FAA-S-8081-15A

FAA-S-8081-15A

U.S. Department

of Transportation

Federal Aviation

Administration

PRIVATE PILOT

Practical Test Standards

for

ROTORCRAFT

• HELICOPTER

• GYROPLANE

July 2005

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

Washington, DC 20591
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

PRIVATE PILOT

ROTORCRAFT

Practical Test Standards

2005

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

Washington, DC 20591
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

NOTE

Material in FAA-S-8081-15A will be effective July 1, 2005. All previous

editions of the Private Pilot—Rotorcraft (Helicopter and Gyroplane)

Practical Test Standards will be obsolete as of this date.
FAA-S-8081-15A

FOREWORD

The Private Pilot—Rotorcraft (Helicopter and Gyroplane) Practical Test

Standards (PTS) book has been published by the Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for private pilot certification

practical tests for the rotorcraft category, helicopter and gyroplane

classes. FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners shall conduct

practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and

applicants should find these standards helpful during training and when

preparing for the practical test.

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager

Regulatory Support Division

FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

General Information ........................................................................... 1

Practical Test Standards Concept ..................................................... 2

Practical Test Book Description ......................................................... 2

Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 4

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ......................................... 4

Special Emphasis Areas .................................................................... 5

Private Pilot—Rotorcraft Practical Test Prerequisites ....................... 6

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test .................... 6

Flight Instructor Responsibility .......................................................... 7

Examiner Responsibility .................................................................... 7

Satisfactory Performance .................................................................. 8

Unsatisfactory Performance .............................................................. 8

Letter of Discontinuance .................................................................... 9

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management...................... 9

Single-pilot Resource Management ................................................ 10

Applicant’s Use of Checklists .......................................................... 10

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests ...................................... 10

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .............................................. 11

SECTION 1: PRIVATE PILOT ROTORCRAFT—HELICOPTER

CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 1-i

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: ........................................... 1-iii

TASK VS. SIMUALTION DEVICE CREDIT .................................... 1-v

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ........................... 1-xi

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ...........................1-xiii

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ............................................ 1-1

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................ 1-5

III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS ....................... 1-7

IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS ................................................ 1-9

V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS .............. 1-12

VI PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ..................................... 1-18

VII. NAVIGATION ................................................................... 1-20

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ......................................... 1-22

IX. NIGHT OPERATION ........................................................ 1-26

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ........................................ 1-27

i
FAA-S-8081-15A

SECTION 2: PRIVATE PILOT ROTORCRAFT — GYROPLANE

CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 2-i

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: ........................................... 2-iii

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ............................ 2-v

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST ........................... 2-vii

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ............................................ 2-1

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................ 2-6

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS................................................... 2-8

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS .............. 2-10

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER ....................................... 2-16

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS.......................... 2-17

VII. NAVIGATION ................................................................... 2-19

VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS ...................................... 2-21

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ......................................... 2-22

X. NIGHT OPERATION ........................................................ 2-25

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ........................................ 2-26

ii
1 FAA-S-8081-15A

INTRODUCTION

General Information

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

has developed this practical test book as the standard that shall be used

by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners when conducting private

pilot rotorcraft practical tests. Flight instructors are expected to use this

book when preparing applicants for practical tests. Applicants should be

familiar with this book and refer to these standards during their training.

Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical

test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are

mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as “should”

and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive but not

mandatory.

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by

many industry participants who contributed their time and talent in assisting

with the revision of these practical test standards.

This practical test standard (PTS) book may be purchased from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO),

Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from http://bookstore.gpo.gov. This PTS

is also available for download, in pdf format, from the Flight Standards

Service web site at http://av-info.faa.gov.

This PTS is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal

Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O.

Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. Comments regarding this handbook

should be sent, in e-mail form, to AFS630comments@faa.gov.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2

Practical Test Standards Concept

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 specifies the

areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant

before the issuance of a Private Pilot Certificate or rating. The CFRs

provide the flexibility to permit the FAA to publish practical test standards

containing the AREAS OF OPERATION and specific TASKs in which pilot

competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS

whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety.

Adherence to the provisions of the regulations and the practical test

standards is mandatory for the evaluation of private pilot applicants.

Practical Test Book Description

This test book contains the following Private Pilot Practical Test Standards:

Section 1 Rotorcraft—Helicopter

Section 2 Rotorcraft—Gyroplane

The Private Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test Standards includes the AREAS

OF OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial Private Pilot

Certificate and for the addition of category and/or class ratings to that

certificate.

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner may conduct

the practical test in any sequence that will result in a complete and efficient

test; however, the ground portion of the practical test shall be

accomplished before the flight portion.

TASKs are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION.

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the AREA

OF OPERATION or TASK.

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK.

Descriptions of TASKS are not included in the standards because this

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference.

Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced

publications.
3 FAA-S-8081-15A

These practical test standards are based on the following references.

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance,

Rebuilding, and Alteration

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors

14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards and Certification

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

NTSB Part 830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents and

Incidents

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook

FAA-H-8083-21 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards Required by 14

CFR parts 61,63, and 65

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors and

Ground Instructors

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight into Terrain

Awareness

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance

AC 90-87 Helicopter Dynamic Rollover

AC 90-95 Unanticipated Right Yaw in Helicopters

AC 91-13 Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft

AC 91-32 Safety In and Around Helicopters

AC 91-42 Hazards of Rotating Propeller and Helicopter Rotor

Blades

AC 91-55 Reduction of Electrical System Failures following

Aircraft Engine Starting

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

AFD Airport Facility Directory

FDC NOTAMs National Flight Data Center Notices to Airmen

OTHER Pertinent Pilot’s Operating Handbooks

FAA-Approved Flight Manuals

Navigation Charts

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes:

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do;

2. the conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and

3. the acceptable standards of performance.
FAA-S-8081-15A 4

Abbreviations

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making

AIRMETS Airman’s Meteorological Information

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service

ATS Air Traffic Service

CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain

CRM Cockpit Resource Management

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FSDO Flight Standards District Office

GPO Government Printing Office

NAVAID Navigation Aid

NDB Non-directional Beacon (Automatic Direction Finder)

NOTAM Notice to Airmen

NWS National Weather Service

PTS Practical Test Standard

SIGMETS Significant Meteorological Advisory

Use of the Practical Test Standards

The Private Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test Standards are designed to

evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill.

The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance with

the appropriate practical test standards and the policies set forth in this

INTRODUCTION. Private pilot applicants shall be evaluated in ALL TASKS

included in each AREA OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test

standard, unless otherwise noted.

