 30 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Additional Components

Helmville and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hanson and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1760E—Hanson, stony-Whitore, bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hanson and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.5 inches

Whitore and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Tropal and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Firada and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1770E—Helmville, rubbly-Tiban, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Helmville and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.5 inches

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 551

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Kimpton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Cheadle and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1781E—Firada, stony-Tropal, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Firada and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over gravelly residuum derived

from limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over gravelly residuum

derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Tropal and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Additional Components

Hanson and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Whitore and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tiban and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1790F—Sigbird, very bouldery-Sigbird,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sigbird, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges
552 Soil Survey of

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from hard shale

over residuum derived from hard shale

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Sigbird, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from claystone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from hard shale

over residuum derived from hard shale

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured shale bedrock. Flagstones

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Additional Components

Hanson and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cheadle and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kimpton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1800D—Breeton coarse sandy loam, 4 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1802D—Breeton-Baxton-Connieo

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 553

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Baxton and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Sandy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Baxton, bouldery, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1803C—Breeton-Cometcrik complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, river valleys, valleys,

uplands

Elevation: 3,940 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 22 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Cometcrik and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 2 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Additional Components

Eagleton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kokoruda and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Faith and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
554 Soil Survey of

1810F—Hoyt, very stony-Ymark,

bouldery-Shaboom, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Hoyt and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.0 inches

Ymark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

granite and fine grained igneous rock over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Repkie and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1821F—Kellygulch, bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Bielenberg complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 555

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1822F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop association, 45

to 75 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 45 to 75 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.9 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 45 to 75 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Baxton, moist, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Baxton soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Shaboom, extremely bouldery, and similar soils: 5

percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
556 Soil Survey of

1823E—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kellygulch soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1823F—Kellygulch, stony-Shaboom, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 557

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch soils that have slopes of less than 35

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1830E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Breeton

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Additional Components

Catgulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
558 Soil Survey of

1831D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery,

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Farnuf and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Hapgood and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1832D—Clancy-Burtoner, bouldery-Rock

outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 559

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Farnuf and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1833D—Clancy-Connieo complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Additional Components

Placerton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crackerville and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1835D—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo

complex, 4 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
560 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1836E—Clancy, bouldery-Bielenberg,

stony-Catgulch, bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crampton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Bielenberg soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 561

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1837E—Clancy-Bielenberg-Connieo

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Farnuf and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1838D—Clancy-Clancy, very stonyBielenberg complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Clancy and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.2 inches

Clancy, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)
562 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy colluvium derived from

granite over sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Bielenberg and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 50 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 50 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1841D—Tuggle-Branham-Rock outcrop

complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Opitz and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1842D—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock

outcrop complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 563

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Bobowic and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Lowder and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1842E—Caseypeak-Branham-Rock

outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit
564 Soil Survey of

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Bobowic and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1842F—Caseypeak, bouldery-Branham,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 40 to 70 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Clugulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Branham loam and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1851D—Branham-Lowder loams, 0 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 0 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 565

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Lowder and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy over sandy and gravelly

recent alluvium derived from mixed igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Branham, very bouldery, and similar soils: 6 percent of

the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1851E—Branham-Lowder loams, 8 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Lowder and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy over sandy and gravelly

recent alluvium derived from mixed igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Branham, very bouldery, and similar soils: 6 percent of

the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1853D—Branham-Tuggle complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
566 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Additional Components

Opitz and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham loam and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1853E—Branham-Tuggle complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.4 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Additional Components

Opitz and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham, moist, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1861F—Clugulch-Bobowic-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 40 to 95 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 567

Component Description

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Bobowic and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1871E—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Bobowic and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Branham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kurrie and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1871F—Hiore, stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,500 to 7,500 feet
568 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Bobowic and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kurrie and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1872E—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Branham and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 569

1872F—Hiore-Clugulch-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.7 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hiore soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1901F—Warwood-Tigeron, very stonyCowood, very stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Warwood and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit
570 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 7 percent of the unit

Tigeron, bouldery, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1902D—Warwood, very boulderyWarwood, very stony-Tigeron, very

bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Warwood, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.6 inches

Warwood, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.6 inches

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Redfern and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Tigeron soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Ellena and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 571

1910F—Elmark, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Shaboom, extremely bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1921D—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex, 4

to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.3 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
572 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Judell soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1921E—Judell-Lap, very stony, complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.3 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Judell soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent: 6

percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Windham and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1930E—Elmark-Kellygulch, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 573

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 7 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1933E—Elmark, bouldery-BreetonShaboom, bouldery, complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Breeton and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches
574 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Hoyt and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1940E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Bignell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1945E—Elmark, bouldery-Lumpgulch,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

8 to 35 percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 575

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Elmark, gravelly, and similar soils: 6 percent of the

unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

1946E—Elmark, bouldery-Hoyt-Shaboom,

very bouldery, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Hoyt and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit
576 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Elmark, very bouldery, and similar soils: 5 percent of

the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1947E—Elmark, bouldery-Burtoner-Rock

outcrop complex, 8 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 70 to 105 days

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Burtoner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Clancy and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Baxton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1948E—Elmark, very bouldery-Skyview,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 577

Component Description

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Skyview and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Colluvium derived from granite over residuum

derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Hoyt and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Skyview, gravelly, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1950F—Franconi, very boulderyWarwood-Caseypeak, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Franconi and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Warwood and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches
578 Soil Survey of

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Releep and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1960D—Lumpgulch, bouldery-HoytShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 4 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Hoyt and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1961E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-HoytShaboom, very bouldery, complex, 15

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 579

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Hoyt and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hoyt soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent: 3

percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Bignell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1962E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Yreka, very

bouldery-Shaboom, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam
580 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Hoyt and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1963F—Lumpgulch, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Kellygulch, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Additional Components

Shaboom and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 581

1964E—Lumpgulch, very boulderyShaboom, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 8 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1965E—Lumpgulch, bouldery-Ymark,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Lumpgulch and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from granite

over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Ymark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)
582 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

granite and fine grained igneous rock over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Shaboom and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1970E—Bignell, stony-Yreka, very stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 105 days

