1 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

RICHARD N. TERRY, 

Plaintiff

v. 

FIRST MERIT NATIONAL BANK,

Defendant

Civil Action No. 14-1197 (CKK) 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

 (December 17, 2014) 

Richard N. Terry, proceeding pro se, brought this action against Defendant First Merit 

National Bank.1 While the precise nature of the claims in this action is far from clear from the 

pleadings, Plaintiff appears to challenge actions surrounding the foreclosure of a property in 

Ohio. See Compl. at 2. Presently before the Court is Defendant’s [13] Motion to Dismiss. Upon 

consideration of the pleadings,2

 the relevant legal authorities, and the record as a whole, the 

Court GRANTS Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss. The Court concludes that, under the RookerFeldman doctrine, it does not have jurisdiction over this action effectively challenging a statecourt final judgment. The Court also concludes that it has no personal jurisdiction over 

Defendant. Because the Court has no jurisdiction over any of the claims in this action, the Court 

 

1 The docket lists Defendant as “First Merit National Bank,” based on the name that Plaintiff 

used in his Complaint. See Compl. at 1. This appears to be the incorrect name for Defendant. 

Defendant refers to itself as FirstMerit Bank, N.A. In any event, there does not appear to be any 

dispute as to Defendant’s actual identity. 

2

 The Court’s consideration has focused on the following documents: 

• Original Civil Complaint, ECF No. 1 (“Compl.”); 

• Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 13 (“Mot. to Dismiss”); and 

• Affidavits in Support of Plaintiff’s Claims, ECF No. 16 (“Pl.’s Aff.”).

In an exercise of its discretion, the Court finds that holding oral argument in this action would 

not be of assistance in rendering a decision. See LCvR 7(f).
2 

does not address any of Defendant’s arguments pertaining to the merits. The Court DISMISSES 

this action in its entirety.

I. BACKGROUND

A. Factual Background 

The facts of this case are far from clear. At core, this action appears to pertain to the 

foreclosure of a property in Ohio state court. See Compl at 2 (“The matter in general seeks to 

adequately challenge the foreclosure on a mortgage to the following described property in 

Franklin County, Ohio”). Plaintiff describes the property in question as “Hunter’s Ridge Sec. 8 

Lot 507.” That description refers to the property with the address, 652 Lytton Ct., Gahanna OH 

43230, which is also Plaintiff’s address. See Compl. at 32, Exhibit “A” to Planned Unit 

Development Rider. The property was subject to foreclosure in the Franklin County, Ohio, Court 

of Common Pleas, case number 13 CV 006485, with a judgment of foreclosure issued June 9, 

2014. See Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. C. Because the Court concludes, below, that it has no jurisdiction 

over any of the claims in this action and because Plaintiff has not conveyed them in a clear 

fashion, it is not necessary to recite the facts further at this point. Insofar as the facts of this case 

are essential to resolving the jurisdictional questions before the Court, the Court presents them 

below. 

B. Procedural History

On July 16, 2014, Plaintiff filed this action, proceeding pro se. On August 11, 2014, 

Plaintiff filed a [10] Motion for Immediate Default Judgment. On August 14, 2014, the Court 

denied Defendant’s default judgment motion and granted Defendant’s [6] Motion to Extend 

Time to Respond to Plaintiff’s Complaint. Defendant complied with the deadline established by 

the Court’s order, filing their [13] Motion to Dismiss on September 8, 2014. The Court advised 
3 

Plaintiff that, if Plaintiff did not respond to Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, the Court may grant 

the motion as conceded. The Court also advised Plaintiff that, because the motion is supported 

by facts outside of the complaint, the Court may consider it as a motion for summary judgment 

and, therefore, Plaintiff is required to rebut Defendant’s affidavits with other affidavits or other 

sworn statements.3 In response, Plaintiff filed an document titled “Affidavits in Support of 

Plaintiff’s Claims,” ECF No. 16 (“Pl.’s Aff.”), through which Plaintiff opposes the Motion to 

Dismiss.4 Defendant did not file a reply brief. 