An applicant, who holds at least a Private Pilot Certificate seeking an

additional rotorcraft category rating and/or class rating at the private pilot

level shall be evaluated in the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS listed

in the Additional Rating Task Table. At the discretion of the examiner, an

evaluation of the applicant’s competence in the remaining AREAS OF

OPERATION and TASKs may be conducted.

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at the

private level, and the rating table indicates differing required TASKS, the

“least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “ALL” and “NONE” are

indicated for one AREA OF OPERATION, the “NONE” entry applies. If “B”

and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies.

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner shall develop a written

“plan of action” for each practical test. The “plan of action” is a tool, for

the sole use of the examiner, to be used in evaluating the applicant. The

plan of action need not be grammatically correct or in any formal format.

The plan of action must contain all of the required AREAS OF OPERATION

and TASKs and any optional TASKs selected by the examiner.
5 FAA-S-8081-15A

The “plan of action” shall incorporate one or more scenarios that will be

used during the practical test. The examiner should try to include as many

of the TASKs into the scenario portion of the test as possible, but maintain

the flexibility to change due to unexpected situations as they arise and

still result in an efficient and valid test. Any TASK selected for evaluation

during a practical test shall be evaluated in its entirety.

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this book. The examiner

may change the sequence or combine TASKS with similar Objectives to

have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For example Radio

Communications and ATC Light Signals may be combined with Traffic

Patterns. The examiner’s “plan of action” shall include the order and

combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner

that will result in an efficient and valid test.

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance of

simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for

simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions,

both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as

the applicant’s, workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the

procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that

the applicant shall simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas

Examiners shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operation

considered critical to flight safety. Among these are:

1. positive aircraft control;

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying

the aircraft);

3. collision avoidance;

4. wake turbulence avoidance;

5. runway incursion avoidance;

6. CFIT;

7. wire strike avoidance;

8. ADM and risk management;

9. checklist usage; and

10. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test.

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each TASK,

they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the practical

test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate to the complete

situation.
FAA-S-8081-15A 6

Private Pilot—Rotorcraft Practical Test Prerequisites

An applicant for the Private Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test is required by

14 CFR part 61 to:

1. be at least 17 years of age;

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language Skill Standards;

3. have passed the appropriate private pilot knowledge test since the

beginning of the 24th month before the month in which practical

test is completed have satisfactorily accomplished the required

training and obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed;

4. possess at least a current Third-Class Medical Certificate;

5. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that

the applicant has received and logged training time within 60 days

preceding the date of application; and

6. also have an endorsement certifying that the applicant has

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which

the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test.

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

The private pilot rotorcraft applicant is required by 14 CFR part 61, section

61.45 to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the practical

test. This section further requires that the aircraft must:

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, class,

and type, if applicable, for the certificate and/or rating for which the

applicant is applying;

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided in 14 CFR

part 61, section 61.45(c) and (e); and

3. be capable of performing ALL AREAS OF OPERATION appropriate

to the rating sought and have no operating limitations, which

prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF OPERATION, required for

the practical test.
7 FAA-S-8081-15A

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the private

pilot applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter areas,

procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKS within the appropriate

Private Pilot Practical Test Standard.

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe,

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge,

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students.

Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the applicant is able to

perform safely as a private pilot and is competent to pass the required

practical test.

Throughout the applicant’s training, the flight instructor is responsible for

emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision

avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance procedures. These areas are

covered, in part, in AC 90-48, Pilot’s Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the

Aeronautical Information Manual.

Examiner1 Responsibility

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for determining

that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill

of each TASK within the appropriate practical test standard. Since there

is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” portions of the practical

test, this becomes an ongoing process throughout the test. Oral

questioning, to determine the applicant’s knowledge of TASKs and related

safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, especially during

the flight portion of the practical test.

Examiners shall test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant’s

correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout

the practical test.

If the examiner determines that a TASK is incomplete, or the outcome

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, or

portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest of

fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of

an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification process.

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall

evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance

procedures.

1 The word “examiner” denotes either the FAA inspector or FAA designated pilot

examiner who conducts the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-15A 8

Satisfactory Performance

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is based

on the applicant’s ability to safely:

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION for

the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards;

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome of

each TASK performed never seriously in doubt;

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the

approved standards;

4. demonstrate sound judgment and ADM; and

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type certificated

for single-pilot operations.

Unsatisfactory Performance

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the associated

AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical test is failed.

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when the

failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible for the

certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY with the

consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the applicant is

entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated

TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the retest and at the

discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated including those

previously passed.

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification

are:

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires corrective

intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight.

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to

clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives.

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are

exceeded.
9 FAA-S-8081-15A

When a disapproval notice is issued, the examiner shall record the

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of AREA OF OPERATIONS

and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard appropriate to the practical

test conducted. The AREA(s) OF OPERATION/TASK(s) not tested and

the number of practical test failures shall also be recorded. If the applicant

fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of

Disapproval shall indicate the associated TASK. i.e.: AREA OF

OPERATION VIII, Settling-With-Power, failure to use proper collision

avoidance procedures.

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than unsatisfactory

performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness) FAA Form 8700-1,

Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if applicable, the Airman

Knowledge Test Report, shall be returned to the applicant. The examiner

at that time shall prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance to

the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the AREAS

OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs of the practical test that

were successfully completed. The applicant shall be advised that the Letter

of Discontinuance shall be presented to the examiner when the practical

test is resumed, and made part of the certification file.

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management

The examiner shall evaluate the applicant’s ability throughout the practical

test to use good aeronautical decision-making procedures in order to

evaluate risks. The examiner shall accomplish this requirement by

developing scenarios that incorporate as many TASKs as possible to

evaluate the applicants risk management in making safe aeronautical

decisions. For example, the examiner may develop a scenario that

incorporates weather decisions and performance planning.

The applicant’s ability to utilize all the assets available in making a risk

analysis to determine the safest course of action is essential for satisfactory

performance. The scenarios should be realistic and within the capabilities

of the aircraft used for the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-15A 10

Single-Pilot Resource Management

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are being

emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “...includes all other

groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in decisions that

are required to operate a flight safely. These groups include, but are not

limited to: dispatchers, weather briefers, maintenance personnel, and air

traffic controllers.” Pilot Resource Management is not a single TASK; it is

a set of skill competencies that must be evident in all TASKs in this practical

test standard as applied to single-pilot operation.

