U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Resources Investigations Report

U.S. Department of the Interior

Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground

Water at Swine Licensed-Managed

Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

02–4257

Prepared in cooperation with the

OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND

FORESTRY
WRIR 02-4257 original edition December 2002

Revised January 2003

On Cover: Monitoring wells near swine licensed-managed feeding operations. Photographs taken by Mark F. Becker, U.S. Geological Survey.
U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Resources Investigations Report

U.S. Department of the Interior

Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground

Water at Swine Licensed-Managed

Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

By Mark F. Becker, Kathy D. Peter, and Jason Masoner

02–4257

Prepared in cooperation with the

OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND

FORESTRY
Becker and others—Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001—USGS/

WRIR 02–4257

Printed on recycled paper
U.S. Department of the Interior

GALE A. NORTON, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

CHARLES G. GROAT, Director

The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does

not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey

Information Services

Box 25286

Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: OKLAHOMA CITY 2003

Additional information about water resources in Oklahoma is available on the World Wide Web at

http://ok.water.usgs.gov

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

202 NW 66 St., Bldg. 7

Oklahoma City, OK 73116
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground 

Water at Swine Licensed-Managed 

Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

By Mark F. Becker, Kathy D. Peter, and Jason Masoner

Prepared in cooperation with the OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND FORESTRY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4257
 iii

Contents

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Hydrogeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Methods of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Site Selection and Sampling Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Quality Assurance and Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Identification of Possible Sources of Nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Water Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Major Ions and Trace Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Nitrogen Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Wastewater Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Bacteria and Ribotyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Selected References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1. Dissolved major ions analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells 

at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells 

at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79

monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001. . . . . . . . . . 52

Figures

1. Map showing location of swine licensed-managed feeding operations where lagoons and w

ells were sampled in 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

2-5. Graphs showing:

2. Distribution of d15N from major sources of nitrates in the hydrosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3. Nitrate concentrations in samples from 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed

feeding operations in Oklahoma distributed by source categories determined by 

nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4. Wastewater organic compounds detections in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 

79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma 

showing wells samples grouped by source categories determined by nitrogen-isotope

ratios of nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
iv 

5. Distribution of possible sources or mixtures of possible sources of nitrate in ground water 

from 79 monitoring wells located at swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

in Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Tables

1. Location and well information for 10 lagoons and 79 monitoring wells sampled at swine licensedmanaged feeding operations in Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

2. Constituents analyzed for this study, analyzing laboratory, laboratory method, and method 

references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

3. Percentage land use from 1988 to 1992 within a 500-meter radius of monitoring wells located 

at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4. Water properties and fecal coliform bacteria measured in samples from lagoons and monitoring 

wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5. Minimum, maximum, and median of specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved 

oxygen measured in samples from lagoons and monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed 

feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6. Descriptive statistics for major ions measured in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring 

wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

7. Nutrients in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at selected swine licensedmanaged feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8. Compound names and general sources of wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples 

from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding 

operations in Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

9. Wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen isotopes, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria 

detections, ribotyping sources, and possible sources of nitrate in samples from eight lagoons 

and 79 monitoring wells collected from swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

in Oklahoma, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
v 

Conversion Factors and Datum

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the insert datum name (and abbreviation) here, 

for instance, “North American Vertical Datum of 19988 (NAVD 88).”

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the insert datum name (and abbreviation) 

here, for instance, “North American Datum of 19988 (NAVD 88).”

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25°C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 

micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L)
Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine 

Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

By Mark F. Becker, Kathy D. Peter and Jason Masoner

Abstract

Samples collected and analyzed by the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry from 1999 to 2001 

determined that nitrate exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for public drinking-water supplies of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 79 

monitoring wells at 35 swine licensed-managed feeding operations (LMFO) in Oklahoma. 

The LMFOs are located in rural agricultural settings where 

long-term agriculture has potentially affected the ground-water 

quality in some areas. Land use prior to the construction of the 

LMFOs was assessed to evaluate the types of agricultural land 

use within a 500-meter radius of the sampled wells. 

Chemical and microbiological techniques were used to 

determine the possible sources of nitrate in water sampled from 

10 wastewater lagoons and 79 wells. Samples were analyzed for 

dissolved major ions, dissolved trace elements, dissolved nutrients, nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate and ammonia, wastewater 

organic compounds, and fecal coliform bacteria. Bacteria 

ribotyping analysis was done on selected samples to identify 

possible specific animal sources.

A decision process was developed to identify the possible 

sources of nitrate. First, nitrogen isotope ratios were used to 

define sources as animal, mixed animal and fertilizer, or fertilizer. Second, wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen-isotope ratios, fecal coliform bacteria detections, and 

ribotyping were used to refine the identification of possible 

sources as LFMO waste, fertilizer, or unidentified animal or 

mixtures of these sources. Additional evidence provided by 

ribotyping and wastewater organic compound data can, in some 

cases, specifically indicate the animal source. Detections of 

three or more wastewater organic compounds that are indicators 

of animal sources and detections of fecal coliform bacteria provided additional evidence of an animal source.

LMFO waste was designated as a possible source of nitrate 

in water from 10 wells. The source of waste in water from five 

of those wells was determined through ribotyping, and the 

source of waste in water from the remaining five wells was 

determined by detections of three or more animal-waste compounds in the well samples. LMFO waste in the water from 

wells with unidentified animal source of nitrate does not indicate that LMFO waste was not the source, but indicated that 

multiple animal sources, including LMFO waste, may be the 

source of the nitrate.

Introduction

Swine licensed-managed feeding operations (LMFOs) are 

large-scale swine farms. The animal waste generated by 

LMFOs is stored in wastewater lagoons located near the farms. 

The wastewater lagoons contain large quantities of nutrients 

and micro-organisms, and therefore, could effect ground-water 

quality. Oklahoma Rule Number 35:17-3-11E5c (Oklahoma 

Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, 1999) requires 

LMFO operators to install a leak detection system or monitoring wells.

The Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry (ODAFF) annually collects ground-water samples from 

the monitoring wells near LMFOs and analyzes the samples for 

specific conductance, pH, ammonium as nitrogen, nitrate as 

nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the presence of fecal coliform 

bacteria. Nitrate concentrations in ground-water samples collected and analyzed by ODAFF from 1999 through 2001 

exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 

maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter 

nitrate as nitrogen for public drinking-water supplies (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1995) in 79 monitoring 

wells near 35 LMFOs. The LMFOs and monitoring wells are 

located in areas of current and historical agriculture activities, 

so the source of the nitrate in the ground water could be from 

wastewater lagoons (LMFO waste), nitrogen fertilizer applications on row crops, or livestock grazing.

Sources of nitrate in ground water at the LMFO could 

come from the wastewater lagoon through land application of 

wastewater or lagoon leakage or from previous and current agricultural land-use practices. LMFO wastewater lagoons hold 

solid and liquid animal wastes and wash water from barns. 

Lagoon wastewater is commonly discharged through a large 

spray application system or center-pivot irrigation system on 

adjacent cropland or pastures. Total nitrogen concentrations as 
2 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

much as 300 milligrams per liter have been reported in swine 

wastewater lagoons in Oklahoma (Joseph Downey, Downey 

and Gutentag, LLC, written commun., 2000), indicating the 

potential for nitrogen-compound contamination of ground 

water by lagoon leakage. Most of the monitoring wells sampled 

by ODAFF from 1999 through 2001 are located in aquifers 

where nitrate concentrations have historically exceeded the 

background concentration threshold of 3 milligrams per liter, 

and agriculture has been a contributor of nitrate to the ground 

water [Adams and others (1994), Becker (1994), Litke (2000), 

McMahon (2001), Becker and others (2002); and B. B. Bruce, 

U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2001].

Determining the sources of nitrate in ground water would 

aid ODAFF in assessing whether the LMFOs negatively affect 

nearby ground-water quality. Techniques to differentiate 

between LMFO waste, mixed animal and fertilizer, or fertilizer 

as sources of nitrate in ground water are important in agricultural areas. To address these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS), in cooperation with ODAFF, conducted a study using 

chemical and microbiological techniques to determine possible 

sources of nitrate in ground water near selected LMFOs in 

Oklahoma.

Purpose and Scope

This report describes results of the study to determine possible sources of nitrate in ground water from 79 monitoring 

wells at 35 LMFOs (fig. 1) in Oklahoma. ODAFF selected the 

LMFOs and wells based on annual ground-water samples collected and analyzed from 1999 through 2001 that had nitrate 

concentrations exceeding the USEPA MCL of 10 milligrams 

per liter of nitrate as nitrogen.

LMFO wastewater lagoons and monitoring wells were 

sampled from May 2001 to August 2001 and analyzed for water 

properties, dissolved major ions, dissolved trace elements, 

nutrients, nitrogen-isotope ratios in nitrate and ammonia, wastewater organic compounds (compounds associated with household items, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, animal hormones and 

sterols, plant sterols, and hydrocarbons), and fecal coliform 

bacteria. Isolates of E. coli bacteria from fecal coliform bacteria 

colonies in well samples were ribotyped, a form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting, and compared against isolates from the lagoon samples and a library of known sources to 

determine the specific animal source of fecal coliform bacteria. 

An evaluation of antecedent land use was done to identify 

the different types of agricultural land use that existed near the 

79 monitoring wells prior to the construction of the LMFOs. 

Land-use percentages for 1988-1992 within a 500-meter radius 

of the wells were determined with geographic information system software and land-use information from the National Land 

Cover Dataset (NLCD) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000).

This report does not include a detailed hydrogeologic 

investigation at the specific sites. The extent of nitrate contamination at any given site was beyond the scope of the study. 

Nitrate for this study is reported as nitrite plus nitrate with 

nitrite generally being an insignificant amount of the sum of the 

two compounds. Nitrite plus nitrate will be identified as nitrate 

as nitrogen for purposes of clarity in this report. 

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the owners and operators of the LMFOs 

for providing site information and access to the wastewater 

lagoons and monitoring wells; David Berry with ODAFF for 

assisting in sampling; and U.S. Geological Survey personnel 

Lee Ann Alf, Dale Boyle, Marty Phillips, and Martin Schneider 

for their efforts and dedication during the sampling of the 

lagoons and wells. 

Hydrogeology

Three types of aquifers underlie the LMFOs of this study: 

major bedrock, minor bedrock, or alluvial and terrace. Major 

bedrock aquifers are large regional aquifers that have water 

quality and yields suitable for use as industrial, irrigation, 

domestic, and public supply (fig. 1). Minor bedrock aquifers are 

either local or regional geologic units that have water quality 

that is unsuitable for consumption or yields that are marginal. 

Alluvial and terrace aquifers are relatively narrow bands of 

unconsolidated sediments adjacent to streams that have water 

quality and yields sufficient for industrial, irrigation, domestic 

and public supplies. 

The only major bedrock aquifer in the LMFO areas is the 

High Plains aquifer, also referred to as the Ogallala aquifer (fig. 

1). The High Plains aquifer in Oklahoma consists of the Ogallala Formation of Tertiary age, is hydraulically connected to 

younger units, and contains heterogeneous clastic material 

ranging in size from clay to gravel (Luckey and Becker, 1999). 

The minor bedrock aquifers range in age from Pennsylvanian to 

Permian and are well indurated clastic deposits. 

The Beaver/North Canadian and Cimarron alluvial and terrace aquifers consist primarily of interbedded sands, clays, and 

gravels of Quaternary age. Water-table elevations generally follow local topography, direction of ground-water flow is usually 

from areas of higher elevation to lower elevation, and ground 

water ultimately discharges to the river. More detailed descriptions of the hydrogeology of the alluvial and terrace aquifers of 

the Beaver/North Canadian and Cimarron Rivers are reported 

by Davis and Christenson (1981) and Adams and Bergman 

(1996). 

Methods of study

Seven chemical and microbiological methods were used to 

investigate the sources of nitrate in the water sampled from 8 

lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at 35 LMFOs. Samples col-
Methods of study 3 Figure 1. Location of swine licensed-managed feeding operations where lagoons and wells were sampled in 2001.

103 ̊W 102 ̊W 101 ̊W 100 ̊W 99 ̊W 98 ̊W 97 ̊W 96 ̊W 95 ̊W

37 ̊N36 ̊N35 ̊N34 ̊N33 ̊N

0 50 100 25 Miles

0 100 200 50 Kilometers

Oklahoma City

Ada

Woodward

Cimarron

R iver

N

. Ca nad ai n R vi er

N

.

Canadian River

Beaver River

Texas

Beaver

EXPLANATION

Extent of alluvial and terrace aquifers

Beaver/North CanadianCimarron

Surficial extent of bedrock aquifers

Cedar Hills High PlainsRush SpringsSimpson Arbuckle

County boundaries

Rivers

Swine licensed-managed feeding operations Cities
4 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

lected from wastewater lagoons and monitoring wells were analyzed for dissolved major ions, dissolved trace elements, nutrients, nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate and ammonia, wastewater 

organic compounds, and fecal coliform bacteria. Bacteria 

ribotyping was used to determine the possible source of E. coli

bacteria isolates. Two additional lagoons at one LMFO were 

sampled and analyzed only for dissolved major ions and dissolved trace elements. 

Because prior agricultural land-use activities may affect 

nitrate concentrations in the ground water, antecedent land use 

near the monitoring wells was mapped using the NLCD digital 

coverages developed from Landsat images taken from 1988 to 

1992. 

Site selection and sampling methods

According to the Oklahoma rules (Oklahoma Department 

of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, 1999), monitoring wells are 

to be installed within 150 feet of the crown of the outer berm of 

the wastewater lagoon and drilled at least through the first aquifer encountered, but one downgradient well and one upgradient 

well are not to exceed a depth of 50 feet below the base of the 

lagoon. One downgradient well shall be drilled to the first aquifer encountered or the first impermeable layer, but not to exceed 

a depth of 100 feet below the bottom of the lagoon. 

The 79 monitoring wells sampled for this study were 

selected by the ODAFF because water samples from those wells 

had exceeded the USEPA MCL of 10 milligrams per liter for 

nitrate as nitrogen. Table 1 shows the wells, locations, aquifer 

type, land-surface elevations, well depths and depths to water at 

the time of sampling. Wells 23 and 36 also are supply wells for 

the LMFO and were pumping prior to and during the sampling 

period, so the depth to water was not measured. 

All 22 major bedrock aquifer wells were completed in the 

High Plains aquifer. The depth to water in the major bedrock 

aquifer wells ranged from 15.37 to 113.30 feet (table 1) with a 

median of 54.30 feet. Those well depths ranged from 28.6 to 

128 feet (table 1) with a median of 71.3 feet. Eight wells were

completed in minor bedrock aquifers. The depth to water 

in the minor bedrock aquifer wells ranged from 6.29 to 11.86 

feet (table 1) with a median of 8.97 feet. Well depth in minor 

bedrock aquifer wells ranged from 14.8 to 50.9 feet (table 1) 

with a median of 16.4 feet. Forty-nine wells were installed in 

the Beaver/North Canadian and Cimarron alluvial and terrace 

aquifers. Depth to water in the wells in the alluvial and terrace 

aquifers ranged from 3.07 to 64.97 feet (table 1) with a median 

of 28.61 feet. Those well depths ranged from 20.6 to 94.4 feet 

(table 1), with a median of 55.5 feet.

Eight wastewater lagoons were selected for sampling to 

characterize the effluent, and to determine if effluent was the 

source of nitrate in ground water at the selected LMFOs. 

Lagoon selection was based upon the spatial distribution of the 

selected sites and the type of operation. Spatial distributions of 

lagoons to be sampled were determined to cover a range of climatic conditions and possible differences in the percentages of 

agricultural land uses represented. Different types of operations, such as finishing, nursery, or sow farms were selected 

because of the differences of operational procedures at the different facilities. 

The study was conducted in accordance with USGS protocols (Brunett and others, 1997), which addresses methods of 

collection, processing, analysis, storage, review, and publication of ground-water data. Ground-water-quality samples were 

collected according to USGS and ODAFF protocols (Wilde and 

other, 1998; Shirazi, 1999). Well volumes of the saturated portion of the wells were calculated and three well volumes were 

purged prior to sample collection. Measurements of specific 

conductance, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity 

were taken every 5 minutes to assess the stability of the waterquality conditions prior to sampling. With the exception of the 

two pumping wells, disposable Teflon bailers were used to 

purge and sample the wells. Dissolved major ions, dissolved 

trace elements, nutrients, and nitrogen isotope well samples 

were filtered in the field through a 0.45-micron disposable capsule filter. All tubing and buckets were decontaminated after 

use with quality-assured, phosphate-free soap, rinsed with 

deionized water, and placed in sealed plastic bags until used. 

Water samples collected for fecal coliform bacteria were poured 

directly from the bailer into sterile containers, chilled, and processed in less than 6 hours from the time the sample was collected. Processing, filtration, and interpretation of fecal 

coliform bacteria was done by methods described by Myers and 

Sylvester (1997). Major ions, nutrients, nitrogen isotope, and 

wastewater organic compounds samples were chilled and preserved, if necessary. Samples were stored at 4 degrees Celsius 

and shipped to the laboratory, by an overnight courier. 

E. coli isolates from well samples for ribotyping were 

obtained from the fecal coliform bacteria colonies cultured by 

the USGS. Plates containing fecal coliform bacteria colonies 

were kept chilled and shipped overnight to the laboratory. E. 

coli isolates from lagoon and cattle source samples for ribotyping were cultured by the Institute of Environmental Health, 

Seattle, WA, from raw material, collected in sterile 120-milliliter containers, chilled, and shipped overnight. Lagoon samples, 

with the exception of the nutrient samples, were filtered by the 

analyzing laboratories. All nutrient, nitrogen isotope, and 

wastewater organic compound samples were chilled to 4 

degrees Celsius following collection and shipped overnight 

within 72 hours of being collected. Major ions were stored in 

500- and 250-milliliter polyethylene bottles. Filtered trace element samples were stored in 500-milliliter acid-rinsed bottles 

and preserved with reagent grade nitric acid at a pH of less than 

2.0. Nutrient samples were filtered and stored in 125-milliliter, 

brown, polyethylene bottles. Nitrogen isotope samples were 

filled to capacity, stored in 1-liter polyethylene bottles, and 

sealed with a polyseal cap minimizing head space in the bottle. 