Component Description

Bignell and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Clayey colluvium

Clayey slope alluvium

Clayey till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.0 inches

Additional Components

Yreka, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent

Brickner and similar soils: 3 percent

Hoyt and similar soils: 3 percent

Skyview and similar soils: 2 percent

Stemple and similar soils: 2 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1980F—Stemple cobbly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 105 days

Component Description

Stemple and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from claystone

Native plant cover type: Forest land
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 583

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bignell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1990F—Bobowic, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Tepecreek, very bouldery,

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Bobowic and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Tepecreek and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

1991D—Bobowic-Clugulch, boulderyRock outcrop complex, 4 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Bobowic and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite
584 Soil Survey of

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.8 inches

Clugulch and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 10 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.6 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Branham and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Opitz and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2000E—Skyview, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Roegulch, very bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Skyview and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Colluvium derived from granite over residuum

derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Roegulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Skyview soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Repkie and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 585

2001E—Skyview, very bouldery-Elmark,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Skyview and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Colluvium derived from granite over residuum

derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.0 inches

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ymark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Repkie and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2011D—Shawmut gravelly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, bouldery, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 8 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit
586 Soil Survey of

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2012D—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale,

very stony, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale loam and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2012E—Shawmut, stony-Martinsdale, very

stony, complex, 15 to 25 percent

slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Martinsdale and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides,

terraces

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Calcareous, fine-loamy slope alluvium derived
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 587

from fine grained sandstone, siltstone, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.1 inches

Additional Components

Wimper and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2013E—Shawmut, bouldery-Wickes,

stony-Tolbert, bouldery, complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.9 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Wimper and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2014E—Shawmut-Tolbert complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 3,600 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit
588 Soil Survey of

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Tolbert and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Wimper and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2020D—Shawmut, stony-Shawmut,

bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shawmut, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Shawmut, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Additional Components

Martinsdale and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Gnojek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Wickes and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2030E—Kokoruda-Elmark, very boulderyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, river valleys, valleys

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 22 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 589

Component Description

Kokoruda and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, swales

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium

Fine-loamy slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Elmark and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Eagleton and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Lumpgulch and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2031D—Eagleton, stony-KokorudaCometcrik complex, 2 to 25 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys, foothills, mountains

Elevation: 3,800 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 22 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 115 days

Component Description

Eagleton and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches

Kokoruda and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, swales

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium

Fine-loamy slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.9 inches

Cometcrik and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.4 inches
590 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Hoyt and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Wetsand and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Yreka and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2040F—Shaboom, extremely boulderyRock outcrop-Rubble land association,

35 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Shaboom and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 3 to 15

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of areas of hard,

rounded granite cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Kellygulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sawbuck and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2041F—Rock outcrop-Catgulch, bouldery,

complex, 15 to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Ashbray and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Crampton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 591

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2042F—Rock outcrop-Cheadle, very

bouldery-Tiban, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 50 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard sedimentary and metamorphic

bedrock. Angular cobbles, stones, and boulders

litter the areas and accumulate at the base of hills

and escarpments.

Cheadle and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.5 inches

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Helmville and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Kimpton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Ratiopeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2043F—Rencot, very stony-Rencot,

bouldery-Rock outcrop association, 15

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Rencot, very stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rencot, bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, strath

terraces
592 Soil Survey of

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Bronec and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Geohrock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sieben and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2045F—Caseypeak, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 15 to

60 percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy

loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of exposures of

hard, coarse grained (granite) and fine grained

(basalt or rhyolite) bedrock. In granitic areas, a thin

layer of decomposing granite (grus) covers the

surface.

Rubble land

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of areas of

rounded granite and angular basalt or rhyolite

cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Hiore and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tuggle and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2046F—Caseypeak, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land association, 15 to

60 percent slopes, cool

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,000 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 60 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 593

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of areas of hard,

rounded granite cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2051E—Opitz, bouldery-Branham, very

bouldery-Tuggle, very bouldery,

complex, 8 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Opitz and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, plateaus,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Branham and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly colluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Tuggle and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy residuum derived from granite

Loamy slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches
594 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Branham loam and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Clugulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Foolhen and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2081F—Windham, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Lap, very stony, complex, 35

to 70 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard limestone bedrock. Limestone

cobbles and stones litter the areas and

accumulate at the base of hills and escarpments.

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2082D—Windham-Judell complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 595

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.6 inches

Additional Components

Windham, stony, and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Judell cobbly loam and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2084E—Windham, stony-Maiden, very

stony-Lap, very stony, complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Maiden and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from limestone

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.7 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Maiden soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

8 percent of the unit

Judell and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2086E—Windham-Windham, stony,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days
596 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Windham, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Additional Components

Judell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Silverchief and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2088D—Windham-Judell gravelly loams, 8

to 25 percent slopes, stony, warm

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.1 inches

Judell and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, terraces

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from limestone

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.4 inches

Additional Components

Maiden and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Judell soils that have slopes of less than 8 percent: 7

percent of the unit

Wimper and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2090F—Caseypeak, very boulderyFranconi, very bouldery-Rock outcrop

complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 597

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Franconi and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tuggle and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2091E—Caseypeak, bouldery-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Caseypeak and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountainsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Loamy and gravelly slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Franconi and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite
598 Soil Survey of

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Bobowic and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2110D—Sebud very cobbly loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2111E—Sebud, very stony-Hapgood

complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,000 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Hapgood and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.6 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 599

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tiban and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2112D—Sebud-Marcel complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Marcel and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly alpine till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.5 inches

Additional Components

Tibkey and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2121F—Hapgood-Hanson-Tiban complex,

25 to 60 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Hapgood and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Hanson and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted
600 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Firada and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2122F—Hapgood-Tiban complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,000 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hapgood and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Tiban and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.0 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2123F—Hapgood-Sebud-Arrowpeak

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,000 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 601

Component Description

Hapgood and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.5 inches

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 6 percent of the unit

Hiore and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tiban and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2125F—Cowood, rubbly-Elve, very stonyRock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None
602 Soil Survey of

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2151E—Releep, very bouldery-Kurrie,

very bouldery-Rock outcrop complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Releep and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Kurrie and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2161E—Ellena, bouldery-Worock, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Ellena and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 603

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of exposures of

hard, coarse grained (granite) and fine grained

(basalt or rhyolite) bedrock. In granitic areas, a thin

layer of decomposing granite (grus) covers the

surface.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rubick and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2161F—Kurrie, very bouldery-Ellena, very

