2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 2 Low Speed Wind Tunnel Droplet Size Spectrum Measurements

Report: MRID 4 9384801

. Henry, R.S. Havens, P.L. Schleier III, J.J. and G.R.

Kruger. 201 4

. Low Speed Wind Tunnel Droplet Size Spectrum

Determination s with GF

- 2726. Unpublished study performed (Study #

140720) by West Central Research and Extension Center, Univ. of Nebraska

Lincoln. 402 West State Farm Road, North Platte, NE. and submitted by the

Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268

. Experiment initiation

2 /1 9 /201 4 and completion 07 / 01 /201 4 (p. 4 ).

Havens, P.L. Low

- Speed Wind Tunnel Droplet Spectrum Determinations

with GF

- 2726, Supplemental Droplet Spectrum Information. Unpublished

study performed (Study # 140989) by West Central Research and Extension

Center, Univ. of Nebraska

- Lincoln. 402 West Stat e Farm Road, North Platte,

NE. and submitted by the Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268.

Experiment initiation 03/10/2014 and completion 08/06/2014 (p. 4).

Document No.: MRID s 4 9384801 and Havens, P.L. 2014.

Guideline: Not applicable

Statements: This method was not conducted according USEPA GLP Standards. Signed

and dated statements of Data Confidentiality , Quality Assurance Statement

and GLP were provided (pp. 2

- 5 ).

Classification: The Agency finds that the experiment meets the cr iteria for a scientifically valid

study and provides a cceptable information.



### PC Code: 05 1505

Reviewer: [ Faruque Khan, Senior Scientist, EFED, ERB1

Signature: Date: 09/03/20142,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A low speed wind tunnel study was conducted to evaluate droplet size spectra for 2.8% v/v

mixture of Enlist Duo (GF

- 2726) herbicide using 37 nozzles representing a wide range of

design s from several manufactures

. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drop size

distribution (DSD) produced with GF

- 2726 in a low speed wind tunnel with these nozzles and

compare them to the results produced with an Air Induction Extended Range 11004 (AIXR

11004) nozzle at 40 psi , which also represents a nozzle used in a field st udy (MRID 48844001)

. The droplet size spectra of nozzles were measured using laser diffraction technique in the low

speed wind tunnel facility at the University of Nebraska

- Lincoln West Central Research and

Extension Center in North Platte, Nebraska. The p ercent of driftable fines (≤141 μm) from the

AIXR 11004 at 40 psi from wind tunnel study were used as the performance standard for drift

reduction. Deposition curves for each tested nozzle and the operating pressure combination were

also generated using AG DISP (v8.26) model. Based on a metric of % ≤141 μm and AGDISP

(v8.26) modeling for near

- field deposition, the following nozzle /pressure combinations ( Table 1 )

provide d equivalent or reduced driftable fines as compared to the AIXR 11004 at 40 psi for

ground application of GF

- 2726. In addition, the % driftable fines results were also found to be

linearly related to the operating pressure for a given nozzle, but limited information related to

DSD for nozzles hindered AGDISP modeling. Thus, the maximum operating pressure listed in

Table 1 for each nozzle is based on nozzle/pressure combination tested in the low speed wind

tunnel.

Table 1 . Specifications of T ested N ozzles with Maximum Operating Pressure

Manufacturer

Nozzle Model Acceptable Maximum

Operating Pressure

(psi)

ABJ Agri Products Air Bulle Jet

(AB) 11004 40

11006 30

AirMix

(AB) 11004 15

11006 15

Greenleaf Technologies TurboDrop XL

(TDXL) 11003 4 0

11004 45

11006 75

TurboDrop XL

- D

(TDXL

- D) 11003 90

11004 90

11006 100

11008 80

Hardi Ltd. ISO Minidrift

(MD) 11004 10

11005 10

Hypro (Pentair Ltd.) Guardian Air

(GA) 1100 5 15

Ultra Low Drift

(ULD) 120025 15

1200 4 70

12006 50

12008 15

Lechler, Inc. ID Air Induction

(ID) 11004 40

11005 60

TeeJet Technologies (Spraying

Systems Inc.) Air Induction

(AI) 11004 60

11006 60

11008 702,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 4 Table 1 . Specifications of T ested N ozzles with Maximum Operating Pressure

Manufacturer

Nozzle Model Acceptable Maximum

Operating Pressure

(psi)

Air Induction Extended

Range

(AIXR) 110025 40

11003 30

11004 40

11006 40

Air Induction Turbo

Twinjet

(AITTJ60) 11004 40

11006 40

Extended Range

(XR) 1100 6 15

Turbo Tee Air Induction

(TTI) 11004 85

Wilger Industries, Ltd. Combi

- Jet MR

(MR) 1100 6 60

1 110 8 60



### A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The emission droplet size spectrum formed by the atomization of a pesticide is affected by many

application conditions (nozzle type, pressure, etc.) and the physical properties of the tank mix

( e.g. dynamic surface tension, viscosity etc.)

