Technical Contact: USDL: 01-194

(202) 691-6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov

Media Contact: FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT

(202) 691-5902 FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 2001

Internet address:

http://www.bls.gov/ecthome.htm

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 2001

In March 2001, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian

workers in private industry and State and local government in the United

States averaged $22.15 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of Labor's

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries, which

averaged $16.07, accounted for approximately 73 percent of these costs,

while benefits, which averaged $6.08, accounted for the remaining 27

percent. (See table 1.)

Legally required benefits averaged $1.73 per hour (7.8 percent of

total compensation), representing the largest non-wage employer cost.

Employer costs for paid leave benefits averaged $1.51 (6.8 percent),

insurance benefits averaged $1.46 (6.6 percent), and retirement and savings

benefits averaged 78 cents (3.5 percent) per hour worked.

Private Industry

In March 2001, private industry employer compensation costs averaged

$20.81 per hour worked. Wages and salaries averaged $15.18 per hour (72.9

percent), while benefits averaged $5.63 (27.1 percent). (See table

5.)

Compensation costs varied by industry, occupational group, region,

establishment size, and worker characteristics such as bargaining status

and full- or part-time status.

Average employer compensation costs were $24.40 per hour in goodsproducing and $19.74 per hour in service-producing industries. Among

industry groups, average compensation costs ranged from $11.49 in retail

trade to $27.70 in transportation and public utilities. (See table 10.)

Average compensation costs were $25.34 per hour for white-collar

occupations, $19.35 for blue-collar occupations, and $10.32 for service

occupations. Benefits, however, accounted for a greater proportion of

compensation costs for blue-collar occupations (30.3 percent) than for

white-collar (26.2 percent) and service occupations (22.5 percent). (See

table 6.)

Among the four regions, compensation costs ranged from $18.59 per hour

in the South to $23.91 in the Northeast. The proportion of compensation

represented by benefits ranged from 25.9 percent in the West to 28.2

percent in the Midwest. (See table 7.)

Compensation costs increased with establishment size. These costs

ranged from an average of $17.86 per hour in establishments with fewer than

100 workers to $28.17 in establishments with 500 workers or more. The

proportion of compensation costs represented by benefits also increased

with establishment size, from 24.9 percent in establishments with fewer

than 100 workers to 30.2 percent in establishments with 500 or more

workers. (See table 8.)

Average employer compensation costs were higher for union workers,

$27.80 per hour, than for nonunion workers, $19.98. Benefits represented a

greater proportion of compensation costs for union workers (34.0 percent)

than for nonunion workers (25.9 percent). These compensation cost

differences reflect variation in the distribution of union and nonunion

workers among occupations, industries, and establishments of different

sizes. (See table 13.)

Compensation costs for full-time workers in private industry averaged

$23.55 per hour compared with $11.65 for part-time workers. Benefit costs

represented a greater proportion of compensation costs for full-time

workers than for part-time workers (28.2 percent compared with 19.3

percent). (See table 9.) Workers are classified as full time or part time

according to the practices of surveyed establishments. Part-time employees

are typically scheduled to work fewer hours than full-time employees in the

same work activity.

Health benefit costs in private industry

In March 2001, private industry health benefit costs averaged $1.16

per hour or 5.6 percent of total compensation. Employer health benefit

costs varied by industry, occupation, bargaining status, region, and

establishment size.

In goods-producing industries, health benefit costs were higher, $1.68

per hour (6.9 percent of total compensation) compared with $1.01 (5.1

percent of total compensation) for service-producing industries. (See

table 5.)

Employer costs for health benefits ranged from $1.34 per hour and 6.9

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 1/19
percent of total compensation for blue-collar occupations to 49 cents and

4.7 percent of total compensation for service occupations. In white-collar

occupations, employer costs for health benefits averaged $1.29 (5.1

percent). (See table 6.)

Employer costs for health benefits were higher for union workers,

averaging $2.26 per hour (8.1 percent), than for nonunion workers,

averaging $1.04 (5.2 percent). (See table 7.)

Among the four regions, costs for health benefits ranged from $1.05

per hour in the South to $1.37 in the Northeast. (See table 7.) Health

benefit costs increased, both in average dollar amount and as a proportion

of total compensation, with establishment size. Establishments with fewer

than 100 workers averaged 88 cents (4.9 percent), those with 100-499

employees averaged $1.26 (6.0 percent), and those with 500 or more

employees averaged $1.79 (6.4 percent). (See table 8.)

Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

In March 2001, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits

was 62 cents per hour in private industry (3.0 percent of total

compensation). Employer retirement and savings costs varied by industry,

occupation, bargaining status, region, and establishment size.

Retirement and savings costs were higher in goods-producing (83 cents

per hour and 3.4 percent of total compensation) than in service-producing

(55 cents per hour and 2.8 percent of total compensation) industries. (See

table 5.)

The average cost per hour worked for retirement and savings was 75

cents for white-collar occupations, 66 cents for blue-collar occupations,

and 15 cents for service occupations. The proportion of total compensation

represented by retirement and savings benefits was 3.4 percent among bluecollar occupations, 3.0 percent for white-collar occupations, and 1.5

percent for service occupations. (See table 6.)

Retirement and savings costs were higher, both in average dollar

amount per hour and as a proportion of total compensation, for union

workers ($1.52 and 5.5 percent of total compensation) than for nonunion

workers (51 cents and 2.6 percent of total compensation). Defined benefit

plan costs were much greater for union than nonunion workers and

represented a greater proportion of employer costs for retirement and

savings than did defined contribution plans. (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs ranged from 51 cents per hour in the

South to 74 cents in the Northeast, with costs averaging 63 cents per hour

in the Midwest and 66 cents in the West. The proportion of total

compensation represented by retirement and savings varied slightly among

regions. (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs increased, both in average dollar amount

per hour and as a proportion of total compensation, with establishment

size. Establishments with fewer than 100 employees averaged 42 cents (2.4

percent), establishments with 100-499 employees averaged 61 cents (2.9

percent), and establishments with 500 or more employees averaged $1.12 (4.0

percent). (See table 8.)

State and local government

In March 2001, employer costs in State and local governments averaged

$30.06 per hour worked. Wages and salaries, which accounted for 71.0

percent of the total, averaged $21.34, while benefits, which accounted for

the remaining 29.0 percent, averaged $8.73. (See table 3 and explanatory

notes.)

Average hourly compensation costs were higher for white-collar

occupations ($33.32) than for blue-collar ($23.44) and service occupations

($22.83). (See table 4.) Benefits accounted for 34.7 percent of total

compensation for service workers, 33.9 percent for blue-collar workers, and

27.3 percent for white-collar workers.

Table of Contents:

Table 1. Civilian workers, by major occupational group 6

Table 2. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group 7

Table 3. State and local government, by selected characteristics 8

Table 4. State and local government, by occupational and

industry group 9

Table 5. Private industry, by major industry group 10

Table 6. Private industry, by major occupational group 11

Table 7. Private industry, by region and bargaining status 12

Table 8. Private industry, by establishment employment size 13

Table 9. Private industry, by major occupational and industry group,

and full-time and part-time status 14

Table 10. Private industry, by occupational and industry group 15

Table 11. Private industry, workers in goods-producing and serviceproducing industries, by occupational group 16

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 2/19
Table 12. Private industry, workers in manufacturing and

nonmanufacturing industries, by occupational group 17

Table 13. Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry

and occupational group 18

Table 14. Private industry, by establishment employment size, and

major industry and occupational group 19

Table 15. Private industry, workers in health services, by industry

and occupational group 20

Table 16. Private industry, workers in transportation equipment

manufacturing and public utilities, by industry and

occupational group 21

Explanatory notes 22

Appendix table.Employer costs per hour worked for components of

compensation, and relative standard errors, by major industry and

occupational categories, March 2001 25

Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian

workers, by major occupational group, March 2001

Civilian workers White collar Blue collar Service

Compensation

component

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation............................. $22.15 100.0 $26.82 100.0 $19.57 100.0 $12.40 100.0

Wages and salaries........................... 16.07 72.6 19.73 73.6 13.59 69.4 9.15 73.8

Total benefits............................... 6.08 27.4 7.09 26.4 5.98 30.6 3.25 26.2

Paid leave................................. 1.51 6.8 1.98 7.4 1.14 5.8 .71 5.7

Vacation................................. .70 3.2 .89 3.3 .56 2.9 .32 2.6

Holiday.................................. .51 2.3 .66 2.5 .41 2.1 .23 1.9

Sick..................................... .23 1.0 .33 1.2 .12 .6 .12 1.0

Other.................................... .08 .4 .10 .4 .05 .3 .04 .3

Supplemental pay........................... .56 2.5 .58 2.2 .74 3.8 .23 1.9

Premium(1)............................... .22 1.0 .11 .4 .50 2.6 .12 1.0

Shift differentials...................... .05 .2 .05 .2 .07 .4 .05 .4

Nonproduction bonuses.................... .29 1.3 .42 1.6 .18 .9 .06 .5

Insurance.................................. 1.46 6.6 1.67 6.2 1.51 7.7 .78 6.3

Life..................................... .05 .2 .06 .2 .05 .3 .02 .2

Health................................... 1.35 6.1 1.53 5.7 1.40 7.2 .74 6.0

Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .04 .1 .04 .2 .02 .2

Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .04 .1 .02 .1 (2) (3)

