FAA-S-8081-31

U.S. Department with Changes 1 and 2 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration

SPORT PILOT

Practical Test Standards 

for

• Weight Shift Control 

• Powered Parachute 

• Flight Instructor 

December 2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591

SPORT PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

2004 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
FAA-S-8081-31

NOTE 

Material in FAA-S-8081-31 will be effective December 2004. 
FAA-S-8081-31

Record of Changes 

Change 1—6/9/2006 

1. Deleted the additional category/class matrix; applicants for an 

additional category/class privileges must take a complete 

practical test. 

2. Added weather elements for inadvertent entry into IMC on 

pages 1-2 and 2-2. 

3. Deleted the ATC light signal requirements from airport 

operations page 1-10 and 2-9. 

4. Deleted all references to repositionable landing gear, multiple 

pages. 

5. Deleted energy management TASK, page 1-20, for weight shift 

control and added an energy management element to 

emergency approach and landing for weight shift control, page 

1-26. 

6. Added line-over and twisted suspension line elements to 

powered parachute canopy layout page 2-6. 

7. Changed testing requirements of taxiing with the canopy 

inflated in a powered parachute, from flight instructors only, to 

sport pilots and flight instructors with a sport pilot rating, page 

2-7. 

8. Added heading tolerances (±10°) to constant altitude turns for 

powered parachute. 

9. Added proficiency check materials to flight instructor 

characteristics and responsibilities page 3-15. 

10. Created category specific examiner/instructor checklists for the 

flight instructor with a sport pilot rating pages 3-xx to replace 

the flight instructor matrix. 

11. Deleted the flight instructor matrixes. See above. 

Change 2—02/22/2008 

1. Global: changed all “AFM” to Aircraft Flight Manual.” 

2. Page 4: added Advisory Circulars to the reference list for 

emergency equipment. 

3. Page 4: list of References for Practical Test Standards, added 

“Aircraft Flight Manual.” 

4. Page 4: list of Abbreviations, deleted “AFM.” The name of the 

aircraft is now always spelled out—no acronyms. 

5. Page 5: list of Abbreviations: added PPLC, Powered 

Parachute—Land; PPCS, Powered Parachute—Sea; WSCL, 

Weight Shift Controlled—Land; WSCS, Weight Shift 

Controlled—Sea. 

6. Global in Section 1—Weight Shift Control references: changed 

“AFM” to “Aircraft Flight Manual.” 

7. Global under Section 1 references: replaced “AFM” with “Aircraft 

Flight Manual.” 

8. Page 1-viii: IX (Emergency Operations): deleted “Power-off 

approach and accuracy landing.” The task is not in the PTS. 
FAA-S-8081-31

9. Page 1-1: I (Preflight Preparation), A (Certificates and 

Documents), Objective 2 (determining applicant knowledge of 

the elements related to certificates and documents by), b. 

(locating and explaining): added “Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.” 

10. Page 1-1: I (Preflight Preparation), B (Airworthiness 

Requirements), Objective 1a. (explaining “required instruments 

and equipment for sport pilot privileges”): added “(as required by 

the operating limitations).” 

11. Page 1-1: deleted Objective 1c.: (explaining) “requirements and 

procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.” 

12. Pages 1-2 and 2-2: C (Weather Information), References: added 

“FAA-H-8083-3” to address inadvertent flight into IMC. 

13. Page 1-23: VII (Navigation) A (Pilotage and Dead Reckoning) 

Objective 4 (“Verifies the aircraft’s position with 3 nautical miles 

of the flight-planned route”): changed “with” to “within.” 

14. Page 1-27: C (Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL 

and WSCS)) References: deleted “FAA-H-8083-23” and “FAA-H8083-25”; added “AC 91-13,” “AC 91-58,” and “AC 91-69.” 

15. Page 1-28: X (Postflight Procedures) B (Anchoring), Objectives 2 

and 3: changed “seaplane” to “aircraft.” 

16. Page 1-29: C (Docking and Mooring (WSCS)) Objective 3, and D 

(Ramping/Beaching (WSCA)) Objective 3 : changed “seaplane” 

to “aircraft.” 

17. Global in Section 2 —Powered Parachute references, except in 

those sections referring to PPCS only: added “FAA-H-8083-

29.” 

18. Global in Section 2 references: deleted all references to “PPC 

Training Manual.” 

19. Page 2-1: Renumbered the elements under Task B 

Airworthiness Requirements. 

20. Page 2-1: Task B Airworthiness Requirements, Element 1. a., 

added “(as required by the operating limitations).” 

21. Page 2-1: Task B Airworthiness Requirements, deleted 

element 1.c., “requirements and procedures for obtaining a 

special flight permit.” 

22. Page 2-4: deleted element 2. c., carbon monoxide poisoning, 

from Task G, Aeromedical Factors. 

23. Page 2-4: H: replaced “seaplane” with “powered parachute—

sea” in both task title and Objective. In task H, Objective 2: 

changed “seaplane” to “aircraft.” 

24. Page 2-9: B (Traffic Patterns (PPCL and PPCS) Objective 

(determining that applicant) “Exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to radio communications airports without 

operating control towers”: inserted “at” between 

“communications” and “airports.” 

25. Page 2-16: Added a heading tolerance to constant altitude 

turns “and rolls out on the entry heading ±10°.” 

26. Page 2-20: deleted “rotor/and or” from Task B (systems and 

equipment malfunctions), element 2.f., from powered 

parachute. 
FAA-S-8081-31

27. Page 2-21: added references to emergency equipment and 

survival gear task: “AC 91-13, AC 91-58, AC 91-69” and “AIM.” 

28. Page 3-vii: added bold font to mandatory tasks on page 3-vii. 

29. Page 3-viii: corrected the examiner note under the emergency 

operations area of operations (“The examiner must select 

TASK A”), by adding “and one other TASK for WSC.” 

30. Page 3-viii: deleted Task option “B. Power-off approach and 

accuracy landing.” 

31. Page 3-xi: added bold font to mandatory tasks. 

32. Page 3-xii: corrected the examiner note under the emergency 

operations area of operations. 

33. Page 3-xvii and 3-xviii: added bold font to mandatory tasks. 
FOREWORD 

The Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards for Weight Shift Control, Powered 

Parachute, and Flight Instructor has been published by the Federal 

Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the knowledge 

and skills necessary for the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate and a 

Flight Instructor Certificate with a Sport Pilot Rating. 

FAA inspectors, designated pilot examiners, and flight instructors shall 

conduct instruction, proficiency checks, and practical tests in compliance 

with these standards. Flight instructors and applicants should find these 

standards helpful during training and when preparing for the practical test 

or proficiency check. 

/s/ 12-20-2004 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division 

Flight Standards Service 

FAA-S-8081-31
1-i FAA-S-8081-31

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 

General Information .....................................................................1 

Practical Test Standards Concept ...............................................2 

Practical Test Book Description ...................................................2 

Practical Test Standards Description...........................................2 

Abbreviations ..............................................................................4 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ...................................5 

Special Emphasis Areas ..............................................................6 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Initial) .........................7 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Registered 

Ultra-Light Pilots)..........................................................................8 

Sport Pilot—Additional Privileges ................................................9 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test/ 

Proficiency Check ........................................................................9 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ...................................................10 

Single-Seat Aircraft Proficiency Check ......................................11 

Examiner Responsibility.............................................................13 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot—Satisfactory Performance ...............13 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance...........14 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Satisfactory Performance 

When Adding an Additional Category/Class..............................15 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance 

When Adding an Additional Category/Class..............................15 

Single-Pilot Resource Management ..........................................16 

Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................16 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests or Proficiency 

Checks ......................................................................................16 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................16 

Letter of Discontinuance ............................................................17 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............17 

Section 1—SPORT PILOT WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

CONTENTS ...............................................................................1-i 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................1-v 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 1-vii 
FAA-S-8081-31 1-ii

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION........................................... 1-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................... 1-7 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS........ 1-11 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS............. 1-13 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER ...................................... 1-20 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 1-21 

VII. NAVIGATION.................................................................. 1-23 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS ........................................ 1-24 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 1-26 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES....................................... 1-28 

Section 2—SPORT PILOT POWERED PARACHUTE 

CONTENTS................................................................................2-i 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist...........................................2-v 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist ........................................ 2-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION........................................... 2-1 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................... 2-6 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS.......... 2-9 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS............. 2-11 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER ...................................... 2-16 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 2-17 

VII. NAVIGATION.................................................................. 2-19 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 2-20 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES....................................... 2-22 

SECTION 3—SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

CONTENTS ............................................................................3-i 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist.......................................... 3-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for Flight 

Instructor—Weight Shift Control................................................3-v 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for Flight 

Instructor—Weight Shift Control ..............................................3-ix 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for Flight 

Instructor—Powered Parachute ............................................ 3-xiii 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for Flight 

Instructor—Powered Parachute ............................................ 3-xvii 
1-iii FAA-S-8081-31

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description ..................3-1 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section...........................................3-1 

Special Emphasis Areas ...........................................................3-3 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial .....................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges...................................................................................3-5 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges-Registered Ultra-Light Instructor ..............................3-6 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ..................................................3-6 

Examiner Responsibility............................................................3-7 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check— 

Satisfactory Performance..........................................................3-8 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check— 

Unsatisfactory Performance......................................................3-9 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance when 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-10 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance when 

Adding an Additional Category/Class .....................................3-11 

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor 

Certificate ................................................................................3-11 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING...........................3-13 

 A. The Learning Process .............................................3-13 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication......3-13 

 C. The Teaching Process.............................................3-14 

 D. Teaching Methods...................................................3-14 

 E. Critique and Evaluation ...........................................3-14 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and 

 Responsibilities........................................................3-15 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity..................................3-15 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS....................................3-16 

 A. Aeromedical Factors................................................3-16 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance ...............3-17 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications.......3-17 

D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements............... 3-18 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT...............................................3-19 

 A. Maneuver Lesson....................................................3-19 
1 FAA-S-8081-31

INTRODUCTION 

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard that 

must be used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners 

(DPEs), when conducting sport pilot and flight instructor with a sport 

pilot rating practical tests or proficiency checks. 

The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either 

the FAA inspector or an FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts 

an official practical test or proficiency check. When an examiner 

conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an 

authorized instructor. 

A proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and 

flight proficiency IAW Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 

CFR) part 61, section 61.321 or 61.419. A proficiency check must be 

administered using the appropriate practical test standard (PTS) for the 

category of aircraft when a pilot or a flight instructor adds new 

category/class privileges. Upon successful completion of the proficiency 

check the authorized instructor will endorse the applicant’s logbook 

indicating the added category/class of equipment that the applicant is 

authorized to operate. When an examiner conducts a proficiency check 

they are acting in the capacity of an authorized instructor.

DPEs must have designation authority to conduct sport pilot initial 

evaluations (Sport Pilot Examiner [SPE]) and flight instructor with a 

sport pilot rating initial evaluations (Sport Pilot Flight Instructor 

Examiner [SFIE]) per FAA Order 8710.7, Sport Pilot Examiner’s 

Handbook. 

Authorized instructors must use this PTS when preparing applicants for 

practical tests or proficiency checks and when conducting proficiency 

checks. Applicants should be familiar with this book and refer to these 

standards during their training. 

Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical 

test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are 

mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as 

“should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, 

but not mandatory. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many individuals and organizations throughout the aviation community 

who contributed their time and talent in assisting with the development 

of this practical test standard. 
FAA-S-8081-31 2

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

This PTS may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, 

U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, 

or from http://bookstore.gpo.gov. This PTS is also available for 

download, in pdf format, from the Flight Standards Service web site at 

www.faa.gov. 

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 

Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. BOX 25082, 

Oklahoma City, OK 73125 publishes this PTS. Comments regarding 

this PTS should be sent, in e-mail form, to AFS630comments@faa.gov. 

Practical Test Standards Concept 

14 CFR part 61.311 specifies the AREAS OF OPERATION in which 

knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before the 

issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or privileges. The CFRs provide the 

flexibility to permit the FAA to publish practical test standards containing 

the AREAS OF OPERATION and specific TASKs in which pilot 

competency must be demonstrated. The FAA must revise this practical 

test standard whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the 

interest of safety. Adherence to the provisions of the regulations 

and the practical test standards is mandatory for practical tests 

and proficiency checks. 

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Sport Pilot Practical Test 

Standards. 

Section 1—Weight Shift Control 

Section 2—Powered Parachute 

Section 3—Flight Instructor (The flight instructor section contains a 

separate introduction in section 3.) 

The Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards include the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial Sport Pilot 

Certificate and for the addition of sport pilot category/class privileges. It 

also contains information on how to obtain an initial Flight Instructor 

Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for the addition of flight instructor 

category/class privileges. 
3 FAA-S-8081-31

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Practical Test Standards Description 

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test or proficiency 

check arranged in a logical sequence within each standard. They begin 

with Preflight Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The 

examiner may conduct the practical test or proficiency check in any 

sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test. An authorized 

instructor may conduct a proficiency check in any sequence that will 

result in a complete and efficient test. However, the ground portion of 

the practical test or proficiency check must be accomplished 

before the flight portion. 

TASKs are specific knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) within 

parentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the appropriate class 

of aircraft. The meaning of each class abbreviation is as follows: 

WSCL Weight Shift Control—Land 

WSCS Weight Shift Control—Sea 

PPCL Powered Parachute—Land 

PPCS Powered Parachute—Sea 

When administering a test using section 1, 2, or 3 of this PTS, the TASKs 

appropriate to the class aircraft (WSCL, WSCS, PPCL, and PPCS) used 

for the test must be included in the plan of action. The absence of a class 

indicates the TASK is for all classes. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for reference if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, 

and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and 

Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards Certification 

14 CFR part 71 Designation of class A, B, C, D, and E airspace 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making 
FAA-S-8081-31 4

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilot and Flight Instructors and 

 Ground Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight Into Terrain 

Awareness 

AC 90-23 Aircraft Wake Turbulence 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

Practices for Aeronautical Operations At 

Airports Without Operating Control Towers 

AC 91-69 Seaplane Safety for FAR Part 91 Operations 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-9 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-13 Glider Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-15 Instrument Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped 

Helicopter Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport/Facility Directory 

AFM Aircraft Flight Manual 

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen 

Other Pilot Operating Handbook/ 

 FAA-Approved Flight Manual 

 Aeronautical Navigation Charts 

 Seaplane Supplement 

 Powered Parachute Bible 

 Weight Shift Control Aviation Handbook 

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; 

3. acceptable performance standards; and 

4. safety considerations, when applicable. 

Abbreviations 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

 AC Advisory Circular 

 ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

 AFD Airport Facility Directory 

 AFSS Automated Flight Service Station 

 AGL Above Ground Level 
5 FAA-S-8081-31

Change 1 (6/9/06) and Change 2 (2/22/08) 

 AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

 ASEL Airplane Single Engine—Land 

 ASES Airplane Single Engine—Sea 

ASOS Automated Surface Observing System 

 ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 

 CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

CRM Cockpit Resource Management 

CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency 

 FA Area Weather Forecast 

 FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

 GPO Government Printing Office 

 IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 

 METAR Meteorological Aviation Report (Routine) 

 NOTAM Notices to Airmen 

 NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

 POH Pilot Operating Handbook 

 PPC Powered Parachute 

 PPCL Powered Parachute—Land 

 PPCS Powered Parachute—Sea 

 PTS Practical Test Standard 

 RPM Revolutions per Minute 

 SS Single-Seat 

 SUA Special Use Airspace 

 TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast 

 TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

 VFR Visual Flight Rules 

 WSC Weight-Shift Control 

 WSCL Weight-Shift Control—Land 

 WSCS Weight-Shift Control—Sea 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book 

The FAA requires that all sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor practical 

tests and proficiency checks be conducted in accordance with the 

appropriate sport pilot practical test standards and the policies set forth in 

this INTRODUCTION. Applicants must be evaluated in ALL TASKs included 

in each AREA OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test standard, 

unless otherwise noted. 

An applicant, who holds at least a Sport Pilot Certificate seeking additional 

aircraft category/class privileges at the sport pilot level, must be evaluated 

in all the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs listed in the PTS. 

In preparation for each practical test or proficiency check, the examiner or 

authorized instructor must develop a written “plan of action.” The “plan of 

action” must include all TASKs in each AREA OF OPERATION, unless 

noted otherwise. If the elements in one TASK have already been evaluated 

in another TASK, they need not be repeated. 
FAA-S-8081-31 6

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

For example, the “plan of action” need not include evaluating the applicant 

on complying with markings at the end of the flight, if that element was 

sufficiently observed at the beginning of the flight. Any TASK selected for 

evaluation during a practical test or proficiency check must be 

evaluated in its entirety. Exception: examiners evaluating single-seat 

applicants from the ground must evaluate only those TASK elements that 

can be accurately assessed from the ground. 

The examiner or authorized instructor is not required to follow the precise 

order in which the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this 

book. The examiner or authorized instructor may change the sequence or 

combine TASKs with similar Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow 

of the practical test or proficiency check events. 

The examiner’s or authorized instructor’s “plan of action” must include the 

order and combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the applicant in a 

manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner or authorized instructor is expected to use good judgment in 

the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest 

means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local 

conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as 

well as the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used 

during the practical test or proficiency check. If the procedure being 

evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will 

simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners and authorized instructors must place special emphasis upon 

areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these 

are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls; 

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance; 

6. runway incursion avoidance; 

7. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

8. aeronautical decision making/risk management; 

9. checklist usage; 

10. spatial disorientation; 

11. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

12. special use airspace (SUA); 

13. aviation security; and 

14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test 

or proficiency check. 
7 FAA-S-8081-31

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test or proficiency check. In all instances, the applicant’s 

actions will be evaluated in accordance to the standards of the TASKs 

and the ability to use good judgment with reference to the special 

emphasis areas listed above.

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Initial) 

An applicant for a Sport Pilot Certificate is required by 14 CFR part 61 

to: 

1. be at least 17 years of age (or 16 if applying to operate a glider 

or balloon); 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards; 

3. have passed the appropriate sport pilot knowledge test since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or 

she takes a practical test; 

4. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed; 

5. possess a current and valid U.S. driver’s license or a valid 

Airman Medical Certificate issued under 14 CFR part 67; 

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has received and logged training time within 

60 days preceding the date of application in preparation for the 

practical test, and is prepared for the practical test; and 

7. have an endorsement certifying that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Registered UltraLight Pilots) 

If you are a registered ultra-light pilot with an FAA-recognized ultra-light 

organization on or before September 1, 2004, and you want to apply for 

a Sport Pilot Certificate, then you must, not later than January 31, 2007 

(14 CFR part 61, section 61.329): 

1. meet the eligibility requirements in 14 CFR part 61, sections 

61.305 and 61.23, but not the aeronautical knowledge 

requirements specified in section 61.309 , the flight proficiency 

requirements specified in section 61.311, and the aeronautical 

experience requirements specified in section 61.313; 

2. pass the knowledge test for a Sport Pilot Certificate specified in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.307 or the knowledge test for a 

Flight Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating specified in 

section 61.405; 

3. pass the practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate specified in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.307; 
FAA-S-8081-31 8

4. provide the FAA with a certified copy of your ultra-light pilot 

records from an FAA-recognized ultra-light organization, and 

those records must— 

a. document that you are a registered ultra-light pilot with that 

FAA-recognized ultra-light organization; and 

b. indicate that you are recognized to operate each category 

and class of aircraft for which you seek sport pilot 

privileges. 

Sport Pilot—Additional Privileges 

If you hold a Sport Pilot Certificate or higher and seek to operate an 

additional category or class of light-sport aircraft (14 CFR part 61, 

section 61.321), you must: 

1. receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor 

who trained you on the applicable aeronautical knowledge 

areas specified in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.309 and areas of 

operation specified in section 61.311. The endorsement 

certifies you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight 

proficiency requirements for the additional light-sport aircraft 

privileges you seek; 

2. successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized 

instructor other than the one who trained you on the 

aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation 

specified in 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.309 and 61.311 for 

the additional light-sport aircraft privilege you seek; 

3. complete an application for those privileges on a form in a 

manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to 

the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check 

specified in above paragraph; 

4. receive a logbook endorsement from the instructor who 

conducted the proficiency check specified in 2 above, certifying 

you are proficient in the applicable areas of operation and 

aeronautical knowledge areas and that you are authorized for 

the additional category and class light-sport aircraft privilege. 
9 FAA-S-8081-31

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test/

Proficiency Check 

The applicant for a Sport Pilot Certificate is required in accordance with 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45, to provide an aircraft that has a current 

airworthiness certificate and is in a condition for safe flight, for use 

during the practical test or proficiency check. This section further 

requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, 

class, and type, if applicable, for the certificate or privileges for 

which the applicant is applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45(c), (e), and (f); 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION appropriate 

to the privileges sought and have no operating limitations, which 

prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF OPERATION, required for 

the practical test or proficiency check; and 

4. have an altitude and an airspeed indicating system, as appropriate, 

for all tasks that require demonstration of skill within an 

altitude/airspeed tolerance. 

The aircraft utilized for sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor practical 

tests and proficiency checks must be a light-sport aircraft as defined in 

14 CFR part 1. 

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the sport 

pilot applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter areas, 

procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each single-seat 

aircraft practical test. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, 

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. 

Throughout the applicant’s training, the flight instructor is responsible for 

emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and collision 

avoidance procedures. 

Single-Seat Aircraft Practical Test 

Applicants for a Sport Pilot Certificate may elect to take their test in a singleseat aircraft. The FAA established in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.45(f) specific 

requirements to allow a practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate only. This 

provision does not allow a practical test for a Flight Instructor Certificate or 

Recreation Pilot Certificate or higher to be conducted in a light-sport aircraft 

that has a single-pilot seat. 
FAA-S-8081-31 10

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

With certain limitations, the practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate may be 

conducted from the ground by an examiner. The examiner must agree to 

conduct the practical test in a single-seat aircraft and must ensure that the 

practical test is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot practical test 

standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all TASKs applicable to 

their category/class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. Single-seat sport 

pilots must demonstrate competency in those specific TASKs identified by a 

NOTE in the AREA OF OPERATION for a single-seat practical test and any 

other TASKs selected by the examiner. Examiners evaluating single-seat 

applicants from the ground must evaluate only those TASK elements that 

can be accurately assessed from the ground. 

The examiner must maintain radio contact with the applicant and be in a 

position to observe the operation of the aircraft while evaluating the 

proficiency of the applicant from the ground. 

Sport pilots taking the practical test in a single-seat aircraft will have the 

limitation, “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot seat aircraft 

only” placed on their pilot certificate, per section 61.45(f)(3), limiting 

their operations to a single-seat light-sport aircraft and no passenger 

carriage will be authorized. 