. Drift can be measured directly in field experiments,

but a field scale study is labor

- intensive and expensive and is thus prohibitive for testing large

numbers of operational parameters. T he characteristics of sprays in wind tunnels ha ve been

shown to correlate well with the potential of off

- target drift (Fritz e t. al

. , 2010). Exis ting ISO

22856 (ISO, 2008) , ASABE S572.1 (ASABE, 2012) , ASTM E2798

- 11 (ASTM, 2012 ) and the

draft US EPA standard testing methods protocol titled “ Generic Verification Protocol for Testing

Pesticide Application Spray Drift Reduction Technologies for Row and F ield Crops” (USEPA,

2014) offer guidance on wind tunnel testing methodology. The current study was conducted to

determine droplet size spectra for nozzles representing a wide range of design from several

manufactures

. The goal was to determin e the droplet size distribution ( DSD ) produced by GF

2726 (a 2.8% v/v mixture of Enlist Duo herbicide

, 2,4

- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid choline salt,

PC Code 051505) in a low speed wind tunnel with a variety of nozzle tips and compared them to

the DSD produced by the AIXR 11004 nozzle at 40 psi. Droplet size distribution is a critical

input parameter for spray drift modeling programs such as AgDRIFT and AGDISP. These

models can provide potential deposition curves using DSD and many other application

parameters us ed in pesticide application.

B. M ATERIALS a nd METHODS

The experiment was performed in the low

- speed wind tunnel facility at the West Central

Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska

- Lincoln, North Platte, Nebraska

(UNL : WCREC) . The droplet s pectra were analyzed using a Sympatec Helos/Vario KR laser

diffraction system with the R7 lens (Sympatec Inc., Clausthal, Germany) that was capable of

detecting droplets in a range from 18 to 3750 μm. The spray plume was traversed through the

laser beam by means of a linear actuator and the laser was positioned at 30.5 cm (12 inches)2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 5 downwind of the nozzle tip. All measurements were replicated to provide three measurements

per treatment, with average da ta being reported for each application. Ambient temperature

(±1°C) and relatively humidity (±3%) were continuously monitored and recorded

. The air

velocity in the tunnel was monitored in a plane just downwind of the nozzle body with a hot

- wire

anemometer. Readings (±0.2 m/s) were taken for 30 seconds (the acquisition frequency was 0.8

seconds) at the centerline and at 80% of the distance from the center

- line to the walls to the left,

right, above and below the centerline. As a confirmation of nozzle perform ance, each of the

tested nozzles was checked for nominal flow rate by setting the sprayer pressure to 40 psi and

collecting duplicate 15

- second volumes into a graduated cylinder. The collected volumes (mL)

were averaged and converted to gallons per minute for comparison to the nozzle specifications.

Thirty

- seven commercially

- available nozzles were tested, each over a range of operating

pressures (Table 2 ) . Each tested nozzle was randomly selected from a lot of ten. Pressures were

“centered” about 40 psi, with the intent of spanning various spray qualities as defined by the

manufacturers. The nozzles included the nozzles (XR11004, TTI1004 and AIXR11004) tested in

the field experiment with GF

- 2726 (MRID 48844001 )

. For testing, spray solution of 2.8% v/v

GF

- 2 726 in tap water were made in 5

- and 10

- gallon batches for the experiment. Enlist Duo has

a density of 1.171 kg/L and contains 24.42 % (w/w) of 2,4

- D choline salt (16.65% (w/w) 2,4

- D

acid equivalent) and 22.17% (w/w) glyphosate dimethylammonium salt to rep resent nominal rate

of 2,4

- D choline

.

Table 2 . Specifications of tested nozzles

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure Tested

(psi)

ABJ Agri Products

Air Bu bbl e Jet

(AB) 11004 30

40

75

11006 30

40

75

AirMix (AM) 11004 15

40

55

11006 15

40

65

Greenleaf Technologies

TurboDrop XL

(TDXL) 11003 30

40

60

11004 30

40

45

60

70

11006 30

40

65

75

TurboDrop XL

- D

(TDXL

- D) 11003 30

402,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 6 Table 2 . Specifications of tested nozzles

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure Tested

(psi)

90

11004 30

40

90

11006 30

40

100

11008 30

40

80

Hardi Ltd.

ISO Minidrift

(MD) 11004 10

40

55

11005 10

40

55

Hypro (Pentair Ltd.)

Guardian Air

(GA) 11004 15

40

55

11005 15

40

Ultra Low Drift

(ULD) 120025 15

40

65

12003 30

40

50

12004 15

40

60

70

95

12006 15

40

50

65

12008 15

40

55

Lechler, Inc.

ID Air Induction

(ID) 11004 30

40

55

95

11005 30

40

60

100

TeeJet Technologies (Spraying

Systems Inc.) Air Induction

(AI) 11004 30

40

602,4

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### 7 Table 2 . Specifications of tested nozzles

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure Tested

(psi)

100

11006 30

40

60

100

11008 30

40

60

70

80

Air Induction Extended

Range

(AIXR) 110025 30

40

11003 30

40

11004 15

40

70

11006 15

40

70

Air Induction Turbo

Twinjet

(AITTJ60) 11004 20

40

55

11006 20

40

65

Extended Range

(XR) 11004 15

40

45

11006 15

40

60

Turbo Tee Air Induction

(TTI) 11004 15

40

85

Wilger Industries, Ltd.

Combi

- Jet MR

(MR) 11004 30

40

45

11006 30

40

60

80

11008 30

40

50

60

802,4

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### 8 Statistical Analysis

Statistical analyses were performed by c ompar ing means ( 3 replications) of volume percent fines

by a Dunnett’s t est, cited in the SAS Manual (SAS Institute Inc, 2012) with the control being the

mean from the AIXR11004 nozzle at 40 psi. In order for the Dunnett’s test to be consider

reliable, a test of the unequal variances was used , employing a Levene’s test (SAS Institute Inc,

2012) . In some cases, the variances were found to be statistically equal, which led to the

exclusion of some tests (sets exhibiting abnormally high or low standard deviations) until the

unequal variance test was satisfied. These e xcluded tests were not included in the mean

comparisons and thus could not be classified as to their compatibility of the standard. Statistical

tests were performed in the SAS JMP Pro software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC).

