# Patent

## Title
Semiconductor integrated circuit device

## Abstract

The present invention provides a novel semiconductor integrated circuit device equipped with memory circuits, high-speed memories and large memory capacity memory circuits, which enables speeding up and facilitation of timing settings. The semiconductor integrated circuit device is provided with first amplifier circuits; which include first MOSFETs of first conductivity type, which have gates provided for a plurality of bit lines to which memory cells are respectively connected, and which are respectively maintained in an off state under precharge voltages supplied to the bit lines, as read circuits of the memory cells determined as to whether memory currents flow according to the operation of selecting word lines and memory information; and which are respectively brought to operating states in association with select signals for the bit lines, and also provided with a second amplifier circuit including; a plurality of second MOSFETs of second conductivity type, which have gates respectively supplied with a plurality of amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits and which are connected in parallel configurations; and which forms an amplified signal corresponding to the amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/734,249 filed Dec. 15, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,795,368 which is a Divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/339,339 filed Jan. 10, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,707,751. Priority is claimed based on U.S. Ser. No. 10/734,249 filed Dec. 15, 2003 which claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 10/339,339 filed Jan. 10, 2003, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-020222 filed on Jan. 29, 2002.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device, and to a technology effective for application to a large-scale integrated circuit provided with a memory circuit which performs a high-speed read operation.
One example of a static memory cell provided with a write port and a read port has been disclosed in Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 8(1996)-129891 (corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,414).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
While the above-described memory cell having the read-only port is suited for a high-speed operation, a differential circuit is generally used as an amplifier circuit for sensing a read signal thereof. With micro-fabrication of each device according to semiconductor technology developments, a reduction in source or power supply voltage has been put forward. However, an improvement in offset voltage of a differential sense amplifier is not capable of coping with the reduction in the power supply voltage. It is expected that it will be advantageous to take a configuration for amplifying the read signal by means of an inverter circuit.
Since, however, an inverter-amplified circuit is not operated until the potential at each bit line exceeds a logical threshold value of an inverter, a circuit delay is large. Substituting a dynamic circuit for the inverter yields an improvement in circuit delay. However, the mere application of the dynamic circuit to an SRAM having a hierarchical bit line structure will cause a high possibility that a timing hazard of an internal circuit, i.e., a malfunction will be produced with respect to variations in manufacture. Or an excessive margin is needed to avoid the malfunction, thus causing a possibility that frequency performance of the circuit will be rate-controlled.
An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device equipped with a memory circuit, which enables speeding up and facilitation of timing settings. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel semiconductor integrated circuit device provided with a high-speed memory and a large storage capacity memory circuit. The above, other objects, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.
A summary of a typical one of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be described in brief as follows: There are provided first amplifier circuits; which include first MOSFETs of first conductivity type which have gates provided for a plurality of bit lines to which memory cells are respectively connected and which are respectively maintained in an off state under precharge voltages supplied to the bit lines, as read circuits of the memory cells determined as to whether memory currents flow according to the operation of selecting word lines and memory information; and which are respectively brought to operating states in association with select signals for the bit lines, and there is also provided a second amplifier circuit including; a plurality of second MOSFETs of second conductivity type, which have gates respectively supplied with a plurality of amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits and which are connected in parallel configurations; and which forms an amplified signal corresponding to the amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of part of a memory circuit mounted in a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of the remaining part of the memory circuit mounted in the semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall circuit diagram showing a combination of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a timing chart for describing one example of operation of the memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a read path employed in the memory circuit according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of a memory cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an overall block diagram depicting one embodiment of the memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an overall layout diagram showing one embodiment of the memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a layout diagram of one embodiment of a central portion of FIG. 8, which is shown in a developed form;
FIG. 10 is a layout diagram of one embodiment of the central portion of FIG. 8, which is illustrated in the developed form;
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of a memory circuit mounted in a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a configurational diagram illustrating a further embodiment of a memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a configurational diagram depicting a still further embodiment of a memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an overall configurational diagram showing one embodiment of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an overall configurational diagram illustrating another embodiment of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram depicting another embodiment of a local amplifier employed in a memory circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a further embodiment of a local amplifier employed in the memory circuit according to the present invention; and
FIG. 18 is a configurational diagram illustrating one example of an amplifier circuit discussed in advance of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A circuit diagram of one embodiment of a memory circuit mounted in a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A memory array unit and local amplifiers provided for bit lines are illustratively shown in FIG. 1. An output circuit including a main amplifier for amplifying signals outputted from the local amplifiers referred to above is illustratively shown in FIG. 2. The memory circuit according to the present embodiment constitutes a high-speed RAM macro mounted in a large-scale integrated circuit having a microcomputer function to be described later.