Retirement and savings..................... .78 3.5 .95 3.5 .69 3.5 .39 3.1

Defined benefit.......................... .40 1.8 .43 1.6 .40 2.0 .30 2.4

Defined contribution..................... .38 1.7 .52 1.9 .29 1.5 .10 .8

Legally required benefits.................. 1.73 7.8 1.87 7.0 1.87 9.6 1.13 9.1

Social Security(4)....................... 1.28 5.8 1.54 5.7 1.15 5.9 .75 6.0

OASDI.................................. 1.02 4.6 1.22 4.5 .93 4.8 .60 4.8

Medicare............................... .26 1.2 .32 1.2 .22 1.1 .15 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .2

State unemployment insurance............. .09 .4 .08 .3 .10 .5 .07 .6

Workers' compensation.................... .34 1.5 .22 .8 .59 3.0 .27 2.2

Other benefits(5).......................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 (2) (3)

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the

acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian workers,

by occupational and industry group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 3/19
Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

Civilian workers............................... $22.15 $16.07 $6.08 $1.51 $0.56 $1.46 $0.78 $1.73 $0.03

Occupational group

White-collar occupations..................... 26.82 19.73 7.09 1.98 .58 1.67 .95 1.87 .03

Professional specialty and technical....... 36.04 26.74 9.31 2.67 .57 2.15 1.47 2.40 .05

Professional specialty................... 38.77 28.94 9.83 2.85 .53 2.26 1.63 2.51 .06

Nurses................................. 32.26 23.35 8.92 2.59 1.06 1.61 .94 2.71 .02

Teachers............................... 40.93 31.31 9.62 2.16 .08 2.75 2.24 2.31 .08

Technical................................ 26.97 19.41 7.56 2.08 .69 1.80 .93 2.03 .03

Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 40.25 28.94 11.32 3.50 1.39 2.21 1.54 2.62 .05

Administrative support, including clerical. 17.59 12.62 4.96 1.26 .35 1.48 .55 1.30 .02

Blue-collar occupations...................... 19.57 13.59 5.98 1.14 .74 1.51 .69 1.87 .03

Service occupations.......................... 12.40 9.15 3.25 .71 .23 .78 .39 1.13 (2)

Industry group

Services..................................... 23.54 17.59 5.96 1.64 .31 1.46 .80 1.72 .02

Health services............................ 23.75 17.26 6.50 2.01 .45 1.48 .72 1.83 (2)

Hospitals................................ 25.31 17.75 7.57 2.22 .65 1.88 .82 1.99 .02

Educational services....................... 32.09 23.83 8.27 2.05 .11 2.49 1.70 1.87 .05

Elementary and secondary education....... 31.29 23.29 7.99 1.81 .08 2.68 1.64 1.71 .08

Higher education......................... 34.65 25.54 9.11 2.58 .15 2.28 1.94 2.15 (2)

Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers............................... 100.0 72.6 27.4 6.8 2.5 6.6 3.5 7.8 0.1

Occupational group

White-collar occupations..................... 100.0 73.6 26.4 7.4 2.2 6.2 3.5 7.0 .1

Professional specialty and technical....... 100.0 74.2 25.8 7.4 1.6 6.0 4.1 6.7 .1

Professional specialty................... 100.0 74.6 25.4 7.4 1.4 5.8 4.2 6.5 .2

Nurses................................. 100.0 72.4 27.7 8.0 3.3 5.0 2.9 8.4 .1

Teachers............................... 100.0 76.5 23.5 5.3 .2 6.7 5.5 5.6 .2

Technical................................ 100.0 72.0 28.0 7.7 2.6 6.7 3.4 7.5 .1

Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.7 3.5 5.5 3.8 6.5 .1

Administrative support, including clerical. 100.0 71.7 28.2 7.2 2.0 8.4 3.1 7.4 .1

Blue-collar occupations...................... 100.0 69.4 30.6 5.8 3.8 7.7 3.5 9.6 .2

Service occupations.......................... 100.0 73.8 26.2 5.7 1.9 6.3 3.1 9.1 (3)

Industry group

Services..................................... 100.0 74.7 25.3 7.0 1.3 6.2 3.4 7.3 .1

Health services............................ 100.0 72.7 27.4 8.5 1.9 6.2 3.0 7.7 (3)

Hospitals................................ 100.0 70.1 29.9 8.8 2.6 7.4 3.2 7.9 .1

Educational services....................... 100.0 74.3 25.8 6.4 .3 7.8 5.3 5.8 .2

Elementary and secondary education....... 100.0 74.4 25.5 5.8 .3 8.6 5.2 5.5 .3

Higher education......................... 100.0 73.7 26.3 7.4 .4 6.6 5.6 6.2 (3)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local

government, by selected characteristics,(1) March 2001

All workers White collar Service occupations Service industries

Compensation occupations

component

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation............................. $30.06 100.0 $33.32 100.0 $22.83 100.0 $31.69 100.0

Wages and salaries........................... 21.34 71.0 24.22 72.7 14.91 65.3 23.18 73.1

Total benefits............................... 8.73 29.0 9.10 27.3 7.92 34.7 8.51 26.9

Paid leave................................. 2.34 7.8 2.42 7.3 2.13 9.3 2.13 6.7

Vacation................................. .80 2.7 .75 2.3 .92 4.0 .59 1.9

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 4/19
Holiday.................................. .76 2.5 .80 2.4 .67 2.9 .71 2.2

Sick..................................... .59 2.0 .67 2.0 .39 1.7 .64 2.0

Other.................................... .18 .6 .20 .6 .15 .7 .19 .6

Supplemental pay........................... .26 .9 .15 .5 .55 2.4 .17 .5

Premium(2)............................... .12 .4 .04 .1 .29 1.3 .05 .2

Shift differentials...................... .06 .2 .04 .1 .13 .6 .05 .2

Nonproduction bonuses.................... .08 .3 .07 .2 .14 .6 .06 .2

Insurance.................................. 2.56 8.5 2.72 8.2 2.11 9.2 2.61 8.2

Life..................................... .06 .2 .06 .2 .05 .2 .05 .2

Health................................... 2.45 8.2 2.60 7.8 2.00 8.8 2.50 7.9

Short-term disability.................... .03 .1 .02 .1 .05 .2 .02 .1

Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .04 .1 .02 .1 .03 .1

Retirement and savings..................... 1.73 5.8 1.83 5.5 1.62 7.1 1.72 5.4

Defined benefit.......................... 1.51 5.0 1.59 4.8 1.52 6.7 1.51 4.8

Defined contribution..................... .22 .7 .24 .7 .10 .4 .21 .7

Legally required benefits.................. 1.78 5.9 1.92 5.8 1.45 6.4 1.83 5.8

Social Security(3)....................... 1.40 4.7 1.59 4.8 .93 4.1 1.52 4.8

OASDI.................................. 1.08 3.6 1.23 3.7 .71 3.1 1.18 3.7

Medicare............................... .32 1.1 .36 1.1 .22 1.0 .34 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance........... (4) (5) (4) (5) (4) (5) (4) (5)

State unemployment insurance............. .04 .1 .04 .1 .04 .2 .04 .1

Workers' compensation.................... .34 1.1 .28 .8 .48 2.1 .27 .9

Other benefits(6).......................... .06 .2 .06 .2 .06 .3 .06 .2

1 This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State and local governments: White-collar occupations, largely

professional occupations, including teachers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters; and one major industry group,

services. The service industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government

workforce.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

5 Less than .05 percent.

6 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local

government, by occupational and industry group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

State and local government workers............. $30.06 $21.34 $8.73 $2.34 $0.26 $2.56 $1.73 $1.78 $0.06

Occupational group

White-collar occupations..................... 33.32 24.22 9.10 2.42 .15 2.72 1.83 1.92 .06

Professional specialty and technical....... 39.26 29.35 9.92 2.39 .16 2.88 2.19 2.22 .08

Professional specialty................... 40.59 30.47 10.12 2.40 .14 2.96 2.27 2.27 .08

Teachers............................... 43.38 33.03 10.35 2.28 .08 3.10 2.53 2.27 .10

Technical................................ 25.32 17.53 7.79 2.28 .40 2.03 1.36 1.68 .04

Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 37.42 26.31 11.12 3.76 .19 2.88 2.10 2.15 .03

Administrative support, including clerical. 19.27 12.88 6.39 1.76 .11 2.32 .99 1.19 .03

Blue-collar occupations...................... 23.44 15.49 7.95 2.25 .37 2.45 1.28 1.57 .03

Service occupations.......................... 22.83 14.91 7.92 2.13 .55 2.11 1.62 1.45 .06

Industry group

Services..................................... 31.69 23.18 8.51 2.13 .17 2.61 1.72 1.83 .06

Health services............................ 24.52 16.22 8.29 2.42 .61 2.02 1.09 2.12 .04

Hospitals................................ 25.10 16.62 8.49 2.48 .60 2.03 1.13 2.21 .04

Educational services....................... 32.99 24.44 8.55 2.07 .11 2.68 1.83 1.80 .06

Elementary and secondary education....... 32.06 23.83 8.23 1.83 .08 2.81 1.73 1.70 .08

Higher education......................... 36.11 26.63 9.48 2.69 .18 2.40 2.11 2.09 (2)

Public administration........................ 27.19 18.14 9.05 2.72 .40 2.45 1.77 1.66 .05

Percent of total compensation

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 5/19
State and local government workers............. 100.0 71.0 29.0 7.8 0.9 8.5 5.8 5.9 0.2

Occupational group

White-collar occupations..................... 100.0 72.7 27.3 7.3 .5 8.2 5.5 5.8 .2

Professional specialty and technical....... 100.0 74.8 25.3 6.1 .4 7.3 5.6 5.7 .2

Professional specialty................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.9 .3 7.3 5.6 5.6 .2

Teachers............................... 100.0 76.1 23.9 5.3 .2 7.1 5.8 5.2 .2

Technical................................ 100.0 69.2 30.8 9.0 1.6 8.0 5.4 6.6 .2

Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 100.0 70.3 29.7 10.0 .5 7.7 5.6 5.7 .1

