Sampling Episode Report 

Duke Energy Carolinas’ 

Allen Steam Station 

Belmont, NC 

Sampling Episode 6561 

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

Prepared by: 

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

14555 Avion Parkway 

Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

 13 December 2011 

EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-095 

Work Assignment 9-29
i

CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Background of Detailed Study ............................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection ................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview................................................................................ 1-2

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1 FGD Scrubber System ......................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System ................................................................... 2-2

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation ................................................................. 2-3

2.2.2 Biological Reactors .................................................................................. 2-4

2.2.3 Sampling Points ....................................................................................... 2-5

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION ....................................................................................................... 3-9

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements ........... 3-9

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System .................................... 3-10

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System ................................................................ 3-12

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System ........................................................... 3-14

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation ......................................................... 3-17

3.3 Plant Operational Data ....................................................................................... 3-18

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ............................................. 3-18

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................... 4-1

5. DATA QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Analytical Quality Control ................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Field Quality Control ........................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks ............................................................................................ 5-1

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks .................................................................................... 5-2

5.2.3 Field Blanks ............................................................................................. 5-2

5.2.4 Field Duplicates ....................................................................................... 5-3

6. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 6-1

Appendix A: ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Appendix B: DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES 

Appendix C: PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE 
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LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Allen ..................................................................... 3-20

Table 3-2. Sample Collection at Allen Steam Station ............................................................... 3-22

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Allen ....................................................................................... 3-23

Table 3-4. Crosswalk of Sample Number to Sampling Point and Day, Allen ........................... 3-25

Table 3-5. Analytical Methods, Allen ........................................................................................ 3-26

Table 3-6. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Allen ............................ 3-27

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Allen ...................................................................... 3-28

Table 3-8. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Allen ......... 3-31

Table 3-9. FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Allen ......................................... 3-32

Table 3-10. Coal Usage during Sample Collection, Allen......................................................... 3-33

Table 3-11. Scrubber Slurry Information during Sample Collection, Allen .............................. 3-34

Table 3-12. FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operation Information, Allen ...................... 3-35

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen ............................................ 4-3

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Allen ................................................................... 4-6

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Allen ............................................................ 4-10

Table 4-4. Classical Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Allen ............................................................................................... 4-13

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Allen ............................................................................................... 4-14

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Allen ............................... 5-5

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Allen .......................... 5-8

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Allen ................................................................................................................................ A-1

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, 

Allen ................................................................................................................................ A-4
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

iii

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, 

Allen ................................................................................................................................ A-7

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, 

Allen .............................................................................................................................. A-10

Table A-5. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen ........................... A-13

Table A-6. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen ........................... A-16

Table A-7. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen ........................... A-19

Table A-8. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen ........................... A-22

Table A-9. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen ...................... A-25

Table A-10. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen .................... A-28

Table A-11. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen .................... A-31

Table A-12. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen .................... A-34

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen ................ A-37

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen .......... A-40

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen ................................. A-43

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 

Analytical Results, Allen .............................................................................................. A-48

Table A-17. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen ..... A-50

Table A-18. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen ..... A-52

Table A-19. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen ..... A-53

Table A-20. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen ..... A-54

Table A-21. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Allen .............................................................................................................................. A-55

Table A-22. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, 

Allen .............................................................................................................................. A-57

Table A-23. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, 

Allen .............................................................................................................................. A-58
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

iv

Table A-24. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, 

Allen .............................................................................................................................. A-59
v

LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen ................... 2-6

Figure 2-2. Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD 

Wastewater Treatment System, Allen .............................................................................. 2-7

Figure C-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” ....................................................................C-1

Figure C-2. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System ..............................................................................................................................C-2

Figure C-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station .................................................C-3

Figure C-4. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System ........................C-4

Figure C-5. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System ......................C-5
1-1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Engineering and Analysis Division (EAD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is conducting a sampling program at steam electric power plants. The sampling 

program will characterize raw wastewaters generated by coal-fired steam electric power plants 

and evaluate treatment technologies and best management practices used to reduce pollutant 

discharges. This Sampling Episode Report (SER) describes the sampling activities that took 

place August 1 - 6, 2010, at Duke Energy Carolinas’ Allen Steam Station (Allen), located in 

Belmont, North Carolina (Sampling Episode 6561). The focus of Episode 6561 was to 

characterize the purge stream entering the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment 

system and the influent to and effluent from the FGD bioreactor treatment system. The influent 

to the bioreactor system also represents the effluent from the chemical precipitation system. 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study

 During EPA’s recently completed detailed study of the steam electric industry, EPA 

identified metals and certain other constituents present in the wastewater discharges from steam 

electric power plants that substantially contribute to the toxic loadings for the industry. 

Additionally, EPA determined that one of the waste streams contributing most of these toxic 

loadings are associated with wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems present at coal-fired 

power plants. Based on these findings, EPA has focused the sampling program on characterizing 

the untreated FGD wastewaters and effluent quality from technologies designed to treat the 

wastewater. 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection

EPA selected steam electric plants for FGD wastewater sampling based on the process 

configurations and characteristics of the plants. 

Allen was selected by EPA for sampling based on the following site characteristics: 

 The plant is a coal-fired power plant that burns bituminous coal in each of its five 

generating units; 

 The plant operates two limestone forced oxidation wet FGD systems that service 

all five generating units; 

 The plant operates a segregated FGD wastewater treatment system, which 

includes the following steps: 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, 

— Filtration, and 

— Biological treatment (nitrogen and metals); 
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 The plant operates a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system on all five 

generating units; and 

 The plant produces a commercial-grade gypsum by-product. 

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview

EPA and its technical contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG) conducted a oneday pre-sampling site visit at Allen on October 22, 2009. The information collected during the 

pre-sampling site visit and subsequent follow-up telephone calls to Allen representatives was 

used to create Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ Allen Steam Station (Sampling Plan) [1], 

which describes the sample collection procedures used during the sampling episode. 

On Sunday, August 1, 2010, EPA arrived at Allen to meet with plant personnel, receive 

on-site safety training, review the sampling points, and determine the set-up for the sample 

collection. EPA and ERG collected the samples specified in the Sampling Plan on Monday 

through Friday (August 2 – 6, 2010). The following personnel participated in EPA’s sample 

collection activities: 

 Ron Jordan, EPA/EAD; 

 Bill Swietlik, EPA/EAD; 

 TJ Finseth, ERG; 

 Kavya Kasturi, ERG; 

 Lydia Lambert, ERG; 

 Jennifer Lewis, ERG; and 

 Jessica Wolford, ERG. 

In addition, during the sample collection, EPA collected split samples with the Utility 

Water Act Group (UWAG). UWAG is a trade association for the electric power generating 

industry. During the sampling episode, UWAG acted as Allen’s representative and collected 

samples on behalf of the plant. 
2-1

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW

Allen operates five steam electric units and each has a coal-fired boiler. Units 1 and 2 

came on line in 1957, and each has a capacity of 165 megawatts (MW). Units 3, 4, and 5 came 

on line in 1959, 1960, and 1961, respectively, and each has a capacity of 275 MW. All five 

generating units burn bituminous coal. The electric generating units at Allen are operated on a 

cycling basis and are not baseload units. The plant is located on 1,000 acres adjacent to the 

Catawba River. 

Allen recently retrofitted all five units with two FGD scrubber systems (Absorbers 1 and 

3) to control the sulfur dioxide (SO2) releases from the plant. Units 1, 2, and 5 exhaust to FGD 

Absorber 1 (which began operation in February 2009), and Units 3 and 4 exhaust to FGD 

Absorber 3 (which began operation in May 2009). The wet FGD scrubbers are designed to 

remove more than 95 percent of SO2 from the flue gas. With the recent addition of the FGD 

scrubber systems, Allen also installed an FGD wastewater treatment system to control the 

discharges of the wastewater generated during the operation of the FGD scrubbers. Sections 2.1 

and 2.2 further discuss the FGD scrubber systems and the FGD wastewater treatment system, 

respectively. 

Allen operates electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) to control fly ash and particulate 

emissions from the plant. Allen also operates SNCR systems year-round to control nitrogen 

oxide (NOx) emissions from the plant. Additionally, the boilers are operated with low-NOx

burners and a separated overfire air system. 

The ESPs at Allen are particulate control devices that are designed to remove 99.9 

percent of the fly ash and other particulates from the flue gas. Allen utilizes ESPs to remove the 

fly ash from all five generating units. The fly ash and other particulates are collected in hoppers 

and usually pneumatically transferred to fly ash silos. However, Allen also has the capability of 

handling the fly ash wet by sluicing the fly ash in the hoppers and transferring the fly ash 

transport water to the ash basin. Allen uses the wet fly ash handling system during start ups for 

the generating units until the units are burning 100 percent coal. Allen also uses the wet fly ash 

handling system if there are issues with the dry fly ash handling system. 

All five generating units have the following configuration: 

 Boiler (SNCR system contained in boiler); 

 Air preheater; 

 ESP; and 

 FGD scrubber system. 

2.1 FGD Scrubber System

Allen operates two wet FGD scrubber systems that treat the flue gas from all five electric 

generating units. The plant uses limestone slurry as the sorbent for sulfur dioxide absorption. 

Limestone and service water are fed to on-site ball mills, which pulverize the limestone to create 

the slurry. From the ball mills, the slurry is transferred to hydrocyclones to collect limestone 

particles that are too large for use in the FGD system. The underflow from the hydrocyclones is 

transferred to the reject tank and then sent back to the ball mill for additional processing. The 
2-2

overflow from the hydrocyclones, which is approximately 30 percent solids, is transferred to the 

reagent tank for storage and then used as fresh limestone slurry in the absorber. 

The fresh limestone slurry is fed to the reaction tank of the FGD system and the recycle 

pumps send the slurry to the various levels of the FGD scrubber. Both absorbers have four spray 

levels; however, the plant typically operates only three levels at one time. The slurry is 

pressurized and sprayed downward into the scrubber vessel through spray nozzles. As the slurry 

falls downward and the flue gas flows countercurrent to the slurry, the spray droplets of the 

limestone slurry contact the flue gas and absorb the SO2, which reacts with the limestone 

particles and produces calcium sulfite. The spray droplets continue to flow downward in the 

scrubber until they reach the reaction tank. Allen bubbles air through the reaction tank to oxidize 

the calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate (i.e., gypsum). 

Allen intermittently blows down the gypsum slurry from the reaction tank to control the 

solids and/or chlorides concentration in the scrubbers. The chlorides concentration in the 

scrubbers is maintained between 3,000 and 10,000 ppm (parts per million), with a design 

maximum chlorides concentration of 12,000 ppm. The typical percentage of solids within the 

scrubber is 14 to 16 percent. 

The gypsum slurry is pumped to the primary hydrocyclones where the solid gypsum is 

separated from the water by centrifugal force. The solid gypsum is forced outward to the walls of 

the hydrocyclones and falls downward, while the water exits the top of the hydrocyclones. The 

gypsum from the primary hydrocyclones is transferred to the filter feed tank, which is then 

transferred to the vacuum filter belts. The overflow from the primary hydrocyclones is 

transferred to a holding tank and then pumped to the secondary hydrocyclones. The underflow 

from the secondary hydrocyclones is returned to the scrubber. The overflow from the secondary 

hydrocyclones is sent to the FGD wastewater treatment system. This FGD purge stream contains 

0.5 to 0.8 percent solids. 