As memory cells MCs corresponding to a bit line at the left end, of a plurality of memory cells MCs disposed in a matrix form at points where a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines intersect respectively, are illustratively shown as representatives, two-port memory cells having eight MOSFETs are used. Namely, as the memory cell MC at the upper left end of the same drawing is illustrated as typical, the memory cell MC has a two-port configuration wherein a latch circuit in which the inputs and outputs of two CMOS inverter circuits comprising a P channel type load MOSFETMP and an N channel type drive MOSFETMD are cross-connected, is used as a storage or memory unit, and write and read paths are respectively provided for the memory unit.
The write path comprises a pair of MOSFETMTs for address selection, which is provided between a pair of input/output nodes of the latch circuit, and complementary bit lines for writing. The read path comprises an N channel type MOSFETMN 2 having a gate to which an information voltage at one storage or memory node of the latch circuit is applied, and a source supplied with a circuit's ground potential, and an address selecting MOSFETMN 1 provided between the drain of the MOSFETMN 2 and a read bit line BBU0. The gates of the pair of MOSFETMTs constituting the write path are connected to their corresponding write word line MWWD0, and the gate of the MOSFETMN 1 constituting the read path is connected to its corresponding read word line MWD0.
A bit line precharge circuit BPC comprising a P channel type MOSFE which receives a timing signal YEQ therein, is provided for the read bit line BB0U. A read signal on the bit line BB0U is amplified by its corresponding local amplifier (or sense amplifier) LAMP. The local amplifier LAMP is made up of an inverting amplifier circuit which also shares the use of a column selection circuit. Namely, the signal on the bit line BB0U is transferred to the gate of a P channel type amplifying MOSFETMP 2, and a P channel type MOSFETMP 1 and an N channel type MOSFETMN 3 both switch-controlled by a column select signal YR0_N are provided for the drain and source of such a MOSFETMP 2.
When the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 is brought to an on state by the column select signal YR0_N, the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 constitutes a load element of the MOSFETMP 2 used as an amplifying element. The P channel type MOSFETMP 1 is used as a switch used to supply an operating voltage. A low level latch circuit made up of an inverter circuit and an N channel type MOSFET is provided at the drain output of the amplifying MOSFETMP 2.
In the present embodiment, although not restricted in particular, the bit lines are disposed up and down in the form divided for the local amplifiers LAMPs for the purpose of circuit's high integration. In the same drawing, the bit lines BB0U through BB3U of these, which are disposed on the upper side, are illustratively shown as representatives, whereas the bit lines BB0D through BB3D thereof disposed on the lower side are shown as merely parts with their memory cell units and precharge circuits being omitted therefrom. In order to cause the local amplifier LAMP to perform signal sensing of the vertical pair of bit lines BB0U and BB0D, the amplifying MOSFETMP 2 and MOSFETMP 3 are connected in a parallel configuration, and the bit lines BB0U and BB0D are connected to their gates.
Thus, when the local amplifier LAMP is shared between the bit line pair BB0U and BB0D divided up and down, the substantial length of each bit line can be reduced to half and the parasitic capacity or the like of each bit line can be also reduced to half. Therefore, this becomes beneficial to high-speed reading. In the present configuration, the corresponding word line of either one of the memory array on the upper side and the memory array on the lower side is selected.
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of pieces of signals corresponding to column selection circuits, which are outputted from the local amplifiers LAMPs, are brought together or complied and inputted to a main amplifier MA of an output circuit DOC. When any one of four bit lines is selected according to the four column select signals YR0_N through YR3_N as in the present embodiment, for example, output signals (nodes A0 through A3) of four local amplifiers LAMPs corresponding to it are transferred to the gates of N channel type amplifying MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7. These amplifying MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7 are connected in a parallel configuration. A P channel type load MOSFETMP 4 is provided at the drains of the amplifying MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7, whereas an N channel type MOSFETMN 8 used as a power switch for supplying a circuit's ground potential is provided at their sources.
A latch circuit for retaining a high level, which comprises an inverter circuit and a P channel type MOSFET, is provided at an output node B for the commonly-connected drains of the amplifying MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7. A signal at an output node C of the inverter circuit constituting the latch circuit is transmitted to a D-type flip-flop circuit DFF. The P channel type MOSFETMP 4 and N channel type MOSFETMN 8 for controlling the operations of the D-type flip-flop circuit DFF and the main amplifier MA are respectively supplied with a timing signal YEQ2. An output signal is transmitted from an output q of the flip-flop circuit DFF to a data terminal DQ0. If the RAM macro according to the present embodiment is capable of performing reading in units of 32 bits, for example, then the memory array unit, the local amplifier and output circuit are provided as 32 sets.
An overall circuit diagram showing a combination of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. 3. In the present embodiment, a memory unit (or memory block) corresponding to one data bit is shown. In one memory unit, one of four bit lines BB0 through BB3 is selected according to its corresponding one of the four column select signals YR0_N through YR3_N. In this case, the bit lines are divided and disposed in a distributed form up and down, and only a word line corresponding to any one of the bit lines is selected. Therefore, a one-bit column address is used to select the vertical word lines.
When data bits are made up of 32 bits, for example, the memory unit or memory block is provided thirty two. These 32 memory units or memory blocks are disposed side by side in a word line extending direction. Therefore, the word lines are respectively commonly connected to these memory units or memory blocks.
In the memory circuit employed in the present embodiment, each word line takes a pulse-driven system synchronized with the rising edge of a clock. As described above, the word lines are operated with respect to only one of the upper and lower arrays. Thus, one of the bit lines divided up and down is selected. Each local sense amplifier LAMP provided for a local bit line corresponding to a selected word line is made up of a block type domino circuit comprising a P channel type MOSFET. A clock of the P block type domino circuit is inputted with the negative-polarity signal YR0_N (where N: negative polarity (negative)) of the column select signals.
The respective signals are transferred to a subsequent-stage global sense amplifier (main amplifier MA) in association with respective outputs (nodes A) of the local sense amplifiers LAMP. The global sense amplifier MA comprises an N block type domino circuit made up of an N channel type MOSFET. A clock of the N block type domino circuit is supplied with a positive-polarity pulse YEQ2 of an input CK. A signal outputted from the global sense amplifier MA is transferred to a flip-flop circuit DFF for performing data latch, through a global bit line (node C).