Administrative support, including clerical. 100.0 66.8 33.2 9.1 .6 12.0 5.1 6.2 .2

Blue-collar occupations...................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 9.6 1.6 10.5 5.5 6.7 .1

Service occupations.......................... 100.0 65.3 34.7 9.3 2.4 9.2 7.1 6.4 .3

Industry group

Services..................................... 100.0 73.1 26.9 6.7 .5 8.2 5.4 5.8 .2

Health services............................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 9.9 2.5 8.2 4.4 8.6 .2

Hospitals................................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 9.9 2.4 8.1 4.5 8.8 .2

Educational services....................... 100.0 74.1 25.9 6.3 .3 8.1 5.5 5.5 .2

Elementary and secondary education....... 100.0 74.3 25.7 5.7 .2 8.8 5.4 5.3 .2

Higher education......................... 100.0 73.7 26.3 7.4 .5 6.6 5.8 5.8 (3)

Public administration........................ 100.0 66.7 33.3 10.0 1.5 9.0 6.5 6.1 .2

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by major industry group, March 2001

All workers Goods Service Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

Compensation producing(1) producing(2)

component

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost

Percent

Total compensation............................. $20.81 100.0 $24.40 100.0 $19.74 100.0 $24.30 100.0 $20.12 100.0

Wages and salaries........................... 15.18 72.9 16.86 69.1 14.68 74.4 16.66 68.6 14.89 74.0

Total benefits............................... 5.63 27.1 7.55 30.9 5.06 25.6 7.64 31.4 5.23 26.0

Paid leave................................. 1.37 6.6 1.60 6.6 1.30 6.6 1.85 7.6 1.28 6.4

Vacation................................. .68 3.3 .81 3.3 .64 3.2 .92 3.8 .63 3.1

Holiday.................................. .47 2.3 .59 2.4 .44 2.2 .68 2.8 .43 2.1

Sick..................................... .17 .8 .13 .5 .18 .9 .15 .6 .17 .8

Other.................................... .06 .3 .08 .3 .05 .3 .10 .4 .05 .2

Supplemental pay........................... .61 2.9 1.07 4.4 .48 2.4 1.09 4.5 .52 2.6

Premium(3)............................... .24 1.2 .54 2.2 .15 .8 .58 2.4 .17 .8

Shift differentials...................... .05 .2 .08 .3 .05 .3 .11 .5 .04 .2

Nonproduction bonuses.................... .32 1.5 .44 1.8 .29 1.5 .41 1.7 .31 1.5

Insurance.................................. 1.28 6.2 1.85 7.6 1.11 5.6 1.93 7.9 1.15 5.7

Life..................................... .05 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 .07 .3 .04 .2

Health................................... 1.16 5.6 1.68 6.9 1.01 5.1 1.75 7.2 1.05 5.2

Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .07 .3 .03 .2 .08 .3 .03 .1

Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 .04 .2 .03 .1

Retirement and savings..................... .62 3.0 .83 3.4 .55 2.8 .75 3.1 .59 2.9

Defined benefit.......................... .21 1.0 .38 1.6 .16 .8 .29 1.2 .20 1.0

Defined contribution..................... .40 1.9 .46 1.9 .39 2.0 .46 1.9 .39 1.9

Legally required benefits.................. 1.73 8.3 2.14 8.8 1.60 8.1 1.95 8.0 1.68 8.3

Social Security(4)....................... 1.26 6.1 1.43 5.9 1.21 6.1 1.42 5.8 1.23 6.1

OASDI.................................. 1.02 4.9 1.15 4.7 .97 4.9 1.15 4.7 .99 4.9

Medicare............................... .25 1.2 .28 1.1 .24 1.2 .28 1.2 .24 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1

State unemployment insurance............. .09 .4 .12 .5 .09 .5 .10 .4 .09 .4

Workers' compensation.................... .33 1.6 .56 2.3 .27 1.4 .40 1.6 .32 1.6

Other benefits(5).......................... .02 .1 .05 .2 (6) (7) .07 .3 (6) (7)

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 6/19
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

6 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

7 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, by major occupational group, March 2001

All workers White collar Blue collar Service

Compensation

component

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation............................. $20.81 100.0 $25.34 100.0 $19.35 100.0 $10.32 100.0

Wages and salaries........................... 15.18 72.9 18.71 73.8 13.48 69.7 8.00 77.5

Total benefits............................... 5.63 27.1 6.63 26.2 5.87 30.3 2.32 22.5

Paid leave................................. 1.37 6.6 1.88 7.4 1.08 5.6 .42 4.1

Vacation................................. .68 3.3 .92 3.6 .54 2.8 .20 1.9

Holiday.................................. .47 2.3 .63 2.5 .39 2.0 .14 1.4

Sick..................................... .17 .8 .25 1.0 .10 .5 .07 .7

Other.................................... .06 .3 .08 .3 .04 .2 .02 .2

Supplemental pay........................... .61 2.9 .68 2.7 .76 3.9 .16 1.6

Premium(1)............................... .24 1.2 .13 .5 .51 2.6 .08 .8

Shift differentials...................... .05 .2 .05 .2 .07 .4 .03 .3

Nonproduction bonuses.................... .32 1.5 .50 2.0 .19 1.0 .04 .4

Insurance.................................. 1.28 6.2 1.43 5.6 1.45 7.5 .52 5.0

Life..................................... .05 .2 .06 .2 .05 .3 (2) (3)

Health................................... 1.16 5.6 1.29 5.1 1.34 6.9 .49 4.7

Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .04 .2 .05 .3 (2) (3)

Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .04 .2 .02 .1 (2) (3)

Retirement and savings..................... .62 3.0 .75 3.0 .66 3.4 .15 1.5

Defined benefit.......................... .21 1.0 .17 .7 .37 1.9 .05 .5

Defined contribution..................... .40 1.9 .58 2.3 .29 1.5 .09 .9

Legally required benefits.................. 1.73 8.3 1.85 7.3 1.89 9.8 1.07 10.4

Social Security(4)....................... 1.26 6.1 1.52 6.0 1.15 5.9 .72 7.0

OASDI.................................. 1.02 4.9 1.22 4.8 .93 4.8 .58 5.6

Medicare............................... .25 1.2 .31 1.2 .22 1.1 .14 1.4

Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 .04 .4

State unemployment insurance............. .09 .4 .09 .4 .11 .6 .08 .8

Workers' compensation.................... .33 1.6 .21 .8 .60 3.1 .23 2.2

Other benefits(5).......................... .02 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 (2) (3)

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the

acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by

region and bargaining status, March 2001

Region(1) Bargaining

status

Compensation

component Northeast South Midwest West Union

Nonunion

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost

Percent

Total compensation..................... $23.91 100.0 $18.59 100.0 $20.47 100.0 $21.86 100.0 $27.80 100.0

$19.98 100.0

Wages and salaries................... 17.22 72.0 13.71 73.7 14.69 71.8 16.19 74.1 18.36 66.0

14.81 74.1

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 7/19
Total benefits....................... 6.69 28.0 4.89 26.3 5.78 28.2 5.67 25.9 9.45 34.0

5.18 25.9

Paid leave......................... 1.73 7.2 1.17 6.3 1.33 6.5 1.41 6.5 1.92 6.9

1.31 6.6

Vacation......................... .86 3.6 .58 3.1 .66 3.2 .69 3.2 .98 3.5

.64 3.2

Holiday.......................... .58 2.4 .40 2.2 .46 2.2 .49 2.2 .64 2.3

.45 2.3

Sick............................. .22 .9 .14 .8 .15 .7 .19 .9 .22 .8

.16 .8

Other............................ .07 .3 .05 .3 .07 .3 .04 .2 .08 .3

.05 .3

Supplemental pay................... .78 3.3 .48 2.6 .75 3.7 .52 2.4 1.12 4.0

.55 2.8

Premium(2)....................... .21 .9 .22 1.2 .30 1.5 .22 1.0 .66 2.4

.19 1.0

Shift differentials.............. .06 .3 .04 .2 .08 .4 .04 .2 .15 .5

.04 .2

Nonproduction bonuses............ .52 2.2 .22 1.2 .37 1.8 .26 1.2 .30 1.1

.32 1.6

Insurance.......................... 1.50 6.3 1.16 6.2 1.35 6.6 1.19 5.4 2.48 8.9

1.14 5.7

Life............................. .05 .2 .04 .2 .05 .2 .04 .2 .09 .3

.04 .2

Health........................... 1.37 5.7 1.05 5.6 1.22 6.0 1.09 5.0 2.26 8.1

1.04 5.2

Short-term disability............ .05 .2 .03 .2 .04 .2 .03 .1 .08 .3

.03 .2

Long-term disability............. .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .05 .2

.03 .2

Retirement and savings............. .74 3.1 .51 2.7 .63 3.1 .66 3.0 1.52 5.5

.51 2.6

Defined benefit.................. .24 1.0 .16 .9 .27 1.3 .21 1.0 1.08 3.9

.11 .6

Defined contribution............. .50 2.1 .34 1.8 .37 1.8 .45 2.1 .45 1.6

.40 2.0

Legally required benefits.......... 1.90 7.9 1.55 8.3 1.69 8.3 1.87 8.6 2.34 8.4

1.65 8.3

Social Security(3)............... 1.41 5.9 1.15 6.2 1.24 6.1 1.34 6.1 1.56 5.6

1.23 6.2

OASDI.......................... 1.13 4.7 .93 5.0 .99 4.8 1.07 4.9 1.26 4.5

.99 5.0

Medicare....................... .28 1.2 .22 1.2 .24 1.2 .26 1.2 .30 1.1

.24 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance... .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1

