SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

417 

KA 12-02303 

PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, DEJOSEPH, AND NEMOYER, JJ. 

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT, 

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

JOSEPH TUCKER, III, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

(APPEAL NO. 1.) 

 

MICHAEL J. STACHOWSKI, P.C., BUFFALO (MICHAEL J. STACHOWSKI OF

COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

FRANK A. SEDITA, III, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (MICHAEL J. HILLERY

OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT. 

 

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Erie County

(Christopher J. Burns, J.), rendered December 12, 2012. The judgment

convicted defendant, after a nonjury trial, of robbery in the second

degree (six counts). 

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is

unanimously reversed on the law and a new trial is granted. 

Memorandum: In appeal No. 1, defendant appeals from a judgment

convicting him upon a nonjury verdict of six counts of robbery in the

second degree (Penal Law §§ 20.00, 160.10 [1]; [2] [b]). In appeal

No. 2, defendant appeals by permission of this Court from an order

denying his motion pursuant to CPL 440.10 seeking to vacate the

judgment of conviction.

With respect to appeal No. 1, we reject defendant’s contention

that the testimony of his accomplices was not sufficiently

corroborated and thus that the conviction is not supported by legally

sufficient evidence. We conclude that the testimony of the victims

tended to connect defendant with the crime and harmonized with the

narrative provided by the accomplices in such a way that Supreme Court

could have been reasonably satisfied that the accomplices were telling

the truth (see People v Reome, 15 NY3d 188, 191-192; People v

Highsmith, 124 AD3d 1363, 1364, lv denied 25 NY3d 1202; People v

Rimmen, 17 AD3d 1078, 1079, lv denied 5 NY3d 768). Moreover, the incourt identifications of defendant by two of the victims, although

equivocal, were “sufficient to satisfy the minimal requirements of the

accomplice corroboration statute” (People v Jones, 85 NY2d 823, 825;

see CPL 60.22 [1]; People v Billingsley, 128 AD3d 1520, 1520-1521, lv

denied ___ NY3d ___ [Mar. 16, 2016]).
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KA 12-02303 

We agree with defendant, however, that he is entitled to a new

trial because the court violated his right to counsel when it failed

to conduct a sufficient inquiry into his complaint regarding a

conflict of interest with defense counsel. Prior to commencement of a

scheduled suppression hearing, defense counsel informed the court

that, based on recent discussions, defendant wanted to request new

counsel, and that there had been a breakdown in communication between

defense counsel and defendant regarding the issues that they needed to

address. Defendant subsequently confirmed that he was requesting new

assigned counsel and informed the court that he had filed a grievance

against defense counsel resulting in a conflict of interest. 

“[A]lthough there is no rule requiring that a defendant who has filed

a grievance against his attorney be assigned new counsel, [a] court

[is] required to make an inquiry to determine whether defense counsel

[can] continue to represent defendant in light of the grievance”

(People v McCullough, 83 AD3d 1438, 1440, lv denied 17 NY3d 798; see

People v Smith, 25 AD3d 573, 575, lv denied 6 NY3d 853; see also

People v Brown, 305 AD2d 422, 423). Moreover, “where potential

conflict is acknowledged by counsel’s admission of a breakdown in

trust and communication, the trial court is obligated to make a

minimal inquiry” (People v Porto, 16 NY3d 93, 101; see People v Sides,

75 NY2d 822, 824-825). We thus conclude on this record that the court

was obligated to make a minimal inquiry (see Sides, 75 NY2d at 825;

McCullough, 83 AD3d at 1440; Smith, 25 AD3d at 575-576).

The court failed to fulfill that obligation. Instead, upon

defense counsel’s representation that defendant wanted new assigned

counsel and that there had been a breakdown in communication, the

court told defendant that he could retain any attorney he wanted and

asked him whether he could afford to do so (see Sides, 75 NY2d at

824). Defendant then stated that he had filed a grievance against

defense counsel and, as he began to explain that defense counsel was

not properly handling his case, the court cut defendant off, expressed

its opinion that defense counsel had provided him with competent

representation, and indicated that it would not allow defendant to

“change lawyers on the day of a hearing just because [he was] not

comfortable with it.” The record thus demonstrates that the court,

without conducting any inquiry, failed to provide defendant with an

opportunity to explain his complaints (see People v Beard, 100 AD3d

1508, 1512; People v Branham, 59 AD3d 244, 245). Indeed, the court

“erred by failing to ask even a single question about the nature of

the disagreement or its potential for resolution” (Sides, 75 NY2d at

825). “[H]ad the court conducted that inquiry, it might well have

determined that, despite the defendant’s allegedly having filed a

grievance, the grievance was merely a delaying tactic or that the

defense counsel was, despite the grievance, fully capable of providing

the defendant with effective representation” (Smith, 25 AD3d at 575-

576). The court could not, however, summarily dismiss the request

(see Sides, 75 NY2d at 825; Beard, 100 AD3d at 1512).

In light of our determination, we dismiss appeal No. 2 as

academic (see People v Wilson, 5 NY3d 778, 779 n; People v Oxley, 64

AD3d 1078, 1084, lv denied 13 NY3d 941), and there is no need to 
-3- 417 

KA 12-02303 

address defendant’s remaining contentions.

Entered: May 6, 2016 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court