A timing chart for describing one example of operation of the memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. A description herein is made assuming that a word line MWD0 of read word lines MWDx (where x: numbers) is selected. The operation is based on the following premise. When bit lines BBxU/D are in non-operation, they are maintained at high levels by bit line precharge circuits (precharge signal YEQ=low level). Simultaneously when the read word line MWD0 is turned on (brought to a selected state), the precharge signal YWQ performs the operation of turning off each bit line (bringing it to a high level). Simultaneously when the read word line MWD0 is turned off, the precharge signal YEQ performs the operation of turning on each bit line (bringing it to a low level). Since word lines MWWDx are used for writing, they will be not mentioned in the present invention.
Since the word lines other than the selected word line MWD0 respectively remain at a low level (in a non-selected state), only the bit lines BBxU on the upper side of the memory array are capable of obtaining read signals from memory cells, and the bit lines BBxD on the lower side thereof are held at a high level (in a precharge state).
With the operation of selection of the word line MWD0, the following read signal is obtained at the bit lines BBxU. If the MOSFETMN 2 are held in an on state in the memory cells according to memory information, then the bit lines BBxU change from a high to a low levels with the states of turning on of the selected MOSFETMN 1 by a high level of the word line MWD0. When such a read signal of low level is transmitted to the bit lines BBxU, the P channel type MOSFETMP 2 of the local amplifiers are respectively brought to an on state. On the other hand, since the bit lines BBxD on the lower side remain at a precharge voltage, their corresponding P channel type MOSFETMP 3 whose gates are supplied with it, remain in an off state.
If the MOSFETMN 2 are held off according to the memory information in the memory cells, then memory current paths are not formed even if the MOSFETMN 1 selected by the high level of the word line MWD0 are brought to the on state. Therefore, the bit lines BBxU are maintained at the high level. When such a read signal of high level is transmitted thereto, their corresponding P channel type MOSFETMP 2 of the local amplifiers result in an off state. Accordingly, both MP 2 and MP 3 are held off.
When the column select signal YR0_N is now selected (high level→low level), the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 of the corresponding local amplifier LAMP is brought to an off state and the P channel type MOSFETMP 1 is brought to an on state. When the bit line BB0U changes from the high to low levels according to the read signal from the corresponding memory cell, the P channel type MOSFETMP 2 is turned on as described above, so that its output node A changes from a low level to a high level. Since the P channel type MOSFETMP 2 and the N channel type MOSFETMP 3 are both held off when the bit line BB0U remains at a high level according to the read signal from the memory cell, the output node A is held low in level.
Since the N channel type MOSFETs (each corresponding to the MN3) of the local amplifiers LAMPs, which receive the non-selected column select signals YR1_N through YR3_N at their gates, are always held on, the outputs of the local amplifiers LAMPs are held low in level.
In the present embodiment, either one of the bit lines BBxU/D and column select signals YRx_N, which serve as inputs of the local amplifiers LAMPs, may start to operate firstly. Namely, the P channel type MOSFETMP 1 are brought to an on state and the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 are brought to an off state, according to the low level of the timing signal YEQ. Afterwards, the read signals based on the memory information from the memory cells may be transmitted through the bit lines BBxD/U. Alternatively, the read signals are transmitted to the bit lines BBxU/D according to selecting operations of the word lines MWDx, and the on state/off state of the P channel type MOSFETMP 2/MP3 have been determined. Thereafter, the P channel type MOSFETMP 1 may be held on and the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 may be held off. As an alternative to it, they may be simultaneous.
In the main amplifier provided in the output circuit of the following stage, the N channel type MOSFETMN 5 through MOSFETMN 7 corresponding to non-select bit lines BB1 through BB3, of the N channel type MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7 respectively maintain gate potentials held in an off state because the signals outputted from the local amplifiers LAMPs corresponding thereto are low in level.
Next, when an activation signal YEQ2 changes from a low level to a high level, the P channel MOSFETMP 4 is brought to an off state and the N channel type MOSFETMN 8 is brought to an on state. When the signal read onto the bit line BB0U changes from the high level to the low level as described above, the output signal of the local amplifier LAMP, i.e., the potential at the gate of the N channel type MOSFETMN 4 of the main amplifier MA changes from a low to a high levels. Thus, the MOSFETMN 4 and MOSFETMN 8 change the output node B from the high to low levels to thereby bring the global bit line (node C) to a low level through the inverter circuit.
Since the gate potential of the N channel type MOSFETMN 4 remains low in level when the bit line BB0U is keep high in level in reverse, the node B remains high in level and the node C remains low in level. Since the node B is brought to a floating state at this time, the latch circuit comprising the inverter circuit and the P channel type MOSFETMP 5 maintains the node B at the high level. According to the above-described operation, a signal at the node C corresponding to the global bit line is taken or fetched in the flip-flop circuit DFF for performing the data latch, so that the signal at the data terminal DQ0 of the memory circuit SRAM is determined.
In the present embodiment, either one of the change in the signal at the node B and the activation signal YEQ2, which serve as inputs of the main amplifier MA, may start to operate firstly. Namely, the N channel type MOSFETMN 8 of the main amplifier MA is brought to an on state and the P channel type MOSFETMP 4 is brought to an off state, according to the high level of the timing signal YEQ2. Afterwards, the output signal (node B) of each local amplifier LAMP may be changed. Alternatively, the output signals of the local amplifiers LAMPs are transmitted and thereby the on state/off state of any one of the N channel type MOSFETMN 4 through MOSFETMN 7 has been determined. Thereafter, the N channel type MOSFETMN 8 may be held on and the P channel type MOSFETMP 4 may be held off. As an alternative to it, they may be simultaneous.
An equivalent circuit diagram of a read path employed in the memory circuit of the embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. A read current path of a memory cell comprising two series-connected MOSFETs is connected to a local bit line and enters a logic block (P-Block) made up of P channel type MOSFETs constituting each local amplifier LAMP. Such a logic block is supplied with a source or power supply voltage through the corresponding P channel type MOSFET switch-controlled by a clock pulse/CK and supplied with a circuit's ground potential through the corresponding N channel type MOSFET switch-controlled by the clock pulse/CK.
An output node A of the logic block (P-Block) is inputted to a logic block (N-Block) made up of N channel type MOSFETs constituting a main amplifier MA. Such a logic block is supplied with the power supply voltage through the corresponding P channel type MOSFET switch-controlled by a clock pulse CK held in an antiphase relation with the local amplifier LAMP and supplied with the circuit's ground potential through the corresponding N channel type MOSFET switch-controlled by the clock pulse CK.