Applicant’s Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an

appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK being

evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist, while

accomplishing the elements of an Objective, would be either unsafe or

impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this case, a review of

the checklist after the elements have been accomplished, would be

appropriate. Division of attention and proper visual scanning should be

considered when using a checklist.

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the

pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate the

applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention

both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner shall cause a realistic

distraction during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the

applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight.
11 FAA-S-8081-15A

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between pilots

of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should be

conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight controls.

A positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls between

pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended.

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or

she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot acknowledges

immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot again

says “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first

pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to verify

that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any doubt as to

who is flying the aircraft.
FAA-S-8081-15A 12
FAA-S-8081-15A

SECTION 1

PRIVATE PILOT

ROTORCRAFT – HELICOPTER

Practical Test Standards
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

CONTENTS: SECTION 1

RATING TASKS TABLE ..................................................................... 1-iii

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT ......................................... 1-v

FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELS ......................................... 1-vii

CHECKLISTS:

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) ........................... 1-xi

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter)..........................1-xiii

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ................................................. 1-1

A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS ................................ 1-1

B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS .............................. 1-1

C. WEATHER INFORMATION ............................................... 1-2

D. CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING .......................... 1-2

E. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM....................................... 1-3

F. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS ............................... 1-3

G. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS.............................................. 1-4

H. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS ............................................... 1-4

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ................................................. 1-5

A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ................................................ 1-5

B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT ................................................ 1-5

C. ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT ......... 1-6

D. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK ............................................. 1-6

III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS ........................... 1-7

A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND

ATC LIGHT SIGNALS ........................................................ 1-7

B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS ........................................................ 1-7

C. AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND

TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING .............. 1-8

IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS ..................................................... 1-9

A. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING............................... 1-9

B. SLOPE OPERATIONS....................................................... 1-9

C. SURFACE TAXI ............................................................... 1-10

D. HOVER TAXI.................................................................... 1-10

E. AIR TAXI .......................................................................... 1-11

1–i
FAA-S-8081-15A

V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS .................. 1-12

A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND

CLIMB .............................................................................. 1-12

B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH..................... 1-13

C. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND

CLIMB .............................................................................. 1-14

D. STEEP APPROACH ........................................................ 1-14

E. ROLLING TAKEOFF ........................................................ 1-15

F. CONFINED AREA OPERATION...................................... 1-15

G. PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS .......................... 1-16

H. SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON

LANDING ......................................................................... 1-16

I. GO-AROUND................................................................... 1-17

VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS.......................................... 1-18

A. RAPID DECELERATION ................................................. 1-18

B. STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION ..................................... 1-18

C. 180° AUTOROTATION..................................................... 1-19

VII. NAVIGATION ........................................................................ 1-20

A. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING ............................. 1-20

B. NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES ....... 1-21

C. DIVERSION ..................................................................... 1-21

D. LOST PROCEDURES ..................................................... 1-21

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .............................................. 1-22

A. POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER ..................................... 1-22

B. POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE .................................... 1-22

C. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS ........... 1-23

D. SETTLING-WITH-POWER .............................................. 1-23

E. LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY .................................... 1-24

F. ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE ................................. 1-24

G. DYNAMIC ROLLOVER .................................................... 1-24

H. GROUND RESONANCE ................................................. 1-25

I. LOW G CONDITIONS ..................................................... 1-25

J. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL

GEAR ............................................................................... 1-25

IX. NIGHT OPERATION ............................................................. 1-26

A. NIGHT PREPARATION ................................................... 1-26

X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................ 1-27

A. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING ............................... 1-27

1–ii
1–iii FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–v FAA-S-8081-15A

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Examiners conducting the Private Pilot Helicopter Practical Tests with simulation devices should consult appropriate documentation to ensure

that the device has been approved for training. The documentation for each device should reflect that the following activities have occurred:

1. The device must be evaluated, determined to meet the appropriate standards, and assigned the appropriate qualification level by

the National Simulator Program Manager. The device must continue to meet qualification standards through continuing evaluations as outlined

in the appropriate AC. For helicopter simulators, AC 120-63 (as amended), Helicopter Simulator Qualification, will be used.

2. The FAA must approve the device for specific TASKs.

3. The device must continue to support the level of student or applicant performance required by this PTS.

NOTE: Users of the following chart are cautioned that use of the chart alone is incomplete. The description and objective of each TASK as

listed in the body of the PTS, including all notes, must also be incorporated for accurate simulation device use.

USE OF CHART

X Creditable.

X1 Creditable only if accomplished in conjunction with a running takeoff or running landing, as

appropriate.

NOTE: 1. The helicopter may be used for all TASKs.

2. Level C simulators may be used as indicated only if the applicant meets established pre-requisite experience requirements.

3. Level A helicopter simulator standards have not been defined.

4. Helicopter flight training devices have not been defined.
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVEL

Areas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D

II. Preflight Procedures

A. Preflight Inspection (Cockpit Only) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Cockpit Management __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

D. Before Takeoff Check __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

III. Airport and Heliport Operations __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Traffic Patterns __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. Airport/Heliport Runway, Heliport, and Taxiway

Signs, Markings, and Lighting Markings and Lighting __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

IV. Hovering Maneuvers

A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Slope Operations __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. Surface Taxi __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

D. Hover Taxi __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

E. Air Taxi __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Normal and Crosswind Approach __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

D. Steep Approach __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

E. Rolling Takeoff __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

F. Confined Area Operations __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

G. Pinnacle/Platform Operations __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

H. Shallow Approach and Running /Roll-On Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

I. Go- Around __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

1–vii FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

1–viii

FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–ix FAA-S-8081-15A

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVEL

Areas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D

VI. Performance Maneuvers

A. Rapid Deceleration __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Straight In Autorotations __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. 180° Autorotation __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

VII. Navigation

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

C. Diversion __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

D. Lost Procedures __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

VIII.Emergency Operations

A. Power Failure at a Hover __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X X

B. Power Failure at Altitude __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X X

C. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X X

D. Settling-With-Power __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X X

E. Low Rotor RPM Recovery __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X X

F. Antitorque System Failure __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

G. Dynamic Rollover __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

H. Ground Resonance

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

I. Low G Conditions __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

J. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

X. Postflight Procedures

A. After Landing and Securing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

__ __

__ __

__ __

__ __

__ __
FAA-S-8081-15A
1–xi FAA-S-8081-15A

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

(HELICOPTER)