The sample was preserved with 2 milliliters of reagent grade 

sulfuric acid. Whole-water samples for wastewater organic 

compound analysis were stored in 1-liter, baked, amber glass 

bottles sealed with Teflon-lined caps. 
Methods of study 5

Table 1. Location and well information for 10 lagoons and 79 monitoring wells sampled at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma

[L, lagoon; dms, degrees, minutes, seconds; Legal location is in section, township, range; ECM, east of Cimarron Meridian; W, west; E, east; --, no data]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Latitude

(dms)

Longitude

(dms) Aquifer type Legal location

Landsurface 

elevation

(feet)

Well 

depth

(feet)

Depth to 

water

(feet)

L1 343756096364402 343755 963645 -- 19 02N 07E -- -- --

L2 351857098004304 351904 980033 -- 26 10N 08W -- -- --

L3 360635098032902 360634 980330 -- 21 19N 08W -- -- --

L4 361028098440703 361053 984416 -- 30 20N 14W -- -- --

L5 361028098440705 361053 984416 -- 30 20N 14W -- -- --

L6 361028098440706 361053 984416 -- 30 20N 14W -- -- --

L7 362118099050001 362118 990500 -- 25 22N 18W -- -- --

L8 363605101241301 363605 1012413 -- 35 02N 17ECM -- -- --

L9 365009100450901 365009 1004509 -- 5 04N 28ECM -- -- --

L10 365956099473701 365956 994737 -- 16 29N 24W -- -- --

1 343756096364401 343757 963644 Minor Bedrock 19 02N 07E 790 15.6 10.00

2 343756096364403 343750 963647 Minor Bedrock 19 02N 07E 780 15.4 7.45

3 351857098004301 351907 980031 Minor Bedrock 26 10N 08W 1,370 17.3 11.86

4 351857098004302 351904 980036 Minor Bedrock 26 10N 08W 1,340 19.2 8.69

5 351857098004303 351906 980036 Minor Bedrock 26 10N 08W 1,340 17.9 10.07

6 353922098503101 353922 985031 Minor Bedrock 30 14N 15W 1,745 50.9 9.25

7 360134097591401 360134 975914 Alluvial/Terrace 19 18N 07W 1,120 25.4 7.82

8 360135097591801 360135 975918 Alluvial/Terrace 19 18N 07W 1,120 20.6 7.08

9 360146098013602 360145 980135 Alluvial/Terrace 23 18N 08W 1,160 32.6 14.21

10 360212097583601 360213 975836 Alluvial/Terrace 17 18N 07W 1,120 21.3 3.07

11 360317098015301 360317 980153 Alluvial/Terrace 11 18N 08W 1,135 36.8 12.50

12 360317098015302 360320 980157 Alluvial/Terrace 10 18N 08W 1,145 63.9 19.72

13 360317098015303 360324 980151 Alluvial/Terrace 11 18N 08W 1,135 67.5 19.19

14 360325098010701 360325 980107 Alluvial/Terrace 11 18N 08W 1,135 49.7 9.14

15 360339098170301 360339 981703 Minor Bedrock 5 18N 10W 1,180 14.8 6.50

16 360339098170701 360336 981707 Minor Bedrock 5 18N 10W 1,180 15.0 6.29

17 360416098013601 360417 980137 Alluvial/Terrace 2 18N 08W 1,160 50.6 11.07

18 360521098022501 360521 980225 Alluvial/Terrace 27 19N 08W 1,180 28.3 16.08

19 360521098022502 360522 980229 Alluvial/Terrace 27 19N 08W 1,180 29.3 12.60

20 360618098024501 360607 980257 Alluvial/Terrace 22 19N 08W 1,185 28.8 11.36

21 360618098024502 360618 980245 Alluvial/Terrace 22 19N 08W 1,185 20.7 8.12

22 360634098030901 360634 980309 Alluvial/Terrace 21 19N 08W 1,185 30.4 7.95

23 360634098030902 360634 980309 Alluvial/Terrace 21 19N 08W 1,185 -- --

24 360635098032901 360635 980329 Alluvial/Terrace 21 19N 08W 1,190 26.3 11.75

25 360729098060901 360729 980609 Alluvial/Terrace 18 19N 08W 1,185 31.8 14.97
6 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

26 360735098060801 360735 980608 Alluvial/Terrace 18 19N 08W 1,185 30.7 13.52

27 361028098440701 361029 984408 Alluvial/Terrace 30 20N 14W 1,680 39.8 21.52

28 361028098440702 361052 984416 Alluvial/Terrace 30 20N 14W 1,690 65.4 33.67

29 361028098440704 361056 984416 Alluvial/Terrace 30 20N 14W 1,700 73.7 41.40

30 361028098440705 361051 984338 Alluvial/Terrace 30 20N 14W 1,690 45.0 19.75

31 361028098440706 361058 984338 Alluvial/Terrace 30 20N 14W 1,710 38.3 18.83

32 361115098504701 361115 985047 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 15W 1,740 61.2 44.90

33 361116098463001 361116 984630 Alluvial/Terrace 23 20N 15W 1,720 52.6 30.80

34 361117098504301 361117 985043 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 15W 1,735 78.2 44.50

35 361118098463301 361118 984633 Alluvial/Terrace 23 20N 15W 1,725 78.7 28.82

36 361121098504501 361121 985045 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 15W 1,735 -- --

37 361122098462801 361122 984628 Alluvial/Terrace 23 20N 15W 1,725 71.6 28.40

38 361122098493901 361122 984939 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 15W 1,730 46.7 33.67

39 361133098485701 361133 984857 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 15W 1,740 90.4 47.57

40 361136098374401 361136 983744 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 13W 1,720 41.9 24.71

41 361139098374801 361139 983748 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 13W 1,710 57.5 25.02

42 361139098485901 361139 984859 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 15W 1,740 86.2 41.00

43 361143098374801 361143 983748 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 13W 1,725 52.9 28.23

44 361146098504501 361146 985045 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 15W 1,745 58.3 51.79

45 361152098504401 361152 985044 Alluvial/Terrace 19 20N 15W 1,740 59.8 48.29

46 361157098494101 361157 984941 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 15W 1,750 94.4 50.40

47 361203098494301 361203 984943 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 15W 1,760 78.4 25.04

48 361210098112201 361210 981122 Alluvial/Terrace 20 20N 09W 1,210 38.4 22.59

49 361215098491301 361215 984913 Alluvial/Terrace 17 20N 15W 1,770 62.2 30.70

50 361215098491501 361215 984915 Alluvial/Terrace 17 20N 15W 1,770 68.8 34.70

51 361240098494201 361240 984942 Alluvial/Terrace 17 20N 15W 1,775 80.9 39.22

52 361240098494401 361240 984944 Alluvial/Terrace 17 20N 15W 1,775 76.9 38.50

53 361245098494401 361245 984944 Alluvial/Terrace 17 20N 15W 1,780 76.8 38.50

54 362100099050301 362057 990503 Alluvial/Terrace 25 22N 18W 1,950 76.8 64.97

55 362118099050301 362118 990503 Alluvial/Terrace 25 22N 18W 1,950 79.1 63.75

56 362136099041201 362136 990412 Alluvial/Terrace 25 22N 18W 1,895 79.7 29.02

57 362136099051001 362136 990510 Alluvial/Terrace 26 22N 18W 1,960 74.4 55.08

58 363153101185001 363153 1011850 Major Bedrock 23 01N 17ECM 2,067 78.3 54.96

59 363601101241301 363601 1012413 Major Bedrock 35 02N 17ECM 3,070 123.0 103.82

60 363602101244501 363602 1012445 Major Bedrock 34 02N 17ECM 3,078 128.0 99.87

61 364150101071901 364150 1010719 Major Bedrock 25 03N 17ECM 2,830 124.0 103.85

62 364500101155301 364500 1011553 Major Bedrock 2 03N 17ECM 2,930 126.0 113.30

Table 1. Location and well information for 10 lagoons and 79 monitoring wells sampled at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued.

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Latitude

(dms)

Longitude

(dms) Aquifer type Legal location

Landsurface 

elevation

(feet)

Well 

depth

(feet)

Depth to 

water

(feet)
Methods of study 7

63 364722100545501 364722 1005455 Major Bedrock 25 04N 27ECM 2,745 126.0 108.19

64 364728100563501 364728 1005635 Major Bedrock 24 04N 27ECM 2,745 122.0 95.97

65 365006100451001 365006 1004510 Major Bedrock 5 04N 28ECM 2,660 127.0 85.20

66 365024100450701 365024 1004507 Major Bedrock 5 04N 28ECM 2,660 76.7 72.90

67 365919099490901 365919 994909 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,950 72.8 56.25

68 365938099490901 365938 994909 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,945 61.1 46.90

69 365941099475101 365941 994751 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,940 65.2 53.65

70 365941099490701 365941 994907 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,945 66.2 47.58

71 365942099473701 365942 994737 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,925 53.5 39.63

72 365944099473401 365944 994734 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,925 47.6 39.43

73 365945099474901 365945 994749 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,955 76.5 62.50

74 365945099491401 365945 994914 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,920 38.2 32.66

75 365947099492101 365947 994921 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,905 28.6 15.37

76 365948099491701 365948 994917 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,911 29.1 19.08

77 365954099473701 365954 994737 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,950 76.6 60.80

78 370002099484101 370002 994841 Major Bedrock 17 29N 24W 1,915 38.7 25.35

79 370003099483501 370003 994835 Major Bedrock 16 29N 24W 1,915 35.4 24.6

Table 1. Location and well information for 10 lagoons and 79 monitoring wells sampled at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued.

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Latitude

(dms)

Longitude

(dms) Aquifer type Legal location

Landsurface 

elevation

(feet)

Well 

depth

(feet)

Depth to 

water

(feet)
8 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Analytical Methods

Chemical constituents and fecal coliform bacteria were 

analyzed at five different laboratories. The analyzing laboratory, methods used for analysis, and references to the methods 

are listed in table 2. 

Fecal coliform bacteria samples from the wells and 

lagoons were collected in sterile polyethylene bottles, chilled, 

and processed within 6 hours of collection. Most of the filtration 

and incubation of fecal coliform bacteria samples were done at 

the offices of the USGS in Oklahoma City and Woodward, 

Oklahoma. On occasion, samples were cultured in the field settings in order to remain within the 6-hour sample holding time. 

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Quality assurance practices were implemented to maintain 

consistency with sampling protocols throughout the study and 

to assure clean practices. All bailers were disposed of following 

the sampling to avoid bacterial cross contamination of wells. 

The bailers were rinsed prior to sampling with an antibacterial 

agent consisting of a solution of dilute methanol and deionized 

water and lowered into the well with sterilized line. Temporary 

sample containers and tubing that were reused for filtered samples were decontaminated with quality-assured lab soap and 

rinsed with deionized water. Unfiltered samples were poured 

directly from the bailer into the sample bottle. Filtered samples 

were obtained within an enclosure using a disposable 0.45-

micron filter and reusable decontaminated tubing. 

Blank control plates were used for every lagoon and well 

sample for fecal coliform bacteria analyses. Spikes composed 

of LMFO waste were used to check for the efficacy of the 

media. Plates were refrigerated prior to processing and were 

disposed of after 3 days if unused. Plates with fecal colonies that 

were processed for ribotyping were kept refrigerated and 

shipped chilled. LMFO waste and cattle manure collected for 

ribotyping were placed in sterile cups, sealed, chilled, and 

shipped overnight. 

Nutrient and wastewater organic compound samples from 

monitoring wells were analyzed using quality-control and quality-assurance practices of the National Water-Quality Laboratory in Lakewood, Colorado. Routine analyses of replicates, 

spikes, and blind reference samples were performed (Pritt and 

Raese, 1995). 

Three primary types of quality-control samples were collected at the sampling sites: equipment blanks, field blanks, and 

replicates. Equipment blanks were collected in a setting where 

chances for contamination were negligible and used to determine if there was contamination from the sampling equipment 

or procedure. Two equipment blanks for major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and wastewater organic compounds were collected prior to sampling. Field blanks were collected at the site 

using the identical protocols for collecting the environmental 

sample and used to determine if there was contamination from 

the equipment, procedures, or setting. Replicate samples were 

collected sequentially and were used to check if handling, sampling, or analytical methods can bias the results. Six field blanks 

and replicate samples were collected for major ions, trace elements, and nutrients. Four replicate samples were collected for 

nitrogen isotopes and analyzed by the USGS National Water 

Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. Six field blank and five 

replicate samples were analyzed for wastewater organic compounds. 

Identification of Possible Sources of Nitrate

A decision process was developed to utilize all water-quality data to identify the possible sources of nitrate in the wells 

with elevated nitrate concentrations selected by ODAFF. First, 

nitrogen isotope ratios were used to define source categories as 

animal, mixed animal and fertilizer, or fertilizer (Kendall, 

1998). Second, wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen-isotope ratios, fecal coliform bacteria detections, and 

ribotyping were used to refine the identification of possible 

sources of nitrate. Additional evidence provided by wastewater 

organic compound data and ribotyping can, in some cases, specifically indicate the animal source. Detections of three or more 

wastewater organic compounds that are indicators of animal 

sources and fecal coliform bacteria provided additional evidence of an animal source.

Land Use

Agricultural land use in the study areas prior to the construction of the swine LMFOs was evaluated. Digital NLCD 

coverages of land-use information within the study areas were 

available from October 1988 to March 1992. The NLCD is 

based on 30-meter Landsat thematic map data acquired through 

the Multi-Resolution Land Characterization Consortium, and 

provide a detailed identification of the land use. Land uses 

included cultivated cropland, pasture, range land, and farmsteads. Percentage of land use within 500-meter of the sampled 

wells were determined with geographic information system 

software and land-use information from the NLCD (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000). 

Geographic information system ARC/INFO software was 

used to create areas, referred to as well areas, within a 500-

meter radius for each of the 79 monitoring wells. A general 

land-use data set was compiled for the LMFO areas of study 

(table 3). Land-use information for each well area was clipped 

out from the larger land-use data set to create the well area. The 

number of cells in a given land-use category were divided by 

the total number of cells in the well area multiplied by 100 to 

yield the percentage of land use. 

Five major land-use categories were determined (table 3) 

and, on average, those five categories account for about 99 percent of all land-use categories in the well areas. Cultivated cropland and grassland were the major land uses in the well areas 

prior to the construction of the LMFOs. Cultivated cropland 

(agriculture and row crops) on average accounted for about 57 
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 9

Table 2. Constituents analyzed for this study, analyzing laboratory, laboratory method, and method references 

[m-FC, media-fecal coliform; °C, degrees Celsius; --, not available]

Constituents Analyzing laboratory Laboratory method Method references

Fecal coliform USGS; Oklahoma City 

and Woodward, Oklahoma

Membrane filtration, m-FC media, 24 

hours at 44.5°C

Myers and Sylvester (1997)

Bacterial source 

tracking

Institute of Environmental Health, Seattle, 

Washington

Ribotype-gel electrophoresis Schlottmann and others (2000)

Dissolved anions USEPA, R.S. Kerr 

Research Laboratory, 

Ada, Oklahoma

--

Dissolved cations 

and trace elements

Mantech, Ada, Oklahoma Inductively coupled plasma-optical 

emission spectrometry

Nutrients (USGS 

schedule 2752)

USGS National WaterQuality Laboratory, 

Lakewood, Colorado

Colorimetric automated-segmented flow Farrar (1997)

Stable isotopes of 

nitrogen 

Boston University Stable 

Isotope Laboratory, 

Boston, Massachusetts

Nitrogen reduction gas chromatography/

mass spectroscopy

Rittenberg (1948), Holmes and 

others (1998), Sigman and others 

(1997)

Wastewater organic 

compounds 

(USGS lab code 

8033)

USGS National WaterQuality Laboratory, 

Lakewood, Colorado

Solid phase extraction capillary column 

gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy

Brown and others (1999)

percent of the land use. Grassland accounted for an average of 

about 30 percent. The average amount of land use for the 

remaining three categories - water, forest, and shrub land - 

accounted for about 11 percent. 

Water Quality and Chemical and 

Microbiological Techniques

Use of water-quality sampling results to determine possible sources of the nitrate are discussed in this section. Sources 

are defined as animal, mixed animal and fertilizer, and fertilizer 

by analyses of nutrients, nitrogen isotopes, wastewater organic 

compounds, bacteria, and ribotyping. Wastewater organic compounds also were used to identify a LMFO waste source.

Quality control samples indicated the water-quality analytical results were acceptable, the field methods were effective, 

and neither the equipment nor setting biased the samples. The 

nutrient blank samples had two detections of ammonia and one 

for nitrate. Ammonia concentrations in the well samples were 

generally less than the analytical reporting level and did not 

exceed 0.5 milligram per liter. The concentrations of blank 

ammonia samples would not adversely affect the ammonia 

results for the well samples. The blank detections for ammonia 

were one to six orders of magnitude less in concentrations than 

the lagoon samples. The nitrate concentration in the blank sample was two to three orders of magnitude less than the concentration detected in the well samples. The analytical reporting 

levels were increased for caffeine, phenol, and N,N-diethylmeta-toluamide (DEET) due to detections of contamination of 

these compounds in the field blanks. Caffeine and DEET were 

used by field personnel during the sampling, and, despite the 

precautions taken by field and lab personnel, some contamination did occur. As a result of the contamination in the field 

blanks, the analytical reporting level for environmental samples 

was increased to twice the concentration of the maximum concentration measured in the field blank to minimize erroneous 

positive detections. This screen reduced the number of caffeine 

detections, removed most reported detections for phenol, and 

removed all reported detections for DEET. 

No substantial differences between the analytical results of 

the environmental samples and the replicate samples for nutrient and wastewater organic compound analyses were noted. 