Since the relationship of time between each of the clocks /CK and CK and each of their corresponding input signals may be either of times prior to and subsequent to that time in such a circuit configuration, edge 2′<edge 3<edge 2 may be satisfied as operating conditions for the node A and the clock pulse, and no frequency restriction is given.
Incidentally, such an amplifier circuit as shown in FIG. 18 has been discussed prior to the present invention as an example using a dynamic logic circuit. In the case of such one that a logic block (N-Block) made up of N channel type MOSFETs constituting a main amplifier MA is precharged by the corresponding P channel type MOSFET in response to a clock CK in FIG. 18, a node A must be set to a low level to avoid the flow of a dc current during a precharge period in which the clock CK is low in level. Accordingly, edge 1<edge 3<edge 2 and edge 1<edge 4<edge 2 are set as operating conditions, and Tc/2>tw34 is set as a frequency restriction.
Although not illustrated in the drawing, it has been also discussed that a local amplifier LAMP is used in common wherein the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 of each of the local amplifiers LAMP referred to above is controlled by a signal YEQ_N, and the output node A is controlled by column signals YR0–3_N, and a signal at a node A is simply amplified by an inverter circuit. However, even such a configuration lacks speeding-up and reliability in terms of the following points.
Namely, timing control on the signal YEQ_N inputted to the gate of the N channel type MOSFETMN 3 for fixing the node A to the low level, and column signals YR0–3_N becomes important. There is a possibility that it will occur on a racing basis. The N channel MOSFETMN 3 must be fully increased in size to pull down the node A. As a result, a problem arises in that a pull-down N channel type MOSFETMN 3, a P channel type MOSFETMP 2 which accepts a bit line BB at its gate, and P channel type MOSFETMs of other local amplifiers LAMP are all connected to the node A, so that a load increases and thereby they cannot be operated at high speed.
Simply applying a dynamic circuit to a read system having a hierarchical bit-line structure as in the local bit lines and the global bit lines as described above yields a high possibility that a timing hazard of an internal circuit, i.e., a malfunction will be developed with respect to variations in manufacture. In order to avoid the malfunction, an excessive timing margin is needed. There is thus a possibility that circuit's frequency performance will be rate-controlled. In contrast to it, the present embodiment eliminates such a restriction and makes it possible to speed up the operation.
A circuit diagram of one embodiment of a memory cell according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. The memory cell according to the present embodiment comprises the 8 MOS memory cells as shown in FIG. 1. Namely, the inputs and outputs of two CMOS inverter circuits respectively comprising a P channel type MOSFETMPL and an N channel type MOSFETMDL, and a P channel type MOSFETMPR and an N channel type MOSFETMDR are cross-connected to provide a latch-configured connection. N channel type selection MOSFETMTL and MOSFETMTR whose gates are connected to a write word line MWWD, are provided between the pair of input/output nodes of the latch circuit and a pair of complementary write bit lines BL and BR, respectively.
A series circuit of N channel type MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 is provided as a read system circuit. The gate of the MOSFETMN 2 is supplied with a hold voltage at one input/output node of the latch circuit, and the source thereof is supplied with a circuit's ground potential. The drain of the MOSFETMN 1 is connected to a read bit line BB, and the gate thereof is connected to a read word line MWD.
In the present embodiment, the threshold voltages of the N channel type MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 constituting a read circuit are reduced as compared with those of the N channel type MOSFETMDL, MOSFETMDR, MOSFETMTL and MOSFETMTR and P channel type MOSFETMPL and MOSFETMPR constituting the latch with a view toward stabilizing an information retaining operation and speeding up a read operation.
For instance, the semiconductor integrated circuit device comprises three types of MOSFETs comprising a MOSFET having a high threshold voltage, which is formed as a gate insulating film constituting an input/output circuit and having a thickness thick for high withstanding or the like, a MOSFET having a middle threshold voltage, which has a thin gate insulating film constituting an internal circuit and is used for a slow signal path, and a MOSFET having a low threshold voltage, which is used for a high-speed signal path.
The N channel type MOSFETMDL, MOSFETMDR, MOSFETMTL and MOSFETMTR and P channel type MOSFETMPL and MOSFETMPR constituting the latch circuit are respectively formed so as to have the middle threshold voltage. On the other hand, the N channel type MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 constituting the read circuit are respectively set to the low threshold voltage used for the high-speed signal path.
In order to further speed up the read operation, the size (channel width) of the MOSFETMN 1 connected to the bit line BB, of the series-connected MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 of the read circuit, is formed small, and the MOSFETMN 2 thereof which receives the hold voltage at its gate, is set to a relatively large size (channel width). Allocating the sizes of the MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 to an occupied area assigned to the series circuit in the memory cell so that they are different from each other makes it possible to reduce parasitic capacitance of the drain of the MOSFETMN 1 connected to the bit line and thereby reduce bit-line load capacitance. Increasing the size of the MOSFETMN 2 enables obtaining of a relatively large memory current.
An overall block diagram of one embodiment of a memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 7. A memory array is provided with memory units or memory blocks DB0 through DB31 corresponding to data bits 0 through 31 in word-line extending directions. The memory array is divided into memory cell arrays MCAU and MCAD of two (upper U and lower D) so as to interpose bit line precharge circuits BPC, local amplifiers LAMPs, write drivers WDVs, output circuits DOCs and input circuits DICs in extending central portions of bit lines.
The output circuit DOC corresponds to a data output terminal Q0, and the input circuit DIC corresponds to a data input terminal D0. Four local amplifiers LAMPs are assigned to one output circuit DOC of the above output circuits DOCs. The local amplifiers LAMPs are connected to read bit lines of the memory cell arrays MCAU and MCAD divided up and down. Four read bit lines are respectively assigned to the data output terminal Q0 and data input terminal D0, and column addresses are set like 0 through 3. 32 memory cells are respectively connected to the bit lines divided up and down. Output signals wd1 and wdr of the input circuit DIC are respectively transferred to write drivers WDs provided in association with write bit line pairs divided up and down.
Read word lines MWD31 through 0 of an upper memory array are respectively selected by an upper X read decoder & driver RXDVU (×32), and write word lines MWWD31 through 0 are respectively selected by an upper write decoder & driver WXDVU (×32). Read word lines MWD63 through 32 of a lower memory array are respectively selected by a lower read decoder & driver RXDVD (×32), and write word lines MWWD63 through 32 are respectively selected by a lower write decoder & driver WXDVD (×32).
