II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 751 

To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of humananimal chimeras. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 9, 2023 

Mr. BRAUN (for himself and Mr. LANKFORD) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 

A BILL 

To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain 

types of human-animal chimeras. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Human-Animal Chi5 mera Prohibition Act of 2023’’. 

6 SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN HUMAN-ANIMAL CHI7 MERAS. 

8 Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended 

9 by inserting after chapter 51 the following: 


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•S 751 IS

1 ‘‘CHAPTER 52—CERTAIN TYPES OF 

2 HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERAS PROHIBITED 

‘‘Sec. 

‘‘1131. Definitions. 

‘‘1132. Prohibition on human-animal chimeras. 

3 ‘‘§ 1131. Definitions 

4 ‘‘In this chapter: 

5 ‘‘(1) HUMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human em6 bryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapi7 ens during the earliest stages of development, from 

8 1 cell up to 8 weeks after conception. 

9 ‘‘(2) PROHIBITED HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERA.— 

10 The term ‘prohibited human-animal chimera’ 

11 means— 

12 ‘‘(A) a human embryo into which a 

13 nonhuman cell or cells (or the component parts 

14 thereof) have been introduced to render the em15 bryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens 

16 uncertain; 

17 ‘‘(B) a human-animal embryo produced by 

18 fertilizing a human egg with nonhuman sperm; 

19 ‘‘(C) a human-animal embryo produced by 

20 fertilizing a nonhuman egg with human sperm; 

21 ‘‘(D) an embryo produced by introducing a 

22 nonhuman nucleus into a human egg; 

23 ‘‘(E) an embryo produced by introducing a 

24 human nucleus into a nonhuman egg; 


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1 ‘‘(F) an embryo containing at least haploid 

2 sets of chromosomes from both a human and a 

3 nonhuman life form; 

4 ‘‘(G) a nonhuman life form engineered 

5 such that human gametes develop within the 

6 body of a nonhuman life form; 

7 ‘‘(H) a nonhuman life form engineered 

8 such that it contains a human brain or a brain 

9 derived wholly or predominantly from human 

10 neural tissues; 

11 ‘‘(I) a nonhuman life form engineered such 

12 that it exhibits human facial features or other 

13 bodily morphologies to resemble human fea14 tures; or 

15 ‘‘(J) an embryo produced by mixing 

16 human and nonhuman cells, such that— 

17 ‘‘(i) human gametes develop within 

18 the body of the resultant organism; 

19 ‘‘(ii) it contains a human brain or a 

20 brain derived wholly or predominantly from 

21 human neural tissues; or 

22 ‘‘(iii) it exhibits human facial features 

23 or other bodily morphologies to resemble 

24 human features. 


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•S 751 IS

1 ‘‘§ 1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chi2 meras 

3 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per4 son to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate com5 merce— 

6 ‘‘(1) create or attempt to create a prohibited 

7 human-animal chimera; 

8 ‘‘(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human 

9 embryo into a nonhuman womb; 

10 ‘‘(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non11 human embryo into a human womb; or 

12 ‘‘(4) transport or receive for any purpose a pro13 hibited human-animal chimera. 

14 ‘‘(b) PENALTIES.— 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection 

16 (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not 

17 more than 10 years, or both. 

18 ‘‘(2) CIVIL PENALTY.—Whoever violates sub19 section (a) shall be subject to a civil fine of the 

20 greater of— 

21 ‘‘(A) $1,000,000; or 

22 ‘‘(B) the amount equal to twice the 

23 amount of the gross pecuniary gain, if any. 

24 ‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section does 

25 not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic ani26 mal models containing human genes or transplantation of 


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•S 751 IS

1 human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if 

2 such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).’’. 

3 SEC. 3. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 

4 The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 

5 States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat6 ing to chapter 51 the following: 

‘‘52. Certain types of human-animal chimeras prohibited 1131.’’. 

Æ 


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