One wastewater organic compound analysis contained several 

detections at concentrations less than the analytical reporting 

level in the replicate sample, although no detections were 

reported in the environmental sample. These detections may be 
10 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Table 3. Percentage land use from 1988 to 1992 within a 500-meter radius of monitoring wells located at swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

in Oklahoma

Well 

number

Site identification 

number Aquifer type

Percentage land use

Percent of total 

land use 

reported Water Forest 1 Shrub 

land

Grassland

Cultivated 

cropland

1 343756096364401 Minor Bedrock 0.1 15.8 0.5 17.6 66.1 100.0

2 343756096364403 Minor Bedrock 0.1 21.1 0.6 24.8 53.5 100.0

3 351857098004301 Minor Bedrock 1.7 2.1 3.8 42.7 49.7 100.0

4 351857098004302 Minor Bedrock 2.8 3.7 5.1 40.3 48.2 100.0

5 351857098004303 Minor Bedrock 2.8 3.8 5.5 43.0 44.9 100.0

6 353922098503101 Minor Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 90.9 100.0

7 360134097591401 Alluvial/Terrace 0.2 21.6 1.5 30.9 45.7 100.0

8 360135097591801 Alluvial/Terrace 0.2 15.5 0.9 31.1 52.2 100.0

9 360146098013602 Alluvial/Terrace 7.9 24.0 18.9 49.0 0.2 100.0

10 360212097583601 Alluvial/Terrace 0.9 2.5 0.9 9.6 85.3 99.3

11 360317098015301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 14.6 10.7 44.4 30.2 100.0

12 360317098015302 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 19.1 11.6 34.3 35.0 100.0

13 360317098015303 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 9.3 12.2 49.8 28.7 100.0

14 360325098010701 Alluvial/Terrace 0.1 10.8 3.4 19.0 66.6 100.0

15 360339098170301 Minor Bedrock 0.8 0.0 0.0 11.2 88.0 100.0

16 360339098170701 Minor Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 90.9 100.0

17 360416098013601 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 93.8 100.0

18 360521098022501 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.5 0.3 5.9 93.3 100.0

19 360521098022502 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.5 0.3 5.5 93.7 100.0

20 360618098024501 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 93.3 100.0

21 360618098024502 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 95.4 100.0

22 360634098030901 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 99.7 100.0

23 360634098030902 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 99.7 100.0

24 360635098032901 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 94.8 100.0

25 360729098060901 Alluvial/Terrace 3.9 3.7 0.0 9.0 83.4 100.0

26 360735098060801 Alluvial/Terrace 4.6 4.4 0.2 7.4 83.4 100.0

27 361028098440701 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 1.2 6.5 32.1 60.3 100.0

28 361028098440702 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 2.3 1.8 26.8 68.5 99.4
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 11

29 361028098440704 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 1.4 0.1 33.4 64.5 99.4

30 361028098440705 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 23.2 10.4 42.3 24.0 100.0

31 361028098440706 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 13.4 4.7 37.1 44.8 100.0

32 361115098504701 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 4.3 7.7 40.3 47.5 99.8

33 361116098463001 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 24.1 10.7 53.0 12.3 100.0

34 361117098504301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 4.9 8.4 29.8 56.6 99.8

35 361118098463301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 25.9 10.8 50.5 12.8 100.0

36 361121098504501 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 3.7 5.5 28.9 61.6 99.8

37 361122098462801 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 15.2 6.2 65.0 13.6 100.0

38 361122098493901 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 8.3 18.4 42.2 31.1 100.0

39 361133098485701 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 3.7 19.7 39.7 36.6 99.8

40 361136098374401 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 15.4 0.9 27.8 55.9 100.0

41 361139098374801 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 16.5 3.1 18.6 61.8 100.0

42 361139098485901 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 2.4 14.8 30.2 52.5 99.9

43 361143098374801 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 17.9 4.5 16.4 61.1 100.0

44 361146098504501 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 27.1 10.3 27.7 34.9 100.0

45 361152098504401 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 27.2 11.7 39.9 21.2 100.0

46 361157098494101 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 2.1 3.2 10.6 84.1 100.0

47 361203098494301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.5 2.0 10.4 87.2 100.0

48 361210098112201 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 30.3 11.6 31.4 26.7 100.0

49 361215098491301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 13.6 2.9 20.5 63.0 100.0

50 361215098491501 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 13.7 2.8 15.8 67.8 100.0

51 361240098494201 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 11.8 0.6 15.6 71.9 99.9

52 361240098494401 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 12.0 0.6 17.3 70.0 99.9

53 361245098494401 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 13.0 0.7 27.6 58.5 99.9

54 362100099050301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 5.9 93.8 0.0 99.7

55 362118099050301 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.0 7.3 92.7 0.0 100.0

56 362136099041201 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 23.2 13.9 62.8 0.1 100.0

57 362136099051001 Alluvial/Terrace 0.0 0.6 12.2 86.9 0.3 100.0

58 363153101185001 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 70.2 95.9

Table 3. Percentage land use from 1988 to 1992 within a 500-meter radius of monitoring wells located at swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

in Oklahoma—Continued.

Well 

number

Site identification 

number Aquifer type

Percentage land use

Percent of total 

land use 

reported Water Forest 1 Shrub 

land

Grassland

Cultivated 

cropland
12 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

59 363601101241301 Major Bedrock 0.0 7.9 1.7 35.2 55.1 100.0

60 363602101244501 Major Bedrock 0.0 3.9 0.7 7.5 87.9 100.0

61 364150101071901 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 40.7 22.7 36.6 100.0

62 364500101155301 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 9.2 35.6 54.8 99.7

63 364722100545501 Major Bedrock 1.2 0.0 0.0 21.3 77.6 100.0

64 364728100563501 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 1.4 24.2 72.8 98.4

65 365006100451001 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.9 98.0 0.5 99.4

66 365024100450701 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.1 82.7 17.2 100.0

67 365919099490901 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 92.6 99.3

68 365938099490901 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 98.0 99.5

69 365941099475101 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.0 47.9 99.9

70 365941099490701 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 96.5 99.7

71 365942099473701 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.1 45.6 98.7

72 365944099473401 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.5 49.2 98.7

73 365945099474901 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.2 50.5 99.7

74 365945099491401 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.2 13.9 85.5 99.7

75 365947099492101 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.6 22.3 75.8 98.6

76 365948099491701 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.6 22.1 75.5 98.2

77 365954099473701 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.8 51.2 94.9

78 370002099484101 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 73.0 98.7

79 370003099483501 Major Bedrock 0.0 0.0 0.5 37.9 60.4 98.7

Average percent land use 0.4 6.9 4.5 30.6 57.4 99.7

1Land-use percentages may not equal 100 percent due to minor land uses that were not included in the analysis or data rounding.

Table 3. Percentage land use from 1988 to 1992 within a 500-meter radius of monitoring wells located at swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

in Oklahoma—Continued.

Well 

number

Site identification 

number Aquifer type

Percentage land use

Percent of total 

land use 

reported Water Forest 1 Shrub 

land

Grassland

Cultivated 

cropland
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 13

an artifact of the sampling method and low analytical detection 

levels. 

Water Properties

Water properties are general indicators of water quality. 

The water properties measured were specific conductance, pH, 

temperature, and dissolved oxygen (table 4). Water properties 

were measured during purging of the wells at 5-minute intervals 

prior to sampling. Water property measurements were made at 

six of eight lagoons and 79 wells. 

Specific conductance is a measure of the electrical conductivity of water and can provide an indirect estimate of the dissolved minerals. The median specific conductance of the 

lagoons was about 10 times greater than the median specific 

conductance of the monitoring wells (table 5). 

The concentration of dissolved oxygen controls the solubility or speciation of ions such as nitrate and ammonia. When 

the concentration of dissolved oxygen is very low (anaerobic 

conditions) ammonia is stable and nitrate is reduced to nitrogen 

gas. Under aerobic conditions, ammonia is converted to nitrate 

and nitrate is stable. The median dissolved oxygen concentrations in the well samples were, in some cases, about one order 

of magnitude greater than in the lagoon samples (table 5). Dissolved oxygen measured in the lagoons may be an artifact of 

algae and other plants that produce oxygen during the day and 

cease activity in the absence of daylight. Precise measurements 

of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the lagoons could not be 

made because of this process.

Major Ions and Trace Elements

Concentrations of dissolved major ions (Appendix 1) and 

trace elements (Appendix 2) from samples collected from 10 

lagoons and 76 of the 79 wells were analyzed by the USEPA, 

R.S. Kerr Research Laboratory and Mantech in Ada, Oklahoma. A similarity in concentrations of some constituents 

between the lagoons and the wells would allow major ions to be 

used as an indicator of LMFO waste. Major ions, for this study, 

did not provide any substantial evidence of LMFO waste in 

ground water, but wells may not have been located to intercept 

leakage from the lagoons.

Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate are 

greater in water from wells than in water from lagoons, and concentrations of potassium, sodium, and chloride are greater in 

water from lagoons (table 6). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, 

and sodium are not conservative, therefore, are not effective 

environmental tracers. Chloride is generally conservative, and 

in sufficient concentrations, could be used as an environmental 

tracer indicating LMFO waste. Chloride is naturally occurring 

in places and sufficient information on the well construction, 

the geology, and the hydrology of the site is needed to use chloride at concentrations greater than background concentrations 

of the ground water to identify LMFO waste. Potassium and 

sodium, though not conservative, may be an indicator of LMFO 

waste if measured at substantially greater concentrations than 

the background concentrations of ground water.

 Concentrations of most dissolved trace elements were less 

than the analytical reporting level. The analytical reporting 

level ranged from <0.002 to <0.35 milligram per liter in samples from lagoons and wells. Reducing conditions of a lagoon, 

the abundance of organic material, and sulfur may limit solubility of trace elements in lagoons by complexation and precipitation. 

Boron, barium, and strontium were the most detected trace 

elements in the well samples. These trace elements would be 

difficult to use as an indicator of LMFO waste due to the natural 

variability in ground water.

Nutrients

Nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements and is 

essential for plant and animal growth. The major sources of 

nitrogen in ground water are precipitation, oxidation of soil 

organic matter, fertilizer, animal manure, and sewage effluent. 

Fertilizers and animal waste, including human, have been associated with nitrate contamination in the United States (Mueller 

and Helsel, 1996; U.S. Geological Survey, 1999). Biochemical 

processes in soil convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to 

nitrite and nitrate. Biochemical processes in treatment facilities 

and soil convert ammonia and organic nitrogen, the reduced 

forms of nitrogen found in fertilizer and animal waste, to nitrite 

and nitrate. 

Nitrate concentrations greater than 3.0 milligrams per liter 

in ground water were considered to be the result of human influence (fertilizer applications on row crops, cattle grazing, or animal waste) based on work by Mueller and Helsel (1996) and 

Madison and Brunett (1984). Madison and Brunett (1984) used 

existing data from 87,000 wells collected over 25 years to determine some general concentrations of nitrate in ground water to 

assess the effect of human activities. Nitrate at concentrations 

less than 0.2 milligram per liter were considered to be natural 

background, and concentrations from 0.21 to 3.0 milligrams per 

liter were considered to be transitional between background and 

possible human influence. Background concentration of ammonia is estimated by Mueller and Helsel (1996) to be less than 0.1 

milligram per liter. 

Nitrate concentration in water samples from the 79 wells 

ranged from 1.4 to 96.8 milligrams per liter; 65 of the samples 

had concentrations exceeding 10 milligrams per liter (table 7). 

Samples from 14 wells had nitrate concentrations less than 10 

milligrams per liter and one sample was less than 2.0 milligrams 

per liter. The concentrations of nitrate in samples from all 79 

wells were reported previously by the ODAFF to exceed 10 milligrams per liter, and sampling results from this study also indicate a possible human influence. The differences in concentrations between the two sampling events reflect undetermined 

causes for nitrate variability, such as contributions from a contaminant source, fluctuations in ground-water flow conditions 

because of recharge or discharge, biochemical processes con-
14 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Table 4. Water properties and fecal coliform bacteria measured in samples from lagoons and monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding 

operations in Oklahoma, 2001

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligram per liter; --, no data; col/100 mL, colony 

per 100 milliliters; E, estimated; k, non-ideal colony count]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Specific 

conductance (μS/

cm)

pH, whole 

water 

standard

Temperature, 

degrees 

Celsius

Oxygen, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Coliform, 

fecal, col/

100 mL

L1 343756096364402 20010720 1000 8,870 7.7 30.6 0.1 E140,000k

L2 351857098004304 20010615 1100 -- -- -- -- 22,000

L3 360635098032902 20010615 1200 -- -- -- -- E213,000k

L4 361028098440703 20010716 1300 948 7.2 18 3.8 E140,000k

L7 362118099050001 20010712 1200 8,520 8.6 27 1.9 E16k

L8 363605101241301 20010711 0800 7,520 8 24.5 0.3 1000

L9 365009100450901 20010531 1300 7,160 8.3 24.5 1 560

L10 365956099473701 20010717 1300 18,300 7.6 28.5 0.2 E100k

1 343756096364401 20010720 1130 859 7.1 21 3.4 E63

2 343756096364403 20010720 1400 1,870 7.4 24.7 5 E26k

3 351857098004301 20010614 900 1,270 7.1 16.7 5.9 0

4 351857098004302 20010615 1000 1,310 7.3 15.7 5.5 0

5 351857098004303 20010614 1200 1,340 7.1 15.5 7.8 <1

6 353922098503101 20010618 1100 3,060 7.2 16.1 6.4 9,000

7 360134097591401 20010530 1400 348 6.8 18.6 5 0

8 360135097591801 20010529 1000 535 7.3 17.5 2.7 0

9 360146098013602 20010703 1100 937 6.8 17.3 5 0

10 360212097583601 20010702 1200 409 6.8 17.2 4.6 0

11 360317098015301 20010619 1300 2,090 7 17.2 1.6 0

12 360317098015302 20010620 0900 638 7.2 17.8 5.5 0

13 360317098015303 20010620 1200 1,290 7.1 17.8 1.7 10,000

14 360325098010701 20010620 1400 516 7.6 18.5 7.8 0

15 360339098170301 20010517 1300 955 7.4 16 7.3 32,000

16 360339098170701 20010517 1500 680 7.6 15.2 4.2 53,000

17 360416098013601 20010703 0900 948 7.2 17.4 3.6 0

18 360521098022501 20010626 1000 539 6.8 17 2.3 E2k

19 360521098022502 20010626 1200 966 6.6 16.5 4.3 0

20 360618098024501 20010619 0900 164 6.3 17.6 1.7 E5k

21 360618098024502 20010531 1300 714 6.2 15.5 7.2 0

22 360634098030901 20010625 1400 957 7.5 16.6 1.2 0

23 360634098030902 20010702 1000 811 7.3 23.8 2.5 0

24 360635098032901 20010625 1100 878 6.3 16.4 1.1 0

25 360729098060901 20010529 1400 644 7.1 17.7 3.5 7,000

26 360735098060801 20010529 1200 875 7.2 15.7 6.6 50,000

27 361028098440701 20010716 1200 948 7.2 18 3.8 0
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 15

28 361028098440702 20010716 1400 567 7.1 17.6 6.9 0

29 361028098440704 20010716 1700 523 6.9 17.7 5.3 0

30 361028098440705 20010717 0900 387 7.1 18 9.2 0

31 361028098440706 20010717 1200 472 7.1 16.9 9.1 0

32 361115098504701 20010802 1100 530 6.5 17.5 8.4 0

33 361116098463001 20010524 1500 680 7 17.5 4.8 0

34 361117098504301 20010802 1300 489 6.8 17.5 8.3 0

35 361118098463301 20010524 1000 523 7.1 17 7.2 0

36 361121098504501 20010807 0900 415 7.1 17 8.6 0

37 361122098462801 20010611 1300 564 7 17.5 5.4 0

38 361122098493901 20010821 0900 935 6.7 16.5 8.4 0

39 361133098485701 20010807 1000 914 6.6 17.5 5.3 0

40 361136098374401 20010731 1300 1,210 6.4 17.5 4.1 0

41 361139098374801 20010731 1100 1,320 6.5 17.5 5.4 0

42 361139098485901 20010807 1200 1,240 6.6 17 5.9 0

43 361143098374801 20010731 0900 554 6.7 17 7.8 0

44 361146098504501 20010801 1300 497 6.1 17 5.4 0

45 361152098504401 20010802 0900 700 6.3 17 5.8 0

46 361157098494101 20010607 1400 256 6.4 18 7 0

47 361203098494301 20010611 1100 313 6.8 17 7 0

48 361210098112201 20010808 1200 264 6.7 17.5 8.6 0

49 361215098491301 20010606 1000 491 6.7 17.5 7.5 160

50 361215098491501 20010606 1200 528 6.8 17.6 7 0

51 361240098494201 20010801 0900 408 6.3 17.5 8.2 0

52 361240098494401 20010607 0900 548 6.8 17 6.6 0

53 361245098494401 20010606 1400 500 6.8 17 6.6 0

54 362100099050301 20010628 1000 261 6.5 17 7.7 0

55 362118099050301 20010628 1300 278 7 16.5 7.7 0

56 362136099041201 20010626 1400 402 7.8 17 7.7 0

57 362136099051001 20010626 1000 347 6.8 17 7.5 0

58 363153101185001 20010710 1000 2,920 6.4 15.5 1.4 0

59 363601101241301 20010710 1700 1,050 7.7 15.5 5.4 0

60 363602101244501 20010710 1400 1,170 7.6 15.5 4.9 0

61 364150101071901 20010605 1500 616 7.6 16.5 6.8 0

62 364500101155301 20010605 1300 715 7.5 16.5 7.5 0

63 364722100545501 20010709 1400 2,680 6.7 16.5 9.9 0

64 364728100563501 20010709 1700 1,930 6.8 16.5 10.2 0

Table 4. Water properties and fecal coliform bacteria measured in samples from lagoons and monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding 

operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligram per liter; --, no data; col/100 mL, colony 

per 100 milliliters; E, estimated; k, non-ideal colony count]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Specific 

conductance (μS/

cm)

pH, whole 

water 

standard

Temperature, 

degrees 

Celsius

Oxygen, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Coliform, 

fecal, col/

100 mL
16 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

65 365006100451001 20010531 0900 803 7.6 17 5.8 0

66 365024100450701 20010530 1000 2,190 7.4 17 6.1 0

67 365919099490901 20010613 1000 2,180 7.3 16.8 6.3 0

68 365938099490901 20010613 1300 1,010 7.8 17.2 7.6 0

69 365941099475101 20010716 1300 1,160 7.5 17 9.2 E3k

70 365941099490701 20010613 1500 1,350 7.7 17.1 6.9 0

71 365942099473701 20010717 0900 1,270 7.3 17 6 0

72 365944099473401 20010717 1100 1,040 7.4 16.5 3.4 0

73 365945099474901 20010716 1100 1,220 7.5 17.5 8.6 0

74 365945099491401 20010614 1000 1,980 7.5 16.5 7.6 0

75 365947099492101 20010614 1200 1,120 7.5 15.8 7.3 0

76 365948099491701 20010716 1000 1,350 7.4 16.5 8.2 0

77 365954099473701 20010717 1200 817 7.7 17.5 7.7 0

78 370002099484101 20010612 1200 1,050 7.8 16.4 3 E39k

79 370003099483501 20010612 1400 1,690 7.5 16.6 6.4 0

Table 4. Water properties and fecal coliform bacteria measured in samples from lagoons and monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding 

operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligram per liter; --, no data; col/100 mL, colony 

per 100 milliliters; E, estimated; k, non-ideal colony count]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Specific 

conductance (μS/

cm)

pH, whole 

water 

standard

Temperature, 

degrees 

Celsius

Oxygen, 

dissolved

(mg/L)

Coliform, 

fecal, col/

100 mL

Table 5. Minimum, maximum, and median of specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen measured in samples 

from lagoons and monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter]

Water Property

Specific 

conductance

(μS/cm)

pH Temperature

(

oC)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Lagoons

Minimum 948 7.2 18 0.1

Maximum 18,300 8.6 30 3.8

Median 8,020 7.8 26 0.6

Wells

Minimum 164 6.1 15.2 1.1

Maximum 3,060 7.8 24.7 6.0

Median 817 6.4 17 6.4
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 17

Table 6. Descriptive statistics for major ions measured in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensedmanaged feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001

[all concentrations in milligrams per liter]

Statistic Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Sulfate Chloride

Lagoons

Mean 52 20 399 1,254.7 10 680

Median 49 12 242 961.2 5 417

Minimum 23 4 155 453.3 0.10 200

Maximum 109 56 1,473 2,587.3 41 2,460

Wells

Mean 78 30 75 2.4 96 72

Median 63 20 33 1.6 50 35

Minimum 12 4 6 0.3 <0.10 0.12

Maximum 389 189 368 9.7 1,490 436

trolling the concentration, temporal variability, and differences 

in sampling or laboratory procedures. 