.03 .2

State unemployment insurance..... .14 .6 .06 .3 .08 .4 .11 .5 .13 .5

.09 .5

Workers' compensation............ .32 1.3 .31 1.7 .34 1.7 .39 1.8 .62 2.2

.30 1.5

Other benefits(4).................. .03 .1 .02 .1 .03 .1 (5) (6) .07 .3

.02 .1

1 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania, Rhode

Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,

Mississippi, North

Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,

Minnesota,

Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho,

Montana,

Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for

Old-Age,

Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

4 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

6 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, March 2001

All workers 1-99 workers 100 workers or 100-499 workers 500 workers or

Compensation more more

component

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost

Percent

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 8/19
Total compensation............................. $20.81 100.0 $17.86 100.0 $24.19 100.0 $20.97 100.0 $28.17 100.0

Wages and salaries........................... 15.18 72.9 13.41 75.1 17.20 71.1 15.21 72.5 19.67 69.8

Total benefits............................... 5.63 27.1 4.45 24.9 6.99 28.9 5.76 27.5 8.50 30.2

Paid leave................................. 1.37 6.6 1.02 5.7 1.78 7.4 1.39 6.6 2.27 8.1

Vacation................................. .68 3.3 .50 2.8 .88 3.6 .68 3.2 1.13 4.0

Holiday.................................. .47 2.3 .35 2.0 .61 2.5 .49 2.3 .75 2.7

Sick..................................... .17 .8 .13 .7 .21 .9 .16 .8 .28 1.0

Other.................................... .06 .3 .03 .2 .08 .3 .06 .3 .11 .4

Supplemental pay........................... .61 2.9 .47 2.6 .78 3.2 .64 3.1 .95 3.4

Premium(1)............................... .24 1.2 .18 1.0 .31 1.3 .27 1.3 .36 1.3

Shift differentials...................... .05 .2 (2) (3) .10 .4 .07 .3 .14 .5

Nonproduction bonuses.................... .32 1.5 .28 1.6 .37 1.5 .30 1.4 .45 1.6

Insurance.................................. 1.28 6.2 .94 5.3 1.66 6.9 1.38 6.6 2.00 7.1

Life..................................... .05 .2 .03 .2 .06 .2 .05 .2 .08 .3

Health................................... 1.16 5.6 .88 4.9 1.49 6.2 1.26 6.0 1.79 6.4

Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .02 .1 .06 .2 .05 .2 .08 .3

Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .02 .1 .04 .2 .03 .1 .06 .2

Retirement and savings..................... .62 3.0 .42 2.4 .84 3.5 .61 2.9 1.12 4.0

Defined benefit.......................... .21 1.0 .12 .7 .32 1.3 .21 1.0 .46 1.6

Defined contribution..................... .40 1.9 .31 1.7 .51 2.1 .40 1.9 .66 2.3

Legally required benefits.................. 1.73 8.3 1.59 8.9 1.89 7.8 1.72 8.2 2.09 7.4

Social Security(4)....................... 1.26 6.1 1.11 6.2 1.44 6.0 1.27 6.1 1.65 5.9

OASDI.................................. 1.02 4.9 .89 5.0 1.15 4.8 1.02 4.9 1.32 4.7

Medicare............................... .25 1.2 .22 1.2 .28 1.2 .25 1.2 .33 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1

State unemployment insurance............. .09 .4 .09 .5 .10 .4 .10 .5 .09 .3

Workers' compensation.................... .33 1.6 .35 2.0 .32 1.3 .32 1.5 .32 1.1

Other benefits(5).......................... .02 .1 (2) (3) .04 .2 .02 .1 .07 .2

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry........... $23.55 $16.91 $6.64 $1.67 $0.74 $1.55 $0.75 $1.89 $0.03

White-collar occupations.......................... 28.37 20.68 7.69 2.25 .80 1.70 .91 2.00 .03

Sales........................................... 21.13 16.27 4.86 1.22 .49 1.11 .43 1.61 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 18.43 13.21 5.22 1.33 .44 1.52 .54 1.38 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 20.41 14.10 6.30 1.18 .84 1.58 .71 1.97 .03

Service occupations............................... 12.20 9.04 3.15 .68 .23 .83 .25 1.16 (2)

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 24.72 17.05 7.68 1.64 1.09 1.89 .85 2.16 .05

Construction.................................... 24.28 17.16 7.12 .86 1.02 1.54 1.07 2.63 (2)

Manufacturing................................... 24.66 16.87 7.79 1.89 1.11 1.97 .76 1.97 .07

Service-producing industries(4)................... 23.07 16.85 6.22 1.69 .60 1.42 .72 1.78 .02

Transportation and public utilities............. 29.45 20.09 9.36 2.16 1.29 2.20 1.38 2.28 .04

Wholesale trade................................. 23.76 17.13 6.63 1.63 .73 1.64 .68 1.92 .03

Retail trade.................................... 14.71 11.44 3.26 .74 .25 .72 .24 1.32 (2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 29.08 20.52 8.56 2.23 1.33 1.83 1.18 1.93 .06

Services........................................ 23.54 17.42 6.11 1.86 .40 1.38 .67 1.79 (2)

All part-time workers in private industry........... 11.65 9.41 2.25 .37 .18 .36 .15 1.18 (2)

White-collar occupations.......................... 14.31 11.55 2.76 .54 .25 .46 .20 1.31 (2)

Sales........................................... 8.89 7.36 1.53 .22 .10 .18 .11 .92 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 12.59 10.00 2.59 .51 .21 .55 .20 1.11 (2)

Blue-collar occupations........................... 11.53 8.87 2.66 .37 .23 .50 .26 1.30 (2)

Service occupations............................... 8.21 6.83 1.38 .14 .08 .17 .04 .96 (2)

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 13.31 10.28 3.03 .43 .29 .46 .31 1.54 (2)

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 9/19
Service-producing industries(4)................... 11.60 9.38 2.22 .37 .18 .36 .14 1.17 (2)

Retail trade.................................... 8.24 6.79 1.44 .17 .09 .19 .08 .91 (2)

Service industries.............................. 14.55 11.84 2.70 .51 .23 .42 .15 1.38 (2)

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry........... 100.0 71.8 28.2 7.1 3.1 6.6 3.2 8.0 0.1

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 7.9 2.8 6.0 3.2 7.0 .1

Sales........................................... 100.0 77.0 23.0 5.8 2.3 5.3 2.0 7.6 (5)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 71.7 28.3 7.2 2.4 8.2 2.9 7.5 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 5.8 4.1 7.7 3.5 9.7 .1

Service occupations............................... 100.0 74.1 25.8 5.6 1.9 6.8 2.0 9.5 (5)

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 69.0 31.1 6.6 4.4 7.6 3.4 8.7 .2

Construction.................................... 100.0 70.7 29.3 3.5 4.2 6.3 4.4 10.8 (5)

Manufacturing................................... 100.0 68.4 31.6 7.7 4.5 8.0 3.1 8.0 .3

Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 73.0 27.0 7.3 2.6 6.2 3.1 7.7 .1

Transportation and public utilities............. 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.3 4.4 7.5 4.7 7.7 .1

Wholesale trade................................. 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.9 3.1 6.9 2.9 8.1 .1

Retail trade.................................... 100.0 77.8 22.2 5.0 1.7 4.9 1.6 9.0 (5)

Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.7 4.6 6.3 4.1 6.6 .2

Services........................................ 100.0 74.0 26.0 7.9 1.7 5.9 2.8 7.6 (5)

All part-time workers in private industry........... 100.0 80.8 19.3 3.2 1.5 3.1 1.3 10.1 (5)

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 80.7 19.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 1.4 9.2 (5)

Sales........................................... 100.0 82.8 17.2 2.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 10.3 (5)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 79.4 20.6 4.1 1.7 4.4 1.6 8.8 (5)

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 76.9 23.1 3.2 2.0 4.3 2.3 11.3 (5)

Service occupations............................... 100.0 83.2 16.8 1.7 1.0 2.1 .5 11.7 (5)

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 77.2 22.8 3.2 2.2 3.5 2.3 11.6 (5)

Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 80.9 19.1 3.2 1.6 3.1 1.2 10.1 (5)

Retail trade.................................... 100.0 82.4 17.5 2.1 1.1 2.3 1.0 11.0 (5)

Service industries.............................. 100.0 81.4 18.6 3.5 1.6 2.9 1.0 9.5 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All workers in private industry..................... $20.81 $15.18 $5.63 $1.37 $0.61 $1.28 $0.62 $1.73 $0.02

Occupational group

White-collar occupations.......................... 25.34 18.71 6.63 1.88 .68 1.43 .75 1.85 .03

Professional specialty and technical............ 34.48 25.47 9.01 2.80 .77 1.80 1.12 2.48 .04

Professional specialty........................ 37.62 27.97 9.65 3.13 .79 1.82 1.22 2.66 .04

Technical..................................... 27.20 19.68 7.53 2.06 .73 1.77 .87 2.08 .03

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 40.86 29.50 11.36 3.45 1.65 2.07 1.42 2.72 .06

Sales........................................... 16.11 12.62 3.49 .81 .33 .73 .29 1.33 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 17.27 12.57 4.70 1.17 .39 1.33 .47 1.32 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 19.35 13.48 5.87 1.08 .76 1.45 .66 1.89 .03

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 24.84 17.38 7.47 1.46 .91 1.75 .94 2.37 .03

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 17.98 12.05 5.93 1.19 1.00 1.57 .51 1.61 .05

Transportation and material moving.............. 19.08 13.30 5.78 .93 .65 1.43 .73 2.03 .02