Allen washes the gypsum sent to the vacuum filter belts with service water as it is applied 

to the belts to reduce the chlorides in the gypsum to typically less than 20 ppm. The vacuum 

filter belts dry the gypsum to a moisture content of approximately four percent. The gypsum 

produced at the plant must have a chloride content of less than 120 ppm and a moisture content 

of less than 10 percent to be sold to a wallboard manufacturer. Allen transfers the dry gypsum to 

a storage area and then trucks the gypsum to a wallboard manufacturer in Mount Holly, North 

Carolina. 

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System

The FGD wastewater treatment system is designed to receive intermittent transfers of 

FGD wastewater from the FGD system, which consists of secondary hydrocyclone overflow, at a 

flow rate of approximately 400 gallons per minute (gpm). The FGD wastewater treatment system 

consists of chemical precipitation and biological treatment technologies. Allen installed the 

wastewater treatment system to treat the FGD scrubber purge wastewater to meet its permit 

limits, which include limits for total suspended solids (TSS) and selenium. The Allen FGD 

wastewater treatment system contains the following treatment operations: 
2-3

 Physical/Chemical Separation: 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, and 

— Filtration; and 

 Biological Reactors: 

— Cooling (heat extraction), 

— Nutrient addition, 

— First-stage biological reaction, 

— Nutrient addition, and 

— Second-stage biological reaction. 

Figures 2-1 and 2-2, located at the end of this section, present process flow diagrams of 

the FGD wastewater treatment system, as well as the sampling locations for EPA’s sampling 

episode. Figure 2-1 is a simplified diagram of the FGD wastewater treatment system, showing 

different portions of the system. Figure 2-2 is a diagram of the chemical precipitation and 

biological reactor portions of the treatment system. 

The secondary hydrocyclone overflow from the scrubbers is transferred to the purge tank 

and then sent to the equalization tank at the start of the wastewater treatment system. Allen also 

has a maintenance tank that is used as either a spare equalization tank or a spare sludge holding 

tank. During the sampling episode, the FGD influent wastewater was found to contain less than 

0.5 percent solids, had a pH between 6.5 and 7.0 S.U., and a temperature between 40 and 50°C. 

The equalization tank also receives water from the filtrate sump (which includes filter press 

filtrate), gravity filter backwash reject, backflush waste from the biological treatment system, 

and off-specification biological treatment effluent. 

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation 

From the equalization tank, the wastewater enters three reaction tanks in series: reaction 

tank 1, in which lime is added to increase the pH to between 8.6 and 9.2 S.U.; reaction tank 2, 

designed for organosulfide addition, but which is only used to provide additional mixing; and 

reaction tank 3, in which ferric chloride is added. 

The overflow from reaction tank 3 flows through a flow splitter, which distributes the 

flow evenly to two clarifiers. Allen operates the two clarifiers in parallel, each capable of 

handling 100 percent of the waste stream flow. A polymer is added to the wastewater just before 

it enters the clarifiers. Hydrochloric acid is added to the wastewater at a point between the 

clarifiers and the sand filters to ensure that the pH is adjusted closer to neutral prior to the 

biological treatment system. After the hydrochloric acid addition, the overflow from the two 

clarifiers is split and sent through three sand filters in parallel, each of which can handle 75 

percent of the waste stream capacity. The sand filters are continuous backwash gravity filters and 

produce an effluent with a TSS concentration of approximately 1 to 2 ppm. The filter backwash 

is sent to a sump and then transferred to the equalization tank. 
2-4

The sludge collected in the clarifier is transferred to a sludge holding tank. A portion of 

the clarifier sludge is recycled from the sludge holding tank to reaction tank 1, while the majority 

is pumped to a filter press for dewatering. The solids are transferred to an off-site landfill and the 

filtrate is recycled to the equalization tank. 

2.2.2 Biological Reactors 

 Prior to entering the biological portion of the wastewater treatment system, the 

wastewater is cooled if necessary by heat exchangers to 95o F, the optimal temperature for the 

biological treatment system. The heat exchangers were constructed with a titanium alloy that can 

withstand the high levels of chlorides in the FGD wastewater entering the biological treatment 

system. When in use, the heat exchanger requires 300 to 350 gpm of cooling water. Allen adds 

nutrients (in the form of molasses) to the wastewater as it flows from the heat exchanger to the 

biological treatment system. The nutrients provide a source of carbon to feed the bacteria. 

In the bioreactor portion of the treatment, Allen treats the wastewater in two stages. Each 

stage contains eight bioreactor cells, which are operated in parallel. Each cell contains 20 feet of 

activated carbon media. Within the activated carbon bed, specialized microbes fill the voided 

areas and reduce selenium to its elemental form, while other metals are precipitated as sulfide 

complexes. The microbes also reduce the concentration of nitrogen present in the wastewater. 

The wastewater is divided evenly among the first stage of eight cells. The flow to each cell is 

sent to 16 distribution pipes to create an even distribution of flow into the top of the cell. The 

water level in the cell is designed to be approximately six inches above the activated carbon bed; 

however, at the time of the site visit, the water level was below the top of the carbon bed. 

Allen ideally operates the bioreactors to achieve a negative oxidation reduction potential 

(ORP) within the system, which provides the optimum environment to reduce selenium to its 

elemental form. This ORP is controlled by the amount of nutrient that is fed to the system. The 

plant also controls the pH in the bioreactor cells to between 6.0 and 9.0 S.U. because extreme 

high or low pH levels could affect the performance of the microbes and potentially allow 

nondesirable microbes to propagate. 

The effluent from all eight of the first-stage bioreactor cells is combined in the first-stage 

effluent storage area. The wastewater is then transferred to the eight second-stage bioreactor 

cells, which are operated in parallel. Nutrients are added to the wastewater as feed for the 

microbes as the wastewater is transferred. As in the first stage, the wastewater is divided evenly 

among the eight second-stage cells and each cell has 16 distributor pipes to evenly distribute the 

flow into the cell. 

Occasionally the bioreactor cells must be backflushed to remove accumulated solids. The 

plant pumps the effluent from the first-stage bioreactor cells backwards through each cell and it 

overflows into a spillover chamber. The plant then returns the backwash overflow to the 

equalization tank at the start of the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

Because the first-stage bioreactor cells denitrify the waste stream, they produce nitrogen 

and carbon dioxide gas. To remove the gas from the cells, the plant occasionally performs a 

degassing operation where water is sent backwards through the cells, like a backflush, but the 

flush is only long enough for the gas to “burp” out of the system. The second-stage bioreactor 
2-5

cells are primarily anoxic and do not produce as much gas as the first-stage cells, requiring less 

frequent degassing than the first-stage cells. 

From the second stage of the bioreactor treatment system, the wastewater is commingled 

with the heat exchanger cooling water and transferred to the ash basin. The effluent from the ash 

basin is discharged to the Catawba River via Outfall 002. 

Because the steam electric generating units at Allen are operated on a cycling basis and 

are not baseload units, there are times when the units are shut down for a few days. During these 

shut-down periods, the wastewater treatment system does not receive any scrubber purge 

wastewater and, therefore, the plant has to find a way to feed the microbes to keep them alive. If 

Allen knows ahead of time that all units will be shut down for a couple of days, they can build up 

additional scrubber purge in the equalization and maintenance tanks and then operate the FGD 

wastewater treatment system at a reduced flow rate until they begin operating again. If the plant 

is down for several days without advanced knowledge, the plant can run service water through 

the system and feed nutrients to the bioreactors to sustain biological growth. 

2.2.3 Sampling Points 

Figure 2-2 presents the sampling points for the Allen sampling episode; they are 

summarized below: 

 A sample of the purge stream entering the FGD wastewater treatment system 

downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization tank (i.e., the 

sample was collected prior to any chemical addition or mixing with recycle 

streams); 

 An in-process sample of the influent to the bioreactor system, downstream of the 

sand filters and the holding tank and upstream of the heat exchanger; and 

 A sample of the effluent from the bioreactor system, downstream of the secondstage effluent storage area and upstream of where the FGD wastewater treatment 

effluent is commingled with the heat exchanger cooling water. 
2-6 

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen
2-7 

Figure 2-2. Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD Wastewater Treatment 
2-8 

[QUESTION FOR ALLEN: Please confirm that the sampling points and the flow path for the heat exchanger cooling waccurately on the process flow diagram.]Yes, the sampling points and the flow path for the heat exchanger cooling water 

accurately on the process flow diagram. 
3-9

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION

During the Allen sampling episode, the sampling team followed the collection protocols 

specified in the Sampling Plan. Section 3.1 describes the sampling points, sample collection 

methods, and field measurements. Section 3.2 describes the list of analytes and the sample 

preservation procedures. Section 3.3 discusses the plant operational data collected during the 

sampling episode. Finally, Section 3.4 discusses any deviations from the planned sampling 

activities. 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements

This section describes the sampling points, sample collection methods, and field 

measurements. Additional details are available in Section 3 of the Sampling Plan. Figures 2-1 

and 2-2 of this report present flow diagrams of the plant’s wastewater treatment system, 

including sampling point locations. 

Table 3-1 lists the sampling points, sampling point descriptions, type of sample 

collection, and sample collection dates and times. Table 3-2 lists the sampling point numbers and 

descriptions, the number of samples collected, and the pollutant parameters for which the 

samples were analyzed. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data collected from each 

sampling point. Table 3-4 presents a crosswalk between the sample numbers used for laboratory 

sample identification and the sample points for each day. 

The sampling points for this episode were: 

 SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System; 

 SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System; 

 SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System; 

 SP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System (SP-2); 

 SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3); 

 SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (SP-1) Field Blank; 

 SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System (SP-2) Field Blank; and 

 SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3) Field Blank. 

For all the sampling points, EPA collected split samples with Allen’s representative by 

inserting a “Y” splitter into the sample tubing configuration at each sampling point to allow for 

split sample collection. EPA collected all samples (other than mercury and cyanide) at all 

sampling points as “true” splits (i.e., samples for the same analyte were collected 

simultaneously). The mercury and cyanide samples were collected directly from a sample tap; 

therefore, for these samples, EPA and Allen’s representative collected duplicate samples, with 

one filling the bottle immediately after the other. 

At each of the sampling points, EPA collected metals sample fractions following EPA 

Method 1669 collection protocols. To collect these samples, EPA samplers donned Tyvek® 

coveralls and dust masks (dust masks were worn until all mercury samples had been collected). 

In addition, EPA set up a “cleanbox,” which consists of a portable plastic rectangular box with a 

shallow lip and a flip-top lid that secures itself open with clips. The “cleanbox” is double-bagged 

with a clear inner bag, enclosed in a translucent outer bag. The “cleanbox” is handled using 

“clean hands / dirty hands” techniques, whereby the inner bag is handled only by the “clean 
3-10

hands” sampler. When the “cleanbox” is opened, the sampler is able to position his/her hands in 

the box and pull the bag over the opening of the box, but is still able to see the sample bottles and 

tubing. The “cleanbox” minimizes potential atmospheric contamination during sample 

collection. Figure C-1, in Appendix C, is a picture of a sampler working inside a “cleanbox.” 