If the tested mean w as equ iva lent or significantly less than the control, it was classified meeting

the standard. Means statistically greater than the control were classified as not meeting the

standard. For sets not meeting the unequal variance standard, means were noted and if a hig her

pressure set met the standard, it was also flagged as likely to be acceptable.

AGDISP Modeling Procedure

Deposition curves f

or each tested n ozzle and pressure combination were generated using

AGDISP (v8.26) model. The key inputs and example AGDISP mo del output we re included in

the Appendix A

. All inputs, except for the droplet spectra and operating pressure, were kept

constant for all of the simulations. Deposition curves were provided in the MRID 49384801.

C

. QUALITY CONTROL FOR SAMPLING

To measure the reproducibility of the test system over the duration of the testing, nozzles

specified by ANSI/ASAE Standard S572.1 (1; 13) (reference nozzles) were tested with water

sprays. Droplet size spectra of these standard nozzles were performed at t he beginning of each

testing day, as well as at the conclusion of testing. Test data was processed to give Dv0.1, Dv0.5

and Dv0.9 ( Descriptors in Table 3 ) for comparison across treatment sets. Standard nozzles were

consistent over three days of testing per iod ( Table 3 in MRID 49384801 ). The standard

deviations of the DSD averaged 2.4% of the means of six reference nozzles (very fine to fine,

fine to medium, medium to co a rse, co a rse to very co a rse, very co a rse to extremely co a rse and

extremely co a rse to ultr a

- co a rse)

, with a maximum variability of 5.3%

, suggest ing that minimal

deviation occurred during the course of the study.

Table 3 . The following descriptors were used to indicate the droplet size for each

treatment

. Droplet Size Description

Dv0.1 10% of the volume of the spray is contained in droplets smaller than this diameter

Dv0.5 50% of the volume of the spray is contained in droplets smaller than this diameter.

(This value is commonly called the Volume Median Diameter (VMD)

Dv0.9 90% of the volu me of the spray is contained in droplets smaller than this diameter



### Although this study was not carried out in under FIFRA GLP standards, the work was performed

following the appropriate quality control, personnel, auditing and archiving procedures that have

been implemented at the UNL:WCREC wind tunnel facility. A copy of the “UNL

- WCREC2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 9 Standard Operating Procedures” (SOP UNL 1.4) was provided in Appendix A of the submitted

study. Raw data worksheets, logged environmental data, electronic data files and statistical

analysis of this study are archived in the archive facility of Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330

Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

D. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Air Speed

Air speed measurements were taken over the off

- center points over the face of the wind tunnel at

a range of airspeeds from 16.0 to 16.3 miles per hour ( mph ) , indicating a reduction in speed

away from the centerline of about 4%, within the acceptable range of 10% stated in SOP UNL

1.4. The mean measured airspeed at the four off

- center points was 16.18 mph, with a maximum

variation of < 1%, indicating that consistent flow was present in the working section of the wind

tunnel. However, the measured airspeed at the centerline was 16.7 mph, slightly higher than the

nominal speed of 15 mph.

Nozzle Flow Rate Measurement

The results of the nozzle flow rate measurements are shown in Table A

- 1 in the Appendix A

. Average variation from nominal flow for all nozzles was 5.2%, or, on an absolute basis, 0.094

L/min (range

- 0.01 to 0.2 L/min). An analysis of variance indicated no significant different of the

% variation with nozzle orifice size (α = 0.05). Analysis of variance of the absolute variations

indicates a sligh tly higher and statistically significant increase of the variation at the largest

orifice sizes. However, since the overall analysis of the % fines metric is on a comparative basis

only, the relative variation in flow is a more compelling indicator that th e flow rates were

statistically consistent. A nalysis of variance results were provided in the Appendix B of MRID

49384801

.

Measurement of Percent of Fines (≤141 μm) Fraction

The complete data set, including graphical representation and a tabular summary of the entire

spray output distribution for each of the spray nozzle and pressure combinations, with statistical

analysis of replicates can be obtained from the submitted MRIDs (49384801 and Havens, 2014 ).

An e xample of graphical representation of droplet size spectrum and a tabular summary of AIXR

11004 at 40 psi were included in Appendix B

. The AIXR 11004 nozzles, operated at 40 psi,

yielded % fines results of 1.77% (standard deviation 0.04) at ≤ 141 μm . Th e s e are the values that

defined whether nozzle and pressure combinations “meet the standard” for drift potential of

additional nozzles. Additional percent fines of ≤150 μm fractions for tested nozzles were also

reported. Howev er, the statistical outcome was the same for either metric (<141 μm or 150 μm.

Table 4 summarizes the finding for all of the tested nozzles. The p ercent of mean fine fraction

( 1.77% of ≤141 μm ) for the AIXR 11004 nozzle at an operating pressure 40 psi was used in

evaluating the statistical differences from tested nozzles at a confidence level of α = 0.05.

Complete output of the unequal variance (Levene’s test) and means comparisons (Dunnett’s test)

were included in the Appendix B of MRID 49384801 . Stati stical results with “ equivalent ” and

“ less ” ( Table 4 , Column 6 ) are considered acceptable nozzles that have potential to reduced2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 10 driftable fines. I n some cases there was insufficient variance to allow a statistical comparison for

several nozzles ; for these nozzles, a designation of “N/A” (not applicable) was reported in the

Table 4

. For these nozzles, if a higher pressure set met the statistical “equivalent” or “less”

designation , it was considered likely to reduce d r iftable fines.