Read addresses AR(0) and AR(1) are supplied to a read Y decoder & driver RYDV through a read Y address buffer RYADB, where the column select signals YR0_N through YR3_N are generated. Similarly, write addresses AW(0) and AW(1) are supplied to a write Y decoder & driver WYDV through a write Y address buffer WYADB, where an activation signal for each write driver WD is formed.
Of read addresses AR(2) through AR(7), the address AR(7) corresponding to the most significant bit is used for a word line select signal of either the upper side or the lower side through the read Y address buffer RYADB. The addresses AR(6–2) corresponding to 5 bits of low orders (2) through (6) are supplied to the upper and lower decoders & drivers RXDVU/D through a read X address buffer RXADB to form 1/32 select signals. Similarly, of write addresses AW(2) through AW(7), the address AW(7) corresponding to the most significant bit is used for a word line select signal of either the upper side or the lower side through the write Y address buffer WYADB. The addresses AW(6–2) corresponding to 5 bits of low orders (2) through (6) are supplied to the upper and lower decoders & drivers WXDVU/D through a write X address buffer WXADB to form 1/32 select signals.
Thus, the read operation and the write operation are made independently of each other. In the respective memory units or memory blocks, one memory cell is selected from 32×2×4. In the whole 32 memory units or memory blocks, 32 memory cells are selected. As a memory circuit, reading or writing of data in units of 32 bits can be performed independently respectively.
An overall layout diagram of one embodiment of the memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 8. The present embodiment corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7. A memory array is divided into two in a word-line extending direction and divided into two even in a bit-line extending direction. Namely, the 32 memory units or memory blocks are divided 16 by 16 in a central portion of each word line as viewed in the word-line extending direction, and X decoders & drivers (XDVU=above RXDVU/D and WXDVU/D) are disposed in the central portion thereof. A local amplifier LAMP, a write driver WDV and output circuit DOC, and an input circuit DIC are provided in a central portion of each bit line as viewed in a bit-line extending direction. The precharge circuit BPC is also provided therein.
Owing to the placement of the X decoders & drivers in the intermediate portion of each word line as viewed in the word-line extending direction as described above, the length of each word line as viewed from the driver can be reduced to half, and the operation of selecting each word line can be speeded up. A column decoder & driver YDV, an address buffer ADB, a clock circuit CLK and a control circuit CONT are provided in a central portion of each memory block.
An enlarged layout diagram of the central portion of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9. The X decoder & driver XDVU (RXDVU+WXDVU) related to it is illustratively shown in the same drawing with some of the memory array MCAU (L), local amplifier LAMP, output circuit DOC and input circuit DIC, and write drivers WD (U and D) being brought together. The column (Y) decoder & driver YDV, clock circuit CLK, address buffer ADB and control circuit CONT are provided in the above central portion.
A layout diagram of one embodiment showing the central portion of FIG. 8 in a developed form is shown in FIG. 10. In the present embodiment, X decoders & drivers XDV are provided so as to be divided into a read RXDV and a write WXDV from side to side along arrangements of word lines. Address buffers are also provided so as to be divided into read and write ADBs in association with them. Similarly, column decoders & drivers YDV are also provided so as to be divided into a read RYDV and a write WYDV from side to side. However, these read and write decoders & drivers are respectively configured such that one select signal simultaneously selects the corresponding word line and the corresponding column select line of memory arrays divided into the right and left (16 bits by 16 bits).
A circuit diagram showing another embodiment of a memory circuit mounted in a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 11. A memory array unit and local amplifiers provided for bit lines are illustratively shown in the same drawing. Output signals of the local amplifiers are transferred to the output circuit including the main amplifier shown in FIG. 2. A memory circuit according to the present embodiment also constitutes a high-speed RAM macro mounted in a large-scale integrated circuit having a microcomputer function to be described later.
A plurality of memory cells MCs disposed in a matrix form at points where a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines intersect respectively, comprise one N channel type MOSFETMN 1 respectively. The MOSFETMN 1 constitute a so-called mask ROM. The gates thereof are connected to their corresponding word lines MWD. One of the source and drain of each MOSFETMN 1 is connected to a bit line BB. The source and drain thereof are connected to a circuit's ground potential or a source or power supply voltage in association with memory information.
Thus, the MOSFETMN 1 constituting each memory cell takes two values or a binary form indicative of whether a memory current should be caused to flow in association with memory information in response to a select level of the word line MWD. The memory information may be set in a manufacturing process depending on either of whether the gate of the MOSFETMN 1 is connected to its corresponding word line, or the drain thereof is connected to its corresponding bit line, or the threshold voltage of the MOSFETMN 1 is formed high in response to a select level of each word line (on state/off state).
The present embodiment is similar in other configuration to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except for the above-described structure of each memory cell. Namely, bit line precharge circuits BPCs are provided for the bit lines. For example, a read signal for a bit line BB0U is amplified by its corresponding local amplifier (or sense amplifier) LAMP. The local amplifier LAMP is made up of an inverting amplifier circuit which also shares the use of a column selection circuit. The bit line BB0U is connected to the gate of a P channel type amplifying MOSFETMP 2, and a P channel type MOSFETMP 1 and an N channel type MOSFETMN 3 both switch-controlled by a column select signal YR0_N are provided for the drain and source of such a MOSFETMP 2. Owing to the use of such local amplifiers/main amplifier as described above according to the invention of the present application, such a mask ROM is also capable of performing a high-speed read operation
A configurational diagram illustrating a further embodiment of a memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 12. The present embodiment is intended for expansion of memory capacity. Namely, a plurality of memory circuits like the above-described memory circuits BLOCKA and BLOCKB are vertically piled in a bit line direction with respect to a global output circuit GDOC provided with a flip-flop circuit DFF for performing data latch. Thus, the memory capacity can be increased in association with the number of blocks (BLOCKS).