Total ammonia concentrations in samples from wells 

ranged from <0.1 to 1.7 milligrams per liter with a median of 

0.17 milligram per liter. Total ammonia concentrations were 

less than the minimum reporting level of 0.1 milligram per liter 

in samples from 15 wells. Dissolved ammonia concentrations 

were less than the minimum reporting level of 0.04 milligram 

per liter in samples from 63 of the wells. Ammonia concentration exceeded 0.1 milligram per liter in samples from 5 of the 

79 wells with a maximum concentration of 0.47 milligram per 

liter. 

Dissolved phosphorous concentrations in samples from 

wells were two to four orders of magnitude less than concentrations in the lagoon samples. Orthophosphate phosphorous concentrations in samples from seven lagoons ranged in concentration from <0.02 to 105 milligrams per liter. Most 

orthophosphate phosphorous concentrations in samples from 

wells were less than 0.1 milligram per liter (table 7). 

Nitrogen Isotopes

Nitrogen isotope ratios were used in this study to determine the general source of nitrates in ground water. Nitrogen 

isotopes of nitrate were analyzed in eight lagoons and 79 wells. 

The nitrogen isotopes of ammonia were analyzed in two 

lagoons and 43 wells. The analysis for the nitrogen isotope of 

ammonia was added later in the study, so the number of these 

analyses differ from the number of nitrogen isotope of nitrate 

analyses. 

Nitrogen has two stable isotopes, 15N, and the more abundant 14N. The units used to report nitrogen isotopes ratios are 

expressed as delta (δ) values in parts per thousand, denoted as 

permil (‰), enrichments or depletions relative to a standard of 

known composition (atmospheric N2). Equation 1 shows the 

computation to determine δ15N:

δ15N = {{(15N/14N) source/(15N/14N) air}-1} * 1000 (1)

where 15N/14N is the ratio of the heavier, less abundant 

isotope to the lighter isotope; 

source is the sample; and

air is the internationally accepted standard gas, atmospheric N2 (Kendall and Aravena, 1999). 

Nitrogen compounds are altered by chemical, biological, 

and physical processes that may result in the preferential enrichment or depletion of one isotope relative to the other. Isotopic 

enrichment or depletion is referred to as fractionation. Sufficient fractionation may result in distinct isotopic compositions 

that allows identification of the source of nitrate in the environment. Kendall (1998) and Kendall and Aravena (1999) highlighted several case studies where nitrogen isotopes were used 

to determine the source and fate of nitrate in the environment. 

Specific studies were conducted using nitrogen isotopes to
18 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Table 7. Nutrients in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at selected swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 [L, lagoon; all concentrations in milligrams per liter; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data] Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved Nitrogen, ammonia, total Nitrite+nitrate as nitrogen, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved Phosphorous, dissolved Phosphorous, orthophos- phate, dissolved L1 343756096364402 492 590 0.093 0.06 34.2 31.6 L2 351857098004304 998 1,000 0.136 0.183 107 105 L3 360635098032902 291 270 1.99 0.521 8.59 8.89 L4 361028098440703 <4.1 520 0.063 0.032 <0.006 23.4 L7 362118099050001 27.8 69 0.047 0.041 20.1 15.6 L8 363605101241301 435 410 E0.03 0.026 0.157 <3.6 L9 365009100450901 -- 550 E0.032 0.041 90.2 -- L10 365956099473701 0.967 2,300 E0.133 0.069 24 <0.02

1 343756096364401 E0.039 0.15 11.5 E0.004 0.009 <0.022 343756096364403 <0.04 0.17 4.17 <0.006 0.033 0.0273 351857098004301 <0.04 E0.08 56.5 <0.006 0.013 <0.024 351857098004302 E0.029 0.2 31 E0.005 0.013 0.0965 351857098004303 <0.04 0.26 24 E0.003 0.018 E0.0096 353922098503101 0.061 0.45 36.6 0.006 0.016 0.0277 360134097591401 <0.04 0.13 17.9 <0.006 0.049 E0.0128 360135097591801 <0.04 0.17 41.5 E0.003 0.039 0.0259 360146098013602 0.042 0.1 71.7 0.011 0.031 0.025

10 360212097583601 <0.04 <0.1 5.04 <0.006 0.023 0.019

11 360317098015301 E0.034 0.28 18.2 0.009 0.027 0.025

12 360317098015302 <0.04 E0.07 13.1 <0.006 0.07 0.0613 360317098015303 <0.04 0.16 9.64 <0.006 0.087 0.07614 360325098010701 E0.031 E0.06 13.2 <0.006 0.048 0.03915 360339098170301 E0.024 0.11 96.8 E0.003 0.008 <0.01816 360339098170701 E0.028 0.26 14.8 <0.006 0.009 <0.01817 360416098013601 E0.039 0.13 20.1 0.008 0.017 E0.01318 360521098022501 <0.04 0.19 16.2 E<0.006 0.006 <0.0219 360521098022502 <0.04 0.15 21.6 0.277 0.01 <0.02
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 19

20 360618098024501 0.47 0.17 12.3 0.016 0.018 0.12621 360618098024502 <0.04 E0.07 15.9 <0.006 0.013 <0.0222 360634098030901 E0.025 0.12 5.03 0.017 0.048 0.123 360634098030902 <0.04 <0.1 4.1 E0.004 0.139 0.12624 360635098032901 0.083 0.4 19.8 0.007 0.021 E0.00925 360729098060901 <0.04 E0.09 13.3 E0.003 0.053 0.03626 360735098060801 E0.021 0.17 36.9 <0.006 0.092 0.02227 361028098440701 <0.04 0.27 27.2 E0.005 0.468 0.4628 361028098440702 <0.04 0.17 14.2 E0.004 0.027 0.02629 361028098440704 E0.022 0.12 15.9 E0.004 0.062 0.05530 361028098440705 <0.04 E0.06 12.7 E0.004 0.102 0.09231 361028098440706 E0.034 E0.08 13 E0.003 0.065 0.06232 361115098504701 <0.04 0.14 17.6 <0.006 0.145 0.13233 361116098463001 E0.024 E0.07 11.4 <0.006 0.091 0.05234 361117098504301 <0.04 0.13 10.2 <0.006 0.111 0.09935 361118098463301 0.082 E0.1 1.4 0.037 0.158 0.11736 361121098504501 E0.021 0.11 9.85 <0.006 0.112 0.1137 361122098462801 <0.04 E0.07 8.11 <0.008 0.135 0.11938 361122098493901 E0.024 0.34 28.9 <0.006 0.033 0.0339 361133098485701 E0.03 0.26 10.9 <0.006 0.124 0.11740 361136098374401 <0.04 0.27 39.9 <0.006 0.115 0.11141 361139098374801 <0.04 0.23 21.4 <0.006 0.079 0.06142 361139098485901 E0.038 0.41 12.4 <0.006 0.179 0.16843 361143098374801 E0.021 0.21 19.7 <0.006 0.085 0.07444 361146098504501 <0.04 0.17 17.5 <0.006 0.106 0.145 361152098504401 0.063 0.18 23.1 <0.006 0.11 0.10546 361157098494101 <0.04 <0.1 15.4 <0.008 0.065 0.05447 361203098494301 <0.04 0.1 7.54 <0.008 0.089 0.07348 361210098112201 E0.021 E0.05 18.1 <0.006 0.017 0.02

Table 7. Nutrients in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at selected swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; all concentrations in milligrams per liter; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data]

Lagoon and 

well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

dissolved

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

total

Nitrite+nitrate 

as nitrogen, 

dissolved

Nitrite, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

orthophosphate, dissolved
20 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 49 361215098491301 0.162 0.11 9.34 <0.12 0.077 <0.36 50 361215098491501 0.087 0.14 13.1 E0.061 0.104 <0.36 51 361240098494201 <0.04 E0.07 24.5 <0.008 0.085 0.071 52 361240098494401 <0.04 0.1 12.4 <0.008 0.102 0.087 53 361245098494401 <0.04 0.17 9.95 <0.006 0.126 0.103 54 362100099050301 0.081 E0.08 14.7 0.01 0.122 0.132 55 362118099050301 <0.04 <0.1 8.22 0.009 0.116 0.105 56 362136099041201 <0.04 E0.07 12.4 <0.006 0.011 <0.02 57 362136099051001 0.082 E0.08 10.1 0.056 0.449 0.408 58 363153101185001 0.088 0.23 41.6 <0.006 <0.006 <0.02 59 363601101241301 <0.04 0.28 43.5 <0.006 0.009 <0.02 60 363602101244501 E0.034 1.7 22.3 1.03 0.006 <0.02 61 364150101071901 0.136 0.18 16.2 <0.12 0.025 <0.36 62 364500101155301 0.06 0.17 10.6 <0.12 0.022 <0.36 63 364722100545501 E0.034 0.65 35.4 <0.006 0.022 0.02 64 364728100563501 0.083 0.7 30.5 <0.006 0.018 <0.02 65 365006100451001 0.119 0.12 8.59 <0.006 0.009 <0.02 66 365024100450701 0.421 0.44 37.4 <0.006 0.044 E0.098 67 365919099490901 <0.04 0.28 24 E0.003 0.048 0.025 68 365938099490901 <0.04 0.28 41 <0.006 0.108 0.029 69 365941099475101 <0.04 0.33 10.9 E0.004 0.025 E0.017 70 365941099490701 <0.04 0.35 12.6 <0.006 0.111 0.044 71 365942099473701 <0.04 0.18 E3.37 E0.003 0.04 0.038 72 365944099473401 <0.04 0.18 17.1 E0.004 0.03 0.027 73 365945099474901 <0.04 0.3 12.2 E0.005 0.188 0.021 74 365945099491401 <0.04 0.32 33.8 <0.006 0.077 E0.017 75 365947099492101 <0.04 0.17 39.5 <0.006 0.031 0.024

76 365948099491701 <0.04 0.18 47.3 <0.006 0.018 E0.01177 365954099473701 <0.04 0.15 26.9 <0.006 0.026 0.024

Table 7. Nutrients in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at selected swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; all concentrations in milligrams per liter; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data]

Lagoon and 

well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

dissolved

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

total

Nitrite+nitrate 

as nitrogen, 

dissolved

Nitrite, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

orthophosphate, dissolved
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 21

78 370002099484101 <0.04 0.16 38.6 <0.008 0.18 0.16879 370003099483501 <0.04 0.2 48.8 <0.008 0.088 0.075

Table 7. Nutrients in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells at selected swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; all concentrations in milligrams per liter; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data]

Lagoon and 

well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

dissolved

Nitrogen, 

ammonia, 

total

Nitrite+nitrate 

as nitrogen, 

dissolved

Nitrite, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

dissolved

Phosphorous, 

orthophosphate, dissolved
22 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

determine if animal waste, sewage, fertilizer, or soil nitrate was 

the source of nitrate in ground water (Kreitler, 1975 and 1979; 

Kreitler and Browning, 1983; and Wassenaar, 1995). 

Natural soil δ15N of nitrate (fig. 2) ranges from about 2 to 

10‰ (Kendall and Aravena, 1999). Most synthetic fertilizers 

have δ15N of nitrate in a range of –4 to +4‰ with a mean δ15N 

of nitrate equal to +2.75± 0.76‰ and the mean δ15N of ammonia equal to –0.9±1.88‰ (Kendall and Aravena, 1999). The 

δ15N of nitrate in animal waste, including human, based on 

work by Kreitler (1975, 1979), ranges from about 10 to 20‰ 

(Kendall and Aravena, 1999). Nitrogen isotope ratio data from 

numerous sources are shown in figure 2 (Kendall and Aravena, 

1999). 

Precipitation and synthetic fertilizer have similar δ15N 

because of the common atmospheric source of nitrogen. Nitrate 

in precipitation may have a greater range of δ15N values, 

because of fractionation caused by industrial processes that 

emit nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere. Although nitrate 

from fertilizer and atmospheric nitrogen have similar δ15N 

ranges, the nitrate concentrations in precipitation are negligible 

to the nitrate concentrations in water collected near LMFOs for 

this study and contribute considerably less than the potential 

nitrogen loading to ground water from agricultural activities. 

The median of annual mean seasonal concentrations for ammonia and nitrate in precipitation in northwest Oklahoma from 

1984 through 2000 is 0.34 and 1.16 milligrams per liter 

(National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2002). 

The δ15N of ammonia and the δ15N of nitrate in the well 

samples were not the same. The relative percent difference 

between δ15N of ammonia and δ15N of nitrate ranged from 0.35 

to 802 with a median of 114. An identical match would be 0 and 

the larger the number the greater the difference. The relative 

percent difference in δ15N is due to the stability of each compound and the differences in equilibrium from differing rates of 

fractionation of ammonia and nitrate. 

Three nitrate source categories — animal, mixed animal 

and fertilizer, and fertilizer — were selected for this study based 

upon the nitrate δ15N measured in the ground-water samples. 

Nitrate in the water, for this study, is assumed to be primarily 

from an animal or fertilizer source. The mixed animal and fertilizer source indicates that the primary sources are a combination of animal waste and fertilizer. All ground-water samples 

with δ15N less than 2‰, for this report, are designated as fertilizer source, values ranging from 2 to 8‰ are designated as 

mixed animal and fertilizer source, and greater than 8‰ are designated as an animal source. 

Seven of the lagoons had δ15N values of nitrate indicative 

of an animal source, with values ranging from +50.28 to 

−2.74‰ and a median of +33.78‰. The lagoon with the 

depleted δ15N of nitrate may be due to the low nitrate concentration in the lagoon sample. These data indicate that enriched 

δ15N of nitrate in ground water could be used to support LMFO 

waste as a source of nitrate. Most of the nitrate sources were 

either a mixed animal and fertilizer or animal source. Nineteen 

well samples had δ15N values indicating a fertilizer source, 26 

samples had δ15N indicating an animal source, and 34 samples 

had δ15N indicating a mixed animal and fertilizer source (fig. 

3). 

The distribution of nitrate concentrations δ15N (nitrateisotope ratio) derived source categories (fig. 3) indicates that the 

largest nitrate concentrations occur in the animal category. The 

Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992) was 

calculated by S-Plus software (MathSoft, 1999) to determine if 

there was a significant difference in median nitrate concentrations among the three δ15N derived source categories. The ranksum test indicated that the nitrate concentrations of the animal 

category (p=0.0046) were significantly different than the mixed 

animal and fertilizer and the fertilizer categories. 

Wastewater Organic Compounds

Wastewater organic compounds were analyzed in this 

study to identify possible sources of nitrate. Wastewater organic 

compound concentrations were analyzed in water samples from 

eight lagoons and from 78 wells. One well sample was not analyzed properly and was not resampled. The types of wastewater 

organic compounds analyzed typically occur in domestic and 

industrial wastewater and include compounds derived from: 

pesticides, hydrocarbons, industrial, animal waste, household 

use, and detergents (table 8). 

Lagoon samples had the greatest number of wastewater 

organic compound detections, ranging from one to 16 with a 

median of 12 (table 9). Wastewater organic compounds were 

detected in 34 well samples, with the maximum number of six 

compounds detected per well (table 9).

The nine wastewater organic compounds from animal 

waste analyzed were 17-beta-estradiol, 3-beta-coprastanol, skatol, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, equilenin, 

estrone, and ethynyl estradiol (table 8). Only 17-beta-estradiol 

and ethynyl estradiol were not detected. 

It is possible that samples from wells having sufficient 

numbers of detections of wastewater organic compounds from 

animal waste have LMFO lagoon waste in the ground water. 

LMFO lagoon waste was analyzed because it is a potential 

source of nitrate, and results are listed in Appendix 3 and shown 

in figure 4. Although other types of wastewater organic compounds were detected in the LMFO lagoons, the origin of these 

compounds is unidentified. The wastewater organic compounds 

from animal waste are specific to animals and were the most 

frequently detected wastewater organic compounds in LMFO 

lagoon samples (fig. 4). 

Samples from wells with animal designated as the source 

of nitrate by nitrogen isotope ratios also had the highest number 

of detections of wastewater organic compound detections from 

animal waste (fig. 4). Samples from wells that were designated 

as having fertilizer as the source of nitrate had the fewest detections of wastewater organic compounds from animal waste (fig. 

4).
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 23

Figure 2. Distribution of d15N from major sources of nitrates in the hydrosphere (based on Kendall, 1998).

0

100

20

40

60

80

0

15

5

10

0

15

5

10

0

35

10

20

30

Rain

NH4

+

NO3

-

Fertilizer

NH4

+

NO3

-

δ15N (‰)

Septic waste

Fertilized soil

Natural soil

Animal waste

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
24 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 0 20 40 60 80 100 Nitrate as Nitrogen concentrations in milligrams per liter

Sources of Nitrate determined

N δ by Nitrate 

N = 26

N=34

N=19

10 milligrams per liter

Median

15

Animal>+8‰

Mixed Animaland Fertilizer+2‰ < and<+8‰

Fertilizer<+2‰

Figure 3. Nitrate concentrations in samples from 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma distributed by source categories determined by nitrogen-isotope ratios of nitrate.
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 25

Table 8. Compound names and general sources of wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 

78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma

[data from U.S. Geological Survey (2002)]

Compound name General sources of compound

1,4-Dichlorobenzene Household

17-beta-Estradiol Animal

1-Methylnaphthalene Hydrocarbon

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene Hydrocarbon

2-Methylnaphthalene Hydrocarbon

3-beta-Coprostanol Animal

3-Methyl-1(H)-indole (skatol) Animal

3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy anisole (BHA) Household

4-Cumylphenol Detergent

4-n-Octylphenol Detergent

4-tert-Octylphenol Detergent

5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole Industrial

Acetophenone Household

Acetyl hexamethyl tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) Household

Anthracene Hydrocarbon

Anthraquinone Household

Benzo(a)pyrene Hydrocarbon

Benzophenone Household

beta-Sitosterol Animal

beta-Stigmastanol Animal

Bisphenol A Household

Bromacil Pesticide

Bromoform Household

Caffeine Household

Camphor Household

Carbaryl Pesticide

Carbazole Household

Chlorpyrifos Pesticide

Cholesterol Animal

Cotinine Household

Diazinon Pesticide

Dichlorvos Pesticide

d-Limonene Household

Equilenin Animal

Estrone Animal

Ethynyl estradiol Animal

Fluoranthene Hydrocarbon

Hexahydrohexamethyl Cyclopentabenzopyran (HHCB) Household
26 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Indole Household

Isoborneol Household

Isophorone Industrial

Isopropylbenzene (cumene) Industrial

Isoquinoline Household

Menthol Household

Metalaxyl Pesticide

Methyl salicylate Household

Metolachlor Pesticide

N,N'-diethyl-methyl-toluamide (DEET) Pesticide

Naphthalene Hydrocarbon

Nonylphenol, diethoxy- (total) Detergent

Octylphenol, diethoxy- Detergent

Octylphenol, monoethoxy- Detergent

para-Cresol Industrial

para-Nonylphenol (total) Detergent

Pentachlorophenol Pesticide

Phenanthrene Hydrocarbon

Phenol Household

Prometon Pesticide

Pyrene Hydrocarbon

Tetrachloroethylene Industrial

tri(2-Chloroethyl) phosphate Household

tri(Dichlorisopropyl)phosphate Household

Tributylphosphate Detergent

Triclosan Household

Triethyl citrate (ethyl citrate) Household

Triphenyl phosphate Household

tris(2-Butoxyethyl) phosphate Household

Table 8. Compound names and general sources of wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 

78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued.