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 13.83 9.97 3.86 .61 .44 1.00 .38 1.43 (2)

Service occupations............................... 10.32 8.00 2.32 .42 .16 .52 .15 1.07 (2)

Industry group

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 24.40 16.86 7.55 1.60 1.07 1.85 .83 2.14 .05

Construction.................................... 24.08 17.04 7.04 .85 1.00 1.51 1.05 2.62 (2)

Manufacturing................................... 24.30 16.66 7.64 1.85 1.09 1.93 .75 1.95 .07

Durables...................................... 25.63 17.35 8.28 2.00 1.24 2.08 .81 2.07 .09

Nondurables................................... 22.25 15.59 6.66 1.63 .86 1.70 .65 1.78 .04

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 10/19
Service-producing industries(4)................... 19.74 14.68 5.06 1.30 .48 1.11 .55 1.60 (2)

Transportation and public utilities............. 27.70 18.94 8.76 1.98 1.17 2.08 1.28 2.21 .04

Wholesale trade................................. 22.83 16.51 6.33 1.53 .70 1.55 .65 1.88 .03

Retail trade.................................... 11.49 9.13 2.36 .46 .17 .46 .16 1.11 (2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 27.29 19.35 7.93 2.04 1.22 1.70 1.07 1.84 .06

Services........................................ 21.11 15.92 5.19 1.49 .36 1.12 .53 1.68 (2)

Percent of total compensation

All workers in private industry..................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.6 2.9 6.2 3.0 8.3 0.1

Occupational group

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 73.8 26.2 7.4 2.7 5.6 3.0 7.3 .1

Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 73.9 26.1 8.1 2.2 5.2 3.2 7.2 .1

Professional specialty........................ 100.0 74.3 25.7 8.3 2.1 4.8 3.2 7.1 .1

Technical..................................... 100.0 72.4 27.7 7.6 2.7 6.5 3.2 7.6 .1

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 72.2 27.8 8.4 4.0 5.1 3.5 6.7 .1

Sales........................................... 100.0 78.3 21.7 5.0 2.0 4.5 1.8 8.3 (5)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 72.8 27.2 6.8 2.3 7.7 2.7 7.6 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 5.6 3.9 7.5 3.4 9.8 .2

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 70.0 30.1 5.9 3.7 7.0 3.8 9.5 .1

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 67.0 33.0 6.6 5.6 8.7 2.8 9.0 .3

Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 69.7 30.3 4.9 3.4 7.5 3.8 10.6 .1

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 100.0 72.1 27.9 4.4 3.2 7.2 2.7 10.3 (5)

Service occupations............................... 100.0 77.5 22.5 4.1 1.6 5.0 1.5 10.4 (5)

Industry group

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 6.6 4.4 7.6 3.4 8.8 .2

Construction.................................... 100.0 70.8 29.2 3.5 4.2 6.3 4.4 10.9 (5)

Manufacturing................................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.6 4.5 7.9 3.1 8.0 .3

Durables...................................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 7.8 4.8 8.1 3.2 8.1 .4

Nondurables................................... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.3 3.9 7.6 2.9 8.0 .2

Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 74.4 25.6 6.6 2.4 5.6 2.8 8.1 (5)

Transportation and public utilities............. 100.0 68.4 31.6 7.1 4.2 7.5 4.6 8.0 .1

Wholesale trade................................. 100.0 72.3 27.7 6.7 3.1 6.8 2.8 8.2 .1

Retail trade.................................... 100.0 79.5 20.5 4.0 1.5 4.0 1.4 9.7 (5)

Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 100.0 70.9 29.1 7.5 4.5 6.2 3.9 6.7 .2

Services........................................ 100.0 75.4 24.6 7.1 1.7 5.3 2.5 8.0 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......... $24.40 $16.86 $7.55 $1.60 $1.07 $1.85 $0.83 $2.14 $0.05

White-collar occupations.......................... 32.90 23.30 9.60 2.70 1.29 2.20 1.01 2.32 .07

Professional specialty and technical............ 36.95 25.85 11.10 3.40 1.08 2.63 1.26 2.57 .15

Professional specialty........................ 42.10 29.71 12.38 3.98 1.04 2.78 1.53 2.86 .19

Technical..................................... 28.51 19.52 8.99 2.44 1.15 2.39 .82 2.10 .09

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 45.41 32.31 13.10 3.71 2.46 2.39 1.38 3.12 .04

Administrative support, including clerical...... 20.03 13.97 6.06 1.46 .77 1.78 .53 1.51 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 21.23 14.45 6.78 1.19 .99 1.72 .77 2.08 .04

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 25.60 17.65 7.95 1.36 1.00 1.91 1.06 2.58 .04

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 19.42 12.77 6.66 1.34 1.17 1.77 .60 1.71 .06

Transportation and material moving.............. 22.47 15.16 7.31 1.03 1.09 1.88 .94 2.34 .03

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 15.27 10.81 4.46 .61 .58 1.17 .45 1.63 .02

Service occupations............................... 16.41 11.26 5.16 1.05 .64 1.41 .49 1.47 .10

All workers, service-producing industries(3)........ 19.74 14.68 5.06 1.30 .48 1.11 .55 1.60 (4)

White-collar occupations.......................... 24.27 18.06 6.21 1.77 .59 1.32 .72 1.79 .02

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 11/19
Professional specialty and technical............ 34.00 25.39 8.61 2.69 .71 1.64 1.09 2.46 .02

Professional specialty........................ 36.87 27.68 9.20 2.98 .74 1.66 1.17 2.62 .02

Technical..................................... 26.87 19.72 7.16 1.96 .62 1.61 .88 2.08 (4)

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 39.78 28.83 10.95 3.39 1.46 1.99 1.43 2.62 .06

Sales........................................... 15.52 12.17 3.35 .77 .31 .70 .27 1.29 (4)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 16.89 12.38 4.51 1.13 .34 1.26 .46 1.30 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 17.28 12.42 4.86 .96 .52 1.17 .53 1.68 (4)

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 23.65 16.94 6.71 1.60 .78 1.50 .76 2.05 .02

Transportation and material moving.............. 18.16 12.79 5.36 .90 .52 1.31 .68 1.94 .02

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 12.96 9.46 3.50 .60 .35 .90 .33 1.31 (4)

Service occupations............................... 10.24 7.96 2.28 .41 .16 .51 .14 1.06 (4)

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......... 100.0 69.1 30.9 6.6 4.4 7.6 3.4 8.8 0.2

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 70.8 29.2 8.2 3.9 6.7 3.1 7.1 .2

Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 70.0 30.0 9.2 2.9 7.1 3.4 7.0 .4

Professional specialty........................ 100.0 70.6 29.4 9.5 2.5 6.6 3.6 6.8 .5

Technical..................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 8.6 4.0 8.4 2.9 7.4 .3

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 71.2 28.8 8.2 5.4 5.3 3.0 6.9 .1

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.3 3.8 8.9 2.6 7.5 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 68.1 31.9 5.6 4.7 8.1 3.6 9.8 .2

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 68.9 31.1 5.3 3.9 7.5 4.1 10.1 .2

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 65.8 34.3 6.9 6.0 9.1 3.1 8.8 .3

Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 67.5 32.5 4.6 4.9 8.4 4.2 10.4 .1

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 100.0 70.8 29.2 4.0 3.8 7.7 2.9 10.7 .1

Service occupations............................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.4 3.9 8.6 3.0 9.0 .6

All workers, service-producing industries(3)........ 100.0 74.4 25.6 6.6 2.4 5.6 2.8 8.1 (5)

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 74.4 25.6 7.3 2.4 5.4 3.0 7.4 .1

Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 74.7 25.3 7.9 2.1 4.8 3.2 7.2 .1

Professional specialty........................ 100.0 75.1 25.0 8.1 2.0 4.5 3.2 7.1 .1

Technical..................................... 100.0 73.4 26.6 7.3 2.3 6.0 3.3 7.7 (5)

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 72.5 27.5 8.5 3.7 5.0 3.6 6.6 .2

Sales........................................... 100.0 78.4 21.6 5.0 2.0 4.5 1.7 8.3 (5)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 73.3 26.7 6.7 2.0 7.5 2.7 7.7 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 5.6 3.0 6.8 3.1 9.7 (5)

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.8 3.3 6.3 3.2 8.7 .1

Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 70.4 29.5 5.0 2.9 7.2 3.7 10.7 .1

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 100.0 73.0 27.0 4.6 2.7 6.9 2.5 10.1 (5)

Service occupations............................... 100.0 77.7 22.3 4.0 1.6 5.0 1.4 10.4 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All workers, manufacturing industries............... $24.30 $16.66 $7.64 $1.85 $1.09 $1.93 $0.75 $1.95 $0.07

White-collar occupations.......................... 33.40 23.76 9.64 2.88 1.05 2.28 1.04 2.30 .09

Professional specialty and technical............ 37.36 26.14 11.22 3.47 1.09 2.61 1.29 2.59 .17

Professional specialty........................ 41.71 29.47 12.25 3.98 1.01 2.71 1.50 2.85 .20

Technical..................................... 29.40 20.04 9.35 2.54 1.25 2.44 .90 2.12 .10

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 47.00 34.41 12.59 4.17 1.45 2.49 1.41 3.01 .06

Administrative support, including clerical...... 20.36 14.01 6.35 1.55 .83 1.89 .53 1.52 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 20.23 13.48 6.75 1.39 1.11 1.77 .61 1.80 .06

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 25.32 16.95 8.37 1.90 1.34 2.07 .79 2.20 .07

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 19.38 12.72 6.66 1.35 1.17 1.77 .60 1.70 .06