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER:

EXAMINER’S NAME _______________________________

LOCATION _______________________________________

DATE/TIME _______________________________________

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections

and AD Compliance

Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved

Helicopter Flight Manual

FCC Station License

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Current Aeronautical Charts

Computer and Plotter

Flight Plan Form

Flight Logs

Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate

Publications

PERSONAL RECORDS

Identification—Photo/Signature ID

Pilot Certificate

Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate

Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if

applicable)

AC Form 8080-2, Airman Written Test Report or

Computer Test Report

Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements

FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)

Examiner’s Fee (if applicable)
FAA-S-8081-15A
1–xiii FAA-S-8081-15A

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

(HELICOPTER)

APPLICANT’S NAME ______________________________

LOCATION _______________________________________

DATE/TIME _______________________________________

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIRMENTS

C. WEATHER INFORMATION

D. CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING

E. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

F. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

G. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

H. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT

C. ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT

D. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK

III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS

A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS

C. AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND

TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING

IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS

A. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING

B. SLOPE OPERATIONS

C. SURFACE TAXI

D. HOVER TAXI

E. AIR TAXI
FAA-S-8081-15A

V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH

C. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

D. STEEP APPROACH

E. ROLLING TAKEOFF

F. CONFINED AREA OPERATIONS

G. PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS

H. SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING

ROLL-ON LANDING

I. GO-AROUND

VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

A. RAPID DECELERATION

B. STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION

C. 180° AUTOROTATION

VII. NAVIGATION

A. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING

B. RADIO NAVIGATION AND RADAR SERVICES

C. DIVERSION

D. LOST PROCEDURES

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

A. POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER

B. POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE

C. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

D. SETTLING-WITH-POWER

E. LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY

F. ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE

G. DYNAMIC ROLLOVER

H. GROUND RESONANCE

I. LOW G CONDITIONS

J. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR

IX. NIGHT OPERATION

A. NIGHT PREPARATION

X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING

1–xiv
1–1 FAA-S-8081-15A

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario based on real time weather

to evaluate TASKs C, D, E, and F.

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21,

FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining—

a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent flight

experience requirements.

b. medical certificate class and duration.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and

POH/RFM.

c. weight and balance data and equipment list.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining—

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the

helicopter with inoperative instruments and equipment with and

without an MEL.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness directives.

b. compliance records.

c. maintenance/inspection requirements.

d. appropriate record keeping.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–2

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84;

FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather information

by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various

sources with emphasis on—

a. METAR, TAF, and FA.

b. surface analysis chart.

c. radar summary chart.

d. winds and temperature aloft chart.

e. significant weather prognostic charts.

f. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather

information.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84;

Navigation Charts; Airport/Facility Directory; FDC NOTAMs; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight

planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR crosscountry flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the day

of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel stop,

based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or cargo

loads using real-time weather.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features,

including discussion of wire strike avoidance techniques.

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.

5. Selects the most favorable altitudes, considering weather conditions

and equipment capabilities.

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.

7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and communication

frequencies.

8. Applies pertinent information from FDC NOTAMs, AFD, and other

flight publications.

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan.
1–3 FAA-S-8081-15A

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums—for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes—their operating rules, pilot certification, and

helicopter equipment requirements for the following—

a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.

F. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21; AC 61-84, AC 90-95;

POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding

limitations.

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed weight

and center of gravity is within the helicopter’s operating limitations

and if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during

all phases of flight.

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, tables,

and data.

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the helicopter’s

performance.

5. Understands the cause and effects of retreating blade stall.

6. Considers circumstances when operating within “avoid areas” of

the height/velocity diagram.

7. Is aware of situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque

effectiveness (unanticipated yaw).
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–4

G. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the operation of systems on the helicopter provided

for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems:

1. Primary flight controls, trim, and, if installed, stability control.

2. Powerplant.

3. Main rotor and antitorque.

4. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as applicable.

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.

6. Electrical.

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, if

applicable.

8. Environmental.

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable.

10. Avionics equipment.

H. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least

three (3) of the following—

a. hypoxia.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

h. dehydration.

2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter drugs.

3. The effects of excesses nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or

passenger in flight.
1–5 FAA-S-8081-15A

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection.

This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for

checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

2. Inspects the helicopter with reference to an appropriate checklist.

3. Verifies the helicopter is in condition for safe flight.

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related cockpit management

procedures.

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they

are readily available.

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses,

doors, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–6

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC 91-55;

POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to correct engine starting

procedures. This shall include the use of an external power source,

starting under various atmospheric conditions.

2. Positions the helicopter properly considering structures, surface

conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and

property.

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.

D. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and

how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the helicopter properly considering other aircraft, wind,

and surface conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit.

4. Ensures that the engine temperature and pressure are suitable

for run-up and takeoff.

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the

helicopter is in safe operating condition.

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances

departure, and emergency procedures.

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior

to takeoff.
1–7 FAA-S-8081-15A

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND HELIPORT

OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

REFERENCE: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications

and ATC light signals.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and compiles with instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. This

shall include procedures at airports and heliports with and without

operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision

avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic or avoids the flow of

fixed wing aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet and the appropriate

airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–8

C. TASK: AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND

TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING.

REFERENCE: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/heliport

runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion

avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/heliport, runway, and

taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
1–9 FAA-S-8081-15A

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: HOVERING MANEUVERS

A. TASK: VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a vertical takeoff to

a hover and landing from a hover.

2. Ascends to and maintains recommended hovering altitude, and

descends from recommended hovering altitude in headwind,

crosswind, and tailwind conditions.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Establishes recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude

within 10 feet of the surface; if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.

5. Avoids conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque

effectiveness.

6. Maintains position within 4 feet of a designated point, with no aft

movement.

7. Descends vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown

point.

8. Maintains specified heading, ±10°.

B. TASK: SLOPE OPERATIONS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to slope operations.

2. Selects a suitable slope, approach, and direction considering wind

effect, obstacles, dynamic rollover avoidance, and discharging

passengers.

3. Properly moves toward the slope.

4. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

5. Makes a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid on the

sloping surface.

6. Maintains positive control while lowering the downslope skid or

landing gear to touchdown.

7. Recognizes if slope is too steep and abandons the operation prior

to reaching cyclic control stops.