The metals sample bottles were also double-bagged. To collect the metals samples, EPA 

placed the sample bottles (while still in its sealed inner bag) into the “cleanbox” following the 

protocols specified in Method 1669, also referred to as “clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. 

Sampling staff filled the sample container, then closed the sample bottle lid and sealed the inner 

bag as quickly as possible within the “cleanbox.” The bagged sample bottles were then removed 

from the “cleanbox” and placed into the outer bag following the “clean hands / dirty hands” 

protocols. 

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

The influent to FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1) was collected from a sample tap 

located on the wastewater piping downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization 

tank. Figure 2-2 identifies the sampling location for SP-1. This sample was collected as a grab 

sample because, according to plant representatives, the wastewater characteristics of the purge to 

the wastewater treatment system are fairly consistent during the purge. In addition, due to the 

relatively high concentration of suspended solids, the FGD purge was not amenable to collecting 

representative split samples using composite sampling techniques. 

The sampling point was located outside, near the equalization tank. The sampling team 

set up a tent for the sample collection to protect the samplers from the heat. There was no rain 

during the sample collection. The sampling team did note, however, that on Day 1, there was a 

slight breeze during sample collection and on Day 4, there was some gypsum dust in the air near 

the sampling point due to truck traffic. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting the samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system (SP-1), the sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6) for total mercury, total 

and dissolved metals, and dissolved hexavalent chromium. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of 

the field blank sample collection procedures at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. 

To collect the wastewater samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system, the samplers attached a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the sample tap on the 

wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” splitter, with two 

additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. Figure C-2, in Appendix C, is a 

picture of the tubing attached to the sample tap at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. The samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and 

allowed sample to flow through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample 

containers. The samplers did not close the valve until all samples were collected (except the 

dissolved metals samples). 

The samplers collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 

3.1: 

 Total and dissolved mercury; 
3-11

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

Samplers then filled a 10-liter container with sample to be pumped off later for collection 

of dissolved metals sample fractions. After all samples were collected at the sampling point for 

the day, the filled 10-liter container was transported to the staging area, put on ice, and then left 

untouched to allow the solids in the wastewater to settle. 

The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using four-color pH paper, a pH 

meter, and a thermometer. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the 

FGD wastewater treatment system. 

The samplers then filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Group I, 

Group II, and total cyanide samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See 

Table 3-6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, Group II, and total cyanide 

samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

The total cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and 

potassium-iodide starch test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. 

No sulfides or oxidants were detected during the sampling episode. The samplers then preserved 

the total cyanide sample with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and placed it on ice. 

Samples for the dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the previously filled 10-

liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing attached to a length 

of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. The sampling team 

attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance downstream of the 

pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to the capsule filter effluent, 

which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. This set-up allowed EPA 

to collect “true” split samples with Allen’s representatives. Figure C-3, in Appendix C, is a 

picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

The sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® tubing into the 10-liter container filled 

with wastewater from the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system. By this time, the 

solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 70 minutes. Approximately 0.5- 1 

liters of sample were pumped through the tubing/filter to purge the line before collecting 

samples. 

Samplers collected the following dissolved samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in 

Section 3.1: 

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 
3-12

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System 

The influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) was collected downstream of the sand filters 

after the wastewater from the three filters is commingled. This sample tap is located downstream 

of the holding tank and upstream of the heat exchanger. Allen installed a three-way splitter on 

the sample tap, which had three separate taps to collect samples from the sampling point. The 

sample tap was located inside the FGD wastewater treatment building (see Figure 2-2 for the 

sampling location for SP-2). Because the sampling point was located inside, there were no wind 

or rain concerns during the sample collection. 

ERG collected the influent from the bioreactor system composite samples using two 

automatic compositors which were programmed to collect individual sample volumes into two 

20-liter containers. The compositors were programmed to collect 830 mL every hour during the 

24-hour composite period. Following the composite period, ERG pumped off the specific sample 

volumes into the individual sample containers. 

ERG used one automatic compositor to collect sample volume for the metals analyses 

(excluding mercury) and another automatic compositor to collect sample volume for all classical 

analytes (i.e., BOD5, Group I, and Group II, excluding cyanide). In addition to collecting 

automatic composite samples for the analytes listed above, ERG collected total and dissolved 

mercury grab samples every six hours during each compositing period. ERG also collected one 

grab sample for cyanide during each compositing period. 

On day 1 only, ERG collected field blank samples (SP-7) for hexavalent chromium, total 

and dissolved metals by 200.7, and total and dissolved metals by 200.8. See Section 5.2.3 for a 

description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the influent to the bioreactor 

system. 

Samplers set up the compositors by attaching two T-splitter tubing sets to two of the taps 

on the three-way splitter. The T-splitter tubing set consisted of three silicone tubes attached to a 

T-splitter. The tubing configuration was set up such that one end was connected to the sample 

tap, one end was threaded through the automatic compositor, and connected to the large 

composite container, and one end was placed next to a sump/drain near the sampling point. The 

samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to 

flow through both sets of tubing before calibrating either of the automatic compositors. This 

ensured that the flow through the tubing during calibration would be the expected flow through 

the tubing during sample collection. The automatic compositors were calibrated such that they 

collected 830 mL every hour, so that the projected complete volume would be 20 liters. After 

calibration, the tubing was attached to a vented cap on a 20-liter composite container. The 

sample tap was left open during the entire sample collection time period and flowed directly to 

the sump/drain. The automatic compositor pulled sample from the flowing stream as dictated by 

the sampling program and was capable of purging the line back to the flowing stream between 

each individual sample aliquot. 

Both 20-liter composite containers were placed into plastic trash cans, and maintained on 

ice for the entire 24-hour compositing period. A plastic bag was placed on top of the trash cans 

to minimize contamination. Figure C-4, in Appendix C, is a picture of the composite sampling 

set-up at the influent to the bioreactor system. 
3-13

Immediately after setting up the compositors, ERG collected the first set of the total and 

dissolved mercury grab samples. At the first grab sample every day, ERG collected field blanks 

for total mercury samples. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection 

procedures at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

For mercury collection, samplers shrouded one of the three taps on the three-way splitter 

(the other two taps were being used by the two compositors) with a clean plastic bag by 

puncturing a hole in the bottom of the bag with the end of the tap and then securing it to the tap 

with a ziptie. After purging the tap for two minutes, the samples were collected directly from the 

tap into the sample bottles. Because total mercury and dissolved mercury samples were collected 

directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect split samples with Allen’s representatives; 

therefore, duplicate samples were collected. ERG collected another set of total and dissolved 

mercury samples every six hours thereafter over the 24-hour period. The plastic shroud was 

replaced for each set of mercury grab samples. After collecting each set of mercury grabs, ERG 

filled a field test bottle and tested for pH and temperature using four-colored pH paper and a 

thermometer and meter. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the 

bioreactor system. 

After the collection of the third set of mercury grabs, ERG collected a total cyanide grab 

sample from the same tap on the three-way splitter that was used for mercury sample collection. 

Because total cyanide samples were collected directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect 

split samples with Allen’s representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. The total 

cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and potassium-iodide starch 

test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. No sulfides or oxidants 

were detected during the sampling episode at the influent to the bioreactor system. ERG 

samplers then preserved the total cyanide samples with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and 

placed the samples on ice. 

After the twenty-fourth aliquots were collected in the two composite containers, ERG 

followed “clean hands / dirty hands” sampling techniques to disassemble the compositors from 

the sampling set up. Closed caps were placed on the two composite containers and the 

composite containers were moved to the pump-off area where they remained on ice until 

individual sample bottles were filled. The samplers then began setting up the compositors for the 

next day of samples using new tubing sets and composite containers. The automatic compositor 

was programmed to collect the same volume on each day of sample collection. 

After completing the set up for the next day of composite samples, the sampling team 

transferred the wastewater collected in the 20-liter containers into the individual sample 

containers at the pump-off area. For this sampling point, ERG used a sample pump-off approach 

to transfer the composite samples to the individual sample bottles. For this sample pump-off 

procedure, the dissolved metals samples were collected before the total metals and classical 

samples to prevent cross-contamination within the tubing, which could lead to greater 

concentrations in the dissolved metals fractions. 

Samples for the dissolved and total metals analyses were pumped from one of the 

previously filled 20-liter containers. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® 

tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic 

pump. The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short 

distance downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to 
3-14

the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone 

tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Allen’s representative. 

Figure C-3, in Appendix C, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting any samples of the influent to the bioreactor system, 

the samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-7) for dissolved and total metals. See Section 

5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the influent to the 

bioreactor system. 

After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into one of the 20-liter composite containers filled with wastewater from the influent to 

the bioreactor system. After the tubing and filter were purged with two liters of sample, samplers 

collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1: 

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

 Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample 

collection. After the dissolved metals had been collected, the filter was removed. Once the 

tubing was purged with two liters of sample, samplers collected the following samples using a 

“cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1: 

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

After the metal samples had been collected, the sampling team placed the end of the 

Teflon® tubing into the other previously filled 20-liter container. Once the tubing was purged 

with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 

Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See Table 3-

6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples were 

immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

For all analytes, ERG collected QC samples at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP2) on Day 4 of the sampling episode. In addition, for all analytes, ERG collected a duplicate 

sample of the influent from bioreactor system (SP-4) on Day 3 of the sampling episode. 

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System 

The effluent from bioreactor system (SP-3) was collected downstream of the secondstage effluent storage tank from the second-stage bioreactor cells. Allen installed a three-way 

splitter on the sample tap that had three separate taps to collect samples from the sampling point. 

The sample tap was located inside the FGD wastewater treatment building (see Figure 2-2 for the 

sampling location for SP-3). Because the sampling point was located inside, there were no wind 

or rain concerns during the sample collection. 

ERG collected the effluent from the bioreactor system composite samples using two 

automatic compositors which were programmed to collect individual sample volumes into two 

20-liter containers. The compositors were programmed to collect 830 mL every hour during the 
3-15

24-hour composite period. Following the composite period, ERG pumped off the specific sample 

volumes into the individual sample containers. 

ERG used one automatic compositor to collect sample volume for the metals analyses 

(excluding mercury) and another automatic compositor to collect sample volume for all classical 

analytes (i.e., BOD5, Group I, and Group II, excluding cyanide). In addition to collecting 

automatic composite samples for the analytes listed above, ERG collected total and dissolved 

mercury grab samples every six hours during each compositing period. ERG also collected one 

grab sample for cyanide during each compositing period. 

On day 1 only, ERG collected field blank samples (SP-8) for hexavalent chromium, total 

and dissolved metals by 200.7, and total and dissolved metals by 200.8. See Section 5.2.3 for a 

description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

Samplers set up the compositors by attaching two T-splitter tubing sets to two of the taps 

on the three-way splitter. The T-splitter tubing set consisted of three silicone tubes attached to a 

T-splitter. The tubing configuration was set up such that one end was connected to the sample 

tap, one end was threaded through the automatic compositor, and connected to the large 

composite container, and one end was placed next to a sump/drain near the sampling point. The 

samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to 

flow through both sets of tubing before calibrating either of the automatic compositors. This 

ensured that the flow through the tubing during calibration would be the expected flow through 

the tubing during sample collection. The automatic compositors were calibrated such that they 

collected 830 mL every hour, so that the projected complete volume would be 20 liters. After 

calibration, the tubing was attached to a vented cap on a 20-liter composite container. The 

sample tap was left open during the entire sample collection time period and flowed directly to 

the sump/drain. The automatic compositor pulled sample from the flowing stream as dictated by 

the sampling program and was capable of purging the line back to the flowing stream between 

each individual sample aliquot. 