II. LEGAL STANDARD

Defendant moves to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure 12(b), on the grounds that the complaint fails to state a claim, that the Court lacks 

jurisdiction over the claims against them, and that the United States District Court for the District 

of Columbia is an improper venue for this action.5

 Moreover, the Court is obligated to assure 

 

3 Ultimately, there is no need to treat the motion as one for summary judgment because the Court 

concludes that it has no jurisdiction over this action. See Winston & Strawn LLP v. Law Firm of 

John Arthur Eaves, No. 1:13-CV-01940 (JDB), — F. Supp. 2d —, 2014 WL 2598748, at *2 

(D.D.C. June 11, 2014); see also infra, note 5. 

4 Plaintiff attempted to amend his complaint by filing an amended complaint without an 

accompanying motion. The Court denied leave to file that amended complaint because it did not 

comport with the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a). The Court informed 

Plaintiff that 

if Plaintiff seeks to file an amended complaint, Plaintiff must file a motion 

requesting to do so with the Court. That motion shall include a statement 

indicating whether the opposing party consents to the amendment and shall 

include a copy of the proposed amended complaint. In the motion, Plaintiff must 

also explain the reasons for seeking to amend the complaint, including a 

description of any of the original claims that [are] now being dropped, any new 

claims that are now being added, or any claims being modified.

Order, dated November 17, 2014, ECF No. 17. Plaintiff has not subsequently filed an 

amended complaint. 

5

 “Generally, a court must convert a motion under Rule 12 into a Rule 56 motion for summary 

judgment when it considers matters outside the pleadings. A court need not do so, however, if 
4 

itself of its jurisdiction “whether or not the parties challenge it.” Wagner v. Fed. Election 

Comm’n, 717 F.3d 1007, 1010 (D.C. Cir. 2013); accord Fogo De Chao (Holdings) Inc. v. U.S. 

Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 769 F.3d 1127, 1138 (D.C. Cir. 2014). Because the Court concludes 

that it does not have jurisdiction over the claims against Defendant, the Court does not address 

Defendant’s arguments pertaining to the merits of this action. 

“Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction” and can adjudicate only those cases 

entrusted to them by the Constitution or an Act of Congress. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. 

of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). The Court begins with the presumption that it does not have 

subject matter jurisdiction over a case. Id. To survive a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 

12(b)(1), a plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that the Court has subject matter jurisdiction 

over its claim. Moms Against Mercury v. FDA, 483 F.3d 824, 828 (D.C. Cir. 2007). In 

determining whether there is jurisdiction, the Court may “consider the complaint supplemented 

by undisputed facts evidenced in the record, or the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts 

plus the court’s resolution of disputed facts.” Coal. for Underground Expansion v. Mineta, 333 

F.3d 193, 198 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (citations omitted). 

When personal jurisdiction is challenged under Rule 12(b)(2), the plaintiff bears the 

burden of establishing a factual basis for asserting personal jurisdiction over a defendant. See

Crane v. N.Y. Zoological Soc’y, 894 F.2d 454, 456 (D.C. Cir. 1990). To establish that personal 

jurisdiction exists, the plaintiff cannot rest on bare allegations or conclusory statements but 

“must allege specific acts connecting [each] defendant with the forum.” Second Amendment 

 

the outside material is considered to determine jurisdictional questions.” Winston & Strawn LLP, 

2014 WL 2598748, at *2 (citations omitted). Because all of the questions that the Court 

considers are jurisdictional, the Court need not convert the motion to dismiss into one for 

summary judgment even inasmuch as the Court considers limited materials outside of the 

pleadings. 
5 

Found. v. U.S. Conference of Mayors, 274 F.3d 521, 524 (D.C. Cir. 2001) (internal quotation 

marks omitted). “To make such a showing, the plaintiff is not required to adduce evidence that 

meets the standards of admissibility reserved for summary judgment and trial[;]” but rather, the 

plaintiff may “rest her arguments on the pleadings, ‘bolstered by such affidavits and other 

written materials as [she] can otherwise obtain.’ ” Urban Inst. v. FINCON Servs., 681 F. Supp. 

2d 41, 44 (D.D.C. 2010) (quoting Mwani v. bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1, 7 (D.C. Cir. 2005)). In the 

case of a pro se plaintiff, although the Court is required to construe the pro se complaint 

liberally, see Howerton v. Ogletree, 466 F. Supp. 2d 182, 183 (D.D.C. 2006), “[p]ro se plaintiffs 

are not freed from the requirement to plead an adequate jurisdictional basis for their claims.” 

