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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5577 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5577

  To amend title 11, United States Code, to add a bankruptcy chapter 
      relating to the debt of individuals, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

            December 18 (legislative day, December 16), 2024

 Ms. Warren (for herself and Mr. Whitehouse) introduced the following 
  bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
  To amend title 11, United States Code, to add a bankruptcy chapter 
      relating to the debt of individuals, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 
2024''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
               TITLE I--CHAPTER 10 INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCY

Sec. 101. Findings and purpose.
Sec. 102. Chapter 10 individual bankruptcy.
Sec. 103. Repeal of chapter 13.
Sec. 104. Other amendments to the Bankruptcy Code.
Sec. 105. Data collection.
Sec. 106. Electronic signatures.
Sec. 107. Judicial education.
Sec. 108. Conforming amendments to other laws.
           TITLE II--CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AMENDMENTS

Sec. 201. Amendments to the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010.
Sec. 202. Amendments to the Truth in Lending Act.
Sec. 203. Amendments to the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
Sec. 204. Amendments to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.
Sec. 205. Amendments to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.
Sec. 206. Amendments to the Electronic Fund Transfers Act.
                      TITLE III--BANKRUPTCY RULES

Sec. 301. Rules Enabling Act amendments.
Sec. 302. Bankruptcy rules amendments.
Sec. 303. Sense of Congress.
                TITLE IV--FUNDING THE BANKRUPTCY SYSTEM

Sec. 401. Bankruptcy fees.
Sec. 402. Trustee compensation.
                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 501. Effective date.
Sec. 502. Transition.
Sec. 503. Severability.

               TITLE I--CHAPTER 10 INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCY

SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) individuals and families are often in financial 
        distress for reasons outside of their control, such as job 
        loss, medical bills, or educational debt, and an effective 
        bankruptcy system not only provides those individuals and 
        families with a fresh start but also ensures that they can 
        participate fully in the United States economy;
            (2) the Bankruptcy Code was adopted in 1978, and, since 
        then, consumer lending has grown dramatically and been 
        transformed by technology and the preemption of State usury and 
        consumer protection laws for certain types of lenders;
            (3) unnecessary paperwork and overly complex laws increase 
        the cost of bankruptcy and prevent individuals and families in 
        the United States who need help from accessing the bankruptcy 
        system;
            (4) many consumer debtors cannot afford bankruptcy counsel 
        and must instead save up to pay an attorney to file their 
        bankruptcy petitions;
            (5) the dual-track bankruptcy system produces racially 
        disparate outcomes that disadvantage people of color;
            (6) student loan debt burdens are creating distortions in 
        the labor and housing market;
            (7) the nondischargeability of private student loan debt 
        has not resulted in lower financing costs for student loan 
        borrowers;
            (8) the inability of debtors to restructure home mortgage 
        loans has led to unnecessary foreclosures that have created 
        hardships for individuals and families and their communities 
        without reducing costs of mortgage financing;
            (9) individuals and families often rely on their cars to 
        get to work and to get dependents to school and medical 
        appointments but often cannot retain their cars in bankruptcy 
        without paying substantially more than the car is worth;
            (10) the difficulty of enforcing the discharge injunction 
        has enabled illegal debt collection activity that undercuts the 
        fresh start policy of bankruptcy;
            (11) existing law does not provide a sufficient deterrent 
        to predatory creditors that harm individuals and families in 
        bankruptcy by violating consumer financial laws or failing to 
        comply with bankruptcy rules; and
            (12) well-counseled, affluent debtors can avoid repaying 
        creditors through asset protection planning.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to establish a bankruptcy 
system that helps individuals and families in the United States regain 
financial stability and protects against abusive and predatory behavior 
by--
            (1) streamlining the process of filing for bankruptcy, 
        simplifying court procedures in bankruptcy, and lowering the 
        cost of bankruptcy for both consumers and creditors;
            (2) creating a single-chapter consumer bankruptcy system 
        that allows consumers greater flexibility in addressing their 
        debts and prevents disparate treatment of similarly situated 
        consumers;
            (3) offering consumers more and better options to deal with 
        debts, while ensuring the fair treatment of creditors;
            (4) making it easier for consumers to pay an attorney for 
        counsel or representation in a bankruptcy case;
            (5) simplifying the identification and treatment of cases 
        by expanding the number of routine cases that are handled by 
        the court in which there is no chance of a reasonable payment 
        to creditors and reducing paperwork requirements in those 
        routine cases;
            (6) allowing the modification of mortgages on all 
        residences;
            (7) allowing the modification of car loans based on the 
        market value of a car;
            (8) allowing the discharge of student loan debt on equal 
        terms with most other types of debt;
            (9) reducing racial, gender, and other harmful disparities 
        in the availability, accessibility, costs, and outcomes with 
        respect to the bankruptcy process;
            (10) ensuring the fair treatment of claimants for domestic 
        support obligations;
            (11) reducing abusive creditor behavior; and
            (12) closing bankruptcy loopholes that allow the wealthy to 
        exploit the bankruptcy process.

SEC. 102. CHAPTER 10 INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCY.

    (a) In General.--Title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after section 946 the following:

                  ``CHAPTER 10--INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCY

                   ``subchapter i--general provisions

``Sec.
``1001. Trustee.
``1002. Rights and powers of debtor.
``1003. Debtor engaged in business.
``1004. Possession of property of the estate.
``1005. Conversion or dismissal.
``1006. Treatment of certain contracts and leases.
``1007. Treatment of rental purchase agreements.
``1008. Obtaining credit.
``1009. Stay of action against codebtor.
``1010. Interpretive principle.
                         ``subchapter ii--plans

``1021. Filing of plans.
``1022. Contents of plans.
``1023. Plan confirmation hearing.
``1024. Confirmation of plans.
``1025. Payments under a repayment plan.
``1026. Payments under a residence plan or property plan.
``1027. Protection of lessors and purchase money lenders.
``1028. Effect of confirmation.
``1029. Modification of repayment plan.
                       ``subchapter iii--discharge

``1031. Discharge; scope and timing.
``1032. Revocation of discharge or order of confirmation.
                   ``subchapter iv--avoidance actions

``1041. Treatment of certain liens.
``1042. Limitations on avoidance actions.
                   ``subchapter v--limited proceedings

``1051. Election of limited proceeding.
``1052. Effect of limited proceeding.
``1053. Dismissal or conversion of limited proceedings.

                   ``SUBCHAPTER I--GENERAL PROVISIONS

``Sec. 1001. Trustee
    ``(a) Appointment.--Except as provided by section 1052, in a case 
under this chapter, the United States trustee--
            ``(1) shall appoint 1 disinterested individual to serve as 
        trustee from the panel of private trustees under section 586(a) 
        of title 28 or a standing trustee under subsection (b) of that 
        section who meets the requirements of a trustee under section 
        322 of this title; or
            ``(2) may serve as trustee.
    ``(b) Duties.--The trustee shall--
            ``(1) perform the duties required under paragraphs (2) 
        through (5) and (7) of section 704;
            ``(2) appear and be heard at any hearing that concerns--
                    ``(A) the value of property subject to a lien; or
                    ``(B) confirmation of a repayment plan, a residence 
                plan, or a property plan;
            ``(3) advise, other than on legal matters, and assist the 
        debtor in the formulation of, and performance under, any plan;
            ``(4) ensure that the debtor commences making timely 
        payments under section 1025;
            ``(5) in the case of a debtor against whom there is a claim 
        for a domestic support obligation, provide the notices required 
        under subsection (d); and
            ``(6) in the case of a debtor engaged in business as 
        described in section 1003(a), perform the duties required under 
        paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 1106(a).
    ``(c) Prohibitions.--The trustee may not--
            ``(1) serve as an advocate for debtors or creditors;
            ``(2) advise debtors or creditors on legal matters; or
            ``(3) raise an objection to a plan filed under section 1021 
        solely on the basis of the treatment of a secured claim under 
        the plan.
    ``(d) Domestic Support Claim Notice.--
            ``(1) Definition of state or local child support 
        enforcement agency.--In this subsection, the term `State or 
        local child support enforcement agency' means any agency of a 
        State or political subdivision thereof operating pursuant to a 
        plan described in section 454 of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 654) that has been approved by the Secretary of Health 
        and Human Services under part D of title IV of such Act (42 
        U.S.C. 651 et seq.).
            ``(2) Additional duties.--In the case of a debtor against 
        whom there is a claim for a domestic support obligation, the 
        trustee shall--
                    ``(A) provide written notice of the claim to the 
                holder of the domestic support obligation that 
                includes--
                            ``(i) a notice of the right of the holder 
                        to use the services of a State or local child 
                        support enforcement agency for assistance in 
                        collecting child support during and after the 
                        case; and
                            ``(ii) the address and telephone number of 
                        the State or local child support enforcement 
                        agency of the State or political subdivision 
                        thereof in which the holder resides;
                    ``(B) provide written notice of the claim to the 
                State or local child support enforcement agency of the 
                State or political subdivision thereof in which the 
                holder resides that includes the name, address, and 
                telephone number of the holder of the domestic support 
                obligation; and
                    ``(C) on the date on which the debtor is granted a 
                discharge under section 1031, provide written notice to 
                the holder of the domestic support obligation and the 
                State or local child support enforcement agency of the 
                State or political subdivision thereof in which the 
                holder resides of--
                            ``(i) the granting of the discharge;
                            ``(ii) the most recent known address of the 
                        debtor;
                            ``(iii) the most recent known name and 
                        address of the most recent known employer of 
                        the debtor; and
                            ``(iv) the name of each creditor that holds 
                        a claim that is not discharged under paragraph 
                        (2) or (4) of section 523(a).
            ``(3) Address request.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The holder of a claim for 
                domestic support against the debtor or a State or local 
                child support enforcement agency of the State or 
                political subdivision thereof in which the holder 
                resides may request from a creditor described in 
                paragraph (2)(C)(iv) the most recent known address of 
                the debtor.
                    ``(B) No liability.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, a creditor that makes a disclosure in 
                connection with a request made under subparagraph (A) 
                shall not be liable for making the disclosure.
``Sec. 1002. Rights and powers of debtor
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to any limitations of a trustee under 
this chapter, the debtor shall have, exclusive of the trustee, the 
rights and powers of a trustee under--
            ``(1) subsections (b), (c), (d), (f), and (l) of section 
        363; and
            ``(2) section 364.
    ``(b) Avoidance of Transfers.--The debtor may avoid a transfer of 
property of the debtor or recover a setoff if--
            ``(1)(A) the transfer is avoidable by the trustee under 
        section 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, or 1041 or recoverable by the 
        trustee under section 553; and
            ``(B) the trustee does not attempt to avoid the transfer; 
        or
            ``(2) section 1042 prohibits the trustee from avoiding the 
        transfer.
``Sec. 1003. Debtor engaged in business
    ``(a) In General.--For the purposes of this chapter, a debtor is 
engaged in business if the debtor is--
            ``(1) self-employed; and
            ``(2) required to withhold taxes under section 3402 of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    ``(b) Rights.--Unless the court orders otherwise, a debtor engaged 
in business may operate the business of the debtor and, subject to any 
limitations on a trustee under sections 363(c) and 364 and to such 
limitations or conditions as the court prescribes, shall have, 
exclusive of the trustee, the rights and powers of the trustee under 
such sections.
    ``(c) Duties.--A debtor engaged in business--
            ``(1) shall perform the duties of the trustee required 
        under section 704(7); and
            ``(2) is not subject to the provisions of section 308.
``Sec. 1004. Possession of property of the estate
    ``The debtor shall remain in possession of all property of the 
estate, unless--
            ``(1) a confirmed plan or an order confirming a plan 
        provides otherwise; or
            ``(2) the court, for cause, orders otherwise.
``Sec. 1005. Conversion or dismissal
    ``(a) Conversion on Request of Debtor.--At any time, the debtor may 
convert a case under this chapter to a case under--
            ``(1) chapter 11, if the debtor is eligible under section 
        109(e); or
            ``(2) chapter 12, if the debtor is eligible under section 
        109(f).
    ``(b) Conversion or Dismissal on Request of Other Parties.--After 
notice and a hearing, the court, on its own motion, or on a motion by a 
creditor, the United States trustee, the trustee, or any other party in 
interest, may, for cause, dismiss a case under this chapter or, with 
the consent of the debtor, convert a case under this chapter to a case 
under chapter 11 or 12, including--
            ``(1) unreasonable delay by the debtor that is prejudicial 
        to creditors;
            ``(2) nonpayment of any fees or costs required under 
        section 1930 of title 28;
            ``(3) failure to timely file a plan under section 1021, 
        unless the debtor is eligible for a discharge without a plan 
        under section 1031;
            ``(4) failure to commence making timely payments required 
        under section 1025 if the debtor files a repayment plan;
            ``(5) denial of confirmation of a plan under section 1024 
        and denial of a request for additional time for filing another 
        plan;
            ``(6) except as provided by section 1052(8), and only on 
        request of the United States trustee, failure of the debtor in 
        a voluntary case to file, not later than 14 days after the date 
        of the commencement of the case, or additional time as the 
        court may allow, the information required under section 
        521(a)(1); and
            ``(7) failure to file a repayment plan, if required, by the 
        deadline prescribed under section 1021(e).
    ``(c) Dismissal.--
            ``(1) Dismissal for manifestly improper use of the 
        bankruptcy system.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (b), 
                after notice and a hearing, the court, on its own 
                motion or on a motion by the United States trustee or 
                the trustee, may dismiss a case on grounds that the 
                granting of relief would be a manifestly improper use 
                of the bankruptcy system.
                    ``(B) Manifestly improper use of the bankruptcy 
                system.--For the purpose of subparagraph (A), the 
                failure of a debtor to pay an amount that is greater 
                than the minimum payment obligation under a repayment 
                plan alone does not constitute a manifestly improper 
                use of the bankruptcy system.
            ``(2) Dismissal at request of debtor.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to a case that has 
                not been converted under subsection (a)--
                            ``(i) at the request of the debtor before 
                        any plan is confirmed under section 1024, the 
                        court shall dismiss the case; and
                            ``(ii) at the request of the debtor after 
                        any plan is confirmed under section 1024, the 
                        court shall dismiss the case, unless the United 
                        States trustee or the trustee establishes that 
                        dismissal would not be in the best interest of 
                        creditors.
                    ``(B) Waiver unenforceable.--A waiver of the right 
                to dismiss a case under this section shall be 
                unenforceable.
                    ``(C) No discharge.--In any case dismissed under 
                this paragraph--
                            ``(i) the court shall not issue a 
                        discharge; and
                            ``(ii) any discharge previously issued is 
                        revoked.
``Sec. 1006. Treatment of certain contracts and leases
    ``Notwithstanding a provision in any contract or unexpired lease, 
or in applicable law, with respect to any contract or unexpired lease 
of the debtor, the contract or lease and any right or obligation under 
the contract or lease may not be terminated or modified, and neither 
the debtor nor any individual liable on such contract or unexpired 
lease with the debtor may be declared in default under the contract or 
lease at any time during or after the case, solely because of a 
provision in the contract or lease that is conditioned on--
            ``(1) the insolvency or financial condition of the debtor 
        at any time before the closing of the case;
            ``(2) the commencement of a case under this title;
            ``(3) the appointment of, or taking possession by--
                    ``(A) a trustee in a case under this title; or
                    ``(B) a custodian before the commencement of a case 
                under this title; or
            ``(4) the filing of a plan or the exercise of any other 
        right under this title.
``Sec. 1007. Treatment of rental purchase agreements
    ``(a) Definition of Rental-Purchase Agreement.--In this section, 
the term `rental-purchase agreement' means an agreement, irrespective 
of form--
            ``(1) for the use of personal property, other than a 
        vehicle, by the debtor for personal, family, or household 
        purposes;
            ``(2) that is renewable with each payment; and
            ``(3) that permits, but does not obligate, the debtor to 
        become the owner of the property that is the subject of the 
        agreement.
    ``(b) No Interest in Property.--For the purpose of this chapter and 
notwithstanding applicable nonbankruptcy law, the lessor on a rental-
purchase agreement does not have an interest in the property covered by 
the rental-purchase agreement.
    ``(c) Election To Retain Property.--Notwithstanding section 365, in 
a case under this chapter, the debtor may elect to retain the property 
covered by a rental-purchase agreement.
    ``(d) Claims of Lessor-Seller.--Notwithstanding sections 365 and 
503 and subject to section 502, if the debtor elects to retain the 
property covered by a rental-purchase agreement, the liability of the 
debtor to a lessor-seller under the rental-purchase agreement shall--
            ``(1) be treated as if the liability arose immediately 
        before the date of the filing of the petition;
            ``(2) not be treated as an administrative expense; and
            ``(3) be limited to the sum of--
                    ``(A) accrued and unpaid rent under the rental-
                purchase agreement; and
                    ``(B) future rent and other payments due under the 
                rental-purchase agreement.
    ``(e) Termination.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
prohibit the debtor from terminating a rental-purchase agreement.
    ``(f) Post-Discharge Exercise of Lessor-Seller's Rights 
Prohibited.--Any attempt to exercise the rights of a lessor-seller 
under a rental-purchase agreement or applicable nonbankruptcy law after 
the issuance of a discharge under section 1031 shall be deemed to be a 
violation of section 524(a).
``Sec. 1008. Obtaining credit
    ``(a) Definition of Credit.--In this section, the term `credit' has 
the meaning given the term in section 103 of the Truth in Lending Act 
(15 U.S.C. 1602).
    ``(b) Obtaining Credit.--
            ``(1) In general.--The debtor in a case under this chapter 
        may not obtain credit outside the ordinary course of the 
        affairs of the debtor without prior authorization by the court.
            ``(2) Court approval.--After notice and a hearing, the 
        court may authorize the debtor to obtain credit under paragraph 
        (1) or incur debt only if it is in the best interests of the 
        debtor.
            ``(3) Voiding of other post-petition credit incurred.--Any 
        credit obtained or debt incurred by a debtor not in accordance 
        with this subsection is void.
            ``(4) Credit rate limit.--In no event may the court 
        authorize the debtor to obtain credit with an annual percentage 
        rate that exceeds the annual percentage rate described in 
        section 987(b) of title 10.
            ``(5) Compliance with nonbankruptcy law.--Credit obtained 
        by a debtor pursuant to this section shall comply with 
        applicable nonbankruptcy law.
    ``(c) Application of Section.--This section shall apply to credit 
obtained by a debtor until the date on which the case is closed under 
section 350.
``Sec. 1009. Stay of action against codebtor
    ``(a) Collection of Debt.--Except as provided in subsections (b) 
and (c) of this section, after the entry of the order for relief under 
this chapter, a creditor may not act or commence or continue any civil 
action to collect all or any part of a consumer debt of the debtor from 
any individual that is liable on the consumer debt with the debtor or 
that secured the consumer debt, unless--
            ``(1) the individual became liable on, or secured, the 
        consumer debt in the ordinary course of business of the 
        individual; or
            ``(2) the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case 
        under chapter 11 or 12 of this title.
    ``(b) Negotiable Instruments.--A creditor may present a negotiable 
instrument, and may give notice of dishonor of such an instrument.
    ``(c) Relief From Stay.--On request of a party in interest and 
after notice and a hearing, the court shall grant relief from the stay 
provided under subsection (a) with respect to a creditor, to the extent 
that--
            ``(1) as between the debtor and the individual protected 
        under subsection (a), the individual received consideration for 
        the claim held by the creditor;
            ``(2) the plan filed by the debtor does not propose to pay 
        the claim; or
            ``(3) the interest of the creditor would be irreparably 
        harmed by a continuation of the stay.
    ``(d) Termination of Stay.--On the date that is 20 days after the 
date on which a party in interest files a request under subsection (c) 
for relief from the stay provided under subsection (a), the stay shall 
be terminated with respect to the party in interest, unless the debtor 
or any individual that is liable on the consumer debt with the debtor 
files and serves upon the party in interest a written objection to the 
proposed relief from the stay.
``Sec. 1010. Interpretive principle
    ``In cases in under this chapter, the provisions of this title 
shall be interpreted liberally in favor of relief for consumer debtors.