Only an examiner is authorized to remove this limitation when the sport 

pilot takes a complete practical test in a two-place light-sport aircraft. 

This practical test may be conducted in the same or additional category 

of aircraft. 

Upon successful completion of the practical test, the limitation will be 

removed, and the sport pilot is authorized to act as pilot in command in 

all categories of light-sport aircraft that he or she has a make and model 

endorsement within a set of aircraft to operate. The limitation can also 

be removed if the sport pilot completes the certification requirements in 

an aircraft with a minimum of two places, for a higher certificate or 

rating. 

Single-Seat Aircraft Proficiency Check 

Sport pilot proficiency checks may by preformed in a single-seat 

aircraft. The FAA believes it is appropriate for an instructor to perform a 

proficiency check for an additional category or privilege in accordance 

with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321, to be added to a Sport Pilot 

Certificate or higher using a single-seat light-sport aircraft, providing the 

authorized instructor is an examiner. When an examiner conducts a 

proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an authorized 

instructor. 
11 FAA-S-8081-31

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

The authorized instructor must agree to conduct the practical test in a 

single seat light-sport aircraft and must ensure that the proficiency 

check is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot practical test 

standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all TASKs applicable to 

the category or class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. Those pilots 

seeking sport pilot privileges in a single-seat light-sport aircraft must 

demonstrate competency in those specific TASKs identified by a NOTE 

in the AREA OF OPERATION for a single-seat proficiency check and 

any other TASKs selected by the authorized instructor. Authorized 

instructors evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground must 

evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed 

from the ground. 

The authorized instructor must have radio contact and be in a 

position to observe the operation of the light-sport aircraft and 

evaluate the proficiency of the applicant from the ground. 

On successful completion of a proficiency check, the authorized 

instructor will issue an endorsement with the following limitation “No 

passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot seat aircraft only (add 

category/class/make and model)” limiting his or her operations to a 

single-seat aircraft in this category, class, make, and model. The 

authorized instructor must sign this endorsement with his or her flight 

instructor and examiner number. 

This limitation can be removed by successfully completing a complete 

proficiency check, in a two-place light-sport aircraft in that specific 

category and class, in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321. 

This proficiency check must be conducted in the same category and 

class of light-sport aircraft. Upon successful completion of the 

proficiency check, the applicant will be given an endorsement for the 

aircraft privilege sought. 

Those recreational pilots or higher exercising sport pilot privileges will 

be required to have an endorsement for only the category and/or class 

of light-sport aircraft they are now authorized to act as pilot in 

command. A sport pilot will be required to have an endorsement for the 

category, class, make, and model within a set of aircraft in which he or 

she is now authorized to act as pilot in command. 
FAA-S-8081-31 12

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test or authorized instructor 

conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the 

applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of 

each TASK within each appropriate AREA OF OPERATION. Since 

there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” portions of the 

practical test or proficiency check, this oral portion becomes an ongoing 

process throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the 

applicant's knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be 

used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the 

practical test or proficiency check. Examiners and authorized instructors 

must test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant’s correlative 

abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the 

practical test or proficiency check. 

If the examiner or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is 

incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the examiner may require the 

applicant to repeat that TASK, or portions of that TASK. This provision 

has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that 

instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is 

permitted during the certification process. When practical, the remaining 

TASKs of the practical test or proficiency check phase should be 

completed before repeating the questionable TASK. 

The examiner or authorized instructor must use scenarios when 

applicable to determine that the applicant can use good risk 

management procedures in making aeronautical decisions. Examples 

of TASKs where scenarios would be advantageous are weather 

analysis, performance planning, and runway/landing area selection. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, 

the examiner or authorized instructor must evaluate the applicant’s 

knowledge and practical incorporation of special emphasis areas. 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance 

Satisfactory performance of TASKs to meet the requirements for sport 

pilot certification is based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION 

for the certificate or privileges rating sought within the 

approved standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 
13 FAA-S-8081-31

4. demonstrate sound judgment in aeronautical decision making/

risk management; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence in an aircraft with a single 

pilot seat (if applicable). 

Initial Check—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate. The test may be continued ONLY with the consent 

of the applicant.

If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those 

AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs satisfactorily 

performed. However, during the retest, and at the discretion of the 

examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously 

passed. 

The following are typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and 

grounds for disqualification: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques 

to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 

When a Notice of Disapproval is issued, the examiner must record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard appropriate 

to the practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF OPERATION/TASK(s) 

not tested and the number of practical test failures must also be 

recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special 

emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval must indicate the associated 

TASK. For example, SECTION 1, VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW 

FLIGHT AND STALLS, TASK A: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW 

FLIGHT, failure to use proper collision avoidance procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-31 14

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Satisfactory Performance When 

Adding an Additional Category/Class 

Satisfactory performance of TASKs to add category/class privileges is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION 

for the certificate or privileges sought within the approved 

standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 

4. demonstrate sound judgment in aeronautical decision making/

risk management; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence. 

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to his or her 

Sport Pilot Certificate, the authorized instructor, upon satisfactory 

completion of the proficiency check, must endorse the applicant’s 

logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to operate the 

additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor 

must forward FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days. 

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance 

When Adding an Additional Category/Class 

When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standards in the 

PTS, the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check must 

annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11 and 

forward it to Airman Registry within 10 days. A Notice of Disapproval 

will NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be 

provided with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific 

TASKs not meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive 

additional training. 

When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) found deficient during the 

proficiency check, the recommending instructor must endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant has received additional 

instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency 

check. The applicant must complete a new FAA Form 8710-11, and the 

recommending instructor must endorse the application. The authorized 

instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, must 

evaluate the applicant. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a 

complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor, must forward the 

FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days and endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional category/class 

privileges. 
15 FAA-S-8081-31

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL 

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are 

being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “...includes all 

other groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in 

decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to: dispatchers, weather briefer, maintenance 

personnel, and air traffic controllers.” Singe-pilot Resource Management 

is not a single TASK; it is a set of skill competencies that must be 

evident in all TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to singlepilot operation. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists 

Throughout the practical test or proficiency check, the applicant is 

evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist (if specified by the 

manufacturer). Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK being 

evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist, while 

accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be either unsafe or 

impractical. In this case, a review of the checklist after the elements 

have been accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention 

and proper visual scanning should be considered when using a 

checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests or Proficiency 

Checks 

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner or 

authorized instructor must cause realistic distractions during the flight 

portion of the practical test or proficiency check to evaluate the 

applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight. 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between the 

pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should 

be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight 

controls. A positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls 

between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly 

recommended. 
FAA-S-8081-31 16

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or 

she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The pilot acknowledges 

immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot says 

again, “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first 

pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to 

verify that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any 

doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness), 

FAA Form 8710-11 and, if applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report 

must be returned to the applicant. The examiner at that time must 

prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. 

The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and their associated TASKs of the practical test that were 

successfully completed. The applicant must be advised that the Letter 

of Discontinuance must be presented to the examiner when the 

practical test is resumed, and made part of the certification file. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

The examiner or authorized instructor must evaluate the applicant’s 

ability throughout the practical test or proficiency check to use good 

aeronautical decision making procedures in order to evaluate risks. The 

examiner or authorized instructor must accomplish this requirement by 

developing scenarios that incorporate as many TASKs as possible to 

evaluate the applicants risk management in making safe aeronautical 

decisions. For example, the examiner or authorized instructor may 

develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and 

performance planning. 
SECTION 1 

SPORT PILOT 

WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

(WSCL and WSCS) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-i

SECTION 1—CONTENTS 

SPORT PILOT WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................1-v 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 1-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION...........................................1-1 

 A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) .....1-1 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS).....1-1 

 C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS) .................1-2 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS)..1-2 

 E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) ........1-3 

 F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS) ...............1-3 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS).................1-4 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS)...........1-4 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 To Marine Navigation (WSCS) ..................................1-5 

 J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS)....1-5 

 K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS) ....................1-6 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...........................................1-7 

A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS)....................................1-7 

B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) ................................1-7 

C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS)......................1-8 

D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) ..................1-8 

E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS)............................1-8 

F. Taxiing (WSCL)............................................................1-9 

G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) ........................................1-9 

H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS)................1-10 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-ii

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS...... 1-11 

 A. Radio Communications (WSCL and WSCS).......... 1-11 

 B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS)....................... 1-11 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ................................................ 1-12 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ........... 1-13 

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

(WSCL and WSCS)................................................... 1-13 

B. Power-on and Crosswind Approach and Landing 

 (WSCL and WSCS)................................................... 1-14 

C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) ................ 1-15 

D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) ......... 1-16 

E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS)................. 1-17 

F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS).......... 1-18 

G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS) .. 1-19 

H. Go-around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS) ... 1-19 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS..................................... 1-20 

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS)............................ 1-20 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 1-21 

A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS).................. 1-21 

B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS)..................................... 1-21 

C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS)................ 1-22 

VII. NAVIGATION ................................................................. 1-23 

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ................................ 1-23 

B. Diversion.......................................................... 1-23 

C. Lost Procedures...................................................1-23 

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS....................................... 1-24 

 A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ................................................ 1-24 

 B. Power-off Stall (WSCL and WSCS)........................ 1-24 

 C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness 

 (WSCL and WSCS) ................................................ 1-25 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-iii

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ........................................1-26 

A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) 

(WSCL and WSCS)....................................................1-26 

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 (WSCL and WSCS)....................................................1-26 

C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 (WSCL and WSCS)....................................................1-27 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES.......................................1-28 

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing 

 (WSCL and WSCS)....................................................1-28 

B. Anchoring (WSCS).....................................................1-28 

C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS)...................................1-29 

D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS) ......................................1-29 
Section 1 1-v FAA-S-8081-31 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration 

Certificate, and Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of Airworthiness 

Inspections/Safety Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AFD and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

 Certificate and/or Rating—Sport Pilot 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor’s Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-vii

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPLICANT’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION ______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _____________________________________ 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 to Marine Navigation (WSCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Taxiing (WSCL) 

 G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (WSCL and WSCS) 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-viii

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (WSCL and 

WSCS) 

 B. Power-on and Crosswind Approach and Landing (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Go-around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

 A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Diversion 

 C. Lost Procedures

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL

 A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Power-off Stall (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness (WSCL and WSCS) 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (WSCL and 

WSCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL and WSCS) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-ix

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Anchoring (WSCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS)
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-1

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. certificate privileges, limitations, and currency experience requirements. 

b. medical eligibility 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, Aircraft Flight 

Manual/POH, and flight training supplement. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list, as applicable. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for sport pilot privileges (as 

required by the operating limitations). 

b. procedures and limitations for determining if an aircraft, with inoperative 

instruments and or equipment, is airworthy or in a condition for safe 

operation. 

2. Explaining— 

a. safety directives (as applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test). 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-2

Change 1 (6/9/06) Change 2 (2/22/08)

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84, AC 61-134; FAAH-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

information appropriate to the specific category/class aircraft by consulting 

weather reports, charts, and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting 

sources. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather 

information. 

3. Describes the importance of avoiding adverse weather and inadvertent 

entry into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). 

4. Explains courses of action to safely exit from an inadvertent IMC 

encounter. 

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation Charts; 

A/FD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning 

appropriate to the category/class aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions and 

equipment capabilities. 