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Kurrie and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Ellena and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches
604 Soil Survey of

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Peeler and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2171F—Hiore-Kurrie, stony, complex, 25

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Hiore and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, mountain

valleys

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.3 inches

Kurrie and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2172F—Rubick, very stony-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Rubick and similar soils

Extent: 75 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 8 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 605

Additional Components

Rubble land: 7 percent of the unit

Caseypeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2173F—Rubick gravelly sandy loam, 35 to

60 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Rubick and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.9 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2181F—Repkie, very stony-Yreka, stonySkyview, very bouldery, complex, 25 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Repkie and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

over gravelly colluvium derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.9 inches

Skyview and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Colluvium derived from granite over residuum

derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite
606 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Roegulch and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2211E—Sebud-Arrowpeak, stony,

complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2211F—Sebud, very stony-Arrowpeak,

very stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 607

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2212D—Sebud, very stony-LibegArrowpeak, stony, complex, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2212E—Sebud, very stony-Libeg, stonyArrowpeak, stony, complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days
608 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2213E—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 8 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 609

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2213F—Sebud, stony-Surdal, stonyArrowpeak, very stony, complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.6 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches
610 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2214E—Sebud, bouldery-Surdal, very

bouldery-Arrowpeak, very bouldery,

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 6 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2215D—Sebud-Tibkey cobbly loams, 2 to

15 percent slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 611

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Tibkey and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly till derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Surdal and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2216D—Sebud-Surdal complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2221E—Arrowpeak, very stony-Surdal,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges
612 Soil Survey of

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2222F—Arrowpeak, very stony-Sebud,

stony-Surdal, very stony, complex, 25

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Sebud and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 613

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.0 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 7 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2230B—Tineman cobbly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tineman and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Moraines, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.2 inches

Additional Components

Adel and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Mooseflat and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2251F—Nivean, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 25 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Nivean and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.

Rubble land

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of angular to subrounded, tuffaceous cobbles,

stones, and boulders. Volcanic ash and glass may

be in the soil.

Additional Components

Macabre and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit
614 Soil Survey of

Nivean soils that have slopes of less than 25 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2252E—Nivean, very stony-Macabre,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Nivean and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Macabre and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Macabre soils that have slopes of less than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Nivean soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2261D—Lowland loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowland and similar soils

Extent: 75 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Lowland soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 10 percent of the unit

Judco and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 615

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2261E—Lowland loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowland and similar soils

Extent: 75 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Lowland soils that have slopes of less than 15 percent:

10 percent of the unit

Judco and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2261F—Lowland, stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowland and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.

Rubble land

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of angular to subrounded, tuffaceous cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Lowland soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2270F—Macabre, very stony-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,500 to 6,200 feet
616 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Macabre and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.

Rubble land

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of angular to subrounded, tuffaceous cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Nivean and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Macabre, stony, and similar soils: 3 percent of the

unit

Macabre, very gravelly, and similar soils: 2 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2271D—Macabre gravelly loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Macabre and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Additional Components

Nivean and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 1 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2281F—Judco, stony-Torpy, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Judco and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

welded tuff

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 617

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Torpy, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2291F—Mocmont-Kadygulch cobbly

loams, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Mocmont and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Kadygulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly colluvium derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Additional Components

Hiore and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Kurrie and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
618 Soil Survey of

2301F—Mocmont, bouldery-Roegulch,

rubbly-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Mocmont and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Roegulch and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite over residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Sawbuck and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Cometcrik and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2311F—Worock, stony-Cowood, very

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 619

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 5 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Worock soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2312F—Worock, stony-Elve, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 5 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Worock soils that have slope of less than 35 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2321D—Torpy loam, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,500 to 8,000 feet
620 Soil Survey of

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 95 days

Component Description

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Vitroff and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Nivean and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2321E—Torpy gravelly loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Torpy soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

5 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak, very stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of

the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2321F—Torpy gravelly loam, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Additional Components

Torpy soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent:

10 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 621

2322E—Lowland-Torpy complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowland and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Judco and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2322F—Lowland-Torpy complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowland and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Torpy soils that have slopes of less than 35 percent: 5

percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
622 Soil Survey of

2331B—Mooseflat loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Mooseflat and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over fine-loamy

alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Elvick and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2332B—Mooseflat-Elvick loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Mooseflat and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over fine-loamy

alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Elvick and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways,

flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy over sandy and gravelly

recent alluvium derived from mixed igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Additional Components

Libeg and similar soils: 15 percent

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2350D—Clasoil, very stony-Sawicki,

bouldery, complex, 4 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Clasoil and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 623

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.1 inches

Sawicki and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.1 inches

Additional Components

Clasoil soils that have slopes of more than 15 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Sawicki soils that have slopes of more than 15

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2360E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stonyShawmut complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Gnojek and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Shawmut and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut, bouldery, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit
624 Soil Survey of

Absarook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Perma and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2360F—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stonyRock outcrop complex, 35 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Gnojek and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Additional Components

Rubble land: 10 percent of the unit

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Absarook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2361E—Gnojek, stony-Wickes, stonyRock outcrop complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Gnojek and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 625

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Absarook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2361F—Gnojek, stony-Rock outcropWickes, stony, complex, 25 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Gnojek and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Wickes and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides,

interfluves, ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

sandstone

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.2 inches

Additional Components

Shawmut and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Absarook and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Brickner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
626 Soil Survey of

2391C—Marcel, very bouldery-Tibkey,

bouldery, complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Marcel and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly silt loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly alpine till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.8 inches

Tibkey and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Mucky silt loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly till derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Additional Components

Sebud and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2411E—Ashbray, bouldery-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 8 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Ashbray and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of areas of hard,

rounded granite cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Baxton and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 627

2412F—Ashbray, rubbly-Rock outcropKellygulch, very stony, complex, 35 to

70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Ashbray and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock.

Kellygulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy colluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Coarse-loamy residuum derived from granite

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium over residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Additional Components

Rubble land: 15 percent of the unit

Connieo and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Elmark and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2421E—Surdal, stony-Arrowpeak, very

stony, complex, 4 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Surdal and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Arrowpeak and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Mountain slopes, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)
628 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.8 inches

Additional Components

Sebud and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Nieman and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2431C—Foolhen, stony-Tibkey, bouldery,

complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Foolhen and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Mucky loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic, herbaceous material over

fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.6 inches

Tibkey and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly till derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.3 inches

Additional Components

Sebud and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Monaberg and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2441E—Tineman, very stony-Franconi,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to

25 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Tineman and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Moraines, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over sandy and

gravelly recent alluvium derived from igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 629

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.2 inches

Franconi and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium over residuum derived from

granite

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Additional Components

Caseypeak and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2450E—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 8 to 35

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kounter and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Cedric and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hills, ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Jeffcity and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.
630 Soil Survey of

2451D—Kounter, bouldery-Rock outcropCedric, bouldery, complex, 4 to 25

percent slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kounter and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Cedric and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hills, ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Jeffcity and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2452E—Kounter, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Jeffcity, bouldery, complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Kounter and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.8 inch

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 631

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Additional Components

Cedric and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2460D—Cedric, bouldery-Jeffcity,

bouldery-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to

15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Cedric and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hills, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Kounter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2461D—Cedric, bouldery-Rock outcropJeffcity, bouldery, complex, 2 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Cedric and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, hills, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
632 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of

exposed areas of hard, coarse grained granite

bedrock. In places, a thin layer of decomposing

granite (grus) covers the bedrock. Large, rounded

boulders of granite are in the vicinity of the

outcrops.

Jeffcity and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy residuum derived from granite

Fine-loamy slope alluvium over residuum derived

from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.4 inches

Additional Components

Kounter and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Catgulch and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Martinsdale and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Placerton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2471F—Elve, stony-Worock, stony-Rock

outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,000 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.6 inches

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock. Boulders and stones make up a

small part of the areas.

Additional Components

Cowood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Hapgood and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 633

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2472E—Elvick-Lowder complex, 8 to 25

percent slopes, very bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elvick and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Lowder and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

recessional moraines, swales

Slope: 8 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2473E—Elve-Cowood very cobbly loams,

8 to 35 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
634 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.0 inch

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2481F—Brickner, very bouldery-Rock

outcrop-Rubble land complex, 15 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Brickner and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Blaincreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Hilger and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tolbert and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2483F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land association, 25 to 60 percent

slopes, cool

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 635

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2484F—Rock outcrop-Rubble landRedfern, rubbly, association, 35 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 35 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Additional Components

Helmville and similar soils: 15 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2485F—Redfern, rubbly-Rock outcropTigeron, very bouldery, association, 25

to 70 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Redfern and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 25 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Tigeron and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges, saddles

Slope: 25 to 50 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
636 Soil Survey of

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.0 inches

Additional Components

Rubble land: 20 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2486F—Elve, rubbly-Rock outcrop-Rubble

land complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Tigeron and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2487F—Torpy, rubbly-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains, foothills

Elevation: 4,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or

tuffaceous volcanic rocks.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 637

Rubble land

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of angular to subrounded, tuffaceous cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Nivean and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Lowland and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Macabre and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2488D—Elve, very stony-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 4 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Elvick and similar soils: 15 percent of the unit

Worock and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2501D—Lowder-Elvick very cobbly loams,

2 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Lowder and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, flood-plain steps,

recessional moraines, swales

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material:

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from metavolcanics

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Elvick and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, drainageways

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land
638 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Foolhen and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2511C—Monaberg loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, bouldery

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Monaberg and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from basalt

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from fine

grained igneous and metamorphic rocks

Fine-loamy alpine till derived from fine grained

igneous and metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.8 inches

Additional Components

Sebud and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Libeg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2581E—Worock, very bouldery-Elve, very

stony, complex, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,000 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 639

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2582D—Worock-Elve very cobbly loams, 2

to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery,

cool

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,000 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.2 inches

Additional Components

Tepecreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2582E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 8 to 35 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks
640 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Worock, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 8 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2582F—Worock, rubbly-Rock outcropRubble land complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,500 to 8,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Worock and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Extremely stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: Ths component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, fractured, fine grained volcanic

extrusive bedrock.

Rubble land

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists of extensive areas

of hard, fine grained, angular volcanic cobbles,

stones, and boulders.

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 8 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2583D—Worock, stony-Worock, very

bouldery, complex, 2 to 15 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock, stony, and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 641

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.7 inches

Worock, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 2 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Additional Components

Tibkey and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Sebud and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

2583F—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 35 to 60 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Worock, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks
642 Soil Survey of

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 7 percent of the unit

Tepecreek and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Tibkey and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2584E—Worock, very bouldery-Worock,

rubbly, complex, 15 to 45 percent

slopes, dry

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Worock, very bouldery, and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Worock, rubbly, and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very stony loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 15 to 50

percent (boulders)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from metavolcanics

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

metavolcanics

Gravelly till derived from fine grained igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.8 inches

Additional Components

Elve and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Cowood and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Redfern and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Tigeron and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Helmville and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2591F—Kadygulch-Roegulch, stony,

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Kadygulch and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 643

Parent material:

Sandy and gravelly colluvium derived from

granite

Sandy and gravelly slope alluvium derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Roegulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01

to 0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived

from granite over residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Breeton and similar soils: 7 percent of the unit

Yreka and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2661F—Elve-Cowood complex, 45 to 70

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 45 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 45 to 70 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Elvick and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2662E—Elve-Cowood complex, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 6,000 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days

Component Description

Elve and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from basalt
644 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Cowood and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, mountainsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very channery sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from sandstone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Worock and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Warwood and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 3 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2681E—Sawbuck-Catgulch, stony,

complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawbuck and similar soils

Extent: 65 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 8 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Crackerville and similar soils: 6 percent of the unit

Sawicki and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Bielenberg and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2682E—Sawbuck, stony-Yreka, stonyCatgulch, very stony, complex, 15 to

45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 105 days

Component Description

Sawbuck and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy clay loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 46 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 645

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt over

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.4 inches

Yreka and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, mountain

slopes, ridges

Slope: 30 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly colluvium derived from

mixed, fine grained igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.9 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Yreka soils that have slopes of more than 45 percent:

6 percent of the unit

Skyview and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Hoyt and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2691F—Connieo, very stony-Crackerville,

stony-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 105 days

Component Description

Connieo and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.6 inches

Crackerville and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from granite over sandy

and gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from granite over

sandy and gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.9 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)
646 Soil Survey of

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Bielenberg and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Clancy and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ashbray and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Breeton and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Burtoner and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2695E—Macabre-Nivean complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,500 to 6,200 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Macabre and similar soils

Extent: 75 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Nivean and similar soils

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 15 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 5 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Macabre soils that have slopes of more than 35

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Nivean soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2695F—Macabre-Judco-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, mountains

Elevation: 4,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 95 days

Component Description

Macabre and similar soils

Extent: 75 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hillsides, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.8 inches

Judco and similar soils

Extent: 5 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.01 to

0.10 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(paralithic)

Drainage class: Well drained
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 647

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

welded tuff

Gravelly residuum derived from welded tuff

Gravelly slope alluvium over residuum derived

from welded tuff

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.6 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 5 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of welded tuff, rhyolitic tuff, and/or tuffaceous

volcanic rocks.

Additional Components

Macabre, stony, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Nivean and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2701F—Crampton-Catgulch complex, 35

to 60 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills

Elevation: 4,400 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 80 to 95 days

Component Description

Crampton and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hills, ridges

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to

bedrock (paralithic); 40 to 60 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Gravelly residuum derived from granite

Gravelly slope alluvium over sandy and gravelly

residuum derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches

Catgulch and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges, spurs

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly coarse sandy loam

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.00 percent (stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 0.9 inch

Additional Components

Burtoner and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Kellygulch and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Shaboom and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2705F—Vitroff-Torpy loams, 35 to 60

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Vitroff and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

saddles

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock
648 Soil Survey of

Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rock

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Torpy and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes

Slope: 35 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from tuffaceous

volcanic rocks

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.9 inches

Additional Components

Judco and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Vitroff soils that have slopes of 18 to 25 percent: 2

percent of the unit

Rubble land: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2711E—Libeg very gravelly loam, 15 to 45

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 8,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 30 inches

Frost-free period: 30 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Very gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Arrowpeak and similar soils: 10 percent of the unit

Elve and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

2712D—Libeg-Mooseflat loams, 4 to 25

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,500 to 7,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 24 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Libeg and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

mountain valleys, outwash terraces

Slope: 4 to 25 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly alluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Gravelly till

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.9 inches

Mooseflat and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 649

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over fine-loamy

alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.4 inches

Additional Components

Libeg, very gravelly: 10 percent of the unit

Marcel and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3001B—Aridic Ustifluvents, 0 to 4 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, river valleys

Elevation: 3,500 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days

Component Description

Aridic Ustifluvents and similar soils

Extent: 90 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.7 inches

Additional Components

Rivra and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Ryell and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Fairway and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3033B—Sappington-Amesha loams, 1 to 4

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 4,300 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 1 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Sappington soils that have slopes of more than 4

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Musselshell and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3033C—Sappington-Amesha loams, 4 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 4,300 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days
650 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Sappington and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary

valley fill alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.2 inches

Amesha and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, knolls,

plains

Slope: 4 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, coarse-loamy Tertiary valley fill

alluvium

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Additional Components

Amesha soils that have slopes of more than 8 percent:

4 percent of the unit

Sappington, gravelly, and similar soils: 4 percent of the

unit

Crago and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3061E—Holter-Castner channery loams, 8

to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, mountains

Elevation: 4,500 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days

Component Description

Holter and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from basalt

Gravelly colluvium derived from argillaceous

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 5.2 inches

Castner and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Hills, hillsides, ridges

Slope: 8 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from basalt

Gravelly residuum derived from fine grained

sandstone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.2 inches

Additional Components

Castner soils that have slopes of more than 45

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Mocmont and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 3 percent of the unit

Blaincreek and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3064D—Windham channery loam, 4 to 15

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, foothills

Elevation: 3,500 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 651

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 4 to 15 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Additional Components

Beanlake and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Windham, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3137B—Musselshell-Crago complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Musselshell and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from limestone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.5 inches

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3141E—Crago-Pensore channery loams,

15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,800 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 55 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland
652 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Pensore and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Escarpments, hillsides, knolls,

ridges, strath terraces

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.4 inches

Additional Components

Musselshell and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Whitecow and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Delpoint and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3218A—Meadowcreek-Fairway complex, 0

to 2 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Meadowcreek and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.4 inches

Fairway and similar soils

Extent: 25 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood plains, flood-plain steps,

terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 8.7 inches

Additional Components

Havre and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Villy and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rivra and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3233C—Geohrock-Crago very cobbly

loams, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,300 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley

floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.5 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 653

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Very cobbly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.3 inches

Additional Components

Geohrock soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Nippt and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3433E—Crago-Musselshell gravelly

loams, 4 to 35 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Uplands, valleys

Elevation: 3,600 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Crago and similar soils

Extent: 50 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, escarpments,

hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Calcareous, gravelly alluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly colluvium derived from

limestone

Calcareous, gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.8 inches

Musselshell and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, hillsides, plains

Slope: 4 to 35 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Coarse-loamy alluvium derived from limestone

Coarse-loamy slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 7.4 inches

Additional Components

Amesha and similar soils: 3 percent of the unit

Crago soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent:

3 percent of the unit

Crago, cobbly, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Crago, stony, and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Pensore and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit,

see the appropriate sections in Part II of this

publication.

3486F—Peeler-Rock outcrop complex, 15

to 60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Mountains

Elevation: 5,000 to 6,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 28 inches

Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days

Component Description

Peeler and similar soils

Extent: 80 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, mountain slopes,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Bouldery sandy loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained
654 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Fine-loamy slope alluvium derived

from granite over sandy and gravelly residuum

derived from granite

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.8 inches

Rock outcrop

Extent: 10 percent of the map unit

Definition: This component consists mainly of exposed

areas of hard, coarse grained granite bedrock. In

places, a thin layer of decomposing granite (grus)

covers the bedrock. Large, rounded boulders of

granite are in the vicinity of the outcrops.