[data from U.S. Geological Survey (2002)]

Compound name General sources of compound
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 27

Table 9. Wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen isotopes, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria detections, ribotyping sources, and possible sources of nitrate in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells collected from swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001[δ15N, nitrogen-isotope ratios; E, estimated; <, less than; K, non-ideal count; air, standard of comparison to atmospheric nitrogen; LMFO, licensed managed feeding operation; --, no data]

Well 

number

Site

identification 

number

Wastewater organic compound detections

Nitrogen 

isotopes 

δ15N 

(air)

(per mil)

Nutrients

(in milligrams per liter)

Fecal 

coliform bacteria 

detections

Ribotype animal sources

Possible 

sources 

of nitrate

Detergents

Household

Animal waste 

Industrial 

Hydrocarbons

Pesticides

Total 

detections Ammonia Ammonia + organic nitrogen Nitrite + nitrate as nitrogen

Unidentified

Avian

Deer

Cattle

Swine

Human

E coli No 

LMFO waste

Fertilizer

Unidentified animal

Lagoons

L1 343756096364402 3 4 5 2 14 38.18 492 590 0.093 E140,000k

X

X

L2 351857098004304 3 6 2 2 13 43.83 998 1,000 0.136 22,000

X

X

L3 360635098032902 3 5 1 9 19.81 291 270 1.99 E213,000k

X

X

L4 361028098440703 3 5 2 10 10.53 <4.1 520 0.063 E140,000k

X

X

L7 362118099050001 1 1 50.28 27.8 69 0.047 E16k

X

X

L8 363605101241301 3 5 5 2 1 16 -2.74 435 410 E0.03 1,000

X

X

L9 365009100450901 1 5 7 2 15 45.28 -- 550 E0.032 560

X

X

L10 365956099473701 1 3 5 1 10 33.78 0.967 2300 E0.133 E100k

X

X

Wells 

1 343756096364401 1 1 23.58 E0.039 0.15 11.5

X

X

X

2 343756096364403 1 1 7.64 <0.04 0.17 4.17

X

X

X

X

3 351857098004301 5.70 <0.04 E0.08 56.5

X

X

4 351857098004302 7.26 E0.029 0.2 31

X

X

5 351857098004303 9.96 <0.04 0.26 24

X

X

X

X

6 353922098503101 7.78 0.061 0.45 36.6

X

X

X

X

X

7 360134097591401 0.78 <0.04 0.13 17.9

X

8 360135097591801 2 4 6 14.58 <0.04 0.17 41.5

X

9 360146098013602 22.07 0.042 0.1 71.7

X

10 360212097583601 9.78 <0.04 <0.1 5.04

X

11 360317098015301 16.45 E0.034 0.28 18.2

X

12 360317098015302 6.16 <0.04 E0.07 13.1

X

X

13 360317098015303 1 1 5.00 <0.04 0.16 9.64

X

X

X

X
28 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 14 360325098010701 3.40 E0.031 E0.06 13.2

X

X

15 360339098170301 11.40 E0.024 0.11 96.8

X

X

X

X

X

16 360339098170701 4.84 E0.028 0.26 14.8

X

X

X

X

X

17 360416098013601 1 1 11.40 E0.039 0.13 20.1

X

X

X

18 360521098022501 1 3 4 3.15 <0.04 0.19 16.2

X

X

X

19 360521098022502 1 1 7.31 <0.04 0.15 21.6

X

X

20 360618098024501 1 1 2 0.86 0.47 0.17 12.3

X

X

X

X

21 360618098024502 1 1 2 0.10 <0.04 E0.07 15.9

X

X

22 360634098030901 -- 15.00 E0.025 0.12 5.03

X

23 360634098030902 1 1 8.06 <0.04 <0.1 4.1

X

24 360635098032901 1 1 36.48 0.083 0.4 19.8

X

25 360729098060901 1 2 5.30 <0.04 E0.09 13.3

X

X

X

X

X

26 360735098060801 12.56 E0.021 0.17 36.9

X

X

X

27 361028098440701 11.30 <0.04 0.27 27.2

X

28 361028098440702 3 3 8.23 <0.04 0.17 14.2

X

29 361028098440704 5.82 E0.022 0.12 15.9

X

X

30 361028098440705 3.90 <0.04 E0.06 12.7

X

X

31 361028098440706 8.60 E0.034 E0.08 13

X

32 361115098504701 1.54 <0.04 0.14 17.6

X

33 361116098463001 0.12 E0.024 E0.07 11.4

X

34 361117098504301 1 1 2.42 <0.04 0.13 10.2

X

X

35 361118098463301 1 1 2.52 0.082 E0.1 1.4

X

X

36 361121098504501 0.83 E0.021 0.11 9.85

X

37 361122098462801 1 1 2 1.30 <0.04 E0.07 8.11

X

38 361122098493901 11.63 E0.024 0.34 28.9

X

Table 9. Wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen isotopes, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria detections, ribotyping sources, and possible sources of nitrate in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells collected from swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[δ15N, nitrogen-isotope ratios; E, estimated; <, less than; K, non-ideal count; air, standard of comparison to atmospheric nitrogen; LMFO, licensed managed feeding operation; --, no data]

Well 

number

Site

identification 

number

Wastewater organic compound detections

Nitrogen 

isotopes 

δ15N 

(air)

(per mil)

Nutrients

(in milligrams per liter)

Fecal 

coliform bacteria 

detections

Ribotype animal sources

Possible 

sources 

of nitrate

Detergents

Household

Animal waste 

Industrial 

Hydrocarbons

Pesticides

Total 

detections Ammonia Ammonia + organic nitrogen Nitrite + nitrate as nitrogen

Unidentified

Avian

Deer

Cattle

Swine

Human

E coli No 

LMFO waste

Fertilizer

Unidentified animal
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 29

39 361133098485701 1 1 3.08 <0.03 0.26 10.9

X

X

40 361136098374401 1 4 5 11.09 <0.04 0.27 39.9

X

X

41 361139098374801 6.46 <0.04 0.23 21.4

X

X

42 361139098485901 -1.20 E0.038 0.41 12.4

X

43 361143098374801 1 1 7.40 E0.021 0.21 19.7

X

X

44 361146098504501 5.25 <0.04 0.17 17.5

X

X

45 361152098504401 -4.58 0.063 0.18 23.1

X

46 361157098494101 1 1 -0.88 <0.04 <0.1 15.4

X

47 361203098494301 -2.05 <0.04 0.1 7.54

X

48 361210098112201 -3.32 E0.021 E0.05 18.1

X

49 361215098491301 0.66 0.162 0.11 9.34

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

50 361215098491501 -0.44 0.087 0.14 13.1

X

51 361240098494201 1 1 4 6 1.67 <0.04 E0.07 24.5

X

X

52 361240098494401 1 2 3.11 <0.04 0.1 12.4

X

X

53 361245098494401 4.71 <0.04 0.17 9.95

X

X

54 362100099050301 1.61 0.081 E0.08 14.7

X

55 362118099050301 1.73 <0.04 <0.1 8.22

X

56 362136099041201 2.96 <0.04 E0.07 12.4

X

X

57 362136099051001 1 1 3.16 0.082 E0.08 10.1

X

X

58 363153101185001 4 2 6 11.84 0.088 0.23 41.6

X

X

59 363601101241301 1 1 4.42 <0.04 0.28 43.5

X

X

60 363602101244501 7.73 E0.034 1.7 22.3

X

X

61 364150101071901 0.48 0.136 0.18 16.2

X

62 364500101155301 1 1 2.66 0.06 0.17 10.6

X

X

63 364722100545501 2 1 3 15.90 E0.034 0.65 35.4

X

Table 9. Wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen isotopes, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria detections, ribotyping sources, and possible sources of nitrate in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells collected from swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[δ15N, nitrogen-isotope ratios; E, estimated; <, less than; K, non-ideal count; air, standard of comparison to atmospheric nitrogen; LMFO, licensed managed feeding operation; --, no data]

Well 

number

Site

identification 

number

Wastewater organic compound detections

Nitrogen 

isotopes 

δ15N 

(air)

(per mil)

Nutrients

(in milligrams per liter)

Fecal 

coliform bacteria 

detections

Ribotype animal sources

Possible 

sources 

of nitrate

Detergents

Household

Animal waste 

Industrial 

Hydrocarbons

Pesticides

Total 

detections Ammonia Ammonia + organic nitrogen Nitrite + nitrate as nitrogen

Unidentified

Avian

Deer

Cattle

Swine

Human

E coli No 

LMFO waste

Fertilizer

Unidentified animal
30 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 64 364728100563501 1 1 2 19.93 0.083 0.7 30.5

X

65 365006100451001 2.14 0.119 0.12 8.59

X

X

66 365024100450701 1 1 14.18 0.421 0.44 37.4

X

67 365919099490901 2 1 3 5.66 <0.04 0.28 24

X

X

68 365938099490901 1.79 <0.04 0.28 41

X

69 365941099475101 1 1 14.30 <0.04 0.33 10.9

X

X

X

70 365941099490701 1 1 4.56 <0.04 0.35 12.6

X

X

71 365942099473701 1 1 2 7.51 <0.04 0.18 E3.37

X

X

72 365944099473401 3.39 <0.04 0.18 17.1

X

X

73 365945099474901 1 3 4 3.16 <0.04 0.3 12.2

X

X

X

74 365945099491401 3.36 <0.04 0.32 33.8

X

X

75 365947099492101 4.57 <0.04 0.17 39.5

X

X

76 365948099491701 9.41 <0.04 0.18 47.3

X

77 365954099473701 36.72 <0.04 0.15 26.9

X

78 370002099484101 14.35 <0.04 0.16 38.6

X

X

X

79 370003099483501 15.82 <0.04 0.2 48.8

X

Table 9. Wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogen isotopes, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria detections, ribotyping sources, and possible sources of nitrate in samples from eight lagoons and 79 monitoring wells collected from swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[δ15N, nitrogen-isotope ratios; E, estimated; <, less than; K, non-ideal count; air, standard of comparison to atmospheric nitrogen; LMFO, licensed managed feeding operation; --, no data]

Well 

number

Site

identification 

number

Wastewater organic compound detections

Nitrogen 

isotopes 

δ15N 

(air)

(per mil)

Nutrients

(in milligrams per liter)

Fecal 

coliform bacteria 

detections

Ribotype animal sources

Possible 

sources 

of nitrate

Detergents

Household

Animal waste 

Industrial 

Hydrocarbons

Pesticides

Total 

detections Ammonia Ammonia + organic nitrogen Nitrite + nitrate as nitrogen

Unidentified

Avian

Deer

Cattle

Swine

Human

E coli No 

LMFO waste

Fertilizer

Unidentified animal
Water Quality and Chemical and Microbiological Techniques 31

Figure 4. Wastewater organic compounds detections in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensedmanaged feeding operations in Oklahoma showing wells samples grouped by source categories determined by nitrogen-isotope ratios of 

nitrate.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Fertilizer

Mixed Animal and

Fertilizer

Animal

Lagoon

Samples

 (n=8)

Total detections of wastewater organic compounds

Pesticide

Hydrocarbons

Industrial

Animal Waste

Household

Detergents

Wastewater Organic

Compound Types

15 Sources of Nitrate determined by Nitrate δ N 

(n=26)

(n=34)

(n=14)
32 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Bacteria and Ribotyping

Fecal coliform bacteria are indicators of water quality and 

contamination by an animal source. Water samples from eight 

lagoons and all wells were sampled and cultured for fecal 

coliform bacteria. Fecal coliform bacteria were detected in eight 

lagoon samples and in water from 14 wells (table 9). The small 

number of well samples containing fecal coliform bacteria was 

consistent with the findings of the ODAFF (Dan Parrish, 

ODAFF, oral commun., 2001), where fecal coliform bacteria 

were not detected in annual samples collected in 1999 and 2001 

in any of the 79 wells sampled in this study. 

Fecal coliform bacteria counts from the lagoons were variable. Four of the lagoons had relatively low counts and were 

retested twice to confirm those results. The counts in the lowcount lagoons ranged from estimated 16 to 1,000 colonies per 

100 milliliters and the high-count lagoons ranged from 22,000 

to an estimated 213,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. Data were 

not sufficient to explain the variability of concentrations of 

fecal coliform bacteria in the lagoons. Testing for additional or 

alternative species of bacteria may be necessary to find a biological tracer to be used as an indicator of LMFO waste. 

Hagedorn (2002) reported “Ribotyping involves the bacterial genes that code for ribosomal RNA. Because such genes are 

highly conserved in micro-organisms, ribotyping has been 

widely accepted for microbial identification. Ribotyping 

involves cutting the total genomic bacterial DNA with different 

DNAases, or restriction enzymes, followed by gel electrophoresis. Following electrophoresis, southern blotting is performed to 

blot the DNA bands onto nylon membranes from the gels. DNA 

probes must be prepared for bacterial 16S and 23S rRNA and 

labeled with some type of detection system. Membrane hybridization is then performed to hybridize the probes with the appropriate DNA bands on the nylon filter. Difference in the size and 

location of the ribosomal RNA bands on the filters can then be 

used to differentiate between the sources that the fecal bacteria 

were obtained from.”

A total of 13 well samples with sufficient fecal coliform 

bacteria colonies were used for ribotyping analysis. Cultures of 

E. coli are required for ribotyping and only 6 of the 13 wells 

yielded E. coli from fecal coliform bacteria colonies. E. coli isolates from the wells were statistically compared to isolates 

found in the source material and previously identified source 

isolates stored in a data base for the determination of the presumptive sources of bacteria. Water samples from five wells 

contained isolates that identified swine as a source of the bacteria in the well. Other source isolates identified in the wells along 

with swine were human, bovine, deer, and avian. Well number 

25 had two isolates; one isolate was identified as deer and the 

other isolate could not be identified. 

Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water

Generally, the identification of possible sources of nitrate 

are subjective and are based on evidence from the chemical and 

microbiological techniques. With the exception of ribotyping, 

no one method acts as a definitive answer to the source of 

nitrate; however, collectively, the methods can strongly indicate 

the possible sources of nitrate. Wastewater organic compound 

detections, nitrogen-isotope ratios, fecal coliform bacteria 

detections, and ribotyping were used in combination to identify 

possible sources of nitrate in ground water near LMFOs. Possible sources of nitrate in well samples - LMFO waste, fertilizer, 

and unidentified animal - and mixtures of these possible sources 

are discussed in this section (fig. 5; table 9).

Wastewater organic compounds characteristic of animal 

waste - 3-beta-coprastanol, skatol, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, equilenin, and estrone - were detected in 

seven of the eight lagoons sampled. The number of animalwaste compounds detected in the lagoons ranged from five to 

seven (table 9). These compounds are present in animal waste 

and were the most frequently detected group of wastewater 

organic compounds in lagoons. The detection of these animalwaste compounds in well samples indicated a possible LMFO 

waste source. Therefore, when three or more animal-waste 

compounds were

detected in well samples, LMFO waste was designated as 

a possible source for these samples (table 9). 

Nitrogen isotopes, fecal coliform bacteria, and ribotyping 

were used to differentiate between animal and fertilizer sources 

and mixtures of sources. The presence of fecal coliform bacteria 

in the well samples indicated an animal source as one source of 

nitrate. An animal source was designated as the possible source 

if δ15N were greater than +8.0‰, wastewater organic animalwaste compounds were detected, and ribotyping indicated possible specific animal sources. A mixture of animal and fertilizer 

as the possible source of nitrate was assumed when the δ15N 

was between +2.0‰ to +8.0‰. If fecal coliform bacteria and 

animal-waste organic compounds were not detected, and the 

δ15N was less than or equal to +2.0‰ the possible source was 

classified as fertilizer. Because animal sources, other than 

swine, identified by ribotyping occurred in samples from three 

wells, sources for these wells are indicated as unidentified animal (table 9). 

LMFO waste was designated as a possible source of nitrate 

in samples from 10 wells. Source of LMFO waste in samples 

from five of those wells was determined by ribotyping and the 

source of LMFO waste in samples from the remaining five 

wells was determined by the detection of three or more animalwaste compounds. LMFO waste in samples from wells with 

unidentified animal source of nitrate does not indicate that 

LMFO waste was not the source, but could indicate that multiple animal sources, including LMFO waste, may be the source 

of the nitrate.

A mixed unidentified animal and fertilizer source of nitrate 

was designated for samples from 33 wells, unidentified animal 
Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water 33

Figure 5. Distribution of possible sources or mixtures of possible sources of nitrate in ground water from 79 monitoring wells located at

swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma.

33

21

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Mixed: unidentified

animal and fertilizer

Unidentified animal

Fertilizer

Mixed: LMFO waste,

unidentified animal and

fertilizer

Mixed: LMFO waste and

unidentified animal 

Probable sources or combinations of source

s

Number of wells

5

5
34 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

source was designated for samples from 21 wells, and a fertilizer source was designated for samples from 15 wells (fig 5). A 

mixed LMFO waste, unidentified animal, and fertilizer source 

was designated for samples from five wells, and LMFO waste 

and unidentified animal sources were designated for samples 

from five wells (fig. 5).

Most of the sources of nitrate were identified as mixed unidentified animal and fertilizer. The mixture of pasture, row 

crop, and LMFO land uses is consistent with these results. A 

Kruskal-Wallace rank sum test (MathSoft, 1999) was used to 

test for a correlation between the identified sources of nitrate 

and antecedent land use, but a significant correlation (p <0.05) 

did not exist. The test was conducted comparing the identified 

sources of nitrate to the percent grassland or cropland and 

resulted in p-values of 0.429 for grassland and p=0.076 for 

cropland. The 500-meter radius well area may be a factor in the 

lack of a significant correlation between the identified nitrate 

source and the antecedent land use. Recharge areas for the wells 

sampled for the study may be larger than the well area and 

recharge amounts can vary and affect ground-water flow. Generally, a mixture of land uses within the buffer and the lack of 

prevailing land use makes the correlation less deterministic. 

Another factor is that winter wheat is the primary row crop and 

is used during the winter for grazing, so on the same land where 

fertilizer is applied, animals graze for several months of the 

year.

Summary

Nitrate concentrations in ground-water samples collected 

and analyzed annually by Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry (ODAFF) from 1999 through 2001 

exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 

maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter nitrate as 

nitrogen for public drinking-water supplies in 79 monitoring 

wells near 35 swine licensed-managed feeding operations 

(LMFOs). The LMFOs and monitoring wells are located in 

areas of current and historical agriculture activities, so the 

source of the nitrate in the ground water could be from wastewater lagoons (LMFO waste), nitrogen fertilizer applications 

on row crops, or livestock grazing.