Gomez v. Aragon, 705 F. Supp. 2d 21, 23 (D.D.C. 2010) (citation omitted). 

III. DISCUSSION

As noted above, Defendant moves to dismiss arguing that this Court lacks jurisdiction 

over Plaintiff’s claims against it. It also moves to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which 

relief can be granted and for improper venue. In addition, insofar as Defendant has not raised 

other bases on which to dismiss this action with respect to the absence of subject matter 

jurisdiction,6 this Court must raise the issue sua sponte. See NetworkIP, LLC v. FCC, 548 F.3d 

116, 120 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (“Indeed, [federal courts] must raise [the issue], because while 

arguments in favor of subject matter jurisdiction can be waived by inattention or deliberate 

choice, [federal courts] are forbidden—as [ ] court[s] of limited jurisdiction—from acting 

 

6

 Perhaps responding to a lack of clarity in the Complaint, Defendant offers a variety of 

jurisdictional arguments for dismissing the claims without clearly delineating those arguments. 

See Mot. to Dismiss at 9-10. Defendant argues that there is no diversity jurisdiction or federal 

question jurisdiction, and that abstention is warranted pursuant to Burford v. Sun Oil Co., 319 

U.S. 315 (1943). Id. Defendant also suggests that the Court has no personal jurisdiction over 

Defendant, without framing the argument as explicitly as it might have. See id. at 10, ¶ 29. 
6 

beyond [their] authority, and ‘no action of the parties can confer subject-matter jurisdiction upon 

a federal court.’ ” Id. (quoting Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 339 F.3d 970, 971 (D.C. Cir.

2003)). 

Generally, courts must evaluate a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter or personal 

jurisdiction prior to considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. See, e.g., 

Feinstein v. Resolution Trust Corp., 942 F.2d 34, 40 (1st Cir. 1991) (“[C]ourts should ordinarily 

satisfy jurisdictional concerns before addressing the merits of a civil action.”); Combs v. Bakker,

886 F.3d 673, 675 (4th Cir. 1989) (finding the district court’s decision to first address 

defendants’ Rule 12(b)(6) motion “awkward” and that the “proper course of review” required 

defendants’ Rule 12(b)(2) motion to be considered first). Although this rule need not be 

mechanically applied, as this Court has previously observed: 

Not only does logic compel initial consideration of the issue of jurisdiction over 

the defendant—a court without such jurisdiction lacks power to dismiss a 

complaint for failure to state a claim—but the functional difference that flows 

from the ground selected for dismissal likewise compels considering jurisdictional 

and venue questions first. A dismissal for lack of jurisdiction or improper venue 

does not preclude a subsequent action in an appropriate forum, whereas a 

dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted can be 

granted with prejudice. 

IMark Marketing Servs., LLC v. Geoplast S.p.A, 753 F. Supp. 2d 141, 149 (D.D.C. 2010) 

(quoting Arrowsmith v. United Press Int’l, 320 F.2d 219, 221 (2d Cir. 1963)). In view of these 

considerations, and because this Court concludes that it plainly lacks both subject matter 

jurisdiction over all claims in this action and personal jurisdiction over Defendant, the Court 

does not reach Defendant’s remaining arguments for dismissal. The Court addresses subject 

matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction in turn. 
7 

A. Rooker-Feldman Doctrine Deprives the Court of Jurisdiction

Among other arguments for dismissal, Defendant argues that the Court ought to abstain 

from assuming jurisdiction in this case because “Federal courts have the discretion to abstain 

from considering state law matters under consideration by state courts when sound public policy 

requires abstention.” Mot. to Dismiss at 6 (citing Burford v. Sun Oil Co., 319 U.S. 315 (1943)). 

But the Court is faced with a more fundamental barrier to asserting jurisdiction: because all

claims in this action either challenge an Ohio state court foreclosure decree or are inextricably 

intertwined with that state-court judgment, the Court concludes that the Rooker-Feldman

doctrine deprives the court of subject matter jurisdiction over the claims in this action. Even 

though Defendant did not raise this specific jurisdictional argument,7 the Court is “obligated to 

assure [itself] that [subject matter] jurisdiction exists.” Fogo De Chao, 769 F.3d at 1138. 