Transportation and material moving.............. 20.35 13.81 6.54 1.16 1.00 1.65 .62 2.07 .04

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 12/19
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 14.73 10.18 4.55 .79 .62 1.36 .36 1.40 .04

Service occupations............................... 17.22 11.59 5.63 1.19 .72 1.59 .57 1.46 .11

All workers, nonmanufacturing industries............ 20.12 14.89 5.23 1.28 .52 1.15 .59 1.68 (2)

White-collar occupations.......................... 24.44 18.15 6.29 1.77 .64 1.34 .72 1.80 .02

Professional specialty and technical............ 33.99 25.35 8.64 2.69 .71 1.66 1.09 2.46 .02

Professional specialty........................ 36.98 27.73 9.25 2.99 .75 1.68 1.18 2.63 .02

Technical..................................... 26.76 19.60 7.15 1.96 .62 1.63 .87 2.07 (2)

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 39.87 28.71 11.16 3.33 1.68 2.00 1.42 2.67 .06

Sales........................................... 15.69 12.30 3.38 .78 .32 .70 .28 1.30 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 16.94 12.42 4.52 1.13 .35 1.27 .46 1.30 .02

Blue-collar occupations........................... 18.86 13.48 5.38 .91 .57 1.28 .68 1.93 (2)

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 24.65 17.54 7.11 1.29 .75 1.62 1.00 2.44 .02

Transportation and material moving.............. 18.90 13.23 5.67 .89 .59 1.40 .75 2.02 .02

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 13.58 9.91 3.66 .55 .38 .90 .38 1.44 (2)

Service occupations............................... 10.25 7.96 2.28 .41 .16 .51 .14 1.06 (2)

Percent of total compensation

All workers, manufacturing industries............... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.6 4.5 7.9 3.1 8.0 0.3

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 71.1 28.9 8.6 3.1 6.8 3.1 6.9 .3

Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 70.0 30.0 9.3 2.9 7.0 3.5 6.9 .5

Professional specialty........................ 100.0 70.7 29.4 9.5 2.4 6.5 3.6 6.8 .5

Technical..................................... 100.0 68.2 31.8 8.6 4.3 8.3 3.1 7.2 .3

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 73.2 26.8 8.9 3.1 5.3 3.0 6.4 .1

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 68.8 31.2 7.6 4.1 9.3 2.6 7.5 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.9 5.5 8.7 3.0 8.9 .3

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 66.9 33.1 7.5 5.3 8.2 3.1 8.7 .3

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 65.6 34.4 7.0 6.0 9.1 3.1 8.8 .3

Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 67.9 32.1 5.7 4.9 8.1 3.0 10.2 .2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 100.0 69.1 30.9 5.4 4.2 9.2 2.4 9.5 .3

Service occupations............................... 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.9 4.2 9.2 3.3 8.5 .6

All workers, nonmanufacturing industries............ 100.0 74.0 26.0 6.4 2.6 5.7 2.9 8.3 (3)

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 74.3 25.7 7.2 2.6 5.5 2.9 7.4 .1

Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 74.6 25.4 7.9 2.1 4.9 3.2 7.2 .1

Professional specialty........................ 100.0 75.0 25.0 8.1 2.0 4.5 3.2 7.1 .1

Technical..................................... 100.0 73.2 26.7 7.3 2.3 6.1 3.3 7.7 (3)

Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 72.0 28.0 8.4 4.2 5.0 3.6 6.7 .2

Sales........................................... 100.0 78.4 21.5 5.0 2.0 4.5 1.8 8.3 (3)

Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 73.3 26.7 6.7 2.1 7.5 2.7 7.7 .1

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 71.5 28.5 4.8 3.0 6.8 3.6 10.2 (3)

Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 71.2 28.8 5.2 3.0 6.6 4.1 9.9 .1

Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 70.0 30.0 4.7 3.1 7.4 4.0 10.7 .1

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers........................................ 100.0 73.0 27.0 4.1 2.8 6.6 2.8 10.6 (3)

Service occupations............................... 100.0 77.7 22.2 4.0 1.6 5.0 1.4 10.3 (3)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All union workers, private industry................. $27.80 $18.36 $9.45 $1.92 $1.12 $2.48 $1.52 $2.34 $0.07

Blue-collar occupations......................... 28.07 18.06 10.01 1.82 1.22 2.66 1.70 2.51 .09

Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 29.65 18.80 10.85 1.83 1.68 2.84 1.74 2.65 .12

Service-producing industries(3)................... 26.38 18.02 8.37 1.98 .68 2.21 1.36 2.10 .03

Manufacturing..................................... 26.69 17.11 9.58 2.10 1.61 2.50 .97 2.25 .15

Blue-collar occupations......................... 26.45 16.90 9.55 2.06 1.63 2.48 .97 2.26 .15

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 13/19
Nonmanufacturing.................................. 28.31 18.93 9.39 1.83 .89 2.47 1.78 2.38 .03

All nonunion workers, private industry.............. 19.98 14.81 5.18 1.31 .55 1.14 .51 1.65 .02

Blue-collar occupations......................... 16.93 12.21 4.72 .87 .64 1.12 .37 1.72 (4)

Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 23.10 16.38 6.72 1.55 .91 1.60 .61 2.01 .04

Service-producing industries(3)................... 19.18 14.40 4.78 1.25 .46 1.02 .48 1.56 (4)

Manufacturing..................................... 23.70 16.54 7.15 1.79 .96 1.78 .69 1.88 .05

Blue-collar occupations......................... 17.96 12.23 5.73 1.15 .93 1.51 .49 1.64 .02

Nonmanufacturing.................................. 19.35 14.51 4.84 1.23 .49 1.02 .48 1.61 (4)

Percent of total compensation

All union workers, private industry................. 100.0 66.0 34.0 6.9 4.0 8.9 5.5 8.4 0.3

Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 64.3 35.7 6.5 4.3 9.5 6.1 8.9 .3

Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 100.0 63.4 36.6 6.2 5.7 9.6 5.9 8.9 .4

Service-producing industries(3)................... 100.0 68.3 31.7 7.5 2.6 8.4 5.2 8.0 .1

Manufacturing..................................... 100.0 64.1 35.9 7.9 6.0 9.4 3.6 8.4 .6

Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 63.9 36.1 7.8 6.2 9.4 3.7 8.5 .6

Nonmanufacturing.................................. 100.0 66.9 33.2 6.5 3.1 8.7 6.3 8.4 .1

All nonunion workers, private industry.............. 100.0 74.1 25.9 6.6 2.8 5.7 2.6 8.3 .1

Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 72.1 27.9 5.1 3.8 6.6 2.2 10.2 (5)

Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 100.0 70.9 29.1 6.7 3.9 6.9 2.6 8.7 .2

Service-producing industries(3)................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 6.5 2.4 5.3 2.5 8.1 (5)

Manufacturing..................................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 7.6 4.1 7.5 2.9 7.9 .2

Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 68.1 31.9 6.4 5.2 8.4 2.7 9.1 .1

Nonmanufacturing.................................. 100.0 75.0 25.0 6.4 2.5 5.3 2.5 8.3 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Industry and occupational group, Total Wages

and employment size compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

All workers in private industry..................... $20.81 $15.18 $5.63 $1.37 $0.61 $1.28 $0.62 $1.73 $0.02

1-99 workers...................................... 17.86 13.41 4.45 1.02 .47 .94 .42 1.59 (2)

100 or more workers............................... 24.19 17.20 6.99 1.78 .78 1.66 .84 1.89 .04

100-499 workers................................. 20.97 15.21 5.76 1.39 .64 1.38 .61 1.72 .02

500 or more workers............................. 28.17 19.67 8.50 2.27 .95 2.00 1.12 2.09 .07

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 24.40 16.86 7.55 1.60 1.07 1.85 .83 2.14 .05

1-99 workers.................................... 20.78 14.89 5.89 .94 .85 1.35 .62 2.13 (2)

100 or more workers............................. 26.96 18.25 8.71 2.07 1.22 2.20 .98 2.15 .08

100-499 workers............................... 23.34 15.94 7.40 1.57 1.10 1.96 .77 1.97 .02

500 or more workers........................... 30.79 20.69 10.09 2.60 1.35 2.46 1.21 2.33 .15

Service-producing industries(4)................... 19.74 14.68 5.06 1.30 .48 1.11 .55 1.60 (2)

1-99 workers.................................... 17.23 13.10 4.14 1.04 .39 .86 .38 1.47 (2)

100 or more workers............................. 23.07 16.78 6.29 1.66 .60 1.44 .78 1.78 .03

100-499 workers............................... 20.11 14.95 5.16 1.32 .47 1.17 .55 1.63 .02

500 or more workers........................... 26.98 19.20 7.77 2.12 .77 1.79 1.08 1.98 .04

White-collar occupations.......................... 25.34 18.71 6.63 1.88 .68 1.43 .75 1.85 .03

1-99 workers.................................... 21.72 16.39 5.33 1.48 .56 1.10 .53 1.65 (2)

100 or more workers............................. 29.06 21.10 7.97 2.30 .80 1.77 .98 2.06 .05

100-499 workers............................... 25.13 18.57 6.55 1.81 .66 1.47 .73 1.85 .03

500 or more workers........................... 33.44 23.90 9.54 2.84 .96 2.10 1.26 2.30 .07

Blue-collar occupations........................... 19.35 13.48 5.87 1.08 .76 1.45 .66 1.89 .03

1-99 workers.................................... 17.67 12.81 4.86 .80 .58 1.12 .49 1.87 (2)

100 or more workers............................. 21.24 14.23 7.00 1.40 .97 1.83 .84 1.91 .05