Extrapolation of O perating Pressure

In many cases the maximum tested passing pressure yielded % of fines well below the standard

nozzle ( Table 4 )

. T he relationship of % fines with pressure w as explored by the study authors

and the results suggest that there is a linear rel ationship between these variables ( Figure 1 ).

Detailed statistics were presented in Appendix C in the MRID 49384801

.

Th erefore

, the study authors posit that it should be possible to extrapolate or interpolate to a

maximum pressure that meets the standard (1.77% of ≤141 μm) . The pressure was rounded to

the nearest 5 psi below the extrapolated maximum. A summary showing the maximum

extrapolated pressure was included in Table 6 of the MRID 49384801

. However, the

applicability of such data for us e in modelin g exercise s will be limited.

Figure 1 . Analyses of Percent Fines Versus Operating Pressure2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 11 Table 4 . Comparisons of Driftable Fine and AGDISP Deposition Curves for Tested Nozzle s with AIXR 11004 at

Operating Pressure of 40 psi to Determine Acceptability of Additional Nozzle for GF2726 formulation of 2,4

- D.

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure

Tested

(psi) Mean % of

Fine

(≤141μm)

Fraction

(driftable Fines) Significantly

Exceeded the

Standard 1 Compatibility of

AGDISP Curves

of tested nozzles

to AIXR 11004

@ 40psi Nozzles Met

Acceptable Matric of

% ≤141μm and

AGDISP Deposition

ABJ Agri Products Air Bubble Jet

(AB) 11004 30 1.16 No Below Yes

40 1.79 Equivalent Overlap Yes

75 4.47 N/A Above No

11006 30 1.68 No Overlap Yes

40 2.75 Yes Above No

75 6.40 Yes Above No

AirMix

(AM) 11004 15 0.38 No Below Yes

40 2.09 Yes Above No

55 3.69 Yes Above No

11006 15 0.47 No Below Yes

40 2.64 Yes Above No

65 5.48 Yes Above No

Greenleaf

Technologies TurboDrop XL

(TDXL) 11003 30 0.66 No Below Yes

40 1.07 No Below Yes

60 2.16 Yes Above No

11004 30 0.45 No Below Yes

40 0.77 No Below Yes

45 0.94 No Below Yes

60 2.16 N/A ** Below No

70 1.97 Yes Below No

11006 30 0.29 No Below Yes

40 0.52 No Below Yes

65 1.40 No Below Yes

75 1.64 No Below Yes

TurboDrop XL

- D

(TDXL

- D) 11003 30 0.17 No Below Yes

40 0.34 No Below Yes

90 1.53 No Below Yes

11004 30 0.23 No Below Yes

40 0.25 No Below Yes

90 1.65 Equivalent Below Yes

11006 30 0.05 N/A * Below Yes2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 12 Table 4 . Comparisons of Driftable Fine and AGDISP Deposition Curves for Tested Nozzle s with AIXR 11004 at

Operating Pressure of 40 psi to Determine Acceptability of Additional Nozzle for GF2726 formulation of 2,4

- D.

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure

Tested

(psi) Mean % of

Fine

(≤141μm)

Fraction

(driftable Fines) Significantly

Exceeded the

Standard 1 Compatibility of

AGDISP Curves

of tested nozzles

to AIXR 11004

@ 40psi Nozzles Met

Acceptable Matric of

% ≤141μm and

AGDISP Deposition

40 0.21 No Below Yes

100 1.34 No Below Yes

11008 30 0.32 N/A * Below Yes

40 0.35 N/A * Below Yes

80 1.04 No Below Yes

Hardi Ltd. ISO Minidrift

(MD) 11004 10 0.29 No Below Yes

40 2.88 N/A ** Above No

55 4.08 Yes Above No

11005 10 0.16 No Below Yes

40 2.29 Yes Above No

55 3.06 Yes Above No

Hypro (Pentair Ltd.) Guardian Air

(GA) 11004 15 0.29 No Below No 2

40 1.97 Yes Above No

55 3.40 Yes Above No

11005 15 0.44 No Below Yes

40 2.06 Yes Above No

Ultra Low Drift

(ULD) 120025 15 0.40 No Below Yes

40 2.78 N/A ** Above No

65 5.97 N/A ** Above No

12003 30 1.65 N/A ** Above No

40 2.81 N/A ** Above No

50 4.00 Yes Above No

12004 15 0.05 No Below Yes

40 0.69 No Below Yes

60 1.30 No Below Yes

70 1.73 Equivalent Below Yes

95 3.37 N/A ** Crossover No

12006 15 0.18 No Below Yes

40 1.12 No Below Yes

50 1.59 No Below Yes

65 2.43 Yes Crossover No2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 13 Table 4 . Comparisons of Driftable Fine and AGDISP Deposition Curves for Tested Nozzle s with AIXR 11004 at

Operating Pressure of 40 psi to Determine Acceptability of Additional Nozzle for GF2726 formulation of 2,4

- D.