Both 20-liter composite containers were placed into plastic trash cans, and maintained on 

ice for the entire 24-hour compositing period. A plastic bag was placed on top of the trash cans 

to minimize contamination. Figure C-5, in Appendix C, is a picture of the composite sampling 

set-up at the effluent from the bioreactor system. 

Immediately after setting up the compositors, ERG collected the first set of the total and 

dissolved mercury grab samples. At the first grab sample every day, ERG collected field blanks 

for total mercury samples. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection 

procedures at the effluent from the bioreactor system. 

For mercury collection, samplers shrouded one of the three taps on the three-way splitter 

(the other two taps were being used by the two compositors) with a clean plastic bag by 

puncturing a hole in the bottom of the bag with the end of the tap and then securing it to the tap 

with a ziptie. After purging the tap for two minutes, the samples were collected directly from the 

tap into the sample bottles. Because total mercury and dissolved mercury samples were collected 

directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect split samples with Allen’s representatives; 

therefore, duplicate samples were collected. ERG collected another set of total and dissolved 

mercury samples every six hours thereafter over the 24-hour period. The plastic shroud was 
3-16

replaced for each set of mercury grab samples. After collecting each set of mercury grabs, ERG 

filled a field test bottle and tested for pH and temperature using four-colored pH paper, a pH 

meter, and a thermometer. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. 

After the collection of the third set of mercury grabs, ERG collected a total cyanide grab 

sample from the same tap on the three-way splitter that was used for mercury sample collection. 

Because total cyanide samples were collected directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect 

split samples with Allen’s representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. The total 

cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and potassium-iodide starch 

test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. No sulfides or oxidants 

were detected during this sampling episode at the effluent from the bioreactor system. ERG 

samplers then preserved the total cyanide samples with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and 

placed the samples on ice. 

After the twenty-fourth aliquots were collected in the two composite containers, ERG 

followed “clean hands / dirty hands” sampling techniques to disassemble the compositors from 

the sampling set up. Closed caps were placed on the two composite containers and the 

composite containers were moved to the pump-off area where they remained on ice until 

individual sample bottles were filled. The samplers then began setting up the compositors for the 

next day of samples using new tubing sets and composite containers. The automatic compositor 

was programmed to collect the same volume on each day of sample collection. 

After completing the set up for the next day of composite samples, the sampling team 

transferred the wastewater collected in the 20-liter containers into the individual sample 

containers at the pump-off area. For this sampling point, ERG used a sample pump-off approach 

to transfer the composite samples to the individual sample bottles. For this sample pump-off 

procedure, the dissolved metals samples were collected before the total metals and classical 

samples to prevent cross-contamination within the tubing, which could lead to greater 

concentrations in the dissolved metals fractions. 

Samples for the dissolved and total metals analyses were pumped from one of the 

previously filled 20-liter containers. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® 

tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic 

pump. The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short 

distance downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to 

the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone 

tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Allen’s representatives. 

Figure C-3, in Appendix C, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting any samples of the effluent from the bioreactor system, 

the samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-8) for dissolved and total metals. See Section 

5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. 

After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into one of the 20-liter composite containers filled with wastewater from the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. After the tubing and filter were purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers 

collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1: 
3-17

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

After the dissolved metals had been collected, the filter was removed. Once the tubing was 

purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as 

described in Section 3.1: 

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

After the metal samples had been collected, the sampling team placed the end of the 

Teflon® tubing into the other previously filled 20-liter container. After the tubing was purged 

with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 

Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See Table 3-

6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples were 

immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

For all analytes, ERG collected QC samples at the effluent from the bioreactor system 

(SP-3) on Day 3 of the sampling episode. In addition, for all analytes, ERG collected a duplicate 

sample of the effluent from bioreactor system (SP-5) on Day 2 of the sampling episode. 

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation

Samples collected at Allen were analyzed for the following pollutants: 

 Classicals: 

— Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day (BOD5), 

— Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 

— Total suspended solids (TSS), 

— Total dissolved solids (TDS), 

— Sulfate, 

— Chloride, 

— Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 

— Ammonia as nitrogen, 

— Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, 

— Total phosphorus, 

— Total cyanide; 

 Total Metals: 

— Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, 

calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, 

mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, tin, 

titanium, vanadium, and zinc. 

 Dissolved Metals: 

— Same parameters as listed for total metals, plus hexavalent chromium. 
3-18

The analytes selected reflect the current understanding of coal-fired power plant air 

pollution control wastewaters, including contributions from coal, scrubber sorbents, treatment 

chemicals, and other sources. Table 3-5 lists the analytical methods used to determine pollutant 

concentrations. 

Table 3-6 lists the containers used for sample collection as well as the preservation 

requirements for each sample. Table 3-7 summarizes the chemical preservation for each of the 

samples that were preserved on site. The sampling team preserved samples in accordance with 

procedures described in Section 3.4 of the Sampling Plan. Immediately following sample 

collection, the samplers placed the BOD5, Group I, Group II, dissolved hexavalent chromium, 

and total cyanide samples on ice to cool the samples to <6°C. The sampling team did not place 

the total and dissolved metals or the total and dissolved mercury samples on ice, which comports 

with the requirements of Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 1631E. All dissolved metals samples, except 

for mercury, were filtered in the field. The hexavalent chromium samples were preserved in the 

field, but all other metals samples were acid-preserved prior to extraction at the laboratory. The 

hexavalent chromium samples were preserved with ammonium sulfate buffer solution and 

ammonium hydroxide to a pH between 9.3 and 9.5 S.U. The Group II samples were preserved 

with sulfuric acid to a pH of <2 S.U. in the staging area, and the pH was confirmed with fourcolor pH strips. Each total cyanide sample was tested for sulfides and oxidants immediately after 

sample collection. Because sulfides and oxidants were not detected at any of the sampling points 

during the sampling episode, the samplers did not need to dilute the samples or add sodium 

arsenite to the samples. After testing for sulfides and oxidants, the total cyanide samples were 

preserved with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and placed on ice. 

3.3 Plant Operational Data

During the EPA sampling episode, Allen plant personnel provided the sampling team 

with operational data for each of the generating units and the FGD scrubber system, as well as 

operational and flow data for the FGD wastewater treatment system. Table 3-8 presents the unit 

operating characteristics, Table 3-9 presents the FGD scrubber system operating characteristics, 

Table 3-10 presents information on the coal burned during the sampling episode, Table 3-11 

presents information on the FGD scrubber slurry generation during the sampling episode, and 

Table 3-12 presents the FGD wastewater treatment system operating characteristics. 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Sampling Plan with the exceptions 

described below: 

 Preservation of hexavalent chromium: EPA planned to preserve the hexavalent 

chromium samples to a pH between 9.3 and 9.7 S.U. using an ammonium sulfate 

buffer solution; however, since the ammonium sulfate buffer solution was not 

achieving the desired pH, the samplers added only 100 drops of ammonium 

sulfate buffer solution, followed by as much ammonium hydroxide as necessary 

to reach the desired pH. 

 Collection of composite metals and classicals samples at SP-2 (Day 4): On 

day 4 of sample collection at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the 

power failed resulting in missing sample aliquot number 14 for both the classicals 
3-19

and metals compositors. Both compositors collected sample aliquot 13 as 

scheduled at 20:59 for the metals and 21:01 for the classicals. The power failed at 

21:44 and was not restored until 23:28, at which time sample aliquot 15 was 

collected by the metals compositor followed immediately by the classicals 

compositor. Sample aliquot 16 was collected as scheduled at 23:59 for the metals 

and 0:01 for the classicals. 

 Collection of composite metals and classicals samples at SP-3 (Day 4): On day 

4 of sample collection at the effluent of the bioreactor system (SP-3), the power 

failed resulting in sample aliquot number 16 not being taken at the predetermined 

time. Both compositors collected sample aliquot 15 as scheduled, at 21:30 for 

metals and 21:32 for classicals. The power failed at 21:45 and was not restored 

until 23:26, at which time sample aliquot 16 was collected by the metals 

compositor followed immediately by the classicals compositor. Sample aliquot 

17 was collected as scheduled at 23:30 for the metals and 23:32 for the classicals. 

 Collection of total mercury sample at SP-1 (Day 4): On day 4 of sample 

collection at the influent to the FGD wastewater system (SP-1), Allen’s 

representatives collected the total metals volumes before collecting total and 

dissolved mercury samples. Allen’s representatives were collecting metals 

samples while ERG was collecting the total and dissolved mercury samples and 

vice versa. 
3-20

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Allen

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample 

Collection Date Sample Collection Time

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 1 

Grab 8/2/10 1022a and 1148b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 2 

Grab 8/3/10 1136a and 1312 b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 3 

Grab 8/4/10 1127a and 1311b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 4 

Grab 8/5/10 1139a and 1323b

SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1 Composite 8/2/10 

8/3/10

0900c

1040d

Grab 8/2/10 

8/3/10 

0913e, 1519f , and 2121 g

0319 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 Composite 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0901c

1031d 

Grab 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0915e, 1516f , and 2119 g

0319 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 3 Composite 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0900c

1017d 

Grab 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0915e, 1519f , and 2121 g

0319 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 4 Composite 8/5/10 

 8/6/10 

0900c

0827d 

Grab 8/5/10 

 8/6/10 

0914e, 1517f , and 2118 g

0323 h 

SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1 Composite 8/2/10 

8/3/10 

0730c

0952d 

Grab 8/2/10 

8/3/10 

0742e, 1349f , and 1948 g

0149 h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 Composite 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0729c

0945d 

Grab 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0745e, 1351f , and 1951 g

0149h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 3 Composite 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0731c

0941d 

Grab 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0744e, 1349f , and 1953 g

0150h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 4 Composite 8/5/10 

 8/6/10 

0730c

0655d 

Grab 8/5/10 

 8/6/10 

0742e, 1346f , and 1946 g

0146h 

SP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System 

– Day 3 

Composite 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0900c

1018d 

Grab 8/4/10 

8/5/10 

0916e, 1520f , and 2123 g

0321 h 
3-21

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Allen

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample 

Collection Date Sample Collection Time

SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor 

System – Day 2 

Composite 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0729c

0945d 

Grab 8/3/10 

8/4/10 

0745e, 1351f , and 1951 g

0149 h 

SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System Field Blank 

Grab 8/2/10 1006i and 1141j

SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 1 

Composite 8/2/10 

8/3/10 

0810k

1028l

Grab 8/2/10 0907m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 2 

Grab 8/3/10 0909m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 3 

Grab 8/4/10 0910m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 4 

Grab 8/5/10 0908m

SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 1 

Composite 8/2/10 

8/3/10 

0649k

0940l

Grab 8/2/10 0737m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 2 

Grab 8/3/10 0738m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 3 

Grab 8/4/10 0740m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 4 

Grab 8/5/10 0737m

a

 Start time for the collection of the total metals samples (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8), total and 

dissolved mercury, and classicals (BOD5, Group I, Group II, and total cyanide). 