Eight LMFO wastewater lagoons and 79 monitoring wells 

were sampled and analyzed for water properties, dissolved 

major ions, dissolved trace elements, nutrients, nitrogen-isotope 

ratios in nitrate and ammonia, wastewater organic compounds, 

and fecal coliform bacteria. Isolates of E. coli bacteria from 

fecal coliform bacteria colonies in well samples were ribotyped, 

a form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting to determine the specific animal source of fecal coliform bacteria. Two 

additional lagoons at one facility were sampled and analyzed 

only for dissolved major ions and dissolved trace elements. 

Three types of aquifers underlie the LMFOs of this study: 

major bedrock, minor bedrock, or alluvial and terrace. All 22 

major bedrock aquifer wells were completed in the High Plains 

aquifer. Eight wells were located in minor bedrock aquifers. 

Forty-nine wells were installed in the Beaver/North Canadian 

and Cimarron alluvial and terrace aquifers.

Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate were 

greater in water from wells than in water from lagoons, and concentrations of potassium, sodium, and chloride were greater in 

water from lagoons. Potassium and sodium, while not conservative, may be an indicator of LMFO waste if measured at substantially greater concentrations than the background concentrations in ground water. Concentrations of most dissolved trace 

elements were less than the analytical reporting level in samples 

from lagoons and wells. 

Generally, the major sources of nitrogen in ground water 

are precipitation, oxidation of soil organic matter, fertilizer, animal manure, and sewage effluent. Nitrate at concentrations less 

than 0.2 milligram per liter are considered to be natural background, and concentrations from 0.21 to 3.0 milligrams per liter 

are considered transitional between background and possible 

human influence. Nitrate concentrations in water samples from 

the 79 wells sampled for this study ranged from 1.4 to 96.8 milligrams per liter, which indicate possible human influence.

A decision process was developed to identify possible 

sources of nitrate in ground water. First nitrogen-isotope ratios 

(δ15N) were used to define source categories as animal, mixed 

animal and fertilizer or fertilizer. Most of the nitrate source categories determined solely by δ15N of nitrate were either a 

mixed animal and fertilizer or an animal source. Nineteen well 

samples had δ15N values indicating a fertilizer source, 26 samples had δ15N indicating an animal source, and 34 samples had 

δ15N indicating a mixed animal and fertilizer source. The distribution of nitrate concentrations in well samples by source categories determined by δ15N in nitrate indicates that the largest 

nitrate concentrations occur in the animal category. The 

Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test indicated that the nitrate concentrations of the animal category (p=0.0046) were significantly 

different than the mixed animal and fertilizer and the fertilizer 

categories. 

Next, wastewater organic compound detections, nitrogenisotope ratios, fecal coliform bacteria detections, and ribotyping 

were used in combination to refine the identification of possible 

sources of nitrate in ground water. Wastewater organic compound concentrations were analyzed in water samples from 

eight lagoons and from 78 wells. The wastewater organic compounds analyzed typically occur in domestic and industrial 

wastewater and include compounds derived from pesticides, 

hydrocarbons, industrial, animal waste, household, and detergents. Lagoon samples had the greatest number of wastewater 

organic compound detections, ranging from one to 16, with a 

median of 12. Wastewater organic compounds were detected in 

34 well samples, with the maximum number of six compounds 

detected in samples from each well. Five of the 34 wells were 

in the fertilizer-source category, 12 were in the animal source 

category, and 17 were in the mixed animal and fertilizer source 

category based on N-isotope ratios of nitrate.

The nine wastewater organic compounds from animal 

waste analyzed were 17-beta-estradiol, 3-beta-coprastanol, ska-
Selected References 35

tol, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, equilenin, 

estrone, and ethynyl estradiol. Only 17-beta-estradiol and ethynyl estradiol were not detected in any sample. It is possible that 

samples from wells having several detections of wastewater 

organic compounds from animal waste have LMFO lagoon 

waste in the ground water.

Fecal coliform bacteria are indicators of water quality and 

contamination by an animal source. Fecal coliform bacteria 

were detected in eight lagoon samples and in water from 14 

wells. Four of the lagoons had relatively low bacteria counts 

and were retested twice to confirm those results. The counts in 

the low-count lagoons ranged from estimated 16 to 1,000 colonies per 100 milliliters and the high-count lagoons ranged from 

22,000 to an estimated 213,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. 

Data were not sufficient to explain the variability of concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria in the lagoons.

Ribotyping is a method of identifying the source of fecal 

bacteria by comparing DNA of E. coli bacteria isolates from 

known source material to E. coli bacteria cultured from environmental samples. A total of 13 well samples with sufficient fecal 

coliform bacteria colonies were used for ribotyping analysis. 

Cultures of E. coli are required for ribotyping and samples from 

only 6 of 10 of those 13 wells yielded E. coli from fecal 

coliform bacteria colonies. Water samples from five wells contained isolates that identify swine as a source of the bacteria in 

the well. 

Three possible sources of nitrate - LMFO waste, fertilizer, 

and unidentified animal - and mixtures of these possible sources 

were used to characterize the possible sources of nitrate in the 

wells. A mixed unidentified animal and fertilizer source of 

nitrate was designated for samples from 33 wells, unidentified 

animal source was designated for samples from 21 wells, fertilizer source was the designated for samples from 15 wells, and a 

mixed LMFO waste, unidentified animal, and fertilizer source 

was designated for samples from five wells. LMFO waste and 

unidentified animal sources were designated for five wells. 

Most of the sources of nitrate were identified as mixed unidentified animal and fertilizer. 

A Kruskal-Wallace rank sum test was used to test for a correlation between the identified sources of nitrate and antecedent 

land use, but no significant correlation was indicated.

Selected References

Adams, G.P., Bergman, D.L., Pruitt, D.J., May, J.E., and Kurklin, J.K., 1994, Hydrologic data for the alluvium and terrace 

deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, 

Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-

504, 231 p.

Adams, G.P., and Bergman, D.L., 1996, Geohydrology of alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 95-4066, 57 p. 

Becker, C.J., 1994, Distribution and variability of nitrogen and 

phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and 

Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File report 94-41, 30 p.

Becker, M.F., and Runkle, D.L., 1998, Hydrogeology, water 

quality, and geochemistry of the Rush Springs aquifer, western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 98-4081, 37 p.

Becker, M.F., Bruce, B.B., Pope, L.M., and Andrews, W.J., 

2002, Ground-water quality in the central High Plains aquifer 

in parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and 

Texas, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02-4112, 56 p.

Brown, G. K., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., 1999, Wastewater 

analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. 

Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, 

Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South 

Carolina, March 8-12, p. 431-435.

Brunett, J.O., Barber, N.L., Burns, A.W., Fogelman, R.P., Gillies, D.C., Lidwin, R.A., and Mack, T.J., 1997, A qualityassurance plan for district ground-water activities of the U.S. 

Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 97-11, 21 p.

Carson, A.C., Shear, B.L., Ellersieck, M.R., and Asfaw, A., 

2001, Identification of fecal Escherichia coli from humans 

and animals by ribotyping: Applied and Environmental 

Microbiology, Apr. 2001, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1503-1507.

Davis, R.E. and Christenson, S.C., 1981, Geohydrology and 

numerical simulation of the alluvium and terrace aquifer 

along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the panhandle 

to Canton Lake, northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 81-483, 42 p.

Fan, A.M., Wilhite, C.C., and Book, S.A., 1987, Evaluation of 

the nitrate drinking water standard with reference to infant 

methemoglobinemia and potential reproductive toxicity: 

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, v. 7, p. 135-137.

Farrar, J.W., 1997, Results of the U.S. Geological Survey’s 

Analytical Evaluation Program for Standard Reference Samples: N-53 (Nutrient Constituents), N-54 (Nutrient Constituents), Distributed in April 1997: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 97-553, 184 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for 

determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial 

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, Book 5, Chap. A1, 545 p.

Gutentag, E.D., Hiemes, F.J., Krothe, N.C., Luckey, R.L., and 

Weeks, J.B., 1984, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer 

in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological 

Survey Professional Paper 1400-B, 63 p.

Hagedorn, Charles, 2002, Bacterial source tracking (BST), BST 

Methodologies: accessed August 19, 2002, at URL: http://

soils1.cses.vt.edu/ch/biol_4684/bst/BSTmeth.html.

Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Studies in Environmental 

Science 49; Statistical Methods in Water Resources: Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, p. 382-385.
36 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

Holmes, R.M., McClelland, J.W., Sigman, D.M., Fry, B., and 

Peterson, B.J., 1998, Measuring −NH4+ in marine, estuarine 

and fresh waters — An adaptation of the ammonia diffusion 

method for samples with low ammonium concentrations: 

Marine Chemistry, 60, no. 3, p. 235-245.

Kendall, Carol, 1998, Tracing nitrogen sources and cycling in 

catchments, in Kendall, Carol and McDonnell, J.J. (eds.), 

Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology: Amsterdam, 

Elsevier Science B.V., chap. 16, p. 519-576.

Kendall, Carol, and Aravena, Ramon, 1999, Nitrate isotopes in 

groundwater systems, in Cook, P.G. and Herczeg, A. L. 

(eds.), Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology: 

Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Chap. 9, p. 261-299.

Kreitler, C.W., 1975, Determining the source of nitrate in 

groundwater by nitrogen isotope studies: Austin, Texas, University of Texas, Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, 

Reports of Investigations, no. 83, 57 p. 

—— 1979, Nitrogen-isotope ratio studies of soils and groundwater nitrate from alluvial fan aquifers in Texas: Journal of 

Hydrology, v. 42: p. 147-170. 

Kreitler, C.W., and Browning, L.A., 1983, Nitrogen-isotope 

analysis of groundwater nitrate in carbonate aquifers - natural 

sources versus human pollution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 61 

p. 285-301. 

Litke, D.W., 2000, Historical water-quality data for the High 

Plains regional ground-water study area in Colorado, Kansas, 

Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, 

and Wyoming, 1930-98: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 00-4254, p. 24.

Luckey, R.R., and Becker, M.F., 1999, Hydrogeology, water 

use, and simulation of flow in the High Plains aquifer in 

northwestern Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, northeastern New Mexico, and northwestern 

Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4104, 68 p.

Madison, R.J., and Brunett, J.O., 1984, Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in ground water of the United States; in

National Water Summary 1984 - Water-Quality Issues: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 95.

MathSoft Inc., 1999, S-Plus 2000 Users Guide, Modern Statistics and Advanced Graphics: Cambridge, MA.

McMahon, P.B., 2001, Vertical gradients in water chemistry in 

the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas and 

Oklahoma Panhandle, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 01-4028, p. 37-38.

Mueller, D.K., and Helsel, D.R., 1996, Nutrients in the Nation’s 

waters—too much of a good thing?: U.S. Geological Circular 

1136, 24 p.

Myers, D.N. and Sylvester, M.A., 1997, Biological indicators in 

National Field Manual for the Collection of Water Quality 

Data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, Book 9, Chapter 7.

National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2002, NADP/NTN 

Monitoring Location OK00, Annual Data Summaries: 

accessed February 1, 2002, at URL: http://

nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/nadpdata/siteinfo.asp?id=OK00&net=

NTN 

Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, 

1999, Oklahoma CAFO Permanent Rule Number 35:17-3-

11(e)(6), Title 35 Chapter 17 Subchapter 3 and CAFO Act, 

Title 2 O.S. § 9-205.4(F): Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, Water Quality, Concentrated 

Animal Feeding Operations

Parveen, S., Portier, K.M., Robinson, K., Edmiston, L., and 

Tamplin, M.L., 1999, Discriminant analysis of ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli for differentiating human and nonhuman sources of fecal pollution: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 65, no. 7, p. 3142-3147.

Pritt, J.W., and Raese, J.W., 1995, Quality assurance/quality 

control manual—National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-26, 15 p.

Rittenberg, D., 1948, The preparation of gas samples for mass 

spectrographic analysis in Wilson, D.W., and others, eds., 

Preparation and Measurement of Isotopic Tracers: Ann 

Arbor, Michigan, J.W. Edwards, 31-42 p.

Schlottmann, J.L, Tanner, Ralph, and Samadpour, Mansour, 

2000, Reconnaissance of the hydrology, water quality, and 

sources of bacterial and nutrient contamination in the Ozark 

Plateaus aquifer system and Cave Springs Branch of Honey 

Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 

2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4210, 66 p.

Shirazi, G.A. 1999, Groundwater sampling procedures and protocols: Water Quality Division, Oklahoma Department of 

Agriculture, 25 p.

Sigman, D.M., Altabet, M.A., Michener, R., McCorkle, D.C., 

Fry, B., Holmes, R.M., 1997, Natural abundance-level measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic 

nitrate — An adaptation of the ammonia diffusion method: 

Marine Chemistry, v. 57, no. 3-4, p. 227-243. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996, Drinking water 

regulations and health advisories, EPA 822- 8-96-002, 11 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The quality of our nations’ 

waters - nutrients and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 1225, 82 p.

——, 2000, Land Cover Characterization Program, National 

Land Cover Dataset (NLCD): accessed August 1, 2001, at 

URL http://landcover.usgs.gov/

——, 2002, Analysis of wastewater compounds by GC/MS: 

accessed January 9, 2002, at URL: http://wwwnwql.cr.usgs.gov/USGS/Reno/lc8033.html

Wilde, F.D., Radtke, D. B., Gibs, J., and Iwatsubo, R.T. (eds.), 

1998, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 9, Handbooks for WaterResources Investigations [variously paged]

Wassenaar, L., 1995, Evaluation of the origin and fate of nitrate 

in the Abbotsford aquifer using the isotopes of 15N and 18O 

of NO3: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, p. 391-405.
Appendices
38 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001
Appendices 39

Appendix 1. Dissolved major ions analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; all concentrations are in milligrams per liter]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Sulfate Chloride

L1 343756096364402 20010720 41.75 9.75 250.05 1,383.36 5.83 391.00

L2 351857098004304 20010615 22.55 3.50 1,473.46 2,587.32 < 10 2,460.00

L3 360635098032902 22010625 55.88 28.83 168.21 453.29 23.50 200.00

L4 361028098440703 20010716 49.67 12.47 165.63 777.30 5.77 251.00

L5 361028098440707 20010717 42.86 11.74 175.80 861.91 3.59 301.00

L6 361028098440708 20010717 49.16 16.28 154.51 711.56 21.00 270.00

L7 362118099050001 20010628 48.60 34.29 481.43 1,606.89 40.90 990.00

L8 363605101241301 20010711 109.19 55.78 241.74 961.22 < 0.1 470.00

L9 365009100450901 20010531 50.23 4.68 304.71 673.86 2.54 443.00

L10 365956099473701 20010717 48.49 11.57 481.16 1,949.83 < 1.0 1,020.00

1 343756096364401 20010720 133.08 13.83 22.75 1.53 26.10 17.80

2 343756096364403 20010720 30.25 8.90 368.48 1.88 < 0.1 1.14

3 351857098004301 20010614 128.08 58.22 50.92 0.68 187.00 12.90

4 351857098004302 20010615 84.87 75.00 90.94 0.34 117.00 43.60

5 351857098004303 20010614 107.70 59.52 101.54 0.74 161.00 67.40

6 353922098503101 20010618 388.73 189.05 140.40 2.00 1,490.00 87.10

7 360134097591401 20010530 31.65 16.70 6.89 0.84 82.20 7.09

8 360135097591801 20010529 79.31 26.79 7.24 0.50 52.60 2.79

9 360146098013602 20010703 93.25 26.63 33.92 0.68 49.60 51.00

10 360212097583601 20010702 46.05 15.17 13.01 0.34 20.70 9.65

11 360317098015301 20010619 198.26 64.40 128.45 0.82 126.00 380.00

12 360317098015302 20010620 64.51 14.39 41.25 0.99 28.30 58.90

13 360317098015303 20010620 148.17 32.38 92.58 1.00 202.00 81.20

14 360325098010701 20010620 60.45 15.66 20.80 0.68 22.40 19.30

15 360339098170301 20010517 96.00 45.45 20.34 0.85 31.00 25.10

16 360339098170701 20010517 63.70 25.92 27.07 1.46 26.50 24.10

17 360416098013601 20010703 101.76 34.62 37.53 1.12 224.00 33.60

18 360521098022501 20010626 47.74 23.37 26.13 3.06 64.40 4.16

19 360521098022502 20010626 113.82 37.60 36.80 1.39 335.00 16.40

20 360618098024501 20010619 12.42 6.57 5.67 2.36 6.14 0.23

22 360634098030901 20010625 64.09 19.33 119.56 1.30 26.10 74.30

23 360634098030902 20010702 59.77 13.68 92.32 2.47 42.30 64.90

24 360635098032901 20010625 67.26 30.43 59.40 1.98 63.10 91.90

27 361028098440701 20010716 130.09 30.39 18.94 1.21 62.50 11.30

28 361028098440702 20010716 75.66 16.98 12.07 0.58 70.70 29.80

29 361028098440704 20010716 71.40 15.15 8.13 1.12 57.40 19.30
40 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001

30 361028098440705 20010717 45.00 8.66 15.19 1.51 28.30 20.10

31 361028098440706 20010717 55.47 10.66 19.87 1.47 35.60 29.90

32 361115098504701 20010802 48.09 9.62 21.68 1.29 72.40 4.83

33 361116098463001 20010524 89.60 19.92 16.83 0.98 207.00 12.60

34 361117098504301 20010802 54.85 9.40 18.75 1.28 51.60 10.20

35 361118098463301 20010524 59.29 12.41 22.13 2.00 50.60 26.70

36 361121098504501 20010807 46.78 9.01 15.71 1.33 44.20 22.80

37 361122098462801 20010611 63.21 12.06 20.04 1.99 45.40 53.20

38 361122098493901 20010821 108.96 20.43 40.15 1.08 56.30 35.70

39 361133098485701 20010807 105.40 20.98 32.77 1.09 103.00 52.30

40 361136098374401 20010731 127.86 26.46 64.22 1.39 123.00 88.10

41 361139098374801 20010731 115.00 24.30 88.43 2.33 150.00 173.00

42 361139098485901 20010807 176.32 22.59 30.03 1.50 47.40 163.00

43 361143098374801 20010731 54.95 11.06 32.28 1.65 45.30 17.30

44 361146098504501 20010801 56.00 11.30 18.07 2.40 50.60 4.93

45 361152098504401 20010802 75.98 13.27 35.27 1.13 97.10 0.88

46 361157098494101 20010607 19.13 4.40 19.81 0.80 14.50 5.77

47 361203098494301 20010611 31.93 6.34 15.00 1.21 22.70 13.70

48 361210098112201 20010808 26.27 4.67 11.25 0.79 16.10 0.12

49 361215098491301 20010606 49.84 9.66 26.42 1.56 38.80 38.10

50 361215098491501 20010606 59.94 11.98 17.73 1.75 41.70 53.80

51 361240098494201 20010801 37.40 7.76 27.02 1.26 33.70 4.53

52 361240098494401 20010607 56.40 11.48 20.24 1.96 42.10 45.10

53 361245098494401 20010606 59.54 11.01 17.03 1.87 43.10 38.70

54 362100099050301 20010628 27.77 5.33 7.76 0.81 13.10 20.30

55 362118099050301 20010628 34.53 5.66 6.84 1.85 22.20 12.70

56 362136099041201 20010626 44.80 8.37 20.42 2.17 24.40 13.60

57 362136099051001 20010626 38.63 7.47 14.80 6.09 30.70 9.72

58 363153101185001 20010710 290.62 174.82 48.79 8.85 189.00 436.00

59 363601101241301 20010710 40.42 82.43 40.12 7.24 96.10 52.90

60 363602101244501 20010710 68.80 86.09 25.34 7.46 109.00 99.70

61 364150101071901 20010605 32.48 34.70 45.91 4.72 14.40 4.76

62 364500101155301 20010605 66.63 35.48 12.55 4.71 69.10 65.00

63 364722100545501 20010709 197.61 65.23 265.26 9.70 37.60 429.00

64 364728100563501 20010709 160.02 104.96 102.73 9.53 46.50 159.00

65 365006100451001 20010531 41.72 35.70 55.19 4.78 27.10 108.00

66 365024100450701 20010530 70.70 18.77 345.52 7.08 67.70 347.00

67 365919099490901 20010613 100.92 51.99 275.48 5.08 411.00 219.00

Appendix 1. Dissolved major ions analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; all concentrations are in milligrams per liter]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Sulfate Chloride
Appendices 41