6. Determines headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication 

frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, AFD, and other flight 

publications. 

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-3

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Sport pilot privileges applicable to the following classes of airspace— 

a. Class B. 

b. Class C. 

c. Class D. 

d. Class E. 

e. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to the operation of systems on the light-sport aircraft provided for the flight 

test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if applicable: 

1. Wing control and trim. 

2. Water rudders, if applicable. 

3. Powerplant and propeller, if applicable. 

4. Landing gear. 

5. Fuel, oil, hydraulic, and coolant system (if liquid cooled). 

6. Electrical. 

7. Avionics and auxiliary equipment (if installed). 

8. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, as 

appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-4

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs and over-the-counter medications. 

2. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least three (3) 

of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining: 

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as— 

a. size and location. 

b. protected and unprotected areas. 

c. surface wind. 

d. direction and strength of water current. 

e. floating and partially submerged debris. 

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals. 

g. vessel traffic and wakes. 

h. other features peculiar to the area. 

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane performance. 

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required to 

prevent or correct these occurrences. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-5

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

MARINE NAVIGATION (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation by 

explaining: 

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories. 

2. Operating restrictions at seaplane bases, if applicable. 

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation. 

4. Marine navigation aids such as buoys, beacons, lights, and sound signals. 

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight 

Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations 

by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data if appropriate, to 

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations. 

2. Exhibits knowledge of the center of gravity on weight shift performance. 

3. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the weight shift’s 

performance. 

4. Explains the effects and hazards of high wind, referencing the ground 

speed, high rates of turn and power requirements on making downwind 

turns in close proximity to the ground. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-6

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of basic 

aerodynamics and principles of flight including: 

1. Forces acting on a weight shift machine in various flight maneuvers. 

2. Weight shift stability and controllability. 

3. Loads and load factors. 

4. Angle of attack, stalls and stall recovery, including flight situations in 

which unintentional stalls may occur. 

5. Effects and use of wing control, including the purpose and proper 

technique for use. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-7

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least TASKs A, 

B, C, E, and one other TASK as applicable. 

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY (WSCL AND WSCS) 

NOTE: If, in the judgment of the examiner, the demonstration of the WSC assembly 

is impractical, competency may be determined by oral testing. 

REFERENCES: Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the assembly procedures 

following the manufacturer’s procedures. 

2. Selects a suitable assembly area and provides sufficient crewmembers 

for assembly. 

3. Follows the appropriate checklist. 

4. Uses proper tools. 

5. Handles components properly. 

6. Cleans and lubricates parts, as appropriate. 

7. Accounts for all tools and parts at the completion of assembly. 

8. Performs post-assembly inspections, including a control check. 

B. TASK: WING TUNING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to wing tuning procedures. 

2. Describes the correct procedures for tuning the wing to fly straight. 

3. Describes the correct procedures for tuning the wing to fly faster or 

slower. 

4. Exhibits knowledge of the relationship between speed and stability with 

regard to wing tuning. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-8

C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 61-84; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This 

shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking 

each item, and how to detect possible defects. 

2. Inspects the weight shift control aircraft with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Verifies the weight shift control aircraft is in condition for safe flight. 

D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit management 

procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and on each occupant are removed, 

stowed, or secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are 

readily available. 

4. Briefs occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, 

and emergency procedures. 

E. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine 

starting procedures. 

2. Positions the weight shift control aircraft properly considering structures, 

surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and 

property. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-9

F. TASK: TAXIING (WSCL) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi procedures. 

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the weight shift control aircraft 

begins moving. 

3. Positions the wing properly for the existing wind conditions. 

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 

5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances, and 

instructions. 

6. Taxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards. 

G. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; USCG Navigation Rules; International-Inland; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxiing and sailing 

procedures. 

2. Positions the wing properly for the existing wind conditions. 

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxi or sailing considering 

wind, water current, water conditions and maritime regulations. 

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 

5. Uses wing, water rudder, and power correctly so as to follow the desired 

course while sailing. 

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards. 

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-10

H. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. 

This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect 

malfunctions. 

2. Positions the weight shift control aircraft properly considering other 

aircraft/vessels, wind and surface conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the weight shift 

control aircraft is in safe operating condition. 

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, departure, and 

emergency procedures. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to 

taxiing into takeoff position. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-11

Change 1 (6/9/06)

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE 

 OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested orally for 

procedures ONLY. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications at 

airports without operating control towers. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-66; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns at airports 

without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, 

collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, 

±10 knots, if applicable. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-12

C. TASK: AIRPORT RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane base, 

markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base markings and 

lighting. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-13

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND 

GO-AROUNDS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select all TASKs. 

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

(WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of 

crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal crosswind takeoff 

and climb, including rejected takeoff procedures. 

2. Positions the wing for the existing wind conditions. 

3. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the weight shift 

control aircraft on the runway center/takeoff path. 

4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. (WSCS) 

5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off attitude and 

corrects for porpoising and skipping. (WSCS) 

6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to appropriate 

climb speed. 

7. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain appropriate climb speed 

+10/−5 knots or speed recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH 

to maintain control if you have an engine failure. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout 

the takeoff and climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-14

Change 1 (6/9/06)

B. TASK: POWER-ON AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCL 

and WSCS) 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of 

crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a power-on and crosswind 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (WSCS) 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects 

a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration (water 

rudders down) and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as 

required. 

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout 

and touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (WSCS) 

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCL) 

9. Touches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift, 

and with the weight shift control aircraft’s flight path aligned with and over 

the runway center/landing path. 

10. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-15

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated 

by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff and 

climb. 

2. Positions the wing for the existing conditions. 

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering surface 

hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions. 

4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, directional 

control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and increases in water drag. 

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift aircraft from the water considering 

surface conditions. 

7. Establishes proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerates to best climb or 

speed recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH +10/−5 knots during 

the climb. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout 

takeoff and climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-16

Change 1 (6/9/06)

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated 

by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water approach and 

landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, 

and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration (water 

rudders down) and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as 

required. 

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, 

or speed recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH, +10/−5 knots 

and maintains a touchdown pitch attitude and descent rate from the last 

altitude reference until touchdown. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to 

maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown. 

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and slows to idle taxi 

speed. 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-17

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by 

simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff and 

climb. 

2. Positions the wing for the existing conditions. 

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering wind, 

swells surface hazards and/or vessels. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, directional 

control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or excessive bouncing. 

5. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to best climb or speed 

recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH, +10/−5 knots before leaving 

ground effect. 

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout 

takeoff and climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-18

Change 1 (6/9/06)

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by 

simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water approach and 

landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, 

and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration (water 

rudders down) and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as 

required. 

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, 

+10/−5 knots with wind gust factor applied. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control application during 

the roundout and touch down. 

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper airspeed, 

considering the type of rough water. 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-19

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

G. TASK: STEEP APPROACH TO A LANDING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach to a 

landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (WSCS) 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions, and 

selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Demonstrates effective use of controls at the point from which a landing 

can be made using steep approach techniques. 

5. Establishes a ground track aligned with the runway centerline and an 

airspeed, which results in minimum float during the roundout. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the recovery 

from the maneuvers, the roundout, and the touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (WSCS) 

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCS) 

9. Touches down smoothly at an appropriate speed, at or within 400 feet 

beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the weight shift 

aircraft’s ground track aligned with and over the runway centerline. 

10. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing. 

H. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/rejected 

landing. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch attitude 

for best climb and maintains appropriate climb or speed recommended by 

the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH +10/−5 knots. 

4. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid 

conflicting traffic. 

5. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

6. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout 

the climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-20

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns. 

2. Establishes the manufacturers recommended airspeed. 

3. Rolls into a 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank. 

4. Performs the task in opposite direction, as specified by the examiner. 

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and orientation. 

6. Maintains the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±10°, and 

rolls out on the entry heading ±10°. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-21

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course. 

2. Selects a suitable reference area. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 400 feet above the 

ground at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° 

to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and-turning flight to 

maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 400 feet above the 

ground perpendicular to the selected reference line. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn on 

each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line. 

6. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-22

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference point. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 400 feet above the 

ground, at an appropriate distance from the reference point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around 

the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-23

Change 1 (6/9/06), Change 2 (2/22/08) 

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead 

reckoning, as appropriate. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols. 

4. Verifies the aircraft’s position within 3 nautical miles of the flight-planned 

route. 

5. Determines there is sufficient fuel to complete the planned flight, if not, 

has an alternate plan. 

6. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet, and headings, ±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCES: FAA-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and route. 

3. Determines there is sufficient fuel to fly to the alternate airport or landing 

area. 

4. Turns to and establishes a course to the selected alternate destination. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet, and headings, ±15°. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for 

assistance, as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-24

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS 

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during slow 

flight. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower 

than 1,000 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes and maintains a minimum flying airspeed. 

4. Accomplishes straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents 

specified by the examiner. 

5. Divides attention between weight shift control aircraft control and 

orientation. 

6. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet; specified heading, ±10°; 

airspeed, +10/−5 knots, and specified angle of bank, ±10°. 

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALL (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower 

than 1,000 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing configuration, 

as specified by the examiner. Transitions smoothly from the approach or 

landing attitude to a pitch attitude that will induce a stall. 

4. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains a specified 

angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°; in turning flight, while inducing the 

stall. 

5. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by simultaneously 

reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to maximum allowable, and 

leveling the wing to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a 

minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the weight shift control aircraft. 

6. Accelerates to normal speed; returns to the altitude, heading, and 

airspeed specified by the examiner. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-25

C. TASK: WHIP STALL AND TUMBLE AWARENESS (WSCL and WSCS) 

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of whipstall and tumble awareness shall be 

evaluated through oral testing only. 

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to whip stall and tumble awareness by explaining: 

1. Elements related to whip stalls and tumbles. 

2. Flight situations where unintentional whip stalls and tumbles may occur. 

3. The techniques used to avoid whipstalls and tumbles. 

4. The likely results of executing a whip stall or tumble. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-26

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A. 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) 

(WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and 

landing procedures, including energy management. 

2. Establishes and maintains the recommended best glide and airspeed, ±10 

knots. 

3. Selects a suitable landing area. 

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area considering 

altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. 

5. Prepares for landing, or go-around, as specified by the examiner. 

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and equipment 

malfunctions appropriate to the weight shift control aircraft provided for 

the practical test. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated 

emergencies appropriate to the weight shift control aircraft provided for the 

practical test for at least three (3) of the following— 

a. partial or complete power loss. 

b. engine roughness or overheat. 

c. carburetor or induction icing. 

d. loss of oil pressure. 

e. fuel starvation. 

f. electrical malfunction. 

g. flight instruments malfunction. 

h. pitot/static. 

i. landing gear malfunction. 

j. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire. 

k. inadvertent prop strike. 

l. ballistic recovery system if applicable. 

m. any other emergency appropriate to the weight shift aircraft. 

3. Follows the appropriate procedure. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-27

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (WSCL and

 WSCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 91-13, AC 91-58, AC 91-69; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements 

related to emergency equipment appropriate to the following environmental 

conditions: 

1. mountainous terrain. 

2. large bodies of water. 

3. desert conditions. 

4. extreme temperature changes. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 1-28

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: The examiner shall select Task A and for ASES applicants at least one 

other TASK. 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A and for 

WSCS applicants at least one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (WSCL and WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking and 

securing procedures. 