b

 Start time for the collection of the dissolved metals samples (dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, 

and dissolved hexavalent chromium). Does not include dissolved mercury. 

c Started metals compositor. The classical compositor was started approximately two minutes after the metals 

compositor. 

d

 Start time for the collection of dissolved metals samples (dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, 

and dissolved hexavalent chromium), total metals samples (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8), and 

classicals (BOD5, Group I, and Group II). e Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 1 samples. 

f

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 2 samples. 

g

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 3 and total cyanide samples. 

h

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 4 samples. 

i

 Start time for the collection of total mercury, total metals by 200.7, and total metals by 200.8 field blank samples. 

j

 Start time for the collection of dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, and hexavalent chromium 

field blank samples. 

k

 Filled 20-liter field blank composite container with blank water. 

l Start time for the collection of total metals (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8) and dissolved metals 

(dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, and hexavalent chromium) field blank samples. 

m Start time for the collection of total mercury field blank samples.
3-22

Table 3-2. Sample Collection at Allen Steam Station

Sampling Point 

Number Sampling Point Name 

Total Metals 

(EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell)

Total Metals 

(EPA Method 200.7) 

Dissolved Metals 

(EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell) 

Dissolved Metals 

(EPA Method 200.7) 

Total Mercury 

Dissolved Mercury 

Hexavalent Chromium 

BOD

5

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QSP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QSP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

Field Blank 

1 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 1 1 1 1 4 1 SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank 1 1 1 1 4 1 Total Number of Samples 17+2QC 17+2QC 17+2QC 17+2QC 23+2QC 14+2QC 17+2QC 14+2Q

a Group I includes total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and chloride. b Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosph
3-23

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Allen

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description Date Time 

Temperature (°C) pH 

Waste 

Stream Flow 

Thermometer Probe Meter Rate (GPM) 

a Strips

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System – Day 1

8/2/10 1034 44 41.5 6.8 7 383b No dete

total cy

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 2 

8/3/10 1150 44.5 48.5 6.72 7 375c

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 3 

8/4/10 1144 44 47 6.77 7 374d

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 4 

8/5/10 1159 44.5 47.0 6.72 7 377e

SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System 

– Day 1

8/2/10 0917 38 36 6.88 7 297 No dete

total cy

8/2/10 1522 39 37.4 6.90 7 3118/2/10 2125 38 36.6 6.95 7 304 8/3/10 0324 38 36.9 6.79 7 299 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 

8/3/10 0925 36.9 38 6.99 7 287 

8/3/10 1520 37.9 39 6.74 7 334 8/3/10 2122 37.9 39 6.69 7 281 8/4/10 0325 37.6 39 6.66 7 285 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 3 

8/4/10 0920 38 39 6.60 7 292 

8/4/10 1525 38.6 39.5 6.58 7 313 8/4/10 2129 38.7 39.5 6.90 NA 245 8/5/10 0326 37.7 39.5 6.62 NA 233 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 4 

8/5/10 0917 39 NA 6.65 NA 200 

8/5/10 1520 39 38.6 6.57 6 200 8/5/10 2122 38 36.7 6.88 6 221 8/6/10 0326 38.5 37.2 6.96 6 221 
3-24

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Allen

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description Date Time 

Temperature (°C) pH 

Waste 

Stream Flow 

Thermometer Probe Meter Rate (GPM) 

a Strips

SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor 

System – Day 1

8/2/10 0745 33 31.8 6.88 7 324 On day 

grab sa1950 coparticlebe fibroto 3 mm sulfidegrab.

8/2/10 1352 33 32.6 6.80 7 3678/2/10 1954 33 32.6 6.79 7 2838/3/10 0152 33 32.3 6.82 7 345

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 

8/3/10 0752 32.1 33.5 6.76 7 267

8/3/10 1355 33.3 34 6.66 7 3448/3/10 1958 33.3 34 6.68 7 2928/4/10 0156 32.8 34 6.72 7 210

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 3 

8/4/10 0749 32.8 34 6.82 8 236

8/4/10 1355 33.7 34.5 6.73 7 3398/4/10 1957 33.8 34.5 6.71 NA 3158/5/10 0153 33.4 34 6.78 NA 226

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 4 

8/5/10 0743 34 NA 6.8 NA 190

8/5/10 1350 35 34.2 6.86 6 2278/5/10 1950 34 33.2 6.83 7 2418/6/10 0150 33.5 32.8 6.82 7 225

a The pH meter was calibrated prior to the sampling episode and once every day during the sampling episode using prepackaged buffer b Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1022 to 1036 on 8/2/10 (time of sample collection). c Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1136 to 1149 on 8/3/10 (time of sample collection). d Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1127 to 1143 on 8/4/10 (time of sample collection). e Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1139 to 1159 on 8/5/10 (time of sample collection). 

NA – Not analyzed. 
3-25

Table 3-4. Crosswalk of Sample Number to Sampling Point and Day, Allen

Sample Number Sample Point Sample Description 

71791 SP-1, Day 1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 1 

71792 SP-1, Day 2 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 2 

71793 SP-1, Day 3 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 3 

71794 SP-1, Day 4 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 4 

71795 SP-2, Day 1 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 1 

71796 SP-2, Day 2 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71797 SP-2, Day 3 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71798 SP-2, Day 4 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 4 

71799 SP-3, Day 1 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 1 

71800 SP-3, Day 2 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71801 SP-3, Day 3 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71802 SP-3, Day 4 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 4 

71803 SP-4, Day 3 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71804 SP-5, Day 2 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71805 SP-6, Day 1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank - Day 1 

71806 SP-7, Day 1 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 1 

71807 SP-7, Day 2 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 2 

71808 SP-7, Day 3 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 3 

71809 SP-7, Day 4 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 4 

71810 SP-8, Day 1 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 1 

71811 SP-8, Day 2 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 2 

71812 SP-8, Day 3 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 3 

71813 SP-8, Day 4 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 4 
3-26

Table 3-5. Analytical Methods, Allen 

Parameter Method Number 

Classicals

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) SM 5210 B 

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) EPA 410.4 

Total suspended solids (TSS) SM 2540 D 

Total dissolved solids (TDS) SM 2540 C 

Sulfate EPA 300.0 

Chloride EPA 300.0 

Ammonia as nitrogen EPA 350.1 

Nitrate/nitrate as nitrogen EPA 353.2 

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) EPA 351.2 

Total phosphorus EPA 365.1 

Total cyanide SM 4500 CN E 

Total and Dissolved Metals

Mercury EPA 1631E 

Hexavalent chromium (dissolved only) EPA 218.6 

Antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, 

nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc 

EPA 200.8 with collision cell 

Aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, 

molybdenum, sodium, tin, and titanium 

EPA 200.7 
3-27

Table 3-6. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Allen 

Parameter 

Sample 

Container and 

Volume 

QC Sample 

Container and 

Volume On-Site Preservation 

Classicals 

BOD5 One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

≤6C 

Group I a One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

≤6C 

Group II b Two 1-L plastic 

bottles 

Two 1-L plastic 

bottles 

H2SO4 to pH <2 S.U., ≤6C 

Total cyanide One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

Dilution until sulfide is not detected, 

NaAsO2 until total chlorine is not 

present, NaOH to pH >10 S.U., 

≤6C 

Metals 

Total metals (EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell) 

One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Total metals (EPA Method 200.7) One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Dissolved metals (EPA Method 200.8 

with collision cell) 

One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Dissolved metals (EPA Method 200.7) One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Total mercury: None 

Manual composite grab samples Four 125-mL (acid preserve at laboratory) 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Influent samples and field blank 

samples 

Two 250-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Dissolved mercury: None 

(filter and acid preserve at 

laboratory) Manual composite grab samples Four 125-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Influent samples One 250-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Hexavalent chromium One 250-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

Ammonium sulfate buffer to 

pH 9.3 – 9.7 S.U., ≤6C 

(a) Group I includes TSS, TDS, sulfate, and chloride. 

(b) Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, COD, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, TKN, and total phosphorus.
3-28 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Allen

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added Initial pH Final pH 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71791 Group II Volume 1 8/2/10 H2SO4 7 2 28 

71791 Group II Volume 2 8/2/10 H2SO4 7 2 28 

71791 Hexavalent Chromium 8/2/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.0 8.3 100 

NH4OH 8.3 9.5 8 

71805 Hexavalent Chromium 8/2/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

8.7 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 6 

71792 Total Cyanide 8/2/10 NaOH 7 10 9 

71795 Total Cyanide 8/2/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71799 Total Cyanide 8/2/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71792 Group II Volume 1 8/3/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71792 Group II Volume 2 8/3/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71795 Group II Volume 1 8/3/10 H2SO4 6 2 22 

71795 Group II Volume 2 8/3/10 H2SO4 6 2 22 

71799 Group II Volume 1 8/3/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71799 Group II Volume 2 8/3/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71792 Hexavalent Chromium 8/3/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

Not 

Measured 

8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 12 

71795 Hexavalent Chromium 8/3/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 10 

71799 Hexavalent Chromium 8/3/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 8 

71806 Hexavalent Chromium 8/3/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 8 

71810 Hexavalent Chromium 8/3/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 8 

71792 Total Cyanide 8/3/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71796 Total Cyanide 8/3/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71800 Total Cyanide 8/3/10 NaOH 7 10 15 

71804 Total Cyanide 8/3/10 NaOH 7 10 15 

71793 Group II Volume 1 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 28 

71793 Group II Volume 2 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 28 
3-29 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Allen

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added Initial pH Final pH 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71796 Group II Volume 1 8/4/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71796 Group II Volume 2 8/4/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71800 Group II Volume 1 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71800 Group II Volume 2 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71804 Group II Volume 1 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71804 Group II Volume 2 8/4/10 H2SO4 7 2 24 

71793 Hexavalent Chromium-QC 8/4/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

Not 

Measured 

8.1 100 

NH4OH 8.1 9.5 12 

71796 Hexavalent Chromium 8/4/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 10 

71800 Hexavalent Chromium 8/4/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 10 

71804 Hexavalent Chromium 8/4/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 10 

71793 Total Cyanide 8/4/10 NaOH 7 10 15 

71797 Total Cyanide 8/4/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71801 Total Cyanide 8/4/10 NaOH 6.7 10 15 

71801 Total Cyanide-QC 8/4/10 NaOH 6.7 10 15 

71803 Total Cyanide 8/4/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71794 Group II Volume 1 8/5/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71794 Group II Volume 2 8/5/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71797 Group II Volume 1 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 20 

71797 Group II Volume 2 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 20 

71801 Group II Volume 1 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 26 

71801 Group II Volume 2 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 26 

71801 Group II Volume 1-QC 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 26 

71801 Group II Volume 2-QC 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 26 

71803 Group II Volume 1-QC 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 20 

71803 Group II Volume 2-QC 8/5/10 H2SO4 5 2 20 

71794 Hexavalent Chromium 8/5/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.1 100 

NH4OH 8.1 9.5 14 
3-30 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Allen

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added Initial pH Final pH 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71797 Hexavalent Chromium 8/5/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 8 

71801 Hexavalent Chromium 8/5/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 10 

71803 Hexavalent Chromium 8/5/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5 8.7 100 

NH4OH 8.7 9.5 8 

71797 Total Cyanide 8/5/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71798 Total Cyanide 8/5/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71798 Total Cyanide-QC 8/5/10 NaOH 7 10 10 

71802 Total Cyanide 8/5/10 NaOH 7 10 15 

71798 Group II Volume 1 8/6/10 H2SO4 5 2 24 

71798 Group II Volume 2 8/6/10 H2SO4 5 2 24 

71798 Group II Volume 1-QC 8/6/10 H2SO4 5 2 24 

71798 Group II Volume 2-QC 8/6/10 H2SO4 5 2 24 

71802 Group II Volume 2 8/6/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71802 Group II Volume 1 8/6/10 H2SO4 6 2 28 

71798 Hexavalent Chromium 8/6/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 8 

71802 Hexavalent Chromium 8/6/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 100 

NH4OH 8.5 9.5 8 
3-31 

Table 3-8. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Allen

Unit ID Boiler Type 

Capacity 

(MW) 

Electricity Production 

(MW) 

(or Percent Capacity %)

SNCR 

(No, On, Off) 

Particulate Control System 

(HS/CS ESP, or BH) 

1 Tangential Fired 185 65.9% On CS ESP 

2 Tangential Fired 185 64.3% On CS ESP 

3 Tangential Fired 300 62.3% On CS ESP 

4 Tangential Fired 300 75.3% On CS ESP 

5 Tangential Fired 300 60.3% On CS ESP 

CS ESP – Cold-side electrostatic precipitator. 
3-32 

Table 3-9. FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Allen 

Unit ID 

Wet FGD 

System (Yes/No) 

Type of 

Scrubber 

Forced 

Oxidation 

(Yes/No) Sorbent 

Additives (DBA, 

formic acid, etc.) 

