FIL ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T DECEMBER 16, 2010 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 1 0- 11 61 3 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Age nc y No. A0 96 -1 01 -1 48 SOPHIE EPOSI LINGONDO, Pet it io ne r, ve rs us U.S. ATTO RNEY GENERAL, Res po nd en t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Pet it io n fo r Rev ie w of aDeci si on of t he Bo ardof I m

m ig rat io n Ap pe al s

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (Dece m be r 16 , 20 10 ) Befo re BLACK, HULL andFAY, Circ ui t J ud ge s. PER CURI AM:So ph ie Epo si Lin go nd o, a n at iv e an d c it iz enof C am ero on , pet it io ns for

rev ie w of the Bo ardof I m m ig rat io n Ap pe al s’ (BIA) d eci si onaffi rm in g t he Im m ig rat io n J ud ge ’s (IJ ) de ni al of a sylum an d wi th ho ld in g o f rem ov al un de r th e Im m ig rat io n a ndNati on al ity Act (I NA), andrel ie f un de r th e Uni te d Nat io ns Co nv en ti on Agai ns t To rtu re an d Othe r Cru el , Inh um an , or Deg rad in g Tre atm en t orPuni sh m en t (C AT). On rev ie w, Ling on do arg ue s (1 ) th e IJvi ol at edhe r du e pr oc es s ri gh ts an d (2 ) sh e es tabl is he d awell -fo un de d o r li ke ly fear of futur e pe rs ecu ti on . W e rev ie w each is su e in tu rn . I. Lin go nd o fi rs t ar gu es th e IJvi ol at edhe r du e p ro ces s ri gh ts by dep riv in g h er of a fai r rem ov al he ari ng . She co nt en ds th e IJdi d n otactas ane ut ral fact -fi nd er, pr ejud ge d h er cl ai m , ass um edth e Gov ern m en t’s ro le , andin hi bi te d h er co un se l fro m co nduc ti ng a m ean in gf

ul di rectex am in at io n. W e la ckjuri sd ic ti on to rev ie w cla im s the pe ti ti on er fa il edto rai se be fo re the BIA, reg ard le ss of wh ethe r th e BIA ad dr es se d t he cla im s su a s po nt e . Amaya -Art un du ag a v . U.S. Att ’y Gen
. , 46 3 F .3d12 47 , 12 50 –5 1 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 6) . A du e p ro ces s cl ai m

th atall eg es a pe ti ti on er was “ de ni eda fu ll an d fa ir h eari ng be fo re a n eu tra l fa ct -fi nd er i s p reci se ly the ki ndof p ro cedur al erro r whi chrequi res ex haus ti on .” Amaya -Art un du ag a , 46 3 F .3dat 1 25 1. Lin go nd o fa il edto rai se an y
2cl ai m

co nc ern in g t he de ni al of afai r he ari ng , bi as , or adu e p ro ces s v io lati onto th e BIA. Bec au se sh e fai le d t o e xh au stth e is su e we la ckjuri sd ic ti on to co ns id er i t. II. Lin go nd o n ex t ar gu es th e BIA erredby con cl ud in g s he fai le d t o de m on st rat e a wel l-f

ou nd edfearof f

utur e p ers ecu ti on . She cla im s h er h us ba nd ’s tri be tar ge te d h er fa m il y

aft er h er h us ba ndrefu se d t o b eco m e ch ie f, an d s he be li ev es th e tr ib e wil l co m e aft er h er i f sh e returns to Cam ero on . She co nt en ds if he r hu sb an d h as be enki ll ed , sh e co ul d s uf fer the same fate, o r if

he is ali ve , sh e m ay be cap tu redto for ce h im ou t o f hi di ng . Alte rn at iv el y , if h er h us ba ndha s be co m e ch ie f, sh e fears sh e wil l b e subjec te d t o fe m al e g en it al m ut il at io n (F GM). W e rev ie w th e BIA’s co nc lu si on s u nd er the subs ta nt ia l-e vi de nc e te st , and th e BIA’s co nc lu si on s wi ll be affi rm edif s up po rte d b y reas on ab le , subs tant ia l, an d pr ob at iv e ev id en ce b as edup on th e rec or d a s a wh ol e. For gu e v. U.S. At t’yGen. , 40 1 F .3d12 82 , 12 86 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ) (ci ta ti on om it te d) . For u s t o re ve rs e th e BIA’s d eci si on un de r th is tes t, we m us t fi ndth e rec or d c om

