626

62-7

Bruno Balke, Human Tolerances, Apr.
1962.

The ultimate limitations in flight per-
formance and in future civil air carrier
equipment are limitations imposed by
what may be termed “human tolerances.”
The first effort by airline personnel to
determine the most desirable crew com-
position and methods of selection, with
respect to the Supersonic Transport, have
been based, in part, upon this report (see
the paper by Mr, J. G, Brown of United
Airlines, ASME-AHGT-84, March 1963).

A. Howard Hasbrook and John C. Earley.
Failure of Rearward Facing Seat-Backs
and Resulting Injuries in a Survivable
Transport Accident, Apr. 1962,

Rearward facing seats are generally su-
perior to forward facing seats with re-
spect to impact survival. However,
improperly installed aft facing seats can
be hazardous. This report describes one
such case. As a result of this report, all
Military Air Transport Service aircraft
were checked, and corrections made to
all aft facing seats found improperly
installed.

Paul W. Smith. Toxic Hazards in Aerial
Application, Apr, 1962,

The Civil Aeronautics Board has pto-
vided all of its field accident investigators
with copies of this comprehénsive study
of the toxic hazards in aeridi application
activities. In addition, the, major organ-
izations involved in crop ‘dusting have}
requested copies of this report, and
utilizing the recommendations made initt.
A. Howard Hasbrook, J. D, Garner, and
Clyde C. Snow. Evacuation Pattern
Analysis of a Survivable Commercial Air-
craft Crash, May 1962,

This study provides facts on the reasons
for the failure of all occupants to evac-
uate a survivable jet aircraft accident.
The major U.S, airlines have utilized the
report, including its utilization as a text-
book in crew emergency training courses,

-2-

62-10 Jack W. Daugherty, Dane Eugene Lacey,

and Patricia Korty. Problems in Aerial
Application: I, Some Biochemical Ef-
fects of Lindane and Dieldrin on Verte-
brates, May 1962.

Investigation of the relatively unknown
biochemical effects of organic insecti-
cides is conducted at CARI. It is pro-
jected that these studies will result in
preventive, protective, and therapeutic
measures which will decrease the morbid-
ity and mortality rates in the field of
aerial application, The investigation of
the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
lindane and dieldrin is discussed in this
report.

62-11 Glenn R, Hawkes. Tactile Communica-

tion, May 1962,

Human skin is seldom used for message
communication purposes but it can be —
and usefully so. The use of tactile com-
munication in aviation is relatively un-
exploited for situations when visual and
auditory stimuli reach the saturation
point. The report suggests possibilities
in this regard plus the possibility of trans-
mitting emergency warning signals.

62-12 J. Robert Dille, Norris L. Newton, and

James F. Culver. The Effects of Sim-
ulated Altitude on Penetrating Eye In-
juries, May 1962,

Air may exist in the human eye following
injury or surgery. The effects of aerial
flight, at reduced barometric pressure,
upon these conditions are reported and
guidelines are given for evaluating these
cases for Trane buitetin by aircraft.

62-13 John-J. Swearingen, A, H, Hasbrook, R.

G, Snyder, and E. B, McFadden. Kine-
matic Behavior of the Human Body Dur-
ing Deceleration, June 1962,

This report describes the areas that ma’
be traversed by the human head,

and extremities during flailing motions in
crashes with seat belt restraint only.
Lethal structures of present aircraft seat-
ing and cockpit arrangements are re-
venled by correlating crash injuries with
these kinematic data.


*

II. SUMMARY INDEX

A

. Acceleration (Angular)
effects of:

arousal | upon nystagmus induced, 62-17

Acceleration tolerance
human, 62-6, 62-19

Accidents
caused by:
birds, 62-4
commercial
evacuation pattern, 62-9
Aerial application
toxic hazards, 62-8, 62-10

Aerospace medicine
research, 62-20

Age factors see under Traffic
_ control operators

Air crews
oxygen mask efficiency, 62-21

Air traffic control operators see under
Traffic control operators

Air transportation of patients ’
eye injuries, 62-12 4 '
’ Aircraft passengers | ;
oxygen mask efficiency, eos
. Altitude 7 ; ,
effects on: )

penetrating eye injuries, 212 /
tolerance, 62-6 , Vv

ae cause of accidents, 62-4
effects of airpfane noise, 62-4

Blood pressure
. effects of:

venous pressure on kidney function, 62-18
-5-

Body
center of gravity determination, 62-14
flailing during deceleration, 62-13

c

Caloric stimuli
effects of:
arousal upon nystagmus induced, 62-17

Case reports
extreme vertica] impact, 62-19

Center of gravity
determination
body, 62-14

Cold
tolerance, 62-6

Crop dusting see Aerial application
Cutaneous signals, 62-11, 62-16
D

Decompression sickness
tolerance, 62-6

Depth perception, 62-15

E
Energy .
etpenditure with work, 62-5
Fant H
Heat |
tolerance, a6

Human engineering
aircraft seats, eA, €%7
oxygen masks, 62-71

Hypercapnia
tolerance, 62-6

Hyperventilation
tolerance, 62-6


¥

61-1

L CARI REPORTS

1961

David K. Trites, Problems in Air Traffic
Management: I. Longitudinal Predic-
tion of Effectiveness of Air Traffic Con-
trollers, Dec, 1961.