                         ``SUBCHAPTER II--PLANS

``Sec. 1021. Filing of plans
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the debtor 
may file--
            ``(1) a repayment plan that solely provides for the 
        treatment of unsecured claims;
            ``(2) a residence plan that solely provides for the 
        treatment of claims secured by the debtor's principal 
        residence; or
            ``(3) a property plan that solely provides for the 
        treatment of claims secured by property that is not the 
        debtor's principal residence.
    ``(b) Debtors With No Minimum Payment Obligation.--
            ``(1) In general.--A debtor that has a minimum payment 
        obligation of $0 shall receive a discharge under section 1031 
        without filing a plan if the debtor is otherwise eligible to 
        receive a discharge under this chapter.
            ``(2) Optional plans.--A debtor that has no minimum payment 
        obligation may elect to file 1 or more plans under subsection 
        (a).
    ``(c) Multiple Plans.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) More than 1 plan.--Subject to subparagraph 
                (B), the debtor may file 1 or more plans.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--If the court confirms a 
                repayment plan of a debtor, the debtor may not file an 
                additional repayment plan in a case under this chapter.
            ``(2) Separate treatment.--Except as provided in section 
        1023(c), each plan shall be treated separately for purposes of 
        confirmation, discharge, and revocation of an order of 
        confirmation or discharge.
    ``(d) Involuntary Cases.--In a case commenced under section 303--
            ``(1) a petitioning creditor may file only a repayment plan 
        under which the minimum payment obligation of the debtor shall 
        be calculated to exclude any amounts required by clause (ii) of 
        section 101(54)(B);
            ``(2) the debtor may file a repayment plan, which shall 
        supersede any repayment plan filed under paragraph (1); and
            ``(3) if more than 1 petitioning creditor files a repayment 
        plan under paragraph (1) and the debtor does not file a 
        repayment plan under paragraph (2), the court shall confirm the 
        repayment plan that is in the best interest of creditors.
    ``(e) Filing Deadline.--The debtor shall promptly file a plan 
within such period of time as permitted in a rule prescribed the 
Judicial Conference of the United States, except that the court may 
extend such time period for cause.
``Sec. 1022. Contents of plans
    ``(a) Repayment Plans.--
            ``(1) In general.--A repayment plan--
                    ``(A) shall provide that--
                            ``(i) the debtor shall satisfy the minimum 
                        payment obligation by--
                                    ``(I) making deferred cash 
                                payments; or
                                    ``(II) upon request of the trustee, 
                                and subject to paragraph (2), tendering 
                                to the trustee all property of the 
                                estate that is not exempt under section 
                                522 not later than 30 days after the 
                                date on which the court confirms the 
                                plan, unless the court orders a later 
                                date;
                            ``(ii) any payments under the repayment 
                        plan occur during a period not to exceed 36 
                        months from the date on which the first payment 
                        is due under a repayment plan under section 
                        1025(b)(1); and
                            ``(iii) any payment under a repayment plan, 
                        other than the final payment, shall be in an 
                        amount that is not less than the payments 
                        required for 36 equal monthly installments, 
                        unless the court orders otherwise for cause, 
                        which may include the irregular or seasonal 
                        nature of the debtor's income; and
                    ``(B) may--
                            ``(i) pursuant to section 365, provide for 
                        the assumption, rejection, or assignment of any 
                        executory contract or unexpired lease of the 
                        debtor that has not previously been assumed or 
                        rejected under that section;
                            ``(ii) provide for the payment in full, in 
                        deferred cash payments, over the duration of 
                        the repayment plan, of any claim based on a 
                        debt of a kind described in section 523 if the 
                        plan also provides for the payment in full, in 
                        deferred cash payments, of all claims entitled 
                        to priority under section 507, other than the 
                        claim of a holder that is based on a debt 
                        described in section 507 that agrees to a 
                        different treatment of that claim;
                            ``(iii) provide for the exercise of any 
                        other power of the debtor or the trustee under 
                        this title;
                            ``(iv) provide for an order garnishing the 
                        earnings of the debtor or ordering the 
                        authorization of electronic fund transfers from 
                        a deposit account of the debtor during the 
                        duration of the repayment plan; and
                            ``(v) include any other appropriate 
                        provision not inconsistent with this title.
            ``(2) Request for tender by trustee.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The trustee shall request the 
                tender of property of the estate that is not exempt 
                under section 522 only if the liquidation of such 
                property would be reasonably likely to produce a 
                meaningful distribution to creditors.
                    ``(B) Installment redemption as an alternative to 
                tender.--In lieu of tendering nonexempt property of the 
                estate under paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II), the debtor may 
                elect to pay to the trustee under the repayment plan an 
                amount equal to the value of the interest of the debtor 
                in such property that is in excess of the sum of--
                            ``(i) any allowed secured claims that are 
                        secured by that property; and
                            ``(ii) any exemption applicable under 
                        section 522(b).
                    ``(C) Execution of documents to perfect or record 
                security interest.--To satisfy the debtor's obligation 
                under paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II) and under this paragraph, 
                the plan must provide that the debtor will execute any 
                documents and cooperate with the trustee as necessary 
                to perfect or record the security interest created by 
                section 1028(i).
    ``(b) Residence Plans.--A residence plan may--
            ``(1) modify or leave unaffected the rights of a holder of 
        a claim secured by the debtor's principal residence;
            ``(2) provide for the waiving or curing within a reasonable 
        time of any default on any claim secured by the debtor's 
        principal residence in accordance with subsection (d);
            ``(3) provide for payment of any allowed secured claim 
        secured by the debtor's principal residence;
            ``(4) authorize the debtor to sell any property that is the 
        debtor's principal residence free and clear of any liens not 
        earlier than 60 days and not later than 180 days after the date 
        of confirmation if the plan provides that--
                    ``(A) the debtor shall tender the property that is 
                the debtor's principal residence to the holder of the 
                first-priority lien, subject to a lien secured by any 
                allowed secured claim of a junior lienholder;
                    ``(B) upon acceptance of the tender described in 
                subparagraph (A), the debtor shall transfer the 
                debtor's principal residence to the holder of the 
                first-priority lien not later than 14 days after 
                acceptance of the tender; and
                    ``(C) if there is not a timely acceptance of the 
                tender of the principal residence--
                            ``(i) a sale free and clear of liens of the 
                        debtor's principal residence shall be conducted 
                        in a commercially reasonable manner; and
                            ``(ii) after deducting the costs of the 
                        sale, any liens against the debtor's principal 
                        residence shall attach to the proceeds of the 
                        sale;
            ``(5) provide for an order garnishing the earnings of the 
        debtor or authorizing electronic fund transfers from a deposit 
        account of the debtor during the duration of the residence 
        plan, but only to the extent necessary to cure any default on a 
        claim secured by the debtor's principal residence in accordance 
        with subsection (d); and
            ``(6) include any other appropriate provision not 
        inconsistent with this title.
    ``(c) Property Plans.--A property plan may--
            ``(1) modify or leave unaffected the rights of holders of 
        claims secured by the property, other than property that is the 
        debtor's principal residence;
            ``(2) provide for the curing or waiving within a reasonable 
        time of any default on any claim secured by the property of the 
        debtor that is not the debtor's principal residence in 
        accordance with subsection (d)(2);
            ``(3) provide for payment of any allowed secured claim 
        secured by the property of the debtor that is not the debtor's 
        principal residence;
            ``(4) subject to section 522(e), treat as the holder of a 
        secured claim--
                    ``(A) the seller or assignee of an installment 
                sales contract for personal property or the equivalent 
                of such a contract;
                    ``(B) the lessor of a lease of personal property, 
                the term of which extends beyond the remaining economic 
                life of the property; or
                    ``(C) a party to an agreement, irrespective of 
                form, that is a security interest in personal property 
                under applicable nonbankruptcy law;
            ``(5) provide for an order garnishing the earnings of the 
        debtor or ordering the authorization of electronic fund 
        transfers from a deposit account of the debtor during the 
        duration of the property plan; and
            ``(6) include any other appropriate provision not 
        inconsistent with this title.
    ``(d) Cure of Default.--
            ``(1) Principal residence.--Notwithstanding any applicable 
        nonbankruptcy law, a default with respect to, or that gives 
        rise to, a lien on the property that is the debtor's principal 
        residence may be cured by a residence plan under subsection (b) 
        until the debtor ceases to have rights, including a right of 
        redemption, in the property.
            ``(2) Amount to cure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 506(b), 
                if a repayment plan, a residence plan, or a property 
                plan provides for the curing of a default, the amount 
                necessary to cure the default shall be determined in 
                accordance with the underlying agreement and applicable 
                nonbankruptcy law.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--The cure of a default under 
                subparagraph (A) may not require--
                            ``(i) interest on arrearages; or
                            ``(ii) the payment of any penalty rate, 
                        late fee, or payment required under a penalty 
                        provision or a similar provision.
``Sec. 1023. Plan confirmation hearing
    ``(a) In General.--If the trustee, the United States trustee, or a 
creditor objects to confirmation of a plan filed under section 1021, 
the court shall hold a hearing on confirmation of the plan within such 
period of time as permitted in a rule prescribed the Judicial 
Conference of the United States, except that the court may extend such 
time period for cause.
    ``(b) Confirmation Without Hearing.--If no objection is raised, the 
court shall, upon notice, promptly confirm a plan that complies with 
section 1024(a) without a hearing.
    ``(c) Multiple Plans.--If the debtor files more than 1 plan under 
section 1021, the court shall hold a single hearing on confirmation on 
all of the plans, unless--
            ``(1) the court orders otherwise for cause; or
            ``(2) no hearing is required under subsection (b).
``Sec. 1024. Confirmation of plans
    ``(a) Plan Requirements.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), 
the court shall confirm a plan under this section if all of the 
following requirements are met:
            ``(1) The plan complies with the applicable provisions of 
        this title, other than section 1022(a)(1).
            ``(2) Any fee, charge, or amount that is required to be 
        paid before confirmation under chapter 123 of title 28 or the 
        plan has been paid.
            ``(3) The plan has not been proposed--
                    ``(A) in bad faith, which may not be demonstrated 
                solely by the amount of payments proposed by the debtor 
                under a repayment plan; or
                    ``(B) by any means forbidden by law.
            ``(4) The debtor is likely to be able to make all payments 
        under the plan and to comply with the plan.
            ``(5) In the case of a debtor that is required by a 
        judicial or administrative order or by a statute to pay a 
        domestic support obligation, the debtor has paid all amounts 
        required by such domestic support obligation that first became 
        payable after the date of the filing of the petition.
    ``(b) Objection to Repayment Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), if the trustee 
        or the holder of an allowed unsecured claim objects to a 
        repayment plan that complies with subsection (a), the court 
        shall confirm the repayment plan only if the plan satisfies the 
        requirements of section 1022(a)(1).
            ``(2) Reduced minimum payment obligation.--If the court 
        finds that the debtor is unable to pay the full minimum payment 
        obligation due to reasonably necessary expenses, including 
        medical expenses, child care expenses, high local housing 
        costs, special education needs, expenses for the care of an 
        elderly, chronically ill, or disabled household member or 
        member of the debtor's family, child or spousal support, or 
        business or employment-related expenses, the court shall 
        confirm a plan with an appropriately reduced minimum payment 
        obligation that reflects the debtor's ability to repay.
    ``(c) Objection to Residence Plan.--If the holder of an allowed 
secured claim secured by the debtor's principal residence objects to 
the confirmation of a residence plan, the court shall confirm the 
residence plan only if, for any such allowed secured claim of which the 
holder has objected to the confirmation, the residence plan provides 
that--
            ``(1) the holder retains the lien securing the claim;
            ``(2) the value, as of the effective date of the residence 
        plan, of the payments to be distributed under the residence 
        plan on account of the claim is not less than the allowed 
        amount of the secured claim;
            ``(3) payments on all claims under the residence plan are 
        in equal monthly amounts, other than payments to cure a default 
        under section 1022(a)(2)(B);
            ``(4) except as provided in paragraph (5), default under 
        the residence plan constitutes default under any security 
        agreement that creates a security interest in the debtor's 
        principal residence;
            ``(5) the debtor will be in default for a late payment 
        under the plan and any security agreement that creates a 
        security interest in the debtor's principal residence only if 
        the debtor is more than 120-days delinquent on any payment 
        under the residence plan;
            ``(6) the holders of any judicial lien or statutory lien 
        created before the order for relief cannot exercise any 
        remedies under applicable nonbankruptcy law, unless the debtor 
        is 120-days delinquent on any payment under the residence plan;
            ``(7) the last payment on account of the secured claim is 
        due on a date that is not later than the later of--
                    ``(A) 15 years after the date of confirmation of 
                the residence plan; or
                    ``(B) 5 years after the original maturity date of 
                the loan relating to the claim; and
            ``(8) the debt secured by the debtor's principal residence 
        that is dealt with by the residence plan has not been 
        previously provided for by a residence plan that was--
                    ``(A) confirmed on a date that is not more than 6 
                years before the date of the filing of the petition; 
                and
                    ``(B) completed.
    ``(d) Objection to Property Plan.--If the holder of an allowed 
secured claim that is secured by property that is not the debtor's 
principal residence objects to the confirmation of a property plan, the 
court shall confirm the property plan only if--
            ``(1) the property plan provides that--
                    ``(A) the holder of the claim retains the lien 
                securing the allowed secured claim;
                    ``(B) the value, as of the effective date of the 
                property plan, of the property to be distributed under 
                the property plan on account of the claim is not less 
                than the amount of the allowed secured claim, unless--
                            ``(i) the property securing the claim is a 
                        motor vehicle that was acquired by the debtor 
                        within the 90-day period immediately preceding 
                        the date of the filing of the petition; and
                            ``(ii) the lien securing the claim is a 
                        purchase-money security interest;
                    ``(C) the value, as of the effective date of the 
                property plan, of property to be distributed on account 
                of a claim described in clauses (i) and (ii) of 
                subparagraph (B) is not less than the allowed amount of 
                the claim, as calculated under section 502;
                    ``(D) payments on all claims under the property 
                plan are in equal monthly amounts;
                    ``(E) except as provided in subparagraph (F), 
                default under the property plan constitutes default 
                under any security agreement that creates a security 
                interest in the property subject to the property plan;
                    ``(F) the debtor is in default for a late payment 
                under the plan and any security agreement that creates 
                a security interest in the property subject to the 
                property plan only if the debtor is not less than 90 
                days delinquent on payment to the holder of the 
                security interest under the property plan;
                    ``(G) the property plan provides that the holder of 
                a judicial lien or statutory lien created before the 
                date of the order for relief cannot exercise any 
                remedies relating to the judicial lien or statutory 
                lien under applicable nonbankruptcy law, unless the 
                debtor is not less than 90 days delinquent on any 
                payment to the lienholder under the property plan;
                    ``(H) the last payment due under the property plan 
                is due on a date that is not later than the later of--
                            ``(i) 5 years after the date of 
                        confirmation of the property plan; or
                            ``(ii) the original maturity date of loan; 
                        and
                    ``(I) the debt secured by the property that is 
                dealt with by the property plan has not been previously 
                provided for by a property plan that was--
                            ``(i) confirmed on a date that is not more 
                        than 6 years before the date of the filing of 
                        the petition; and
                            ``(ii) completed;
            ``(2) if the property securing the claim of the objecting 
        holder is a motor vehicle--
                    ``(A) the debtor has provided the holder of any 
                security interest in the motor vehicle with reasonable 
                evidence of the maintenance of any required insurance 
                coverage on the motor vehicle securing the claim 
                sufficient to protect the interest of the holder in the 
                motor vehicle; and
                    ``(B) the motor vehicle is--
                            ``(i) used regularly as a means of 
                        transportation for the debtor or a dependent of 
                        the debtor; or
                            ``(ii) used by the debtor or a dependent of 
                        the debtor in business; and
            ``(3) if the property securing the claim of the objecting 
        holder is not a motor vehicle--
                    ``(A) the property is reasonably necessary for the 
                support or maintenance of the debtor or a dependent of 
                the debtor; or
                    ``(B) the property is reasonably necessary for the 
                continuation, preservation, and operation of a business 
                owned or operated by the debtor or a dependent of the 
                debtor.
    ``(e) Impairment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The holder of an allowed secured claim 
        that is not impaired under a plan may not object to a residence 
        plan under subsection (c) or a property plan under subsection 
        (d).
            ``(2) Determination.--For the purpose of this subsection, 
        impairment shall be determined under section 1124.
    ``(f) Denial of Motion.--
            ``(1) In general.--A denial of a motion to confirm a plan 
        shall constitute a final, appealable order.
            ``(2) Plan modification.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed to prevent a debtor from proposing to modify a plan 
        that has been denied confirmation.
    ``(g) Multiple Plans.--If the debtor has filed multiple plans, any 
party in interest may request that the confirmation of any plan be 
stayed until the date on which the court confirms or denies any other 
plan.
    ``(h) Interest Rate.--The rate of interest that shall be used to 
calculate the value of property distributed under a plan, as of the 
effective date of the plan, shall be--
            ``(1) for the purpose of subsection (c)(2)--
                    ``(A) in the case of a first priority lien, the 
                current average prime offer rate (as defined in section 
                1026.35(a)(2) of title 12, Code of Federal Regulations) 
                for a loan of the most similar duration and rate type; 
                and
                    ``(B) in the case of any other lien, a rate that is 
                300 basis points greater than the current average prime 
                offer rate (as defined in section 1026.35(a)(2) of 
                title 12, Code of Federal Regulations) for a loan of 
                the most similar duration and rate type; and
            ``(2) for the purpose of subsection (d)(2), the current 
        average prime offer rate for motor vehicle financing of the 
        most similar duration and rate type, as determined by the 
        Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection under section 201(e) of 
        the Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2024.
``Sec. 1025. Payments under a repayment plan
    ``(a) Duties of Trustee.--The trustee shall--
            ``(1) collect and be accountable for any future income of 
        the debtor that is designated for a payment to a creditor under 
        a repayment plan;
            ``(2) accept and be accountable for any property of the 
        estate tendered by the debtor pursuant to a repayment plan 
        under section 1022(a)(1)(A)(i)(II); and
            ``(3) reduce to money and be accountable for any property 
        of the estate tendered by the debtor under the repayment plan 
        as expeditiously as is compatible with the best interests of 
        the parties in interest.
    ``(b) Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by section 1027 and 
        unless the court orders otherwise, not later than 30 days after 
        the date of the order for relief under this chapter, the debtor 
        shall--
                    ``(A) commence making payments in the amount 
                proposed to be made under a repayment plan; and
                    ``(B) tender to the trustee any relevant property 
                of the estate requested by the trustee under section 
                1022(a)(1)(A)(i)(II), unless the debtor has elected 
                under section 1022(a)(2)(B) to pay the trustee for the 
                value of such property under a repayment plan.
            ``(2) Action by trustee.--
                    ``(A) Retention of payments pending plan 
                confirmation.--The trustee shall retain a payment made 
                under paragraph (1) until the date on which the 
                repayment plan is confirmed or denied under section 
                1024.
                    ``(B) Distribution of payments.--If a repayment 
                plan is confirmed under section 1024, the trustee shall 
                distribute any payments retained under subparagraph (A) 
                in accordance with the repayment plan as soon as is 
                practicable.
                    ``(C) Return of payments.--The trustee, after 
                deducting the sum of each allowed administrative 
                expense under section 503(b), shall return to the 
                debtor any payments retained under paragraph (1) if the 
                case is dismissed or converted.
            ``(3) Modification.--Subject to section 363, pending 
        confirmation of a repayment plan, the court, after notice and a 
        hearing, may for cause modify, increase, or reduce the payments 
        required under this subsection.
    ``(c) Payments to Creditors.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in the 
        repayment plan or in the order confirming the repayment plan, 
        after confirmation of the plan, the trustee shall make payments 
        to creditors under the repayment plan.
            ``(2) Prohibition.--Except as provided in subsection (d), 
        the trustee may not make a payment described in section 
        1022(a)(1)(B)(ii) under a repayment plan until the date on 
        which the trustee makes every payment on all claims entitled to 
        priority under section 507, other than a claim that is based on 
        a debt described in section 507, the holder of which agrees to 
        a different treatment of such claim.
    ``(d) Priority of Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), all 
        payments made by the trustee under this section shall be 
        disbursed according to the order of priority in section 726.
            ``(2) Administrative expenses and fees.--Before or at the 
        time of each payment to a creditor under a repayment plan, the 
        trustee shall pay any unpaid claim of a kind specified in 
        section 507(a)(2).
            ``(3) Exceptions.--In disbursing payments under this 
        section, the trustee shall, at the time of each disbursement, 
        pay--
                    ``(A) any unpaid claim of the kind described in 
                section 507(a)(2); and
                    ``(B) if a standing trustee appointed under section 
                586(b) of title 28 is serving in the case, the 
                percentage fee fixed for the standing trustee under 
                section 586(e) of title 28.
            ``(4) Property recovered in avoidance actions.--Subject to 
        any exemption allowed under section 522, the trustee shall 
        disburse any property the trustee recovers under section 550 in 
        accordance with this subsection.
    ``(e) Enforcement of Obligations of Debtor.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the 
        obligations of a debtor under a repayment plan may be enforced 
        solely by the trustee, which may include the enforcement of the 
        security interest created by section 1028(i).
            ``(2) Exception.--The holder of a claim provided for under 
        section 1022(a)(1)(B)(ii) may enforce the debt that is the 
        basis for the claim in accordance with section 1028(b).
            ``(3) 90-day delinquency requirement.--The trustee may not 
        commence any action to enforce an obligation of the debtor 
        under a repayment plan based on a delinquent payment until 
        after the date on which the debtor has been delinquent on the 
        payment for a 90-day period.
            ``(4) Plan enforceable by trustee as a simple contract.--
        Subject to sections 362 and 1029 and paragraph (6) of this 
        subsection, the trustee may enforce an obligation of the debtor 
        under a repayment plan as a simple contract under applicable 
        nonbankruptcy law.
            ``(5) Application of nonbankruptcy law.--Except as provided 
        in section 1029, enforcement of the obligations of a debtor 
        under a repayment plan shall be subject to applicable 
        nonbankruptcy law, including laws relating to the garnishment 
        of the wages of the debtor.
            ``(6) Inefficient enforcement prohibited.--The trustee may 
        not enforce the obligations of the debtor under a repayment 
        plan if such enforcement would not produce a meaningful 
        distribution to creditors.
            ``(7) Trustee recovery of fees and costs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The trustee may recover from the 
                debtor the reasonable attorneys' fees and costs of 
                enforcing the debtor's obligation under a repayment 
                plan in an amount equal to not more than 2 times the 
                minimum payment obligation under the plan.
                    ``(B) Debtor's liability.--The debtor's liability 
                for the fees and costs described in subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) shall be in addition to the minimum 
                        payment obligation; and
                            ``(ii) may be awarded to the trustee 
                        notwithstanding any previous compensation to 
                        which the trustee might be entitled under 
                        section 330.
            ``(8) Statute of limitations for trustee enforcement.--An 
        action by the trustee to enforce an obligation of the debtor 
        under a repayment plan may not be commenced on a date that is 
        more than 2 years after the earliest date on which the trustee 
        may bring an action under paragraph (3).
            ``(9) Trustee's rights nonassignable.--Any assignment, 
        factoring, or transferring of rights or amounts a debtor owes 
        to a trustee under a repayment plan, or of rights or authority 
        to collect any such amounts, is void.
``Sec. 1026. Payments under a residence plan or property plan
    ``(a) In General.--Payments under a residence plan or a property 
plan shall be made by the debtor in accordance with the plan.
    ``(b) Cure of Default.--
            ``(1) In general.--If a residence plan or property plan 
        proposes to cure a default on a claim secured by property of 
        the debtor, the debtor may, upon completion of the cure 
        payments due under the plan, send a certification to the holder 
        of such claim that the debtor paid in full the amount to cure 
        any default on the claim using a form prescribed by the 
        Judicial Conference of the United States.
            ``(2) Final cure order.--The court, on request of the 
        debtor and in accordance with applicable Federal Rules of 
        Bankruptcy Procedure, shall determine whether the debtor has 
        cured the default and paid all required post-petition amounts.
``Sec. 1027. Protection of lessors and purchase money lenders
    ``(a) Lease Payments.--The debtor shall timely make any payments 
scheduled in a lease of personal property directly to the lessor for 
the portion of the obligation that becomes due after the date of the 
order for relief under this chapter, unless--
            ``(1) the court orders otherwise;
            ``(2) the debtor rejects a lease of personal property under 
        section 365(a); or
            ``(3) the debtor assumes a lease of personal property under 
        section 365(p)(1)(B).
    ``(b) Insurance Coverage.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
the order for relief under this chapter, a debtor who has proposed a 
plan that retains possession of personal property subject to a lease a 
purchase money security interest shall--
            ``(1) provide the lessor or holder of the claim reasonable 
        evidence of the maintenance of any insurance coverage required 
        under the lease or purchase money security agreement with 
        respect to the use or ownership of the property; and
            ``(2) continue to provide the reasonable evidence required 
        under paragraph (1) for as long as the debtor retains 
        possession of the property before the date of confirmation of a 
        plan addressing the property.
``Sec. 1028. Effect of confirmation
    ``(a) Binding Effect.--The provisions of a confirmed plan bind the 
debtor and each creditor of a claim for which the plan provides, 
regardless of whether the creditor has objected to the plan.
    ``(b) Repayment Plan Injunction.--Confirmation of a repayment plan 
shall operate as an injunction against the commencement or continuation 
of an action, the employment of process, or an act to collect, recover, 
or offset any debt excepted from discharge under section 523(a) and 
treated under section 1022(a)(1)(B)(ii) until--
            ``(1) the date on which the debtor completes all payments 
        due under the plan; or
            ``(2) the debtor is not less than 90 days delinquent on a 
        payment required under a repayment plan.
    ``(c) Residence Plan Injunction.--Except as provided in subsection 
(e), confirmation of a residence plan shall operate as an injunction 
against the commencement or continuation of an action, the employment 
of process, or an act, to collect, recover, or offset any debt treated 
under section 1022(b)(2) or property securing such debt as long as the 
debtor is not more than 120 days delinquent on a payment required under 
a residence plan.
    ``(d) Property Plan Injunction.--Except as provided in subsection 
(e), confirmation of a property plan shall operate as an injunction 
against the commencement or continuation of an action, the employment 
of process, or an act, to collect, recover, or offset any debt treated 
under section 1022(c)(2) or property securing such debt as long as the 
debtor is not more than 90 days delinquent on a payment required under 
a property plan.
    ``(e) Request for Relief From Injunction.--
            ``(1) In general.--A party in interest may request from the 
        court relief from the operation of an injunction under 
        subsection (c) or (d).
            ``(2) Granting of relief.--The court shall grant relief 
        requested under paragraph (1) for cause.
    ``(f) Vesting of Property.--Except as otherwise provided in a plan 
or the order confirming the plan, the confirmation of a plan vests all 
of the property of the estate in the debtor.
    ``(g) Free and Clear.--Except as otherwise provided in a plan or in 
the order confirming the plan, the property vesting in the debtor under 
subsection (f) is free and clear of any claim or interest of any 
creditor holding a claim provided for by the plan.
    ``(h) Secured Claims.--Except as provided by section 1031, the 
confirmation of a repayment plan leaves unaltered the rights of the 
holder of a secured claim that has not been avoided under this title.
    ``(i) Security Interest Created To Secure Repayment Plan 
Obligation.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Effect of confirmation.--Except as provided 
                by subparagraph (C), the confirmation of a repayment 
                plan shall create a security interest, which shall be 
                deemed to have arisen by agreement, in favor of the 
                trustee on any nonexempt property of the estate 
                retained by the debtor.
                    ``(B) Function.--The security interest described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall secure payment of the amount the 
                court determines the debtor must pay to satisfy the 
                requirement of section 1025(b).
                    ``(C) Exception.--If a debtor is not required to 
                make payments under section 1025(b), the security 
                interest in subparagraph (A) shall not arise.
            ``(2) Record of security interest.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The trustee may perfect or 
                record the security interest described in paragraph 
                (1)(A) in the manner directed by applicable 
                nonbankruptcy law for perfecting a security interest in 
                the type of property subject to the trustee's security 
                interest.
                    ``(B) Fee.--The trustee shall pay any customary fee 
                charged under applicable nonbankruptcy law for 
                perfection or recordation of the security interest 
                described in paragraph (1)(A).
                    ``(C) Tax exemption.--The trustee and any other 
                entity shall be exempt from any recordation tax, 
                transfer tax, or other similar tax that would otherwise 
                accrue to the trustee or any other entity because of 
                perfection or recordation of a security interest under 
                this section, and the failure to pay any such tax shall 
                not be grounds for any filing office or officer to 
                refuse to accept a filing from a trustee seeking to 
                perfect a security interest under this section.
                    ``(D) No liability.--The trustee shall incur no 
                liability to creditors or the estate for failure to 
                perfect or record a security interest described in 
                paragraph (1)(A) if the trustee had a reasonable and 
                good faith belief that the costs of perfection or 
                recordation exceeded the benefits.
                    ``(E) Perfection by possession.--The trustee may 
                not perfect the security interest created by this 
                section by taking possession of the property unless the 
                debtor consents in writing.
                    ``(F) Termination.--Within a reasonable time after 
                satisfaction of the minimum payment obligation, the 
                trustee shall terminate any perfection or recordation 
                of a security interest described in paragraph (1)(A) in 
                the manner directed by applicable nonbankruptcy law for 
                terminating the perfection or recordation of a security 
                interest in the type of property subject to the 
                trustee's security interest.
            ``(3) Priority of security interest.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The security interest described 
                in paragraph (1)(A) shall have priority as determined 
                by applicable nonbankruptcy law that governs security 
                interests in the type of property subject to the 
                trustee's security interest.
                    ``(B) Deeming of value given.--With respect to the 
                security interest described in paragraph (1)(A), for 
                purposes of priority under the applicable nonbankruptcy 
                law, the trustee shall be deemed to have given value 
                under a simple contract and in good faith as of the 
                moment of confirmation.
                    ``(C) Domestic support obligations.--
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), a security interest 
                created under paragraph (1)(A) shall be subordinate to 
                any lien that secures payment of a domestic support 
                obligation.
            ``(4) Sale of property.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If the debtor sells property 
                covered by the security interest created under 
                paragraph (1)(A), the buyer takes free of the security 
                interest only if the debtor tenders to the trustee the 
                sales proceeds after costs of sale and satisfaction of 
                liens superior to the security interest created by the 
                security interest.
                    ``(B) Surplus.--If the proceeds of sale tendered to 
                the trustee in accordance with subparagraph (A) exceed 
                the minimum payment obligation, the trustee shall 
                return the surplus to the debtor.
            ``(5) Enforcement of security interest.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If the debtor is delinquent on 
                the repayment plan under section 1025(e)(3), the 
                trustee may request that the court order the debtor to 
                turn over any property covered by the security interest 
                created under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Granting of request.--The court shall grant 
                the trustee's request for turnover under subparagraph 
                (A) unless--
                            ``(i) the delinquency is because of 
                        circumstances that the debtor could not 
                        reasonably avoid; and
                            ``(ii) the debtor shows there is a 
                        reasonable probability of curing the 
                        delinquency within a reasonable time.
                    ``(C) Sale of property.--After the debtor turns 
                over property under this paragraph, the trustee shall--
                            ``(i) sell the property;
                            ``(ii) after deducting costs of the sale, 
                        satisfying liens superior to the security 
                        interest created by paragraph (1)(A), and 
                        satisfying any compensation owed the trustee, 
                        apply the sales proceeds to payment of the 
                        minimum payment obligation; and
                            ``(iii) return any surplus from the sale 
                        above the minimum payment obligation to the 
                        debtor.
                    ``(D) Instrument to transfer.--After a sale in 
                accordance with this paragraph, the debtor or the 
                trustee is authorized to execute, on the debtor's or 
                the trustee's behalf, as the case may be, any 
                instrument necessary or ordered by the court to 
                effectuate the transfer to the purchaser.
    ``(j) Effect of Residence or Property Plan.--Except to the extent 
inconsistent with the plan or the provisions of this title, 
confirmation of a residence plan or a property plan leaves unaltered 
the rights of the parties under any agreement that is the basis for a 
claim secured by property provided for by the plan.
    ``(k) Certain Contract Provisions Void.--
            ``(1) Ipso facto clauses void.--The confirmation of a plan 
        voids any provision in a contract provided for by the plan that 
        is conditioned on--
                    ``(A) the insolvency or financial condition of the 
                debtor at any time before the closing of a case;
                    ``(B) the commencement of a case under this title; 
                or
                    ``(C) the appointment of, or taking of possession 
                by, a trustee in a case under this title or a custodian 
                before a case is commenced under this title.
            ``(2) Arbitration and joint-action provisions void.--
        Notwithstanding any contrary provision of nonbankruptcy law, 
        the confirmation of a plan voids any pre-dispute arbitration 
        agreement or pre-dispute joint-action lawsuit waiver relating 
        to property subject to the plan.
    ``(l) Jurisdiction To Resolve Disputes.--Upon confirmation of a 
plan, the court shall retain jurisdiction to resolve any disputes 
arising under, or relating to, the plan and may order any appropriate 
relief in such a dispute, including the suspension of the payment 
obligations of the debtor under the plan.
``Sec. 1029. Modification of repayment plan
    ``(a) In General.--After notice and a hearing, the court may, for 
cause, modify an obligation of the debtor under a repayment plan based 
on a material change in the financial condition of the debtor that--
            ``(1) occurs after the date of the confirmation of the 
        repayment plan; and
            ``(2) would impose a substantial burden on the debtor or a 
        dependent of the debtor.
    ``(b) Unanticipated Attorney's Fees.--If the debtor incurs 
unanticipated attorney's fees for services provided subsequent to 
confirmation of a repayment plan, including for services relating to 
this section, after notice and a hearing, the court may, for cause--
            ``(1) subject to section 502(b)(3), allow the debtor to 
        modify the repayment plan to include treatment of such 
        attorney's fees; and
            ``(2) permit the debtor to extend the term of a repayment 
        plan by up to 6 months to facilitate treatment of such 
        attorney's fees.