Under 28 U.S.C. § 1257, the United States Supreme Court has jurisdiction to review 

“[f]inal judgments or decrees rendered by the highest court of a State.” 28 U.S.C. § 1257. The 

 

7

 The Court notes that in a case related to this action, Terry v. DeWine, 14-cv-1112 (CKK), 

which the Court resolves today as well, the Court issued an Order, dated October 14, 2014, ECF 

No. 15, in which the Court informed plaintiff Lue Cindy Terry that it “question[ed] whether it 

has jurisdiction over the claims against DeWine because of ... the doctrine barring collateral 

attacks on state-court judgments in federal court,” citing the Rooker-Feldman doctrine as one 

reason that the Court may lack subject matter jurisdiction in that collateral attack on a state-court 

foreclosure judgment. The Court ordered plaintiff to show cause “that this Court has jurisdiction 

against DeWine notwithstanding the cases cited above.” Plaintiff’s response in that case did not 

provide any legal arguments about why the cited doctrines did not bar jurisdiction. While the 

plaintiffs in the two cases are not identical, the links between two cases are sufficient to put 

Plaintiff in this case on notice. First, the cases are closely related. See Compl. at 1 (“This case is 

directly related to PENDING Case No. 1:14-CV-01112-CKK”). The cases pertain to the same 

foreclosure judgment of the same property in the same action in the Franklin County, Ohio, 

Court of Common Pleas (Docket No. 13 CV 006485). Second, the parties are closely linked. 

They share an address, and the complaint in Terry v. DeWine refers to Richard Terry, the 

Plaintiff in this case, as if he were a plaintiff in that case. See Terry v. Dewine, 14-cv-1112, 

Compl., ECF No. 1, at 1. Although the Court further infers that the two Plaintiffs are spouses or 

relatives, that inference is not necessary to the Court’s conclusion that Plaintiff in this case is on 

notice that the Court may dismiss this case on the basis of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 

the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. 
8 

Rooker-Feldman doctrine, a judge-made corollary of section 1257, makes this jurisdiction 

exclusive. Lance v. Dennis, 546 U.S. 459, 463 (2006) (quoting Dist. of Columbia Court of 

Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 482 (1983)). The Rooker-Feldman doctrine “prevents the 

lower federal courts from exercising jurisdiction over cases brought by ‘state-court losers’ 

challenging ‘state-court judgments rendered before the district court proceedings commenced.’ ” 

Id. at 460 (citations omitted). “The doctrine applies only in ‘limited circumstances,’ where a 

party in effect seeks to take an appeal of an unfavorable state-court decision to a lower federal 

court.” Id. at 466 (citation omitted). Therefore, the Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars a federal court 

from exercising jurisdiction over a claim only if three criteria are met. See id. at 462. 

First, “[t]he party against whom the doctrine is invoked must have actually been a party 

to the prior state-court judgment.” Id. Here, the prior state-court judgment at issue is the 

foreclosure decree issued against Plaintiff in the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas in the 

case FirstMerit Mortgage Corporation v. Terry, case no. 13 CV 006485. See Compl. at 2; Mot. 

to Dismiss, Ex. at 18-21. Richard N. Terry, plaintiff in this action, and Lue Cindy Terry were the 

defendants in that state-court foreclosure action. See Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. at 18. The first prong 

of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine is satisfied.

Second, “the claim raised in the federal suit must have been actually raised or 

inextricably intertwined with the state-court judgment.” Lance, 546 U.S. at 462. Because it is 

unclear exactly what Plaintiff is claiming in this action, other than generally seeking redress with 

respect to the foreclosure judgment, it is unclear whether Plaintiff actually raised the claims in 

this action in the foreclosure action. But claims are “inextricably intertwined” with a prior statecourt judgment unless their “core” is “independent” of that judgment. See Stanton v. Dist. of 

Columbia Court of Appeals, 127 F.3d 72, 76 (D.C. Cir. 1997); see also Kenmen Eng’g v. City of 
9 

Union, 314 F.3d 468, 476 (10th Cir. 2002) (“[W]e [ask] whether the state-court judgment 

caused, actually and proximately, the injury for which the federal-court plaintiff seeks redress.”). 