This report discusses the contribution of
psychological testing to the screening of
applicants for air traffic control work.

e significance of ATC school instruc-
tors’ evaluations in predicting future
job performance as controllers is also
reported,

1962

John J. Swearingen, C, D, Wheelwright,
and J. D. Garner. An Analysis of Sitting
Areas and Pressures of Man, Jan. 1962.

Heretofore, a paucity of information has
been available to the design engineers
relative to the seat pressures exerted by
occupants of aircraft. Uncomfortable
and fatiguing seats have resulted, This
report provides seat pressure distribution
data which is being utilized by certain
helicopter and aircraft dedigners in an
effort to, fabrickte seats which better
accommodate thi to the occu-
pant. The impli¢ations concerning the
protection these newer seats afford the
occup&nts during impacts are fasite sig-
nificant in impact survival.

Bart B, Cobb, Jr. Problems/in Air Traf-
fic Management: II. Prediction of Suc-
cess in Air Traffic Controller School, Feb.
1962. ,

Specific information is provided concern-
ing CARI’s successful research program
on the selection of air traffic controller
students, As a result of this study, the
Civil Service Commission incorporated in

62-4

-1-

“Announcement 281-B, Career Oppor-
tunities in the FAA for Air Traffic Con-
trol Specialist,” dated May 22, 1962,
certain tests recommended by this re-
search. It is estimated that more than
two million dollars will be saved through
this study since potentially unfit persons
will be eliminated from entrance into
training.

David K. Trites and Bart B. Cobb, Jr.
Problems in Air Traffic Management:
III. Implications of Age for Training and
Job Performance of Air Traffic Control-
lers, Feb, 1962,

The data in this report confirms con-
clusively the existence of an inverse rela-
tionship between chronological age upon
entry into ATC training and school and
later job performance.

John J. Swearingen and Stanley R. Moh-
Jer, Sonotropic Effects of Commercial
Air Transport Sound on Birds, Mar. 1962.

Repeated difficulties experienced by cer-
tain turboprop aircraft with regard to
starling ingestion may be, in part, due to
the sonotropic effects of various frequen-
cies for these small birds, Suggestive
observations are discussed and possible
remedies provided,

P. F'fampietro and Ralph F, Goldman.
Prediction of Energy Cost of Treadmill
Work, Apr, 1962.

The utilization of the treadmill as an in-
strument to determine physical fitness
has become a widespread activity. Cer-
tain considerations relative to the inter-
relationships between rate, load and in-
eline are reported for the utilization of
those conducting these studies on airmen.


- =

Specific data for the use of aeronautical
design engineers are provided, and are
of significance in particular to the future
SST and light plane designs, plus all
other planes now on the drawing board,

62-14 John J. Swearingen. Determination of

Centers of Gravity of Man, Aug, 1962.

During abrupt decelerations, the occu-
pant tends to spin around his center of
gravity. Consequently, the design of
shoulder harnesses and other restraint
systems must take this information into
consideration. This report has provided
the design engineers with the requisite
facts for consideration in this regard.

62-15 Walter C. Gogel. The Visual Perception

of Size and Distance, July 1962.

The perception of the size of objects and
the depth between them is important in
aviation. The importance of perception
of absolute distance, convergence of the
eyes, and accommodation is challenged.
A different mechanism, the adjacency
principle, is proposed as the key process
in judging distance visually,

62-16 Glenn R. Hawkes, Absolute Identifica-

tions of Cutaneous Stimuli Varying in
Both Intensity Level and Duration, Sept.
1962,

This report discusses the effects of spac-
ing, intensity, and duration of the stimuli;
immediate knowledge of results; and ex-
perience, upon the amqunt of information
that can be transmitted by cutaneous com-
munication, The implications have a bear-
ing on tactile communication processes.

curs during instrument flying) produces
a heightened responsivity of the nystag-
mus (involuntary eye flicks to and fro).
The study bears directly upon IFR
vertigo problems.

62-18 Lemer B, Hinshaw, Charles M. Brake,

P. F, Iampietro, and Thomas E. Emerson,
Jr. Effect of Increased Venous Pressure
on Renal Hemodynamics, Oct, 1962,

Pressure in the renal vein is increased
during changes in body posture, conges-
tive heart failure, and, relatively, in shock
and low blood pressure, The resultant
effects upon the kidney blood flow and
urine composition are poorly understood,
yet are important to the physical and
laboratory evaluation of airmen.

62-19 Richard G, Snyder. A Case of Survival

of Extreme Vertical Impact in Seated
Position, Oct, 1962.

The envelope of impact survival forces
for human beings is being determined at
CARI, so that the concentrated effort can
be given to providing for survival of all
accidents falling within this envelope.
Emerging from these studies is the fact
that the outer limits of human impact
survival are considerably greater than
was heretofore recognized. The implica-
tions for crash impact survival are of the
greatest significance.