Additional Components

Franconi and similar soils: 4 percent of the unit

Lowder and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Peeler, stony, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Rubble land: 2 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3501B—Fluvaquents-Fluvaquentic

Haplustolls complex, 0 to 4 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: River valleys, valleys

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days

Component Description

Fluvaquents and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 9.2 inches

Fluvaquentic Haplustolls and similar soils

Extent: 40 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Drainageways, flood plains,

flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and

gravelly alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Frequency of flooding: Rare

Water table: Within a depth of 60 inches

Available water capacity: Mainly 6.7 inches

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3513A—Attewan-Nippt complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Attewan and similar soils

Extent: 60 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Plains, stream terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Fine-loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly

alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Nippt and similar soils

Extent: 30 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Flood-plain steps, terraces

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Gravelly alluvium over calcareous

sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from fine

grained igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

rocks

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 2.3 inches
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 655

Additional Components

Nippt, very cobbly, and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Nippt, very gravelly, and similar soils: 5 percent of the

unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3532B—Geohrock gravelly loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Valleys, uplands

Elevation: 3,600 to 4,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 10 to 14 inches

Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days

Component Description

Geohrock and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley floors

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Surface layer texture: Gravelly loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly Tertiary valley fill alluvium

Gravelly slope alluvium

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 3.7 inches

Additional Components

Crago and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Geohrock soils that have slopes of more than 8

percent: 5 percent of the unit

Nippt and similar soils: 5 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3664E—Windham-Whitecow-Lap

channery loams, 15 to 45 percent

slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days

Component Description

Windham and similar soils

Extent: 45 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.6 inches

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 35 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Lap and similar soils

Extent: 15 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium over residuum derived from

limestone

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Rangeland

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.3 inches
656 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Lap, very shallow, and similar soils: 2 percent of the unit

Whitecow soils that have slopes of more than 45

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3685F—Whitecow channery loam, 25 to

60 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,500 to 5,000 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 95 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 25 to 60 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Additional Components

Rock outcrop: 2 percent of the unit

Whitecow soils that have slopes of more than 60

percent: 2 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

3885F—Whitecow-Warneke channery

loams, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landscape: Foothills, uplands

Elevation: 4,000 to 5,500 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches

Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days

Component Description

Whitecow and similar soils

Extent: 70 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Restrictive feature: None noted

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly colluvium derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 4.0 inches

Warneke and similar soils

Extent: 20 percent of the map unit

Geomorphic position: Divides, escarpments, hillsides,

ridges

Slope: 15 to 45 percent

Surface layer texture: Channery loam

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material:

Gravelly residuum derived from limestone

Gravelly slope alluvium derived from limestone

over residuum derived from limestone

Native plant cover type: Forest land

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Mainly 1.1 inches

Additional Components

Maiden, very gravelly, and similar soils: 6 percent of

the unit

Whitecow soils that have slopes of more than 45

percent: 3 percent of the unit

Maiden and similar soils: 1 percent of the unit

Management

• For information about managing this map unit, see

the appropriate sections in Part II of this publication.

DAM—Dam

Description

Extent: 100 percent of the map unit

Definition: A barrier constructed across a waterway for
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 657

the purpose of controlling the flow or raising the

level of the water

M-W—Miscellaneous water

Description

Extent: 100 percent of the map unit

Definition: Areas of sewage lagoons, industrial water

pits, fish hatcheries, etc.

W—Water

Description

Extent: 100 percent of the map unit

Definition: Streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs that

in most years contain water at least during the

period when the weather is warm enough for the

growth of plants. Many areas contain water

throughout the year.

659

Alt and Hyndman. 1991. Roadside geology of Montana.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487-00.

Campbell. 1978. Caves of Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bulletin

105.

Roby, R.N., and others. 1960. Mines and mineral deposits of Jefferson County,

Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 16.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

References

661

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alkali (sodic) soil. See Sodic (alkali) soil.

Alluvial fan. A body of alluvium, with overflow of water

and debris flow deposits, whose surface forms a

segment of a cone that radiates downslope from

the point where the stream emerges from a

narrow valley onto a less sloping surface. Source

uplands range in relief and area extent from

mountains to gullied terrains on hillslopes.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Argillite. Weakly metamorphosed mudstone or shale.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ....................................................... 0 to 3.75

Low ........................................................... 3.75 to 5.0

Moderate .................................................... 5.0 to 7.5

High ..................................................... more than 7.5

Avalanche chute. The track or path formed by an

avalanche.

Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the steepest inclined surface and principal

element of many hillslopes. Backslopes in profile

are commonly steep and linear and descend to a

footslope. In terms of gradational process,

backslopes are erosional forms produced mainly

by mass wasting and running water.

Badland. Steep or very steep, commonly nonstony,

barren land dissected by many intermittent

drainage channels. Badland is most common in

semiarid and arid regions where streams are

entrenched in soft geologic material. Local relief

generally ranges from 25 to 500 feet. Runoff

potential is very high, and geologic erosion is

active.

Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree,

generally referring to the section at breast height

and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of

stand density, commonly expressed in square

feet.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular

to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral

shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of

a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash

sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

Glossary
662 Soil Survey of

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-floored plain. An extensive nearly level to

gently rolling or moderately sloping area that is

underlain by hard bedrock and has a slope of 0 to

8 percent.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Board foot. A unit of measure of the wood in lumber,

logs, or trees. The amount of wood in a board 1

foot wide, 1 foot long, and 1 inch thick before

finishing.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Bouldery. Refers to a soil in an area where 0.01 to 0.1

percent of the surface is covered with boulders.

Bouldery soil material. Soil that is 15 to 35 percent,

by volume, rock fragments that are dominantly

larger than 24 inches (60 centimeters) in diameter.

Breaks. The steep and very steep broken land at the

border of an upland summit that is dissected by

ravines.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Cable yarding. A method of moving felled trees to a

nearby central area for transport to a processing

facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of

a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement

similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To

reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees

generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or

the entire log is suspended.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Caliche. A more or less cemented deposit of calcium

carbonate in soils of warm-temperate, subhumid

to arid areas. Caliche occurs as soft, thin layers in

the soil or as hard, thick beds directly beneath the

solum, or it is exposed at the surface by erosion.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard

crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. First

standardized in California. A soil having a CBR of

16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be

supported by standard crushed limestone, per unit

area, with the same degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Channeled. Refers to a drainage area in which natural

meandering or repeated branching and

convergence of a streambed have created deeply

incised cuts, either active or abandoned, in alluvial

material.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Cirque. A semicircular, concave, bowllike area that

has steep faces primarily resulting from glacial ice

and snow abrasion.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 663

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that

contains much more clay than the horizons above

it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and

plastic or stiff when wet.