68 365938099490901 20010613 13.00 9.00 210.84 1.54 39.30 12.40

69 365941099475101 20010716 72.17 31.66 132.83 2.31 178.00 105.00

70 365941099490701 20010613 18.13 9.74 240.17 2.87 66.40 175.00

71 365942099473701 20010717 70.10 28.38 154.30 3.22 95.30 96.50

72 365944099473401 20010717 64.96 29.02 128.30 6.51 102.00 54.30

73 365945099474901 20010716 72.40 31.64 152.63 2.53 210.00 112.00

74 365945099491401 20010614 48.96 33.51 313.59 3.08 141.00 268.00

75 365947099492101 20010614 82.18 40.55 73.58 1.66 44.90 103.00

76 365948099491701 20010716 51.39 34.46 206.25 2.14 58.70 137.00

77 365954099473701 20010717 35.85 13.80 119.14 2.04 29.60 13.30

78 370002099484101 20010612 20.55 10.08 204.56 2.26 35.70 23.70

79 370003099483501 20010612 58.54 31.67 244.32 2.56 101.00 210.00

Appendix 1. Dissolved major ions analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; all concentrations are in milligrams per liter]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Sulfate Chloride
42 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 [L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; <, less than; all concentrations in milligrams per liter] Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Date (yyyymmdd) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Cadmium Cobalt Chromium L1 343756096364402 20010720 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 2.215 < 0.020 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L2 351857098004304 20010615 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 3.360 < 0.020 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L3 360635098032902 22010625 < 0.130 < 0.085 < 0.165 0.742 0.021 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.015 < 0.015 L4 361028098440703 20010716 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 1.361 0.022 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L5 361028098440707 20010717 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 1.499 0.024 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L6 361028098440708 20010717 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 1.277 0.024 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L7 362118099050001 20010628 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 2.642 < 0.020 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L8 363605101241301 20010711 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 1.961 0.033 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030 L9 365009100450901 20010531 0.058 < 0.017 0.042 0.936 0.058 < 0.004 < 0.004 0.005 0.004 L10 365956099473701 20010717 < 0.260 < 0.170 < 0.330 3.384 < 0.020 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.030 < 0.030

1 343756096364401 20010720 0.034 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.088 0.143 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0032 343756096364403 20010720 0.031 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.871 0.082 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0033 351857098004301 20010614 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.237 0.038 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0034 351857098004302 20010615 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.553 0.072 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0035 351857098004303 20010614 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.483 0.084 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0036 353922098503101 20010618 0.031 < 0.017 < 0.033 1.237 0.012 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0037 360134097591401 20010530 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.030 0.315 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0038 360135097591801 20010529 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.103 0.179 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.0039 360146098013602 20010703 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.029 0.166 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

10 360212097583601 20010702 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.044 0.379 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

11 360317098015301 20010619 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.048 0.228 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

12 360317098015302 20010620 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.042 0.277 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00313 360317098015303 20010620 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.042 0.218 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00314 360325098010701 20010620 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.052 0.319 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00315 360339098170301 20010517 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.105 0.553 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00316 360339098170701 20010517 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.114 0.294 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00317 360416098013601 20010703 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.039 0.125 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003
Appendices 43

18 360521098022501 20010626 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.023 0.151 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00319 360521098022502 20010626 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.032 0.057 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00320 360618098024501 20010619 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.028 0.125 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00322 360634098030901 20010625 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.030 0.170 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00323 360634098030902 20010702 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.054 0.234 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00324 360635098032901 20010625 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.049 0.341 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00327 361028098440701 20010716 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.077 0.422 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00328 361028098440702 20010716 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.064 0.358 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00329 361028098440704 20010716 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.054 0.367 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00330 361028098440705 20010717 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.038 0.184 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00331 361028098440706 20010717 0.027 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.033 0.238 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00332 361115098504701 20010802 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 <0.021 0.161 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00333 361116098463001 20010524 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.026 0.072 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00334 361117098504301 20010802 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.027 0.256 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00335 361118098463301 20010524 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.057 0.129 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00336 361121098504501 20010807 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.037 0.184 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00337 361122098462801 20010611 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.046 0.262 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00338 361122098493901 20010821 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.041 0.246 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00339 361133098485701 20010807 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.047 0.176 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00340 361136098374401 20010731 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.046 0.115 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00341 361139098374801 20010731 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.056 0.112 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00342 361139098485901 20010807 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.028 0.814 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00343 361143098374801 20010731 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.055 0.217 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00344 361146098504501 20010801 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.034 0.429 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00345 361152098504401 20010802 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.029 0.252 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00346 361157098494101 20010607 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.023 0.146 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00347 361203098494301 20010611 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.033 0.338 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00348 361210098112201 20010808 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 <0.021 0.074 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00349 361215098491301 20010606 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.041 0.242 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Cadmium Cobalt Chromium
44 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 50 361215098491501 20010606 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.047 0.211 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 51 361240098494201 20010801 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.029 0.157 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 52 361240098494401 20010607 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.054 0.348 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 53 361245098494401 20010606 <0.026 <0.017 <0.033 0.048 0.219 <0.004 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 54 362100099050301 20010628 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.026 0.239 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 55 362118099050301 20010628 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.034 0.164 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 56 362136099041201 20010626 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.037 0.251 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 57 362136099051001 20010626 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.036 0.232 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 58 363153101185001 20010710 0.108 < 0.017 0.043 0.334 0.164 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 59 363601101241301 20010710 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.315 0.052 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 60 363602101244501 20010710 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.313 0.088 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 61 364150101071901 20010605 0.028 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.172 0.124 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 62 364500101155301 20010605 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.079 0.108 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 63 364722100545501 20010709 < 0.026 < 0.017 0.036 0.225 0.196 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 64 364728100563501 20010709 < 0.026 < 0.017 0.036 0.302 0.491 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 65 365006100451001 20010531 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.131 0.139 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 66 365024100450701 20010530 0.031 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.522 0.088 < 0.004 < 0.004 0.007 < 0.003 67 365919099490901 20010613 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.339 0.018 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 68 365938099490901 20010613 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.350 0.081 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 69 365941099475101 20010716 0.046 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.240 0.049 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 70 365941099490701 20010613 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.326 0.038 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 71 365942099473701 20010717 0.030 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.335 0.049 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 72 365944099473401 20010717 0.049 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.319 0.043 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 0.004 73 365945099474901 20010716 0.032 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.214 0.054 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 74 365945099491401 20010614 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.493 0.149 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 75 365947099492101 20010614 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.120 0.195 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 76 365948099491701 20010716 0.027 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.177 0.105 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

77 365954099473701 20010717 0.045 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.236 0.093 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.00378 370002099484101 20010612 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.597 0.079 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 0.003

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Cadmium Cobalt Chromium
Appendices 45

79 370003099483501 20010612 < 0.026 < 0.017 < 0.033 0.271 0.066 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Cadmium Cobalt Chromium
46 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Date (yyyymmdd) Copper Iron Lead Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium L1 343756096364402 20010720 < 0.110 1.153 < 0.150 0.035 < 0.090 0.186 < 0.300 L2 351857098004304 20010615 < 0.110 3.820 < 0.150 < 0.030 < 0.090 0.266 < 0.300 L3 360635098032902 22010625 < 0.055 < 0.175 < 0.075 0.044 < 0.045 0.048 < 0.150 L4 361028098440703 20010716 < 0.110 < 0.350 < 0.150 < 0.030 < 0.090 0.082 < 0.300 L5 361028098440707 20010717 < 0.110 0.528 < 0.150 0.036 < 0.090 0.094 < 0.300 L6 361028098440708 20010717 < 0.110 < 0.350 < 0.150 0.035 < 0.090 0.074 < 0.300 L7 362118099050001 20010628 < 0.110 < 0.350 < 0.150 0.005 < 0.090 0.110 < 0.300 L8 363605101241301 20010711 < 0.110 < 0.350 < 0.150 0.134 < 0.090 0.066 < 0.300 L9 365009100450901 20010531 0.020 0.451 < 0.015 0.026 0.011 0.059 0.032 L10 365956099473701 20010717 < 0.110 1.283 < 0.150 < 0.030 < 0.090 0.205 < 0.300

1 343756096364401 20010720 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.038 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0302 343756096364403 20010720 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0303 351857098004301 20010614 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0304 351857098004302 20010615 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0305 351857098004303 20010614 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0306 353922098503101 20010618 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.008 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0307 360134097591401 20010530 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.0308 360135097591801 20010529 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 0.004 < 0.0309 360146098013602 20010703 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

10 360212097583601 20010702 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

11 360317098015301 20010619 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.114 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

12 360317098015302 20010620 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03013 360317098015303 20010620 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.005 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03014 360325098010701 20010620 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03015 360339098170301 20010517 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03016 360339098170701 20010517 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03017 360416098013601 20010703 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030
Appendices 47

18 360521098022501 20010626 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03019 360521098022502 20010626 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03020 360618098024501 20010619 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.006 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03022 360634098030901 20010625 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.085 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03023 360634098030902 20010702 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03024 360635098032901 20010625 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.093 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03027 361028098440701 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03028 361028098440702 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03029 361028098440704 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03030 361028098440705 20010717 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03031 361028098440706 20010717 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03032 361115098504701 20010802 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03033 361116098463001 20010524 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03034 361117098504301 20010802 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03035 361118098463301 20010524 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03036 361121098504501 20010807 0.012 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03037 361122098462801 20010611 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03038 361122098493901 20010821 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03039 361133098485701 20010807 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03040 361136098374401 20010731 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 0.005 < 0.03041 361139098374801 20010731 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03042 361139098485901 20010807 0.014 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03043 361143098374801 20010731 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03044 361146098504501 20010801 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03045 361152098504401 20010802 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03046 361157098494101 20010607 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03047 361203098494301 20010611 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03048 361210098112201 20010808 0.018 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.03049 361215098491301 20010606 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Copper Iron Lead Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium
48 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 50 361215098491501 20010606 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 51 361240098494201 20010801 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 52 361240098494401 20010607 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 53 361245098494401 20010606 <0.011 <0.035 <0.015 <0.003 <0.009 <0.003 <0.030 54 362100099050301 20010628 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 55 362118099050301 20010628 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 56 362136099041201 20010626 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 57 362136099051001 20010626 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 58 363153101185001 20010710 < 0.011 0.044 < 0.015 0.114 < 0.009 < 0.003 0.069 59 363601101241301 20010710 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 60 363602101244501 20010710 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 61 364150101071901 20010605 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 62 364500101155301 20010605 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 63 364722100545501 20010709 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 64 364728100563501 20010709 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 0.004 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 65 365006100451001 20010531 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 66 365024100450701 20010530 0.029 0.037 < 0.015 0.009 < 0.009 0.007 < 0.030 67 365919099490901 20010613 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 68 365938099490901 20010613 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 0.010 < 0.003 < 0.030 69 365941099475101 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 70 365941099490701 20010613 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 0.012 < 0.003 < 0.030 71 365942099473701 20010717 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 72 365944099473401 20010717 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 73 365945099474901 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 74 365945099491401 20010614 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 0.010 < 0.003 < 0.030 75 365947099492101 20010614 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 76 365948099491701 20010716 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030 77 365954099473701 20010717 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

78 370002099484101 20010612 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 0.018 < 0.003 < 0.030

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Copper Iron Lead Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium
Appendices 49

79 370003099483501 20010612 < 0.011 < 0.035 < 0.015 < 0.003 < 0.009 < 0.003 < 0.030

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements analyzed in samples from 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Copper Iron Lead Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium
50 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements in 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 wells at swine licensed managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Date (yyyymmdd) Silver Strontium Titanium Thallium Vanadium Zinc L1 343756096364402 20010720 < 0.020 0.220 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 0.352 L2 351857098004304 20010615 < 0.020 0.133 < 0.060 < 0.270 < 0.100 0.483 L3 360635098032902 22010625 < 0.010 0.317 < 0.040 < 0.135 < 0.050 0.273 L4 361028098440703 20010716 < 0.020 0.359 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 < 0.170 L5 361028098440707 20010717 < 0.020 0.317 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 < 0.170 L6 361028098440708 20010717 < 0.020 0.357 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 < 0.170 L7 362118099050001 20010628 < 0.020 0.143 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 < 0.170 L8 363605101241301 20010711 < 0.020 1.567 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 0.180 L9 365009100450901 20010531 < 0.002 0.640 0.040 0.038 0.032 0.055 L10 365956099473701 20010717 < 0.020 0.288 < 0.080 < 0.270 < 0.100 0.675

1 343756096364401 20010720 < 0.002 0.387 < 0.008 0.028 < 0.010 < 0.0172 343756096364403 20010720 < 0.002 0.391 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.0173 351857098004301 20010614 < 0.002 1.564 < 0.008 0.033 0.021 < 0.0174 351857098004302 20010615 < 0.002 1.623 < 0.008 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.0175 351857098004303 20010614 < 0.002 0.920 < 0.008 0.032 < 0.010 < 0.0176 353922098503101 20010618 < 0.002 3.807 < 0.008 0.033 0.015 < 0.0177 360134097591401 20010530 < 0.002 0.152 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.0178 360135097591801 20010529 < 0.002 0.357 < 0.008 0.028 < 0.010 < 0.0179 360146098013602 20010703 < 0.002 0.551 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017

10 360212097583601 20010702 < 0.002 0.268 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017

11 360317098015301 20010619 < 0.002 1.086 < 0.008 0.030 < 0.010 < 0.017

12 360317098015302 20010620 < 0.002 0.340 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01713 360317098015303 20010620 < 0.002 0.776 < 0.008 0.038 0.015 < 0.01714 360325098010701 20010620 < 0.002 0.335 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01715 360339098170301 20010517 < 0.002 0.689 < 0.008 0.029 < 0.010 < 0.01716 360339098170701 20010517 < 0.002 0.578 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01717 360416098013601 20010703 < 0.002 0.443 < 0.008 0.031 < 0.010 < 0.01718 360521098022501 20010626 < 0.002 0.330 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017
Appendices 51

19 360521098022502 20010626 < 0.002 0.637 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01720 360618098024501 20010619 < 0.002 0.103 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01722 360634098030901 20010625 < 0.002 0.451 < 0.008 0.029 < 0.010 < 0.01723 360634098030902 20010702 < 0.002 0.236 < 0.008 0.027 < 0.010 0.02424 360635098032901 20010625 < 0.002 0.501 < 0.008 0.028 < 0.010 < 0.01727 361028098440701 20010716 < 0.002 0.736 < 0.008 0.029 0.033 < 0.01728 361028098440702 20010716 < 0.002 0.369 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01729 361028098440704 20010716 < 0.002 0.325 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01730 361028098440705 20010717 < 0.002 0.200 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01731 361028098440706 20010717 < 0.002 0.250 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01732 361115098504701 20010802 < 0.002 0.280 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01733 361116098463001 20010524 < 0.002 0.420 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01734 361117098504301 20010802 < 0.002 0.256 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01735 361118098463301 20010524 < 0.002 0.292 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01736 361121098504501 20010807 < 0.002 0.203 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01737 361122098462801 20010611 < 0.002 0.297 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01738 361122098493901 20010821 < 0.002 0.434 < 0.008 0.028 < 0.010 < 0.01739 361133098485701 20010807 < 0.002 0.455 < 0.008 0.030 < 0.010 < 0.01740 361136098374401 20010731 < 0.002 0.672 < 0.008 0.034 < 0.010 < 0.01741 361139098374801 20010731 < 0.002 0.595 < 0.008 0.034 < 0.010 < 0.01742 361139098485901 20010807 < 0.002 0.599 < 0.008 0.033 < 0.010 < 0.01743 361143098374801 20010731 < 0.002 0.305 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 0.01944 361146098504501 20010801 < 0.002 0.351 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01745 361152098504401 20010802 < 0.002 0.370 < 0.008 0.032 < 0.010 < 0.01746 361157098494101 20010607 < 0.002 0.125 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01747 361203098494301 20010611 < 0.002 0.161 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01748 361210098112201 20010808 < 0.002 0.090 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01749 361215098491301 20010606 < 0.002 0.224 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01750 361215098491501 20010606 < 0.002 0.252 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.01751 361240098494201 20010801 < 0.002 0.200 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017

Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements in 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 wells at swine licensed managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Silver Strontium Titanium Thallium Vanadium Zinc
52 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 52 361240098494401 20010607 < 0.002 0.256 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 53 361245098494401 20010606 <0.002 0.243 <0.008 <0.027 <0.010 <0.017 54 362100099050301 20010628 < 0.002 0.188 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 55 362118099050301 20010628 < 0.002 0.152 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 56 362136099041201 20010626 < 0.002 0.192 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.010 < 0.017 57 362136099051001 20010626 < 0.002 0.187 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 58 363153101185001 20010710 < 0.002 <0.006 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.025 < 0.017 59 363601101241301 20010710 < 0.002 3.625 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.046 < 0.017 60 363602101244501 20010710 < 0.002 3.595 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.034 < 0.017 61 364150101071901 20010605 < 0.002 1.259 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.023 < 0.017 62 364500101155301 20010605 < 0.002 1.779 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.013 < 0.017 63 364722100545501 20010709 < 0.002 3.396 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.016 < 0.017 64 364728100563501 20010709 < 0.002 4.574 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.019 0.127 65 365006100451001 20010531 < 0.002 2.059 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.016 < 0.017 66 365024100450701 20010530 < 0.002 1.032 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.028 < 0.017 67 365919099490901 20010613 < 0.002 0.931 < 0.008 0.028 0.021 < 0.017 68 365938099490901 20010613 < 0.002 0.210 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.060 < 0.017 69 365941099475101 20010716 < 0.002 0.753 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.013 < 0.017 70 365941099490701 20010613 < 0.002 0.313 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.037 < 0.017 71 365942099473701 20010717 < 0.002 0.598 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.012 < 0.017 72 365944099473401 20010717 < 0.002 0.699 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 73 365945099474901 20010716 < 0.002 0.810 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.012 < 0.017 74 365945099491401 20010614 < 0.002 0.568 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.025 < 0.017 75 365947099492101 20010614 < 0.002 1.238 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 76 365948099491701 20010716 < 0.002 0.961 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.018 < 0.017 77 365954099473701 20010717 < 0.002 0.216 < 0.008 < 0.027 < 0.010 < 0.017 78 370002099484101 20010612 < 0.002 0.315 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.023 < 0.017 79 370003099483501 20010612 < 0.002 0.829 < 0.008 < 0.027 0.020 < 0.017 Appendix 2. Dissolved trace elements in 10 lagoons and 76 of 79 wells at swine licensed managed feeding operations in Oklahoma—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Date (yyyymmdd) Silver Strontium Titanium Thallium Vanadium Zinc
Appendices 53