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure

Tested

(psi) Mean % of

Fine

(≤141μm)

Fraction

(driftable Fines) Significantly

Exceeded the

Standard 1 Compatibility of

AGDISP Curves

of tested nozzles

to AIXR 11004

@ 40psi Nozzles Met

Acceptable Matric of

% ≤141μm and

AGDISP Deposition

12008 15 0.45 No Below Yes

40 3.00 Yes Above No

55 4.61 N/A ** Above No

Lechler, Inc. ID Air Induction

(ID) 11004 30 0.45 No Below Yes

40 0.87 No Below Yes

55 1.57 No Below Yes

95 3.97 N/A C rossover No

11005 30 0.41 No Below Yes

40 0.43 No Below Yes

60 0.73 No Below Yes

100 3.56 Yes Crossover No

TeeJet Technologies

(Spraying Systems

Inc.) Air Induction

(AI) 11004 30 0.50 No Below Yes

40 0.89 No Below Yes

60 1.68 No Below Yes

100 3.61 Yes Above No

11006 30 0.41 N/A * Below Yes

40 0.77 No Below Yes

60 1.14 N/A * Below Yes

100 2.59 Yes Above No

11008 30 0.47 No Below Yes

40 0.89 No Below Yes

60 1.48 No Below Yes

70 1.90 Equivalent Below Yes

80 2.36 Yes Overlaps No

Air Induction

Extended Range

(AIXR) 110025 30 1.14 No Below Yes

40 1.85 Equivalent Overlap Yes

11003 30 1.40 No Below Yes

40 2.09 N/A ** Above No

11004 15 0.28 N/A * Below Yes

40 1.77 Standard 1

-- ---

70 4.05 Yes Above No2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 14 Table 4 . Comparisons of Driftable Fine and AGDISP Deposition Curves for Tested Nozzle s with AIXR 11004 at

Operating Pressure of 40 psi to Determine Acceptability of Additional Nozzle for GF2726 formulation of 2,4

- D.

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure

Tested

(psi) Mean % of

Fine

(≤141μm)

Fraction

(driftable Fines) Significantly

Exceeded the

Standard 1 Compatibility of

AGDISP Curves

of tested nozzles

to AIXR 11004

@ 40psi Nozzles Met

Acceptable Matric of

% ≤141μm and

AGDISP Deposition

11006 15 0.27 No Below Yes

40 1.76 Equivalent Overlap Yes

70 3.34 N/A ** Above No

Air Induction

Turbo Twinjet

(AITTJ60) 11004 20 0.39 No Below Yes

40 1.75 Equivalent Overlap Yes

55 3.08 Yes Above No

11006 20 0.27 No Below Yes

40 1.74 Equivalent Overlap Yes

65 3.69 Yes Above No

Extended Range

(XR) 11004 15 2.63 Yes Above No

40 8.20 Yes Above No

45 9.19 N/A ** Above No

11006 15 1.40 No Below Yes

40 7.18 N/A ** Above No

60 10.29 Yes Above No

Turbo Tee Air

Induction

(TTI) 11004 15 0.09 No Below Yes

40 0.38 No Below Yes

85 1.70 Equivalent Below Yes

Wilger Industries,

Ltd. Combi

- Jet MR

(MR) 11004 30 1.79 N/A Above No

40 2.22 Yes Above No

45 2.84 N/A ** Above No

11006 30 0.59 No Below Yes

40 0.99 No Below Yes

60 1.66 Equivalent Below Yes

80 2.43 Yes Below No

11008 30 0.73 No Below Yes

40 1.00 No Below Yes

50 1.31 No Below Yes

60 1.75 Equivalent Below Yes

80 3.61 N/A ** Crossover No2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 15 Table 4 . Comparisons of Driftable Fine and AGDISP Deposition Curves for Tested Nozzle s with AIXR 11004 at

Operating Pressure of 40 psi to Determine Acceptability of Additional Nozzle for GF2726 formulation of 2,4

- D.

Manufacturer Nozzle Model Pressure

Tested

(psi) Mean % of

Fine

(≤141μm)

Fraction

(driftable Fines) Significantly

Exceeded the

Standard 1 Compatibility of

AGDISP Curves

of tested nozzles

to AIXR 11004

@ 40psi Nozzles Met

Acceptable Matric of

% ≤141μm and

AGDISP Deposition

1 Percent of mean fine fraction (1.77%; ≤141μm) of AIXR 11004 nozzle @ 40 psi with GF 2726 herbicide was used in evaluating t he statistical

differences at confidence level of α = 0.05. Statistical results with equivalent and less are considered acceptable nozzles and pressure combination.

2 Rejected due to non

- equal variance ground by study authors

N/A *

- Insufficient variance to allow statistical comparison of means. Since at a higher pressure the same nozzle did not exceed the acceptability

threshold, the nozzle at the defined operating pressure was considered to have met the standard.

N/A **

- Insufficient variance to allow statistical comparison of means. Since at a higher pressure the same nozzle exceeded the acceptability threshold,

the nozzle at the d efined operating pressure was considered to have failed.2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 16 Figure 1. Example of Linear fits of % fines wih nozzle pressure

AGDISP Modeled Deposition Curves

AGDISP (v8.26) model was used in generating near field deposition using the droplet spectra

and operating pressure of the tested nozzles

. An e xample of a deposition curve for the AIXR

11004 at various pressures is depicted in Figure 2

. If the placement of a curve is overlapped or

below the standard curve ( i.e. AIXR 11004 @ 40 psi) , it was designated as an acceptable nozzle

for the defined pressure. Any curve laying above or cross ing over the standard curve w as

designated as incompatible nozzle

. The complete results of the deposition curves analysis were

provided in the Appendix C of MRID 49384801 . The qualitative deposition curves comparison

on near

- field deposition confirmed the conclusions reached by the % of fines analysis for the

majority of nozzles (Table 4 )

. One additional nozzle, the GA11004, yielded lower modeled

deposition than the standard at an operating pressure of 15 psi. The same nozzle also yielded

very low fines at the same pressure, but the nozzle was rejected due to statistical criteria by the

authors of the study

.

