BLD-298 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 13-2120

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CPA NINA SHAHIN,

Appellant

v.

STATE OF DELAWARE; OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Delaware

(D.C. Civil No. 1:07-cv-00643)

District Judge: Honorable Leonard P. Stark

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Submitted for Possible Summary Action 

Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

June 27, 2013

Before: SCIRICA, HARDIMAN and GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: July 22, 2013)

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OPINION

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PER CURIAM

Nina Shahin, a frequent pro se litigant, appeals from the District Court’s order 

granting the defendants’ motion for summary judgment. Because this appeal does not 

present a substantial question, we will summarily affirm the judgment of the District 

Court. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.
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I.

In October 2007, Shahin filed an employment discrimination complaint in the 

District Court, alleging that the State of Delaware’s Office of Management and Budget

(the “State”) evaluated her credentials at an “unreasonably low” level and denied her an 

interview for the position of Senior Accountant because of her age and national origin. 

She brought her claims pursuant to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act 

(“ADEA”) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”). Shahin also 

alleged that she was not hired in retaliation for filing previous charges of discrimination 

with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”).

Following discovery, the State filed a motion for summary judgment or, in the 

alternative, a motion to dismiss. The District Court granted summary judgment to the 

State, holding that the State was immune from suit under the ADEA, that Shahin had not 

established a prima facie case of discrimination under Title VII, and that the record did 

not support her retaliation claim because there was no nexus between Shahin’s filing of a 

charge of discrimination and the State’s hiring decision.1

II.

 Shahin timely appealed.

 1 The District Court also denied as moot Shahin’s motion for sanctions. To the extent 

that Shahin challenges this denial, we agree that the District Court did not abuse its 

discretion. See Luzadder v. Despatch Oven Co., 834 F.2d 355, 360 (3d Cir. 1987). 

Furthermore, the District Court properly denied as moot her motion for a jury trial, as 

“[n]o one is entitled in a civil case to trial by jury unless and except so far as there are 

issues of fact to be determined.” Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 439 U.S. 322, 336 

(1979) (quoting In re Peterson, 253 U.S. 300, 310 (1920)).
3

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we exercise plenary review over 

the District Court’s grant of summary judgment. See Giles v. Kearney, 571 F.3d 318, 

322 (3d Cir. 2009). Summary judgment is appropriate when the “movant shows that 

there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment 

as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). We may summarily affirm on any basis 

supported by the record. Murray v. Bledsoe, 650 F.3d 246, 247 (3d Cir. 2011) (per 

curiam).

III.

Shahin first alleged that the State violated the ADEA by discriminating against her 

because of her age. The ADEA prohibits employers from refusing to hire persons 

because of their age. 29 U.S.C. § 623(a)(1). The Act’s definition of employer 

specifically includes “a State or political subdivision of a State and any agency . . . of a 

State.” 29 U.S.C. § 630(b)(2). The ADEA, however, does not abrogate the states’ 

Eleventh Amendment immunity to suits by private individuals for damages. Kimel v. Fl. 

Bd. of Regents, 528 U.S. 62, 91 (2000). Here, the defendants are the State and one of its 

agencies, the Office of Management and Budget. Given that the defendants have not 

waived their Eleventh Amendment immunity, the District Court properly granted 

summary judgment to the State on Shahin’s ADEA claim.

We analyze Shahin’s Title VII claims pursuant to the familiar burden-shifting 

framework established by McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 (1973). 

See Pamintuan v. Nanticoke Mem’l Hosp., 192 F.3d 378, 385-86 (3d Cir. 1999). Under 
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this framework, Shahin bore the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of a Title 

VII violation. See McDonnell Douglas Corp., 411 U.S. at 802. If she did so, the burden 

would shift to the State to “articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason” for not 

hiring her. See id. Shahin would then have an opportunity to show that the legitimate 

reason offered by the State was pretextual. See Jones v. Sch. Dist. of Phila., 198 F.3d 

403, 410 (3d Cir. 1999).

We agree that Shahin failed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination. To 

establish a prima facie case, Shahin needed to show that (1) she belongs to a protected 

class; (2) she was qualified for the position; (3) she was subject to an adverse 

employment action; and (4) the adverse action was under circumstances giving rise to an 

inference of discrimination. See Sarullo v. U.S. Postal Serv., 352 F.3d 789, 797 (3d Cir. 

2003). Here, Shahin alleged that she was rated “unreasonably low” and not interviewed 

for the position of Senior Accountant because she is Ukrainian. However, she failed to 

provide sufficient evidence of circumstances raising an inference of discriminatory 

action. See id. Notably, the record does not include any evidence that the State was 

aware of her Ukrainian origin. Shahin did note that the position of senior accountant was 

filled by an “American.” This conclusory allegation, however, does not establish a 

“causal nexus between [her] membership in a protected class and the decision to not [] 

hire [her].” Id. at 798.

Even if Shahin had established a prima facie case, we agree that her discrimination 

claim would nonetheless fail because the State articulated a legitimate, non-
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discriminatory reason for its decision not to interview Shahin. See McDonnell Douglas 

Corp., 411 U.S. at 802. The State offered evidence that the individual hired for the 

position had significant accounting experience, including seven years of experience 

working for the State as either a senior accountant or account specialist. Furthermore, 

Shahin failed to point to evidence from which a reasonable fact-finder could conclude

that the State’s reason was pretextual. See McDonnell Douglas Corp., 411 U.S. at 802. 

To make a showing of pretext, Shahin needed “evidence, direct or circumstantial, from 

which a factfinder could reasonably either (1) disbelieve the employer’s articulated 

legitimate reasons; or (2) believe that an invidious discriminatory reason was more likely 

than not a motivating or determinative cause of [the employer’s] action.” See Sheridan v. 

E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 100 F.3d 1061, 1067 (3d Cir. 1996) (en banc). In an 

attempt to establish pretext, Shahin has suggested that the State hired an individual with 

political connections. However, sheer speculation of this sort is insufficient to withstand 

summary judgment. See Sarullo, 352 F.3d at 799-800.

We also conclude that Shahin failed to make a prima facie case of retaliation for 

filing previous charges of discrimination. To establish such a case, she needed evidence

that (1) she engaged in activity protected by Title VII; (2) the State took an adverse 

employment action against her; and (3) there was a causal connection between the 

protected activity and the adverse action. See Moore v. City of Phila., 461 F.3d 331, 340-

41 (3d Cir. 2006). However, Shahin did not point to evidence reasonably suggesting a 

causal link between her prior charges of discrimination and the State’s decision not to 
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interview her. She provided no details about when these charges were filed, and the 

record is devoid of evidence that the individuals involved in the interviewing process had 

any knowledge of her prior charges. See Marra v. Phila. Hous. Auth., 497 F.3d 286, 302 

(3d Cir. 2007) (a plaintiff may establish a cause connection by showing a close temporal 

proximity between the protected activity and the alleged discriminatory conduct, or by 

submitting “circumstantial evidence . . . that give[s] rise to an inference of causation.”). 

Accordingly, the District Court properly granted summary judgment to the State.

IV.

For the reasons given, we will summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment. 

See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.