In the present configuration, each of the illustratively shown memory blocks BLOCKA and BLOCKB is provided with a first main amplifier MA1 which receives an output signal of the local amplifier LAMP. A signal at its output node B is transferred to a second main amplifier MA2 similar to the local amplifier LAMP of the global output circuit GDOC through a global bit line and taken or fetched into the flip-flop circuit DFF for performing the data latch. The memory blocks BLOCKA and BLOCKB are respectively provided with clock enable terminals CKEs. Thus, their block selecting operations are performed. If a signal outputted from the first main amplifier MA1 is fixed to a high level in each non-selected memory block, then the second main amplifier MA2 amplifies a signal of each selected one.
In this configuration, a memory array can be expanded in the bit line direction. With an increase in the number of expansions, large memory capacity can be realized with respect to the memory circuit according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In a memory circuit formed in a semiconductor integrated circuit device, a data output terminal (data input terminal) can be disposed at an end of the memory circuit brought into a macro cell form, whereby the input/output of data becomes easy.
A configurational diagram showing a still further embodiment of a memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 13. The present embodiment is a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12. In a manner similar to the above, a plurality of memory circuits like the above-described memory circuits BLOCKA and BLOCKB are vertically piled in a bit line direction with respect to a global output circuit GDOC provided with a flip-flop circuit DFF for performing data latch.
In the present embodiment, a global bit line is commonly connected to output terminals of first main amplifiers MA1 of the plural vertically-piled memory blocks BLOCKA and BLOCKB or the like. Therefore, output units of the first main amplifiers MA1 of the memory blocks BLOCKA and BLOCKB or the like are respectively provided with triple-state output circuits. Namely, the output of each non-selected memory block is set as output high impedance, and an output signal of the selected memory block is transmitted to the global bit line. In this configuration, a second main amplifier MA2 of a global output circuit GDOC can be made up of a mere inverter circuit.
An overall configurational diagram showing one embodiment of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 14. Respective circuit blocks shown in the same drawing are illustrated so as to be aligned with geometrical arrangements on an actual semiconductor chip. The present embodiment comprises various arithmetic units, memory circuits, a memory control circuit, a bus control circuit, etc.
In order to perform high-speed writing and reading of data in accordance with operating speeds of an arithmetic logic unit ALU and a floating point unit (FPU), the high-speed RAMs according to the aforementioned embodiment are disposed around them. On the other hand, one-port SRAMs provided with memory cells MCs comprising six MOSFETs are disposed below the semiconductor chip. These memory circuits (one-port SRAMs) are used as memory circuits each of which does not require an operating speed so much. While the operating speed is slow as compared with the 2-port SRAMs comprising the eight MOS memory cells, memory capacity can be made great if the same areas are taken. Therefore, the memory circuits are used as data areas for retaining the result of arithmetic operation.
Each of the respective circuit blocks comprises MOSFETs having threshold voltages different according to their functions. For example, each input/output circuit IO, which needs a high withstand voltage or the like, is set to a high threshold voltage VH. An arithmetic logic unit ALU, an FPU, a clock circuit, memory circuits HSRAMs corresponding to two-port SRAMs comprising 8 MOSFETs, and 6MCSRAMs corresponding to one-port SRAMs comprising 6 MOSFETs are respectively set to a low threshold voltage VLL. An instruction unit (IU), an address register ADR, a program counter PC, etc. other than them are respectively set to a middle threshold voltage VLH. The one-port SRAMs (6MCSRMAs) are larger in memory capacity than the two-port SRAMs (HSRAMs).
Described more specifically, the high-speed memory HSRAM according to the present invention is configured such that as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the two MOSFETMN 1 and MOSFETMN 2 in the read system are set to the low threshold voltage VLL and others are set to the middle threshold voltage VLH. In each of the SRAMs using the 6 MOS memory cells, a MOSFET for a latch circuit is set to the middle threshold voltage VLH and an address selecting MOSFET is set to the low threshold voltage VLL.
An overall configurational diagram illustrating another embodiment of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 15. Respective circuit blocks shown in the same drawing are illustrated so as to match with geometrical arrangements on an actual semiconductor chip. The present embodiment also comprises various arithmetic units, memory circuits, a memory control circuit, a bus control circuit, etc.
In order to perform high-speed writing and reading of data in accordance with operating speeds of an arithmetic logic unit ALU and a floating point unit (FPU), the high-speed RAMs according to the aforementioned embodiment are disposed around them. On the other hand, DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memories) using dynamic memory cells are disposed above and below the semiconductor chip. These memory circuits are used as memory circuits each of which does not require an operating speed so much. While the operating speed is slow, memory capacity can be made great if the same areas are taken. Therefore, the memory circuits are used as data areas for retaining the result of arithmetic operation. The memory cells of each DRAM include N channel type MOS transistors.
Each of the respective circuit blocks comprises MOSFETs having threshold voltages different according to their functions. In a manner similar to the above, each input/output circuit IO, which needs a high withstand voltage or the like, is set to a high threshold voltage VH. An arithmetic logic unit ALU, an FPU, a clock circuit and each high-speed RAM are respectively set to a low threshold voltage VLL. An instruction unit (IU), a register ADR, and a memory cell unit of each DRAM other than them are respectively set to a middle threshold voltage VLH. In each high-speed RAM, however, each MOSFET in the read system is set to the low threshold voltage VLL and others are set to the middle threshold voltage VLH as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
A circuit diagram showing another embodiment of a local amplifier employed in a memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 16. The local amplifier according to the present embodiment is additionally provided with such a function as to be capable of selecting two amplifying operations of a dynamic operation and a static operation. A circuit surrounded by a dotted line in the same drawing constitutes the dynamic circuit used in FIG. 1 or the like. The following N channel type MOSFETMN 10 through MOSFETMN 14 are added to such a circuit.
The MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 12, and the MOSFETMN 13 and MOSFETMN 14 are respectively connected in series and connected in a configuration parallel with the MOSFETMN 3 through the MOSFETMN 10. The gates of these series-connected MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 12, and MOSFETMN 13 and MOSFETMN 14 are respectively supplied with bit lines BB0U and BB0D. Although not restricted in particular, the bit lines BB0U and BB0D are cross-connected to the gates of the MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 12 and the MOSFETMN 13 and MOSFETMN 14.