8. Makes a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover

parallel to the slope.

9. Properly moves away from the slope.

10. Maintains the specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–10

C. TASK: SURFACE TAXI

NOTE: This TASK applies to only helicopters equipped with wheel-type

landing gear.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to surface taxiing.

2. Surface taxies the helicopter from one point to another under

headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, with the landing gear

in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to

loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.

3. Properly uses cyclic, collective, and brakes to control speed while

taxiing.

4. Properly positions nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or

unlocked.

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

6. Maintains appropriate speed for existing conditions.

7. Stops helicopter within 4 feet of a specified point.

8. Maintains specified track within ±4 feet.

D. TASK: HOVER TAXI

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to hover taxiing.

2. Hover taxies over specified ground references, demonstrating

forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Maintains specified ground track within ±4 feet of a designated

reference on straight legs.

5. Maintains constant rate of turn at pivot points.

6. Maintains position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.

7. Makes a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a

specified heading.

8. Maintains recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude

within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
1–11 FAA-S-8081-15A

E. TASK: AIR TAXI

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; AIM; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to air taxiing.

2. Air taxies the helicopter from one point to another under headwind

and crosswind conditions.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Selects a safe airspeed and altitude.

5. Maintains desired track and groundspeed in headwind and

crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss

of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.

6. Maintains a specified altitude, ±10 feet.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–12

V. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND

GO-AROUNDS

NOTE: The examiner shall select task A, B, C, D, E, and at least one

other TASK.

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge

of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing;

otherwise a crosswind takeoff and climb shall be demonstrated.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind

takeoff and climb, including factors affecting performance, to include

height/velocity information.

2. Establishes a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized hover,

prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Accelerates to manufacturer’s recommended climb airspeed, ±10

knots.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.
1–13 FAA-S-8081-15A

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge

of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing;

otherwise a crosswind approach and landing shall be demonstrated.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind

approach.

2. Considers performance data, to include height/velocity information.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.

4. Selects a suitable touchdown point.

5. Establishes and maintains the normal approach angle, and proper

rate of closure.

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

7. Avoids situations that may result in settling-with-power.

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

9. Arrives over the touchdown point, on the surface or at a stabilized

hover, ±4 feet.

10. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–14

C. TASK: MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a maximum

performance takeoff and climb.

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and

factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include

height/velocity information.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Utilizes proper control technique to initiate takeoff and forward climb

airspeed attitude.

5. Utilizes the maximum available takeoff power.

6. After clearing all obstacles, transitions to normal climb attitude,

airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

D. TASK: STEEP APPROACH

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach.

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and

factors related to a steep approach, to include height/velocity

information.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.

4. Selects a suitable termination point.

5. Establishes and maintains a steep approach angle, (15° maximum)

and proper rate of closure.

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power.

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

9. Arrives at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized

hover, ±4 feet.
1–15 FAA-S-8081-15A

E. TASK: ROLLING TAKEOFF

NOTE: This TASK applies only to helicopters equipped with wheel-type

landing gear.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rolling takeoff.

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and

factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include

height/velocity information.

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

4. Utilizes proper preparatory technique prior to initiating takeoff.

5. Initiates forward accelerating movement on the surface.

6. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.

F. TASK: CONFINED AREA OPERATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to confined area

operations.

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance.

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure

path.

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle

and rate of closure to the termination point.

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power.

7. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow.

8. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance.

9. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff

and climb performance under various conditions.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1-16

G. TASK: PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pinnacle/platform 

operations. 

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance. 

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and 

departure path. 

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach 

angle and rate of closure to the termination point. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow. 

7. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance. 

8. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting 

takeoff and climb performance under various conditions. 

H. TASK: SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON 

LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to shallow approach 

and running/roll-on landing, including the purpose of the 

maneuver, factors affecting performance data, to include 

height/velocity information, and effect of landing surface texture. 

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

3. Considers obstacles and other hazards. 

4. Establishes and maintains the recommended approach angle, 

and proper rate of closure. 

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Maintains a speed that will take advantage of effective 

translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel 

with the ground track. 

8. Utilizes proper flight control technique after surface contact. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
1-17 FAA-S-8081-15A 

I. TASK: GO-AROUND 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and 

when it is necessary. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Establishes proper control input to stop descent and initiate 

climb. 

5. Retracts the landing gear, if applicable, after a positive rate-ofclimb indication. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, 10 knots. 

8. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–18

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and at least one other TASK.

A. TASK: RAPID DECELERATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rapid deceleration.

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits.

3. Properly coordinates all controls throughout the execution of the

maneuver.

4. Maintains an altitude that will permit safe clearance between the

tail boom and the surface.

5. Decelerates and terminates in a stationary hover at the

recommended hovering altitude.

6. Maintains heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.

B. TASK: STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a straight in

autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover.

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area.

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point.

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.

6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid

undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a hover.

8. Comes to a hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
1–19 FAA-S-8081-15A

C. TASK: 180° AUTOROTATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 180° autorotation

terminating with a power recovery to a hover.

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area.

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point.

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.

6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid

undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a hover.

8. Comes to a hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–20

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead

reckoning.

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart

symbols.

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeeds, and

elapsed time.

5. Corrects for, and records, the differences between preflight fuel,

groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en

route.

6. Verifies the helicopter’s position within three (3) nautical miles of

the flight planned route.

7. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within five (5) minutes of the

initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate.

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established

heading, ±15°.
1–21 FAA-S-8081-15A

B. TASK: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation Equipment

Operation Manuals; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio navigation and

ATC radar services.

2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation

system.

3. Locates the helicopter’s position using the navigation system.

4. Intercepts and tracks a given course, radial or bearing, as

appropriate.

5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station or waypoint

passage if appropriate.

6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing radar

services.

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings ±15°.

C. TASK: DIVERSION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or heliport and route.

3. Promptly, diverts toward the alternate airport or heliport.

4. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time,

and fuel consumption to the alternate airport or heliport.

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established

heading, ±15°.

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

2. Selects an appropriate course of action.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmark(s).

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility

for assistance as appropriate.

6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or fuel

exhaustion is impending.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–22

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY

OPERATIONS

NOTE: TASKs F through I are knowledge only TASKs.

A. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at a

hover.

2. Determines that the terrain below the aircraft is suitable for a safe

touchdown.

3. Performs autorotation from a stationary or forward hover into the

wind at recommended altitude, and RPM, while maintaining

established heading, ±10°.