Insofar as the Court can make sense of the complaint, Plaintiff’s complaint appears to allege that 

Defendant’s actions with respect to the mortgage in question invalidate the foreclosure decree in 

the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. See Compl. at 2 (“The matter in general seeks to 

adequately challenge the foreclosure on a mortgage to the following described property in 

Franklin County, Ohio”); id. at 6-7 (arguing that fraud by Defendant vitiates the mortgage 

contract and therefore invalidates the foreclosure decree). Far from being “independent” of the 

Franklin County Court judgment, the “core” of Plaintiff’s claims is that the judgment of 

foreclosure was invalid. Indeed, among other relief, he seeks to overturn that judgment. See id. 

Plaintiff’s claims are therefore “inextricably intertwined” with the state-court judgment, 

satisfying the Rooker-Feldman doctrine’s second requirement.

8

The third and final requirement of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine is that “the federal claim 

must not be parallel to the state-court claim.” Lance, 546 U.S. at 462. A federal claim is parallel 

to a state-court claim if it is filed after the state-court claim, but before the state court enters 

judgment. See Exxon Mobil v. Saudi Basic Indus., 544 U.S. 280, 289-91 (2005). Therefore, the 

Rooker-Feldman doctrine deprives a federal court of jurisdiction over a claim only if it was 

brought in federal court after judgment was entered in a state court. Id. In this proceeding, 

Plaintiff “seeks to adequately challenge the foreclosure on a mortgage to the following described 

property in Franklin County, Ohio, and legally described as Hunter’s Ridge Sec. 8 Lot 507.” 

Compl. at 2. The foreclosure decree was entered on June 9, 2014. See Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. at 15 

 

8 Federal claims are independent of state-court judgments when they lodge a federal law 

challenge to a state rule. Stanton, 127 F.3d at 76 (“Applying Rooker-Feldman requires us to draw 

a line between permissible general challenges to rules and impermissible attempts to review 

judgments.”). Plaintiff does not lodge such a challenge here.
10 

(docket of Franklin County Case No. 13 CV 006485).9

 The complaint in this action was filed on 

July 16, 2014 (and signed by Plaintiff the previous day)—several weeks after the Franklin 

County judgment issued. A foreclosure decree is “a final judgment of [an Ohio] state court.” In 

re Hoff, 187 B.R. 190, 193 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1995). Given that Plaintiff filed his complaint in 

this Court after a final judgment was issued in the state-court foreclosure proceeding, which he 

seeks to challenge, the federal court claims are not parallel to the state-court proceeding. 

Defendant’s reference to the “pending State Action” in Ohio state court is not to the contrary. 

While the process of eviction and sale appears to have continued after the filing of this action, 

there is no dispute that the foreclosure judgment itself – “a final judgment of [an Ohio] state 

court” – was entered before this action was filed. In re Hoff, 187 B.R. at 193.This sequence of 

events satisfies the Rooker-Feldman doctrine’s third and final requirement. 

The claims in this action meet all three of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine’s criteria: 

Plaintiff was a party to the state-court foreclosure proceeding, the claims in this action are 

inextricably intertwined with that proceeding (if not actually raised in that proceeding), and this 

action was filed after the state-court final judgment. Accordingly, this Court lacks subject matter 

jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s claims in this action.

B. No Personal Jurisdiction over Defendant

In addition to the other jurisdictional defenses that Defendant raises, Defendant suggests 

that the Court has no personal jurisdiction over it. See id. at 10, ¶ 29 (“Plaintiff has not alleged he 

is a resident of the District of Columbia. Plaintiff has not alleged Defendant has minimum 

 

9

 The Court also confirmed the sequence of events by visiting the public docket of the Franklin 

County Court of Common Pleas. See Franklin County Clerk of Court website, 

http://fcdcfcjs.co.franklin.oh.us/CaseInformationOnline/caseSearch?cu1q93XzzT432wCeXcTB, 

last visited December 16, 2014. 
11 

contacts with the District of Columbia and Defendant claims no contact with the District of 

Columbia.); id. at 10-11, ¶ 31 (“Defendant does not transact business in the District of 

Columbia”); see also Mot. to Dismiss, Aff. of FirstMerit Bank, N.A., ¶¶ 2-3. The Court notes a 

defense of personal jurisdiction could be raised more clearly—particularly because personal 

jurisdiction is waived by a defendant’s failure to raise it. See Buchanan v. Manley, 145 F.3d 386, 

