FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT June 9, 2006 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 16301 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D ocketN o. 00 -001 52 -C R -01-JO F -1 U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f- A p p e lle e , v ersu s J O H N N Y M E D R A N O R I V E R A , D e fe n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt fo rth e N o r th e r n D is tr ic t o f G e o r g ia

_________________________ ( Ju n e 9, 2006) B efo re T JO F L A T , B A R K E T T an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: J ohnny M e dr a no R i ve r aa ppe a l s hi s s e nt e nc e of 18 m onths of

i m pr i s onm e nt2

forvi ol a t i on of

the t e r m s of

hi s s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e w he n he w a s found t o be i n the U n ite d S ta te s ille g a lly . R iv e r aa r g u e s th a t h is s e n te n c e is u n r e a s o n a b le . W e a f f i r m. R iv e r a , ac itiz e n o f

E l S a lv a d o r , p le a d e d g u ilty in fe d e r a l d is tr ic t c o u r t in G e o r g iain A p r il 2 0 0 0 , to u n la w f u l r e e n tr y o f

ad e p o r te d a lie n . 8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 ( b ) . H e w as se nt ence d t o 5 7 m on ths of i m pri sonm entand t hree ye ar s of s up er vi se d r e le a s e w ith th e s p e c ia l c o n d itio n th a t h e n o t b e fo u n d in th e U n ite d S ta te s ille g a lly or vi ol at e the l aw . U po n the com pl eti on of hi s t er m of i m pri sonm ent , R i veraw as depo rt ed t o E l S al vado r. R iv e r ar e e n te r e d th e U n ite d S ta te s in A p r il 2 0 0 5 , a n d h e w a s a rr e s te d in T e xa s w he r e he w a s c onvi c t e d of i l l e ga l r e e ntr y a nd s e nt e nc e d t o 20 m onths of i m pr i s onm e nt . R i ve r aw a s the n t a ke n t o fe de r a l di s tr i c tc our ti n G e or gi aw he r e he a dm i tt e d tha the vi ol a t e d the s pe c i a l c ondi t i ons of hi s s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e by r e e n te r in g th e U n ite d S ta te s ille g a lly . T h e U n ite d S ta te s r e q u e s te d a2 4 - m o n th se nt ence consec ut i ve t o the se nt ence i m po se d i n T exas . R i verare qu es t ed m itig a tio n o f

h is s e n te n c e o n th e fo llo w in g fo u rg r o u n d s : ( 1 ) th e d is tr ic t c o u r t in T e xa s ha d i m pos e d a20- m onth s e nt e nc e forR i ve r a ’ s 2005 i l l e ga l r e e ntr y ; ( 2) R i veraent er ed the U ni t ed S t at es ou tof fe arof threa t s by i nd i vi du al s w ho had ki l l ed hi s father a nd brother; (3) the se nt enci ng gu i del i nes are advi sory po st -U ni t ed3

S t at es v. B oo ker, 54 3 U . S . 22 0, 12 5 S . C t . 73 8 (20 05 ); and (4) R i verahad im m e d ia te ly s u rr e n d e r e d h im s e lf to b o r d e rp a tr o l a g e n ts u p o n h is ille g a l r e e n tr y in 2 0 0 5 . T he di s tr i c tc our tobs e r ve d tha tR i ve r aha d be e n de por t e d thr e e t i m e s a nd th i s w as h i s seco n d i l l eg al reen try aft er d ep o rt at i o n . T h e d i stri ctco u rtal so e xpr e s s e d c onc e r n tha tR i ve r a ’ s s e nt e nc e forhi s s e c ond i l l e ga l r e e ntr y w oul d be short erthan t he se nt ence for hi s f i rs ti l l egal re entry . T he di stri ctcourti m po se d an 18 -m on th sent ence on R i verafor vi ol ati on of hi s s up er vi se d rel ea se t o b e s er ved consec ut i ve t o h i s 20-m on th sent ence for i l l egal re entry i m po se d b y the di stri ct co u rti n T ex as. O urr e vi e w of

as e nt e nc e forr e a s ona bl e ne s s i s de fe r e nt i a l . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. T al l ey, 4 3 1 F . 3 d 7 8 4 , 7 8 5 (1 1 th C i r. 2 0 0 5 ). T h e b u rd en i s o n R i v era t o est ab l i sh th ath i s sen t en ce i s u n reaso n ab l e. Id . at7 8 8 . A tsen t en ci n g , th e d i stri ctco u rtm u st c ons i de r , a m ong othe rfa c t or s , “ the na tur e a nd c i r c um s t a nc e s of the of fe ns e a nd the h is to r y a n d c h a r a c te r is tic s o f th e d e fe n d a n t.” 1 8 U .S .C . 3 5 5 3 ( a ) ( 1 ) . R i veraar gu es thathi s 18-m on th sent ence for r evocati on of hi s s up er vi se d r e l e a s e i s unr e a s ona bl e fort w o r e a s ons . F i r s t , R i ve r aa r gue s tha tthe c ons e c ut i ve se nt ence i s unrea sonabl e bec ause he had al re ady bee n p un i shed by the di stri ctcourt i n T exas for hi s i l l egal re entry and t hathe had acce pt ed re spon si bi l i t y for that4

re entry . S ec on d, R i veraar gu es thathe engaged i n n o n ew cr i m i nal ac t i vi t y a ft er hi s r e e ntr y , he s urr e nde r e d t o the bor de rpa tr ol i m m e di a t e l y upon c r os s i ng the b o r d e r , a n d h e r e tu r n e d t o th e Un i t e d St a t e s t o e s c a p e th e th r e a t s a g a i n s th i m i n El S al vado r. R i vera ’ s argum ent s fai l . Itw as re as on abl e for the di stri ctcourtt o i m po se a s e n te n c e o n R iv e r ac o n s e c u tiv e to h is s e n te n c e fo rh is s e c o n d ille g a l r e e n tr y . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. S w e e t i ng, 437 F . 3d 1105, 1107 ( 11th C i r . 2006) . A tthe se n ten cin g h ea rin g , th e d istrict co u rt co n sid er ed fa cto rs su rr o u n d in g R iv er a’s of fe ns e a nd hi s hi s t or y a nd c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s . T he di s tr i c tc our te xpl i c i t l y c ons i de r e d, bu tdi d n otgi ve cr edence t o, R i vera ’ s e xp l anati on thathe fl ed t o the U ni t ed S t at es beca use of threa t s a gai nsthi m . T he di stri ctcourtal so com m ent ed thatR i veraw as on a “ m erry -go-roun d” of conv i cti on for i l l egal re entry , depo rt ati on , and l at er i l l e ga l r e e ntr y . A l though the di s tr i c tc our tdi d nota ddr e s s e a c h of the m i t i ga t i ng fa ct s r ai se d b y R i vera , the di stri ctcourtneed no tst at e s peci fi ca l l y thati thas c o n s id e r e d e a c h fa c to ro rd is c u s s e a c h fa c to rin d iv id u a lly . U n ite d S ta te s v . S c o tt, 42 6 F . 3d 13 24 , 13 29 (11th C i r. 20 05 ). AF F I RME D.