100-499 workers............................... 18.99 13.07 5.93 1.11 .79 1.59 .63 1.79 (2)

500 or more workers........................... 24.39 15.87 8.52 1.81 1.22 2.18 1.14 2.07 .11

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 14/19
Percent of total compensation

All workers in private industry..................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.6 2.9 6.2 3.0 8.3 0.1

1-99 workers...................................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.7 2.6 5.3 2.4 8.9 (5)

100 or more workers............................... 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.4 3.2 6.9 3.5 7.8 .2

100-499 workers................................. 100.0 72.5 27.5 6.6 3.1 6.6 2.9 8.2 .1

500 or more workers............................. 100.0 69.8 30.2 8.1 3.4 7.1 4.0 7.4 .2

Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 6.6 4.4 7.6 3.4 8.8 .2

1-99 workers.................................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 4.5 4.1 6.5 3.0 10.3 (5)

100 or more workers............................. 100.0 67.7 32.3 7.7 4.5 8.2 3.6 8.0 .3

100-499 workers............................... 100.0 68.3 31.7 6.7 4.7 8.4 3.3 8.4 .1

500 or more workers........................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.4 4.4 8.0 3.9 7.6 .5

Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 74.4 25.6 6.6 2.4 5.6 2.8 8.1 (5)

1-99 workers.................................... 100.0 76.0 24.0 6.0 2.3 5.0 2.2 8.5 (5)

100 or more workers............................. 100.0 72.7 27.3 7.2 2.6 6.2 3.4 7.7 .1

100-499 workers............................... 100.0 74.3 25.7 6.6 2.3 5.8 2.7 8.1 .1

500 or more workers........................... 100.0 71.2 28.8 7.9 2.9 6.6 4.0 7.3 .1

White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 73.8 26.2 7.4 2.7 5.6 3.0 7.3 .1

1-99 workers.................................... 100.0 75.5 24.5 6.8 2.6 5.1 2.4 7.6 (5)

100 or more workers............................. 100.0 72.6 27.4 7.9 2.8 6.1 3.4 7.1 .2

100-499 workers............................... 100.0 73.9 26.1 7.2 2.6 5.8 2.9 7.4 .1

500 or more workers........................... 100.0 71.5 28.5 8.5 2.9 6.3 3.8 6.9 .2

Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 5.6 3.9 7.5 3.4 9.8 .2

1-99 workers.................................... 100.0 72.5 27.5 4.5 3.3 6.3 2.8 10.6 (5)

100 or more workers............................. 100.0 67.0 33.0 6.6 4.6 8.6 4.0 9.0 .2

100-499 workers............................... 100.0 68.8 31.2 5.8 4.2 8.4 3.3 9.4 (5)

500 or more workers........................... 100.0 65.1 34.9 7.4 5.0 8.9 4.7 8.5 .5

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

health services workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

Health services.................................... $23.67 $17.37 $6.30 $1.96 $0.43 $1.42 $0.68 $1.80 (2)

Professional specialty and technical........... 33.84 24.91 8.93 3.14 .69 1.63 1.00 2.46 (2)

Professional specialty....................... 40.77 30.06 10.72 4.11 .77 1.73 1.31 2.80 (2)

Nurses..................................... 31.41 22.68 8.73 2.69 .97 1.64 .91 2.51 (2)

Technical.................................... 22.46 16.47 5.99 1.55 .56 1.48 .49 1.90 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical..... 15.93 11.48 4.45 1.07 .22 1.39 .54 1.23 (2)

Service occupations.............................. 13.12 9.53 3.60 .78 .27 1.09 .29 1.15 (2)

Hospitals........................................ 25.37 18.02 7.34 2.15 .66 1.84 .74 1.93 (2)

Professional specialty and technical........... 31.11 22.26 8.85 2.71 .96 1.90 .90 2.36 $.02

Professional specialty....................... 34.35 24.69 9.66 3.10 1.04 1.90 1.03 2.58 .02

Nurses..................................... 33.32 23.71 9.61 3.04 1.14 1.88 .98 2.55 .02

Technical.................................... 23.26 16.37 6.90 1.79 .77 1.91 .58 1.83 (2)

Administrative support, including clerical..... 17.24 11.82 5.42 1.37 .31 1.86 .57 1.29 (2)

Service occupations.............................. 14.70 10.13 4.57 1.03 .34 1.64 .36 1.20 (2)

Nursing homes.................................... 15.33 11.37 3.95 1.02 .38 .89 .24 1.42 (2)

Professional specialty and technical........... 22.45 16.76 5.69 1.50 .67 1.07 .38 2.07 (2)

Professional specialty....................... 25.96 19.29 6.67 1.86 .69 1.29 .45 2.37 (2)

Technical.................................... 19.50 14.63 4.87 1.19 .66 .88 .32 1.83 (2)

Service occupations.............................. 11.78 8.65 3.13 .72 .31 .80 .17 1.12 (2)

Percent of total compensation

Health services.................................... 100.0 73.4 26.6 8.3 1.8 6.0 2.9 7.6 (3)

Professional specialty and technical........... 100.0 73.6 26.4 9.3 2.0 4.8 3.0 7.3 (3)

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 15/19
Professional specialty....................... 100.0 73.7 26.3 10.1 1.9 4.2 3.2 6.9 (3)

Nurses..................................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 8.6 3.1 5.2 2.9 8.0 (3)

Technical.................................... 100.0 73.3 26.7 6.9 2.5 6.6 2.2 8.5 (3)

Administrative support, including clerical..... 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.7 1.4 8.7 3.4 7.7 (3)

Service occupations.............................. 100.0 72.6 27.4 5.9 2.1 8.3 2.2 8.8 (3)

Hospitals........................................ 100.0 71.0 28.9 8.5 2.6 7.3 2.9 7.6 (3)

Professional specialty and technical........... 100.0 71.6 28.4 8.7 3.1 6.1 2.9 7.6 .1

Professional specialty....................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 9.0 3.0 5.5 3.0 7.5 .1

Nurses..................................... 100.0 71.2 28.8 9.1 3.4 5.6 2.9 7.7 .1

Technical.................................... 100.0 70.4 29.7 7.7 3.3 8.2 2.5 7.9 (3)

Administrative support, including clerical..... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.9 1.8 10.8 3.3 7.5 (3)

Service occupations.............................. 100.0 68.9 31.1 7.0 2.3 11.2 2.4 8.2 (3)

Nursing homes.................................... 100.0 74.2 25.8 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.6 9.3 (3)

Professional specialty and technical........... 100.0 74.7 25.3 6.7 3.0 4.8 1.7 9.2 (3)

Professional specialty....................... 100.0 74.3 25.7 7.2 2.7 5.0 1.7 9.1 (3)

Technical.................................... 100.0 75.0 25.0 6.1 3.4 4.5 1.6 9.4 (3)

Service occupations.............................. 100.0 73.4 26.6 6.1 2.6 6.8 1.4 9.5 (3)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Table 16. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

transportation equipment manufacturing and public utilities workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2001

Benefit costs

Total Wages

Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1)

savings

Cost per hour worked

Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37).... $33.67 $21.84 $11.84 $2.85 $2.05 $2.81 $1.15 $2.73 $0.25

White-collar occupations......................... 43.78 30.27 13.52 4.24 1.56 2.97 1.44 3.06 .24

Professional specialty and technical........... 45.66 31.02 14.65 4.73 1.31 3.41 1.58 3.26 .36

Executive, administrative, and managerial...... 54.15 39.43 14.72 4.91 2.04 2.52 1.63 3.46 .16

Blue-collar occupations.......................... 28.41 17.43 10.98 2.12 2.33 2.73 .99 2.56 .25

Service occupations.............................. 25.08 15.55 9.54 2.30 1.25 2.84 .90 2.06 .19

Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)................ 40.09 26.79 13.30 3.69 1.79 3.13 1.36 3.12 .21

White-collar occupations....................... 43.63 29.68 13.95 4.22 1.56 3.19 1.50 3.23 .26

Blue-collar occupations........................ 34.18 22.00 12.18 2.81 2.18 3.02 1.10 2.94 .13

Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).................... 32.58 21.83 10.76 2.87 1.64 2.48 1.46 2.22 .09

White-collar occupations......................... 33.01 22.40 10.61 2.78 1.73 2.39 1.41 2.19 .11

Blue-collar occupations.......................... 32.34 21.09 11.24 3.08 1.52 2.69 1.58 2.30 .06

Communications (SIC 48).......................... 32.02 21.68 10.34 2.75 1.63 2.30 1.48 2.09 .09

White-collar occupations....................... 32.15 22.03 10.11 2.63 1.69 2.20 1.43 2.08 .09

Blue-collar occupations........................ 31.84 20.84 11.00 3.10 1.48 2.58 1.64 2.13 .08

Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49).... 33.71 22.11 11.60 3.10 1.66 2.84 1.42 2.47 .11

White-collar occupations....................... 35.60 23.50 12.10 3.26 1.84 2.98 1.36 2.49 .18

Blue-collar occupations........................ 32.87 21.37 11.50 3.07 1.56 2.82 1.53 2.49 .04

Percent of total compensation

Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37).... 100.0 64.9 35.2 8.5 6.1 8.3 3.4 8.1 0.7

White-collar occupations......................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 9.7 3.6 6.8 3.3 7.0 .5

Professional specialty and technical........... 100.0 67.9 32.1 10.4 2.9 7.5 3.5 7.1 .8

Executive, administrative, and managerial...... 100.0 72.8 27.2 9.1 3.8 4.7 3.0 6.4 .3

Blue-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 61.4 38.6 7.5 8.2 9.6 3.5 9.0 .9

Service occupations.............................. 100.0 62.0 38.0 9.2 5.0 11.3 3.6 8.2 .8

Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)................ 100.0 66.8 33.2 9.2 4.5 7.8 3.4 7.8 .5

White-collar occupations....................... 100.0 68.0 32.0 9.7 3.6 7.3 3.4 7.4 .6

Blue-collar occupations........................ 100.0 64.4 35.6 8.2 6.4 8.8 3.2 8.6 .4

Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.8 5.0 7.6 4.5 6.8 .3

White-collar occupations......................... 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.4 5.2 7.2 4.3 6.6 .3

Blue-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 65.2 34.8 9.5 4.7 8.3 4.9 7.1 .2

Communications (SIC 48).......................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 8.6 5.1 7.2 4.6 6.5 .3

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 16/19
White-collar occupations....................... 100.0 68.5 31.4 8.2 5.3 6.8 4.4 6.5 .3

Blue-collar occupations........................ 100.0 65.5 34.5 9.7 4.6 8.1 5.2 6.7 .3

Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49).... 100.0 65.6 34.4 9.2 4.9 8.4 4.2 7.3 .3

White-collar occupations....................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 9.2 5.2 8.4 3.8 7.0 .5

Blue-collar occupations........................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 9.3 4.7 8.6 4.7 7.6 .1

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average

cost per employee hour worked that employers pay for wages and salaries and

benefits.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate,

or, for workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided

by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total

earnings before payroll deductions and include production bonuses,

incentive pay, commissions, and cost-of-living allowances. Not included in

straight-time earnings are nonproduction bonuses, such as lump-sum payments

provided in place of wage increases, shift differentials, and premium pay

for overtime and weekend work; these payments are included in the benefits

component.

Benefits include: Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and

other leave; supplemental pay--premium pay for work in addition to the

regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift

differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as referral bonuses and lumpsum payments provided in place of wage increases); insurance--life, health,

short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and savings--

defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally required benefits--

Social Security, Federal and State unemployment insurance, and Workers'

Compensation; and other benefits--severance pay and supplemental

unemployment benefits.

In June 2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics expanded the definition

of nonproduction bonuses to better represent the compensation packages

offered to employees. The March 2001 ECEC includes, in addition to the

traditional types of nonproduction bonuses such as attendance bonuses and

lump sum payments, hiring and referral bonuses. A fact sheet has been

prepared with additional information on this change and the costs of these

bonuses. This information can be obtained directly from the BLS Internet

site (http://www.bls.gov/ecthome.htm), by e-mail request

(ocltinfo@bls.gov), or by telephone (202) 691-6199.

The 2001 Survey

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation include data from both

private industry and State and local government. Not included are the selfemployed and farm, household, and Federal government workers. Survey data

are published annually with the payroll period that includes March 12 as

the reference period.

The cost levels in this release are based on a probability sample of

about 32,200 occupations within approximately 7,500 sample establishments

in private industry and about 3,800 occupations within approximately 800

sample establishments in State and local government. Sample establishments

are classified by industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management

and Budget. Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are

selected to represent broader major occupational groups such as

professional specialty and technical occupations.

Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The

March 2001 cost levels were calculated using the March 2001 employment

counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics

(CES) program, benchmarked to the 2000 universe of all private nonfarm

establishments. In most instances, private industry employment counts were

total employment estimates for 2-digit major industry groups, such as

primary metal manufacturing or food stores, as defined by the SIC system.

In a few cases, 3- and 4-digit industry employment counts were used. These

include the 4-digit aircraft manufacturing industry (3721) and the 3-digit

health care and educational industries. For more information on SIC

coding, see "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1996

Benchmarks" in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings. For State

and local governments, employment counts ranged from those for 3-digit

industries, such as education and health care, to those for major industry

divisions, such as public administration.

Employment data from these 2-, 3-, and 4-digit industries were

distributed to major occupational groups (such as executives,

administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors) using the relative importance of the groups in the Employment

Cost Index (ECI) sample. Because the ECI establishment sample is

completely replaced over a period of several years, major occupational

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 17/19
group employment counts from the ECI are affected by the age of the sample.

However, a few years' difference in the age of the occupational data within

industries is likely to have a small impact on the estimates.

In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for

employee compensation, is calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts to

prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries from influencing

the changes. Therefore, year-to-year changes in Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation will differ from those in the ECI.

Historical data and related articles on the ECEC are included in the

bulletin, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, 1986-99 (Bulletin

2526). An historical summary from 1986 through 2001 is also being prepared

and will be available in the future on the Internet site

(http://www.bls.gov/ecthome.htm) or upon request. Information on how costs

are calculated appears in "Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working

Conditions, Summer 1997. An article on changes in employer compensation

costs appears in "Tracking Changes in Benefit Costs," Compensation and

Working Conditions, Spring 1999.

Relative Standard Errors

Because the ECEC is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors.

Sampling errors are differences that occur between the results computed

from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in

the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected

using the same sample design may differ from each other. A measure of the

variation among these differing estimates is the standard error. It can be

used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular

sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The

chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs

from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The

chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6

times the standard error. All the statements of comparisons appearing in

this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better,

unless otherwise indicated. This means that for differences cited, the

estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the

difference.

The relative standard error (RSE) is shown with the cost estimates for

some series in the appendix. The RSE for all estimates will be available

shortly after the release is issued. This information can be obtained

directly from the BLS Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ecthome.htm), by email request (ocltinfo@bls.gov), or by telephone (202) 691-6199.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see

"Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997.

For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze

differences in year-to-year changes, see "Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working

Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the

Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, "Explaining the

Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC," which examined how

differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing

trends.

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors,

but not from nonsampling errors. Sampling errors are differences between

the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from

all observations in the population. Nonsampling errors are not measured

and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors.

Survey nonresponse is when sample members are unwilling or unable to

participate in the survey. Data collection errors include provision of

inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing

errors include errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although

nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain

procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data

collection reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and

systematic review of reports on which data are recorded. Extensive field

economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection

standards.

Comparing private and public sector data

Aggregate compensation cost levels in State and local government

should not be directly compared with those in private industry.

Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in

work activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for

example, make up a large part of private industry work activities, but are

rare in State and local government. White-collar occupations (largely

professional occupations including teachers) account for two-thirds of the

State and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private

industry.

A detailed examination of differences in compensation levels and

trends between private industry and State and local government may be found

in, "Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors," Monthly

Labor Review, May 1993, and "Compensation Cost Trends in Private Industry

and State and Local Governments," Compensation and Working Conditions, Fall

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 18/19
1999.

Obtaining information

Articles, bulletins, and other information may be obtained by calling

(202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail message to ocltinfo@bls.gov, or visiting

the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). Information in this

release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon

request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service Number: 1-800-

877-8339.

Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors,(1) by major industry and

occupation categories, March 2001

Benefit costs

Industry or Total Wages

occupation category compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other

sation salaries Paid mental ment required beneTotal leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(2)

savings

Civilian workers

Cost per hour worked............................. $22.15 $16.07 $6.08 $1.51 $0.56 $1.46 $0.78 $1.73 $0.03

Relative error................................... 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.9 5.9 2.4 3.6 2.1 10.2

State and local government workers

Cost per hour worked........................... $30.06 $21.34 $8.73 $2.34 $.26 $2.56 $1.73 $1.78 $.06

Relative error................................. 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.0 7.2 2.3 3.1 2.4 25.9

Private industry workers

Cost per hour worked........................... $20.81 $15.18 $5.63 $1.37 $.61 $1.28 $.62 $1.73 $.02

Relative error................................. 3.1 3.0 3.6 5.0 6.2 3.2 5.2 2.4 9.9

Goods-producing industries(3)

Cost per hour worked......................... $24.40 $16.86 $7.55 $1.60 $1.07 $1.85 $.83 $2.14 $.05

Relative error............................... 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.6 6.7 3.8 7.4 2.4 16.3

Service-producing industries(4)

Cost per hour worked......................... $19.74 $14.68 $5.06 $1.30 $.48 $1.11 $.55 $1.60 (5)

Relative error............................... 3.5 3.3 4.2 6.0 9.6 3.3 5.2 2.7 (6)

Manufacturing

Cost per hour worked......................... $24.30 $16.66 $7.64 $1.85 $1.09 $1.93 $.75 $1.95 $.07

Relative error............................... 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.2 5.7 2.0 17.1

Nonmanufacturing

Cost per hour worked......................... $20.12 $14.89 $5.23 $1.28 $.52 $1.15 $.59 $1.68 (5)

Relative error............................... 3.6 3.4 4.4 6.0 9.0 3.8 6.2 2.8 (6)

White-collar workers

Cost per hour worked......................... $25.34 $18.71 $6.63 $1.88 $.68 $1.43 $.75 $1.85 $.03

Relative error............................... 3.9 3.8 4.3 5.7 10.5 2.9 5.3 3.0 8.7

Blue-collar workers

Cost per hour worked......................... $19.35 $13.48 $5.87 $1.08 $.76 $1.45 $.66 $1.89 $.03

Relative error............................... 2.0 1.7 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.9 6.1 2.1 18.8

Service workers

Cost per hour worked......................... $10.32 $8.00 $2.32 $.42 $.16 $.52 $.15 $1.07 (5)

Relative error............................... 2.4 2.0 4.2 7.3 5.5 7.0 9.8 2.1 (6)

1 The relative error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. One can be 90-percent confident that the interval

around the cost estimate bounded by 1.6 times plus and 1.6 times minus the standard error contains the "true" cost.

2 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

service industries.

5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

6 Relative error is suppressed because cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

3/14/2011 www.bls.gov/news.release/History/ece...

bls.gov/.../ecec_06292001.txt 19/19