4. Touches down with minimum sideward movement, and no rearward

movement.

5. Exhibits orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.

B. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

NOTE: Simulated power failure at altitude shall be given over areas where

actual touchdowns can safely be completed in the event of an actual

powerplant failure.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at

altitude.

2. Establishes an autorotation and selects a suitable landing area.

3. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.

4. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.

5. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid

undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.

6. Terminates approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude when

directed by the examiner.
1–23 FAA-S-8081-15A

C. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications,

and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the helicopter

used for the practical test, in at least three of the following areas—

a. engine/oil and fuel.

b. hydraulic, if applicable.

c. electrical.

d. carburetor or induction icing.

e. smoke and/or fire.

f. flight control/trim.

g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if

applicable.

h. rotor and/or antitorque.

i. various frequency vibrations and the possible components that

may be affected.

j. any other emergency unique to the helicopter flown.

D. TASK: SETTLING-WITH-POWER

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to settling-with-power.

2. Selects an altitude that will allow recovery to be completed no

less than 1,000 feet AGL or, if applicable, the manufacturer’s

recommended altitude, whichever is higher.

3. Promptly recognizes and recovers at the onset of settling-withpower.

4. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–24

E. TASK: LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Appropriate Manufacturer’s Safety

Notices; POH/RFM.

NOTE: The examiner may test the applicant orally on this TASK if

helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that cannot be disabled.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low rotor RPM

recovery, including the combination of conditions that are likely to

lead to this situation.

2. Detects the development of low rotor RPM and initiates prompt

corrective action.

3. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure.

F. TASK: ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anit-torque system

failure by describing:

a. The aerodynamic indications of the types of possible system

failure(s) associate with the helicopter.

b. Manufacturers recommended procedures for dealing with the

different types of system(s) failure

G. TASK: DYNAMIC ROLLOVER

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the aerodynamics of

dynamic rollover.

2. Understands the interaction between the antitorque thrust,

crosswind, slope, CG, cyclic, and collective pitch control in

contributing to dynamic rollover.

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs, landings, and

slope operations.
1–25 FAA-S-8081-15A

H. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the- elements related to a fully articulated

rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance.

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground resonance.

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs and landings.

I. TASK: LOW G CONDITIONS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions.

2. Understands and recognizes the situations that contribute to low G

conditions.

3. Explains proper recovery procedures.

J. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment

and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter environment

encountered during flight.

2. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the

helicopter.
FAA-S-8081-15A 1–26

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATION

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to night operations by explaining:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

2. Lighting systems identifying airports/helioports, runways, taxiways

and obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting.

3. Helicopter lighting systems.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.
1–27 FAA-S-8081-15A

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING AND SECURING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, parking

and securing procedures

2. Minimizes the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during hovering.

3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby

persons and property.

4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown.

5. Completes the appropriate checklist.

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the

aircraft.

FAA-S-8081-15A

SECTION 2

PRIVATE PILOT

ROTORCRAFT – GYROPLANE

Practical Test Standards
FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A

CONTENTS: SECTION 2

RATING TASKS TABLE ..................................................................... 2-iii

CHECKLISTS:

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane)............................ 2-v

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane) ......................... 2-vii

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ................................................. 2-1

A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS ................................ 2-1

B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS .............................. 2-1

C. WEATHER INFORMATION ............................................... 2-2

D. CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING .......................... 2-2

E. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM....................................... 2-3

F. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS ............................... 2-3

G. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS.............................................. 2-4

H. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS ............................................... 2-5

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ................................................. 2-6

A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ................................................ 2-6

B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT ................................................ 2-6

C. ENGINE STARTING .......................................................... 2-6

D. TAXIING ............................................................................. 2-7

E. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK ............................................. 2-7

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS ....................................................... 2-8

A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND

ATC LIGHT SIGNALS ........................................................ 2-8

B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS ........................................................ 2-8

C. AIRPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING ............................ 2-9

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS .................. 2-10

A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB.... 2-10

B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND

LANDING ......................................................................... 2-11

C. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB .............................. 2-12

D. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING ..................... 2-13

E. SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB ........................... 2-14

F. SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING .................. 2-15

G. GO-AROUND ................................................................... 2-15

2–i
FAA-S-8081-15A

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER ............................................ 2-16

A. STEEP TURNS ................................................................ 2-16

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS............................... 2-17

A. RECTANGULAR COURSE.............................................. 2-17

B. S-TURNS ......................................................................... 2-17

C. TURNS AROUND A POINT ............................................. 2-18

VII. NAVIGATION ........................................................................ 2-19

A. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING ............................. 2-19

B. NAVIGATION AND RADAR SERVICES .......................... 2-19

C. DIVERSION ..................................................................... 2-20

D. LOST PROCEDURES ..................................................... 2-20

VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS .......................................... 2-21

A. MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS ........................ 2-21

B. HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY................ 2-21

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .............................................. 2-22

A. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING ................... 2-22

B. LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE

OF ATTACK...................................................................... 2-22

C. GROUND RESONANCE ................................................. 2-23

D. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS ........... 2-23

E. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL

GEAR ............................................................................... 2-24

X. NIGHT OPERATION ............................................................. 2-25

A. NIGHT PREPARATION ................................................... 2-25

XI. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................ 2-26

A. AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING ............ 2-26

2–ii
2–iii FAA-S-8081-15A
FAA-S-8081-15A
2–v FAA-S-8081-15A

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

(GYROPLANE)

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER:

EXAMINER’S NAME _______________________________

LOCATION _______________________________________

DATE/TIME _______________________________________

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections

and AD Compliance

Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved

Helicopter Flight Manual

FCC Station License

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Current Aeronautical Charts

Computer and Plotter

Flight Plan Form

Flight Logs

Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate

Publications

PERSONAL RECORDS

Identification - Photo/Signature ID

Pilot Certificate

Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate

Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if

applicable)

AC Form 8080-2, Airman Written Test Report, or

Computer Test Report

Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements

FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)

Examiner’s Fee (if applicable)
FAA-S-8081-15A
2–vii FAA-S-8081-15A

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

(GYROPLANE)

APPLICANT’S NAME ______________________________

LOCATION _______________________________________

DATE/TIME _______________________________________

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

C. WEATHER INFORMATION

D. CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING

E. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

F. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

G. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

H. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT

C. ENGINE STARTING

D. TAXIING

E. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK

III. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS

C. AIRPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING

C. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

D. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING

E. SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

F. SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING

G. GO-AROUND
FAA-S-8081-15A

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

A. STEEP TURNS

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

A. RECTANGULAR COURSE

B. S-TURNS

C. TURNS AROUND A POINT

VII. NAVIGATION

A. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING

B. RADIO NAVIGATION AND RADAR SERVICES

C. DIVERSION

D. LOST PROCEDURES

 VIII. FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS

A. MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS

B. HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

A. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING

B. LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE OF

ATTACK

C. GROUND RESONANCE

D. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

E. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR

X. NIGHT OPERATIONS

A. NIGHT PREPARATION

XI. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING

1–xiv
2–1 FAA-S-8081-15A

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario based on real time weather

to evaluate TASKs C, D, E, and F.