                      ``SUBCHAPTER III--DISCHARGE

``Sec. 1031. Discharge; scope and timing
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the court shall grant 
the debtor a discharge in accordance with subsection (c) as soon as is 
practicable after--
            ``(1) the date of confirmation of a repayment plan; or
            ``(2) in the case of a debtor that has no minimum payment 
        obligation, the date on which the deadline for filing a 
        repayment plan under section 1021(e) expires.
    ``(b) Exceptions.--The court may not grant a discharge under 
subsection (a) to a debtor who has--
            ``(1) been granted a discharge under this section, under 
        section 1141, 1192, 1128, or under section 727 or 1328, as in 
        effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Consumer 
        Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2024, within 6 years of the date of 
        the filing of the petition;
            ``(2) failed to tender the property of the estate that is 
        designated to be tendered under a repayment plan under section 
        1022(a)(1)(A)(i)(II);
            ``(3)(A) executed a written waiver of discharge after the 
        date of the order for relief; and
            ``(B) appeared at a hearing at which the court determined 
        that the debtor adequately understands the terms and 
        consequences of the waiver described in subparagraph (A);
            ``(4) with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud a 
        creditor or an officer of the estate charged with the custody 
        of property under this title, transferred, removed, destroyed, 
        mutilated, concealed, or permitted the transfer, removal, 
        destruction, mutilation, or concealment of--
                    ``(A) property of the debtor within 1 year of the 
                date of the filing of the petition; or
                    ``(B) property of the estate after the date of the 
                filing of the petition;
            ``(5) concealed, destroyed, mutilated, falsified, or failed 
        to keep or preserve any recorded information from which the 
        financial condition or business transactions of the debtor 
        might have been ascertained, unless such act or failure was 
        justified under all of the circumstances of the case;
            ``(6) knowingly and fraudulently, in the case or in 
        connection with the case--
                    ``(A) made a false oath or account;
                    ``(B) presented or used a false claim;
                    ``(C) gave, offered, received, or attempted to 
                obtain money, property, or advantage, or a promise of 
                money, property, or advantage, for acting or forbearing 
                to act; or
                    ``(D) withheld from the trustee any recorded 
                information, including books, documents, records, and 
                papers, relating to the property or financial affairs 
                of the debtor;
            ``(7) failed to satisfactorily explain, before the 
        determination of denial of discharge under this paragraph, any 
        loss of assets or deficiency of assets to meet the liabilities 
        of the debtor; or
            ``(8) refused in the case--
                    ``(A) to obey any lawful order of the court, other 
                than an order to respond to a material question or to 
                testify;
                    ``(B) on the ground of privilege against self-
                incrimination, to respond to a material question 
                approved by the court or to testify after the debtor 
                has been granted immunity with respect to the matter 
                concerning which the privilege was invoked; or
                    ``(C) on a ground other than a properly invoked 
                privilege against self-incrimination, to respond to a 
                material question approved by the court or to testify.
    ``(c) Debts Discharged.--Except as provided in section 523, a 
discharge under subsection (a) discharges the debtor from all debts 
that arose before the date of the order for relief under this chapter 
and any liability on a claim that is determined under section 502 as if 
such debt or claim had arisen before the commencement of the case, 
whether or not--
            ``(1) a proof of claim based on any such debt or liability 
        is filed under section 501; or
            ``(2) a claim based on any such debt or liability is 
        allowed under section 502.
    ``(d) Notice of Debtor's Rights.--Upon granting a discharge under 
subsection (a), the court shall include in the discharge order provided 
to the debtor on a form prescribed by the Judicial Conference of the 
United States in accordance with rule 9009 of the Federal Rules of 
Bankruptcy Procedure a conspicuous notice of--
            ``(1) the right to bring an action for contempt or a civil 
        action under section 524(c); and
            ``(2) the existence of other Federal or State laws that may 
        provide additional remedies to the debtor in the event a person 
        violates section 524.
    ``(e) Scope of Discharge With Respect to Taxes.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), if the debtor 
        pays through a repayment plan all tax debts entitled to 
        priority under section 507(a)(8), the discharge under 
        subsection (a) shall apply to all debts described in section 
        523(a)(1).
            ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a debt 
        incurred through fraud.
``Sec. 1032. Revocation of discharge or order of confirmation
    ``(a) In General.--On request of the trustee, a creditor, or the 
United States trustee, at any time within 1 year after the date of the 
entry of an order of confirmation under section 1024 or an order of 
discharge under section 1031, and after notice and a hearing, the court 
may revoke such order only if--
            ``(1) such confirmation or discharge was obtained through 
        the fraud of the debtor and the requesting party did not know 
        of such fraud until after the granting of such confirmation or 
        discharge; or
            ``(2) the debtor has refused, in the case--
                    ``(A) to obey any lawful order of the court, other 
                than an order to respond to a material question or to 
                testify;
                    ``(B) on the ground of privilege against self-
                incrimination, to respond to a material question 
                approved by the court or to testify, after the debtor 
                has been granted immunity with respect to the matter 
                concerning which such privilege was invoked; or
                    ``(C) on a ground other than the properly invoked 
                privilege against self-incrimination, to respond to a 
                material question approved by the court or to testify.
    ``(b) Disposal of Case.--If the court revokes an order of 
confirmation or an order of discharge under subsection (a), the court 
shall convert or dismiss the case under section 1005.

                   ``SUBCHAPTER IV--AVOIDANCE ACTIONS

``Sec. 1041. Treatment of certain liens
    ``The trustee may avoid a lien that secures a claim of a kind 
described in section 726(a)(4).
``Sec. 1042. Limitations on avoidance actions
    ``The trustee may not bring an action to avoid a transfer or 
obligation under section 544, 545, 547, 548, 553, or 1041, unless there 
are allowed unsecured claims against the estate that the debtor does 
not propose to pay in full under a repayment plan.

                  ``SUBCHAPTER V--LIMITED PROCEEDINGS

``Sec. 1051. Election of limited proceeding
    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Election of limited proceeding.--In a case commenced 
        under section 301 or 302, a debtor that is eligible to file 
        under this chapter may, as part of the petition for relief, 
        elect to conduct a limited proceeding that affects only claims 
        secured by specific items of the property of the debtor under 
        this subchapter.
            ``(2) General proceeding as default.--If the debtor does 
        not elect to conduct a limited proceeding in a case under this 
        chapter--
                    ``(A) the case shall proceed as a general 
                proceeding under this title; and
                    ``(B) this subchapter shall not apply to the case.
    ``(b) Limitation on Election.--
            ``(1) In general.--After the entry of order for relief, the 
        debtor may not elect to conduct a limited proceeding.
            ``(2) Election after dismissal.--Nothing in this section 
        shall preclude a debtor, subsequent to the dismissal of a case, 
        from--
                    ``(A) filing a petition under section 301 or 302; 
                and
                    ``(B) electing to conduct a limited proceeding 
                under subsection (a).
``Sec. 1052. Effect of limited proceeding
    ``If the debtor elects to conduct a limited proceeding under 
section 1051(a)--
            ``(1) the debtor shall file with the petition a schedule of 
        affected property designating the property to be subject to the 
        limited proceeding that lists any creditor that has an interest 
        in such property;
            ``(2) the property of the estate under section 541 shall be 
        limited to property that the debtor has indicated in the 
        schedule of affected property;
            ``(3) sections 341, 365, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1005(a), 
        1005(b)(4), 1005(b)(7), 1005(c), 1008, 1021(a)(1), 1025, 
        1027(a), 1031, 1032, 1041, and 1042 shall not apply to the 
        case;
            ``(4) subject to any limitations of a trustee under this 
        chapter, the debtor shall have the rights and powers of a 
        trustee under--
                    ``(A) subsections (b), (c), (d), (f), and (l) of 
                section 363; and
                    ``(B) sections 364, 544, 546, 547, 548, 549, and 
                553.
            ``(5) the debtor shall file 1 or more plans under 
        paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1021(a) with respect to 
        property listed in the schedule of affected property within 7 
        days of the order for relief, or such further time as the court 
        may allow for cause, but in no case more than 30 days after the 
        date of the order for relief;
            ``(6) the stay under subsection section 362(a) shall apply 
        only to entities with an interest in the property that the 
        debtor has indicated in the schedule of affected property as 
        intended for treatment under a plan;
            ``(7) the debtor shall not be required to file the items 
        required under section 521(a)(1)(B), other than a statement of 
        current income and current expenditures; and
            ``(8) notice of the order for relief shall not be required 
        to be provided to parties other than parties with claims 
        secured by property that the debtor has indicated in the 
        schedule of affected property and to the United States trustee.
``Sec. 1053. Dismissal or conversion of limited proceedings
    ``(a) Election of Dismissal or Conversion of Limited Proceeding.--
The debtor may elect to dismiss a limited proceeding or convert a 
limited proceeding to a general proceeding under this chapter by filing 
a notice of termination or conversion within 7 days of the earlier of--
            ``(1) the failure of the debtor to timely file a plan 
        required under section 1052(5); or
            ``(2) the failure of the court to confirm a plan within 60 
        days of the date of the order for relief.
    ``(b) Conversion of Limited Proceeding.--If a debtor elects to 
convert a limited proceeding to a general proceeding under this chapter 
under subsection (a)--
            ``(1) the property of the estate shall be determined under 
        section 541, without regard to section 1052(2), as of the date 
        of the notice of conversion;
            ``(2) the stay under section 362(a) shall apply to each 
        entity as of the date of the notice of conversion;
            ``(3) notice of the order for relief shall be provided to 
        each party in interest that was not notified under section 
        1052(8);
            ``(4) any timeline for an action to be taken by the debtor 
        under this title that begins on the date of the order for 
        relief shall be adjusted to begin on the date of the notice of 
        conversion;
            ``(5) except as provided in section 506, with respect to a 
        creditor that has a claim secured by property included in the 
        schedule of affected property filed under section 1052(1), any 
        claims that arose against the debtor after the date of the 
        order for relief and before the date of the notice of 
        conversion shall be deemed to have arisen immediately before 
        the date of the filing of the petition; and
            ``(6) any valuation of property or an allowed secured 
        claim, any determination of a claim allowance, and any other 
        determination made in the course of the limited proceeding may 
        be used in the general proceeding, unless the court for cause 
        orders otherwise.
    ``(c) Dismissal by Court of Limited Proceeding.--At any time, after 
notice and a hearing, the court, on its own motion or on a motion by 
the United States trustee, may dismiss a case that is proceeding as a 
limited proceeding on the grounds that the granting of relief would be 
a manifestly improper use of the bankruptcy system.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters for title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 
9 the following:

``10.  Individual bankruptcy................................    1001''.