Figure 2. Example of a Deposition Curves for AI XR 11004 Nozzle at Various Pressure

using AGDISP Model.

D. ACCEPTABILITY/DEFICIENCIES/CLARIFICATIONS

Graphical analytical data for tested nozzles were submitted, so reviewers were able to confirm

the reported drop size distribution and statistical anal ysis

. However, raw analytical data for each

re p lication were not submitted

. There is no major deficiency except the lack of the raw analytical

data observed in the submitted study . The following inconsistencies were also noted.

 This report does not provide a summary of the entire spray output distribution for

reference nozzles with statistical analysis of replicates tested in the wind tunnel. In

addition, graphical outputs of Sympatec Helos laser diffraction particle size analyze r for

0.0010 0.0100 0.1000 1.0000

0 10 20 30 40 50 Fraction of Applied

Distance (ft)



## AXIR 11004

AXIR11004-40

AXIR11004-15

AXIR11004-702,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 17 reference nozzles were not included in this report. These are critical information for

reviewer.

 The report is inconsistent in some areas of data reporting. For example,

Treatment=ID11004

- 95 in page 59 (Study ID 140989) does not match those reported

values in page 152 of MRID 49384801.

 I nformation for s o me nozzles were provided twice in pages 15 and 16.

E

. CONCLUSIONS

A wind tunnel study was conducted to evaluate droplet size spectra for GF

- 2726 using 37

nozzles including AIXR 11004 representing a wide range of design from several manufactures

. The % fines results were found to be linearly related to the operating pressure for a given nozzle

and thus maximum pressures that would meet the % fines specification were defined for each

nozzle. Thirty two of 36 tested nozzles (excluding AIXR 11004 @ 40psi) , operated within their

rated pressure ranges, yielded % fines measurements equal to or less than the field

- tested

standard nozzle AIXR 11004 operated at 40 psi. Additional near

- field deposition modeli ng with

AGDISP also confirmed these results majority of tested nozzles

. A total of 75 nozzle / pressure

combination s were found to be compatible to nozzle AIXR 11004 @ 40 psi

.

F. REFERENCES

ASABE. (2012). ANSI/ASAE S572.1 MAR2009 Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet

Spectra. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.

ASTM. (2012). ASTM Standard E2798

- 11: Standard Test Method for Characterization of

Performance of Pesticide Spray Drift Reduction Adjuvants for Gr ound Application. West

Conshocken, PA: ASTM International.

Fritz, B. K., Hoffmann, W. C., Birchfield, N. B., Ellenberger, J., Khan, F., Bagley, W., Hewitt,

A. (2010). Evaluation of Spray Drift Using Low

- Speed Wind Tunnel Measurements and

Dispersion Modeli ng. Journal of ASTM International, 7 (6). doi: 10.1520/JAI102775.

Havens, P.L. 2014. P.L. Low

- Speed Wind Tunnel Droplet Spectrum Determinations with GF

2726, Supplemental Droplet Spectrum Information. Unpublished study performed (Study #

140989) , submitted by the Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268. Experiment

initiation 03/10/2014 and completion 08/06/2014 (p. 4).

ISO. (2008). Standard 22856: Equipment for crop protection, methods for laboratory

measurement of spray drift

- Wind tunnels. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standards

Organization.

USEPA. (2014). U.S. EPA Generic Verification Protocol for the Testing Pesticide Spray Drift

Reduction Technologies for Row and Field Crops (Final ed.). Washington, DC.2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 18 Appendix A.

Table A

- 1. Flow rate Results.

Nozzle Collected 15

- sec volumes (mL)

mL/min gal/min Variation

from

nominal (%) Variation

from

nominal

L/min 1st collection 2nd collection mean

AIXR110025 245 240 242.5 970 0.256 2.5% 0.024

ULD120

- 025 250 245 247.5 990 0.262 4.6% 0.044

AIXR11003 300 300 300 1200 0.317 5.7% 0.065

TDXL11003 320 310 315 1260 0.333 11.0% 0.125

TDXL

- D11003 305 310 307.5 1230 0.325 8.3% 0.095

ULD120

- 03 290 300 295 1180 0.312 3.9% 0.045

AB11004 390 395 392.5 1570 0.415 3.7% 0.056

AI11004 375 375 375 1500 0.396

- 0.9%

- 0.014

AITTJ6011004 400 405 402.5 1610 0.425 6.3% 0.096

AIXR11004 390 390 390 1560 0.412 3.0% 0.046

AM11004 400 410 405 1620 0.428 7.0% 0.106

GA11004 405 405 405 1620 0.428 7.0% 0.106

ID11004 380 380 380 1520 0.402 0.4% 0.006

MD11004 405 400 402.5 1610 0.425 6.3% 0.096

MR11004 390 400 395 1580 0.417 4.4% 0.066

TDXL11004 400 400 400 1600 0.423 5.7% 0.086

TDXL

- D11004 410 420 415 1660 0.439 9.6% 0.146

TTI11004 405 400 402.5 1610 0.425 6.3% 0.096

XR11004 410 400 405 1620 0.428 7.0% 0.106

ULD120

- 04 410 400 405 1620 0.428 7.0% 0.106

AB11005 500 500 500 2000 0.528 5.7% 0.108

GA11005 490 500 495 1980 0.523 4.6% 0.088

ID11005 510 530 520 2080 0.550 9.9% 0.188

MD11005 500 500 500 2000 0.528 5.7% 0.108

AB11006 600 600 600 2400 0.634 5.7% 0.129

AI11006 590 590 590 2360 0.624 3.9% 0.089

AITTJ6011006 590 580 585 2340 0.618 3.0% 0.069

AIXR11006 580 580 580 2320 0.613 2.2% 0.049

AM11006 580 580 580 2320 0.613 2.2% 0.049

MR11006 590 600 595 2380 0.629 4.8% 0.109

TDXL11006 600 600 600 2400 0.634 5.7% 0.129

TDXL

- D11006 600 605 602.5 2410 0.637 6.1% 0.139

XR11006 590 610 600 2400 0.634 5.7% 0.129

ULD120

- 06 590 600 595 2380 0.629 4.8% 0.1092,4

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### 19 Nozzle Collected 15

- sec volumes (mL)