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21,

FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining—

a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent flight

experience requirements.

b. medical certificate class and duration.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and

gyroplane flight manual.

b. weight and balance data and equipment list.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining—

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the

gyroplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with and

without an MEL.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness directives.

b. compliance records.

c. maintenance/inspection requirements.

d. appropriate record keeping.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–2

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84;

FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather information

by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various

sources with emphasis on—

a. METAR, TAF, and FA.

b. surface analysis chart.

c. radar summary chart.

d. winds and temperature aloft chart.

e. significant weather prognostic charts.

f. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather

information.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84;

Navigation Charts; Airport/Facility Directory; NOTAMS; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight

planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR crosscountry flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the day

of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel stop

necessary, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage,

and/or cargo loads using real-time weather.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3 Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features,

including discussion of wire strike avoidance techniques.

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.

5. Selects the most favorable altitudes, considering weather conditions

and equipment capabilities.

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.

7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and communication

frequencies.

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, AFD, and other flight

publications.

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan.
2–3 FAA-S-8081-15A

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums – for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes – their boundaries, pilot certification, and gyroplane

equipment requirements for the following—

a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.

F. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21; AC 61-84;

Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding

limitations.

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed weight

and center of gravity is within the gyroplane’s operating limitations

and if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during

all phases of flight.

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, tables,

and data.

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the gyroplane’s

performance.

5. Understands the cause, effect, and avoidance procedure of “power

pushover,” and “pilot induced oscillation.”
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–4

G. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the operation of systems on the gyroplane provided

for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems

selected by the examiner.

1. Primary flight controls and trim.

2. Powerplant.

3. Rotor, including prerotator/spin-up control, if applicable.

4. Landing gear, brakes, and steering.

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.

6. Electrical.

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, if

applicable.

8. Environmental, if applicable.

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable.

10. Avionics equipment.
2–5 FAA-S-8081-15A

H. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least

three of the following—

a. hypoxia.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

2. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-the-counter drugs.

3. The effects of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives upon a pilot

and/or passenger in flight.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–6

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight inspection

including which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking

each item, and how to detect possible defects.

2. Inspects the gyroplane with reference to an appropriate checklist.

3. Verifies that the gyroplane is in condition for safe flight.

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-32; FAA-H-8083-21;

Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit management

procedures.

2. Ensures all loose items in the aircraft are secured.

3. Organizes and arranges material and equipment in an efficient

manner so they are readily available.

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses,

doors, propeller and rotor blade avoidance, and emergency

procedures.

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING

REFERENCES: AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC 91-55; FAA-H-8083-21,

FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine

starting procedures. This shall include the use of an external power

source, starting under various atmospheric conditions, awareness

of other persons and property during start, and the effects of using

incorrect starting procedures.

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering structures, surface

conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and

property.

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.
2–7 FAA-S-8081-15A

D. TASK: TAXIING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane

Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended taxi

procedures, including rotor blade management and the effect of

wind during taxiing.

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the gyroplane begins

moving.

3. Properly positions rotor blades while taxiing.

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.

5. Complies with airport markings, signals, ATC clearances, and

instructions.

6. Avoids other aircraft and hazards.

7. Properly positions the gyroplane for runup considering other aircraft,

surface conditions, and if applicable, existing wind conditions.

E. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight

Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff

check. This shall include the reasons for checking the items and

how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering other aircraft, surface

conditions, and wind conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the aircraft.

4. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the

gyroplane is in safe operating condition.

5. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds and expected takeoff

distance.

6. Describes takeoff emergency procedures, to include low speed/

high speed blade flap situations.

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior

to taxiing into takeoff position.

8. Utilizes proper rotor spin-up procedure.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–8

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications

and ATC light signals.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. This

shall include procedures at airports with and without operating

control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance,

wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate

airspeed, ±5 knots.
2–9 FAA-S-8081-15A

C. TASK: AIRPORT MARKINGS AND LIGHTING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport runway and

taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport runway and taxiway signs,

markings, and lighting.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–10

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS,

AND GO-AROUNDS

NOTE: If the gyroplane provided for the test is not capable of safely

performing soft field or short field maneuvers the applicant may be tested

orally on their knowledge of the basic procedures.

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge

of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and

crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff

procedures. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind

conditions.

2. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM.

3. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position, and aligns the

gyroplane with takeoff path.

4. Advances the throttle as required.

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on the

surface.

6. Attains the proper lift-off attitude, and airspeed.

7. Accelerates to appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots.

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets

climb power.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

10. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

11. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
2–11 FAA-S-8081-15A

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND

LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge

of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind

approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and

selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5

knots.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

flare and touchdown

8. Touches down smoothly, beyond and within 200 feet of a specified

point with no appreciable drift, and with the longitudinal axis aligned

with the intended landing path.

9. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–12

C. TASK: SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field takeoff

and climb.

2. Determines and utilizes best takeoff procedure based on the

capabilities of this gyroplane and current conditions.

3. Positions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and to

maximize lift as quickly as possible.

4. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM.

5. Clears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed

consistent with safety, without stopping, while advancing the throttle

smoothly to takeoff power.

6. Maintains proper directional control.

7. Lifts off and remains in ground effect while accelerating to

recommended climb airspeed.

8. Maintains recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots.

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets

climb power.

10. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

11. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

12. Completes the appropriate checklist.
2–13 FAA-S-8081-15A

D. TASK: SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field approach

and landing.

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles, and

selects the most suitable touchdown area.

3. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5

knots.

4. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

flare and touchdown.

7. Touches down smoothly, at a minimum descent rate and airspeed

with no appreciable drift, and with the longitudinal axis aligned with

the intended landing path.