SEC. 103. REPEAL OF CHAPTER 13.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 13 of title 11, United States Code, is 
repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters for title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to chapter 13.

SEC. 104. OTHER AMENDMENTS TO THE BANKRUPTCY CODE.

    (a) Definitions.--
            (1) In general.--Section 101 of title 11 United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (3), (4A), (10A), (12A), 
                and (30);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (53B), (53C), 
                (56A), (53D), (54), (54A), and (55) as paragraphs (86), 
                (87), (88), (89), (90), (91), and (92), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting before paragraph (86), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(85) The term `store gift card' means a card, code, or 
        other device that is--
                    ``(A) issued in exchange for payment on a prepaid 
                basis primarily for personal, family, or household 
                purposes to a consumer in a specified amount, whether 
                or not that amount may be increased or reloaded; and
                    ``(B) redeemable for goods or services upon 
                presentation at a single merchant or an affiliated 
                group of merchants.'';
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (48), (48A), (49), 
                (50), (51), (51A), (51B), (51C), (51D), (52), (53), and 
                (53A) as paragraphs (73), (74), (75), (76), (77), (78), 
                (79), (80), (81), (82), (83), and (84), respectively;
                    (E) by inserting before paragraph (73), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(72) The term `residence plan' means a plan filed 
        pursuant to section 1022(b) of this title.'';
                    (F) by redesignating paragraphs (46) and (47) as 
                paragraphs (70) and (71), respectively;
                    (G) by inserting before paragraph (70), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(69) The term `repayment plan' means a plan filed 
        pursuant to section 1022(a) of this title.'';
                    (H) by redesignating paragraph (45) as paragraph 
                (68);
                    (I) by inserting before paragraph (68), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(67) The term `realizable value' means the value, as of 
        the relevant date, that could be obtained for the relevant 
        property in a lawful foreclosure, repossession, or execution 
        sale, less the costs of such sale.'';
                    (J) by redesignating paragraphs (43) and (44) as 
                paragraphs (65) and (66), respectively;
                    (K) by inserting before paragraph (65), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(64) The term `property plan' means a plan filed pursuant 
        to section 1022(c) of this title.'';
                    (L) by redesignating paragraph (42A) as paragraph 
                (63);
                    (M) by inserting before paragraph (63), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(61) The term `pre-dispute arbitration agreement' means 
        any agreement to which the debtor is a party to arbitrate a 
        dispute that has not arisen at the time of the making of the 
        agreement.
            ``(62) The term `pre-dispute joint-action waiver' means any 
        agreement to which the debtor is a party, whether or not part 
        of a predispute arbitration agreement, that would prohibit the 
        debtor from participating, or waive the right of the debtor to 
        participate, in a joint, class, or collective action in a 
        judicial, arbitral, administrative, or other forum, concerning 
        a dispute that has not yet arisen at the time of the making of 
        the agreement.''.
                    (N) by redesignating paragraphs (40), (40A), (40B), 
                (41), (41A), and (42) as paragraphs (55), (56), (57), 
                (58), (59), and (60), respectively;
                    (O) by inserting before paragraph (55), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(54) The term `minimum payment obligation' means, except 
        as provided in section 1021(d)(1) of this title, an amount 
        equal to the lesser of--
                    ``(A) the allowed unsecured claims; or
                    ``(B) the sum of--
                            ``(i) the value of the debtor's interest in 
                        property of the bankruptcy estate in excess 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) any allowed secured claims 
                                that are secured by that property; plus
                                    ``(II) any exemption applicable 
                                under section 522(b); and
                            ``(ii) to the extent the debtor's annual 
                        income exceeds 135 percent of the sum of the 
                        median family income of the applicable State 
                        for 1 earner plus $15,000 for each individual 
                        in the household other than the debtor--
                                    ``(I) if the excess is not over 
                                $10,000, 15 percent of the excess;
                                    ``(II) if the excess is over 
                                $10,000 but not over $50,000, $1,500 
                                plus 45 percent of the excess over 
                                $10,000;
                                    ``(III) if the excess is over 
                                $50,000 but not over $100,000, $19,500 
                                plus 75 percent of the excess over 
                                $50,000; or
                                    ``(IV) if the excess is over 
                                $100,000, $57,000 plus 150 percent of 
                                the excess over $100,000.''.
                    (P) by redesignating paragraphs (31), (32), (33), 
                (34), (35), (35A), (36), (37), (38), (38), (38A), 
                (38B), (39), and (39A) as paragraphs (41), (42), (43), 
                (44), (45), (46), (47), (48), (49), (50), (51), (52), 
                and (53), respectively;
                    (Q) in paragraph (45)(B), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``paragraphs (21B) and (33)(A)'' and inserting 
                ``paragraphs (29) and (43)(A)'';
                    (R) by redesignating paragraphs (14), (14A), (15), 
                (16), (17), (18), (19), (19A), (19B), (20), (21), 
                (21A), (21B), (22), (22A), (23), (24), (25), (26), 
                (27), (27A), (27B), (28), and (29) as paragraphs (17), 
                (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), 
                (27), (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), 
                (36), (37), (38), (39), and (40), respectively;
                    (S) in paragraph (18), as so redesignated,
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``attorneys' fees and'' 
                        before ``interest''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) owed to or recoverable by a spouse, former 
                spouse, or child of the debtor or a parent, legal 
                guardian, or responsible relative of such a child;'';
                    (T) by striking paragraph (13A) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(16) The term `debtor's principal residence', with 
        respect to a debtor, means 1 of the following:
                    ``(A) A residential structure that the debtor or a 
                dependent uses as a residence, including an individual 
                condominium, a mobile or manufactured home, or trailer 
                or houseboat, and incidental property, without regard 
                to whether that structure is attached to real property.
                    ``(B) An interest in a cooperative that owns 
                property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor 
                uses as a residence.
                    ``(C) A residential leasehold that the debtor or a 
                dependent of the debtor uses as a residence.'';
                    (U) by redesignating paragraphs (7A), (7B) (8), 
                (9), (10), (11), (12), and (13) as paragraphs (8), (9), 
                (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), and (15), respectively; 
                and
                    (V) by inserting before paragraph (4) the 
                following:
            ``(3) The term `annual income' means--
                    ``(A) an amount equal to twice the income from all 
                sources that the debtor receives (or in a joint case 
                the debtor and the debtor's spouse receive) without 
                regard to whether such income is taxable, derived 
                during the 6-month period ending on the last day of the 
                calendar month immediately preceding the date of the 
                filing of the petition; and
                    ``(B) any amount paid by any entity other than the 
                debtor (or in a joint case the debtor and the debtor's 
                spouse), on a regular basis on behalf of the debtor, 
                except that the proceeds from the sale of an asset not 
                in the ordinary course of business shall not be 
                included in annual income.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments to other laws.--
                    (A) Section 1503(4)(A)(iv) of the S.A.F.E. Mortgage 
                Licensing Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5102(4)(A)(iv)) is 
                amended by striking ``section 101(53D)'' and inserting 
                ``section 101(89)''.
                    (B) Section 116(a)(2)(A) of the Emergency Economic 
                Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5226(a)(2)(A)) is 
                amended by striking ``section 101(27)'' and inserting 
                ``section 101(36)''.
                    (C) Section 210(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street 
                Reform and Consumer Protection Act (12 U.S.C. 
                5390(a))--
                            (i) in paragraph (11)(H)--
                                    (I) in clause (i)(I), by striking 
                                ``section 101(31)'' and inserting 
                                ``section 101(41)''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii)(II), by 
                                striking ``section 101(32)'' and 
                                inserting ``section 101(42)''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (12)(C), by striking 
                        ``section 101(32)'' and inserting ``section 
                        101(42)''.
                    (D) Section 3E(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
                1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c-5(g)) is amended by striking 
                ``section 101(53A)(B)'' and inserting ``section 
                101(84)(B)''.
                    (E) Section 103(dd)(5) of the Truth in Lending Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 1602(dd)(5)) is amended by striking 
                ``section 101(53D)'' and inserting ``section 101(89)''.
                    (F) Section 128(b)(2)(G)(i) of the Truth in Lending 
                Act (15 U.S.C. 1638(b)(2)(G)(i)) is amended, in the 
                matter preceding subclause (I), by striking ``section 
                101(53D)'' and inserting ``section 101(89)''.
                    (G) Section 129B(f) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 
                U.S.C. 1639b(f))is amended by striking ``section 
                101(53D)'' and inserting ``section 101(89)''.
                    (H) Section 129C(i) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 
                U.S.C. 1639c(i))is amended by striking ``section 
                101(53D)'' and inserting ``section 101(89)''.
                    (I) Section 1016(f)(2)(A) of the Oil Pollution Act 
                of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2716(f)(2)(A)) is amended by 
                striking ``section 101(32)'' and inserting ``section 
                101(42)''.
                    (J) Section 405(j)(2)(C) of PROMESA (48 U.S.C. 
                2194(j)(2)(C)) is amended by striking ``section 
                101(11)'' and inserting ``section 101(13)''.
    (b) Applicability of Chapters.--Section 103 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``chapter 7, 11, 12, or 13 of this 
                title'' and inserting ``chapter 7, 10, 11, or 12 of 
                this title''; and
                    (B) by striking ``section 362(o)'' and inserting 
                ``section 362(m)''; and
            (2) in subsection (j), by striking ``Chapter 13'' and 
        inserting ``Chapter 10''.
    (c) Adjustment of Dollar Amounts.--Section 104 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``sections 101(3)'' and 
        all that follows through ``of this title'' and inserting ``this 
        title''; and
            (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``sections 101(3)'' and 
        all that follows through ``of this title'' and inserting ``this 
        title''.
    (d) Waiver of Sovereign Immunity.--Section 106(a)(1) of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``722,'';
            (2) by inserting ``1028,'' after ``944,''; and
            (3) by striking ``1231, 1301, 1303, 1305, and 1327'' and 
        inserting ``and 1231''.
    (e) Extension of Time.--Section 108 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``or 1301''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``1201 or 1301'' and inserting ``1009 or 
                1201''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``section 362, 
                922, 1201, or 1301 of this title,'' and inserting 
                ``section 362, 922, or 1201 of this title,''.
    (f) Who May Be a Debtor.--
            (1) In general.--Section 109 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), 
                        and (3) as paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), 
                        respectively; and
                            (ii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
                        so redesignated, the following
            ``(1) an individual;'';
                    (B) by striking subsection (e);
                    (C) by redesignating subsection (d) as (e);
                    (D) by inserting after subsection (c) the 
                following:
    ``(d) Only an individual who owes aggregate noncontingent 
liquidated secured and unsecured debts as of the date of the filing of 
the petition or the date of the order for relief in an amount not more 
than $7,500,000 (excluding debts owed to 1 or more affiliates or 
insiders) may be a debtor under chapter 10 of this title.'';
                    (E) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``railroad, a person'' and inserting 
                ``railroad, an individual, a person'';
                    (F) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no 
individual or family farmer may be a debtor under this title who has 
been a debtor in a case pending under this title at any time in the 
preceding 180 days if the case was dismissed by the court for willful 
failure of the debtor to abide by orders of the court, or to appear 
before the court in proper prosecution of the case.''; and
                    (G) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(h)(1) Upon motion of a party in interest or on the court's own 
motion, the court may, after notice and a hearing, include in an order 
dismissing a case under sections 707, 1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208 of 
this title a restriction of the debtor's eligibility to refile a 
subsequent case under this title upon a finding of cause, including--
            ``(A) willful failure of the debtor to--
                    ``(i) abide by orders of the court; or
                    ``(ii) propose a plan required under sections 1021, 
                1129, or 1225 in good faith and not by any means 
                forbidden by law;
            ``(B) willful and substantial default by the debtor with 
        respect to a term of a confirmed plan;
            ``(C) a pattern or practice of filing bankruptcy petitions 
        as part of a manifestly improper use of the bankruptcy system;
            ``(D) willful failure of the debtor to appear before the 
        court in proper prosecution of the case; or
            ``(E) other manifestly improper use of the provisions of 
        this title.
    ``(2) The period of ineligibility for a subsequent case--
            ``(A) shall extend for 180 days from the date of the entry 
        of the court's order unless the court orders otherwise; and
            ``(B) may extend for a period longer than 180 days (but not 
        to exceed 720 days) only if the court finds manifestly improper 
        use the bankruptcy system.
    ``(3) After notice and a hearing, the court may decrease the period 
of ineligibility based upon a showing of changed circumstances or for 
good cause shown.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 1501(c)(2) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``109(e)'' and inserting 
                ``109(d)''.
                    (B) Section 303(1) of PROMESA (48 U.S.C. 2163(1)) 
                is amended by striking ``section 109(b)(2)'' and 
                inserting ``section 109(b)(3)''.
    (g) Penalty for Persons Who Negligently or Fraudulently Prepare 
Bankruptcy Petitions.--Section 110(e)(2)(B)(i)(II) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``under chapter 7, 11, 12, or 13'' 
and inserting ``under chapter 10, 11, or 12''.
    (h) Nonprofit Budget and Credit Counseling Agencies; Financial 
Management Instructional Courses.--
            (1) Chapter 1 of title 11, United States Code, is amended 
        by striking section 111.
            (2) The table of sections for chapter 1 of title 11, United 
        States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 
        section 111.
    (i) Involuntary Cases.--Section 303 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``chapter 7 or 11 of this 
        title'' and inserting ``chapter 7, 10, or 11 of this title'';
            (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``chapter 7 or 11 of this 
        title--'' and inserting ``chapter 7, 10, or 11 of this title--
        '';
            (3) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking ``chapter 7 of this title'' and 
                inserting ``chapter 7 or 10 of this title''; and
                    (B) by striking ``section 701 of this title'' and 
                inserting ``section 701 or 1003 of this title''; and
            (4) in subsection (k)(2), by striking ``the court may enter 
        an order'' and inserting ``the court shall enter an order''.
    (j) Appearance by Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 3 of title 11, 
        United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
        following:
``Sec. 309. Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection appearances in 
              bankruptcy cases
    ``Notwithstanding section 1054(e) of the Consumer Financial 
Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5564(e)), the Bureau of Consumer 
Financial Protection may represent itself in its own name and may 
raise, appear, and be heard on any issue in a case under this title 
before any court with appropriate jurisdiction.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 3 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        inserting after the item relating to section 308 the following:

``309. Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection appearances in 
                            bankruptcy cases.''.
    (k) Eligibility To Serve as Trustee.--Section 321(a) of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``under chapter 7, 12, or 13 
of this title,'' each place it appears and inserting ``under chapter 7, 
10, or 12 of this title,''.
    (l) Qualification of Trustee.--Section 322(a) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``701, 702, 703, 1104, 1163, 1183, 
1202, or 1302'' and inserting ``701, 702, 703, 1001, 1104, 1163, 1183, 
or 1202''.
    (m) Limitation on Compensation of Trustee.--Section 326(b) of title 
11, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``chapter 12 or 13 of this title,'' and 
        inserting ``chapter 10 or 12 of this title,'';
            (2) by striking ``under section 1202(a) or 1302(a) of this 
        title'' and inserting ``under section 1001(a) or 1202(a) of 
        this title''; and
            (3) by striking ``not to exceed five percent upon all 
        payments under the plan'' and inserting ``not to exceed 5 
        percent upon all payments under the chapter 11 or 12 plan or 
        under the chapter 10 repayment plan''.
    (n) Debtor's Transactions With Attorneys.--Section 329 of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by striking ``chapter 11, 12, 
        or 13 of this title'' and inserting ``chapter 10, 11, or 12 of 
        this title''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) In a case under chapter 10 of this title, no compensation 
shall be allowed for the debtor's attorney under this title unless--
            ``(1) the agreement between the debtor and the debtor's 
        attorney providing for compensation--
                    ``(A) was made not more than 90 days before the 
                date of the filing of the petition;
                    ``(B) specifies the services provided or to be 
                provided by the debtor's attorney and the attorney's 
                related fees and expenses;
                    ``(C) provides that the debtor will not be 
                requested to pay or be liable for any amounts other 
                than reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses--
                            ``(i) specified in the agreement;
                            ``(ii) for any adversary proceeding in 
                        which the debtor is a party; or
                            ``(iii) for services required by the debtor 
                        or the court that the attorney should not have 
                        reasonably anticipated at the time of the 
                        agreement;
                    ``(D) does not provide for the payment of interest 
                or any additional fees based on delay in payment or 
                risk of nonpayment or for costs of collection on 
                installment payments;
                    ``(E) provides for installment payments of any 
                compensation still owing on the date of the petition 
                over a period of not more than 1 year; and
                    ``(F) does not include a pre-dispute arbitration 
                agreement or a pre-dispute joint-action waiver with 
                respect to any dispute under the agreement;
            ``(2) the attorney has discussed with the debtor the 
        attorney's fees and expenses under the agreement and the 
        consequences of the attorney's filing the certification 
        required under paragraph (3), and, after full disclosure, the 
        debtor consents to the filing of the certification; and
            ``(3) the attorney files with the court a certification, in 
        accordance with rule 9011 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy 
        Procedure, with respect to the agreement that--
                    ``(A) the conditions specified in paragraphs (1) 
                and (2) are satisfied; and
                    ``(B) the enforcement of the agreement would not 
                impose an undue hardship on the debtor or the debtor's 
                dependents.
    ``(d) In a case under chapter 10 of this title, any assignment, 
factoring, or transfer of rights or amounts, or of rights or authority 
to collect any such amounts, due under an agreement between the debtor 
and the debtor's attorney is void.
    ``(e) In a case under chapter 10 of this title, the bankruptcy 
court where the bankruptcy case was heard--
            ``(1) shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any disputes 
        under, and enforcement of, an agreement that is subject to this 
        section, whether or not the case has been closed; and
            ``(2) in the event of nonpayment on an agreement described 
        in subsection (c), the court may issue a judgment for monies 
        owed only under an agreement made during the 540-day period 
        preceding the date of the judgment.''.
    (o) Compensation of Officers.--
            (1) In general.--Section 330 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(4)(B), by striking ``In a 
                chapter 12 or chapter 13 case in which the debtor is an 
                individual,'' and inserting ``In a chapter 10 or 12 
                case in which the debtor is an individual,'';
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) 
                as subsections (d), (e), and (f), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subsection (b) the 
                following:
    ``(c) There shall be paid from the filing fee in a case under 
chapter 10 of this title $120 to the trustee serving in such case, 
after such trustee's services are rendered.''; and
                    (D) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``in a case under chapter 12 or 13'' and 
                inserting ``in a case under chapter 10 or 12''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 589a(b)(7) of title 28, 
        United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 330(d)'' 
        and inserting ``section 330(e)''.
    (p) Meetings of Creditors and Equity Security Holders.--Section 341 
of title 11, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``chapter 7 or 13'' and 
        inserting ``chapter 10 of this title'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``chapter 7'' and inserting ``chapter 10'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by adding ``and'' at the end;
                    (C) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (D) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (2);
                    (E) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``; and'' and inserting a period; and
                    (F) by striking paragraph (4); and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) In a case under chapter 10 of this title--
            ``(1) the meeting of creditors under subsection (a) may be 
        convened electronically and allow remote appearances of all 
        parties;
            ``(2)(A) the debtor shall not be required to appear in 
        person if it would impose an unreasonable burden on the debtor; 
        and
            ``(B) there shall be a rebuttable presumption that in-
        person attendance at the meeting of creditors under subsection 
        (a) is an unreasonable burden on the debtor if the debtor's 
        address on the bankruptcy petition is more than 10 miles from 
        the location of the courthouse of the bankruptcy court where 
        the meeting of creditors under subsection (a) would occur; and
            ``(3) the meeting of creditors under subsection (a) shall 
        be scheduled at such times to avoid conflict with the debtor's 
        employment.''.
    (q) Notice.--Section 342 of title 11, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (b) and (d);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g) as 
        subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e), respectively;
            (3) in subsection (c)(1), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``chapter 7 or 13'' and inserting ``chapter 10'';
            (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``chapters 7 or 
                13'' and inserting ``chapter 10''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``chapter 7 or 13'' and 
                        inserting ``chapter 10''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and 
                        inserting ``subsection (c)''; and
            (5) in subsection (e)(2), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``section 362(k)'' and inserting ``section 362(j)''.
    (r) Unclaimed Property.--Section 347(a) of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``under section'' and all that follows 
through ``as the case may be'' and inserting ``under section 726, 1025, 
1194, or 1226 of this title under chapter 7, chapter 10, subchapter V 
of chapter 11, or chapter 12 of this title, as the case may be''.
    (s) Effect of Conversion.--Section 348 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``sections 701(a), 727(a)(10), 
                727(b), 1102(a), 1110(a)(1), 1121(b), 1121(c), 
                1141(d)(4), 1201(a), 1221, 1228(a), 1301(a), and 
                1305(a) of this title'' and inserting ``sections 
                701(a), 1009(a), 1025(b), 1027(a), 1027(b), 1031(c), 
                1102(a), 1110(a)(1), 1121(b), 1121(c), 1141(d)(4), 
                1201(a), 1221, and 1228(a) of this title'';
                    (B) by striking ``under section 706, 1112, 1208, or 
                1307 of this title'' and inserting ``under section 706, 
                1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208 of this title'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``under section 706, 
        1112, 1208, or 1307 of this title'' and inserting ``under 
        section 706, 1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208'' of this title;
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``under section 1112, 
        1208, or 1307 of this title'' and inserting ``under section 
        1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208 of this title'';
            (4) in subsection (e), by striking ``under section 706, 
        1112, 1208, or 1307 of this title'' and inserting ``under 
        section 706, 1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208'' of this title; and
            (5) by striking subsection (f).
    (t) Effect of Dismissal.--Section 349 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) The dismissal of a case shall not--
            ``(1) bar the discharge, in a later case, of debts that 
        were dischargeable in the case dismissed, except as provided in 
        section 523, 1031, 1141, or 1228; or
            ``(2) prejudice the debtor with regard to the filing of a 
        subsequent petition, except as provided in subsection (g) or 
        (h) of section 109.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by striking ``or 724(a) of 
        this title,'' and inserting ``724(a), or 1041 of this title,''.
    (u) Automatic Stay.--
            (1) In general.--Section 362 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or to 
                        retain'' after ``to exercise control over'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in paragraph (8), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) in a case under chapter 10 of this title, at any time 
        before the earliest of a conversion or dismissal under section 
        1005 of this title, a dismissal under section 1053(c) of this 
        title, or a discharge under section 1031 of this title, any act 
        to alter, refuse, or discontinue utility service provided to 
        the debtor under an agreement entered into before the entry of 
        the order for relief.'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (22);
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (23), 
                        (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), and (29) as 
                        paragraphs (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), 
                        and (28), respectively;
                            (iii) in paragraph (22), as so 
                        redesignated, by striking ``subsection (m)'' 
                        and inserting ``subsection (l)'';
                            (iv) in paragraph (27), as so redesignated, 
                        by striking ``and'' at the end;
                            (v) in paragraph (28), as so redesignated, 
                        by striking the period and inserting ``; and''; 
                        and
                            (vi) by striking the matter following 
                        paragraph (28), as so redesignated and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(29) under subsection (a), over retention of property of 
        the estate subject to a potential loss of value due to 
        accident, casualty, or theft unless the party entitled to 
        possession provides proof of insurance or other security 
        sufficient to protect the creditor against such loss of 
        value.'';
                    (C) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``(f), and (h)'' and inserting 
                        ``and (f)'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(2) in a case under chapter 7, 9, 11, or 12, the stay of 
        any other act under subsection (a) of this section continues 
        until the earliest of--
                    ``(A) the time the case is closed;
                    ``(B) the time the case is dismissed; or
                    ``(C) if the case is a case under chapter 9, 11, or 
                12, the time a discharge is granted or denied;
            ``(3) in a case under chapter 10, the stay of any other act 
        under subsection (a) of this section continues until the 
        earliest of--
                    ``(A) the time the case is closed;
                    ``(B) the time the case is dismissed; or
                    ``(C) the time specified in section 1021(e) has 
                expired without the debtor having filed a plan; and''; 
                and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A)(i) of paragraph 
                        (4), by striking ``dismissed, other than a case 
                        refiled under a chapter other than chapter 7 
                        after dismissal under section 707(b),'' and 
                        inserting ``dismissed,'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)(2), by striking ``chapter 7, 
                11, or 13'' and inserting ``chapter 10 or 11'';
                    (E) by striking subsections (h) and (i);
                    (F) by redesignating subsections (j) through (o) as 
                subsections (h) through (m) respectively;
                    (G) in subsection (i), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``(1) Except as provided in 
                        paragraph (2), an'' and inserting ``An''; and
                            (ii) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Any agreement of the debtor entered into before the filing of 
the petition to waive the provisions of this section or any other 
provision of this title is void.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 1519(f) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 362(o)'' and 
                inserting ``section 362(m)''.
                    (B) Section 1521(f) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 362(o)'' and 
                inserting ``section 362(m)''.
    (v) Use, Sale, or Lease of Property.--Section 363 of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``section 721, 1108, 
        1183, 1184, 1203, 1204 or 1304 of this title'' and inserting 
        ``section 721, 1003, 1108, 1183, 1184, 1203, or 1204 of this 
        title''; and
            (2) in subsection (l), by striking ``under chapter 11, 12, 
        or 13 of this title'' and inserting ``under chapter 10, 11, or 
        12 of this title''.
    (w) Obtaining Credit.--Section 364(a) of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``section 721, 1108, 1183, 1184, 1203, 
1204, or 1304 of this title,'' and inserting ``section 721, 1108, 1183, 
1184, 1203, or 1204 of this title,''.
    (x) Executory Contracts and Unexpired Leases.--Section 365 of title 
11, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``under chapter 9, 
        11, 12, or 13 of this title'' and inserting ``under chapter 9, 
        10, 11, or 12 of this title'';
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``under chapter 
                9, 11, 12, or 13 of this title,'' and inserting ``under 
                chapter 9, 10, 11, or 12 of this title,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``under chapter 9, 11, 12, or 
                        13 of this title'' and inserting ``under 
                        chapter 9, 10, 11, or 12 of this title'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A) by striking 
                        ``under section 1112, 1208, or 1307 of this 
                        title,'' and inserting ``under section 1005, 
                        1053(c), 1112, or 1208 of this title,''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``under 
                        section 1112, 1208, or 1307 of this title'' and 
                        inserting ``under section 1005, 1053(c), 1112, 
                        or 1208 of this title''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (p) and inserting the following:
    ``(p) Notwithstanding any provision in a lease or applicable 
nonbankruptcy law, the following shall apply:
            ``(1)(A) If the debtor is an individual, the trustee shall 
        be deemed to have abandoned any unexpired lease of residential 
        real property that is the debtor's principal residence of which 
        the debtor or the debtor's spouse or dependents is a tenant.
            ``(B)(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
        section, the debtor may assume such a lease--
                    ``(I) without curing any monetary defaults under 
                the lease that aggregate no more than the amount 
                described in clause (iii); and
                    ``(II) without adequate assurance of future 
                performance.
            ``(ii) If there are monetary defaults under the lease that 
        aggregate to more than the amount described in clause (iii), 
        the debtor may not assume such lease unless all monetary 
        defaults in excess of the amount described in clause (iii) are 
        cured.
            ``(iii) The amount described in this clause is the amount 
        equal to 6 times the monthly rent to be paid by the debtor 
        under the lease.
            ``(C) Any monetary defaults on such a lease left uncured 
        shall become claims against the estate in accordance with 
        subsection (g).
            ``(D)(i) All non-monetary defaults on such a lease shall be 
        deemed waived, except those relating to health or safety, which 
        shall require permission of the court to waive or modify if the 
        lessor objects to their waiver or modification.
            ``(ii) Any pecuniary loss in accordance with such a non-
        monetary default shall constitute a claim against the estate in 
        accordance with subsection (g).
            ``(E) Such a lease not assumed by the debtor, including 
        satisfaction or adequate assurance of any cure required within 
        60 days of the order of relief, under this paragraph shall 
        return to the bankruptcy estate.
            ``(2)(A) If the debtor is an individual and if an unexpired 
        lease of property not subject to paragraph (1) is rejected or 
        not timely assumed by the trustee under subsection (d), the 
        debtor may move to assume the lease.
            ``(B) The court--
                    ``(i) may approve such an assumption if the debtor 
                cures any monetary default within 90 days after the 
                date of assumption; and
                    ``(ii) shall withhold any discharge of the debtor 
                until such cure is made.
            ``(C) The debtor's interest in the lease or property that 
        is the subject of the lease ceases to be property of the estate 
        if--
                    ``(i) the debtor fails to move to assume the lease 
                within 14 days after the lease is rejected or not 
                timely assumed by the trustee; or
                    ``(ii) the debtor's motion to assume the lease is 
                denied.
            ``(D) All non-monetary defaults on such a lease shall be 
        deemed waived except those relating to health or safety, which 
        shall require permission of the court upon motion to waive or 
        modify if the lessor objects to their waiver or modification.
            ``(3) In this subsection, the term `lease' does not 
        include--
                    ``(A) an agreement that is a security interest 
                under applicable nonbankruptcy law, irrespective of its 
                form; or
                    ``(B) a lease the term of which extends beyond the 
                remaining economic life of the property.''.
    (y) Utility Service.--Section 366(b) of title 11 United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``Such utility'' and inserting ``In a case 
other than under chapter 10 of this title, such utility''.
    (z) Filing of Proofs of Claims or Interests.--Section 501 of title 
11, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f)(1) Any creditor that files a claim in a case in which the 
debtor is an individual, and any attorney representing such creditor, 
shall at the time of filing certify, under penalty of perjury, whether 
the creditor has a beneficial interest in the claim and to what extent.
    ``(2) If the creditor does not hold the entire beneficial interest 
in the claim, the creditor shall disclose in the certification under 
paragraph (1) the identity of the party or parties holding the 
beneficial interest.
    ``(3) The creditor shall promptly notify the court, the trustee, 
the United States Trustee, and the debtor of any updates necessary to 
maintain the accuracy of the certification under paragraph (1).
    ``(g) The filing of a claim under this title shall not revive any 
period of limitations under applicable nonbankruptcy law.''.
    (aa) Allowance of Claims or Interests.--
            (1) In general.--Section 502 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``subsections (e)(2), (f), (g), (h) 
                        and (i)'' and inserting ``subsections (c), 
                        (f)(2), (g), (h), (i) and (j)'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                        ``interest;'' and inserting ``interest, 
                        including under a prepayment penalty, yield 
                        maintenance clause, make-whole clause, or 
                        similar contractual provision;'';
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) 
                        through (9) as paragraphs (5) through (11), 
                        respectively;
                            (iv) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
                        following:
            ``(3) such claim is for attorneys' fees incurred after the 
        entry of the order for relief under this title, except to the 
        extent permitted under section 503 or 506 of this title;
            ``(4) notwithstanding section 506(b), such claim is for a 
        fee incurred under section 1930(b) of title 28;'';
                            (v) in paragraph (10), as so redesignated, 
                        by striking ``or'' at the end; and
                            (vi) in paragraph (11), as so 
                        redesignated--
                                    (I) by striking ``except that--'' 
                                and all that follows through ``a claim 
                                of a governmental unit'' and inserting 
                                ``except that a claim of a governmental 
                                unit'';
                                    (II) by striking ``provide; and'' 
                                and inserting ``provide.''; and
                                    (III) by striking subparagraph (B);
                    (B) by striking subsection (k);
                    (C) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), 
                (g), (h), (i), and (j) as subsections (e), (f), (g), 
                (h), (i), (j), and (k), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after subsection (c) the 
                following:
    ``(d) The court shall, after notice and a hearing, disallow any 
claim if the creditor, an affiliate of the creditor, an agent of the 
creditor, a direct or indirect transferor of the claim to the creditor, 
or an affiliate of such transferor violated a Federal consumer 
financial law, as defined in section 1002 of the Consumer Financial 
Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5481), in connection with the claim 
or an obligation that gave rise to the claim.'';
                    (E) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``or 724(a) of this title'' and inserting 
                ``724(a), or 1041 of this title'';
                    (F) in subsection (f), as so redesignated, in 
                paragraph (2), by striking ``or disallowed under 
                subsection (d)'' and inserting ``or disallowed under 
                subsection (d) or (e)'';
                    (G) in subsection (g), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``or disallowed under subsection (d) or (e)'' 
                and inserting ``or disallowed under subsection (d), 
                (e), or (f)'';
                    (H) in subsection (h), as so redesignated--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``chapter 9, 11, 
                                12, or 13'' and inserting ``chapter 9, 
                                10, 11, or 12''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``or disallowed 
                                under subsection (d) or (e)'' and 
                                inserting ``or disallowed under 
                                subsection (d), (e), or (f)''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or 
                        disallowed under subsection (d) or (e)'' and 
                        inserting ``or disallowed under subsection (d), 
                        (e), or (f)'';
                    (I) in subsection (i), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``or disallowed under subsection (d) or (e)'' 
                and inserting ``or disallowed under subsection (d), 
                (e), or (f)'';
                    (J) in subsection (j), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``or disallowed under subsection (d) or (e)'' 
                and inserting ``or disallowed under subsection (d), 
                (e), or (f)''; and
                    (K) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l)(1) The court shall grant judgment against the creditor and in 
favor of the estate for costs and reasonable attorneys' fees--
            ``(A) if--
                    ``(i) a claim is disallowed under subsection (b) 
                because the debt from which it arises is not within the 
                applicable statutory limitations period; and
                    ``(ii) the creditor did not take reasonable actions 
                to form a good faith belief that the debt on which it 
                is based is within the applicable statutory limitations 
                period; or
            ``(B) if a claim is disallowed under subsection (d).
    ``(2) The estate may offset the liability of a creditor under this 
subsection against any distribution otherwise to be made to the 
creditor.
    ``(3) The remedy provided by this subsection shall not be exclusive 
of other remedies available to the debtor or the estate.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 101 of title 11, United States Code, is 
                amended in paragraph (12)(B), as redesignated by this 
                section, by striking ``502(f), 502(g), 502(h) or 
                502(i)'' and inserting ``subsection (g), (h), (i), or 
                (j) of section 502''.
                    (B) Section 501(d) of title 11, United States Code, 
                is amended by striking ``in section 502(e)(2), 502(f), 
                502(g), 502(h) or 502(i)'' and inserting ``in 
                subsection (f)(2), (g), (h), (i), or (j) of section 
                502''.
                    (C) Section 503(b) of title 11, United States Code, 
                is amended--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``section 502(f)'' and inserting 
                        ``section 502(g)''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (7), by striking 
                        ``section 502(b)(6)'' and inserting ``section 
                        502(b)(8)''.
                    (D) Section 506(d)(1) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(b)(5) or 
                502(e)'' and inserting ``subsection (b)(7) or (f) of 
                section 502''.
                    (E) Section 507(a)(3) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(f)'' and 
                inserting ``section 502(g)''.
                    (F) Section 509(b)(1)(B) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(e)'' and 
                inserting ``section 502(f)''.
                    (G) Section 544(b)(1) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(e)'' and 
                inserting ``section 502(f)''.
                    (H) Section 929 of title 11, United States Code, is 
                amended by striking ``section 502(b)(6)'' and inserting 
                ``section 502(b)(8)''.
                    (I) Section 1114(j) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(b)(7)'' and 
                inserting ``section 502(b)(9)''.
                    (J) Section 1141(d)(1)(A) of title 11, United 
                States Code, is amended by striking ``section 502(g), 
                502(h), or 502(i)'' and inserting ``subsection (h), 
                (i), or (j) of section 502''.
                    (K) Section 1232(d)(4) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``or disallowed under 
                subsection (d) or (e) of section 502'' and inserting 
                ``or disallowed under subsection (d), (e), or (f) of 
                section 502''.
                    (L) Section 311 of PROMESA (48 U.S.C. 2171) is 
                amended by striking ``502(b)(6)'' and inserting 
                ``502(b)(8)''.
    (bb) Determination of Secured Status.--Section 506 of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) In a case under chapter 10 of this title, any 
        interest of a creditor in property of the debtor or the estate 
        shall be determined by its realizable value as of the date of 
        the filing of the petition.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``interest on such 
        claim,'' and all that follows and inserting ``interest on such 
        claim and any reasonable fees, costs, or charges provided for 
        under the agreement or applicable nonbankruptcy law under which 
        such claim arose, with post-petition interest credited to the 
        allowed secured claim before other fees, costs, or charges.''; 
        and
            (3) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1) by striking ``allowed secured claim,'' and inserting 
        ``allowed secured claim pursuant to subsection (a),''.
    (cc) Priorities.--
            (1) In general.--Section 507(a) of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), as so 
                        redesignated--
                                    (I) by striking ``701, 702, 703, 
                                1104, 1202, or 1302'' and inserting 
                                ``1001, 1104, or 1202''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``subparagraphs 
                                (A) and (B)'' and inserting 
                                ``subparagraph (A)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``including the 
                purchase of a store gift card,'' after ``purchase of 
                services,''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 724(b)(2) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``section 507(a)(1)(C)'' 
                and inserting ``section 507(a)(1)(B)''.
                    (B) Section 1222(a) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended--
                            (i) in paragraph (3), by adding ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by striking paragraph (4); and
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
                        paragraph (4).
    (dd) Rate of Interest on Tax Claims.--Section 511 of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) This section shall not apply in a case under chapter 10 of 
this title.''.
    (ee) Debtor's Duties.--Section 521 of title 11, United States Code, 
is amended by striking subsections (a) through (j) and inserting the 
following:
    ``(a) The debtor shall--
            ``(1) file--
                    ``(A) a list of creditors; and
                    ``(B) unless the court orders otherwise--
                            ``(i) a schedule of assets and liabilities;
                            ``(ii) a schedule of current income and 
                        current expenditures;
                            ``(iii) a statement of the debtor's 
                        financial affairs;
                            ``(iv) a statement disclosing any 
                        reasonably anticipated increase in income or 
                        expenditures over the 12-month period following 
                        the date of the filing of the petition; and
                            ``(v) if the debtor's annual income creates 
                        or increases the minimum payment obligation as 
                        described in clause (ii) of section 101(54)(B) 
                        of this title--
                                    ``(I) a statement of the debtor's 
                                annual income; and
                                    ``(II) the calculations that 
                                determine the amount by which the 
                                debtor's annual income creates or 
                                increases the minimum payment 
                                obligation;
            ``(2) if a trustee is serving in the case, cooperate with 
        the trustee as necessary to enable the trustee to perform the 
        trustee's duties under this title;
            ``(3) appear at the hearing required under section 524(d) 
        of this title; and
            ``(4) unless a trustee is serving in the case, continue to 
        perform the obligations required of the administrator (as 
        defined in section 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security 
        Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002)) of an employee benefit plan if, 
        at the time of the commencement of the case, the debtor (or any 
        entity designated by the debtor) served as such administrator.
    ``(b) In a case under chapter 10 of this title:
            ``(1) Not later than 7 days before the date first set for 
        the first meeting of creditors, the debtor shall provide to the 
        trustee documentation that establishes the debtor's income in 1 
        or more of the following forms:
                    ``(A) One or more payment advices, issued within 60 
                days before the date of the filing of the petition, 
                showing the debtor's year-to-date income.
                    ``(B) A copy of the Federal income tax return 
                required under applicable law (or at the election of 
                the debtor, a transcript of such return) for the most 
                recent tax year ending immediately before the 
                commencement of the case and for which a Federal income 
                tax return was filed.
                    ``(C) A W-2 form issued by each employer for the 
                tax year preceding the year the petition is filed.
                    ``(D) Other evidence of payment received within 60 
                days before the date of the filing of the petition that 
                establishes the debtor's income.
            ``(2) If the debtor's annual income creates or increases 
        the minimum payment obligation as described in clause (ii) of 
        section 101(54)(B) of this title, the debtor shall, to the 
        extent not already provided under paragraph (1), provide to the 
        trustee as documentation of income--
                    ``(A) a copy of the Federal income tax return 
                required under applicable law (or at the election of 
                the debtor, a transcript of such return) for the most 
                recent tax year ending immediately before the 
                commencement of the case and for which a Federal income 
                tax return was required and filed; and
                    ``(B) copies of all payment advices or other 
                evidence of payment received within 60 days before the 
                date of the filing of the petition, by the debtor from 
                any employer of the debtor.
            ``(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the debtor 
        shall provide additional documentation of income if requested 
        by the trustee or the United States trustee upon reasonable 
        grounds to believe the debtor's actual income is greater than 
        disclosed and would create or increase the minimum payment 
        obligation as described in clause (ii) of section 101(54)(B) of 
        this title.
    ``(c) If the schedule of current income required by subsection 
(a)(1)(B)(ii) discloses income that is not more than 80 percent of the 
amount of annual income that would trigger the documentation 
obligations in subsection (b)(2) and in the absence of actual knowledge 
of facts to the contrary, an attorney for the debtor or a bankruptcy 
petition preparer for the debtor (as defined in section 110 of this 
title) may rely on the schedule of current income to determine that--
            ``(1) the documentation requirements of subsection (b)(2) 
        do not apply; and
            ``(2) the debtor is not required to file the statement of 
        annual income required by subsection (a)(1)(B)(v).
    ``(d) In a case under chapter 7 or 11:
            ``(1) The debtor shall provide--
                    ``(A) not later than 7 days before the date first 
                set for the first meeting of creditors, to the trustee 
                a copy of the Federal income tax return required under 
                applicable law (or at the election of the debtor, a 
                transcript of such return) for the most recent tax year 
                ending immediately before the commencement of the case 
                and for which a Federal income tax return was filed; 
                and
                    ``(B) at the same time the debtor complies with 
                subparagraph (A), a copy of such return (or if elected 
                under subparagraph (A), such transcript) to any 
                creditor that timely requests such copy.
            ``(2) If the debtor fails to comply with subparagraph (A) 
        or (B) of paragraph (1), the court shall dismiss the case 
        unless the debtor demonstrates that the failure to so comply is 
        due to circumstances beyond the debtor's control.
            ``(3) If a creditor requests a copy of such tax return or 
        such transcript and if the debtor fails to provide a copy of 
        such tax return or such transcript to such creditor at the time 
        the debtor provides such tax return or such transcript to the 
        trustee, the court shall dismiss the case unless the debtor 
        demonstrates that the failure to provide a copy of such tax 
        return or such transcript is due to circumstances beyond the 
        debtor's control.
    ``(e) Failure by the debtor to disclose a cause of action in a 
schedule required to be filed under this section shall not alone be 
grounds to dismiss a lawsuit brought to enforce the cause of action.
    ``(f) If requested by the United States trustee or by the trustee, 
the debtor shall provide--
            ``(1) a document that establishes the identity of the 
        debtor, including a driver's license, passport, or other 
        document that contains a photograph of the debtor; or
            ``(2) such other personal identifying information relating 
        to the debtor that establishes the identity of the debtor.
    ``(g) At the request of the court, the trustee, or the United 
States trustee, a debtor under chapter 11 who is an individual shall 
file with the court--
            ``(1) at the same time filed with the taxing authority, a 
        copy of each Federal income tax return required under 
        applicable law (or at the election of the debtor, a transcript 
        of such tax return) with respect to each tax year of the debtor 
        ending while the case is pending under such chapter;
            ``(2) at the same time filed with the taxing authority, 
        each Federal income tax return required under applicable law 
        (or at the election of the debtor, a transcript of such tax 
        return) that had not been filed with such authority as of the 
        date of the commencement of the case and that was subsequently 
        filed for any tax year of the debtor ending in the 3-year 
        period ending on the date of the commencement of the case; and
            ``(3) a copy of each amendment to any Federal income tax 
        return or transcript filed with the court under paragraph (1) 
        or (2).
    ``(h)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, if the 
debtor fails to file a tax return that becomes due after the 
commencement of the case or to properly obtain an extension of the due 
date for filing such return, the taxing authority may request that the 
court enter an order converting or dismissing the case.
    ``(2) If the debtor does not file the required return or obtain the 
extension referred to in paragraph (1) within 90 days after a request 
is filed by the taxing authority under that paragraph, the court shall 
convert or dismiss the case, whichever is in the best interests of 
creditors and the estate.''.
    (ff) Exemptions.--
            (1) In general.--Section 522 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended by striking subsections (a) through (q) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(a) In this section--
            ``(1) the term `conforming loan limit' means that 
        applicable limitation for the debtor's county of residence 
        governing the maximum original principal obligation for a 
        mortgage secured by a single-family residence, as determined 
        and adjusted annually under section 302(b)(2) of the Federal 
        National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 
        1717(b)(2)) and section 305(a)(2) of the Federal Home Loan 
        Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1454(a)(2));
            ``(2) the term `dependent' includes a spouse, whether or 
        not actually dependent; and
            ``(3) the term `value' means value--
                    ``(A) as of the date of the filing of the petition; 
                or
                    ``(B) with respect to property that becomes 
                property of the estate after such date, as of the date 
                such property becomes property of the estate.
    ``(b)(1) Notwithstanding section 541 of this title, an individual 
debtor may elect to exempt from property of the estate either the 
property listed in paragraph (2) or, in the alternative, the property 
listed in paragraph (3).
    ``(2)(A) The property listed in this paragraph is the following:
            ``(i) The debtor's interest in the debtor's principal 
        residence, not to exceed--
                    ``(I) 75 percent of the conforming loan limit, if 
                the debtor is age 65 or older on the date of the 
                petition; and
                    ``(II) 50 percent of the conforming loan limit in 
                any other case.
            ``(ii) The debtor's aggregate interest, unlimited in amount 
        except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the following:
                    ``(I) Professionally prescribed health aids for the 
                debtor or a dependent of the debtor.
                    ``(II) The debtor's right to receive, or property 
                that is traceable to--
                            ``(aa) a social security benefit, railroad 
                        retirement benefit, government pension or 
                        retirement benefit, unemployment compensation, 
                        or a local public assistance benefit;
                            ``(bb) a veterans' benefit;
                            ``(cc) a disability, illness, or 
                        unemployment benefit;
                            ``(dd) alimony, support, or separate 
                        maintenance;
                            ``(ee) a payment under a stock bonus, 
                        pension, profit sharing, annuity, or similar 
                        plan or contract on account of illness, 
                        disability, death, age, or length of service, 
                        unless--
                                    ``(AA) such plan or contract was 
                                established by or under the auspices of 
                                an insider that employed the debtor at 
                                the time the debtor's rights under such 
                                plan or contract arose;
                                    ``(BB) such payment is on account 
                                of age or length of service; and
                                    ``(CC) such plan or contract does 
                                not qualify under section 401(a), 
                                403(a), 403(b), or 408 of the Internal 
                                Revenue Code of 1986;
                            ``(ff) an award under a crime victim's 
                        reparation law;
                            ``(gg) a payment on account of the wrongful 
                        death of an individual of whom the debtor was a 
                        dependent, except to the extent that such 
                        payment is for punitive damages;
                            ``(hh) a payment under a life insurance 
                        contract that insured the life of an individual 
                        of whom the debtor was a dependent on the date 
                        of such individual's death;
                            ``(ii) a payment on account of personal 
                        bodily injury, pain and suffering, or 
                        compensation for actual pecuniary loss of the 
                        debtor or an individual of whom the debtor is a 
                        dependent, except to the extent that such 
                        payment is for punitive damages;
                            ``(jj) a payment in compensation of loss of 
                        future earnings of the debtor or an individual 
                        of whom the debtor is or was a dependent;
                            ``(kk) retirement funds, including a direct 
                        transfer of retirement funds from a fund or 
                        account that is exempt from taxation under 
                        section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 
                        501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
                        under section 401(a)(31) of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986, or otherwise, or a 
                        distribution that qualifies as an eligible 
                        rollover distribution within the meaning of 
                        section 402(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
                        1986 or has been distributed from a fund or 
                        account that is exempt from taxation under 
                        section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 
                        501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and 
                        to the extent allowed by law is deposited in 
                        such a fund or account not later than 60 days 
                        after the distribution of such amount, to the 
                        extent that those funds are or were in a fund 
                        or account that is exempt from taxation under 
                        section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 
                        501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
                            ``(ll) a tax credit for earned income under 
                        section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
                        1986.
            ``(iii) The debtor's interest in any other property up to 
        $40,000 in aggregate value.
    ``(B)(i) The court on its own motion, or upon motion by the trustee 
or United States trustee, may limit the amount property exempt under 
item (dd), (ee), (hh), (jj), or (kk) of subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) after 
notice and hearing if it determines that such property is manifestly 
unnecessary for the support of the debtor or the debtor's dependents.
    ``(ii) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that aggregate value 
of property described in any such item in excess of $1,500,000 is 
manifestly unnecessary for the support of the debtor or the debtor's 
dependents.
    ``(C)(i) If the debtor has a dependent, the debtor may double the 
exemption amounts under subparagraph (A)(iii) unless the dependent is 
filing a concurrent petition or has filed a petition within the 
previous 6 years.
    ``(ii) The debtor may increase the amounts exempt under 
subparagraph (A)(iii) in accordance with the number of additional 
dependents not claimed under clause (i) of this subparagraph by--
            ``(I) 25 percent for the first additional dependent;
            ``(II) an additional 10 percent for the second additional 
        dependent;
            ``(III) an additional 5 percent for the third additional 
        dependent; and
            ``(IV) an additional 1 percent for each additional 
        dependent beyond the third.
    ``(iii) If a debtor has been claimed as dependent under this 
subparagraph on a previous debtor's petition within the past 6 years, 
the court may reduce the amount of such debtor's exemptions under this 
subparagraph as the equities of the case require. There shall be a 
rebuttable presumption that an intervening change in family 
circumstances, such as separation or divorce, shall not require such a 
reduction.
    ``(iv) If a debtor has a dependent that has been claimed on another 
debtor's petition under this subparagraph within the past 6 years, the 
court may reduce the amount of the debtor's exemptions under this 
subparagraph as the equities of the case require. There shall be a 
rebuttable presumption that an intervening change in family 
circumstances, such as separation or divorce, shall not require such a 
reduction.
    ``(v) When claiming property as exempt from the estate under this 
subparagraph, the debtor shall indicate on an official form prescribed 
by the Judicial Conference of the United States in accordance with the 
Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure whether any of the debtor's 
dependents have filed for bankruptcy within the previous 6 years or 
whether this information is unknown.
    ``(3)(A) The property listed in this paragraph is the following:
            ``(i) Subject to subparagraphs (B) through (E), any 
        property that is exempt under Federal law, other than paragraph 
        (2) of this subsection, or State or local law that is 
        applicable on the date of the filing of the petition to the 
        place in which the debtor's domicile has been located for the 
        730 days immediately preceding the date of the filing of the 
        petition or if the debtor's domicile has not been located in a 
        single State for such 730-day period, the place in which the 
        debtor's domicile was located for 180 days immediately 
        preceding the 730-day period or for a longer portion of such 
        180-day period than in any other place.
            ``(ii) Any interest in property in which the debtor had, 
        immediately before the commencement of the case, an interest as 
        a tenant by the entirety or joint tenant to the extent that 
        such interest as a tenant by the entirety or joint tenant is 
        exempt from process under applicable nonbankruptcy law.
            ``(iii) Retirement funds to the extent that those funds are 
        in a fund or account that is exempt from taxation under section 
        401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986.
    ``(B)(i) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of nonbankruptcy 
law, the exempt amount under this paragraph of any homestead acquired 
by the debtor within the 1-year period immediately preceding the date 
of the filing of the petition shall be limited to the exempt amount of 
value of the debtor's previous principal residence.
    ``(ii) If the value of the debtor's interest in property claimed as 
a principal residence under this paragraph exceeds $1,000,000, clause 
(i) applies to a principal residence acquired within the 3-year period 
immediately preceding the date of filing of the petition.
    ``(C) The value of an interest in the debtor's principal residence 
shall be reduced to the extent that such value is attributable to any 
portion of any property that the debtor disposed of in the 10-year 
period ending on the date of the filing of the petition with the intent 
to hinder, delay, or defraud a creditor and that the debtor could not 
exempt, or that portion that the debtor could not exempt under this 
subsection if on such date the debtor had held the property so disposed 
of.
    ``(D)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii) of this subparagraph and 
sections 544 and 548, as a result of electing to exempt property under 
State or local law under subparagraph (A)(i), a debtor may not exempt 
any amount of interest that was acquired by the debtor during the 4-
year period preceding the date of the filing of the petition that 
exceeds in the aggregate $170,000 in value in the debtor's principal 
residence.
    ``(ii)(I) The limitation under clause (i) shall not apply to an 
exemption claimed under subparagraph (A)(i) by a family farmer for the 
principal residence of such farmer.
    ``(II) For purposes of clause (i), any amount of such interest does 
not include any interest transferred from a debtor's previous principal 
residence (which was acquired prior to the beginning of such 4-year 
period) into the debtor's current principal residence, if the debtor's 
previous and current residences are located in the same State.
    ``(E)(i) A debtor electing to exempt property under this paragraph 
may not exempt any amount of an interest in the debtor's principal 
residence that exceeds in the aggregate $170,000 if--
            ``(I) the court determines, after notice and a hearing, 
        that the debtor has been convicted of a felony (as defined in 
        section 3156 of title 18), which under the circumstances 
        demonstrates that the filing of the case was an abuse of the 
        provisions of this title; or
            ``(II) the debtor owes a debt arising from--
                    ``(aa) any violation of the Federal securities laws 
                (as defined in section 3(a)(47) of the Securities 
                Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(47))), any State 
                securities laws, or any regulation or order issued 
                under Federal securities laws or State securities laws;
                    ``(bb) fraud, deceit, or manipulation in a 
                fiduciary capacity or in connection with the purchase 
                or sale of any security registered under section 12 or 
                15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 
                78l, 15 U.S.C. 78o(d)) or under section 6 of the 
                Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77f);
                    ``(cc) any civil remedy under section 1964 of title 
                18;
                    ``(dd) for debts arising from a violation of 
                section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United 
                States (42 U.S.C. 1983); or
                    ``(ee) any criminal act, intentional tort, or 
                willful or reckless misconduct that caused serious 
                physical injury or death to another individual in the 
                preceding 5 years.
    ``(ii) Clause (i) shall not apply to the extent the amount of an 
interest in the debtor's principal residence is reasonably necessary 
for the support of the debtor or any dependent of the debtor.
    ``(4)(A) For the purposes of item (kk) of paragraph (2)(A)(ii)(II) 
and clause (iii) of paragraph (3)(A), if the trustee, United States 
trustee, or court on its own motion objects to retirement funds' status 
as exempt, and if those retirement funds are in a retirement fund or 
account that has received a favorable determination under section 7805 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and that determination is in 
effect as of the date of the filing of the petition in a case under 
this title, those funds shall be presumed to be exempt from the estate.
    ``(B) If the retirement funds are in a retirement fund or account 
that has not received a favorable determination under section 7805 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, those funds shall be exempt from the 
estate if the court determines that--
            ``(i) no prior determination to the contrary has been made 
        by a court or the Internal Revenue Service; and
            ``(ii)(I) the retirement fund is in substantial compliance 
        with the applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code 
        of 1986; or
            ``(II) the retirement fund fails to be in substantial 
        compliance with the applicable requirements of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986 and the debtor is not materially 
        responsible for that failure.
    ``(5)(A) A direct transfer of retirement funds from 1 fund or 
account that is exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 
414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, under section 
401(a)(31) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or otherwise, shall 
not cease to qualify for exemption under item (kk) of paragraph 
(2)(A)(ii)(II) or clause (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) by reason of such 
direct transfer.
    ``(B)(i) Any distribution that qualifies as an eligible rollover 
distribution within the meaning of section 402(c) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 or that is described in clause (ii) of this 
subparagraph shall not cease to qualify for exemption under item (kk) 
of paragraph (2)(A)(ii)(II) or clause (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) by 
reason of such distribution.
    ``(ii) A distribution described in this clause is an amount that--
            ``(I) has been distributed from a fund or account that is 
        exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 
        457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
            ``(II) to the extent allowed by law, is deposited in such a 
        fund or account not later than 60 days after the distribution 
        of such amount.
    ``(6)(A) In joint cases filed under section 302 of this title and 
individual cases filed under section 301 or 303 of this title by or 
against 2 debtors who are married to each other, and whose estates are 
ordered to be jointly administered under the Federal Rules of 
Bankruptcy Procedure, the debtors shall be deemed to elect exempt 
property under paragraph (2) unless they both affirmatively elect to 
exempt property under paragraph (3).
    ``(B) In a joint case, the residence exemptions in subparagraphs 
(2)(A)(i) and (3)(A)(i) shall be allocated one-half each to each 
debtor.
    ``(C) The nonresidence exemptions in paragraphs (2)(A)(iii) and 
(3)(A)(iii) shall apply separately with respect to each debtor in a 
joint case.
    ``(c) Unless the case is dismissed, property exempted under this 
section is not liable during or after the case for any debt of the 
debtor that arose, or that is determined under section 502 of this 
title as if such debt had arisen, before the commencement of the case, 
except--
            ``(1) a debt of a kind specified in paragraph (5) of 
        section 523(a) (in which case, notwithstanding any provision of 
        applicable nonbankruptcy law to the contrary, such property 
        shall be liable for a debt of a kind specified in such 
        paragraph); or
            ``(2) a debt secured by a lien that is--
                    ``(A) not avoided under subsection (e) or (g) of 
                this section or under section 544, 545, 547, 548, or 
                549 of this title; and
                    ``(B) not void under section 506(d) of this title.
    ``(d)(1) A waiver of an exemption executed in favor of a creditor 
that holds an unsecured claim against the debtor is unenforceable in a 
case under this title with respect to such claim against property that 
the debtor may exempt under subsection (b).
    ``(2) A waiver by the debtor of a power under subsection (e) or (g) 
to avoid a transfer, under subsection (f) or (h) to exempt property, or 
under subsection (h) to recover property or to preserve a transfer, is 
unenforceable in a case under this title.
    ``(e)(1) Notwithstanding any waiver of exemptions, the debtor may 
avoid the fixing of a lien on an interest of the debtor in property to 
the extent that such lien impairs an exemption to which the debtor 
would have been entitled under subsection (b), if such lien is--
            ``(A) a judicial lien, other than a judicial lien that 
        secures a debt of a kind that is specified in section 
        523(a)(5); or
            ``(B) a nonpossessory, non-purchase-money security interest 
        in any personal, family, or household goods or in any 
        implements, professional books, or tools, of the trade of the 
        debtor or the trade of a dependent of the debtor.
    ``(2)(A) For the purposes of this subsection, a lien shall be 
considered to impair an exemption to the extent that the sum of--
            ``(i) the lien;
            ``(ii) all other liens on the property; and
            ``(iii) the amount of the exemption that the debtor could 
        claim if there were no liens on the property, exceeds the value 
        that the debtor's interest in the property would have in the 
        absence of any liens.
    ``(B) In the case of a property subject to more than 1 lien, a lien 
that has been avoided shall not be considered in making the calculation 
under subparagraph (A) with respect to other liens.
    ``(C) This paragraph shall not apply with respect to a judgment 
arising out of a mortgage foreclosure.
    ``(f) Notwithstanding sections 550 and 551 of this title, the 
debtor may exempt under subsection (b) of this section property that 
the trustee recovers under section 510(c)(2), 542, 543, 550, 551, or 
553 of this title, to the extent that the debtor could have exempted 
such property under subsection (b) of this section if such property had 
not been transferred, if--
            ``(1)(A) such transfer was not a voluntary transfer of such 
        property by the debtor; and
            ``(B) the debtor did not conceal such property; or
            ``(2) the debtor could have avoided such transfer under 
        subsection (e)(1) of this section.
    ``(g) The debtor may avoid a transfer of property of the debtor or 
recover a setoff to the extent that the debtor could have exempted such 
property under subsection (f)(1) if the trustee had avoided such 
transfer, if--
            ``(1) such transfer is avoidable by the trustee under 
        section 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, or 1041 of this title or 
        recoverable by the trustee under section 553 of this title; and
            ``(2) the trustee does not attempt to avoid such transfer.
    ``(h)(1) If the debtor avoids a transfer or recovers a setoff under 
subsection (e) or (g), the debtor may recover in the manner prescribed 
by, and subject to the limitations of, section 550 of this title, the 
same as if the trustee had avoided such transfer, and may exempt any 
property so recovered under subsection (b).
    ``(2) Notwithstanding section 551 of this title, a transfer avoided 
under section 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, or 1041 of this title, under 
subsection (e) or (g) of this section, or property recovered under 
section 553 of this title, may be preserved for the benefit of the 
debtor to the extent that the debtor may exempt such property under 
subsection (f) of this section or paragraph (1) of this subsection.
    ``(i) Notwithstanding subsections (f) and (h), the debtor may 
exempt a particular kind of property under subsections (f) and (h) only 
to the extent that the debtor has exempted less property in value of 
such kind than that to which the debtor is entitled under subsection 
(b).
    ``(j) Property that the debtor exempts under this section is not 
liable for payment of any administrative expense except--
            ``(1) the aliquot share of the costs and expenses of 
        avoiding a transfer of property that the debtor exempts under 
        subsection (f), or of recovery of such property, that is 
        attributable to the value of the portion of such property 
        exempted in relation to the value of the property recovered; 
        and
            ``(2) any costs and expenses of avoiding a transfer under 
        subsection (e) or (g), or of recovery of property under 
        subsection (h)(1), that the debtor has not paid.
    ``(k)(1)(A) The debtor shall file a list of property that the 
debtor claims as exempt under subsection (b).
    ``(B) If the debtor does not file such a list, a dependent of the 
debtor may file such a list, or may claim property as exempt from 
property of the estate on behalf of the debtor.
    ``(2) Unless a party in interest objects, the property claimed as 
exempt on such list is exempt.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--
                    (A) Section 349(b)(1)(B) of title 11, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``522(i)(2),'' and 
                inserting ``522(h)(1),''.
                    (B) Subsection (e) of section 502 of title 11, 
                United States Code, as so redesignated by subsection 
                (aa) of this section, is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``section 522(f), 522(h),'' 
                        and inserting ``section 522(e), 522(g),''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 522(i)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 522(h)''.
    (gg) Exceptions to Discharge.--Section 523 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``727, 1141, 1192 1228(a), 1228(b), or 
                1328(b)'' and inserting 1031(a), 1141, 1192, 1228(a), 
                or 1228(b)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)(B), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by inserting ``subject to subsection (f),'' 
                before ``with respect'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(iv), by striking 
                        ``or'' at the end; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (C);
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``(4), 
                        or (6)'' and inserting ``(4), (6), or (7)''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``(4), or (6)'' and inserting ``(4), (6), or 
                        (7)'';
                    (E) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(7) to the extent such debt is for a fine, penalty, or 
        restitution--
                    ``(A) that is incurred in a criminal proceeding and 
                specifically designated as a fine, penalty, or 
                restitution in the sentencing order upon the debtor's 
                conviction;
                    ``(B) that is not--
                            ``(i) for the cost of prosecuting the 
                        debtor, including the cost of public defense, 
                        incarceration, probation, or any diversion 
                        program;
                            ``(ii) for the cost of operating the 
                        criminal justice system or funding government 
                        functions;
                            ``(iii) for the cost of collecting such 
                        debt; or
                            ``(iv) a fee, surcharge, assessment, or 
                        interest or collection charge imposed in 
                        connection with such debt; and
                    ``(C) only if the creditor demonstrates that the 
                debtor has substantial financial resources that permit 
                the debtor to pay all or a significant portion of the 
                fine, penalty, or restitution for--
                            ``(i) a fine, penalty, or restitution with 
                        respect to which the petition is filed on or 
                        after the date that is 3 years after the later 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) the date of the sentencing 
                                order; or
                                    ``(II) the date on which the debtor 
                                was released from incarceration 
                                pursuant to the sentencing order; or
                            ``(ii) a debt that is a tax penalty --
                                    ``(I) relating to a tax of a kind 
                                not specified in paragraph (1) of this 
                                subsection; or
                                    ``(II) imposed with respect to a 
                                transaction or event that occurred 
                                before 3 years before the date of the 
                                filing of the petition;'';
                    (F) by striking paragraph (8);
                    (G) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph 
                (8);
                    (H) by inserting after paragraph (8), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(9) that was or could have been listed or scheduled by 
        the debtor in a prior case concerning the debtor under this 
        title in which the debtor waived a discharge, or was denied a 
        discharge under section 727(a) (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), or (7), 
        as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the 
        Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2024, or under section 1031, 
        unless such debt was the subject of a written waiver of 
        discharge and the court has made the determination required by 
        section 1031(b)(3)(B);'';
                    (I) by striking paragraphs (14) and (14A);
                    (J) by redesignating paragraph (14B) as paragraph 
                (14);
                    (K) in paragraph (15), by inserting before the 
                semicolon at the end ``, except for a debt arising from 
                an obligation to pay, or to hold a former spouse 
                harmless from, joint debts incurred by the debtor and 
                the debtor's former spouse'';
                    (L) in paragraph (16), by inserting ``and the 
                debtor or the trustee possesses, occupies, or uses the 
                property'' after ``such lot'';
                    (M) by striking paragraph (17);
                    (N) by redesignating paragraph (18) as paragraph 
                (17); and
                    (O) by striking paragraph (19) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(18) in a case under chapter 10, for a debt for 
        compensation owed on the date of the petition to the debtor's 
        attorney under an agreement described in section 329(c);
            ``(19) for debts arising from a violation of section 1979 
        of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983); 
        or'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``(a)(1), (a)(3), or 
        (a)(8)'' and inserting ``(a)(1) or (a)(3)'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the debtor 
shall be discharged from a debt of the kind specified in subsection 
(a)(7) of this section if the sentencing order fails to separately list 
any fees, costs, assessments or surcharges in addition to any fine, 
penalty, or restitution, and such fees, costs, assessments, or 
surcharges are authorized to be assessed under nonbankruptcy law for 
the particular crime committed by the debtor, unless--
            ``(A) the sentencing order expressly states that no fees, 
        costs, assessments or surcharges are assessed against the 
        debtor in addition to any fine, penalty, or restitution; or
            ``(B) on request of the creditor to whom such debt is owed, 
        and after notice and a hearing, the court determines such debt 
        shall not be discharged under subsection (a)(7) of this 
        section.''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) For purposes of subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1), a 
return--
            ``(1) must satisfy the requirements of applicable 
        nonbankruptcy law;
            ``(2) must have been filed in a manner permitted by 
        applicable nonbankruptcy law regardless of whether it was filed 
        before or after any applicable deadline;
            ``(3) includes a return prepared pursuant to section 
        6020(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or similar State 
        or local law, or a written stipulation to a judgment entered by 
        a nonbankruptcy tribunal; and
            ``(4) does not include a return made pursuant to section 
        6020(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or similar State 
        or local law.''.
    (hh) Effect of Discharge.--Section 524 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``727, 944, 1141, 
                1192, 1228, or 1328'' and inserting ``sections 727 or 
                1328, as in effect on the day before the date of 
                enactment of the Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 
                2024, or sections 944, 1031, 1141, 1192, or 1228''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``1192, 
                1228(a)(1), or 1328(a)(1)'' and inserting ``1031, 1192, 
                or 1228(a)(1), or section 1328(a)(1), as in effect on 
                the day before the date of enactment of the Consumer 
                Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2024'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)(B), by striking ``727'' and 
        inserting ``1031'';
            (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c)(1) A debtor that receives a discharge under section 1031, or 
section 727 or 1328, as in effect on the day before the date of 
enactment of the Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2024, the trustee, 
the United States trustee, or the bankruptcy administrator may bring a 
civil action against a person that knows or should know that the 
discharge injunction is applicable and has intentionally or negligently 
commenced or continued any action described in subsection (a).
    ``(2) An action under paragraph (1) shall be commenced not later 
than 1 year after the date on which the discharged debtor, the trustee, 
or the United States trustee discovers that a person has commenced or 
continued any action described in subsection (a).
    ``(3) In an action under paragraph (1), the court may award relief 
consistent with this title if the court finds that a person has--
            ``(A) engaged in conduct in violation of this section or of 
        any provision of this title; or
            ``(B) engaged in fraudulent, unfair, deceptive, or abusive 
        conduct with respect to the debtor or the case.
    ``(4) Subject to paragraph (6), in a successful action under 
paragraph (1)--
            ``(A) the court--
                    ``(i) shall award to a discharged debtor injured by 
                a violation of subsection (a)--
                            ``(I) actual damages, including damages for 
                        emotional distress; and
                            ``(II) reasonable costs and attorneys' 
                        fees; and
                    ``(ii) if the trustee or the United States trustee 
                is a prevailing party in the action, shall award to the 
                trustee or the United States trustee--
                            ``(I) reasonable costs and attorney fees; 
                        and
                            ``(II) a fee equal to 3 times the amount 
                        sought to be collected by the person found to 
                        be in violation of subsection (a); and
            ``(B) the court may award punitive damages, as appropriate.
    ``(5)(A) If the court awards punitive damages under paragraph (4) 
in an action brought or joined by the trustee, the court may award 
between 10 percent and 25 percent of the punitive damages to the 
trustee who brought or joined the action.
    ``(B) Any punitive damages under this subsection shall be in 
addition to the compensation set out in section 326.
    ``(6) If the commencement or continuation of any action described 
in subsection (a) was taken by a person in the good faith belief that 
subsection (a) did not apply to the debt, and the action was withdrawn 
upon discovery that subsection (a) applied to the debt, the recovery 
shall be limited to actual damages, including damages for emotional 
distress, and reasonable costs and attorneys' fees.
    ``(7) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prejudice 
the ability to bring a motion for contempt of court for a violation of 
subsection (a).
    ``(8) An agreement between a holder of a claim and the debtor, the 
consideration for which, in whole or in part, is based on a debt that 
is dischargeable in a case under this title is voidable by the debtor.
    ``(9) Any pre-dispute arbitration agreement or pre-dispute joint-
action waiver regarding an action under paragraph (1) is voidable by 
the debtor.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``727, 1141, 1192, 1228, or 1328'' and 
                inserting ``1031, 1141, 1192, or 1228''; and
                    (B) beginning in the matter preceding paragraph 
                (1), by striking ``If a discharge has been granted'' 
                and all that follows through the end of paragraph (2);
            (5) in subsection (f), by striking ``(c) or''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (k), (l), and (m) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(k)(1) Nothing in this section prejudices the ability to bring a 
motion for contempt of court for a violation of subsection (a) or any 
cause of action under applicable nonbankruptcy law.
    ``(2) Any pre-dispute arbitration agreement or pre-dispute joint-
action waiver purporting to apply to such an action is void.
    ``(l) Upon an entity's request, and after notice and a hearing, the 
court shall issue an order declaring whether an action proposed to be 
taken by the entity would be a violation of the discharge injunction 
under subsection (a).
    ``(m) The debtor's failure to assert, raise, or plead the discharge 
shall not be construed to be a waiver against asserting the 
discharge.''.
    (ii) Protection Against Discriminatory Treatment.--Section 525 of 
title 11, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``solely'';
            (2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``deny employment to,'' after 
                ``may''; and
                    (B) by striking ``solely''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d)(1) A person aggrieved by a violation of this section may 
enforce this section in the bankruptcy case or by bringing a civil 
action in an appropriate district court of the United States.
    ``(2) To remedy a violation of this section, a court may--
            ``(A) award damages including back pay;
            ``(B) grant injunctive or other equitable relief; and
            ``(C) award of costs, including attorneys' fees, to an 
        aggrieved party who prevails.''.
    (jj) Restrictions on Debt Relief Agencies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 526 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 5 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 526.
    (kk) Disclosures.--
            (1) In general.--Section 527 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 5 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 527.
    (ll) Requirements for Debt Relief Agencies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 528 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 5 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 528.
    (mm) Property of the Estate.--Section 541 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(7)--
                    (A) by striking ``except that such amount under 
                this subparagraph shall not constitute disposable 
                income as defined in section 1325(b)(2); or'' each 
                place it appears;
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(i)(III), by adding ``or'' 
                at the end; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (B)(i)(III), by adding ``or'' 
                at the end;
            (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``, except to the extent necessary to satisfy 
        claims entitled to priority under section 507(a)(1).''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of nonbankruptcy law, 
a pre-dispute arbitration agreement or pre-dispute joint-action waiver 
entered into by the debtor shall not be enforceable against the 
bankruptcy estate or the debtor for matters arising in, arising under, 
or related to a case under this title.''.
    (nn) Turnover of Property to Estate.--
            (1) In general.--Section 542 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``subsection (c) or (d)'' 
                        and inserting ``subsection (d), (e), or (f)''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``shall deliver to the 
                        trustee'' and inserting ``shall, without any 
                        condition or further action by the trustee, the 
                        debtor, or the court, deliver promptly to the 
                        trustee'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``subsection (c) 
                or (d)'' and inserting ``subsection (d), (e), or (f)'';
                    (C) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) 
                as subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively; and
                    (D) by adding before subsection (e), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
    ``(c) An entity in possession of property that the trustee may use, 
sell, or lease under section 363 of this title, or that the debtor may 
exempt under section 522 of this title, shall have, upon delivery of 
such property to the trustee, the same rights in the property as if the 
entity remained in possession.
    ``(d) An entity that holds property that the trustee may use, sell, 
or lease under section 363 of this title, or that the debtor may exempt 
under section 522 of this title, and that is subject to a potential 
loss of value due to accident, casualty, or theft shall not be required 
to deliver such property to the trustee unless the party entitled to 
possession provides proof of insurance or other security sufficient to 
protect the creditor against such loss of value.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 549(a)(2)(A) of title 
        11, United States Code, is amended by striking ``542(c)'' and 
        inserting ``542(e)''.
    (oo) Limitations on Avoiding Powers.--Section 546(a)(1)(B) of title 
11, United States Code, is amended by striking ``1104, 1163, 1202, or 
1302'' and inserting ``1001, 1104, 1163, or 1202''.
    (pp) Fraudulent Transfers and Obligations.--Section 548 of title 
11, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``2 years'' and inserting ``4 
        years'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``2 years'' and 
        inserting ``4 years'';
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``In addition'' and inserting 
                        ``Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), in 
                        addition'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by adding ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a period; and
                            (iv) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) The trustee may not avoid under paragraph (1) a transfer of 
property that is exempt from the estate pursuant to paragraph 
(2)(A)(ii)(II)(kk) or (3)(A)(iii) of section 522(b).
    ``(4)(A) The trustee may not avoid under paragraph (1) a transfer 
that was not made with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud.
    ``(B) The defendant in any action under this subsection has the 
burden of proof in pleading and proving that the transfer was not made 
with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors.''.
    (qq) Liability of Transferee of Avoided Transfer.--Section 550 of 
title 11, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(g) The trustee may recover from a transferee the costs of 
bringing a successful avoidance action, including reasonable attorney 
fees, for the avoidance of a transfer under section 544(b) under--
            ``(1) an applicable nonbankruptcy law that prohibits a 
        transfer made with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud a 
        creditor;
            ``(2) section 548(a)(1); or
            ``(3) section 548(e).''.
    (rr) Expedited Determination of Interests in, and Abandonment or 
Other Disposition of Grain Assets.--Section 557(d)(3) of title 11, 
United States Code is amended by striking ``1104, 1183, 1202, and 
1302'' and inserting ``1001, 1104, 1183, and 1202''.
    (ss) Duties of Trustee.--Section 704 of title 11, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``(a) The'' and inserting ``The'';
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (3) and (10); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), 
                (8), (9), (11), and (12) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), 
                (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10), respectively;
            (2) by striking subsection (b); and
            (3) by striking subsection (c).
    (tt) Conversion.--Section 706 of title 11, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``11, 12, or 13'' and inserting 
                ``11 or 12''; and
                    (B) by striking ``1112, 1208, or 1307'' and 
                inserting ``1112 or 1208''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``12 or 13'' and 
        inserting ``12''.
    (uu) Dismissal of a Case or Conversion to a Case Under Chapter 11 
or 13.--
            (1) In general.--Section 707 of title 11, United States 
        Code is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``or 
                conversion to a case under chapter 11 or 13'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``(a) The'' and 
                inserting ``The'';
                    (C) by striking subsection (b); and
                    (D) by striking subsection (c).
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 707 and inserting the 
        following:

``707. Dismissal of a case.''.
    (vv) Redemption.--
            (1) In general.--Section 722 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 722.
    (ww) Distribution of Property of the Estate.--Section 726(b) of 
title 11, United States Code, is amended by striking ``1112, 1208, or 
1307'' and inserting ``1005, 1053(c), 1112, or 1208''.
    (xx) Discharge.--
            (1) In general.--Section 727 of title 11, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for 
        chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking the item relating to section 727.
    (yy) Duties of Trustee and Examiner.--Section 1106 of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraphs (2), 
                (5), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), and (12) of section 
                704(a)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (2), (4), (6), (7), 
                (8), (9), and (10) of section 704''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``7, 12, or 13'' 
                and inserting ``7, 10, or 12''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking clause (iv) and 
        inserting the following:
                            ``(iv) the name of each creditor that holds 
                        a claim that is not discharged under paragraph 
                        (2) or (4) of section 523(a) of this title.''.
    (zz) Conversion or Dismissal.--Section 1112 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) the debtor is an individual.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``in a case in which 
        the debtor is not an individual,'' after ``subsection (c),'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``12 or 13'' and insert 
        ``10 or 12'';
            (4) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (5) by inserting after subsection (e), the following:
    ``(f) The debtor may convert a case under this chapter to a case 
under chapter 10 of this title at any time. Any waiver of the right to 
convert under this subsection is unenforceable.''.
    (aaa) Property of the Estate.--Section 1115(a) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``7, 12, or 13'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``10 or 12''.
    (bbb) Contents of Plan.--Section 1123(a)(8) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``for the execution of the plan.'' 
and inserting ``for the debtor to meet the minimum payment obligation 
of the debtor.''.
    (ccc) Confirmation of Plan.--Section 1129(a)(15)(B) of title 11, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``the projected disposable 
income'' and all that follows through ``whichever is longer'' and 
inserting ``the minimum payment obligation of the debtor under a 
repayment plan under section 1021(a)(1) if the case were a case under 
chapter 10''.
    (ddd) Effect of Confirmation.--Section 1141(d) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)(C)--
                    (A) by striking ``section 727(a)'' and inserting 
                ``section 1031''; and
                    (B) by striking ``chapter 7'' and inserting 
                ``chapter 10''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking ``; and'' 
                at the end and inserting a period; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (C).
    (eee) Trustee.--Section 1183(b) of title 11, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraphs (2), (5), 
        (6), (7), and (9) of section 704(a)'' and inserting 
        ``paragraphs (2), (4), (5), (6), and (8) of section 704'';
            (2) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ``704(a)(8)'' and 
        inserting ``704(7)''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6), by striking ``704(c)'' and inserting 
        ``1001(b)(5)''.
    (fff) Property of the Estate.--Section 1186(a) of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``7, 12, or 13'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``7, 10, or 12''.
    (ggg) Trustee.--Section 1202 of title 11 United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``sections 
                704(a)(2), 704(a)(3), 704(a)(5), 704(a)(6), 704(a)(7), 
                and 704(a)(9)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (2), (3), 
                (4), (5), (6), and (8) of section 704''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``704(a)(8)'' and 
                inserting ``704(7)''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking clause (iv) and 
        inserting the following:
                            ``(iv) the name of each creditor that holds 
                        a claim that is not discharged under paragraph 
                        (2) or (4) of section 523(a) of this title.''.
    (hhh) Conversion or Dismissal.--Section 1208 of title 11, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``7 of'' and inserting 
        ``7 or 10 of''; and
            (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``or 1112'' and inserting 
        ``, 1005, 1053(c), or 1112''.
    (iii) Discharge.--Section 1228 of title 11, United States Code, is 
amended by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 105. DATA COLLECTION.