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating to an 

appropriate speed. 

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings and 

lighting. 

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons 

and property. 

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the aircraft 

wing while exiting the aircraft, and properly securing the aircraft in high 

wind conditions. 

7. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

B. TASK: ANCHORING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring. 

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering aircraft movement, 

water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. 

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and 

length to ensure the aircraft’s security. 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 1-29

Change 2 (2/22/08)

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring. 

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction considering 

speed hazards, wind, and water current. 

3. Ensures aircraft security. 

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (WSCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching. 

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property, in the 

proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering water depth, 

tide, current and wind. 

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the aircraft in a manner that will protect it 

from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in water level. 
SECTION 2 

SPORT PILOT 

POWERED PARACHUTE 

(PPCL and PPCS) 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-31 2-i

SECTION 2—CONTENTS 

SPORT PILOT POWERED PARACHUTE 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ..........................................2-v 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 2-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION...........................................2-1 

 A. Certificates and Documents (PPCL and PPCS) .......2-1 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPCL and PPCS).......2-1 

 C. Weather Information (PPCL and PPCS) ...................2-2 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPCL and PPCS)....2-2 

 E. National Airspace System (PPCL and PPCS) ..........2-3 

 F. Operation of Systems (PPCL and PPCS) .................2-3 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (PPCL and PPCS)...................2-4 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPCS)............2-4 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 to Marine Navigation (PPCS) ....................................2-5 

 J. Performance and Limitations (PPCL and PPCS)......2-5 

 K. Principles of Flight (PPCL and PPCS) ......................2-5 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES ...........................................2-6 

A. Preflight Inspection (PPCL and PPCS)........................2-6 

B. Canopy Layout (PPCL and PPCS) ..............................2-6 

C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPCL and PPCS)..............2-6 

D. Cockpit Management (PPCL and PPCS) ....................2-7 

E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPCL and PPCS) ..............2-7 

F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPCS) .........................................2-8 

G. Before Takeoff Check (PPCL and PPCS)....................2-8 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-ii

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS........ 2-9 

 A. Radio Communications (PPCL and PPCS).............. 2-9 

 B. Traffic Patterns (PPCL and PPCS)........................... 2-9 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting 

 (PPCL and PPCS) .................................................. 2-10 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS ........... 2-11 

A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPCL and PPCS).......... 2-11 

B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPCL and PPCS)... 2-12 

C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) ................. 2-13 

D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) .......... 2-14 

E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS).................. 2-14 

F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPCS)........... 2-15 

G. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (PPCL and PPCS)..... 2-15 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER...................................... 2-16 

A. Constant Altitude Turns (PPCL and PPCS) ........... 2-16 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS ........................ 2-17 

A. Rectangular Course (PPCL and PPCS).................... 2-17 

B. S-Turns (PPCL and PPCS)....................................... 2-17 

C. Turns Around a Point (PPCL and PPCS).................. 2-18 

VII. NAVIGATION ................................................................. 2-19 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (PPCL and PPCS).... 2-19 

B. Diversion (PPCL and PPCS).................................... 2-19 

C. Lost Procedures (PPCL and PPCS) ....................... .2-19 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS........................................ 2-20 

A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) 

(PPCL and PPCS) (SS)............................................. 2-20 

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 (PPCL and PPCS)..................................................... 2-20 

C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

 (PPCL and PPCS)..................................................... 2-21 
Section 2 FAA-S-8081-31 2-iii

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES.......................................2-22 

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing 

 (PPCL and PPCS)......................................................2-22 

B. Anchoring (PPCS)......................................................2-22 

C. Docking and Mooring (PPCS)....................................2-23 

A. Ramping/Beaching (PPCS) .......................................2-23 
Section 2 2-v FAA-S-8081-31 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION ____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate, Registration 

Certificate, and Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Logbook Record of Airworthiness 

Inspections/Safety Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Chart 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AFD and Appropriate Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

 Certificate and/or Rating—Sport Pilot 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner's Fee (if applicable) 
Section 1 FAA-S-8081-31 2-vii

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Weather Information (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (PPCL and PPCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (PPCL and PPCS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (PPCL and PPCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 To Marine Navigation (PPCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (PPCL and PPCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (PPCL and PPCS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Preflight Inspection (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Canopy Layout (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPCL and PPCS) 

 F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPCS) 

 G. Before Takeoff Check (PPCL and PPCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

 A. Radio Communications (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (PPCL and PPCS) 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 1 2-viii

Change 1 (6/6/06) 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

 A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 G. Go-around/Rejected Landing (PPCL and PPCS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

 A. Constant Altitude Turns (PPCL and PPCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

 A. Rectangular Course (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. S-Turns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (PPCL and PPCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Diversion (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Lost Procedures (PPCL and PPCS) 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (PPCL and 

 PPCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (PPCL and ..

 PPCS) 

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Anchoring (PPCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (PPCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (PPCS) 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-1

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating 

Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. certificate privileges, limitations, and currency 

experience requirements. 

b. medical eligibility. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

flight training supplement. 

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list, as applicable. 

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Operating Limitations. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for sport pilot privileges 

(as required by the operating limitations). 

b. procedures and limitations for determining if the aircraft, 

with inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy 

or in a condition for safe operation. 

2. Explaining— 

a. safety directives (as applicable to the aircraft brought for 

flight test). 

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record 

keeping. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-2 

Change 1 (6/9/06) and Change 2 (2/22/08) 

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84, AC 

61-134; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather 

information appropriate to the specific category/class aircraft by 

consulting weather reports, charts and forecasts from 

aeronautical weather reporting sources. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

3. Describes the importance of avoiding adverse weather and 

inadvertent entry into instrument meteorological conditions 

(IMC). 

4. Explains courses of action to safely exit from an inadvertent 

IMC encounter. 

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AC 

61-84; Navigation Charts; A/FD; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country 

flight planning appropriate to the category/class aircraft. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints, as appropriate. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions 

and equipment capabilities. 

6. Determines headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and 

communication frequencies, if so equipped. 

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, A/FD, and other 

flight publications. 

9. Completes a navigation plan and simulates filing a VFR flight 

plan. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-3

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; FAA-H-8083-

29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: 

1. Sport pilot privileges applicable to the following classes of 

airspace: 

a. Class B. 

b. Class C. 

c. Class D. 

d. Class E. 

e. Class G. 

2. Special use and other airspace areas. 

3. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). 

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8038-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to the operation of systems on the light-sport aircraft 

provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following 

systems, if applicable: 

1. Canopy/riser and control system. 

2. Flight instruments and engine instruments. 

3. Landing gear. 

4. Engine and propeller. 

5. Fuel, oil, electrical and coolant system (if liquid cooled). 

6. Avionics and auxiliary equipment, as installed. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-4 

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining: 

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications. 

2. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. stress and fatigue. 

g. dehydration. 

h. hypothermia 

H. TASK: WATER AND POWERED PARACHUTE—SEA 

CHARACTERISTICS (PPCS) 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to water and powered parachute—sea characteristics 

by explaining: 

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, 

such as— 

a. size and location. 

b. protected and unprotected areas. 

c. surface wind. 

d. direction and strength of water current. 

e. floating and partially submerged debris. 

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals. 

g. vessel traffic and wakes. 

h. other features peculiar to the area. 

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on aircraft 

performance. 

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required 

to prevent or correct these occurrences. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-5

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO 

MARINE NAVIGATION (PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine 

navigation by explaining: 

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in 

directories. 

2. Operating restrictions at seaplane bases, if applicable. 

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane 

operation. 

4. Marine navigation aids such as buoys, beacons, lights, and 

sound signals. 

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8032-29. 

Objective. To determine the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and 

limitations by explaining the effects of temperature, altitude, 

humidity, and wind. 

2. Determines if weight and center of gravity is within limits. 

3. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the PPC’s 

performance and limitations. 

4. Explains the effects and hazards of high winds, referencing the 

ground speed, high rates of turn, and power requirements on 

making downwind turns in close proximity to the ground. 

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of at least 

three (3) of the following aerodynamic principles: 

1. Aerodynamics with respect to steering. 

2. Propeller/Engine Torque Compensation. 

3. Pendulum effect in PPCs. 

4. Load factor effects in level flight and turns. 

5. Wing flaring characteristics. 

6. Explain the characteristics of improper chute rigging. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-6 

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least 

TASKs A, B, C, E, and for PPCS, TASK F. 

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8038-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight 

inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, 

the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

defects. 

2. Inspects the powered parachute with reference to an 

appropriate checklist, or procedure. 

3. Ensures that risers are properly attached and the chute is 

properly trimmed. 

4. Verifies the powered parachute is in condition for safe flight. 

B. TASK: CANOPY LAYOUT (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of canopy layout. 

2. Explains how to identify a line-over and demonstrates how to 

remove a line-over. 

3. Verifies that canopy and riser system is laid out properly and in 

condition for inflation. 

4. Demonstrates the ability to untwist twisted canopy suspension/

steering lines. 

5. Verifies suspension and steering lines are not tangled or twisted. 

C. TASK: ENGINE WARM UP/STARTING (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended 

engine starting/warm up procedures. 

2. Positions the powered parachute properly considering structures, 

surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-7

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit are secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so 

they are readily available. 

4. Briefs occupant on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, 

methods of egress, and other emergency procedures. 

E. TASK: TAXIING (CANOPY INFLATED) (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of taxiing with canopy 

inflated. 

2. Positions PPC properly for existing wind conditions. 

3. Monitors position and shape of canopy/riser system during taxi. 

4. Centers the chute using power and steering as required. 

5. Avoids other aircraft and ground hazards. 

6. Controls direction and speed for 100 feet of forward movement. 

7. Completes proper engine shutdown and canopy deflation 

procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-8 

F. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; USCG Navigation Rules; InternationalInland; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and 

sailing procedures. 

2. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the 

canopy transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag 

to water taxi position. 

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or 

sailing considering wind, water current, water conditions, and 

maritime regulations. 

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder, and power correctly so as to 

follow the desired course while sailing. 

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping. 

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards. 

8. Complies with PPC base signs, signals, and clearances. 

G. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each 

item and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Reviews takeoff performance, takeoff distances, departure, 

and emergency procedures. 

3. Positions the powered parachute properly considering wind, 

other aircraft, and surface conditions. 

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for run-up and 

takeoff. 

5. Ensures the powered parachute is in safe operating condition. 

6. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-9

Change 1 (6/9/06) and Change 2 (2/22/08) 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE 

BASE OPERATIONS 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PPCL and PPCS) 

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested 

orally for procedures ONLY. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications at airports without operating control towers. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Receives, acknowledges and complies with radio communications 

and complies with instructions. 

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AC 

90-66; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns 

and shall include procedures at airports with and without 

operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, 

collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-10 

C. TASK: AIRPORT RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING (PPCL 

 and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane 

base, markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion 

avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base markings 

and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-11

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND

 GO-AROUNDS

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select all TASKs. 

A. TASK: NORMAL TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal takeoff 

and climb operations and rejected takeoff procedures. 

2. Clears the area. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the canopy 

transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag to taxi 

position. 

5. Checks canopy, ensuring that all end cells are fully inflated and 

canopy is centered, lines are free and unobstructed and in 

condition for takeoff. 

6. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the throttle 

smoothly to takeoff power. (PPCS) 

7. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/climb attitude 

and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (PPCS) 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 

10. Complies with noise abatement procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-12 

B. TASK: NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCL and 

PPCS) 

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of minimizing crosswind elements 

shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal approach 

and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (PPCS) 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, 

and selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration and adjusts power as required. 