388 (D.C. Cir. 1998). Nonetheless, the Court concludes that Defendant’s motion and 

accompanying affidavit are sufficient to raise this argument for the Court’s consideration. While 

Plaintiff opposed the motion to dismiss through the filing of his Affidavit in Support of 

Plaintiff’s Claims, Plaintiff did not effectively respond to Defendant’s arguments with respect to 

jurisdiction. See generally Pl.’s Aff. Even though Plaintiff’s response includes a section titled 

“Affidavit of Jurisdiction,” it is difficult to make sense of that section, which seems to reflect 

fundamental misunderstandings about the role of jurisdiction in the legal system. See id. at 2 

(“Therefore, defendants do not have sufficient subject matter or territorial jurisdiction to make a 

proper Motion to dismiss the actions of the Plaintiff with this Court.”). In any event, Plaintiff 

provides no arguments why the Court has jurisdiction over his claims against Defendant. 

Nonetheless, the Court addresses the substance of Defendant’s argument rather than treating it as 

conceded in the interest of thoroughness. 

To determine whether it may exercise jurisdiction over a particular defendant, a court in 

this district must engage in a two-part inquiry. First, the Court must determine that the relevant 

District of Columbia statutes authorize either general jurisdiction, D.C. Code § 13-423, or 

specific jurisdiction, D.C. Code § 13-423. See GTE New Media Servs., Inc. v. BellSouth Corp.,

199 F.3d 1343, 1347 (D.C. Cir. 2000); see also Edmond v. United States Postal Serv. Gen. 

Counsel, 949 F.2d 415, 424 (D.C. Cir. 1991) (even when subject matter jurisdiction is predicated 
12 

on a federal question, plaintiffs must rely on the D.C. long-arm statute to assert personal 

jurisdiction over out-of-district defendants). If a defendant’s contacts within the forum are 

“continuous and systematic,” a court may exercise general jurisdiction over a defendant with 

respect to a suit arising out of any subject matter unrelated to the defendant’s activities within the 

forum. See Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 415-16 (1984). A 

court may exercise specific jurisdiction to entertain controversies based on acts of a defendant 

that “touch and concern the forum.” Kopff v. Battaglia, 425 F. Supp. 2d 76, 81 (D.D.C. 2006) 

(citing Steinberg v. Int’l Criminal Police Org., 672 F.2d 927, 928 (D.C. Cir. 1981)). Second, the 

court must find that its exercise of jurisdiction comports with the requirements of constitutional 

due process. See GTE New Media Servs., 199 F.3d at 1347. 

General jurisdiction allows a court to adjudicate any claims brought against a defendant. 

See Steinberg v. Int’l Criminal Police Org., 672 F.2d at 929. The D.C. Code grants a District of 

Columbia court general jurisdiction over a person who is “domiciled in, organized under the 

laws of, or maintain his or its principal place of business in, the District of Columbia.” D.C. 

Code § 13-422. But Defendant’s principal place of business is in Ohio, and Defendant has no 

contacts with the District of Columbia. Mot. to Dismiss at 5, 10; see also Aff. of FirstMerit 

Bank, N.A., at 1. Because Defendant is a federally chartered bank,10 it does not have any state of 

incorporation. See Am. Nat. Ins. Co. v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., 893 F. Supp. 2d 218, 230 

(D.D.C. 2012). “ ‘[T]he State closest analogically to the State of incorporation of an ordinary 

 

10 Even if the “N.A” in Defendant’s corporate name, FirstMerit Bank, N.A., was not sufficient to 

indicate that Defendant is a federally chartered bank, as it does, the Court takes judicial notice of 

the list of national banks provided by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. See “List of 

National Banks & Federal Branches and Agencies, as of 11/30/2014,” located on website of the 

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, http://www.occ.gov/topics/licensing/national-banklists/index-active-bank-lists.html, last visited December 16, 2014 (listing FirstMerit bank and 

noting that it is based in Akron, Ohio). 
13 

business is the State in which the federally chartered bank has its main office or maintains its 

principal place of business.’ ” Id. (quoting Atherton v. F.D.I.C., 519 U.S. 213, 225 (1997). The 

state in which Defendant has its main office and principal place of business is Ohio, not the 

District of Columbia. See Aff. of FirstMerit Bank, N.A. at 1; supra note 10. Indeed, Plaintiff 

does not allege that Defendant conducts any business in the District of Columbia. Defendant is 

accordingly not subject to general jurisdiction under section 13-422. 