Clearcut. A method of forest harvesting that removes

the entire stand of trees in one cutting.

Reproduction is achieved artificially or by natural

seeding from the adjacent stands.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Closed depression. A low area completely

surrounded by higher ground and having no

natural outlet.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Codominant trees. Trees whose crowns form the

general level of the forest canopy and that receive

full light from above but comparatively little from

the sides.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See

Linear extensibility.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Commercial forest. Forestland capable of producing

20 cubic feet or more per acre per year at the

culmination of the mean annual increment.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic rock

composed of rounded or subangular rock

fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It

commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured

material. Conglomerate is the consolidated

equivalent of gravel.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Consolidated sandstone. Sandstone that disperses

within a few hours when fragments are placed in

water. The fragments are extremely hard or very

hard when dry, are not easily crushed, and cannot

be textured by the usual field method.

Consolidated shale. Shale that disperses within a

few hours when fragments are placed in water.

The fragments are extremely hard or very hard

when dry and are not easily crushed.

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that
664 Soil Survey of

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Decreasers. The most heavily grazed climax range

plants. Because they are the most palatable, they

are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Dip slope. A slope of the land surface, roughly

determined by and approximately conforming to

the dip of the underlying bedrock.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping

in which crops are grown in a systematic

arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the

slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One

strip is in a close-growing crop that provides

protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a

crop that provides less protection from erosion.

This practice is used where slopes are not long

enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be

used.

Dominant trees. Trees whose crowns form the

general level of the forest canopy and that receive

full light from above and from the sides.

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainageway. An area of ground at a lower elevation

than the surrounding ground and in which water

collects and is drained to a closed depression or

lake or to a drainageway at a lower elevation. A

drainageway may or may not have distinctly

incised channels at its upper reaches or

throughout its course.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Dune. A mound, ridge, or hill of loose, windblown

granular material (generally sand), either bare or

covered with vegetation.

Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief

are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct

natural plant community. An ecological site is the
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 665

product of all the environmental factors

responsible for its development. It is typified by an

association of species that differ from those on

other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of

species or in total production.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A long, narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge

composed of irregularly stratified sand and gravel

that were deposited by a subsurface stream

flowing between ice walls or through ice tunnels of

a retreating glacier and that were left behind when

the ice melted. Eskers range from less than a mile

to more than 100 miles in length and from 10 to

100 feet in height.

Even aged. Refers to a stand of trees in which only

small differences in age occur between individual

trees. A range of 20 years is allowed.

Extrusive rock. Igneous rock derived from deepseated molten matter (magma) emplaced on the

earth’s surface.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore

productivity through accumulation of moisture.

Summer fallow is common in regions of limited

rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is

tilled for at least one growing season for weed

control and decomposition of plant residue.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat

has the lowest bulk density and the highest

water content at saturation of all organic soil

material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to

stop or help control creeping or running fires. It

also serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Foothill. A steeply sloping upland that has relief of as
666 Soil Survey of

much as 1,000 feet (300 meters) and fringes a

mountain range or high-plateau escarpment.

Footslope. The geomorphic component that forms the

inner, gently inclined surface at the base of a

hillslope. In profile, footslopes are commonly

concave. In terms of gradational processes, a

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Giant ripple mark. The undulating surface sculpture

produced in noncoherent granular materials by

currents of water and by the agitation of water in

wave action during the drainage of large glacial

lakes, such as Glacial Lake Missoula.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glacial till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift

consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciated uplands. Land areas that were previously

covered by continental or alpine glaciers and that

are at a higher elevation than the flood plain.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Very

gravelly soil is 35 to 60 percent gravel, and

extremely gravelly soil is more than 60 percent

gravel.

Grazeable forestland. Land capable of sustaining

livestock grazing by producing forage of sufficient

quantity during one or more stages of secondary

forest succession.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Grus. The fragmental products of in-situ granular

disintegration of granite and granitic rocks.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Gypsum. A mineral consisting of hydrous calcium

sulfate.

Habitat type. An aggregation of all land areas capable

of producing similar climax plant communities.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

Head out. To form a flower head.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 667

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Heavy metal. Inorganic substances that are solid at

ordinary temperatures and are not soluble in

water. They form oxides and hydroxides that are

basic. Examples are copper, iron, cadmium, zinc,

manganese, lead, and arsenic.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that

increase in amount as the more desirable plants

are reduced by close grazing. Increasers

commonly are the shorter plants and the less

palatable to livestock.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be
668 Soil Survey of

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Invaders. On range, plants that encroach into an area

and grow after the climax vegetation has been

reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade

following disturbance of the surface.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Kame terrace. A terracelike ridge consisting of

stratified sand and gravel that were deposited by a

meltwater stream flowing between a melting

glacier and a higher valley wall or lateral moraine

and that remained after the disappearance of the

ice. It is commonly pitted with kettles and has an

irregular ice-contact slope.

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See

Permeability.)

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake plain. A surface marking the floor of an extinct

lake, filled in by well sorted, stratified sediments.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Lateral moraine. A ridgelike moraine carried on and

deposited at the side margin of a valley glacier. It

is composed chiefly of rock fragments derived

from the valley walls by glacial abrasion and

plucking or by mass wasting.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil.

The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 669

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loamy soil. Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam,

silt, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mean annual increment (MAI). The average annual

increase in volume of a tree during its entire life.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Merchantable trees. Trees that are of sufficient size to

be economically processed into wood products.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Microhigh. An area that is 2 to 12 inches higher than

the adjacent microlow.

Microlow. An area that is 2 to 12 inches lower than

the adjacent microhigh.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface,

rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding

lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area

(relative to a plateau) and generally having steep

sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated

mass or in a group forming a chain or range.

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Naturalized pasture. Forestland that is used primarily

for the production of forage for grazing by livestock

rather than for wood products. Overstory trees are

removed or managed in a way that promotes the

native and introduced understory vegetation on

the site. This vegetation is managed for its forage

value through the application of grazing

management principles.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
670 Soil Survey of

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Overstory. The trees in a forest that form the upper

crown cover.