The MOSFETMN 10 has a gate supplied with a control signal CNTL. Since the MOSFETMN 10 is brought to an off state when the control signal CNTL is low in level, the dynamic circuit indicated by the dotted line is operated to perform such a dynamic operation as described above. When the static operation is instructed, the signal CNTL goes a high level, so that the MOSFETMN 10 is brought to an on state. Thus, the MOSFETMN 10 and the MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 12 or the MOSFETMN 10 and the MOSFETMN 13 and MOSFETMN 14 are connected in form parallel with the MOSFETMN 3.
When the MOSFETMN 10 is held on, the bit line BB0D on the lower side remains high in level when, for example, a read signal is obtained at the bit line BB0U on the upper side. Therefore, the MOSFETMN 12 and MOSFETMN 13 are kept on. Accordingly, the read signal on the bit line BB0U is amplified by the N channel type MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 14 with respect to a P channel type MOSFETMP 2. Strictly, an output signal corresponding to the ratio between composite conductance of the MOSFETMN 11 through MOSFETMN 14 and conductance of the MOSFETMP 2 is obtained. However, as described above, the P channel type MOSFETMP 2 and the N channel type MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 14 determines a change in conductance, which occurs in response to a change in input signal.
When the MOSFETMN 10 is brought to an off state, the bit line BB0U on the upper side remains high in level when, for example, a read signal is obtained at the bit line BB0D on the lower side. Therefore, the MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 14 are kept on. Accordingly, the read signal on the bit line BB0U is amplified by the N channel type MOSFETMN 12 and MOSFETMN 13 with respect to the P channel type MOSFETMP 2. As described above, the two pairs of series circuits MOSFETMN 11 and MOSFETMN 12, and MOSFETMN 13 and MOSFETMN 14 are connected in a parallel configuration and supplied with the bit lines BB0U and BB0D on a cross basis. Consequently, the conductances on the N channel type MOSFET side can be equally changed even with respect to the signal from either the bit line BB0U or BB0D, and hence a stable static amplifying operation can be performed.
A circuit diagram showing a further embodiment of a local amplifier employed in the memory circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 17. The local amplifier according to the present embodiment is additionally provided with such a function as to be capable of selecting two amplifying operations of a dynamic operation and a static operation. A circuit surrounded by a dotted line in the same drawing constitutes the dynamic circuit used in FIG. 1 or the like. The following N channel type MOSFETMN 20 through MOSFETMN 28 and P channel type MOSFETMP 20 are added to such a circuit.
The MOSFETMN 20 has a gate supplied with a control signal CNTL. Since the MOSFETMN 20 is brought to an off state when the control signal CNTL is low in level, the dynamic circuit indicated by the dotted line is operated to perform such a dynamic operation as described above. When the static operation is instructed, the signal CNTL is taken high in level to bring the MOSFETMN 20 to an on state. Thus, the MOSFETMN 20 and MOSFETMN 21 are connected in form parallel with the MOSFETMN 3.
The following circuit is provided such that a similar amplified signal is supplied to the gate of the MOSFETMN 21 even when either a bit line BB0U or BB0D is selected. The MOSFETMN 22 and MOSFETMN 23 and the MOSFETMN 24 and MOSFETMN 25 are respectively connected in series and respectively have gates to which the bit lines BB0U and BB0D are connected on a cross basis. Thus, the voltages on the bit lines BB0U and BB0D are transmitted to the gate of the N channel type MOSFETMN 21 in a source follower form through the MOSFETMN 22, 23 and MOSFETMN 24 and 25.
A shared source output unit of the MOSFETMN 22 and MOSFETMN 23, and the MOSFETMN 24 and MOSFETMN 25 configured in the source follower form is provided, in series, with the diode-connected N channel type MOSFETMN 26 for level shifting, the N channel type MOSFETMN 27 operated as a load, and the MOSFETMN 28 used as a power switch. The gate of the MOSFETMN 28 is supplied with the signal CNTL so that the MOSFETMN 28 is turned on upon the static operation.
A column select signal YR0_N is inverted by an inverter circuit IV2, followed by transfer to the gate of the MOSFETMN 27. Namely, the MOSFETMN 27 of the local amplifier LAMP corresponding to each selected bit line is brought to an on state. Thus, the read signals on the bit lines BB0U and BB0D are transferred to the gate of the N channel type MOSFETMN 21 according to a source follower output operation. Consequently, the voltages on the read bit lines BB0U and BB0D are transferred to the P channel type MOSFETMP 2 or MOSFETMP 3 and the N channel type MOSFETMN 21, whereby a static amplifying operation similar to the above is performed.
The P channel type MOSFETMP 20 is brought to an on state when the column select signal YR0_N is in a non-selected state, thereby to precharge a source follower output node, i.e., the gate of the N channel type MOSFETMN 21 to a power supply voltage identical to a precharge voltage of each of the bit lines BB0U and BB0D. The diode-connected MOSFETMN 26 prevents the voltage at the gate of the MOSFETMN 21 from being excessively lowered when the gate voltage starts an amplifying operation.
While the invention made above by the present inventors has been described specifically by the illustrated embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. It is needless to say that various changes can be made thereto within the scope not departing from the substance thereof. For instance, a memory cell can be applied similarly even to an electrically writable programmable ROM. While the above description has principally been made of the case in which the invention made by the present inventors is applied to an LSI like a microprocessor having built therein a plurality of RAMs, the present invention is not limited to it. The present invention can be widely used in a semiconductor integrated circuit device equipped with a circuit including a circuit for reading a signal outputted from each memory circuit according to a hierarchical system.
Advantageous effects obtained by typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be described in brief as follows. There is provided first amplifier circuits; which include first MOSFETs of first conductivity type, which have gates provided for a plurality of bit lines to which memory cells are respectively connected, and which are respectively maintained in an off state under precharge voltages supplied to the bit lines, as read circuits of the memory cells determined as to whether memory currents flow according to the operation of selecting word lines and memory information; and which are respectively brought to operating states in association with select signals for the bit lines, and there is also provided a second amplifier circuit including; a plurality of second MOSFETs of second conductivity type, which have gates respectively supplied with a plurality of amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits and which are connected in parallel configurations; and which forms an amplified signal corresponding to the amplified signals of the first amplifier circuits. Thus, it is possible to reduce a timing margin enabling speeding up and facilitation of timing settings and thereby realize an improvement in access time.
Owing to improvements in circuit delay by the above dynamic circuitry and the adoption of the domino circuit comprising a combination of the N channel type and P channel type MOSFETs, racing avoidance is enabled and a timing margin can be thus reduced. Combining 8-MOSFET (2-port) memories each having the read system circuit with 1-port SRAMs or DRAMs of 6-MOSFETs makes it possible to an easy-to-use semiconductor integrated circuit device equipped with high-speed memories and large-capacity memories.