Specific jurisdiction arises where a defendant engages in certain kinds of conduct 

enumerated in the District’s long-arm statute. 11 See D.C. Code § 13-423(a). A court with 

specific jurisdiction may only adjudicate those claims that arise out of the conduct that triggered 

its jurisdiction. Id. § 13-423(b). Plaintiff does not specifically allege that Defendant engaged in 

any of the conduct listed in section 13-423(a). Indeed, there is no connection to the District of 

Columbia – of any sort – alleged. Moreover, Defendant disclaims any contact with the District of 

Columbia. See Mot. to Dismiss at 10. Because Plaintiff failed to allege any conduct satisfying

any of the prongs of section 13-423(a), this Court lacks specific jurisdiction over Defendant. 

Even if the Court concluded that the statutory provisions of the D.C. Code supported 

jurisdiction, this Court could not exercise jurisdiction unless it comported with the requirements 

 

11 The D.C. long-arm statute provides that a District of Columbia court may exercise personal 

jurisdiction over a person as to a claim for relief arising from the person’s (1) transacting any 

business in the District of Columbia; (2) contracting to supply services in the District of 

Columbia; (3) causing tortious injury in the District of Columbia by an act or omission in the 

District of Columbia; (4) causing tortious injury in the District of Columbia by an act or 

omission outside the District of Columbia if he regularly does or solicits business, engages in any 

other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed, 

or services rendered, in the District of Columbia; (5) having an interest in, using, or possessing 

real property in the District of Columbia; (6) contracting to insure or act as surety for or on any 

person, property, or risk, contract, obligation, or agreement located, executed, or to be performed 

within the District of Columbia at the time of the contracting, unless the parties otherwise 

provide in writing; or (7) marital or parent and child relationship in the District of Columbia 

(subject to certain enumerated conditions). D.C. Code § 13-423. 
14 

of due process. The Court concludes that it would not comport with due process. This 

determination turns on whether a defendant’s “minimum contacts” with the District of Columbia 

establish that “the maintenance of the suit does not offend traditional notions of fair play and 

substantial justice.” Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945) (internal citation and 

quotation marks omitted). Such minimum contacts must arise from some act by which the 

defendant “purposefully avails” himself of the privilege of conducting activities within the 

District of Columbia, invoking the “benefits and protections of its laws.” Asahi Metal Indus. Co. 

v. Super. Ct. of Cal., Solano Cty., 480 U.S. 102, 109 (1987). Put differently, the court “must 

insure that the defendant’s conduct and connection with the forum ‘are such that he should 

reasonably anticipate being hauled into court there.’ ” Marshall v. Labor & Indus., State of 

Washington, 89 F. Supp. 2d 4, 9 (D.D.C. 2000) (citing World–Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. 

Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980)). Because Plaintiff does not allege that Defendant engaged 

in any conduct whatsoever in the District of Columbia, there is nothing to suggest that Defendant 

has purposefully availed itself of the protections of D.C. law. See Asahi Metal Indus. Co., 480 

U.S. at 109. Nothing about the underlying events, relating to a foreclosure proceeding in Ohio, 

would lead this Ohio bank to expect that foreclosing on a property in Ohio would open them to 

suit in a D.C. federal court.

In sum, Plaintiff has failed to allege facts that would allow this Court to exercise personal 

jurisdiction over Defendant. As a result, this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over Defendant, 

and the Court will dismiss the claims against Defendant pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure Rule 12(b)(2). 

Because the Court concludes that all claims against Defendant must be dismissed because 

of the absence of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to the Rooker-Feldman doctrine and 
15 

because the Court lacks personal jurisdiction over Defendant, the Court does not reach other 

merits-based arguments or jurisdictional bases for dismissing the claims against Defendant, 

including the argument that there is neither diversity nor federal question jurisdiction over this 

action. 

V. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Defendant’s [13] Motion to Dismiss is GRANTED. The 

Court concludes that it does not have subject matter jurisdiction over the claims in this action as 

a result of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine and that it does not have personal jurisdiction over 

Defendant. Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES this action in its entirety. An appropriate Order 

accompanies this Memorandum Opinion. 

Dated: December 17, 2014 

/s/

COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY 

United States District Judge