5. Maintains a stabilized approach. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during 

the flare and touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (PPCS) 

8. Touches down smoothly. (PPCS) 

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing sequence and touchdown. 

10. Completes proper engine shutdown and canopy deflation 

procedure. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-13

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

takeoff and climb. 

2. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering 

surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions. 

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle 

smoothly to takeoff power. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and 

increases in water drag. 

5. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift PPCS from the water 

considering surface conditions. 

6. Establishes proper attitude. 

7. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-14 

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCS) 

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding 

terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration, and adjusts power as required. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments 

to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to 

touchdown. 

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude. Maintains 

directional control throughout the approach and landing 

sequence. 

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

takeoff and climb. 

2. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path 

considering wind, swells surface hazards, and/or vessels. 

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the 

throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, 

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or 

excessive bouncing. 

5. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

6. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout takeoff and climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-15

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCS) 

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be 

evaluated by simulating the TASK. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water 

approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding 

terrain, and other watercraft. 

4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown area. 

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing 

configuration, and adjusts power as required. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control inputs 

during the roundout and touch down. 

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, considering the 

type of rough water. 

8. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and 

landing sequence. 

G. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/

rejected landing. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 

3. Applies takeoff power immediately. 

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, after a positive rate 

of climb is established. (PPCS) 

5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and 

avoid conflicting traffic, if appropriate. 

6. Maintains appropriate power to a safe maneuvering altitude. 

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the climb. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-16 

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

A. TASK: CONSTANT ALTITUDE TURNS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to constant altitude 

turns. 

2. Plans the maneuver no lower than 200 feet AGL. 

3. Rolls into a constant bank 360° turn. 

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the 

examiner. 

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and 

orientation. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet, and rolls out on the entry heading 

±10°. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-17

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE 

 MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one ground reference 

maneuver. 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select at least one 

ground reference maneuver. 

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular 

course. 

2. Selects a suitable reference area, considering all obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet 

above ground level at an appropriate distance from the 

selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-andturning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the 

rectangular reference area. 

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 

B. TASK: S-TURNS (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line, considering all 

obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet 

above the ground. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant 

radius turn on each side of the selected reference line. 

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected 

reference line. 

6. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-18 

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a 

point. 

2. Selects a suitable ground reference point, considering all 

obstacles. 

3. Plans the maneuver so as to not descend below 200 feet 

above the ground, at an appropriate distance from the reference 

point. 

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius 

turn around the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the 

ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. 

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-19

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and 

dead reckoning, as appropriate. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Verifies the aircraft’s position within 3 nautical miles of the 

flight-planned route. 

5. Determines there is sufficient fuel to complete the planned 

flight, if not, has an alternate plan. 

6. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°. 

B. TASK: DIVERSION 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and 

route. 

3. Determines there is sufficient fuel to fly to the alternate airport 

or landing area. 

4. Turns to and establishes a course to the selected alternate 

destination. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet, and heading, ±15°. 

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC 

facility for assistance, as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-20 

Change 1 (6/9/06) and Change 2 (2/22/08) 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A. 

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) 

(PPCL and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

approach and landing procedures. 

2. Analyzes the situation and selects an appropriate course of 

action. 

3. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area 

considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. 

4. Prepares for landing or go-around, as specified by the 

examiner. 

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (PPCL 

 and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment 

malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

aircraft used for the practical test, in at least three (3) of the 

following areas, if applicable— 

a. engine/oil and fuel. 

b. electrical. 

c. carburetor or induction icing. 

d. smoke and/or fire. 

e. flight control/trim. 

f. propeller. 

g. any other emergency unique to the powered parachute flown. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-21

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (PPCL 

and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: AC 91-13, AC 91-58, AC 91-69; FAA-H-8083-3, FAAH-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual; POH; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the 

elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the following 

environmental conditions: 

1. Mountainous terrain. 

2. Large bodies of water. 

3. Desert conditions. 

4. Extreme temperature changes. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-22 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the examiner shall select TASK A 

and all other TASKs as applicable. 

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (PPCL 

and PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, 

parking, and securing procedures. 

2. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings 

and lighting. 

3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

5. Protects canopy/riser system from the hot engine while stowing/

securing. 

B. TASK: ANCHORING (PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring. 

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering PPCS’s 

movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. 

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient 

strength and length to ensure the PPCS’s security. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 2 2-23

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and 

mooring. 

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction 

considering speed hazards, wind, and water current. 

3. Ensures PPCS security. 

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (PPCS) 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/

POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching. 

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property, 

in the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering 

water depth, tide, current, and wind. 

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the PPCS in a manner that will 

protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes 

in water level. 
SECTION 3 

SPORT PILOT 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-i

SECTION 3—CONTENTS 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

CHECKLISTS 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 3-iii 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Weight Shift Control......................................3-v 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Weight Shift Control .................................... 3-ix 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Powered Parachute .................................. 3-xiii 

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist for 

Flight Instructor—Powered Parachute.................................. 3-xvii 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description ..................3-1 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section...........................................3-2 

Special Emphasis Areas ...........................................................3-3 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial .....................3-4 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites— 

Additional Privileges..................................................................3-5 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional 

Privileges-Registered Ultra-Light Instructor ..............................3-6 

Flight Instructor Responsibility ..................................................3-6 

Examiner Responsibility............................................................3-6 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check— 

Satisfactory Performance..........................................................3-8 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check— 

Unsatisfactory Performance......................................................3-9 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance When 

Adding Additional Category/Class Privileges..........................3-10 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance When 

Adding Additional Category/Class Privileges..........................3-11 

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor 

Certificate ................................................................................3-11 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-ii

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. FUNDAMENTAL OF INSTRUCTING ............................ 3-13 

 A. The Learning Process............................................. 3-13 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication..... 3-13 

 C. The Teaching Process............................................ 3-14 

 D. Teaching Methods .................................................. 3-14 

 E. Critique and Evaluation........................................... 3-14 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and 

 Responsibilities....................................................... 3-15 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity................................. 3-15 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS ................................... 3-16 

 A. Aeromedical Factors............................................... 3-16 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance .............. 3-17 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications ...... 3-17 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements ..... 3-18 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT.............................................. 3-19 

 A. Maneuver Lesson ................................................... 3-19 
Section 3 3-iii FAA-S-8081-31 

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER: 

EXAMINER’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION _____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME ____________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents: Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: Airworthiness Inspections/Safety 

 Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Flight Manual or 

 Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM 

 Current Airport Facility Directory

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification—Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Medical Certificate or Driver’s License 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-11, Application for an Airman 

 Certificate and/or Rating—Sport Pilot 

 Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Logbook with Instructor’s Endorsement 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Examiner's Fee (if applicable) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-v

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

APPLICANT’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION ______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTAL OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The examiner must select TASK F and one other TASK. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

 PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

Note: The examiner must select one maneuver TASK. 

 Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of operation 

appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor privileges they 

seek (Refer to the appropriate category/class section of the PTS). 

Notes listed under each area of operation identify the TASKs that 

must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is identified, in 

other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-vi

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs J and K and two other 

TASKs. 

 A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 To Marine Navigation (WSCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select two TASKs. 

 A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Taxiing (WSCL) 

 G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Radio Communications (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-vii

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK H and one takeoff/landing 

TASK. 

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 

 B. Power-on and Crosswind Approach and Landing (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A. 

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Diversion (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Lost Procedures (WSCL and WSCS)

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL 

Note: The examiner must select TASK C and one other TASK. 

 A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Power-off Stall (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness (WSCL and WSCS) 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-viii

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A, and one other other 

task for WSCs. 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (WSCL 

and WSCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL and 

WSCS) 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A, and one other TASK 

for WSCS. 

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (WSCL and 

WSCS) 

 B. Anchoring (WSCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-ix

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—WEIGHT SHIFT CONTROL 

APPLICANT’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION ______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The instructor may select any of the below listed FOI TASKs 

for a proficiency check. However, the TASKs are not required on a 

proficiency check. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED 

IN FLIGHT 

Note: The instructor must select one maneuver TASK. 

 Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of operation 

appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor privileges they 

seek (Refer to the appropriate category/class section of the PTS). 

Notes listed under each area of operation identify the TASKs that 

must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is identified, in 

other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-x

SEE SECTION 1 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs F and K. 

 A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS)

 G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 To Marine Navigation (WSCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS)

 K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select two TASKs. 

 A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (WSCL and WSCS) 

 E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS) 

 F. Taxiing (WSCL) 

 G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK C. 

 A. Radio Communications (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-xi

Change 2 (2/22/08)

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK H and one takeoff/

landing TASK. 

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (WSCL and 

 WSCS) 

 B. Power-on and Crosswind Approach and Landing (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS) 

 G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 H. Go-around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS) 

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Diversion (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Lost Procedures (WSCL and WSCS)

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL 

Note: The instructor must select TASK C and one other TASK. 

 A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Power-off Stall (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness (WSCL and WSCS) 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xii

Change 2 (2/22/08) 

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (WSCL 

 and WSCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (WSCL and WSCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL and WSCS) 

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A and one other TASK 

for WSCS. 

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (WSCL and WSCS) 

 B. Anchoring (WSCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS)
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-xiii

Change 1 6/9/06 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST FOR FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR—POWERED PARACHUTE 

APPLICANT’S NAME_____________________________ 

LOCATION_____________________________________ 

DATE/TIME_____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The examiner must select TASK F and one other TASK. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED 

IN FLIGHT 

Note: The examiner must select one maneuver TASK. 

 Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of operation 

appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor privileges they 

seek (Refer to the appropriate category/class section of the PTS). 

Notes listed under each area of operation identify the TASKs that 

must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is identified, in 

other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xiv

Change 6/9/06 

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS 

AREAS OF OPERATION 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs J and K and two other 

TASKs. 

 A. Certificates and Documents (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Weather Information (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (PPCL and PPCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (PPCL and PPCS) 

 G. Aeromedical Factors (PPCL and PPCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 to Marine Navigation (PPCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (PPCL and PPCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (PPCL and PPCS)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs B and E. 

 A. Preflight Inspection (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Canopy Layout (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPCL and PPCS) 

 F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPCS) 

 G. Before Takeoff Check (PPCL and PPCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Radio Communications 

 (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (PPCL and PPCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-xv

Change 1 6/9/06 

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK G and one takeoff/landing 

TASK. 

 A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 G. Go-around/Rejected Landing (PPCL and PPCS)

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A. 

 A. Constant Altitude Turns (PPCL and PPCS)

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. S-Turns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (PPCL and PPCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The examiner must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Diversion (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Lost Procedures (PPCL and PPCS) 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A and one other TASK. 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (PPCL 

and PPCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (PPCL and 

PPCS) 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xvi

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The examiner must select TASK A and one other TASK 

for PPCS. 

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Anchoring (PPCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (PPCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (PPCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-xvii

INSTRUCTOR’S PROFICIENCY CHECK CHECKLIST FOR 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR—POWERED PARACHUTE 

APPLICANT’S NAME _____________________________ 

LOCATION ______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _____________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

Note: The instructor may select any of the below listed FOI 

TASKs for a proficiency check. However, these TASKs are not 

required on a proficiency check. 