Oxbow. The horseshoe-shaped channel of a former

meander, remaining after the stream formed a

cutoff across a narrow meander neck.

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Impermeable ...........................less than 0.0015 inch

Very slow .................................... 0.0015 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Playa. The generally dry and nearly level lake plain

that occupies the lowest parts of closed

depressional areas, such as those on

intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding

occurs primarily in response to precipitation and

runoff.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential natural community (PNC). The biotic

community that would become established on an

ecological site if all successional sequences were

completed without interference by human activities

under the present environmental conditions.

Natural disturbances are inherent in its

development. The PNC may include acclimatized

or naturalized nonnative species.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 671

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the

desirable vegetation. This practice increases the

vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants

and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch

necessary to conserve soil and water.

Quartzite, metamorphic. Rock consisting mainly of

quartz that formed through recrystallization of

quartz-rich sandstone or chert.

Quartzite, sedimentary. Very hard but

unmetamorphosed sandstone consisting chiefly of

quartz grains.

Range condition. The present composition of the

plant community on a range site in relation to the

potential natural plant community for that site.

(See Similarity index.)

Range site. See Ecological site.

Rangeland. Land on which the potential natural

vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike

plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or

browsing. It includes natural grasslands,

savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras,

and areas that support certain forb and shrub

communities.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Recessional moraine. A moraine formed during a

temporary but significant halt in the retreat of a

glacier.

Red beds. Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and

are made up largely of sandstone and shale.

Redox concentrations. See Redoximorphic

concentrations.

Redox depletions. See Redoximorphic depletions.

Redox features. See Redoximorphic features.

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regeneration. The new growth of a natural plant

community, developing from seed.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relict stream terrace. One of a series of platforms in

or adjacent to a stream valley that formed prior to

the current stream system.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Riser. The relatively short, steeply sloping area below

a terrace tread that grades to a lower terrace tread

or base level.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical
672 Soil Survey of

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Salinity. The electrical conductivity of a saline soil. It is

expressed, in millimhos per centimeter, as follows:

Nonsaline ......................................................... 0 to 4

Slightly saline ................................................... 4 to 8

Moderately saline ........................................... 8 to 16

Strongly saline ..................................... more than 16

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sandy soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Sawlogs. Logs of suitable size and quality for the

production of lumber.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Scribner’s log rule. A method of estimating the

number of board feet that can be cut from a log of

a given diameter and length.

Sedimentary plain. An extensive nearly level to gently

rolling or moderately sloping area that is underlain

by sedimentary bedrock and that has a slope of 0

to 8 percent.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Sedimentary uplands. Land areas of bedrock formed

from water- or wind-deposited sediments. They

are higher on the landscape than the flood plain.

Semiconsolidated sedimentary beds. Soft geologic

sediments that disperse when fragments are

placed in water. The fragments are hard or very

hard when dry. Determining the texture by the

usual field method is difficult.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 673

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Similarity index. The percentage of a specific

vegetation-state plant community that is presently

on the site.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Skid trails. Pathways along which logs are dragged to

a common site for loading onto a logging truck.

Slash. The branches, bark, treetops, reject logs, and

broken or uprooted trees left on the ground after

logging.

Slickens. Accumulations of fine textured material,

such as that separated in placer-mine and ore-mill

operations. Slickens from ore mills consist largely

of freshly ground rock that commonly has

undergone chemical treatment during the milling

process. Slickens are commonly confined in a

specially constructed basin.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture

content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey the following slope classes are

recognized:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 2 to 4 percent

Moderately sloping .............................. 4 to 8 percent

Strongly sloping ................................ 8 to 15 percent

Moderately steep ............................ 15 to 25 percent

Steep ............................................... 25 to 45 percent

Very steep .............................. more than 45 percent

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specified use.

Sodic (alkali) soil. A soil having so high a degree of

alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a

percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent

or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both,

that plant growth is restricted.

Sodicity. The degree to which a soil is affected by

exchangeable sodium. Sodicity is expressed as a

sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of a saturation

extract, or the ratio of Na+ to Ca++ + Mg++. The

degrees of sodicity and their respective ratios are:

Slight .................................................. less than 13:1

Moderate ....................................................... 13-30:1

Strong ................................................ more than 30:1

Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A measure of the

amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca)

and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from

saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na

concentration divided by the square root of onehalf of the Ca + Mg concentration.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief and by the

passage of time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage. In an area of

stony soil, stones cover 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the

surface. Very stony means that stones cover 0.1 to
674 Soil Survey of

3.0 percent of the surface, and extremely stony

means that stones cover 3 to 15 percent of the

surface.

Strath terrace. A type of stream terrace, formed as an

erosional surface cut on bedrock and thinly

mantled with stream deposits (alluvium).

Stream channel. The hollow bed where a natural

stream of surface water flows or may flow; the

deepest or central part of the bed, formed by the

main current and covered more or less

continuously by water.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summer fallow. The tillage of uncropped land during

the summer to control weeds and allow storage of

moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A

practice common in semiarid regions, where

annual precipitation is not enough to produce a

crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently

practiced before planting winter grain.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Tailwater. The water directly downstream from a

structure.

Talus. Fragments of rock and other soil material

accumulated by gravity at the foot of cliffs or steep

slopes.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Terracette. A small, irregular, steplike form on steep

hillslopes, especially in pasture, formed by creep

or erosion of surficial materials that may or may

not be induced by trampling of livestock.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Till plain. An extensive nearly level to gently rolling or

moderately sloping area that is underlain by or

consists of till and that has a slope of 0 to 8

percent.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a
Jefferson County Area and Part of Silver Bow County, Montana—Part I 675

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Trafficability. The degree to which a soil is capable of

supporting vehicular traffic across a wide range in

soil moisture conditions.

Tread. The relatively flat terrace surface that was cut

or built by stream or wave action.

Tuff. A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more

volcanic ash and dust.

Understory. Any plants in a forest community that

grow to a height of less than 5 feet.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley. An elongated depressional area primarily

developed by stream action.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or

depressional areas that are excavated at an

angle across a sloping road. They are used to

reduce the downward velocity of water and

divert it off and away from the road surface.

Water bars can easily be driven over if

constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.