pe ls a co nt rary co nc lu si on , no t m erel y

th atitsupp orts on e. Adef emi v . Ash cr of

t , 38 6 F .3d10 22 , 10 27 (11 th Cir . 20 04 ). An ap pl ic an t ca n e st ab li sha well -fo un de d fe ar o f fu tu re p ers ecu ti onby sh owi ng a fearba se d upo n areas on ab le po ss ib il ity of f utur e p ers ecu ti on on 3acco un t o f a p ro te ct edgro un d, tha t i s b ot h “ subjec ti ve ly genui ne an d o bjec ti ve ly

reas on ab le .” Kaze mza de h v . U.S. Att ’y Gen
. , 57 7 F .3d13 41 , 13 52 (11 th Cir . 20 09 ). An al ie n c anest ab li sh a ne xu s b etweenth e fea r of pe rs ecu ti on an d a pr ot ect edgro un d “ by pres en ti ng sp eci fic , det ai le d fa ct s s ho win g ago odreas on to fearth athe or s he wil l b e si ng le d o ut forpe rs ecu ti on onacco un t o f su ch [p ro te ct ed ] gr ou nd .” Meh metiv. U.S. Att ’y Gen
. , 57 2 F .3d11 96 , 12 00 (11 th Cir . 20 09 ) (ci ta ti on an d quo tati on om it te d) . An al ie n c anals o e st ab li sh a well -fo un de d fearof f utur e p ers ecu ti on by sho win g a“pa tt ernor p ract ic e” i n the subjec t co un try of pe rs ecu ti ng “ a g ro up of p ers on s s im il arl y si tu at edto th e ap pl ic an t o n a cco un t o f [a p ro te ct edgro un d]” an d h er o wn m em be rs hi p i n s uc h agro up . 8 C.F.R. § 2 08 .13 (b )(2 )(i ii ). Subs tant ia l ev id en ce s up po rts th e BIA’s d et erm in at io n t ha t Li ng on do fai le d to est ab li sh he r el ig ib il ity forasylu m . If tri be sm enha d k il le d h er h us ba nd , as s he te st ifi edsh e b el ie ve d, Li ng on do di d n otha ve anob jecti ve reas on to fearcap tu re, FGM, o r de ath, b ecau se th os e fea rs rev ol ve d a ro un d t he tri be ’s con ti nu edin te res t in he r hu sb an d. Kaze mza de h , 57 7 F .3dat 1 35 2. Th ere i s n o o bjec ti ve ba si s fo r he r fear of

futur e h arm

inCam ero on , as i t h as be eneig hty ears si nc e h er h us ba nd was ch os ento be ch ie f an d the re i s n o e vi de nc e th e tr ib e h as an y co nt in ui ng in te res t i n h im

or Li ng on do . Ling on do als o fa il edto est ab li sh a pa tt ernor p ract ic e
4of

pe rs ecu ti on ag ai ns t s im il arl y si tu at edpe rs on s, p ro vi di ng no ev id en ce ab ou t the wid ows of m enwho refu se d t o b eco m e ch ie f la te r be in g h arm ed . 8 C.F.R. § 2 08 .13 (b )(2 )(i ii ). Thu s, the reco rddo es no t co m pe l the co nc lu si on th at Lin go nd o h ada go odreas on to fearbe in g s in gl edou t fo r fu ture p ers ecu ti onon acco un t o f he r hu sb an d’s s ta tu s o r th atsh e d em on st rat eda pa tt ernor p ract ic e ag ai ns t s im il arl y

si tu at edpe rs on s. Her wi th ho ld in g o f rem ov al an d C AT reli ef cl ai m s al so fai l b ecau se th ey were b as edon th e sa m e fac ts as h er as y lu m cla im , an d s he fai le d t o m eetth e lo wer b ur de n u nd er as y lu m . Se e Rod ri gu ezMor al es v. U.S. Att ’y Gen
. , 48 8 F .3d88 4, 8 91 (11 th Cir . 20 07 ). DISMI SSED I N PART AND DENIE D IN PART.

5