    Section 159 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking 
subsections (a), (b), and (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(a)(1) When a case is filed under chapter 10 of title 11, each 
debtor in the case may file with the court the following information 
about the debtor:
            ``(A) Marital status.
            ``(B) Age.
            ``(C) Sex.
            ``(D) Race.
            ``(E) Ethnicity.
    ``(2) The Attorney General, in consultation with the Consumer 
Bankruptcy Ombuds of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection and 
the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts 
(referred to in this section as the `Director'), shall prescribe a 
standard form for the collection of the information described in 
paragraph (1).
    ``(3) Any information collected, stored, received, or published 
under paragraph (1) shall--
            ``(A) be so collected, stored, received, or published in a 
        manner that protects the privacy of individuals whose 
        information is included in such data;
            ``(B) be de-identified or anonymized in a manner that 
        protects the identity of all individuals whose information is 
        included in such data; and
            ``(C) be limited in use for the purpose of identifying and 
        addressing disparities in the bankruptcy system and be 
        protected from all other internal use by any entity that 
        collects, stores, or receives the information and from any 
        other inappropriate uses.
    ``(4) Any information collected under paragraph (1)--
            ``(A) shall not be part of the public record of the 
        bankruptcy case; and
            ``(B) shall be maintained in a nonpublic record by the 
        court to fulfill its duties under subsection (b).
    ``(b)(1) The clerk of the district court, or the clerk of the 
bankruptcy court if one is certified pursuant to section 156(b), shall 
collect information regarding individual debtors seeking relief under 
chapter 10 of title 11.
    ``(2) The information collected pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be 
in a standardized format prescribed by the Director so that the 
Director may fulfill the duties in subsection (c).
    ``(c)(1) In this subsection, the term `qualified researcher' means 
a person who has undertaken to protect the confidentiality and privacy 
of the information in the database in a protocol that has been reviewed 
and approved by an institutional review board that is established--
            ``(A) to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects 
        participating in scientific research; and
            ``(B) in accordance with the requirements established under 
        part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, or any 
        successor thereto.
    ``(2) The Director shall--
            ``(A) compile statistical tables from the information 
        described in subsections (a)(1) and (b) and make the tables 
        available to the public;
            ``(B) not later than July 1, 2026, and annually thereafter, 
        prepare and submit to Congress a report concerning the 
        information collected under subsections (a) and (b) that 
        contains an analysis of the information; and
            ``(C) not later than December 31, 2026, and each calendar 
        year thereafter, make available to--
                    ``(i) qualified researchers an electronic database 
                containing the information collected under subsections 
                (a) and (b) or used to create the compilation required 
                under this subsection; and
                    ``(ii) the public an electronic database containing 
                the information collected under subsection (b) or used 
                to create the compilation required by this subsection.
    ``(d) The compilation required under subsection (c) shall--
            ``(1) be presented in the aggregate and for each judicial 
        district and division; and
            ``(2) include information concerning--
                    ``(A) the total assets and total liabilities of the 
                debtors and in each category of assets and liabilities, 
                as reported in the schedules prescribed pursuant to 
                section 2075 and filed by debtors;
                    ``(B) the current monthly income of debtors as 
                reported on the schedules and statements that each 
                debtor files under section 521 of title 11;
                    ``(C) the total compensation the debtors promised 
                to pay to an attorney, the amount of the compensation 
                paid to an attorney before filing, and the total number 
                of cases in which a wage garnishment order or 
                electronic funds transfer order was entered to pay an 
                attorney;
                    ``(D) the total number of dependents of the debtors 
                and the total number of dependents of the debtors under 
                the age of 18;
                    ``(E) whether the debtors had an ownership interest 
                in real estate that served as the debtors' principal 
                residence;
                    ``(F) whether the debtors had an ownership interest 
                in real estate other than that served as the debtors' 
                principal residence;
                    ``(G) the minimum payment obligation of the debtors 
                as determined under section 101(54) of title 11;
                    ``(H) whether the debtors filed a repayment plan, a 
                residence plan, or a property plan; and
                    ``(I) the average period of time between the date 
                of the filing of the petition and the closing of the 
                case for cases closed during the reporting period.
    ``(e) The Director may add other information to the compilations 
and databases required by this section that improve the understanding 
of the causes of bankruptcy and the functioning of the bankruptcy 
system.''.

SEC. 106. ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.