FGD Make-up 

Water Source 

SO2 Re

Percen

1 Yes Spray Yes Limestone None Catawba River 963 Yes Spray Yes Limestone None Catawba River 97
3-33

Table 3-10. Coal Usage during Sample Collection, Allen 

Day of 

Sampling Unit ID Coal Type 

Amount of Coal 

Used During Day 

of Sampling 

(tpd) 

Source of Coal 

(Coal Region 

and/or State) 

Percent 

Sulfur in 

Coal 

(%) 

Chlorine Content of 

Coal 

(ppm) 

1 

1 CAPP 1,335 WV/V 0.96 1,200a 

2 CAPP 1,378 WV/V 0.96 1,200a 

3 CAPP 736 WV/V 0.96 1,200a 

4 CAPP 1,212 WV/V 0.96 1,200a 

5 CAPP 1,097 WV/V 0.97 1,200a 

2 

1 CAPP 662 KY 0.98 1,289 

2 CAPP 500 KY 0.98 1,289 

3 CAPP 1,799 KY 0.98 1,317 

4 CAPP 2,386 KY 0.98 1,317 

5 CAPP 1,221 KY 0.96 1,266 

3 

1 CAPP 1,645 KY 1.0 1,327 

2 CAPP 1,750 KY 1.0 1,327 

3 CAPP 3,081 KY 0.99 1,353 

4 CAPP 2,805 KY 0.99 1,353 

5 CAPP 3,221 KY 0.99 1,297 

4 

1 CAPP 1,228 KY 0.98 1,069 

2 CAPP 1,137 KY 0.98 1,069 

3 CAPP 2,260 KY 0.96 1,092 

4 CAPP 2,445 KY 0.96 1,092 

5 CAPP 2,102 KY 1.01 1,061 

a

 – Estimated value. 

CAPP – Central Appalachian Coal. 

[QUESTION FOR ALLEN: Please confirm that “WV/V” stands for West Virginia and Virginia.] Yes, WV/V stands 

for the West Virginia / Virginia region. 
3-34

 

Table 3-11. Scrubber Slurry Information during Sample Collection, Allen

Day of 

Sampling 

FGD 

System ID 

Associated 

Unit IDs 

Scrubber Slurry 

Blowdown Flow Rate 

Scrubber 

Slurry 

Percent 

Solids 

Time of 

Dewatering 

During 

Sampling Day 

Percent 

Filtrate 

Recycled 

Back to 

Scrubber 

Flow Rate 

(gpm) Duration 

1 

1 1/2/5 UREa 13 hrs 13% dewatered 5 times 100% 

3 3/4 UREa 13 hrs 12% dewatered 5 times 100% 

2 

1 1/2/5 UREa 12 hrs 14% dewatered 5 times 100% 

3 3/4 UREa 9 hrs 14% dewatered 4 times 100% 

3 

1 1/2/5 UREa 9 hrs 15% dewatered 4 times 100% 

3 3/4 UREa 8 hrs 15% dewatered 5 times 100% 

4 

1 1/2/5 UREa 7 hrs 15% dewatered 3 times 100% 

3 3/4 UREa 6 hrs 15% dewatered 3 times 100% 

a

 – Unable to reasonably estimate. 
3-35 

Table 3-12. FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operation Information, Allen

Day of 

Sampling 

Scrubber Purge Chemical Usage 

Flow Rate 

(gpm) 

Duration 

(hr) Lime 

35% Ferric 

Chloride 

Organosulfide: 

NA 

Polymer

Nalco 713

1 375 17 pH – 8.5 S.U. 1,200 lbs 40 ppm 19.6 gpd NA 6.5 ppm 3.3 gpd 2 371 16 pH – 8.5 S.U. 1,200 lbs 40 ppm 19.2 gpd NA 6.5 ppm 3.1 gpd 3 371 14 pH – 8.5 S.U. 1,200 lbs 40 ppm 19.3 gpd NA 6.5 ppm 3.1 gpd 4 366 10 pH – 8.5 S.U. 1,200 lbs 40 ppm 14.7 gpd NA 6.5 ppm 2.3 gpd 
4-1 

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section summarizes the laboratory results of analyses of samples for the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system and the influent to and effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

Appendix A provides all analytical results for all samples collected at Allen, including all 

qualified results and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but below 

the quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). 

Table 4-1 presents the analytical results for all classical and metal analytes for the four 

days of sampling at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), as well as the 

calculated 4-day average result for each analyte for the sampling point. Tables 4-2 and 4-3 

present the analytical results for all classical and metal analytes for the four days of sampling at 

the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), 

respectively. 

Tables 4-1 through 4-3 include the analytical results for all analytes for which EPA 

conducted analyses. Results are rounded to three significant digits. If an analyte was not 

detected in a sample above the method detection limit, the result is reported as “ND” followed by 

the sample-specific quantitation limit in parentheses. If an analyte was measured above the 

method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit, the result is reported as “NQ” followed 

by the sample-specific quantitation limit in parentheses. 

For Table 4-2 (influent to the bioreactor system), a duplicate sample was collected on 

Day 3 of the sampling episode. The Day 3 results presented in Table 4-2 represent the average 

of the original and the duplicate sample results. Table 5-1 presents the analytical results for the 

original and duplicate results and the calculated relative percent difference (RPD). For Table 4-3 

(effluent from the bioreactor system), a duplicate sample was collected on Day 2 of the sampling 

episode. The Day 2 results presented in Table 4-3 represent the average of the original and the 

duplicate sample results. Table 5-2 presents the analytical results for the original and duplicate 

results and the calculated RPD. 

When calculating the average concentrations for the duplicate samples or for the 4-day 

averages, ERG used the following methodology: 

 If all results were above the quantitation limit, then all results were averaged 

together; 

 If at least one result was above the quantitation limit, then 1⁄2 the quantitation limit 

was used in the average calculation for all results that were less than the 

quantitation limit and the result is reported with a less than sign (“<”); 

 If all results were below the quantitation limit, but at least one result was above 

the method detection limit (i.e., J-value), then the sample-specific quantitation 

limits for all results were averaged and the result is reported as “NQ” followed by 

the average of the sample-specific quantitation limits; and 

 If all results were below the method detection limit, then the sample-specific 

quantitation limits for all results were averaged and the result is reported as “ND” 

followed by the average of the sample-specific quantitation limits. 
4-2 

Table 4-4 presents the 4-day average results for all classical analytes for the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), and 

the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3). Table 4-5 presents the 4-day average results for 

all metal analytes, including total and dissolved analyses, for the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), and the effluent from the 

bioreactor system (SP-3). The results presented in this report are not paired results, meaning that 

the sample collection across the treatment system was not timed to reflect the amount of time it 

takes the wastewater to pass through the system. 

Appendix Tables A-1 through A-14 present all the analytical results from the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the 

effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), the duplicate of the influent to the bioreactor system 

(SP-4), and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-5) sample analyses, 

including J-values. 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

4-3 

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 1.40 7.30 14.0 9.0Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 14.0 17.0 20.0 22.Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 16.0 21.0 26.0 45.Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B 40.0 B 9.70 B 9.40 6.6Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 110 * NQ (200) * 130 140 Chloride mg/L 300.0 2,800 3,400 4,200 5,20Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,30Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E 0.250 0.340 0.190 0.24Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 7,000 8,900 11,000 11,0Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 1,800 3,900 2,000 2,20Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 0.350 NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 70,000 76,000 72,000 71,0Antimony ug/L 200.8 9.30 11.0 11.0 12.Arsenic ug/L 200.8 120 140 140 140 Barium ug/L 200.7 750 880 930 990 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.Boron ug/L 200.7 54,000 B 62,000 B 80,000 B 100,0Cadmium ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) 4.0Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,900,000 2,300,000 2,400,000 2,700,Chromium ug/L 200.8 120 ^ 140 ^ 130 ^ 140 Cobalt ug/L 200.7 52.0 59.0 64.0 67.Copper ug/L 200.8 140 160 160 180 Iron ug/L 200.7 64,000 69,000 68,000 70,0Lead ug/L 200.8 85.0 99.0 100 120 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

4-4 

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Magnesium ug/L 200.7 440,000 470,000 520,000 590,0Manganese ug/L 200.7 3,300 3,700 4,100 4,60Mercury ng/L 1631E 50,300 49,600 44,600 52,1Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) 41.Nickel ug/L 200.8 160 190 190 210 Selenium ug/L 200.8 1,500 1,700 1,800 1,80Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Sodium ug/L 200.7 29,000 32,000 34,000 38,0Thallium ug/L 200.8 2.50 3.20 3.30 3.1Tin ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (2Titanium ug/L 200.7 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,60Vanadium ug/L 200.8 130 150 160 180 Zinc ug/L 200.8 220 280 280 330 Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) ND (200) ND (2Antimony ug/L 200.8 2.00 2.80 3.50 4.0Arsenic ug/L 200.8 8.70 10.0 10.0 7.1Barium ug/L 200.7 250 310 410 500 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Boron ug/L 200.7 50,000 B 59,000 B 80,000 B 100,0Cadmium ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,500,000 1,700,000 2,000,000 2,500,Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (1Cobalt ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) 20.0 22.0 25.Copper ug/L 200.8 12.0 12.0 11.0 8.9
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