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

Note: The examiner must select TASK D and one other TASK. 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications 

 D. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED 

IN FLIGHT 

Note: The examiner must select one maneuver TASK. 

 Maneuver Lesson 

Instructor applicants must be tested in the following areas of operation 

appropriate to the aircraft category/class instructor privileges they 

seek (Refer to the appropriate category/class section of the PTS). 

Notes listed under each area of operation identify the TASKs that 

must be tested. In some cases the specific TASK is identified, in 

other cases a minimum number of TASKs are identified. 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xviii

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

Note: The examiner must select TASKs F and K. 

 A. Certificates and Documents (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Weather Information (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. National Airspace System (PPCL and PPCS) 

 F. Operation of Systems (PPCL and PPCS)

 G. Aeromedical Factors (PPCL and PPCS) 

 H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPCS) 

 I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids 

 to Marine Navigation (PPCS) 

 J. Performance and Limitations (PPCL and PPCS) 

 K. Principles of Flight (PPCL and PPCS)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select TASKs B and E. 

 A. Preflight Inspection (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Canopy Layout (PPCL and PPCS)

 C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPCL and PPCS) 

 D. Cockpit Management (PPCL and PPCS) 

 E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPCL and PPCS)

 F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPCS) 

 G. Before Takeoff Check (PPCL and PPCS) 

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK C. 

 A. Radio Communications 

 (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Traffic Patterns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Airport Runway Markings and Lighting (PPCL and 

PPCS)
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-xix

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK G and one takeoff/landing 

TASK. 

 A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPCS) 

 F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPCS) 

 G. Go-around/Rejected Landing (PPCL and PPCS)

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Constant Attitude Turns (PPCL and PPCS) 

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Rectangular Course (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. S-Turns (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Turns Around a Point (PPCL and PPCS) 

VII. NAVIGATION 

Note: The instructor must select one TASK. 

 A. Pilotage (PPCL and PPCS) 

 B. Diversion (PPCL and PPCS) 

 A. Lost Procedures (PPCL and PPCS) 

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A. 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (PPCL 

and PPCS) 

 B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPCL and PPCS) 

 C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (PPCL and 

PPCS) 
FAA-S-8081-30 Section 3 3-xx

IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Note: The instructor must select TASK A and one other TASK 

for PPCS. 

 A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPCL and PPCS)

 B. Anchoring (PPCS) 

 C. Docking and Mooring (PPCS) 

 D. Ramping/Beaching (PPCS) 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-1

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT 

PRIVILEGES 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description 

This section provides guidance and procedures for obtaining a Flight 

Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for adding privileges to 

an existing Flight Instructor Certificate at the sport pilot level. 

Information provided in the Introduction of this practical test standard 

also applies to this section. 

The examiner or authorized instructor determines that the applicant 

meets the TASK Objective through the demonstration of competency in 

all elements of knowledge and/or skill unless otherwise noted. The 

Objectives of TASKs in certain AREAS OF OPERATION, such as 

Fundamentals of Instructing and Technical Subjects, include only 

knowledge elements. Objectives of TASKs in AREAS OF OPERATION 

that include elements of skill, as well as knowledge, also include 

common errors, which the applicant shall be able to describe, 

recognize, analyze, and correct. 

The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either 

the FAA inspector or an FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts 

an official practical test or proficiency check. When an examiner 

conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the capacity of an 

authorized instructor. 

At the flight instructor level, the Objective of a TASK that involves pilot 

skill consists of four parts. The four parts include determination that the 

applicant exhibits: 

1. instructional knowledge of the elements of a TASK. This is 

accomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulated 

instruction; 

2. instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK, 

including their recognition, analysis, and correction; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances; and 

4. the ability to analyze and correct common errors related to a 

TASK. 

Use of the Flight Instructor Section 

The FAA requires that all flight instructor practical tests and proficiency 

checks be conducted in accordance with the policies set forth in this 

practical test standard. The flight instructor applicant must be prepared 

to demonstrate the ability to instruct effectively in ALL TASKs included 

in the AREAS OF OPERATION appropriate to the category/class 

unless otherwise noted. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-2

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

A proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and 

flight proficiency IAW 14 CFR part 61.419. A proficiency check shall be 

administered using the appropriate PTS for the category of aircraft 

when a pilot or a flight instructor adds new category/class privileges.

Upon successful completion of the proficiency check the authorized 

instructor will endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating the added 

category/class of equipment that the applicant is authorized to operate.

When an examiner conducts a proficiency check they are acting in the 

capacity of an authorized instructor.

All of the procedures and maneuvers to be tested are included in the 

sport pilot practical test standards. The flight instructor section contains 

the AREAS OF OPERATION that are generic to all flight instructor 

evaluations. Flight instructors must also be tested on TASKS located in 

the appropriate category/class section the PTS. Those TASKs are listed 

in the examiner’s practical test checklist and the instructor’s proficiency 

check checklist. The mandatory TASKs are identified by a note located 

in each area of operation. In some cases specific TASKs are identified. 

In other cases the examiner/instructor selects one or more TASKs in an 

area of operation for evaluation. This allows for the practical test for 

initial certification and additional privileges to be completed within a 

reasonable time frame. 

The term “instructional knowledge” means the instructor applicant is 

capable of using the appropriate reference to provide the “application or 

correlative level of knowledge” of a subject matter topic, procedure, or 

maneuver. It also means that the flight instructor applicant’s discussions, 

explanations, and descriptions should follow the recommended teaching 

procedures and techniques explained in FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation 

Instructor’s Handbook. 

In preparation for the practical test or proficiency check, the examiner or 

authorized instructor shall develop a written “plan of action.” The “plan 

of action” for an initial certification test shall include the required Tasks 

and one or more TASKs in the Fundamentals of Instruction, Technical 

Subject Area and the Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Preformed 

in Flight AREAS OF OPERATION. Additionally, the examiner shall test 

the required TASK(s) listed in the examiner’s practical test checklist, for 

the appropriate category. The “plan of action” must always include the 

required TASKs noted in each AREA OF OPERATION. Any TASK 

selected shall be evaluated in its entirety.
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-3

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

If the applicant is unable to perform a TASK listed in the “plan of action” 

due to circumstances beyond his/her control, the examiner or 

authorized instructor may substitute another TASK from the applicable 

AREA OF OPERATION. 

The “plan of action” used by an authorized instructor for a proficiency 

check administered for the addition of an aircraft category and/or class 

privilege to a Flight Instructor Certificate shall include TASKs required in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the instructor’s proficiency 

check checklist located in this section. 

With the exception of the required TASKs, the examiner or authorized 

instructor shall not tell the applicant in advance which TASKs will be 

included in the “plan of action.” The applicant shall be prepared in ALL

knowledge and skill areas included in the standards. Throughout the 

flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the examiner or 

authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s ability to 

simultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures and maneuvers, 

and to give flight instruction to students at various stages of flight 

training and levels of experience. 

The examiner or authorized instructor is expected to use good 

judgment in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The 

examiner or authorized instructor shall not simulate any condition that 

may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the aircraft. 

The use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration 

must be given to local conditions, both meteorological and 

topographical, at the time of the test, as well as the applicant’s 

workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the procedure being 

evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will 

simulate that portion of the maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners or authorized instructors shall place special emphasis upon 

areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. Among 

these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying 

the aircraft); 

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence and low level windshear avoidance; 

6. runway incursion avoidance; 

7. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

8. aeronautical decision making /risk management; 

9. checklist usage; 

10. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-4

11. special use airspace (SUA); 

12. aviation security; 

13. spatial disorientation; and 

14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

The examiner or authorized instructor shall place special emphasis on 

the applicant’s demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and 

sound judgment in aeronautical decision making/risk management. 

Evaluation of the applicant’s ability to teach judgment shall be 

accomplished by asking the applicant to describe the presentation of 

practical problems that would be used in instructing students in the 

exercise of sound judgment. The examiner or authorized instructor shall 

also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant’s demonstrated ability to 

teach the special emphasis areas.

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will be evaluated 

in accordance to the standards of the tasks and the ability to use good 

judgment reference the special emphasis areas listed above. 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial 

An applicant for a flight instructor—initial certification practical test is to: 

1. be at least 18 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards required by 14 CFR part 61; 

3. hold at least a current and valid Sport Pilot Certificate or 

higher with an aircraft category and class, privilege or rating 

appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; 

4. have passed the fundamentals of instructing knowledge test 

since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in 

which he/she takes the practical test or meet the requirements 

of 14 CFR part 61; 

5. have passed the appropriate sport pilot flight instructor 

knowledge test(s) appropriate to the category/class the applicant 

is since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in 

which he/she takes the practical test; and 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-5

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has been given flight training in the AREAS 

OF OPERATION specified in 14 CFR part 61 and a written 

statement from an authorized flight instructor within the 

preceding 60 days, in accordance with section 61.39, that 

instruction was given in preparation for the practical test. The 

endorsement shall also state that the instructor finds the 

applicant prepared for the required practical test, and that the 

applicant has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the 

subject area(s) in which the applicant was deficient on the 

airman knowledge test. 

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional Privileges 

A certificated flight instructor seeking privileges to provide flight training 

in an additional category/class of light-sport aircraft is required by 

14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. hold a valid pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to the flight 

instructor category and class, privileges or rating sought; 

2. receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION specified in 14 CFR part 61 for 

the additional category/class privilege sought; 

3. successfully pass a proficiency check from an authorized 

instructor other than the instructor who conducted the training 

in the AREAS OF OPERATION specified in 14 CFR part 61 for 

the additional category/class privilege sought; and 

4. receive a logbook endorsement certifying proficiency in the 

required AREAS OF OPERATION and authorized for the 

additional category/class privilege. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-6

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional Privileges—

Registered Ultra-light Instructor 

If you are a registered ultra-light instructor with an FAA-recognized 

ultra-light organization on or before September 1, 2004, and you want to 

apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, not later 

than January 31, 2008— 

1. You must hold either a current and valid Sport Pilot Certificate, 

a current Recreational Pilot Certificate and meet the 

requirements of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.101(c), or at least 

a current and valid Private Pilot Certificate issued under this 

part. 

2. You must meet the eligibility requirements in 14 CFR part 61, 

sections 61.403 and 61.23. You do not have to meet the 

aeronautical knowledge requirements specified in section 

61.407, the flight proficiency requirements specified in section 

61.409 and the aeronautical experience requirements specified 

in section 61.411, except you must meet the minimum total 

flight time requirements in the category and class of light-sport 

aircraft specified in section 61.411. 

3. You do not have to meet the aeronautical knowledge 

requirement specified in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.407(a) if 

you have passed an FAA-recognized ultra-light organization’s 

fundamentals of instruction knowledge test. 

4. You must submit a certified copy of your ultra light pilot records 

from the FAA-recognized ultra-light organization. Those records 

must— 

a. Document that you are a registered ultra-light flight 

instructor with that FAA-recognized ultra-light organization; 

and 

b. Indicate that you are recognized to operate and provide 

training in the category and class of aircraft for which you 

seek privileges.

5. You must pass the knowledge test and practical test for a flight 

instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating applicable to the 

aircraft category and class for which you seek flight instructor 

privileges.

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

flight instructor applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each 

AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate category/class in this 

practical test standard. In addition, the rated flight instructor is required 

to prepare the flight instructor applicant in all tasks in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION listed in Section 3. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-7

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of 

knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to 

students. The flight instructor must certify that the applicant is: 

1. able to make a practical application of the fundamentals of 

instructing; 

2. competent to teach the subject matter, procedures, and 

maneuvers included in the standards to students with varying 

backgrounds and levels of experience and ability; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that required at the 

sport pilot level; and 

4. competent to pass the required practical test for the issuance 

of the Flight Instructor Certificate—Sport Pilot with the associated 

category/class privileges or the addition of a category/class 

privileges. 