62-20 Stanley R. Mohler. Civil Aeromedical

Research: Responsibilities, Aims, and
Accomplishments, Oct. 1962.

+.A comprehensive survey of the civil aero-
medical research program of the FAA is

* 62-17 William E,/ Collins, ‘Manipulation, of
: Arousal and Its Effects on Human Nes-
: tibular Nystagmus Induced by GAloric
Irrigation and Angular Accelerations,
Oct. 1962,
Evaluations of the reactions to vestibular:
stimulation frequently show effects of  ‘

provided, along with documented in-
stances of ‘yfécific contributions made to
ajr safety. +

62-21 Emest B. McFadden, James W. Raeke, and

Joseph W, Young. An Improved Method
for Determining the Efficiency of Crew

drugs, frequency of rotation and general
features ofthe response. The results of
several experiments, in which methods of
controlling the psychological attitude of
the subject were evaluated, are reported
here, Active mental work (such as oc-

-3-

and Passenger Oxygen Masks, Nov, 1962.

A method of determining oxygen mask
leakage is evaluated, This method suc-
cessfully determined the deficiencies in
a newly-designed passenger oxygen mask
which was subsequently discarded,


Impact
body flailing during, 62-13
vertical, 62-19
Insecticides
toxicity, 62-8, 62-10

K

Kidney function
effects of:
increased venous pressure, 62-18

N
Nystagmus
effects of:
arousal, 62-17

Oxygen masks
evaluation
crew, 62-21

passenger, 62-21

P

Physical work
effects of:
grade (incline), 62-5
load, 62-5
rate, 62-5
effects on:
oxygen consumption, 62-5
tolerance, 62-6 ,
Psychological testing see under Tjaffie
contro] operators i

y
ry

Seats
human engineering, 62-1, 62-7
rearward facing, 62-7

Selection see under Traffic control
operators

Sensory perception see Tactile perception;
Visual perception

Size perception, 62-15
Skin see Tactile perception

T

Tactile perception
effects of:
duration, 62-16
intensity level, 62-16
use for communication, 62-11
Traffic control operators
age factors, 62-3
instructors’ evaluations
importance of, 61-1
psychological testing, 61-1, 62-2
selection, 61-1, 62-2, 62-3

prediction of success, 61-1, 62-2, 62-3
Training see under Traffic control
operators
v

Visual per
size and distance, 62-15

*U. & GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 0 - 716-028


AD 431 924

RESUME AND INDEX OF REPORTS

: . OF THE
CIVIL AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
+1961 - 1962

63-2

Sate

FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY
AVIATION MEDICAL SERVICE
AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH DIVISION
CIVIL AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

FEBRUARY 1963



I. AUTHORS

Balke, Bruno 62-6

Brake, Charles M. 62-18
Cobb, Bart B., Jr. 62-2, 62-3
Collins, William E, 62-17
Culver, James F. 62-12
Daugherty, Jack W, 62-10
Dille, J. Robert 62-12

Earley, John C, 62-7
Emerson, Thomas E., Jr. 62-18.

_ Gamer, J.D, 62-1, 62-9

yi

Gogel, Walter C, 62-15

Goldman, Ralph F. 62-5

Hasbrook, A. Howard 62-7, 62-9, 62-13
Hawkes, Glenn R. 62-11, 62-16
Hinshaw, Lerner B, 62-18

‘Iampietro, P. F, 62-5, 62-18

Korty, Patricia 62-10
Lacey, Dane E, 42-10

‘McFadden, E, B, 62-13, 62-21 .

Mobler, Stanley R, 62-4, 62.20 *
NeWwton, Norris L. 69,12

Raeke, James W. ai

Smith, Paul W, 62-8

Snow, Clyde C, 62-9

Snyder, Richard G, 62-13, 62-19
Swearingen, John J, 62-1, 62-4, 62-13, 62-14
Trites David K, 61-1, 62-3

Wheelwright C.D, 62-1

Young Joseph W, 62-21

Fon

-4-


_AESUME AND INDEX OF REPORTS
OF THE
CIVIL AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
1961 - 1962

(79) '- STANLEY R. MOHLER, a0.
‘Ghief,-Aeromedical Research-Division
Diseotor-Givil eromedical: Research Institute

.@,_“ J. ROBERT DILLE, MLD.
Acttag:Chief, Aeromedical Clinical-Services Division
Program Advisory Officer»CARI

,
FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY .

id AVIATION MEDICAL SERVICE
AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH DIVISION
CIVIL AREOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

FEBRUARY 1963

‘
1

ug


-¥*

FOREWORD

This Résumé and Index is prepared as a quick reference for use by
those engaged in civil aviation and related activities, It provides, in
capsule form, a descriptive statement of each CARI Report published
in 1961 and 1962.

Requests for copies of the reports listed should be forwarded to the
Director, Civil Aeromedical Research Institute.

We

y
ry

il