8. Completes the appropriate checklist
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–14

E. TASK: SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to short-field takeoff

and maximum performance climb

2. Properly positions controls.

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM.

4. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the

gyroplane for maximum utilization of available takeoff area.

5. Advances the throttle as required.

6. Climbs at manufacturer’s recommended airspeed, or in its absence

at Vx, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared, or until the gyroplane is

at least 50 feet above the surface.

7. After clearing the obstacle, accelerates to appropriate airspeed, ±5

knots.

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets

climb power.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

10. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

11. Completes the appropriate checklist.
2–15 FAA-S-8081-15A

F. TASK: SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to short-field approach

and landing.

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.

3. Selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5

knots.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake

turbulence.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

flare and touchdown.

8. Touches down smoothly, with little or no float beyond and within

100 feet of a specified point with no appreciable drift, and with the

longitudinal axis aligned with the intended landing path.

9. Applies brakes, as necessary, to stop in the shortest distance

consistent with safety.

10. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.

G. TASK: GO-AROUND

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and when

it is necessary.

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.

3. Applies appropriate power and establishes a climb at the appropriate

airspeed, ±5 knots.

4. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets

climb power.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if

necessary.

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–16

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

TASK: STEEP TURNS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

2. Selects a safe altitude.

3. Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed or if one is

not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.

4. Smoothly enters a coordinated steep 360° turn with a 40° bank.

5. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the

examiner.

6. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation.

7. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, bank,

±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°.
2–17 FAA-S-8081-15A

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE

MANEUVERS

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK.

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

2. Selects an appropriate ground reference based on wind direction

and emergency landing areas.

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to

1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from

the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and-turning

flight to maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular

reference area.

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground track

while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.

B. TASK: S-TURNS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects an appropriate reference line based on wind direction and

emergency landing areas.

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300

meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius

turn on each side of the selected reference line.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference

line.

6. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground track

while maintaining coordinated flight.

7. Maintains the entry altitude throughout the maneuver, ±100 feet;

maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–18

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

2. Selects an appropriate reference point based on wind direction and

emergency landing areas.

3. Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet

(180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the

reference point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius

circle around the selected reference point with a bank of

approximately 40° at the steepest point in the turn.

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground track

while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
2–19 FAA-S-8081-15A

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead

reckoning.

2. Correctly flies to at least the first planned checkpoint to demonstrate

accuracy in computations.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeed, and

elapsed time.

5. Verifies the gyroplane’s position within 3 nautical miles of the flight

planned route at all times.

6. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within 5 minutes of the initial or

revised ETA and provides a destination estimate.

7. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established

heading, ±15°.

B. TASK: NAVIGATION AND RADAR SERVICES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation Equipment

Operation Manuals.

NOTE: If the gyroplane is not equipped with electronic navigation aids,

competency will be evaluated through oral testing.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation and ATC

radar services.

2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation

system.

3. Locates the gyroplane’s position using the navigation system.

4. Intercepts and tracks a given course radial or bearing, as

appropriate.

5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station or waypoint

passage, if appropriate.

6 Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing ATC radar

services.

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–20

C. TASK: DIVERSION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route.

3. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time,

and fuel consumption to the alternate airport.

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established

heading, ±15°.

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

2. Selects an appropriate course of action.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading, and climbs if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses available navigation aids and/or contacts an appropriate facility

for assistance, if gyroplane is radio equipped.

6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or fuel

exhaustion is impending.
2–21 FAA-S-8081-15A

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: FLIGHT AT SLOW

AIRSPEEDS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight characteristics

and controllability associated with maneuvering during slow flight.

2. Selects a safe altitude.

3. Establishes and maintains a specified airspeed +5, -0, in straightand-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents as directed.

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet.

5. Maintains the specified heading during straight flight, ±10°.

6. Maintains specified bank angle, ±10°, during turning flight.

7. Rolls out on specified headings, ±10°.

8. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation.

B. TASK: HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND RECOVERY

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerodynamic factors

associated with a high rate of descent and recovery and how this

relates to actual approach and landing situations.

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no

lower than 500 feet AGL.

3. Establishes an airspeed that will induce a high rate of descent in

high or low power settings.

4. Recognizes the onset of a high rate of descent.

5. Promptly recovers with or without power as directed.

6. Maintains the specified heading, ±10°.

7. Resumes normal cruising flight.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–22

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

NOTE: TASK B may be tested orally at the discretion of the examiner.

TASKs C through E are knowledge only items.

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach

and landing with a power failure.

2. Establishes and maintains the appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots.

3. Selects a suitable landing area, considering the possibility of an

actual forced landing.

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area,

considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstacles, and other factors.

5. Attempts to determine the reason for the simulated malfunction, if

time permits.

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.

B. TASK: LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE OF

ATTACK

REFERENCE: Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lift-off at low airspeed

and high angle of attack, including combination of conditions, which

are likely to lead to this situation.

2. Properly positions the controls.

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM, if applicable.

4. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the

gyroplane with the takeoff path.

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on the

surface.

6. Rotates for takeoff prior to normal lift-off airspeed with high angle

of attack.

7. Detects the development of a low airspeed and high angle of attack,

and initiates prompt corrective action.

8. Accelerates to recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots.
2–23 FAA-S-8081-15A

C. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully articulated

rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance.

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground resonance.

3. Explains preventive flight techniques used during takeoffs and

landings.

D. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

REFERENCE: Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications,

and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the gyroplane

used for the practical test, in at least three of the following areas—

a. engine/oil and fuel.

b. hydraulic, if applicable.

c. electrical.

d. carburetor or induction icing.

e. smoke and/or fire.

f. flight control/trim.

g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if

applicable.

h. rotor and/or propeller.

i. any other emergency unique to the gyroplane flown.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–24

E. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment

and survival gear appropriate to the gyroplane and environment

encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate equipment that

should be aboard the gyroplane.
2–25 FAA-S-8081-15A

X. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATION

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM, Gyroplane

Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to night operations by explaining:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and

obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting.

3. Airplane lighting systems.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.
FAA-S-8081-15A 2–26

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane

Flight Manual.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking

and securing procedures.

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating to

an appropriate speed.

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings

and lighting.

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby

persons and property.

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown.

6. Completes the appropriate checklist.

7. Conducts an appropriate post flight inspection and secures the

aircraft.
2–27 FAA-S-8081-15A