## Claims

1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines;
a plurality of bit lines;
a plurality of memory cells respectively connected to the plural word lines and the plural bit lines; and
amplifier circuits which are respectively connected to the plural bit lines and amplify potentials on the plural bit lines,
wherein each of the amplifier circuits includes a first MOS transistor of first conductivity type having a gate connected to one of the bit lines, and a second MOS transistor of second conductivity type having a gate connected to a source/drain of the first MOS transistor, and
a source-drain path of the second MOS transistor is isolated from the bit lines.

2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductivity type is a P type, and
wherein the second conductivity type is an N type.

3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further including precharge circuits which are respectively connected to the plural bit lines and precharge the plural bit lines,
wherein each of the precharge circuits includes a third MOS transistor having a source-drain path connected between one of the plural bit lines and a power supply voltage.

4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3,
wherein each of the first MOS transistor and the third MOS transistor is a P channel type MOS transistor, and
wherein the second MOS transistor is an N channel type MOS transistor.

5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plural memory cells are respectively static memory cells.

6. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a plurality of first word lines;
a plurality of second word lines;
a first bit line;
a second bit line;
a plurality of first memory cells respectively connected to the plural first word lines and the first bit line;
a plurality of second memory cells respectively connected to the plural second word lines and the second bit line; and
an amplifier circuit which is connected to the first and second bit lines and amplifies potentials on the first and second bit lines,
wherein the amplifier circuit includes a first MOS transistor of first conductivity type having a gate connected to the first bit line, a second MOS transistor of the first conductivity type having a gate connected to the second bit line, and a third MOS transistor of second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type,
wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor, and
wherein a gate of the third MOS transistor is connected to a drain of the first MOS transistor.

7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6,
wherein the first conductivity type is a P type, and
wherein the second conductivity type is an N type.

8. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, further including:
a first precharge circuit which is connected to the first bit line and precharges the first bit line; and
a second precharge circuit which is connected to the second bit line and precharges the second bit line,
wherein the first precharge circuit includes a fourth MOS transistor having a source-drain path connected between the first bit line and a power supply voltage, and
wherein the second precharge circuit includes a fifth MOS transistor having a source-drain path connected between the second bit line and the power supply voltage.

9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein each of the first, second, fourth and fifth MOS transistors is a P channel type MOS transistor, and
wherein the third MOS transistor is an N channel type MOS transistor.

10. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the plural memory cells are respectively static memory cells.

11. The semiconductor device according to claim 6,
wherein the first bit line and the second bit line extend in the same direction, and
wherein the amplifier circuit is formed in an area between a quadrangular area in which the plural first memory cells are formed and a quadrangular area in which the second memory cells are formed.