4-5 

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Iron ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Magnesium ug/L 200.7 400,000 440,000 500,000 550,0Manganese ug/L 200.7 2,800 3,100 3,600 4,00Mercury ng/L 1631E 15.2 21.0 16.4 75.Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (4Nickel ug/L 200.8 71.0 77.0 80.0 93.Selenium ug/L 200.8 230 290 340 400 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Sodium ug/L 200.7 28,000 31,000 36,000 40,0Thallium ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (1Zinc ug/L 200.8 30.0 43.0 32.0 43.
Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-6 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 5.80 6.80 8.85 11.0 Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 14.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 7.70 8.60 10.5 3.20 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B 7.40 B 5.20 3.65 3.90 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 NQ (200) * 79.0 < 72.0 84.0 Chloride mg/L 300.0 3,100 3,200 3,300 3,600 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E NQ (0.100) NQ (0.100) 0.130 0.110 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 7,500 7,800 7,150 7,800 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 0.0610 NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) NQ (20Antimony ug/L 200.8 2.20 2.20 2.30 2.90 Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.Barium ug/L 200.7 220 200 220 250 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Boron ug/L 200.7 55,000 B 54,000 B 59,000 64,00Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,800,0Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ND (8.
Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-7 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20Copper ug/L 200.8 10.0 9.30 11.0 12.0 Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) ND (200) NQ (200) NQ (20Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NQ (2.Magnesium ug/L 200.7 420,000 400,000 420,000 420,00Manganese ug/L 200.7 400 340 440 520 Mercury ng/L 1631E 711 1,320 991 1,120 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40Nickel ug/L 200.8 8.20 7.90 8.10 7.90 Selenium ug/L 200.8 110 94.0 88.5 87.0 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Sodium ug/L 200.7 31,000 29,000 30,500 31,00Thallium ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10Zinc ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Antimony ug/L 200.8 2.40 2.30 2.25 2.60 Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.Barium ug/L 200.7 220 210 220 250 
Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-8 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Boron ug/L 200.7 57,000 B 56,000 B 58,500 63,00Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,700,000 1,700,000 1,700,000 1,900,0Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20Copper ug/L 200.8 10.0 8.90 11.0 12.0 Iron ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Magnesium ug/L 200.7 410,000 370,000 405,000 400,00Manganese ug/L 200.7 370 320 410 470 Mercury ng/L 1631E 219 483 304 361 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40Nickel ug/L 200.8 9.20 7.40 8.30 8.20 Selenium ug/L 200.8 98.0 93.0 86.5 87.0 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Sodium ug/L 200.7 31,000 31,000 32,000 31,00Thallium ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10
Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-9 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Zinc ug/L 200.8 12.0 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10
Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-10 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 13.0 F 11.0 11.0 12Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 NQ (0.100) 0.130 ND (0.100) NQ (0Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 14.0 4 12.5 12.0 13Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B NQ (2.50) B NQ (2.50) ND (2.00) NQ (Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 NQ (200) * 67.0 NQ (100) F 36Chloride mg/L 300.0 3,400 3,250 3,200 3,2Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,500 1,500 1,400 1,4Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E 0.110 < 0.0800 0.120 B 0.1Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 8,000 8,400 7,100 7,5Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 0.110 0.160 0.190 F 0.1Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (Antimony ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Arsenic ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Barium ug/L 200.7 210 215 210 22Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Boron ug/L 200.7 65,000 B,4 66,000 63,000 B,4 61,Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,700,000 4 1,650,000 1,600,000 4 1,600Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ^ ND (Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (
Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-11 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Copper ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) 210 NQ (Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Magnesium ug/L 200.7 450,000 4 435,000 410,000 4 420Manganese ug/L 200.7 470 435 400 44Mercury ng/L 1631E 12.6 30.0 27.7 17Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) ND (Nickel ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Selenium ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Sodium ug/L 200.7 33,000 32,500 31,000 31,Thallium ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (Zinc ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) 15.0 NQ (Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (Antimony ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Barium ug/L 200.7 220 220 210 1Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Boron ug/L 200.7 71,000 B,4 66,500 63,000 B,4 57,
Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. * - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. 

4-12 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D

Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (Calcium ug/L 200.7 1,900,000 4 1,700,000 1,600,000 4 1,700Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (Copper ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) B NQ (200) NQ (200) B NQ (Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) NQ (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Magnesium ug/L 200.7 440,000 4 425,000 400,000 4 190Manganese ug/L 200.7 440 405 380 19Mercury ng/L 1631E 10.4 33.4 28.3 15Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) ND (40.0) ND (40.0) NQ (Nickel ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) NQ (Selenium ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Sodium ug/L 200.7 34,000 33,500 32,000 16,Thallium ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (Zinc ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. 

4-13 

Table 4-4. Classical Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment S

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment 

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2)

4-Day Average

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 7.93 8.11 Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 18.3 13.3 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 27.0 7.50 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B 16.4 5.04 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 < 120 < 83.8 Chloride mg/L 300.0 3,900 3,300 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,330 1,400 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E 0.255 < 0.0850 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 9,480 7,560 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 2,480 NQ (4.00) Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 < 0.106 < 0.0340 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. 

4-14 

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment Sys

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment 

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2)

4-Day Average

Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Tot

MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 72,300 NQ (200) NQ (200) ND (200) NQ (Antimony ug/L 200.8 10.8 3.08 2.40 2.39 ND (2Arsenic ug/L 200.8 135 8.95 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Barium ug/L 200.7 888 368 223 225 21Beryllium ug/L 200.7 11.5 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Boron ug/L 200.7 74,000 72,300 58,000 58,600 63,8Cadmium ug/L 200.8 < 2.50 NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4Calcium ug/L 200.7 2,330,000 1,930,000 1,680,000 1,750,000 1,640Chromium ug/L 200.8 133 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 NA ND (10.0) NA ND (10.0) NA Cobalt ug/L 200.7 60.5 < 19.3 ND (20.0) NQ (20.0) ND (2Copper ug/L 200.8 160 11.0 10.6 10.5 ND (4Iron ug/L 200.7 67,800 ND (200) NQ (200) ND (200) < 1Lead ug/L 200.8 101 ND (2.00) NQ (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Magnesium ug/L 200.7 505,000 473,000 415,000 396,000 429,Manganese ug/L 200.7 3,930 3,380 425 393 43Mercury ng/L 1631E 49,200 31.9 1,040 342 21Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 < 25.3 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (4Nickel ug/L 200.8 188 80.3 8.03 8.28 NQ (4Selenium ug/L 200.8 1,700 315 94.9 91.1 NQ (4Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Sodium ug/L 200.7 33,300 33,800 30,400 31,300 31,9Thallium ug/L 200.8 3.03 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) ND (2Tin ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (Titanium ug/L 200.7 1,530 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. 

4-15 

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment Sys

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment 

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2)

4-Day Average

Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Tot

Vanadium ug/L 200.8 155 NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (1Zinc ug/L 200.8 278 37.0 NQ (10.0) < 6.75 < 7
5-1 

5. DATA QUALITY

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the Allen sampling 

episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam Electric Rulemaking 

(QAPP) [2]. This section describes the QC procedures used to assess the precision and accuracy 

of the analytical data presented in Section 4 and Appendix A. QC practices used for this 

sampling episode include the analysis of matrix spikes, blanks, duplicate samples, and QC 

standard checks. 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

ERG contracted directly with analytical laboratories for the analysis of samples collected 

during this episode. ERG verified that the performance of the laboratories selected was 

acceptable by conducting QC checks of the analytical data. Data review chemists at ERG 

prepared written data review narratives describing any qualifications of the analytical data from 

this episode. The data review narratives are included in Appendix B. 

5.2 Field Quality Control

This subsection discusses the bottle blanks, equipment blanks, field blanks, and field 

duplicate sample results. Section 3.8 of the Sampling Plan discusses field QC specifications. 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks 

ERG collects bottle blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the sample collection 

bottles. Bottle blanks were collected and analyzed for metals (EPA Method 200.8, 200.7, and 

1631E) by the supplier of the precleaned bottles, Frontier Global Sciences. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the bottle blanks for the metals sample bottles by 

filling the precleaned bottle with reagent water, preserving the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2 

S.U. Frontier Global Sciences then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1638. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the bottle blanks for the mercury sample bottles by 

filling the precleaned bottle with reagent water, preserving the sample with bromine 

monochloride. Frontier Global Sciences then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1631E. 

Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the 10- and 20-liter composite 

containers by filling the container with approximately two liters of ASTM Type 1 water and 

allowing it to soak for approximately 24 hours. During this period, the laboratory shook the 

container periodically and changed its orientation to expose all surfaces of the container to the 

ASTM Type 1 water. Albion Environmental then shook the 10- and 20-liter containers and 

poured a representative sample into a precleaned LDPE sample bottle. The blank samples were 

then preserved and analyzed according to the analytical methods (i.e., EPA Method 1638). 

No metals were detected in the bottle blanks, except for aluminum in the 10-liter 

composite containers. Aluminum was detected in the 10-L container at a concentration of 4.71 

ug/L, which is well below the quantitation limit used for the sample analyses (i.e., 200 ug/L); 

therefore, this contamination did not affect the results of the sampling episode. Appendix Table 

A-15 presents all of the analytical results from the bottle blank analyses for the bottles used to 

collect the metals and mercury samples. 
5-2 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks 

EPA collects equipment blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the equipment 

used for sample collection. The techniques used to collect field blanks (as described in Section 

5.2.3) include the sampling equipment and therefore would identify whether the sampling 

equipment was introducing contamination. In addition, Frontier Global Sciences collected and 

analyzed equipment blanks for metals (EPA Method 1638 and 1631E) for each type of 

precleaned equipment supplied for the episode. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the equipment blanks for the capsule filters and 

fabricated tubing sets by pumping reagent water through the cleaned and fully assembled 

equipment sets (with the filter attached) into a cleaned bottle (an HDPE bottle for metals and a 

glass bottle for mercury). The blank samples were then preserved and analyzed according to the 

analytical methods (EPA Method 1638 and 1631E), as described in Section 5.2.1 for the bottle 

blank samples. 

No other metals were detected in the equipment blanks, indicating that there was no 

contamination from the sampling equipment. Appendix Table A-15 presents all of the analytical 

results from the bottle blank and equipment blank analyses for all of the equipment used for the 

collection of metals and mercury samples. 

5.2.3 Field Blanks 

The sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6, SP-7, and SP-8) to evaluate possible 

contamination from sampling equipment, sampling equipment decontamination procedures, 

sample collection procedures, or atmospheric contamination. EPA analyzed the field blank 

samples for the total and dissolved metals and total and dissolved mercury samples1

. 

The total mercury, total metals by 200.8, and total metals by 200.7 field blank samples 

for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-6) were collected by pouring 

ASTM Type 1 water through a precleaned funnel attached to the silicone tubing used for sample 

collection. To prevent potential atmospheric deposition, the sampling team shrouded the blank 

water and funnel with a plastic bag while pouring the blank water into the funnel and placed the 

sample bottles in a “cleanbox.” Prior to filling the sample bottles, the tubing was purged with 

approximately 1 liter of blank water. The ASTM Type 1 water flowed through the funnel, tubing, 

and “Y” splitter, and was poured into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples 

as “true” split samples with Allen’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the 

sample collection description (Section 3.1). 

The dissolved metals by 200.8, dissolved metals by 200.7, and dissolved hexavalent 

chromium field blank samples for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-6) 

were collected by pouring ASTM Type 1 water through the funnel and tubing and into a 10-liter 

composite container. After approximately 90 minutes, the sampling team began pumping off the 

ASTM Type 1 water from the 10-liter composite container. Prior to filling the sample bottles, the 

 

1 EPA did not collect a dissolved mercury field blank sample because the sample filtration was performed at the 

laboratory to minimize potential mercury contamination. The laboratory performed a filtration blank prior to 

filtering the sample, which is assessed as the field blank for the dissolved mercury sample. Mercury was not 

detected above the method detection limit (0.24 ng/L) in the filtration blanks performed for the first, second, third, 

fourth, or fifth day of samples.
5-3 

tubing was purged with approximately 0.75 liters of blank water. The sample bottles were placed 

in a “cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing, capsule filter, and 

“Y” splitter, and into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split 

samples with Allen’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection 

description (Section 3.1). 