mL/min gal/min Variation

from

nominal (%) Variation

from

nominal

L/min 1st collection 2nd collection mean

AI11008 760 790 775 3100 0.819 2.4% 0.072

MR11008 780 800 790 3160 0.835 4.4% 0.132

TDXL

- D11008 800 820 810 3240 0.856 7.0% 0.212

ULD120

- 08 790 800 795 3180 0.840 5.0% 0.1522,4

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### 20 Appendix B

.

Example of Sympatec Laser particle Size Analyzer Reports for AIXR 11004 @40 psi2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 21 Table C

- 1 . Spray Droplet Distr i bu t i o n Analysis Results fo r selected AIXR Nozzles and

Pressure

.

summary metrics,

um AIXR11003

- 40 AIXR11004

-

15 AIXR11004

-

40 AIXR11004

- 70 AIXR11006

-

15 AIXR11006

-

40 AIXR11006

- 70

Dv10 227.0 341.4 245.3 193.1 387.1 250.5 209.3

VMD 424.3 620.9 467.7 385.9 692.7 477.8 418.3

Dv90 654.0 883.1 718.7 607.4 1020.6 742.6 678.7

RS 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1

droplet size, um

18 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

22 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

26 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

30 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

36 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

44 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

52 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.020

62 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.153 0.000 0.000 0.120

74 0.077 0.000 0.080 0.377 0.000 0.073 0.307

86 0.203 0.000 0.197 0.710 0.000 0.197 0.593

100 0.480 0.000 0.447 1.267 0.023 0.447 1.063

120 1.087 0.077 0.957 2.367 0.107 0.960 1.977

150 2.523 0.367 2.113 4.780 0.337 2.103 3.930

180 4.730 0.893 3.873 8.147 0.717 3.787 6.627

210 7.757 1.737 6.277 12.410 1.273 6.027 10.067

250 13.077 3.397 10.500 19.353 2.350 9.933 15.780

300 21.780 6.443 17.430 29.787 4.327 16.397 24.667

360 34.707 11.617 27.920 43.867 7.810 26.417 37.200

410 49.000 18.403 40.020 58.087 12.667 38.157 50.380

500 67.457 29.633 56.743 74.943 21.333 54.543 66.870

600 85.080 46.293 75.343 89.497 35.247 73.037 82.743

720 95.983 67.660 90.330 97.643 54.383 88.617 93.813

860 99.903 88.413 97.810 99.820 75.040 97.160 98.727

1020 100.000 98.943 99.953 100.000 90.920 99.937 99.973

1220 100.000 98.973 100.000 100.000 98.863 100.000 100.000

1460 100.000 98.973 100.000 100.000 99.990 100.000 100.000

1740 100.000 98.977 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000

2060 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000

2460 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000

2940 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000

3500 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.0002,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 22 Appendix C

Table D

- 1. Selected input parameter of AGDISP Modeling

Parameter Value comments

Application method section

Method Ground

Nozzle type Flat fan Although many of the nozzles

tested are of the air induction

type, the direct use of the DSD

overrides the use of “air

induction” as the nozzle type.

If air induction were chosen,

the adjustment of the spectrum

by the model would “double

count” the air in duction effect

Boom pressure Set to each tested value Has effect on the driving

speed of the application, so

will change the deposition.

Release height 3 ft Default

Spray lines 20 Default

Meteorology section

Wind type Single height Default

Wind speed 15 mph Under bound from label

Wind direction

- 90 deg Worst

- case and default

Temperature 65 F Default

Relative humidity 50% Default

Surface section

Angles 0 Default

Canopy None Default

Surface roughness 0.12 ft Mean of “crops” cover type

Application technique section

Nozzles 54, even spacing Standard boom setup

DSD From wind tunnel results,

imported in library

Atmospheric stability Strong Default

Swath section

Swath width 90 ft Standard boom

Swath displacement 0 ft Worst

- case

Spray material section

Spray volume rate 15 gal/acre From Enlist Duo label2,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 23 Table D

- 1. Selected input parameter of AGDISP Modeling

Volatile/nonvolatile

fraction Enlist Duo at 2.8% v/v See calculation below 1

1 The tested mixture was 2.8% (v/v) Enlist Duo in water. Enlist Duo has a density of 1.171 kg/L

and contains 24.42 % (w/w) of 2,4

- D choline salt (16.65% (w/w) 2,4

- D acid equivalent) and

22.17% (w/w) glyphosate dimethylammonium salt.