    (a) Electronic Signature Defined.--In this section, the term 
``electronic signature'' has the meaning given the term in section 106 
of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 
U.S.C. 7006).
    (b) Electronic Signatures Allowed .--A signature required for a 
filing in a case under title 11, United States Code, may not be denied 
legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is an 
electronic signature.
    (c) Original Electronic Signatures Allowed.--In a case under title 
11, United States Code, an original signature may be an electronic 
signature.

SEC. 107. JUDICIAL EDUCATION.

    The Director of the Federal Judicial Center, in consultation with 
the Director of the Executive Office for United States Trustees, shall 
develop materials and conduct training that may be useful to courts in 
implementing this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

SEC. 108. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER LAWS.

    (a) Bankruptcy Abuse and Consumer Protection Act of 2005.--
            (1) Audit procedures.--Section 603 of the Bankruptcy Abuse 
        Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (28 U.S.C. 586 
        note) is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsections (a) and (b); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) 
                as subsections (a), (b), and (c), respectively.
            (2) Judicial education.--Section 1226 of the Bankruptcy 
        Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (11 U.S.C. 
        101 note) is repealed.
            (3) Tax documents.--Section 1228(b) of the Bankruptcy Abuse 
        Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (11 U.S.C. 521 
        note) is repealed.
    (b) Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act.--Section 
373(b)(2)(A)(ii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008h(b)(2)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking ``chapters 11, 12, or 
13'' and inserting ``chapter 10, 11, or 12''.
    (c) Consumer Credit Protection Act.--Section 303(b)(1)(B) of the 
Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1673(b)(1)(B)) is amended by 
striking ``any order of any court of bankruptcy under chapter XIII of 
the Bankruptcy Act.'' and inserting ``any order of any court of the 
United States having jurisdiction over cases under title 11; and''.
    (d) Higher Education Act of 1965.--Section 437(b) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``chapter 12 or 13'' and 
        inserting ``chapter 10 or 12'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``chapter 7 or 11'' and 
        inserting ``chapter 10, 11, or 12''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``chapter 7 or 11'' and 
        inserting ``chapter 10, 11, or 12''.
    (e) Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978.--Section 
201(l)(2)(C) of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 
1978 (12 U.S.C. 1715z-1a(l)(2)(C)) is amended by striking ``727, 1141, 
or 1328(b)'' and inserting ``1031, 1141, or 1192''.
    (f) Internal Revenue Code of 1986.--The Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended--
            (1) in section 1398--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``chapter 7 
                (relating to liquidation) or chapter 11 (relating to 
                reorganizations)'' and inserting ``chapter 10, chapter 
                11, or chapter 12'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``chapter 7 
                or 11'' and inserting ``chapter 7 or 10''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e)(1)--
                            (i) by striking the second sentence;
                            (ii) by striking ``The gross income'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Gross income.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                the gross income''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Limitation.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                to any amount received or accrued by the debtor before 
                the commencement date.
                    ``(C) Income after commencement date.--In a 
                proceeding under chapter 10 of title 11, United States 
                Code, and for purposes of subparagraph (A), the estate 
                shall have no interest in any income earned by the 
                debtor after the commencement date, including income 
                used to satisfy the minimum payment obligation (as 
                defined in section 101 of title 11, United States 
                Code).
                    ``(D) Commencement date defined.--In this 
                subsection, the term `commencement date' has the 
                meaning given the term in subsection (d)(3).'';
            (2) in section 6327--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (4); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (5) and (6) as 
                paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
            (3) in section 7437--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (4); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), 
                and (9) as paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), 
                respectively.
    (g) Title 28.--Title 28, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 157(b)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``chapter 11, 
                12, or 13'' and inserting ``chapter 10, 11, or 12'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (O), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (P), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(Q) proceedings to enforce rights under sections 
                524 or 525 of title 11.'';
            (2) in section 589b--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``chapters 7, 
                12, and 13'' and inserting ``chapters 7, 10, and 12''; 
                and
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``chapters 7, 12, and 13'' and 
                        inserting ``chapters 7, 10, and 12'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``, 
                        including for use under section 707(b), actual 
                        costs of administering cases under chapter 13 
                        or chapter 11''; and
                            (iii) in the matter following paragraph 
                        (8), by striking ``chapters 12 and 13'' and 
                        inserting ``chapters 10 and 12''; and
            (3) in section 3014(a)(1), by striking ``section 522(d)'' 
        and inserting ``section 522(b)''.
    (h) Title 38.--Section 3732(a)(2)(B) of title 38, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``1322(b)'' and inserting ``1022(b)''.

           TITLE II--CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AMENDMENTS

SEC. 201. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ACT OF 2010.

    (a) Consumer Bankruptcy Ombuds.--
            (1) In general.--The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 
        2010 (12 U.S.C. 5481 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
        section 1035 (12 U.S.C. 5535) the following:

``SEC. 1035A. CONSUMER BANKRUPTCY OMBUDS.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Director, in consultation with the 
Attorney General, shall designate a Consumer Bankruptcy Ombuds (in this 
section referred to as the `Ombuds') within the Bureau, to provide 
timely assistance to individual debtors in bankruptcy.
    ``(b) Public Information.--The Director and the Attorney General 
and the bankruptcy clerks appointed under section 156(b) of title 11, 
United States Code, shall disseminate information about the 
availability and functions of the Ombuds to individual debtors in 
bankruptcy and consumer bankruptcy attorneys and consumer credit 
counseling agencies.
    ``(c) Functions of Ombuds.--The Ombuds designated under this 
subsection shall--
            ``(1) in accordance with regulations of the Director, 
        receive, review, and attempt to resolve informally complaints 
        from individual debtors in bankruptcy, including, as 
        appropriate, attempts to resolve such complaints in 
        collaboration with creditors, the United States Trustee Program 
        of the Department of Justice, trustees in bankruptcy, the 
        bankruptcy clerks appointed under section 156(b) of title 11, 
        United States Code, and consumer privacy ombudsmen and future 
        claims representatives appointed in bankruptcy;
            ``(2) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
        this section, establish a memorandum of understanding with the 
        Executive Office of the United States Trustee Program, to 
        ensure coordination in providing assistance to and serving 
        individual debtors in bankruptcy seeking to resolve complaints 
        related to their bankruptcy cases;
            ``(3) compile and analyze data on consumer bankruptcy 
        filings, including on the causes of individual bankruptcy 
        filings, the relationship between consumer bankruptcy filings 
        and consumer financial products and services, and any 
        disparities in the bankruptcy system, including any disparities 
        based on the demographic categories described in section 
        159(a)(1) of title 28, United States Code;
            ``(4) compile and analyze data on complaints from 
        individual debtors in bankruptcy;
            ``(5) make recommendations to the Director and the Attorney 
        General regarding the filing of amicus curiae briefs and making 
        appearances in individual bankruptcy cases, particularly in the 
        cases involving repeat patterns of creditor behavior;
            ``(6) consult with the Director of the Administrative 
        Office of the United States Courts regarding the duties of that 
        officer under section 159 of title 28, United States Code, 
        regarding data collection and reporting; and
            ``(7) make other appropriate recommendations to the 
        Director, the Attorney General, the Committee on Banking, 
        Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary 
        of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services and the 
        Committee on Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
    ``(d) Annual Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Ombuds shall prepare an annual 
        report that describes the activities, and evaluates the 
        effectiveness, of the Ombuds during the preceding year.
            ``(2) Submission.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be submitted on the same date annually to the Attorney 
        General, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 
        and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on the 
        Judiciary of the House of Representatives.''.
            (2) Technical amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        1(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer 
        Protection Act (12 U.S.C. 5301 note) is amended by inserting 
        after the item relating to section 1035 the following new item:

``Sec. 1035A. Consumer Bankruptcy Ombuds.''.
    (b) Supervision of Higher Cost Lenders.--Section 1024(a)(1)(E) of 
the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5514(a)(1)(E)) 
is amended by striking ``a payday loan'' and inserting ``a loan with an 
annual percentage rate of greater than 36 percent, as determined under 
section 987(i)(4) of title 10, United States Code''.
    (c) Violations of Discharge Injunction.--Section 1036(a) of the 
Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5536(a)), is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) to violate section 524(a) of title 11, United States 
        Code, in a case involving an individual debtor.''.
    (d) Authority To Exercise Supervision and Enforcement Authority 
Regarding Bankruptcy Law.--
            (1) Definitions.--Section 1002(12) of the Consumer 
        Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5481(12)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (Q), by striking ``and'' and 
                the end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (R), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(S) title 11, United States Code, with respect to 
                individual debtors.''.
            (2) Exception from rulemaking.--Section 1022 of the 
        Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5512) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by inserting ``(except title 11, United States 
                Code)'' after ``Federal consumer financial law'' each 
                place the term appears; and
                    (B) by inserting ``(except title 11, United States 
                Code)'' after ``Federal consumer financial laws'' each 
                place the term appears.
    (e) Average Prime Offer Rate for Motor Vehicle Financings.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than monthly 
        thereafter, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall 
        publish on the website of the Bureau of Consumer Financial 
        Protection the following information with respect to motor 
        vehicle financing:
                    (A) The current (as of the date of publication) 
                average prime offer rate for that type of financing, 
                including the provision of that financing through 
                retail installment sales contracts.
                    (B) The most common duration of that type of 
                financing.
                    (C) Rate structures for financings for the purchase 
                of new and used light motor vehicles that are used 
                primarily for personal, family, or household use.
            (2) Data collection.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection may engage in the 
        collection of information without regard to chapter 35 of title 
        44, United States Code.

SEC. 202. AMENDMENTS TO THE TRUTH IN LENDING ACT.

    Section 130 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1640) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``$200'' and 
                                inserting ``$1,600''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``$2,000'' and 
                                inserting ``$16,000'';
                            (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``$500'' and 
                                inserting ``$4,000''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``$5,000'' and 
                                inserting ``$40,000''; and
                            (iii) in clause (vi)--
                                    (I) by striking ``$400'' and 
                                inserting ``$3,200''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``$4,000'' and 
                                inserting ``$32,000''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``lesser of 
                $1,000,000 or 1'' and inserting ``greater of $8,000,000 
                or 5''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(m) Adjustments.--On April 1, 2026, and each April 1 thereafter, 
each dollar amount in effect under subsection (a) on the day before 
such April 1 shall be adjusted--
            ``(1) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for 
        All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for 
        the most recent period ending immediately before January 1 
        preceding such April 1; and
            ``(2) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that 
        represents the change described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 203. AMENDMENTS TO THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT.

    The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 605(a) (15 U.S.C. 1681c(a)), by striking 
        paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Cases under title 11, United States Code, that, from 
        the date of entry of the order for relief, antedate the report 
        by more than 7 years.''; and
            (2) in section 616 (15 U.S.C. 1681n)--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``$100'' and 
                                inserting ``$700''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``$1,000'' and 
                                inserting ``$7,000''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``$1,000'' and inserting ``$7,000'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``$1,000'' and 
                inserting ``$7,000''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Adjustment.--On April 1, 2026, and each April 1 thereafter, 
each dollar amount in effect under subsections (a) and (b) on the day 
before such April 1 shall be adjusted--
            ``(1) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for 
        All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for 
        the most recent period ending immediately before January 1 
        preceding such April 1; and
            ``(2) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that 
        represents the change described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 204. AMENDMENTS TO THE EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT.

    The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is 
amended--
            (1) in section 701(a)(1) (15 U.S.C. 1691(a)(1)), by 
        inserting ``sexual orientation, gender identity, familial 
        status,'' after ``status,''; and
            (2) in section 706 (15 U.S.C. 1691e)--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking--
                            (i) ``$10,000'' and inserting ``$60,000''; 
                        and
                            (ii) ``500,000 or 1'' and inserting 
                        ``$5,000,000 or 5''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Adjustment.--On April 1, 2026, and each April 1 thereafter, 
each dollar amount in effect under subsection (b) on the day before 
such April 1 shall be adjusted--
            ``(1) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for 
        All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for 
        the most recent period ending immediately before January 1 
        preceding such April 1; and
            ``(2) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that 
        represents the change described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 205. AMENDMENTS TO THE FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES ACT.

    The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. 1692 et seq.) is 
amended--
            (1) in section 803(6) (15 U.S.C. 1692a(6)), in the third 
        sentence, by inserting ``against personal property'' before the 
        period at the end;
            (2) in section 808 (15 U.S.C. 1692f), by adding at the end 
        the following:
            ``(9) Filing a lawsuit or a claim in a bankruptcy case that 
        is based on a debt without an actual, reasonable, good-faith 
        belief that the applicable statute of limitations for 
        enforcement of that debt has not expired at the time of filing.
            ``(10) Any act to knowingly collect or attempt to collect a 
        debt that has been discharged in bankruptcy except acceptance 
        of a purely voluntary payment of the debtor without 
        encouragement or coercion by the debt collector.''; and
            (3) in section 813 (15 U.S.C. 1692k)--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``$1,000'' and inserting ``$5,000''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``lesser of $500,000 or 1'' and inserting 
                        ``greater of $5,000,000 or 5''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) On April 1, 2026, and each April 1 thereafter, each dollar 
amount in effect under paragraph (a)(2) on the day before such April 1 
shall be adjusted--
            ``(1) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for 
        All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for 
        the most recent period ending immediately before January 1 
        preceding such April 1; and
            ``(2) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that 
        represents the change described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 206. AMENDMENTS TO THE ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS ACT.

    Section 916 of the Electronic Fund Transfers Act (15 U.S.C. 1693m) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``$100'' and inserting 
                        ``$500''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``$1,000'' and inserting 
                        ``$5,000''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking ``lesser 
                of $500,000 or 1'' and inserting ``greater of 
                $5,000,000 or 5''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) On April 1, 2026, and each April 1 thereafter, each dollar 
amount in effect under paragraph (a)(2) on the day before such April 1 
shall be adjusted--
            ``(1) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for 
        All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for 
        the most recent period ending immediately before January 1 
        preceding such April 1; and
            ``(2) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that 
        represents the change described in paragraph (1).''.

                      TITLE III--BANKRUPTCY RULES

SEC. 301. RULES ENABLING ACT AMENDMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding the third undesignated paragraph 
of section 2075 of title 28, United States Code, the Supreme Court of 
the United States may prescribe by general rules, the forms of process, 
writs, pleadings, and motions, and the practice and procedure in cases 
under title 11, United States Code, as may be necessary to carry out 
this Act before the effective date of this Act.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--Section 2075 of title 28, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the fourth undesignated 
paragraph.
    (c) Plain Writing.--In drafting the form required by section 
1031(d) of title 11, as added by this Act, the Judicial Conference of 
the United States shall comply with the requirements under the Plain 
Writing Act of 2010 (5 U.S.C. 301 note).

SEC. 302. BANKRUPTCY RULES AMENDMENTS.

    Rule 7004 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure is amended 
by striking subdivision (h).

SEC. 303. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Judicial Conference of the 
United States should--
            (1) promulgate a simplified version of the schedule of 
        current income and current expenditures required under section 
        521(a)(1)(B)(ii) of title 11, United States Code for debtors 
        who, by virtue of section 521(c) of title 11, United States 
        Code, are not subject to the documentation requirements of that 
        section or the statement of annual income required by section 
        521(a)(1)(B)(v) of title 11, United States Code; and
            (2) draft rules that provide that, with respect to a case 
        in which the debtor is an individual, the rights under section 
        542 of title 11, United States Code, may be enforced by motion.

                TITLE IV--FUNDING THE BANKRUPTCY SYSTEM

SEC. 401. BANKRUPTCY FEES.

    Section 1930 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``chapter 13 
                of title 11, $235'' and inserting ``chapter 10 of title 
                11, $250''; and
                    (B) in the undesignated matter following paragraph 
                (7), by striking ``chapter 7, or 13 of title 11'' and 
                inserting ``chapter 7 or 10 of title 11'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``, which may not include any additional fees for 
        the filing of a petition under chapter 10 of title 11.''; and
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(1)(A) Under the procedures prescribed by the Judicial Conference 
of the United States, the district court or the bankruptcy court may 
waive all fees payable to the clerk of the court in a case under 
chapter 10 of title 11 for an individual if the court determines that 
such individual--
            ``(i) has an income that is less than 150 percent of the 
        official poverty line (as defined in section 673 of the Omnibus 
        Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 9902)) applicable 
        to a family of the size of the family of the individual; and
            ``(ii) is unable to pay those fees in installments.
    ``(B) For the purpose of subparagraph (A)(ii), the court shall 
conclusively presume that the individual is unable to pay those fees in 
installments if the court determines that the individual has an income 
that is less than the official poverty line (as defined in section 673 
of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 9902)) 
applicable to a family of the size of the family of the individual.''; 
and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsections (b) 
                and (c)'' and inserting ``subsections (c) and (d)''.

SEC. 402. TRUSTEE COMPENSATION.

    (a) Amendments.--Section 586 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``chapter 7, 11 (including 
                        subchapter V of chapter 11), 12, 13, or 15'' 
                        and inserting ``chapter 7, 10, 11 (including 
                        subchapter V of chapter 11), 12, or 15''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) by striking ``chapters 12 and 
                                13 of title 11'' and inserting 
                                ``chapters 10 and 12 of title 11''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``sections 1224, 
                                1229, 1324, and 1329'' and inserting 
                                ``sections 1024, 1029, 1224, and 
                                1229'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (6); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (7) and (8) as 
                paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively;
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) If the number of cases under chapter 10 or 12 of title 11 or 
subchapter V of chapter 11 of title 11 commenced in a particular region 
so warrants, the United States trustee for such region may, subject to 
the approval of the Attorney General, appoint 1 or more individuals to 
serve as standing trustee, or designate 1 or more assistant United 
States trustees to serve in cases under such chapter. The United States 
trustee may also establish, maintain, and supervise a panel of private 
trustees that are eligible and available to serve as trustees in cases 
under chapter 10 of title 11. The United States trustee for such region 
shall supervise the performance of the duties of any such individual 
appointed under this subsection.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``under subchapter V 
        of chapter 11 or chapter 12 or 13 of title 11'' each place the 
        term appears and inserting ``chapter 10 or 12 of title 11 or 
        subchapter V of chapter 11 of title 11'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``under subchapter V of 
                chapter 11 or chapter 12 or 13 of title 11'' and 
                inserting ``chapter 12 of title 11 or subchapter V of 
                chapter 11'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``under subchapter V of 
                        chapter 11 or chapter 12 or 13 of title 11'' 
                        and inserting ``chapter 12 of title 11 or 
                        subchapter V of chapter 11 of title 11'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``under subchapter V of chapter 11 or chapter 
                        12 or 13 of title 11'' and inserting ``chapter 
                        12 of title 11 or subchapter V of chapter 11 of 
                        title 11'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking 
                        ``subparagraph (d)(1)(B)'' and inserting 
                        ``paragraph (1)(B)'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) 
                as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) The Attorney General, after consultation with a 
        United States trustee that has appointed an individual under 
        subsection (b) of this section to serve as standing trustee in 
        cases under chapter 10 of title 11, shall fix--
                    ``(A) a maximum annual compensation for such 
                individual consisting of--
                            ``(i) an amount not to exceed the 1.25 
                        times the highest annual rate of basic pay in 
                        effect for a position at level IV of the 
                        Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 
                        5; and
                            ``(ii) the cash value of employment 
                        benefits comparable to the employment benefits 
                        provided by the United States to individuals 
                        who are employed by the United States at the 
                        same rate of basic pay to perform similar 
                        services during the same period of time; and
                    ``(B) a percentage fee not to exceed 10 percent.
            ``(4) An individual serving as standing trustee in cases 
        under chapter 10 of title 11 shall collect such percentage fee 
        from all payments received by such individual (including the 
        value of property tendered to such individual) under plans in 
        such cases for which such individual serves as standing 
        trustee. Such individual shall pay to the United States 
        trustee, and the United States trustee shall deposit in the 
        United States Trustee System Fund--
                    ``(A) any amount by which the actual compensation 
                of such individual exceeds 5 percent upon all payments 
                received under repayment plans in such cases for which 
                such individual serves as standing trustee; and
                    ``(B) any amount by which the percentage fee for 
                all such cases exceeds--
                            ``(i) such individual's actual compensation 
                        for such cases, as adjusted under subparagraph 
                        (A) of paragraph (3); plus
                            ``(ii) the actual, necessary expenses 
                        incurred by such individual as standing trustee 
                        in such cases. Subject to the approval of the 
                        Attorney General, any or all of the interest 
                        earned from the deposit of payments under 
                        repayment plans by such individual may be 
                        utilized to pay actual, necessary expenses 
                        without regard to the percentage limitation 
                        contained in paragraph (3)(B) of this 
                        subsection.''; and
            (5) by striking subsection (f).
    (b) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Attorney General shall promulgate regulations to 
implement a process for substituting a trustee under section 1001 of 
title 11, United States Code, when necessary.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 501. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this Act 
shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 502. TRANSITION.

    A case commenced under title 11, United States Code before the date 
that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and all matters 
and proceedings in or relating to any such case, shall be conducted and 
determined as if this Act had not been enacted, and the substantive 
rights of parties in connection with any such bankruptcy case, matter, 
or proceeding shall continue to be governed by the law applicable to 
such case, matter, or proceeding as if the Act had not been enacted.

SEC. 503. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of such provision or amendment to any person or 
circumstance is held to be invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder 
of this Act, the amendments made by this Act, and the application of 
such provisions to any person or circumstance shall not be affected 
thereby.
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