Throughout the flight instructor applicant’s training, the flight instructor 

is responsible for emphasizing the performance of, and the ability to 

teach, effective visual scanning, runway incursion avoidance, and 

collision avoidance procedures. The flight instructor applicant should 

develop and use scenario based teaching methods particularly on 

special emphasis areas. These areas are covered in AC 90-48, Pilot’s 

Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook; 

FAA-H-8083-11, Balloon Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-13, Glider 

Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-21, Rotorcraft Flying Handbook; FAA-H8083-23, Seaplane, Skiplane and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter 

Handbook; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical 

Knowledge; and the current Aeronautical Information Manual. 

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test or the authorized instructor 

conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the 

applicant meets acceptable standards of teaching ability, knowledge, 

and skill in the selected TASKs. The examiner or authorized instructor 

makes this determination by accomplishing an Objective that is 

appropriate to each selected TASK, and includes an evaluation of the 

applicant’s: 

1. ability to apply the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of, and ability to teach, the subject matter, 

procedures, and maneuvers covered in the TASKs; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances; and 

4. ability to describe, recognize, analyze, and correct common 

errors related to the skill procedures and maneuvers covered in 

the TASKs. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-8

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

It is intended that oral questioning be used at any time during the 

ground or flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check to 

determine that the applicant can instruct effectively and has a 

comprehensive knowledge of the TASKs and their related safety 

factors. 

During the flight portion of the practical test the examiner or during 

proficiency check the authorized instructor shall act as a student during 

selected maneuvers. This will give the examiner or authorized instructor 

an opportunity to evaluate the flight instructor applicant’s ability to 

analyze and correct simulated common errors related to these 

maneuvers. The examiner or authorized instructor will place special 

emphasis on the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision 

avoidance procedures, and the applicant’s ability to teach those 

procedures. 

Examiners or authorized instructors should to the greatest extent 

possible test the applicant’s application and correlation skills. When 

possible scenario based questions should be used during the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

If the examiner or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is 

incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the examiner or authorized 

instructor may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, or portions of 

that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and 

does not mean that instruction, practice or the repeating of an 

unsatisfactory task is permitted during the certification process. When 

practical, the remaining TASKs of the practical test or proficiency check 

phase should be completed before repeating the questionable TASK. 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check—Satisfactory 

Performance 

An applicant who seeks initial flight instructor certification will be 

evaluated in all AREAS OF OPERATION of the standards appropriate 

to the category/class privileges sought. The examiner shall refer to the 

examiner’s practical test checklist, for the appropriate category, located 

in this section, to determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF 

OPERATION. 

The practical test is passed if, in the judgment of the examiner, the 

applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to: 

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas; 

3. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

the pilot certification process; 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-9

4. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements; 

5. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

sport pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction; 

6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers 

selected by the examiner; 

7. competence in describing, recognizing, analyzing, and correcting 

common errors simulated by the examiner; and 

8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of 

training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan. 

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Check—Unsatisfactory 

Performance 

If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the 

standards of performance of any TASK performed, the applicable 

AREA OF OPERATION is considered unsatisfactory and therefore, the 

practical test or proficiency check is failed. The examiner or applicant 

may discontinue the test at any time when the failure of an AREA OF 

OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible for the certificate or rating 

sought. The test will be continued only with the consent of the 

applicant.

If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those 

AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs satisfactorily 

performed. However, during the retest and at the discretion of the 

examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously 

considered satisfactory. 

A specific reason for disqualification is: 

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more 

precise level than that indicated in the Sport Pilot 

tolerances while giving effective flight instruction; 

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation 

while demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation 

during the demonstration must be clear, concise, 

technically accurate, and complete with no prompting from 

the examiner); 

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe 

flight; or 

4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning 

techniques to clear the area before and while performing 

maneuvers. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-10

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

When a Disapproval Notice is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of AREA(s) OF 

OPERATIONS and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard 

appropriate to the practical test conducted. If the applicant fails the 

practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of 

Disapproval shall indicate the associated TASK. AN EXAMPLE 

WOULD BE: AREA OF OPERATION VI, TRAFFIC PATTERNS, 

FAILURE TO TEACH PROPER COLLISION AVOIDANCE 

PROCEDURES. 

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance When Adding 

Additional Category/Class Privileges 

The authorized instructor shall refer to the instructor’s proficiency check 

checklist, for the appropriate category, located in this section, to 

determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF OPERATION. 

The proficiency check is passed if, in the judgment of the authorized 

instructor, the applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with 

regard to: 

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas; 

3. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

the pilot certification process; 

4. knowledge of the flight instructor’s responsibilities concerning 

logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements; 

5. be able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in 

the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the 

Sport Pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction; 

6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers 

selected by the examiner; 

7. competence in describing, recognizing, analyzing, and correcting 

common errors simulated by the examiner; and 

8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of 

training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan. 

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to their Flight 

Instructor Certificate, the evaluating authorized instructor shall, upon 

successful completion of the proficiency check, endorse the applicant’s 

logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to instruct in an 

additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor 

shall forward FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-11

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance When Adding 

Additional Category/Class Privileges

When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standards in the 

PTS, the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check shall 

annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11 and 

forward it to Airman Registry within 10 days. A Notice of Disapproval 

will NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be 

provided with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific 

TASKs not meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive 

additional training. 

A specific reason for disqualification is: 

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more precise 

level than that indicated in the Sport Pilot tolerances while 

giving effective flight instruction; 

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while 

demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during 

the demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, 

and complete with no prompting from the authorized 

instructor); 

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight; 

or 

4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques 

to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) found deficient during the 

proficiency check, the recommending instructor shall endorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant has received additional 

instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency 

check. The applicant shall complete a new FAA Form 8710-11, and the 

recommending instructor shall endorse the application. The authorized 

instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, shall 

evaluate the applicant. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a 

complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor, shall forward the 

FAA Form 8710-11 to Airman Registry within 10 days and indorse the 

applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional privileges. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-12

Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor Certificate 

14 CFR part 61, sections 61.197(a)(1) and 61.199(a) allow an individual 

that holds a Flight Instructor Certificate to renew or reinstate that 

certificate by passing a practical test. The examiner shall develop a 

plan of action that includes at least one TASK, in each AREA OF 

OPERATION, in the examiner’s practical test checklist, located in this 

section, for the appropriate category. The Renewal or Reinstatement of 

one rating on a Flight Instructor Certificate renews or reinstates all 

privileges existing on the certificate. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-13

I. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK F and one other TASK. 

A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements of the learning process by describing: 

1. Learning theory. 

2. Characteristics of learning. 

3. Principles of learning. 

4. Levels of learning. 

5. Learning physical skills. 

6. Memory. 

7. Transfer of learning. 

B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements of the teaching process by describing: 

1. Human behavior— 

a. control of human behavior. 

b. human needs. 

c. defense mechanisms. 

d. the flight instructor as a practical psychologist. 

2. Effective communication— 

a. basic elements of communication. 

b. barriers of effective communication. 

c. developing communication skills.
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-14

C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of 

the elements of the teaching process by describing: 

1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period. 

2. Presentation methods. 

3. Application, by the student, of the material or procedure presented. 

4. Review and evaluation of student performance. 

D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements of teaching methods by describing: 

1. Material organization. 

2. The lecture method. 

3. The cooperative or group learning method. 

4. The guided discussion method. 

5. The demonstration-performance method. 

6. Computer-based training method. 

E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements of critique and evaluation by explaining: 

1. Critique— 

a. purpose and characteristics of an effective critique. 

b. methods and ground rules for a critique. 

2. Evaluation— 

a. characteristics of effective oral questions and what types to avoid. 

b. responses to student questions. 

c. characteristics and development of effective written questions. 

d. characteristics and uses of performance test, specifically, the FAA 

practical test standards. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-15

Change 1 (6/9/06) 

F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing: 

1. Aviation instructor responsibilities in— 

a. providing adequate instruction. 

b. establishing standards of performance. 

c. emphasizing the positive. 

d. developing plans of action for use during proficiency checks. 

e. completion of FAA Form 8710-11. 

2. Flight instructor responsibilities in— 

a. providing student pilot evaluation and supervision. 

b. preparing practical test recommendations and endorsements. 

c. determining requirements for conducting additional training and 

endorsement requirements. 

d. conducting proficiency checks for additional category/class privileges. 

3. Professionalism as an instructor by— 

a. explaining important personal characteristics. 

b. describing methods to minimize student frustration. 

G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of 

the elements of planning instructional activity by describing: 

1. Developing objectives and standards for a course of training. 

2. Theory of building blocks of learning. 

3. Requirements for developing a training syllabus. 

4. Purpose and characteristics of a lesson plan. 
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-16

II. AREA OF OPERATION: TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK D and at least one other TASK. 

A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge 

of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing: 

1. How to obtain an appropriate medical certificate. 

2. How to obtain a medical certificate in the event of a possible 

medical deficiency. 

3. The causes, symptoms, effects, and corrective action of the 

following medical factors— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. fatigue and stress. 

h. dehydration. 

i. hypothermia. 

4. The effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to flight 

safety. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-17

B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-48; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of 

the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing: 

1. Relationship between a pilot’s physical condition and vision. 

2. Environmental conditions that degrade vision. 

3. Vestibular and visual illusions. 

4. “See and avoid” concept. 

5. Proper visual scanning procedure. 

6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits and increased collision 

risk. 

7. Proper clearing procedures. 

8. Importance of knowing aircraft blind spots. 

9. Relationship between aircraft speed differential and collision risk. 

10. Situations that involve the greatest collision risk. 

C. TASK: FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; NTSB part 830; AC 00-2, FAA-H-8083-25; 

Aircraft Flight Manual/POH; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of 

the elements related to Code of Federal Regulations and publications: 

1. Availability and method of revision of 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91, and NTSB 

part 830 by describing— 

a. purpose. 

b. general content. 

2. Availability of flight information publications, advisory circulars, practical test 

standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAA-approved flight manuals by 

describing— 

a. availability. 

b. purpose. 

c. general content.
FAA-S-8081-31 Section 3 3-18

D. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE ENDORSEMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; AC 61-65. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

elements related to logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing: 

1. Required logbook entries for instruction given. 

2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate 

logbook entries. 

3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test/proficiency check, 

including appropriate logbook entry for— 

a. initial pilot certification. 

b. additional pilot certification. 

c. additional aircraft category/class privileges. 

d. make and model privileges. 

e. single-seat aircraft. 

4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the 

required FAA flight review. 

5. Required flight instructor records. 
Section 3 FAA-S-8081-31 3-19

Change 2 (2/22/08)

III. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER 

TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

NOTE: Examiner shall select at least one maneuver TASK, and ask the applicant to 

present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver as the lesson would be taught to 

a student. 

A. TASK: MANEUVER LESSON

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; 

FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the 

selected maneuver by: 

1. Stating the purpose. 

2. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description, including the elements 

and common errors. 

3. Using instructional aids, as appropriate. 

4. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of common errors. 

Note: Refer to the appropriate checklist for those additional items that must 

be tested in section 1 or 2 of the PTS.