The total mercury field blank sample for the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-7) and 

for the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-8) were collected by shrouding one of the three 

taps on the sample tap splitter with a clear plastic bag. Before purging the sample tap, ASTM 

Type 1 water was poured directly into the sample bottles under the clear plastic bag. 

The total and dissolved metals by 200.7 and metals by 200.8 field blank samples for the 

influent to the bioreactor system (SP-7) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-8) were 

collected by filling a 20-liter composite container with ASTM Type 1 water. The same T-splitter 

tubing used to fill the metals composite container at each point was used with a pump to fill the 

20-liter field blank composite container. Prior to attaching one end of the tubing to the sample 

tap, it was placed directly into the container holding ASTM Type 1 water. The other end of the 

tubing was attached to the vented cap on top of the 20-liter field blank composite container. 

After enough volume was pumped into the 20-liter field blank composite container, the vented 

cap was replaced with a closed cap and the container was placed on ice in a covered plastic trash 

can. The vented cap used for the field blank collection was the same cap that was later used for 

the metals composite container. 

After 24 hours, the ASTM Type 1 water in the 20-liter field blank composite container 

was pumped off into the individual sample bottles. The sample bottles were placed in a 

“cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing and “Y” splitter, and 

into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples with 

Allen’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection description 

(Section 3.1). Prior to filling the sample bottles, the tubing was purged with approximately one 

liter of ASTM Type 1 water. First the samplers collected the total metals by 200.8 and total 

metals by 200.7 field blank samples. Then the sampling team attached a filter to the tubing set 

and purged the tubing with approximately one liter of ASTM Type 1 water. The samplers then 

collected the dissolved metals by 200.8, dissolved metals by 200.7, and dissolved hexavalent 

chromium field blank samples. 

No metals were detected in the field blank samples above the quantitation limit, 

indicating that there was no contamination from the sample collection procedures. Appendix 

Tables A-16 through A-24 present all the analytical results for the field blanks from each of the 

sampling points, including all qualified results and all results that were measured above the 

method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates 

The sampling team collected field duplicate samples to assess the sampling measurement 

precision for the episode. Field duplicate samples are separate samples collected from the same 

location as the original sample. The duplicate is filled immediately after the original sample and 

is stored and analyzed independently. The RPD between the two sample results is examined to 

determine the precision of the data. EPA used the following equation to calculate the RPD for 

the duplicate sample results. 
5-4 

100

2

S D

S D

RPD(%) 





 



 

  (5-1) 

where: 

S = concentration of the analyte from original sample analysis; 

D = concentration of the analyte from the duplicate sample analysis; and 

RPD = relative percent difference between the original and duplicate sample 

result. 

During this sampling episode, EPA collected duplicate samples for the influent to the 

bioreactor system (SP-4) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-5) during day 3 and 

day 2 of the sampling episode, respectively. The duplicate samples were analyzed for all 

analytes. Tables 5-1 and 5-2 present the analytical results and the RPD for SP-4 and SP-5, 

respectively. Results are rounded to three significant digits. Appendix Tables A-7 and A-13 

present all the analytical results for the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 3 and the 

duplicate of the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-4) sample analyses, including all qualified 

results and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the 

quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). Appendix Tables A-10 and A-14 present all the analytical 

results for the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 2 and the duplicate of the effluent 

from the bioreactor system (SP-5) sample analyses, including all qualified results and all results 

that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (i.e., Jvalues). 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-5 

5-5 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2)

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4)

A

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 8.90 8.80 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 13.0 13.0 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 10.0 11.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 3.60 3.70 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L NQ (100) 94.0 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 3,200 3,400 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 1,400 1,400 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 0.120 B 0.140 B Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 7,200 7,100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NPhosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0500) NQ Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NAntimony 200.8 ug/L 2.30 2.30 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NBarium 200.7 ug/L 220 220 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBoron 200.7 ug/L 59,000 B 59,000 B Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 1,700,000 1,700,000 1Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ^ NCobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) NCopper 200.8 ug/L 11.0 11.0 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-6 

5-6 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2)

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4)

A

Iron 200.7 ug/L ND (200) NQ (200) NLead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 430,000 410,000 4Manganese 200.7 ug/L 440 440 Mercury 1631E ng/L 962 1,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NNickel 200.8 ug/L 8.80 7.40 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 91.0 86.0 Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NSodium 200.7 ug/L 30,000 31,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NTin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NTitanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NVanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NZinc 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NDissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NAntimony 200.8 ug/L 2.10 2.40 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NBarium 200.7 ug/L 220 220 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBoron 200.7 ug/L 59,000 B 58,000 B Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 1,700,000 1,700,000 1
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-7 

5-7 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2)

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4)

A

Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ND (8.00) NChromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NCobalt 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NCopper 200.8 ug/L 11.0 11.0 Iron 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NLead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 420,000 390,000 4Manganese 200.7 ug/L 420 400 Mercury 1631E ng/L 306 301 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NNickel 200.8 ug/L 8.60 8.00 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 86.0 87.0 Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NSodium 200.7 ug/L 32,000 32,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NTin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NTitanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NVanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NZinc 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) N
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-8 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Effluent 

from Bioreactor 

System, Day 2

Concentration (SP-3)

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-5)

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 11.0 11.0 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 0.130 0.130 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 12.0 13.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L NQ (2.50) NQ (2.50) NChemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 79.0 55.0 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 3,200 3,300 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 1,500 1,500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 0.110 NQ (0.100) Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 8,100 8,700 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NPhosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 0.160 0.160 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) NQ (200) NAntimony 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NBarium 200.7 ug/L 220 210 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBoron 200.7 ug/L 66,000 B 66,000 B Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 1,700,000 1,600,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ^ NCobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) N
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-9 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Effluent 

from Bioreactor 

System, Day 2

Concentration (SP-3)

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-5)

Copper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NIron 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) NQ (200) NLead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 440,000 430,000 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 440 430 Mercury 1631E ng/L 28.4 31.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NNickel 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) NQ (4.00) NSelenium 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NSilver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NSodium 200.7 ug/L 33,000 32,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NTin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NTitanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NVanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NZinc 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NDissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) NQ (200) NAntimony 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NBarium 200.7 ug/L 220 220 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBoron 200.7 ug/L 66,000 B 67,000 B 
< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

5-10 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Original Effluent 

from Bioreactor 

System, Day 2

Concentration (SP-3)

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-5)

Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 1,700,000 1,700,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ND (8.00) NChromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NCobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) NCopper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NIron 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) B NQ (200) B NLead 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) ND (2.00) NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 430,000 420,000 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 410 400 Mercury 1631E ng/L 33.1 33.7 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L ND (40.0) ND (40.0) NNickel 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) NSelenium 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NSilver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NSodium 200.7 ug/L 34,000 33,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NTin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) NTitanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NVanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NZinc 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) N
6-1

6. REFERENCES

1. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2010. Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ Allen 

Steam Station. July 1. DCN SE00501. 

2. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2010. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam 

Electric Effluent Guidelines Rulemaking. (October). DCN SE00058. 

 
Appendix A 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-1 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.11 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 2.8 24 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 28 100 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-2 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-3 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 10 2.41 5.05 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-4 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.11 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 10 41 200 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 28 100 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-5 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-6 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-7 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 5 0.095 0.5 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 1.5 20 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 28 100 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-8 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-9 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-10 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Methods Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.055 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 5 0.095 0.5 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 1.5 20 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 28 100 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-11 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Methods Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-12 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, A

Analyte Methods Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-13 

Table A-5. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.11 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.15 2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 10 41 200 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-14 

Table A-5. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 500 121 252 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-15 

Table A-5. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-16 

Table A-6. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.055 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.15 2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-17 

Table A-6. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-18 

Table A-6. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-19 

Table A-7. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.055 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.15 2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-20 

Table A-7. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 500 121 252 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-21 

Table A-7. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-22 

Table A-8. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-23 

Table A-8. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 500 121 252 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. E – MS and/or MSD exceeded the calibration range. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-24 

Table A-8. Influent to Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 500 121 252 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-25 

Table A-9. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.22 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 0.31 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 10 41 200 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-26 

Table A-9. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

* - LCS or LCSD is outside the laboratory control limits. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-27 

Table A-9. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-28 

Table A-10. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 0.31 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-29 

Table A-10. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-30 

Table A-10. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-31 

Table A-11. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 0.31 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.24 2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-32 

Table A-11. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-33 

Table A-11. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 10 2.41 5.05 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-34 

Table A-12. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.15 2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 1 4.1 20 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-35 

Table A-12. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 1 4.7 100 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 1 1.2 10 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 1 0.36 1 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 1 0.57 10 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 1 16 100 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 1 11 200 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 1 0.25 10 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 1 0.81 20 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-36 

Table A-12. Effluent from Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 1 92 5,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 1 2.4 100 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 1 0.82 10 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-37 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Classicals Ammonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.055 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.15 2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-38 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 5 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 500 121 252 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-39 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-40 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 2 0.11 2 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 4 0.31 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 1 0.3 2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 2 8.1 40 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 50 12 250 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 19 40 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 10 33 1,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 10 340 2,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-41 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 
ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

A-42 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Allen 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the quantitation limit). 

A-43 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

HDPE 250 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for metals and hexavalent chromium samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

HDPE 500 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for metals samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the quantitation limit). 

A-44 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

125 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for mercury composite samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

250 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for mercury grab samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

LDPE 10 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for dissolved/filtration pump-off)

Aluminuma EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L 4.71 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

LDPE 20 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for dissolved/filtration pump-off)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the quantitation limit). 

A-45 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Sample Tap Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (seven feet of #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, and two pieces of 5 

feet of #24 silicone tubing for sample collection for mercury and metals from sample taps) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the quantitation limit). 

A-46 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Pump-Off Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Three feet of Teflon® tubing, 10 feet of #73 silicone tubing, Ysplitter, and two pieces of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for total and dissolved sample collection for metals)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

T-Splitter Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Ten feet of #73 silicone tubing, T-splitter, six feet of #73 silicone 

tubing, and 15 feet of #73 silicone tubing for total and dissolved sample collection for metal composites)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the quantitation limit). 

A-47 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Allen

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 
A-48 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Res

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-49 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Res

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-50 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-17. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Alle

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 NAntimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 N
A-51 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-17. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Alle

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 NCadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-52 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-18. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, Alle

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-53 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-19. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, Alle

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-54 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-20. Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, Alle

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL C

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 N
A-55 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-21. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, All

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 NAntimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 N
A-56 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-21. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, All

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL 

Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 NCadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-57 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-22. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, All

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL Concentra

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 ND (0.5
A-58 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-23. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, All

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL C

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 N
A-59 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-24. Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, All

Analyte Method Units

Dilution

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample Specific QL C

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
Appendix B 

DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES 
Appendix C 

PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE 
C-1 

Figure C-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” 

 
C-2 

Figure C-2. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System 

 
C-3 

Figure C-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station 

 
C-4 

Figure C-4. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System 

 
C-5 

Figure C-5. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System