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001 [L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data; all concentrations in micrograms per liter, total]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Pesticide Hydrocarbons

Bromacil Benzo(a)pyrene Fluoranthene Phenanthrene Pyrene

L1 343756096364402 20010720 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5L2 351857098004304 20010615 1100 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 E 0.4 <0.5L3 360635098032902 20010625 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5L4 361028098440703 20010716 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5L7 362118099050001 20010628 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5L8 363605101241301 20010711 0800 <0.5 <0.5 0.6 <0.5 <0.5L9 365009100450901 20010531 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

L10 365956099473701 20010717 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

1 343756096364401 20010720 1130 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.52 343756096364403 20010720 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.53 351857098004301 20010614 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.54 351857098004302 20010615 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.55 351857098004303 20010614 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.56 353922098503101 20010618 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.57 360134097591401 20010530 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.58 360135097591801 20010529 1000 <0.5 E 0.1 E 0.3 E 0.1 E 0.29 360146098013602 20010703 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

10 360212097583601 20010702 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

11 360317098015301 20010619 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

12 360317098015302 20010620 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.513 360317098015303 20010620 1200 1.9 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.514 360325098010701 20010620 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.515 360339098170301 20010517 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.516 360339098170701 20010517 1500 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.517 360416098013601 20010703 0900 1.4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.518 360521098022501 20010626 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5
54 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 19 360521098022502 20010626 1200 1.8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 20 360618098024501 20010619 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 21 360618098024502 20010531 1300 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 23 360634098030902 20010702 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 24 360635098032901 20010625 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 25 360729098060901 20010529 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 26 360735098060801 20010529 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 27 361028098440701 20010716 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 28 361028098440702 20010716 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 29 361028098440704 20010704 1700 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 30 361028098440705 20010717 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 31 361028098440706 20010717 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 32 361115098504701 20010802 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 33 361116098463001 20010524 1500 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 34 361117098504301 20010802 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 35 361118098463301 20010524 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 36 361121098504501 20010807 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 37 361122098462801 20010611 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 38 361122098493901 20010821 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 39 361133098485701 20010807 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 40 361136098374401 20010731 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 41 361139098374801 20010731 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 42 361139098485901 20010807 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 43 361143098374801 20010731 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 44 361146098504501 20010801 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 45 361152098504401 20010802 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

46 361157098494101 20010607 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.547 361203098494301 20010611 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data; all concentrations in micrograms per liter, total]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Pesticide Hydrocarbons

Bromacil Benzo(a)pyrene Fluoranthene Phenanthrene Pyrene
Appendices 55

48 361210098112201 20010808 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.549 361215098491301 20010606 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.550 361215098491501 20010606 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.551 361240098494201 20010801 0900 <0.5 E 0.1 E 0.1 E 0.070 E 0.1 52 361240098494401 20010607 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.553 361245098494401 20010606 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.554 362100099050301 20010628 1003 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.555 362118099050301 20010628 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.556 362136099041201 20010601 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.557 362136099051001 20010626 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.558 363153101185001 20010710 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.559 363601101241301 20010710 1700 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.560 363602101244501 20010710 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.561 364150101071901 20010605 1500 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.562 364500101155301 20010605 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.563 364722100545501 20010709 1400 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.564 364728100563501 20010709 1700 2.2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.565 365006100451001 20010531 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.566 365024100450701 20010530 1000 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.567 365919099490901 20010613 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.568 365938099490901 20010613 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.569 365941099475101 20010716 1300 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.570 365941099490701 20010613 1500 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.571 365942099473701 20010717 0900 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.572 365944099473401 20010717 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.573 365945099474901 20010716 1100 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.574 365945099491401 20010614 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.575 365947099492101 20010614 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data; all concentrations in micrograms per liter, total]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Pesticide Hydrocarbons

Bromacil Benzo(a)pyrene Fluoranthene Phenanthrene Pyrene
Appendices 56

76 365948099491701 20010716 1000 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.577 365954099473701 20010717 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.578 370002099484101 20010612 1200 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.579 370003099483501 20010612 1400 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued.[L, lagoon; yyyymmdd, year, month, day; <, less than; E, estimated; --, no data; all concentrations in micrograms per liter, total]

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Date

(yyyymmdd) Time

Pesticide Hydrocarbons

Bromacil Benzo(a)pyrene Fluoranthene Phenanthrene Pyrene
Appendices 57

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Industrial Animal waste

Isophorone l Para-cresol 3-beta- coprostanol Skatol Beta-sito- sterol Stigmas- tanol Cholesterol Equilenin Esterone

L1 343756096364402 E 0.2 6.4 300 110 130 220 150 <5 <5L2 351857098004304 E 0.2 14 700 54 420 900 460 <5 E 4 L3 360635098032902 E 0.2 <1 E 290 E 0.2 E 130 E 25 E 280 <5 <5L4 361028098440703 E 0.2 3.5 220 94 97 140 210 <5 <5L7 362118099050001 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5L8 363605101241301 E 0.2 190 230 220 93 53 200 <5 <5L9 365009100450901 E 0.4 E 0.4 6.4 E 0.7 6.8 3.1 7.5 E 0.1 E 50 

L10 365956099473701 <0.5 1200 540 380 330 700 260 <5 <5

1 343756096364401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <52 343756096364403 <0.5 <1 E 1 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <53 351857098004301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <54 351857098004302 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <55 351857098004303 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <56 353922098503101 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <57 360134097591401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <58 360135097591801 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <59 360146098013602 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

10 360212097583601 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

11 360317098015301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

12 360317098015302 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <513 360317098015303 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <514 360325098010701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <515 360339098170301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <516 360339098170701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <517 360416098013601 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <518 360521098022501 <0.5 <1 E 1 <1 E 1 <2 E 1 <5 <519 360521098022502 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5
58 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 20 360618098024501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 21 360618098024502 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 23 360634098030902 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 24 360635098032901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 25 360729098060901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 26 360735098060801 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 27 361028098440701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 28 361028098440702 <0.5 <1 2 <1 E 1 <2 E 2 <5 <5 29 361028098440704 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 30 361028098440705 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 31 361028098440706 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 32 361115098504701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 33 361116098463001 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 34 361117098504301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 35 361118098463301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 36 361121098504501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 37 361122098462801 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 38 361122098493901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 39 361133098485701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 E 0.003 <5 40 361136098374401 <0.5 <1 E 1 <1 2 E 1 E 1 <5 <5 41 361139098374801 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 42 361139098485901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 43 361143098374801 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 E 1 <2 <2 <5 <5 44 361146098504501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 45 361152098504401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 46 361157098494101 <0.5 <0.5 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 47 361203098494301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 48 361210098112201 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

49 361215098491301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Industrial Animal waste

Isophorone l Para-cresol 3-beta- coprostanol Skatol Beta-sito- sterol Stigmas- tanol Cholesterol Equilenin Esterone
Appendices 59

50 361215098491501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <551 361240098494201 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 E 1 <5 <552 361240098494401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <553 361245098494401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <554 362100099050301 <0.5 E 0.1 2 E 0.1 E 1 <2 E 1 <5 <555 362118099050301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <556 362136099041201 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <557 362136099051001 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <558 363153101185001 E 0.2 E 0.6 2 <1 E 1 E 1 2.5 <5 <559 363601101241301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <560 363602101244501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <561 364150101071901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <562 364500101155301 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <563 364722100545501 <0.5 <1 E 0.3 <1 <2 <2 E 1 <5 <564 364728100563501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <565 365006100451001 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <566 365024100450701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <567 365919099490901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <568 365938099490901 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <569 365941099475101 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <570 365941099490701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <571 365942099473701 <0.5 <1 E 0.3 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <572 365944099473401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <573 365945099474901 <0.5 <1 E 1 E 0.02 <2 E 0.5 <2 <5 <574 365945099491401 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <575 365947099492101 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <576 365948099491701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <577 365954099473701 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <578 370002099484101 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 

2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Industrial Animal waste

Isophorone l Para-cresol 3-beta- coprostanol Skatol Beta-sito- sterol Stigmas- tanol Cholesterol Equilenin Esterone
60 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 79 370003099483501 <0.5 <1 <2 <1 <2 <2 <2 <5 <5 Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Industrial Animal waste Isophorone l Para-cresol 3-beta- coprostanol Skatol Beta-sito- sterol Stigmas- tanol Cholesterol Equilenin Esterone
Appendices 61

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

BHA Acetophenone Anthraquinone Bisphenol A Bromoform Caffeine Camphor Carbazole

L1 343756096364402 <5 1 <0.5 <1 <0.5 1.1 <0.5 <0.5L2 351857098004304 <5 0.7 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.93L3 360635098032902 <5 E 0.3 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5L4 361028098440703 <5 1.8 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5L7 362118099050001 <5 E 0.2 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5L8 363605101241301 E 1 1.2 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5L9 365009100450901 <5 0.9 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.3 E 0.3 <0.5

L10 365956099473701 <5 2.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

1 343756096364401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.52 343756096364403 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.53 351857098004301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 -- <0.5 <0.54 351857098004302 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.55 351857098004303 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.56 353922098503101 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.57 360134097591401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.58 360135097591801 <5 <0.5 E 0.1 <1 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.59 360146098013602 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

10 360212097583601 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

11 360317098015301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5

12 360317098015302 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.513 360317098015303 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.514 360325098010701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.515 360339098170301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.516 360339098170701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.517 360416098013601 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.518 360521098022501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.519 360521098022502 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.520 360618098024501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.04 E 0.1 <0.5
62 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 21 360618098024502 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 E 0.1 E 0.04 <0.5 <0.5 23 360634098030902 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 24 360635098032901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 25 360729098060901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 26 360735098060801 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 27 361028098440701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 28 361028098440702 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 29 361028098440704 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 30 361028098440705 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 31 361028098440706 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 32 361115098504701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.05 <0.5 <0.5 33 361116098463001 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 34 361117098504301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5 35 361118098463301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 36 361121098504501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 37 361122098462801 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 38 361122098493901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 39 361133098485701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 40 361136098374401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 41 361139098374801 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 42 361139098485901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 43 361143098374801 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 44 361146098504501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 45 361152098504401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 46 361157098494101 <5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 47 361203098494301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 48 361210098112201 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 49 361215098491301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

50 361215098491501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

BHA Acetophenone Anthraquinone Bisphenol A Bromoform Caffeine Camphor Carbazole
Appendices 63

51 361240098494201 <5 <0.5 E 0.1 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.552 361240098494401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.553 361245098494401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.05 <0.5 <0.554 362100099050301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.555 362118099050301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.04 <0.5 <0.556 362136099041201 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.557 362136099051001 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.558 363153101185001 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.559 363601101241301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.560 363602101244501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.561 364150101071901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.562 364500101155301 <5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.563 364722100545501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.564 364728100563501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.565 365006100451001 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.566 365024100450701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.567 365919099490901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.568 365938099490901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.569 365941099475101 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 E 0.04 <0.5 <0.570 365941099490701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.571 365942099473701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.572 365944099473401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.573 365945099474901 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.574 365945099491401 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.575 365947099492101 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.576 365948099491701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.577 365954099473701 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.578 370002099484101 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.579 370003099483501 <5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

BHA Acetophenone Anthraquinone Bisphenol A Bromoform Caffeine Camphor Carbazole
64 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Okla- homa, 2001—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Household Indole Isoquinoline Methyl salicylate Phenol Tri(2-choro- ethyl)phosphate Tri(dichoriso- propyl)phos- phate L1 343756096364402 2.4 <0.5 <0.5 E 7.1 <0.5 E 0.4 L2 351857098004304 1.6 <0.5 <0.5 E 6.2 <0.5 <0.5 L3 360635098032902 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 E 0.1 <0.5 L4 361028098440703 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 3.4 <0.5 <0.5 L7 362118099050001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.7 <0.5 <0.5 L8 363605101241301 <0.5 1 <0.5 E 80.0 <0.5 <0.5 L9 365009100450901 0.8 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.6 <0.5 <0.5 L10 365956099473701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 74.0 <0.5 <0.5

1 343756096364401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.52 343756096364403 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.53 351857098004301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.54 351857098004302 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.55 351857098004303 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.56 353922098503101 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.7 <0.5 <0.57 360134097591401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.58 360135097591801 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.59 360146098013602 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

10 360212097583601 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

11 360317098015301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.6 <0.5 <0.5

12 360317098015302 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.513 360317098015303 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.514 360325098010701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 1.0 <0.5 <0.515 360339098170301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.516 360339098170701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.517 360416098013601 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.518 360521098022501 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.01 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.519 360521098022502 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5
Appendices 65

20 360618098024501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.5 <0.5 <0.521 360618098024502 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.523 360634098030902 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.524 360635098032901 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.03 E 0. <0.5 <0.525 360729098060901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.5 <0.5 <0.526 360735098060801 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.527 361028098440701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.528 361028098440702 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.529 361028098440704 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.530 361028098440705 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.531 361028098440706 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.532 361115098504701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.533 361116098463001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.534 361117098504301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.535 361118098463301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.6 <0.5 <0.536 361121098504501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.537 361122098462801 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.02 <2.4 <0.5 <0.538 361122098493901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.539 361133098485701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.540 361136098374401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.541 361139098374801 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.542 361139098485901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.543 361143098374801 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 1.3 <0.5 <0.544 361146098504501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.545 361152098504401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.546 361157098494101 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.547 361203098494301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.548 361210098112201 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

Indole Isoquinoline Methyl salicylate Phenol Tri(2-choro- ethyl)phosphate Tri(dichoriso- propyl)phos- phate
66 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 49 361215098491301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5 50 361215098491501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.5 51 361240098494201 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 52 361240098494401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 53 361245098494401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 54 362100099050301 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 55 362118099050301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 56 362136099041201 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.7 <0.5 <0.5 57 362136099051001 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.02 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5 58 363153101185001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 59 363601101241301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 60 363602101244501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 61 364150101071901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 62 364500101155301 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 63 364722100545501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 64 364728100563501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 65 365006100451001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.8 <0.5 <0.5 66 365024100450701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.3 <0.5 <0.5 67 365919099490901 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.01 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 68 365938099490901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 69 365941099475101 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.01 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5 70 365941099490701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 71 365942099473701 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.01 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 72 365944099473401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.5 73 365945099474901 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.4 <0.5 <0.5 74 365945099491401 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5 75 365947099492101 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

76 365948099491701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

Indole Isoquinoline Methyl salicylate Phenol Tri(2-choro- ethyl)phosphate Tri(dichoriso- propyl)phos- phate
Appendices 67

77 365954099473701 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.578 370002099484101 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 E 0.2 <0.5 <0.579 370003099483501 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.4 <0.5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household

Indole Isoquinoline Methyl salicylate Phenol Tri(2-choro- ethyl)phosphate Tri(dichoriso- propyl)phos- phate
68 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued Lagoon and well numbers Site identification number Household Detergents Triclosan Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Para-nonylphenol total Tributylphosphate L1 343756096364402 <1 <0.5 E 2.2 2.5 L2 351857098004304 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 L3 360635098032902 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 L4 361028098440703 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 L7 362118099050001 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 L8 363605101241301 <1 <0.5 <5 2 L9 365009100450901 E 0.4 <0.5 <5 <0.5 L10 365956099473701 <1 0.6 <5 3.4

1 343756096364401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.52 343756096364403 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.53 351857098004301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.54 351857098004302 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.55 351857098004303 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.56 353922098503101 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.57 360134097591401 <1 <0.5 E 1 <0.58 360135097591801 <1 <0.5 E 1 <0.59 360146098013602 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

10 360212097583601 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

11 360317098015301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

12 360317098015302 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.513 360317098015303 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.514 360325098010701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.515 360339098170301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.516 360339098170701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.517 360416098013601 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.518 360521098022501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.519 360521098022502 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.520 360618098024501 <1 <0.5 E 1 <0.5
Appendices 69

21 360618098024502 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.523 360634098030902 <1 1.7 <5 <0.524 360635098032901 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.525 360729098060901 <1 <0.5 E 1 <0.526 360735098060801 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.527 361028098440701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.528 361028098440702 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.529 361028098440704 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.530 361028098440705 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.531 361028098440706 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.532 361115098504701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.533 361116098463001 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.534 361117098504301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.535 361118098463301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.536 361121098504501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.537 361122098462801 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.538 361122098493901 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.539 361133098485701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.540 361136098374401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.541 361139098374801 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.542 361139098485901 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.543 361143098374801 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.544 361146098504501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.545 361152098504401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.546 361157098494101 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.547 361203098494301 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.548 361210098112201 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.549 361215098491301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.550 361215098491501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household Detergents

Triclosan Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Para-nonylphenol total Tributylphosphate
70 Possible Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water at Swine Licensed-Managed Feeding Operations in Oklahoma, 2001 51 361240098494201 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 52 361240098494401 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 53 361245098494401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 54 362100099050301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 55 362118099050301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 56 362136099041201 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 57 362136099051001 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 58 363153101185001 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 59 363601101241301 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 60 363602101244501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 61 364150101071901 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 62 364500101155301 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 63 364722100545501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 64 364728100563501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 65 365006100451001 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 66 365024100450701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 67 365919099490901 <1 <0.5 E 1 <0.5 68 365938099490901 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 69 365941099475101 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 70 365941099490701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 71 365942099473701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 72 365944099473401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 73 365945099474901 <1 E 0.3 <5 <0.5 74 365945099491401 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 75 365947099492101 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 76 365948099491701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 77 365954099473701 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5 78 370002099484101 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

79 370003099483501 <1 <0.5 <5 <0.5

Appendix 3. Wastewater organic compounds analyzed in samples from eight lagoons and 78 of 79 monitoring wells at swine licensed-managed feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001—Continued

Lagoon 

and well 

numbers

Site identification 

number

Household Detergents

Triclosan Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Para-nonylphenol total Tributylphosphate
Appendices 71