For example, a 100

- liter batch would contain the foll owing:

Enlist Duo 2.8% * 100 L = 2.8L; 2.8L * 1.171 kg/L = 3.279 kg

Water: 100

- 2.8 L = 97.2 L = 97.2 kg

Total weight: 3.279+97.2 = 100.497 kg

Active ingredient fraction: 3.279 kg * 16.65 % (a.e.) = 0.546 kg; 0.546 kg/100.497 kg = 0.0054 (dimensionless)

No n

- volatile fraction: 3.279 kg* (24.42 % + 22.17%) = 1.528 kg; 1.528 kg/100.497 kg = 0.0152 (dimensionless)



### AGDISP Model Input Data Summary

Title: AIXR 11004

- 40

Notes:

Calculations Done: Yes

Run ID: AGDISP AIXR11004_40.ag 8.26 08

- 25

- 2014 15:26:30

-- APPLICATION METHOD

-- ----------------------------

Method Ground

-- Ground Sprayer

-- ---------------------------- Nozzle Type Flat Fan

Boom Pressure (psig) 40

-- Spray Lines

-- ---------------------------- Release Height (ft) 3

Spray Lines 20

Optimize Spray Reps No

Spray Line Reps # Reps

1 1

2 1

3 1

4 1

5 1

6 1

7 1

8 1

9 1

10 1

11 1

12 1

13 1

14 1

15 1

16 1

17 1

18 1

19 1

20 12,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 24 -- APPLICATION TECHNIQUE

-- ---------------------------- Application Technique Liquid

-- Nozzles

-- ---------------------------- Boom Length (%) 98.34

Nozzle Locations # Hor(ft) Ver(ft) Fwd(ft)

1

- 44.26 0 0

2

- 42.59 0 0

3

- 40.91 0 0

4

- 39.25 0 0

5

- 37.58 0 0

6

- 35.91 0 0

7

- 34.23 0 0

8

- 32.57 0 0

9

- 30.9 0 0

10

- 29.23 0 0

11

- 27.56 0 0

12

- 25.89 0 0

13

- 24.22 0 0

14

- 22.55 0 0

15

- 20.88 0 0

16

- 19.21 0 0

17

- 17.54 0 0

18

- 15.87 0 0

19

- 14.2 0 0

20

- 12.53 0 0

21

- 10.86 0 0

22

- 9.19 0 0

23

- 7.51 0 0

24

- 5.84 0 0

25

- 4.17 0 0

26

- 2.5 0 0

27

- 0.835 0 0

28 0.835 0 0

29 2.51 0 0

30 4.18 0 0

31 5.85 0 0

32 7.52 0 0

33 9.19 0 0

34 10.86 0 0

35 12.53 0 0

36 14.2 0 0

37 15.87 0 0

38 17.54 0 0

39 19.21 0 0

40 20.88 0 0

41 22.55 0 0

42 24.22 0 0

43 25.89 0 0

44 27.56 0 0

45 29.23 0 0

46 30.9 0 0

47 32.57 0 0

48 34.23 0 0

49 35.91 0 0

50 37.58 0 02,4

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### 25 51 39.25 0 0

52 40.91 0 0

53 42.59 0 0

54 44.26 0 0

-- Drop Size Distribution

-- ----------------------------

Name AIXR11004

- 40

Type User

- defined

Drop Categories # Diam (um) Frac

1 18.00 0.0000

2 22.00 0.0000

3 26.00 0.0000

4 30.00 0.0000

5 36.00 0.0000

6 44.00 0.0000

7 52.00 0.0000

8 62.00 0.0000

9 74.00 0.0008

10 86.00 0.0012

11 100.00 0.0025

12 120.00 0.0051

13 150.00 0.0116

14 180.00 0.0176

15 210.00 0.0240

16 250.00 0.0422

17 300.00 0.0693

18 360.00 0.1049

19 410.00 0.1210

20 500.00 0.1672

21 600. 00 0.1860

22 720.00 0.1499

23 860.00 0.0748

24 1020.00 0.0214

25 1220.00 0.0005

26 1460.00 0.0000

27 1740.00 0.0000

28 2060.00 0.0000

29 2460.00 0.0000

30 2940.00 0.0000

31 3500.00 0.0000

-- SWATH

-- ----------------------------

Swath Width 90 ft

Swath Displacement 0 ft

-- METEOROLOGY

-- ---------------------------- Wind Speed (mph) 15

Wind Direction (deg)

- 90

Temperature (deg F) 65

Relative Humidity (%) 50

-- SPRAY MATERIAL

-- -------------------------- --

Name Enlist Duo

Spray Material Evaporates Yes

Spray Volume Rate (gal/ac) 15

Active Fracti on 0.00542,4

- D (PC code 051505) MRID 4 9384801



### 26 Nonvolatile Fraction 0.0152

Active Fraction of Tank Mix 0.0054

Fraction of Active Solution t hat is Nonvolatile 1

Additive Fraction of Tank Mix 0.0153

Fraction of Additive Solution that is Nonvolatile 0.64

-- ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY

-- ---------------------------- Atmospheric Stability Strong

-- SURFACE

-- ---------------------------- Upslope Angle (deg) 0

Sideslope Angle (deg) 0

-- Canopy

-- ---------------------------- Type None

Surface Roughness (ft) 0.12

-- TRANSPORT

-- ---------------------------- Flux Plane Distance (ft) 0

-- ADVANCED SETTINGS

-- ---------------------------- Wind Speed Height (ft) 6.56

Max Compute Time (sec) 600

Max Downwind Dis t (ft) 2608.24

Vortex Decay Rate (OGE) (mph) 0.3355

Vortex Decay Rate (IGE) (mph) 1.25

Aircraft Drag Coeff 0.1

Propeller Efficiency 0.8

Ambient Pressure (in hg) 29.91

Ground Reference (ft) 0

Save Trajectory Files No

Half Boom No

Default Swath Offset 0 Swath

Specific Gravity (Carrier) 1

Specific Gravity (Active/Additive) 1.17

Evaporation Rate (μm2/deg C/sec) 84.76